NOVELTY - A solar-driven chemical plant comprises a solar thermal receiver (200) aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from solar energy concentrating fields; a solar driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes (202, 204, 206, 208) inside the solar thermal receiver; and an aperture open to the earth atmosphere or covered with a transparent window.    USE - A solar-driven chemical plant used for refining biomass.    ADVANTAGE - The solar-driven chemical plant results in higher yields of gallons of gasoline per biomass ton, and the energy source being used to drive the conversion is renewable and carbon free.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar-driven chemical plant comprises:    (A) a solar thermal receiver (200) aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from solar energy concentrating fields including an array of heliostats and/or solar concentrating dishes, where the solar thermal receiver has cavity walls;    (B) a solar driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes (202, 204, 206, 208) in a downdraft configuration located inside the solar thermal receiver, where in the multiple reactor tubes particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in an endothermic gasification reactions to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products at an exit temperature from the tubes of greater than 1000 degrees C; and    (C) an aperture open to the earth atmosphere or covered with a transparent window, to pass the concentrated solar energy into the solar thermal receiver to impinge on the reactor tubes and cavity walls of the receiver, where the reactor tubes allows segregating the biomass gasification reaction environment from the atmosphere of the solar thermal receiver, and transferring solar energy by absorption and re-radiation, convection, and conduction to the reacting particles to drive the endothermic gasification reactions of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes, and where high heat transfer rates of the materials making up the cavity walls and the reactor tubes allow the particles biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for tar destruction to less than 200 (preferably less than 50) mg/m3 and gasification of greater than 90 % of the carbon content of the particles in reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time of 0.01-5 seconds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a sectional view of the chemical reactor.    Solar thermal receiver (200)    Reactor tubes (202, 204, 206, 208)