NOVELTY - Article (40) (I), comprises: many nanostructures (20) at least some of which have a length of at least 10 microns or diameter less than 20 nm, where the long axes of the nanostructures are substantially aligned relative to each other and the nanostructures have a density of at least 108/cm2; and a conformal polymer coating (30) attached to the nanostructures, where the nanostructures have a morphology substantially similar to a morphology of identical nanostructures lacking the polymer coating, under identical conditions.    USE - (I) is useful as part of a capacitor, sensor and filter. The nanostructure is useful in a method for producing a material (all claimed). (I) is useful in microelectronics, capacitors (e.g. ultra capacitors), advanced aerospace composites, sensors (e.g. chemical sensors and biological sensors), electromechanical probes, electrodes (e.g. nanostructured electrodes for optoelectronic devices including solar cells), batteries and filters (e.g. nano scale filters and filters for bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli)).    ADVANTAGE - (I): exhibits high mechanical strength and anisotropic properties (directional dependent electrical properties); and improved thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and surface characteristics (e.g. hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity). The method forms: conformal coatings on materials (e.g. nanostructures) with little or substantially no change in the alignment, morphology and/or other characteristics of the underlying material; and conformal coatings on materials having a high aspect ratio (e.g. nanostructures). The conformal coating forms a stable structure and does not delaminate from the surface of the nanostructures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a material, comprising: providing many nanostructures (20) at least some of which have a length of at least 10 microns, where the long axes of the nanostructures are substantially aligned relative to each other; and forming a conformal coating (30) comprising a polymeric material, on the nanostructures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a two-phase article.    Substrate (10)    Nanostructure (20)    Conformal coating (30)    Portion (32)    Two-phase article (40)