TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is selected from wood biomass or grass biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The Charcoal production involves performing pre-drying, drying, pre-carbonization and charring of biomass for 8 hours to obtain a product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing the termite medicine wrapped in silk fibroin, step (a) is carried out in the dark. The material in step (b) is wood or plastic. In step (b), 1-7.5mcg/cm of bifenthrin is added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The organic waste is chosen from vegetable waste, fruit waste, paper sludge, waste paper, grains waste, feed waste, sewage sludge and industrial waste. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing livestock excretion and organic waste in ratio of 1:1 and maintaining temperature of sludge at 0.5-1 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: Alternatively, electrochemically removing impurities that are adhered to catalyst reaction sites on electrodes of a fuel cell stack due to reaction in the fuel stack during generation of electricity, comprises: impressing a cyclically varying voltage on the fuel cell stack when generation of electricity by the fuel cell stack is stopped; varying the cyclically varying voltage in a predetermined range to break bonds between the impurities and the catalyst reaction sites and break down chemical structures of the impurities until a predetermined condition is met; and discharging the broken down impurities from the catalyst reaction sites after restarting generation of electricity by the fuel cell stack. The predetermined range is a range of between -1.5 V and 1.5 V. The cyclically varying voltage varies at a rate falling in a range between 1 mV/s and 1000 mV/s. The predetermined condition is met when electric current flowing in the fuel cell stack falls below a predetermined amperage. The predetermined condition is met when time for which the cyclically varying voltage is impressed on the fuel stack reaches a predetermined period of time. The predetermined condition is met when the number of cycles for which the cyclically varying voltage varies reaches a predetermined number.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel gas mixture comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out at a temperature that vary relative to mesophilia (32-34 degrees C) by 3 degrees C, an isolation factor (day light) and a fermentation period, under atmospheric pressure of 1 bar and in natural light conditions. The fermentation period varies according to three applied biological phase and a structure of raw material made of glass with which a fermenter is designed and rapidly transmits the heat and heat conductivity. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The reducing step is performed by mechanical homogenization, ultrasonication, hydrodynamic cavitation and/or electrochemical treatment. The hydrolysis is an anaerobic or aerobic hydrolysis, or aerobic/anaerobic alternating hydrolysis step, at room temperature. The reducing step is preceded by a step of thickening the solid and cellular fractions with elimination of at least one liquid portion constituting the solid and cellular fractions. The thickening step is performed by gravitation; or in the same reactor in which hydrolysis is performed. Preferred Components: The reduction stage comprises at least one of a mechanical homogenizator, sonicator, hydrodynamic cavitator and/or electrochemical plant. The hydrolysis stage provides for the performance of an anaerobic or aerobic hydrolysis or an alternating aerobic/anaerobic step hydrolysis, at room temperature. The reduction stage is preceded by a stage for thickening the solid and cellular fractions with elimination of at least one liquid portion constituting the solid and cellular fractions. The thickening stage comprises a membrane or a static or dynamic thickener susceptible to eliminate at least one liquid portion constituting the solid and cellular fractions. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The particulate solid inorganic material is water-insoluble. It is a catalyst for pyrolytic conversion of the solid biomass material. The particulate solid inorganic material has a temperature of less than 250, preferably less than 125 degrees C at the time of mixing with the solid biomass material. It has a mean particle diameter of 40-200, preferably 60-110 mu m. The particulate solid inorganic material comprises particles having a shape index of 2-1, preferably 1.5-1. It has attrition index less than the attrition index of the particulate solid biomass material. The particulate solid inorganic material comprises hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite-like materials, anionic clays, cationic clays, layered hydroxy metal salts, zeolites, water-insoluble earth alkaline metal salts, and/or mixed metal oxides. It comprises zeolite, such as zeolite Y, ZSM-5, or zeolite-containing material, such as equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking catalyst; alumina; inert material selected from sand, quartz, and/or silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The solid biomass material comprises cellulose. It is a lignocellulosic biomass material. The solid biomass material is impregnated with 0.1-6 wt.% water-soluble inorganic material, which is salt, oxide, or hydroxide of an alkali metal or earth alkaline metal. The particulate solid inorganic material and particulate solid biomass material are mixed at 0.1:1-10:1, preferably 0.5:1-5:1, preferably 1.5:1-3.5:1 weight ratio. The particulate solid biomass material has a mean particle diameter of 5 mu m-50 mm, preferably 100-1000 mu m. The method further comprises feeding the mixture of particulate solid biomass material and particulate solid inorganic material into pyrolysis reactor, which is a fluidized bed reactor, fluid transport reactor, or cyclone reactor. It is carried out in a laboratory scale reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The chamber outside reactor is fed with diathermic heating fluid from a generator, this fluid typically being mixture of eutectic salts at 135-480 degrees C heated with traditional systems such as electricity, hot combustion gases, or combustion of produced charcoal. The generation of eutectic salts is also accompanied by production of transport steam. The water/oil mixture is separated with conventional evaporation techniques in evaporator, with separation of oil and transfer of excess water to conventional water treatment processes of aerobic/anaerobic biological fermentation or to partial recycling for steam generation. The plant can be constructed to function with continuous process or a discontinuous process. The continuous process plant consists of biomass storage silo from which screw feeder transfers poultry droppings or similar biomass (bovine or pig excrement/biological sludge/biogas digestate/solid urban waste from separated collection) through input valve. The reactor consists of horizontal cylindrical body with elliptical bottoms and heating jacket, equipped with stirrer with blades scraping heating surface, which continuously moves biomass contained inside reactor. The stirrer is controlled by gear motor, and in that gear motor allows movement in both directions, to allow transfer towards discharge or retention of the biomass in movement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Vapor collection from heated inner surfaces proceeds in parallel or anti-parallel with film flow. EXAMPLE - Waste transformer oil stream was fed into a heated vacuum film evaporator. Distillation took place from falling thin oil film, where vapors were collected at heated inner evaporation surfaces at 5 kPa and 220 degrees C. The collection of vapors ran parallel with direction of film flow. At such conditions, the efficiency of distillation was 95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tissue Culture: The cells of the tissue culture are produced from a tissue selected from kernel, head, stem, leaves, root, root tip, pollen, ovule, embryo, or flower. Preferred Wheat Plant: The transgene confers resistance to an herbicide selected from imidazalinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine, or benzonitrile. The transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. It also confers resistance to Fusarium graminearum through the detoxification of deoxynivalenol. The transgene confers a trait selected from waxy starch or increased amylose starch. The desired trait is herbicide resistance and is conferred to an herbicide selected from imidazalinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine, or benzonitrile. The desired trait is insect resistance and is conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. It is also male sterility and is conferred by a cytoplasmic nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are bacteria, preferably gram-negative bacteria. The bacteria are Pseudomonas putida IOC5a1, Pseudomonas putida IOCR1 and Pseudomonas fulva IOCSAM1. The bacteria are used in equal ratio to form the microbial blend. The microbial blend has a concentration of 0.5-10 wt.%, preferably 1-2 wt.% of biopile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatics of hydrocarbon waste includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The aromatics content in the hydrocarbon waste is 20-100 wt.%, preferably 50-100 wt.%. The biopile comprises: a layer of soil at the base; a layer of a mixture of the hydrocarbon waste, soil and a bulking agent; a pipe for aeration, drainage and addition of water; a layer of clean soil above the mixture of the hydrocarbon waste, soil and a bulking agent; and a layer of perforated plastic sheet to cover the biopile. The pipe is a perforated pipe of polyvinyl chloride wrapped with fine cloth. The biodegradable carrier is agricultural wastes. The nutrients are compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, mineral, trace element and/or vitamins. The nutrients used are a mixture of yeast extract, potassium nitrate and ammonium phosphate in a ratio of 2:1:0.1-1:0.1:0.01, preferably 1:1:0.1. The nutrients added are 0.01-5 wt.% of waste-soil-bulking agent mixture. The bulking agent is bagasse, wood chips, twigs, rice husk, Pinus needles, bark, post peelings, fruit waste and/or stones. The bulking agent used is at 5-50%, preferably 10-30% of the hydrocarbon waste-soil mixture. The moisture content in the biopile is 20-90%, preferably 30-80% of the water retention capability of biopile. Preferred Method: The bioremediation is carried out at 5-50 degrees C, preferably 20-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide powder is selected from zirconia, ceria, or alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves isolating fatty acid ester. The microorganism is cultured in culture medium comprising 2-50 g/l of glucose. The fatty acid ester is produced at yield of 10-95% by mass of carbon in glucose or at yield of 0.5-50 g/100 g of glucose in fermentation medium. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism, preferably recombinant Escherichia coli cell is genetically engineered (a) to overexpress at least one gene chosen from phosducin (pdc), alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), adhA, adhB, pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh), and casAB (b) to have reduced expression of at least one gene chosen from fumarate reductase (frd), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh)A, pyruvate formate lyase (pfl)A, pflB, adhE, acetate kinase (ack)A, and finbriae (fin)A, relative to corresponding wild-type organism, and (c) to produce ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol and fatty acid ester is fatty acid ethyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The catalyst optionally comprises at least one metal ion M. The platinum(II) precursor is bipyridinoplatinum chloride ((Bipy)PtCl2) or tetraaminoplatinum chloride (Pt(NH3)4Cl2) (both preferred) or platinum chloride (PtCl2). The metal ion precursor is a precursor of silver ion. The electronically conductive material is a carbon felt, carbon tissue or titanium metal sponge (all preferred), solid glassy carbon, tissue of glassy carbon or glassy carbon felt. The heteropolyanion HPA is phospho-potassium tungstic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used in step (a) and (c) is isopropanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of (I) is 1-100 wt.%, preferably 30-60 wt.%. (I) is undecanoic acid methyl ester, undec-10-enoic acid methyl ester, tridecanoic acid methyl ester or tridec-12-enoic acid methyl ester. Preferred Process: In the process, after separation of heptanaldehyde, the effluent is subjected to a separation of 11C and/or 13C omega -unsaturated esters and that the hydroxy ester fraction of ricinoleic acid and/or lesquerolic acid is entirely or partly recycled in cracking after subjected to esterification with the methanol. In the process, after separation of the glycerol, entire esters derived from the transesterification is subjected to cracking of which the effluent is subjected to a series of successive separations, first heptanal, 11C and/or 13C omega -unsaturated esters, then finally non-hydroxylated fatty esters, the non-transformed hydroxyester residual fraction of ricinoleic acid and/or lesquerolic acid entirely or partially recycled to cracking after subjected to the esterification with methanol, where the biodiesel fuel consists of mixture of 11C and/or 13C omega -unsaturated esters, and optionally part withdrawn from unconverted hydroxyesters of ricinoleic acid and/or lesquerolic acid. The process comprises, after separation of the heptanaldehyde, the ester mixture is subjected to a separation of 11C and/or 13C omega -unsaturated esters and non-hydroxylated fatty esters, and the unconverted residual hydroxyester fraction of ricinoleic acid and/or lesquerollic acid is entirely or partly recycled to cracking after subjected to esterification with the methanol. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: methyl omega -undecylenate (49.8 wt.%); methyl palmitate (1.7); methyl stearate (2); methyl oleate (5.3); methyl linoleate (6.7); and methyl ricinoleate (34.4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The biomass to be processed is organic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The strain is of Gram-negative, and is represented as straight rod with two ends designed as circle; the strain is 0.3-1.2 mm in diameter and 2.5-5.8 mm long; the strain is independent presented or distributed in the paired form or in the form of short chain; and the strain has autoecious flagella and is capable of moving. The 16SrRNA gene sequence of Shewanella comprises fully defined 1535 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification. Using Shewanella in microorganism fuel cell for generating electricity comprises: (a) adopting lactic acid as electronic donator which is directly used in the microorganism fuel cell to generate electricity; (b) reacting freeze-dried strain and resting cell to generate electricity; (c) adopting nutritive ingredient in the wastewater or sludge to generate electricity; or (d) using immobilized cell as cationic catalyst of the microorganism fuel cell, where the immobilized cell is absorbed by the strain or embedded on the electrode carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The deactivator further has oxygen concentration detection unit provided between catalyst tower and absorption tower. The hydrogen supply unit is water electrolysis apparatus (6). Preferred Process: The oxygen concentration in purified gas discharged from the absorption tower, or purified gas to which hydrogen is added is detected. A new catalyst tower is operated when difference in temperature of purified gas within other catalyst tower and temperature of purified gas added with hydrogen is less than a regulation value. The purified gas added with hydrogen is supplied to the new catalyst tower through a flow-path switching valve. The hydrogen is obtained by electrolyzing water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of copper and zinc in the catalyst component is 98:2-30:70. The binder is graphite. The content of binder with respect to 100 parts mass of catalyst component is 0.5-5 parts mass. Preferred Condition: The reaction is performed under pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa. Preferred Property: The specific surface area of the catalyst is 85 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of tungstic acid compound with respect to polyvinyl alcohol is 0.3 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex compound is organic compound containing sulfonic acid group. The organic compound is water-soluble and is chosen from polystyrene sulfonate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, poly(2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) and their derivatives. The organic compound is contained in the weight ratio of 0.01-1 with respect to the polyvinyl alcohol compound. An organic compound or its salt having sulfonic acid group is added (7) into raw material solution containing silicate or tungstate, polyvinyl alcohol and solvent containing water before neutralization and after neutralization, and the solvent is removed after the neutralization of silicate or tungstate using an acid to obtain the complex compound. Alternately, the solvent contained in raw material solution comprising zirconium salt or zirconium oxy salt, solvent containing water, polyvinyl alcohol and organic compound containing sulfonic acid group, is removed and the raw material solution is contacted in order with alkali and acid to obtain the complex compound. Alternately, the zirconium salt or zirconium oxy salt in the raw material solution is neutralized using an alkali, and the organic compound is added to obtain the complex compound. The sulfonic acid group is coupled with the inorganic compound. A compound having mercapto group is combined with inorganic compound in the complex compound to obtain complex compound having sulfonic acid group by oxidizing the mercapto group. The complex compound containing compound having mercapto group is reacted with silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent is 3-mercapto propyl methyl dimethoxysilane or 3-mercapto propyl methyl trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chain type saturated hydrocarbon consists of one type chosen from a group which consists of C2-C15 paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The temperature during volatile material removal process is 50 degrees C or less. Preferred Process: The heat insulation chamber conveys the coconut husk charcoal. The dry distillation is carried out with heat generated by burning portion of coconut husk charcoal with continuous supply of oxidizing agent to the heat-insulation-chamber interior. Preferred Component: The coconut husk charcoal-manufacturing apparatus further has an oxidizing agent supply apparatus to supply oxidizing agent to the heat-insulation-chamber interior.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel fuel comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester of biological origin or blend of a fatty acid alkyl ester of biological origin and petroleum diesel fuel. The diester of a dicarboxylic acid is diisobutyl adipate, dimethyl adipate, diisobutyl pimelic, diisobutyl glutarate and/or di-n-butyl sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoroelastomer comprises copolymerized units of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. The fluoroelastomer further comprises copolymerized units of tetrafluoroethylene.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Calcium ion cross-linking solution is calcium chloride solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agrochemical composition comprises (in wt.%): tebuconazole (10-40), mancozeb (10-40), naphthalenesulfonic acid dispersant (1-2), mixture of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with formaldehyde condensate (5-10) and kaolin (8-74). ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Plant protectant.    ADMINISTRATION - The agrochemical composition is applied in the field and seed is treated with the agrochemical composition. No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: The composition is prepared in the form of miscible oil, wettable powder, aqueous emulsion, aerosol or aqueous suspension. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The sophorolipid is derived from yeast, preferably Candida. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial. In a test for measuring antibacterial effect with respect Staphylococcus aureus, sophorolipid exhibited antibacterial activity of 200.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): ammoniated sludge (40-70), polymerized amino acid (0.1-5), rare earth (1-15), inorganic nutrient material (10-20) and filler (10-35). Preferred Components: The inorganic nutrient material is selected from azophoska, phosphate rock, phosphorite, svanbergite, guanite, blue ironstone, potash feldspar, shale, plant ash or their mixture. Filler is selected from animal and plant residue, humic acid, bentonite, medicated stone, coal ash or their mixture. Organism damaging the river and lake is blue green algae, Eichhornia crassipes or Alternanthera philoxeroides. Acid catalyst is phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The number of filter-feeding fish is that each mu of the biological conversion pond needs 30-50 g silver carp fry about 400; 30-50g of spotted silver carp fry about 200, 100 g crucian, carp and grass carp in total of 100. The feed method is salving the fish and feeding fresh fish fry in the winter every year. The biological conversion pond is equipped with an artificial aerator for artificial aeration in the biological conversion pond so as to provide oxygen to the fish as well as agitate uniformly for accelerating mixing speed of the biogas liquor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molecular sieve catalyst is ZSM-5 molecular sieve (preferably), HZSM-5 molecular sieve, MCM-41 molecular sieve or beta molecular sieve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lignin is a lignin extracted from sodium lignin sulfonate, alkali lignin and biological oil, or lignin extracted from biological oil or biological extracted via the glycerol distillation (preferably). The lignin extracted from biological oil is prepared by mixing biological oil and water, stirring, setting aside, separating formed solid precipitate, washing the solid precipitate with water, filtering, and vacuum drying the filter cake at room temperature. The biological oil extracted via glycerol distillation is prepared by distilling biological oil via glycerol assistance, collecting the residue, washing the residue with water, filtering, and vacuum drying at room temperature. The mass ratio of lignin and molecular sieve catalyst is 1:1. Preferred Method: The method further comprises vacuum drying the lignin at room temperature before using.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biocarbon is produced by delivering the other part of biomass plant after crushing and drying to small smokeless carbonizer or large biological carbonizing device at 400-700 degrees C. About 250-300 kg biocarbon and 500-700 kg combustible gas are produced per hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The smokeless carbonizer comprises temperature control carbonizing chamber, biocarbon collecting chamber, and combustible gas collecting chamber.
ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fumigation insecticide containing natural plant essence, comprises (in parts by weight) eucalyptus oil (80-90), 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate miscible oil (8-12) and ethyl formate (5-8). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-oxidative stabilizer is formed by 3,4,5-trihydroxy propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylhydroxyanisole and/or 2,6-butylhydroxytoluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the water content of the material in (b) is 0-7%. Preferred Process: The process in (c) is performed in a thermal cracking furnace vacuumized. The water vapor in the thermal cracking furnace is discharged when the temperature in (c) is greater than 200 degrees C. The flammable gas in (e) is filled in a buffer tank to be buffered and compressed. Preferred Furnace: In the thermal cracking furnace, a mixing blade is mounted above the electric heating device; the mixing blade is connected to a power device at the top of the furnace body via an agitating rod; and the feed inlet is set with a feed hopper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass concentration of total solvent of acetone, butanol and ethanol is 0.5-1.5% in the fermentation broth pumped out from the fermentation tank; and the mass concentration of total solvent of acetone, butanol and ethanol collected by the condenser is 7-40%. The pervaporation membrane separator is composed of one or more than one unit pervaporation membrane separator; where the pervaporation side of every unit pervaporation membrane separator is connected in parallel with a vacuum pump header pipeline of vacuum pump via the pipeline. The unit pervaporation membrane separator is composed of pervaporation membrane component and pervaporation membrane; where the pervaporation membrane is composed of at least one of silicon rubber, polytrimethyl silicon allylene, polybutadiene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluortetraethylene or its derivative, butadiene styrene rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene diene rubber, polyetheramide embedded polymer, and molecular screen material; and the pervaporation membrane is in the form of pipe, roll, panel, or hollow fiber membrane. The micro filtering membrane used for the micro filtering membrane separator is one of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) membrane, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) membrane, titanium dioxide (TiO2) membrane, stainless steel membrane, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon, polyether, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, or cellulose membrane; and the average aperture of micro filtering membrane is 0.1-1 mu m. Preferred Process: In the process, after the total solvent of acetone, butanol and ethanol pumped out from the fermentation tank is introduced into a micro filtering membrane separator, it is input into the pervaporation membrane separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The organic solid waste is chosen from mixture of urban sludge, urban trash, waste of livestock or food trash. The compost adjustor is prepared by blending rice husk, tree bark or straw and glucose in volume ratio of 100-250:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of catalyst is 0.5-1 mol%, preferably 0.6-0.8 mol% with respect to content of quinolone carboxylic acid derivative. The molar ratio of piperazine derivative is 2-6.5 times, preferably 6.2-9.4 times with respect to content of quinolone carboxylic acid derivative. The content of water is 6.2-9.4 times, preferably 7-8 times with respect to content of quinolone carboxylic acid derivative. The quinolone compound (III) reacts with an inorganic acid or organic acid to obtain inorganic acid salt or organic acid salt of quinolone compound. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid. The organic acid is methyl sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic catalyst is sulfuric acid having concentration of 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The positive and negative chambers are separated through separating film made of Nafion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microbial inoculum is directly added to the domestic garbage by aerobic, semi-aerobic, anaerobic garbage embedding field or garbage compost for fermenting in the ratio of 0.5-0.8% of embeddeding garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The giant knotweed extract liquid is obtained by soaking giant knotweed in ethanol, ultrasonically extracting giant knotweed, centrifuging the giant knotweed extract, removing solvent from the supernatant and adding ethanol (double the volume of the giant knot weed) to the supernatant, where the mass ratio of giant knotweed to ethanol is (91-5):(5-10), soaking time of the mixture is 1-5 hours, and ultrasonic extraction is carried out at 45 degrees C for 1-5 hours. The plant protein amino acid solution is 1-90% amino acid solution obtained by hydrolyzing plant protein under alkaline condition. The composition is prepared into preparation, preferably aqueous preparation. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of giant knotweed extract liquid and the plant-derived surfactant is 5:(2-3). The plant-derived surfactant comprises (in wt.%): plant protein amino acid solution (25), saponin extract liquid (30-45) and tea saponin (100). The plant protein is soybean protein. The saponin extract liquid is 1-90% aqueous extract. The aqueous preparation comprises (in wt.%): giant knotweed extract liquid (10-60), plant-derived surfactant (20-30) and water (100).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethanol used is 70% ethanol. ACTIVITY - Virucide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The fermentation involves using fermenting bacteria, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, active sludge, nursery soil and/or livestock excrement. Preferred Composition: The straw comprises all portions of crop except fruit, organic waste of garden comprising pollard and/or leaves, or organic waste of home scrap.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nitrogen is 0.05-0.5%. The mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen during recycle of wastewater condensate is 15-25:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The straw biological fire coal contains (in wt.%) corn straw carbon powder (54.79), wheat straw carbon powder (40.98), sesame straw carbon powder (50 kg), branch straw carbon powder (50 kg) or sorghum straw carbon powder (43), sodium nitrate (5.48, preferably 5, or 6 kg), sodium silicate (0.55 or 7, or 1 kg), sodium hydroxide (0.55) or sawdust (8 or 25 kg), starch (0.27) or clay (3.3 or 5 kg), and water (38.6 or 40, or 35 kg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: Carbon dioxide generated by the system is absorbed by blue algae, green algae, dinoflagellate, diatom, Chlamydomonas, red algae, brown algae, golden algae, yellow algae, stonewort, or Euglena.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The gasification agent used during coal gasification is air, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or steam.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas flow measuring device is a liquid displacement measuring device, which is: immersed in a wet space including a liquid bath containing at least one of the component comprising water, acid, cleaning agent, aqueous based solution or organic solvent; and having a gas compartment with one gas accumulating end and one lifting end, where the gas storing capacity of inside of the gas compartment is larger at the gas accumulating end than at the lifting end. The liquid displacement measuring device: is designed to operate based on leverage effect; has at least one sensor means provided to generate a signal and/or change the state of a signal when the gas compartment is not in its initial standby position; and has means for adjusting the active volume of the gas compartment. The gas flow measuring device is a measuring device system comprising at least two gas flow measuring devices.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The container comprises at least one alkali metal hydroxide solution. The at least one additional acid reacting gases fixating container comprising at least one acid in solution is provided after and in connection with the container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M1), the catalysts are dissolved in an organic solvent. Preferred Components: The first reduction catalyst and the second reduction catalyst comprise a Group V metal. The first reduction catalyst comprises mixed vanadium/antimony oxide. The second reduction catalyst comprises mixed vanadium oxide/phosphorus oxide. The harmful emissions comprises at least one member selected from oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The oxidation catalyst comprises a Group VIII metal (preferably organometallic compound containing iron). The catalysts are dry mixed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises a glycol ether or butyl cellosolve. The liquid fuel is selected from diesel, gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, bunker fuel, ethanol, and biodiesel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid-state holding time of solid discharged material is 36 degrees C or more for 10 seconds. Preferred Composition: The fat-and-oil component contains fat-and-oil substance having melting point of 10 degrees C or less, and fat-and-oil substance having melting point of 40 degrees C or more. The liquefied petroleum gas of propellant contains butane (20-60 %mass) and propane (80-45 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The exterior container contains metal, resin and ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition comprises (wt.%) R1234ze(E) (5-95, preferably 5-50), R-1243zf (5-95, preferably 35-90), and R32 (5-15). The composition further comprises a fourth component including pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and/or preferably 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). The composition comprises 1-70 wt.% fourth component. The composition has a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 1000, preferably less than 150. It has a temperature glide of less than about 15 K, preferably less than 10 K. The composition has a volumetric refrigeration capacity at 15 (preferably 10)% of the existing refrigerant that it is intended to replace. It has a higher flammable limit, a higher ignition energy, and/or a lower flame velocity compared to R1243zf alone. The composition further comprises a lubricant including mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, polyvinyl ethers, and/or poly ( alpha -olefins); a stabilizer including diene-based compounds, phosphates, phenol compounds, and/or epoxides; and an additional flame retardant including tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, (chloropropyl) phosphate, tri-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, tri-(1 ,3-dichloropropyl)-phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, a fluorinated iodocarbon, a fluorinated bromocarbon, trifluoro iodomethane, perfluoroalkyl amines, and/or bromo-fluoroalkyl amines. EXAMPLE - A heat transfer or refrigerant composition was prepared using (wt.%) difluoromethane (R-32) (6), 3,3,3 trifluoropropene (R-1243zf) (84), and E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R-1234ze(E)) (10). The composition had a pressure ratio of 3.64, a volumetric efficiency of 90.5%, a condenser glide at 4 K, an evaporator glide at 2.4 K, and a refrigeration effect of 155.64 kJ/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The stream is obtained from organic waste and/or biomass, preferably by leakage and/or mechanical treatment, and/or originates from dewatering biomass, leak moisture, more preferably beet and its leaf leak moisture and juice. The organic feed comprises agricultural crops, agricultural crop residues, and/or by-products from agricultural crops processing industry, preferably sugar beet and/or leaves.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The first reactor is slurry reactor and second reactor is granular sludge reactor, where at least a portion of liquid effluent stream is collected from the second reactor and returned to the first reactor, and at least portion of the effluent having high concentration of solids is returned to the first reactor. The concentration of VFA in the first reactor is controlled to 4 g/l or less, and/or pH value is maintained at 5.5 or more. The concentration of VFA in the second reactor effluent stream is at least factor 10 lower than in the first reactor effluent stream. The organic solid content in the slurry reactor is 2-10 wt.% and the granular sludge reactor is 40-120 g/l. The slurry reactor has loading capacity of 3-10 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3/day and the granular sludge reactor has capacity of 15-40 kg COD/m3/day. The hydraulic residence time in the first reactor is at least 10 days and in the second reactor is 1-20 hours. The second reactor comprises outlet to return portion of the VFA-poor organic feed effluent to the first reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the methods (M1) and (M2), the ratio of the extractant composition to the fermentation medium is 1:20 to 20:1 on a volume:volume basis. The method (M1) further involves contacting the fermentation medium with a first solvent prior to contacting with the extractant composition, where the step of contacting with the extractant composition occurs in the same vessel as the contacting with the first solvent. In the methods (M1) and (M2), a portion of the butanol is concurrently removed from the fermentation medium by stripping butanol from the fermentation medium with a gas to form a butanol-containing gas phase; and recovering butanol from the butanol-containing gas phase. In the method, the ethanol is present in the butanol-containing organic phase. Preferred Components: The extractant composition contains first solvent (30-90%), based on the total volume of the first and second solvents. The fermentation medium further comprises ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bivalves are Mytilus edulis and/or Crassostrea virginica. The planktivorous fishes are Brevoortia patronus and/or Clupea harengus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dissolved inorganic nutrient is carbon dioxide, ammonia, ammonium ion, a nitrite, nitrite ion, a nitrate, nitrate ion, a phosphate, or orthophosphate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises flowing water from the source into the bivalves enclosure prior to the growth enclosure so that the level of dissolved inorganic nutrient(s) is increased relative to the water from the source; and removing zooplankton in the water from the source prior to flowing the water from the source into the bivalves enclosure. The extraction of lipids further comprises processing the lipids to form eicosahexaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid-containing products for human consumption or animal feeds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves phase-separating (ii) the reaction liquid (II) obtained in phase-separation process (i) into fatty-acid alkylester phase (IIa) and glycerin phase (IIb) using the oil-water separation film. Preferred Composition: The water content contained in the fatty-acid alkylester phase (Ia) is 0.1 %mass or less. The concentration of glycerin contained in the fatty-acid alkylester phase (Ia) is 0.1 %mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): The DNA molecule is an amplicon prepared from template molecule comprising event 17053. Preferred Method: The DNA molecule comprises nucleotide sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. The DNA molecule is derived from representative sample of seed comprising event 17053. The DNA molecule is comprised in a rice plant, plant cell, seed, progeny plant, plant part, or commodity product. Preferred Kit: The DNA detection kit comprises DNA molecule of at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, or their complement. Preferred Plant: The seed plant tolerant to glyphosate herbicide is produced by crossing first rice plant comprising event 17053 with second rice plant lacking event 17053 to produce progeny plants, selecting at least a first progeny plant comprising event 17053, selfing first progeny plant to produce second generation progeny plants and selecting at least a first plant homozygous for event 17053. The rice plant, seed, cell, or plant part, preferably cell, pollen, ovule, pod, flower, root tissue, stem tissue, or leaf tissue is hybrid having at least one parent derived from representative sample of seed comprising event 17053 or progeny plant of any generation of rice plant comprising event 17053. Preferred Product: The commodity product comprises representative seed comprising event 17053 and nucleic acid producing amplicon diagnostic for event 17053 by DNA amplification method. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microalgae is isolated from seawater and estuaries. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves further culturing the microalgae using culture medium having low concentration of nutritive salts, and extracting oil component from culture using organic solvent. Preferred Components: The oil component contains neutral lipid or squalene. The organic solvent is chosen from n-hexane, methanol and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The aerobic microbial culture is freshwater biofilm or planktonic cyano bacteria. The planktonic cyano bacteria are Synechocystic PCC 6803. The microbes are positioned on the anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: The anode and cathode are separated by a distance of 1-5 cm. The electromagnetic energy source is sunlight and is supplied for 10-14 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode has a conductive carbon layer. The vessel contains fresh water or salt water. The aqueous solution does not contain exogenous electron mediator or buffer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anode is further coated with electroconductive polymer. The electroconductive polymer is polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The material delivery and drying steps are carried out by drum drying device. The material delivery and dry distillation steps are carried out by drum dry distillation device. Automatic control is carried out by an automatic operation control display device based on the signals sent by temperature sensor and oxygen concentration sensor. Preferred Device: Two ends of the sealing storehouse are provided with pneumatic blade gate valves. The drum dry distillation device is internally provided with an associated gas combustion room. Smoke outlet of the combustion room is connected with the drum drying device. The associated gas air inlet of the combustion room is connected with the air outlet of the drum dry distillation device. The air inlet of combustion room is connected with the electric control valve and the hand-powered valve. The discharge hole of the drum dry distillation device is connected with the briquette shaping machine by the sealing storehouse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle is controlled at 280-330 degrees C and pressure of 10-20 MPa. The enzymolysis, saccharification or fermentation is done by adding cellulose (2-4 ml) to biomass (1 g), heating at 45-55 degrees C for 15-30 hours, adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 g), heating at 38-40 degrees C for 7-10 hours, and fermenting. Preferred Components: The raw material of the biomass comprises straw, wheat stalk or corn stalk. The mass ratio of biomass and ethanol/water mixed solvent is 1:8-80. The ethanol/water mixed solvent has a mass ratio of 1:1. The cellulose comprises endoglucanase, exoglucanase and/or beta -glucanase. The mass ratio of residue and ethanol is 1:50-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The used amount of the base fertilizer is less when the crop growing period is short and the amount is high when the crop growing period is long.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The fungicide is prepared by using 10-60% of suspending agent or wettable powder agent or water dispersing particle, and accessory ingredient and carrier. Preferred Compositions: The fungicide containing the suspending agent comprises water and (in wt.%): ethylicin (10-50), pyraclostrobin (1.0-2.0), wetting agent (2.0-10), dispersing agent (2.0-10), stabilizing agent (0.1-10), thickening agent (0.1-3), anti-freezing agent (1.0-8) and foaming agent (0.1-3). The fungicide containing the wettable powder agent comprises carrier and (in wt.%): ethylicin (10-50), pyraclostrobin (1.0-2.0), wetting agent (1.0-15) and dispersing agent (1.0-10). The fungicide containing the water dispersing particle comprises carrier and (in wt.%): ethylicin (10-50), pyraclostrobin (1.0-2.0), wetting agent (1.0-18), dispersing agent (1.0-15), expanding agent (1.0-6) and permeating agent (1.0-10). ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The combustion improver is sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and/or potassium chlorate. The smoke suppressor comprises lime powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The carbonizing furnace comprises an inner furnace (1) and an outer furnace (5) covered outside the inner furnace. Arrays of vent holes (4) penetrating the furnace wall are installed on position of inner furnace adjacent to its bottom. The bottommost part of the outer furnace has an array of igniting ports (6) penetrating the furnace wall. Upper end of the inner furnace is connected with outer environment through a funnel (2) which is provided with air door (3) at lower end. Bottom of cavity between the outer furnace and the inner furnace has perforated steel pipes uniformly distributed toward the center of the inner furnace. The steel pipes have little holes. The agricultural and forestry waste is placed on the steel pipes for burning such that air can flow to accelerate carbonization of the agricultural and forestry waste to generate the formed biomass carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder is obtained by uniformly mixing clay, bentonite, coal refuse, and lignocellulose with fiber length of 4550-600 mu m at weight ratio of 6:2:2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin fiber material is polypropylene, polyester or viscose. The resin material is PVC resin, unplasticized PVC resin or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the coal tailings biomass solid formed fuel, the agricultural organic waste is one or more of Eupatorium adenophorum, water hyacinth, weed stem, crop straw, peanut shell, grain bran, wheat bran, and bits of wood; the combustion improver is one or more of common salt, lime, calcium carbonate, bunker oil, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate, sodium carbonate, potassium oxide, sodium nitrite, sodium hypochlorite, and magnesium carbonate; and the bond is clay or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-yield microbial strain is silk-shaped microbial fungus Mortierella isabellina and Blakeslea trispora. The catalyst for preparing the microbial diesel oil is concentrated hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, oxalic acid, glacial acetic acid, solid acid, or biological enzyme. Preferred Process: The microbial oil is prepared by Soxhlet extraction method, organic solvent method, or low-temperature squeezing method. The unsaturated fatty acid is separated by low-temperature freezing crystallization method, molecular distillation method, or silver ion complexion method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The effective catalyst in the process in (a) is prepared by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution having a concentration of 10-25% to the alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, sufficiently stirring, adding ferric trichloride, sufficiently stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a white milky substance, filtering it, and removing the water; where the mass ratio of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, solid NaOH, and ferric trichloride is 1.0-1.5:0.1:0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lipophilic organic solvent is n-hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, or benzene; and the hydrophilic organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, or acetone. The acidic catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid or toluenesulfonic acid. The alkaline catalyst is sodium alkoxide, alkaline metal, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or potassium hydroxide (KOH). The adsorbent is one or more than one of active white clay, diatomite, attapulgite, active carbon, magnesium silicate, and aluminum oxide. Preferred Process: The leaching at room temperature is carried out under the protection of nitrogen. In the process, when the NaOH or KOH is used as catalyst, the solid is dissolved into the methanol or ethanol to prepare the alcohol solution with alkali concentration of 4-8 wt.%. The lower layer of liquid after layering in (c) is the side product glycerol that is obtained by subjecting the mixture of glycerol, water, catalyst, methanol or ethanol to diluted hydrochloric acid neutralization, centrifugal separation, and decompressing distillation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In degrading toxic material by using the bacterial agent comprising the Corynebacterium sp., the toxic material is at least one of phenol, catechol, and p-chlorophenol. In processing wastewater by using the bacterial agent comprising the Corynebacterium sp., the wastewater is chromium-containing wastewater or wastewater from process of manufacturing leather.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): fermented organic fertilizer (56-58), urea (15-17), diammonium phosphate (5-7), potassium sulfate (16-18), magnesium sulfate (2.5-3.5), zinc sulfate (0.7-0.9) and boric acid (0.2-0.3). Preferred Component: The cake is chosen from soybean cake, peanut cake, cotton seed cake and rapeseed cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The fluid from top of main absorption tower is supplied to reabsorption tower. Crude gasoline is used as absorbent for absorbing 4C fraction. Gas from top of reabsorption tower is supplied to fuel system, and bottom fluid is returned to absorption stabilizing system of cracking device. The theoretical plate number of reabsorption tower is 10-30. The temperature of top of tower is 40-60 degrees C. The temperature of bottom of tower is 30-40 degrees C. 2C concentrated gas is supplied to deoxidizer and deoxidized to remove oxygen and nitric oxide. The absorbent in main absorption tower comprises (in wt.%) n-butane (10-40), 1-butene (5-15), trans-2-butene (20-40), cis-2-butene (10-30) and 5C fraction (0-5). The absorbent in tower is etherified 4C fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing (in wt.%): igniter (50-75), dried powder of aquatic plant (0-20), charcoal dust (0-20) and starch binder (1-5). The aquatic plant is chosen from cattail, rhizoma acori graminei, common rush, umbrella plant, Papaver somniferum, Cassia, water caltrop and lotus. The substrate for fermentation is Aspergillus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal boron hydride comprises NaBH4, LiBH4, Ca(BH4)2, MgBH4, KBH4 or Al(BH4)3. The metal hydride comprises LiH, NaH or CaH2. The boron nitrogen hydride comprises ammonia borane, diborane, diamino diborane, H2B(NH3)2BH4, poly(amino borane), borazine, borane-morpholine complex, or borane-tetrahydrofuran complex. The solid catalyst comprises ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises methanol and/or ethanol. The solid hydrogen fuel comprises solid hydride, solid catalyst, and hydrophobic elastomer polymer. The solid hydride comprises alkali/alkaline metal boron hydride, metal hydride and/or boron nitrogen hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The super water absorbent material is a polymer containing polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, poly(ethylene oxide), starch graft copolymer or rubber blend. The super water absorbent material is a combination of the polymer and a cotton material. The hydrophobic elastomer polymer comprises silicone, rubber, or silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The biogas is mixture of methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The gas extraction portion is provided in position less than 0.6 L to 1 L or more with respect to effective length (L) of adsorption tower, preferably 0.75 L with respect to effective length (L) of adsorption tower. Preferred Apparatus: The mixed gas supply apparatus further has a composition fluctuation phase difference generation unit provided in the path of downstream piping and/or bypass piping. The phase difference generation unit has extended piping of downstream piping or bypass piping. The mixed gas is fuel gas, preferably town gas having methane as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The hydrogen sulfide and siloxane compound with moisture content are removed in the primary dehumidifier. A gas holder (11) is interposed between primary dehumidifier and catalytic tower, and in which the dehumidified-purified gas is stored. The catalyst layer space velocity (SV) of purified gas supplied to catalytic tower is less than 7000 hour-1 (excluding 0). The amount of hydrogen added by hydrogen supply unit with respect to amount of oxygen contained in purified gas is 2 or more in molar ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The liquid medium comprises beer lees (2 or more, preferably 3-15 weight/volume%) and ammonia nitrogen or amino nitrogen (30-660, preferably 40-580 mM). The Trichoderma is Trichoderma reesei. The method involves adding carbon source with respect to liquid medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The feedstock is pressurized before heating. The slurry is further introduced into the feedstock of organic material before mixing. The slurry and feedstock containing organic material are mixed in mechanically-driven mixing device or static mixing device. Alternately, renewable fuel is obtained by heating and pressurizing the feedstock containing organic material and ammonia, obtaining slurry, flashing to reduce the pressure and temperature of the processed slurry, evaporating portion of ammonia, and recovering, or pressurizing and heating feedstock containing organic material, obtaining slurry, dewatering, obtaining liquid concentrate, digesting, adding halide and obtaining methane as fuel product. The processed slurry is further treated with aqueous halide solution. The combustion of solid fuel product is performed to promote mercury oxidation. The digestion process is performed in presence of digester feed to improve the production of methane. The flashing process is performed after pressurizing and recovering. The water and carbon dioxide contained in the mixture is further vaporized. The vaporized components are distilled to recover liquid stream of water and ammonia. Preferred Condition: The viscosity of the mixture is reduced to less than 10000 cp, and the temperature of the mixture is increased to 38 degrees C. The pressure of the processed slurry is reduced to pressure more than the saturation pressure of water at reduced temperature. Preferred Composition: The organic material comprises sewage, sewage sludge and/or bio-solid. The amount of ammonia contained in the feedstock is 10-70 wt.%. The halide is fluoride, chloride, bromide and/or iodide. The digester feed comprises fat, oil and/or grease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: coarse grinding the corn material concurrently with the simultaneously steeping, breaking, gelatinizing and liquefying the corn material; distilling the slurry to produce ethanol; separating the fermented slurry; obtaining at least a stillage fraction and a wet cake fraction from the separated fermented slurry; separating the wet cake fraction; obtaining at least an intact oil rich fraction and a cake meal fraction from the separated wet cake fraction; and drying the wet cake fraction. The method (I) further comprises: obtaining the oil-rich fraction from the larger mesh screening and a germ-free solids fraction from the small mesh screening; obtaining at least the germ and fiber fraction from the separated fermented slurry; simultaneously gelatinizing and liquefying the germ-free solids fraction; drying the germ and fiber fraction; and separating the germ and fiber fraction step by aspirating. The fermenting step is performed simultaneously with a saccharification and liquefaction process. Separating the wet cake fraction is done by winnowing or aspirating the dried wet cake. The method (I) comprises a larger mesh screening and a small mesh screening. Preferred Components: The intact oil-rich fraction comprises germ including germ oil and germ meal. The cake meal comprises a fiber rich fraction and a protein rich fraction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: (A) further comprises heterologous amino acid sequences. The composition comprises 1-99 wt.% of (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): (A) is produced by standard molecular biology techniques. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Plant Protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Gene therapy.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the composition is in the form of a powder, dust, pellet, granule, spray, emulsion, colloid or solution (claimed). Dosage of the composition is 0.01-5 lb/acre (dry form) or 0.01-10 pts/acre (liquid form) by e.g. spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the preparation process of the catalyst, the parent liquid is circulated for reuse after collecting the solid crystal; the sulfuric acid, boric acid and hydrofluoric acid react at 90-150 degrees C for 8-18 hours; the complex temperature is 40-80 degrees C and the time is 4-12 hours; the complex parent liquid is cooled at 20-50 degrees C for crystallizing; the ratio of the materials comprising sulfuric acid, boric acid, and hydrofluoric acid is 5-7:1-3:1-3; and the ratio of dimethyl carbonate to boron trifluoride gas is 5:1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Preparing streptavidin-marked phycourobilin-combined phycoerythrincyanin alpha -subunit fluorescent protein comprises using alpha -subunit lyase/isomerase phycoerythrobilin to process isomerization as phycourobilin, and covalent bonding with streptavidin-marked phycoerythrincyanin alpha -subunit apoenzyme to prepare the streptavidin-marked phycourobilin PUB-combined phycoerythrincyanin alpha -subunit fluorescent protein. The alpha -subunit lyase/isomerase gene is homologous with pecE and pecF genes in Anabaena sp. PCC7120 or pecE and pecF genes in Mastigoclaudus laminosus sp. PCC7603; and the phycoerythrincyanin alpha -subunit apoenzyme is gene homologous with pecA in the Anabaena sp. PCC7120 or M. laminosus sp. PCC7603. The host bacterium is Escherichia coli.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing fuel oil by liquefying biomass through water heat, the pulp rector is chosen from one of stirring reaction kettle, micro vibrating reaction device, continuous or half continuous tubular or pot type rector. The step (b) is carried out as follows: fully mixing the biomass raw material in step (a) with water and catalyst to obtain uniform pulp liquid; the mass ratio of the biomass raw material to water is 1:2 to 1:8 and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass raw material is 1:10 to 1:50. The catalyst is one of homogeneous phase catalyst, non-homogeneous phase catalyst or iron ore; the homogeneous phase catalyst is prepared into water solution; the non-homogeneous phase catalyst and iron ore are crushed into powder with grain diameter of less than 160 meshes. The homogeneous phase catalyst is chosen from one of alkali, alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt; the non-homogeneous phase catalyst is one or transitional metal or oxide of transitional metal prepared by dipping or co-depositing method; the iron ore is selected from one of iron ore with sulfur content of more than 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In step (B), the water ammonia concentration of reaction is less than 500 mg/L, the carbon/nitrogen ratio is less than 2, the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 0.8-1.5 mg/L, the temperature is 20-35 degrees C, the pH value is 7.0-8.5, and the hydraulic retention time is 18-35 hours. In step (C), the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 0.5-1.2 mg/L, the temperature is 20-35 degrees C, the pH value is 7.0-8.5, and the hydraulic retention time is 18-36 hours. In step (D), intermittent aeration mode is used, the aeration time is 1.5-3.0 hours, the aeration and stopping time ratio is 1:1, the dissolved oxygen condition during aeration is 1.8-2.5 mg/L, the dissolved oxygen condition during the stopping of aeration is 0.2-0.5 mg/L, the temperature is controlled at 20-35 degrees C, the pH value is 7.0-8.5, and the hydraulic retention time is 48-192 hours. In step (D) continuous aeration mode is used, the dissolved oxygen condition is 0.5-1.0 mg/L, the temperature is controlled at 20-35 degrees C, the pH value is 7.0-8.5, and the hydraulic retention time is 48-192 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The DO value of mixed flow aeration tank is 1-2 mg/L while pH value is 7-8 and retention time is controlled at 60-100 hours. The DO value of plugflow aeration tank is 3-5 mg/L while pH value is 7-8, sulfur content is 4-5 mg/L and retention time is controlled as 80-120 hours. Sludge mixed solution at outlet part of plugflow aeration tank is reflowed to the mixing type aeration tank and reflux ratio is 200-300%. Part of sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank reflows to the mixed flow aeration tank and reflux ratio is 200-300%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The solid concentration of the raw material is regulated by the digestive liquid, when the concentration of metal and the hydrogen ion in the digestive liquid storage pool is less than anaerobic digestion pool. The solid concentration of the raw material is regulated by water, when the concentration of metal and the hydrogen ion in the digestive liquid storage pool is more than anaerobic digestion pool. The inoculating substance for the moderate temperature anaerobic digestion is anaerobic active sludge in methane tank or municipal sewage treatment plant and the anaerobic active sludge, which is domesticated at 30-38 degrees C for 10-15 days. The inoculating substance for the high temperature anaerobic digestion is anaerobic active sludge in methane tank or municipal sewage treatment plant and the organic garbage, which is domesticated at 30-38 degrees C for 5-15 days, then the sludge is gradually heated each day at 1 degrees C until it becomes 50-56 degrees C and is domesticated for 5-10 days at 50-56 degrees C.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antifreeze agent is calcium salt, preferably anhydrous calcium chloride or calcium chloride dihydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chill-proof nutrient is saccharide, preferably D-glucose (0.5-5) or sucrose (1-10). The surfactant is Tween (RTM: Polysorbate), preferably Tween 10 (RTM: Polysorbate 10), Tween 20 (RTM: Polysorbate 20), Tween 40 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate), Tween 60 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) or their mixture. ADMINISTRATION - The composition is sprayed for 1-2 times on corn leaves (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The dry-scattered type bio-fermenting product is produced by selecting wild Xylosma from mountain area which contains natural bacterial composition containing bacterium (20%), Actinomycetes (20%), epiphyte (50%) and probiotic (10%), obtaining zymocyte strain formed under natural condition, inoculating strain in culture medium containing rice husk as carrier, adding 1% of urea water (ratio of urea and water is 1:100) as activator to prepare materials, growing the strain agent rapidly, controlling temperature to 160 degrees C, and water content to 50% for 60 hours. The zymocyte is chosen from Pasteurella multocida, Actinomycetes, epiphyte and probiotic of Saccharomycetes and Lactobacillus. The padding portion is chosen from saw dust, rice husk, peanut shell, corn stalk, wheat rod, straw, wheat husk, corn core, cotton rod and chili rod. The water content is 16-19% when the padding portion is saw dust, and fineness of the saw dust is 25-50 meshes. The saw dust is preferably thick. The water content is 16-19% when the padding portion is peanut shell, corn rod, wheat rod, straw, wheat bran, corn core, corn skin, cotton rod or chili rod, where the above-mentioned materials are crushed and smashed to mixture, and maintained in dry state. The diameter of mixture is 0.6-2.5 mm. The dilution of zymocyte agent involves mixing and diluting the zymocyte agent with corn flour in ratio of 1:10 without adding water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The potassium feldspar powder and potassium carbonate are sintered at 820-860 degrees C. The hydrothermal extraction process is performed at 100-150 degrees C and carbon separation process is performed at 80-85 degrees C. The drying process is performed at 105-110 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction is performed using catalyst containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide, its salt or hydroxide, transition metal support carrier and/or iron-type catalyst. The alkali metal catalyst is potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate. The transition metal-containing catalyst is nickel, ruthenium or iron loaded catalyst, potassium-nickel, potassium-iron or potassium-nickel-iron compound loaded catalyst. The iron type catalyst is magnetite, olivine, dolomite or hematite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing desulfurizing process after the step (c). The method involves pulverizing straw biomass material to grain size of 2-3 cm and maintaining pH of the pulverized material to 6.8-7.5. The pretreated material is added with nitrogen source. The fermentation temperature is 30-40 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen source is urea or ammonium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The COD concentration of soybean protein waste water in step (a) is 3000-8000 mg/l. The propionic acid culture medium in step (c) comprises (in g): sodium propionate (10), ammonium chloride (1), sodium chloride (0.6), calcium chloride (0.1), magnesium chloride (0.2), potassium chloride (0.1), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.3), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3), ferrous chloride (0.01), cysteine (0.5), trace element solution (10 ml), vitamin solution (10 ml), tryptone (2 g/l) and yeast paste (2 g/l), and the volume is made up to 1000 ml using distilled water, and pH value is regulated to 7.5-8 using sodium bicarbonate. The trace element solution (1 l) comprises manganese sulfate (0.01), zinc sulfate (0.05), boric acid (0.01), nitrilotriacetic acid (1), calcium chloride (0.01), sodium molybdate (0.01), cobalt chloride (0.20), aluminum potassium sulfate (0.01) and distilled water, and vitamin solution (1 l) comprises cyanocobalamin (0.01), riboflavin (0.025), creatine (0.025), citric acid (0.020), folic acid (0.010), pyridoxal (0.050), ascorbic acid (0.025), p-aminobenzoic acid (0.010) and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The weak acid catalyst is oxalic acid or mixture of oxalate and acid. Alcohol is ethanol. MECHANISM OF ACTION - Methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dipeptide thaxtomin belongs to class A, B, C or E. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antibacterial; Virucide; Immunostimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The burning resistant is clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bio-coal further comprises: a botanical binder, which is present at 1-5 wt.% or 15 wt.% of the total weight of the bio-coal; and a burning resistant, which is present at 1-10 wt.% of the total weight of the bio-coal. Preferred Components: The bio-fiber material is a carbon-containing botanical substance comprising different agricultural wastes including wood dust, corn stalks, rice straws, wheat straws, cotton stalks, peanut vines, sweet potato vines, bark, palms and/or bagasses. The coal material includes peat, brown coal, soft coal and/or hard coal. The botanical binder is starch. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal material is chosen from aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and alloy containing these elements. The heat-generating material is oxide of alkaline-earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing material is aluminum and/or magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing inhibitor is organic solvent with boiling point of 95-300 degrees C. The hydrogen-producing inhibitor is neutralized material of phosphoric acid, phosphate, phosphoric acid ester compound, and/or phosphoric acid ester compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal group is chosen from titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, gallium, magnesium, scandium, nickel, copper and neodymium. The second metal group is chosen from rhodium, iridium, platinum, ruthenium and palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The seed husk is palm husk.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The seed husk is pulverized with a coal grinder after carbonization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrode of the membrane electrode assembly is gas diffusion electrode. The selectively proton-conducting membrane is a ceramic membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Hydrogen is directly separated from the reaction zone, in which the reaction mixture is formed. For the simultaneous separation of hydrogen according to (i) and (ii), at least a part of power produced in (ii) is used in (i). For the separation of hydrogen, at least a part of heat generated during (ii) is fed into the reaction zone. Hydrogen according to (i) is removed under a voltage of 0.05-2000 mV against a hydrogen reference electrode. Hydrogen is separated at 200-1200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The reaction mixture is from hydrogen forming reaction. The oxygen containing flow contains 15 mol.% of oxygen. The hydrogen forming reaction is a non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of aliphatic 1-4C-hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amphiphilic solvent is acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanone, dimethyl ether, and propionaldehyde. The nonpolar solvent is propane, butane, pentane, hexane, butene, propene, naphtha or gasoline. Preferred Content: The wet algal biomass is filtered to increase solid content to 30%. Preferred Processes: The mixture is heated with microwaves, ultrasound, steam, or hot oil. The amphiphilic solvent is separated from dehydrated, defatted algal biomass via membrane filtration to obtain amphiphilic solvent, water and lipids. The separating includes decanting amphiphilic solvent from the dehydrated, defatted algal biomass to obtain amphiphilic solvent, water and lipids. The separation of the water from lipids includes adding nonpolar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chamber is cooled by liquid carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The by-product is charcoal formed from charring of wooden barrel used in process for producing alcoholic product, or is wood obtained from wooden barrel used in process for producing alcoholic product. The combustion fuel is formed from combination of charcoal and wood. The alcoholic product is whisky. Preferred Method: The method includes crushing collected by-product or pressing crushed by-product to form briquette.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing and fermenting compost raw materials such as natural organic substance, livestock dung urine and food residue. The natural enzyme is unpolished-rice enzyme. The method further involves adding and mixing water into the obtained fermented product, and performing solid-liquid separation to produce a liquid product, where air is supplied during mixing step. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide. In a test for measuring germination rate of Brassica campestris, fermented neem liquid (fertilizer) exhibited germination rate of more than 90%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reversible hydride formers comprise a metal or a metal alloy when in a non-hydrided state. The non-hydrided reversible hydride formers are magnesium metal. The reversible hydride formers comprise metal hydrides when in a hydrided state. The metal hydrides are magnesium hydride. The pumpable hydrogen storage slurry comprises a suspension of the reversible hydride formers within mineral oil. The pumpable hydrogen storage fluid comprises magnesium, magnesium hydride, mineral oil and a dispersant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The charging device comprise a slurry inlet, a slurry outlet, and a heating device capable of heating a slurry in the charging device to at least 320 degrees C. The discharge device comprises a hydrogen outlet through which hydrogen evolved from the hydride slurry can pass. The system further comprises a slurry carrier to transfer the pumpable hydrogen storage slurry from the first location to the second location, where the slurry carrier is selected from a truck, a boat, a rail car, a barge, and/or a pipe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dispersant is selected from triglyceride, polyacrylic acid, and/or oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipase enzyme is Lipase AS (RTM: Aspergillus niger), Lipase PS (RTM: Burkholderia cepacia), Novozym 435 (RTM: Candida antarctica lipase B), Lipozyme TL IM (RTM: Thermomyces lanuginosus), or Lipozyme RM IM (RTM: Mucor miehei).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The esterification agent is vinyl acetate. The organic solvent is toluene and/or diisopropyl ether. Preferred Method: The esterification reaction is carried out at 40 degrees C; and isolation is carried out by column chromatography or crystallization. EXAMPLE - 4S-Phenyl-3-((5RS)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl)-1,3 oxazolidin 2-one (1 g), toluene (3 ml) and vinyl acetate (3 g) were stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 degrees C and Lipozyme TL IM (RTM: Thermomyces lanuginosus)(300 mg) were added. After complete conversion of unwanted 4S-phenyl-3-((5R)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl)-1,3 oxazolidin 2-one, reaction was filtered to remove the enzyme. Filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to remove toluene and obtain crude product of 74% 4S-phenyl-3-((5S)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl)-1,3 oxazolidin 2-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The water soluble substance is chosen from saccharide, sugar alcohol and polyhydric alcohol. The coated tablet comprises maltose, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glycerin, fructose, glucose, lactitol, isomaltose, lactose, erythritol, mannitol, trehalose, sucrose and polyethyleneglycol with molecular weight of 400 or less. The polyvinyl alcohol-type resin in a coating layer is 10-60 w.t% with respect to coating layer. The ratio of the water-soluble substance is 1:0.1-1:9. The coating layer is light-shielding agent. The light-shielding agent is chosen from titanium oxide, iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, black iron oxide, talc and kaolin. The light-shielding agent in a coating layer is 0.1-40 wt.%. Preferred Agent: The drug is nalfurafine, amlodipine, donepezil, ebastine, selegiline, famotidine, irsogladine, brotizolam, olanzapine, lansoprazole, bepotastine, ramosetron, tamsulosin, naftopidil, polaprezinc, voglibose, rizatriptan, midodrine, risperidone, ondansetron, loratadine, montelukast, azulene sulfonic acid, etizoram, enalapril, captopril, glibenclamide, chlormadinone acetate ester, doxazosin, triazolam, domperidone, ketotifen, bromperidol, pravastatin, simvastatin, loperamide, lisinopril, rilmazafone, precipitated calcium carbonate or magnesium oxide, mecobalamin, alfacacidol, bromocriptine, pramipexole and its salt and solvate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves introducing one or more exogenous polynucleotides into the photosynthetic microorganism. The modified photosynthetic microorganism is cultured under conditions that allow the production of triglyceride or fatty acid. The modified photosynthetic microorganism produces diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), phosphatidate phosphatase or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Preferred Enzyme: The DGAT is Acinetobacter DGAT, preferably Acinetobacter baylii ADP1 DGAT (AtfA). The Acinetobacter DGAT comprises a 458 or 460 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1 or 18) fully defined in the specification, or its fragment or variant. The DGAT is Streptomyces DGAT, preferably S.coelicolor DGAT. The DGAT of S.coelicolor comprises a 446 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) fully defined in the specification, or its fragment or variant. The DGAT is Alcanivorax DGAT or its fragment or variant. The Alcanivorax DGAT is preferably A.borkumensis DGAT. The A.borkumensis DGAT comprises a 457 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15) fully defined in the specification, or its fragment or variant. The phosphatidate phosphatase is yeast phosphatidate phosphatase. The yeast phosphatidate phosphatase is preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidate phosphatase (yPah1). The ACCase is S.cerevisiae ACCase, Synechococcus sp. 7002 ACCase or Triticum aestivum ACCase. The ACCase comprises a 2235, 325, 165, 448, 319 or 2311 amino acid sequence (SEQ NOs: 3, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 28) fully defined in the specification, or its fragment or variant. Preferred Polynucleotides: The polynucleotides are exogenous to the photosynthetic microorganism native genome. The polynucleotides are present in expression constructs. The expression constructs comprise a constitutive promoter. The expression constructs comprise an inducible promoter. The polynucleotides are codon-optimized for expression in Cyanobacteria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal of the salt comprises nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, zinc and aluminum. The salt is nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, aluminum chloride, tin chloride and zinc chloride. The metal cation consists of tungstate anion (WO42-), heteropolyanions expressed as XxMmOyn-, where X is a heteroelement and M is a metal, a kegging type heteropolyanions (XM12O40)p- or Dawson type heteropolyanions ((X2M12O62)q- and (K6P2W18O62)) and tungstosilicic acid (H4SiW12O40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer comprises dry components (in wt.%): ammoniated sludge (10-40), polymerized amino acid (0.1-5), rare earth (1-10), inorganic nutrient material (25-50) and filler (10-30). Preferred Components: Inorganic nutrient material is selected from azophoska, phosphate rock, phosphorite, svanbergite, guanite, blue ironstone, potash feldspar, shale or plant ash. Filler is selected from animal and plant residues, humic acid, bentonite, medicated stone, coal ash, grass carbon or their mixture. Organism is blue green algae, Eichhornia crassipes or Alternanthera philoxeroides. Acid catalyst is phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lipid is lipid oil. The carbohydrate is chosen from monosaccharide, disaccharide and oligosaccharide. The disaccharide and oligosaccharide includes glucose units. The organic waste is excretion of domestic fowls. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electronic conductor contains carbon, conductive polymer and/or metal, and is in the form of paper, cloth, grid, frame, mesh, pore or linear or dotted form. The metal is gold or gold plated metal. Water, aqueous solution or water vapor exists in oxidizing chamber and/or reduction chamber. The oxidation catalyst is platinum, palladium or platinum-ruthenium alloy. The reduction catalyst produces hydrogen peroxide from oxygen, proton and electron. The oxidation catalyst produces proton from hydrogen donor. The reduction catalyst is obtained by heat processing a mixture containing metalloporphyrin and electroconductive carbon material. The carbon material is activated carbon, carbon fiber, graphite, carbon whisker, carbon black and/or acetylene black. Preferred Apparatus: The chemical reactor has a supply port (11) for supplying reducing substance to oxidizing chamber, and supply port (13) for supplying oxidizing substance to reduction chamber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Donor: The hydrogen donor is hydrogen gas, methanol, ethanol or dimethyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid ion conductor is a solid polymer electrolyte containing fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium further comprises (a) seawater, brine and/or rock salt as mineral source, (b) citric acid of fruit, (c) green (kale or fresh barley leaves) juice, and (d) Stevia, decomposition product of chitosan and/or ginseng. Preferred Components: The vegetable material is chosen from sawdust, chaff and straw. The amino acid source is sea tangle powder, dried bonito powder, snake dried powder and fish extract. Preferred Method: The microbial broth is obtained by culturing lactic acid bacteria, Actinomyces, photosynthetic microorganism and yeast in culture medium having saccharides, amino acids, minerals and phosphorus acid. The microbial compost is obtained by mixing organic substance chosen from rice bran, chaff, oil dregs, beer squeezed lees, bean curd lees and hen droppings with nitrogen source and then with microorganisms, and processing the mixture. The microbial compost is preferably obtained by mixing rice bran (40 kg) and chaff (20 kg) with nitrogen source (20 kg) and then with microbial broth (12 l), and processing the mixture. The organic fertilizer is packed in sealed bag for performing anaerobic fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The granulated sludge is pulverized to diameter of 40 mm or less. The fermented mixture is pulverized to diameter of 20 mm or less. The sludge is dehydrated such that the moisture content of dehydrated sludge is 40% or less, and the dehydrated sludge has strength of 400 kN/m2 or more and cone index equivalent to tertiary-type construction generated soil. The fermented mixture is evaporated such that the moisture content of the mixture is 25-35%. Preferred Composition: The addition material comprises active hen droppings to decompose alumina content in the sludge, soil conditioner containing mineral and/or base material comprising compost.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The high-humidity air of fermenter upper space is substituted by ventilated air by providing ventilation from top air-supply portion (12), heat energy is supplied to the dehydrated sludge upper layer from dehydrated sludge intermediate layer or lower layer by temperature gradient and free convection, water of dehydrated sludge is vaporized and fermentation of total dehydrated sludge is carried out. Low-humidity air with humidity of 60% or less is ventilated from the top air-supply portion. Preferred Components: The fermenter is provided with fermentation tank (1) and fermentation tank (4). The top air-supply portion is provided to the upper portion of fermentation tank (1), and an exhaust portion is provided to the upper portion of fermentation tank (4). Generation of nitrous oxide is suppressed using electroendosmosis dehydrator which produces dehydrated sludge with moisture content of 50-75% and temperature of 50-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The raw material is selected from soybean, sunflower, canola, cotton, peanuts or grains.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Ethanolic micelles are prepared by performing extraction of oil from raw material with ethanol, and separation of miscella into two phases. The extraction of oil is performed at 60-90 degrees C, preferably 78 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The compound microbial bacterium is mixed and cultured by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compound microbial bacterium is added to a brown sugar, which is further added to water in the ratio of 1:8:8 to culture for 12-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: The temperature for culture is 15 degrees C, 28 degrees C or 30 degrees C and the time for culture is 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 days. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the airlift biological diesel oil ester exchange reactor, the outer wall of the fluid drop pipe (11) is set with a clamp sleeve; the constant temperature pool is connected to the clamp sleeve via the main water pipe and the water inlet; and the clamp sleeve is connected to the constant temperature pool via the main water outlet and water inlet to adjust the temperature in ester exchange reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: In the artificial wetland processing technology for organic water and planting technology of non-food energy plant with high yield, the germchit is the germchit of Canna edulis and Pennisetum hydridum; the cladding is grate or carbon slag with cellular surface; the non-food energy plant is Canna edulis and Pennisetum hydridum, and Canna; the feed for the culturing worm is methane slag, straw, water hyacinth, or excrement of human, stock, and poultry; and methane lamps are arranged in solar energy greenhouse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Solid fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): potassium carbonate (0-2), potassium bicarbonate (1-4), citric acid (5-8.6), monopotassium phosphate (2-5), poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (0.2-4), zinc sulfate (0.001-0.005), manganese sulfate (0.001-0.01), boric acid (0.001-0.005), copper sulfate (0.001-0.002) and ferric sulfate (0.001-0.1). Preferred Process: The solid fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, citric acid, monopotassium phosphate, poly(ethylene glycol) 6000, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate and ferric sulfate uniformly. The mixture is processed by using tablet press to obtain tablet form of solid fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The solid fertilizer is applied to the root of flower plant and/or sprayed on leaves after dissolving it in water. No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The active compound comprises (in parts): medicated stone powder (15-20), diatomite powder (15-20), dicyandiamide (5-10) and brown coal (20-30). The fertilizer comprises pure nitrogen (19.6-23.5 wt.%), phosphorus nitride (9.6-14.4 wt.%) and potassium oxide (10-15 wt.%). Lime nitrogen comprises (in wt.%): nitrogen (17-23) and calcium oxide (40-50). Brown coal is natural brown coal, which contains 30-50 wt.% of humic acid. Nitrogenous fertilizer is large particles of urea. The phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate or their mixture. Potassium fertilizer contains potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the cylindrical device for continuously producing methane by two-stage fermentation, the U-shaped groove (14) is equipped with a hollow heating tube (15) which is round or rectangular; the two end faces of the hollow heating tube (15) are closed; the two end faces are respectively set with a hot water inlet interface (9) and an outlet interface (3); and the U-shaped groove (14) is also equipped with a temperature sensor (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nutrient compound contains (in weight%) urea (13-23), monopotassium phosphate (28-40), potassium sulfate (23-33), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (2-6), boric acid (2-6) and zeolite (6-18). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The culture medium (sterilized) comprises bacteria (at least 0.5 billions/g, preferably 0.2 billions/g) and organic substance (30%). The moisture content of the culture medium is 20% and pH is 6.5-8.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The solid efficient microbial fermentation bacteria is prepared by (a) obtaining tobacco, corn, wheat straws, pond sludge, soil with dry branches and fallen leaves, and livestock excrements to screen the efficient microbial strain, (b) placing the obtained microbial strain in an aseptic triangular flask and washing the flask using aseptic normal saline, uniformly stirring the materials in the flask to prepare the suspension liquid, (c) inoculating the obtained suspension liquid into a culture bottle, culturing the mixture at 28-30 degrees C at rotation speed of 180-220 rotation/minute to obtain the seed liquid of the bacterial strain, (d) inoculating the obtained seed liquid (1%) into the fermentation bottle and fermenting the seed liquid for 48 hours, and (e) mixing the fermented liquid and adding sterilized bran with fermented mixture in ratio of 1:1, drying the mixture after 24-72 hours of fermentation to prepare the solid efficient microbial fermentation bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The cake is chosen from soybean cake, peanut cake, cotton seed cake and rapeseed cake. The microorganism fermented inoculum is essential microorganism complex inoculum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A hydrogenation protecting agent having filling ratio of 1-30% or hydrogenation modified catalyst having filling ratio of 1-30% is provided on hydrogenation refined catalyst. Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation refined catalyst is non-noble metal loading catalyst. The carrier in the catalyst is alumina and/or silicon-aluminum carrier. The metal component on the carrier is non-noble metal of group VIB or VIII in periodic table, metal of group VIB chosen from molybdenum and tungsten, and/or metal of group VIII chosen from cobalt and nickel. The hydrogenation modified catalyst further comprises a carrier containing alumina and zeolite in mass ratio of 90:10-50:50, molybdenum and/or tungsten (10-35%) and nickel and/or cobalt (1-15%) on the carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel oil contains vegetable oil and/or animal fat (5-30%). The vegetable oil is palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, maize oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, castor oil, sesame oil, pepper oil, tea oil, coconut oil, olive oil, Pistacia chinensis oil, tung oil, turpentine oil and/or Chinese tallow. The animal fat is lard oil, butter, mutton fat and/or fish oil. The volume ratio of hydrogen and oil is 400-600 Nm3/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipase secretion microorganisms are microorganisms which consume and assimilate fatty acid. The lipase secretion bacteria are Burkholderia arbolis. The microorganisms which consume and assimilate hydrolysis product are Candida cylimdracea. The hydrolysis product is glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hot solids process further involves selecting CO2 as the pre-identified product; selecting a solid carbonaceous fuel as the specific fuel; selecting a first circulating bed reactor as the first reactor; selecting a second circulating bed reactor as the second reactor; selecting a calcium-based carrier as the predetermined carrier; effecting the conversion of the air and of the predetermined calcium-based earner in the second circulating bed reactor to produce a predefined calcium-based output; selecting CO or H2 syngas as the pre-identified product; and selecting a solid carbonaceous fuel as the specific fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fluidized bed is operated at 200-380 degrees C, preferably 220-350 degrees C, which is heated by indirect heat exchange. The fluidization of fluidized bed is performed by air, inert gas or carbon dioxide or recirculated process gas or their mixture. The oxidation or partial oxidation of pyrolysis gas is performed by oxygen-containing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst layer is a material consisting of titanium oxide, iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tin oxide, cobalt oxide (CoOx), where x is 0.5-2, manganese oxide, iridium and/or ruthenium. The corrosion-inhibiting barrier layer is a material consisting of titanium oxide, manganese oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and/or silicon nitride. The conductive base anode is made of a material consisting of silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, cadmium sulfide and/or cadmium selenide, and is made of a material consisting of titanium, aluminum, titanium nitride, iridium, palladium, platinum, nickel, ruthenium, tantalum, oxides of iridium, palladium, platinum, nickel, metal silicides, and/or metal germanides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The to-be-gasified raw material is high-potassium-content raw material which when combusted by incineration provides ash containing potassium (8 wt.% or more).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The plant further comprises: esterification unit to react the biofuel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin; a line for supplying the glycerin to the pentose conversion unit; and a hexose depolymerization unit for removing hexose from the remainder to form a reduced remainder; and a hexose conversion unit for converting hexose to a biofuel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of converting the pentose to biofuel material comprises a microorganism process, an algae process, a bacterial process, a fungal process, and/or free enzyme process. The process further comprises: consuming the remainder to produce energy; depolymerizing hexose from the remainder, and converting the hexose to a biofuel material; reacting the biodiesel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin; converting the glycerin to additional biodiesel material. The pentose depolymerization unit uses an acidic process, a basic process, an enzymatic process, and/or a solvent process. The pentose conversion unit uses a microorganism. The stream comprises a pentose content of at least 50% (preferably 70%) of the total sugars from the depolymerizing step. Preferred Components: The remainder comprises cellulose or lignin. The biofuel material comprises biogasoline material or biodiesel material. The biodiesel material comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters, triglycerides, and/or alkanes. The alcohol-based material comprises ethanol or methanol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The deoxygenating catalyst or the hydroconversion catalyst is a glass-ceramic material. The deoxygenation catalyst is sulfided cobalt-molybdenum, sulfided nickel-molybdenum, catalytically-active glass-ceramics, bauxite, and/or char.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A portion of the methane product stream is introduced into a steam reformer in which the methane is reformed, producing reformer CO2 and reformer H2. The hydropyrolysis is carried out at a weight hourly space velocity of 0.2-10 g biomass/g catalyst/hour. The hydroconversion is carried out at a weight hourly space velocity of 0.2-3 g biomass/g catalyst/hour. A gas residence time in the hydropyrolysis reactor vessel is less than 1 minute. A hot gas filter pre-heated by injection of mixtures or single selected adsorbents is used to remove selected impurities from the gas exiting the hydropyrolysis reactor vessel or the hydroconversion reactor vessel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organism which is harmful to river and lake is blue-green algae, Eichhornia crassipes or Alternanthera philoxeroides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Green bioactive organic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): sludge (15), garbage soil powder (10), livestock manure (30), stalk powder (20), cake (8), feather powder (8), amino acid powder (7), complex enzyme (0.8), first group of bacterial strain (0.6) and second group of bacterial strain (0.6). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amendment comprises alkali metal compound and/or alkali earth metal compound; vitamin(s); protein(s) or material(s) containing protein; organic acid(s); an alkali metal or alkali earth metal salt of an organic acid; glycerol, glyceryl triacetate, ethyl lactate, or polyoxyethylene; and tracer compound(s). The alkali metal compound or alkali earth metal compound comprises a halide salt selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride; or phosphate salt selected from sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium triphosphate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium phosphate. The carbonaceous material comprises coal, oil, carbonaceous shale, oil shale, tar sands, tar, lignite, kerogen, bitumen, and/or peat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vitamin comprises vitamin B12, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, pantothenic acid or folate. The protein or material containing protein comprises milk proteins, casein hydrolyzates, soy protein, peptones, yeast extract, or Brewer's yeast. The organic acid comprises formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid or decanoic acid. The alkali metal or alkali earth metal salt of an organic acid comprises a sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium salt of the organic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermenting agent is Bacillus subtilis powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixture A comprises (pts.wt.) chicken manure (50), edible mushroom residue (10), bran (15), straw powder (10), stillage (10), edible salt (1) and B. subtilis powder (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Plastic film and plastic woven bag are used to pack the material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pesticide comprises (in wt.%) either: rotenone (30), streptomycin sulfate (20), a wetting agent sodium lignin sulfonate (8), a binding agent polyvinyl acetate (9), a disintegrating agent urea (15) and a carrier activated carclazyte (remaining portion); or rotenone (20), validamycin (20), a wetting agent sodium lignin sulfonate (8), a binding agent polyvinyl acetate (9), a disintegrating agent urea (15) and a carrier activated carclazyte (remaining portion). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The energy transduction medium in the ground-source heat pump is ethylene glycol, methanol and calcium chloride aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The amount of agricultural wastes is 20-30 vol.% of the total amount of living sludge and sludge. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline liquid is sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution. The preprocessed coking wastewater is coking wastewater which is pretreated by homogenization, oil separation and air floatation, where the water quality includes chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), phenol and cyanogen are 1500-3500, 150-350, 500-1000 and 20-40 mg/L, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cracking temperature in esterification of biodiesel esterification reactor is at 75-85 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used in the reaction is tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethene, tert-butyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, or n-hexane. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at - 40 to 60, preferably 0-10 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Mixture of excrement, urea and organic agriculture waste is also utilized in the preparation of fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Bentonite is also utilized in the preparation of organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The earthworm is red earthworm or wide earthworm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microelement comprises (in parts weight): potassium iodide (0.0083-0.0166), boric acid (0. 062-0.124), manganese sulfate (0.223-0.446), zinc sulfate (0.086-0.172), sodium molybdate (0.025-0.05), copper sulfate (0.0025-0.005) and cobalt chloride (0.0025-0.005). The iron salt comprises disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (0.15-0.30) and ferrous sulfate (0.05-0.10). The montricin is miconazole nitrate, having molecular formula of C18H16C14N3O4. Preferred Method: The fermentation is carried out for 10-15 days. The diameter of the conical material heap is 4-6 m and the height is 1.5-2.5 m. The sterilization is carried out for 1.5-2 hours at 121-126 degrees C and under pressure of 0.1-0.13 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrifying agent is mixture of nitric acid, sulfuric acid and nitrate in molar ratio of 1:(1-10):(0.1-10). The nitrate is sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate or magnesium nitrate. The molar ratio of amantadine hydrochloride, nitric acid and nitrate is 1:(1-10):(1-10). The alkali is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material is chosen from organic conditioner and swelling agent. The swelling agent is chosen from sawdust, rice bran and plant straw. The organic conditioner (in %mass): (25-35) is waste organic substance chosen from animal manure and tobacco powder. The swelling agent is chosen from mushroom residue (20-50) or dry pig manure (1-5) and sludge (50-80). The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the sludge windrow is 20:30. The moisture content of auxiliary material is 25-35% and the sludge windrow is 55-65%, and compositing density of the sludge windrow is 0.5-0.9%t/m3. The nutritious element is chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The nutritious element is added with trace element chosen from manganese and iron. The curing agent is chosen from lime, pulverized coal ash and alkaline laterite. Preferred Method: The method involves directly dispersing the CK21 bacteria on the granule surfaces of the sludge windrow, where the inoculation dosage is 2-5% of the total mass of the sludge windrow. The aerobic fermentation is processed in a semi-closed fermentor, where the powdered windrow obtained through the aerobic fermentation has width of 5 m, length of 120 m and height of 2.4 m. The windrow is overturned by an overturning device, where the overturning frequency in early period of the fermentation is once for every two days and the frequency in middle and later periods is once for every three days, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days. The aerobic fermentation is processed at 60-75 degrees C. The moisture content of the powdered windrow is 25-35%, and the ratio of the carbon to the nitrogen is 20:1. The dosage of the curing agent is 0.6-0.7 %mass of the powdered windrow. The dosage of second inoculated CK21 bacteria is 0.1 %mass of the powdered windrow. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic substrates are chosen from coconut husk, mushroom slag, turves and wood meal or its mixture. The inorganic substrates are chosen from leech and river sand or its mixture. Preferred Method: The nutrient solution is added after 4 in the afternoon when the temperature is low, entirely showering the nutrient solution with clean water in the morning of the same day when the nutrient solution is used for watering, and then washing the leaf with clean water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): fermented organic fertilizer (60-70, preferably 40-45, more preferably 43-45), urea (20-35, preferably 29-31), diammonium phosphate (10-28, preferably 8-12, more preferably 9-11), potassium chloride (8-11, preferably 9-11, or 14-16), zinc fertilizer (09-1.5, preferably 0.5-1, more preferably 0.5-0.6), boron fertilizer (0.3-0.5, preferably 0.4-0.5), 20% virus controlling solution (0.1-0.16, preferably 0.14-0.16) and DuPont Rynaxypyr (RTM: Anthranilic diamide) (68.75%) (0.15-0.21, preferably 0.19-0.21). The mixture obtained in preparing fermented organic fertilizer in step (c) has water content of 60-62 wt.%, carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25-26, and pH 7-7.2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Virucide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): decomposed organic substance (85, preferably 70), Trichoderma microbial agent (10-15, preferably 10) and Actinomycetes fermented liquor (10-15, preferably 5). Preferred Method: The aperture of the drilled hole is 3-5 cm, and height of the hole is equal to piled material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred components: The moisture content of the mixture in the fermented organic fertilizer is 60-62 wt.% with carbon/nitrogen of 25-26 and pH of 7-7.2. The nitrification inhibitor is 3,4- dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or dicyandiamide (DCD). Preferred composition: The organic-inorganic fertilizer comprises (in parts mass): fermented organic fertilizer (58-62), urea (5-7), ammonium sulfate (12-14), diammonium phosphate (5-7), potassium chloride (5-7), magnesium sulfate (4-5), ferrous sulfate (3-5) and nitrification inhibitor (0.02-0.04). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: charring a wooden barrel used in the process for producing an alcoholic product to form the charcoal; and/or obtaining the wood from a wooden barrel used in the process for producing an alcoholic product. In the method, the combustion fuel is formed from the combination of charcoal and wood. The method comprises: crushing the collected by-product, where the crushed by-product is pressed to form the briquette; and forming the briquettes so that they are suitable for use with barbeques and domestic fires. Preferred Components: The by-product is charcoal and/or wood. The alcoholic product is whisky. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Kitchen wastes or dried wastes from animal husbandries and seaweeds instead of wood are also filled in the combustion chamber.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The process comprises: growing a consortium containing three bacteria comprising Rhodococcus wratislaviensis CNCM I-4088, Rhodococcus aetherivorans CNCM I-4089 and Aquincola tertiaricarbonis CNCM I-2052 under aerobic conditions in the presence of a substrate containing the mixture as carbon source; and degrading at least a portion of the mixture by bacteria. The process comprises: developing the bacteria or bacteria consortium on a mineral or organic support in a biofilter or biobarrier system of adequate volume; introducing treated effluent with air or oxygen in the biofilter or biobarrier; and recovering the effluent with a reduced concentration of chemical substances. The bacteria or bacteria consortium is added as inoculum to a sludge obtained from purification station.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture includes compounds comprising alkanes, monoaromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers or nitrates. The mixture comprises octane, hexadecane, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, cyclohexanol, tert-butanol, cyclohexane, iso-octane, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or naphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The transformant is produced by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Transformant: The transformant comprises endogenous genes (a)-(c), that are highly expressed. The transformant further comprises alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme encoding gene derived from Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida. Preferred Genes: The gene (a) comprises base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 or 58, or base sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 or 58. The gene (b) comprises base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61, or base sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. The gene (c) comprises base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, or base sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62. The gene (d) comprises base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43 or 52, or base sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions with base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43 or 52. The gene (e) comprises base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or 46, or base sequences which hybridize under stringent conditions with base sequences of SEQ ID NO: 40 or 46. Preferred Method: The oxidation-reduction potential of the reaction culture medium in reduction condition is -100 to -500 mV. SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - The transformant is C.glutamicum R (FERM P-18976), ATCC 13032 or ATCC 13869, preferably C.glutamicum IBU1 (NITE BP-718), C.glutamicum IBU2 (NITE BP-719), C.glutamicum IBU3 (NITE BP-720) or C.glutamicum IBU4 (NITE BP-721) (claimed).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid rubber includes rubber components consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber. The rubber component of the uncrosslinked item of solid rubber consists of ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Material: The biomass used for manufacturing biodiesel is vegetable oil, vegetable fat, animal fat, fish tallow, recycled fat, vegetable fatty acid and animal fatty acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst further contains VIB group metal, VIII group metal, VIIB group metal, alkaline earth metal compound, alkali metal oxide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia, titania, silicon carbide, niobium oxide and aluminum phosphate. The catalyst contains 10-99 wt.% of phosphorus, and 1-90 wt.% of tungsten, molybdenum, platinum or palladium. Phosphorus is contained in form of molybdenum phosphide, palladium phosphide, iron phosphide, ruthenium phosphide, manganese phosphide, cobalt-nickel-molybdenum phosphide, cobalt-nickel phosphide, nickel-tungsten phosphide, molybdenum-tungsten phosphide and tungsten phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microbe: The exogenous microbe is chosen from lactic-acid bacteria, Pichia stipitis, Escherichia coli and hydrogen producing bacteria, preferably Escherichia coli. The reaction mixture contains 5-20 volume% inoculum of exogenous microbe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hard substrate contains component chosen from pentose and/or glycerol, xylose, arabinose, lyxose and/or ribose, and D-xylose and L-arabinose, preferably glycerol. Preferred Conditions: The reaction mixture is fermented at psychrophilic temperature, mesophilic temperature and thermophilic temperature. Preferred Process: The method involves performing hydrolysis (115) which converts complex molecules in hard substrate into simpler molecules, acidogenesis (122) which transforms simpler molecules into product containing fatty acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, performing acetogenesis (125) which converts obtained products into acetic acid, and methanogenesis (140) which converts acetic acid into methane. Preferred Equipment: The anaerobic fermentation is carried out in single-phase system chosen from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, upflow anaerobic filter processing system and anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor, or two-phase system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The apparatus is provided with a unit for recovering heavy metal salts as impurities from the separated residual water. The synthesis unit is adjusted to the crystallization temperature and crystallization pressure, and CBM hydrate is synthesized by crystallization reaction. The crystallization temperature is 0-30 degrees C and the crystallization pressure is 0-70 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The exhaust gas is contacted with biomass within the filling tank and biomass is dried before being supplied to the kiln. Biomass charcoal is cooled using exhaust gas cooled by contacting with biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydropyrolysis reactor vessel is a fluidized bed reactor containing a fluidized bed and a gas residence time in the hydropyrolysis reactor vessel is less than 1 minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydroconversion catalyst catalyzes both a water-gas-shift reaction and hydroconversion. In the process, all steps (a)-(d) are carried out at a substantially same pressure (300-800 psig). The hydropyrolysis is carried out at 800-950 degrees F and the hydroconversion is carried out at 600-800 degrees F. The hydroconversion is carried out with a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.3-0.7. The char is removed from the fluidized bed reactor substantially only from above the fluidized bed. The char is removed from the partially deoxygenated pyrolysis liquid by bubbling gases output by the hydropyrolysis through a recirculating liquid using a high boiling point portion of substantially fully deoxygenated pyrolysis liquid. The output from the process consists essentially of liquid product and CO2. The deoxygenation catalyst is granulated and sufficiently resistant to attrition such that it attrits the char, thus enables removal of the char from the fluidized bed reactor substantially only from above the fluidized bed. In the process, 40-60% of oxygen in the biomass is converted to water and 40-60% of the oxygen is converted to CO and CO2. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves separating alkyl esters of the free fatty acids, and/or glycerides, from the reacted mixture; removing a least a portion of any water, any glycerin, and/or alcohol, that may be present in the reacted mixture, so as to give rise to a second reacted mixture; contacting the second reacted mixture with 1-4C alcohol and an acid catalyst; removing a least a portion of any water, any glycerin, and/or alcohol, that may be present in the second reacted mixture, so as to give rise to a third reacted mixture; contacting the third reacted mixture with 1-4C alcohol and an acid catalyst; removing a least a portion of any water, glycerin, and/or alcohol, that may be present in the third reacted mixture; at least partially neutralizing acid present in the reacted mixture. The method converts less than 100 (preferably 60%) of the free fatty acids, and/or glycerides, of the portion of a material to alkyl ester form. The separation comprises distillation. The portion of the material comprises trap grease, float grease, animal fat, first use oil, first use fat, used oil, and/or used fat. The alcohol has 1-4C. The alcohol comprises linear alcohol or branched alcohol. The portion of the process is performed in a continuous manner or batch manner. The portion of a material comprises acid (1-50, preferably 5-40, especially 10-40) g/liter. The ratio of free fatty acid to glyceride in the portion of a material is 1000:1-1:1000 (preferably 10:1-1:10). The ratio of free fatty acid to glyceride in the portion of a material is 1:1. The contacting occurs less than 60 (preferably 30, especially 10, particularly 1) minute. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reactant fuel material includes sodium silicide powder or sodium silica gel. The aqueous solution further comprises an additive including a coreactant, a flocculant, a corrosion inhibitor, a thermophysical additive, a base, and/or an acid. The reactant fuel material further comprises an additive including a coreactant, a flocculant, a corrosion inhibitor, a thermophysical additive, an acid, and/or a base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon impurity is alkanes, alkenes and/or aromatics. The alkane is 3-12C alkane. The intermediate comprises methyl iodide, acetic acid, methyl acetate and hydrocarbon impurity. The intermediate is alkane distillation bottoms stream. The extracting agent is 9-20C aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon. The catalyst is a rhodium catalyst. The catalyst stabilizer is triphenylphosphine oxide. Preferred Content: The concentration of water is 2-10 wt.% of reaction mixture. Preferred Process: The method comprising adding water to extraction and recycling heavy phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In preparing No.20 biodiesel from waste grease based on rectifying technique, the materials comprises 100 parts by volume of grease, 11-15 parts by volume of methanol, 0.2-0.4 parts by volume of sulfuric acid, and 0.1-0.25 parts by volume of pure base; where the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 93-98%. Preferred Conditions: The freezing point of the finished product in (f) is less than or equal to -20 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compounding quantity of the raw material is 0.5-80 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of elastomer components. The elastomer component is resin or rubber component. Preferred Property: The raw material has particle size of 600 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The mixture enzymolysis of (c) comprises adding the cellulose (10-30 FPIU/g substrate) to the enzymolysis substrate (in terms of dry basis) under the conditions that pH of the enzymolysis bottom water is 4.0-6.0 and the weight percentage of the enzymolysis substrate is 10-30%; and carrying out enzymolysis at 40-60 degrees C for 24-120 hours. In (b), cutting comprises cutting the stalks when its granularity is 0.01-50 mm, preferably 1-20 mm. Preferred Conditions: In (a), water washing is carried out for 10-120 minutes at 70-100 degrees C; acid washing is carried out for 10-100 minutes at 70-120 degrees C; and hydrolysis is carried out for 30-180 minutes at 100-130 degrees C; where the weight-to-volume ratio of corncobs and water is 1 kg:1-10 L; the weight-to-volume ratio of corncobs and acid washing solution is 1 kg:1-10 L; and the used acid is sulfuric acid with concentration of 0.01-1 wt.%. In (b), hydrolysis is carried out for 30-180 minutes at 100-150 degrees C; where the used base is sodium hydroxide with concentration of 0.05-5%; the weight-to-volume ratio of stalks and acid washing solution is 1 kg:1-10 L; and the stalks came from corns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: In circularly utilizing nitrogen source, the process in (a) comprises filtering, subsiding, settling or centrifuging fermented solution, and washing the fermented solution by physiological saline or purified water to obtain pre-processed waste cell; the process in (b) comprises ultrasonically crushing, dissolving in salt, hydrolyzing by enzyme or hydrolyzing by acid to obtain smashed cell solution, and centrifuging to obtain clear solution; and the process in (c) comprises adding hydrolyzed cell solution with the amount equal to content of total nitrogen needed by microbe fermentation, fermenting by microbe, and combining the hydrolyzed cell solution and other nutritious substances, where when ability of hydrolyzed cell solution for circularly utilizing nitrogen source reaches the limit, selecting a little yeast powder, corn pulp, soybean meal and other existing substances capable of being used as nitrogen source of fermentation medium; where the waste cell comprises waste cell obtained by preparing lactic acid, succinic acid and ethanol by fermentation.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The granule comprises (in %mass): agrochemical active components (5-25), biodegradable thermoplastic resin (50-70), and elution-in water stimulating material (7-32). Preferred Components: The elution-in water stimulating material is mineral and/or organic substance. The average diameter of the material is 20-200 mu m. Preferred Method: The agrochemical active component and elution-in water stimulating material is added to melted biodegradable thermoplastic resin and mixed uniformly, where the elution-in water stimulating material penetrates through the resin matrix and changes the internal structure of the resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The biodegradable thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyethylene succinate, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polycaprolactone/butylene succinate and polybutylene succinate/adipate. ACTIVITY - Molluscicide. In an in vitro test for controlling fresh water spiral shell, using active component e.g. 1,3-dicarbamoyl thio-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-propane hydrochloride (1 kg/10 acre paddy field) reduced fresh water spiral shell to 88 in nine days, when compared to spiral shell present in initial stage (162).    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The granule is dispersed directly to the flooded paddy field (claimed).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The TCM containing active component is fructus cnidii, rhizoma Picrorhiza, costustoot, radix asparagi, licorice, pomegranate, fennel, fringed pink, Artemisia argyi, wild pepper, rhizome cibotii, Houttuynia cordata, Areca nut, Chinese Pulsatilla root, Stemona tuberosa, folium sennae, Melia azedarach, semen pharbitidis, cucurbitae semina, Polygonum aviculare, Cyrtomium fortunei, or fructus evodiae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The PBS copolymer is binary acid and dihydric alcohol except succinic acid and butanediol. ACTIVITY - Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer is also composed of 0.2 wt.% of activator. Sulfuric acid is diluted sulfuric acid. Amino acid is also utilized during the preparation of fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Methane of all the septic tanks is extracted. The night soil liquid temperature is higher than 100 degrees C in the combustion boiler. The night soil liquid is distilled, dehydrated, cooled and dried.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The straw is steamed at a pressure of 0.6-1.5 MPa for 1-12 minutes. The solid-state fermentation is performed by mixing carbon to nitrogen in the ratio of 30:1-60:1 (weight/weight) at 20-55 degrees C for 10-26 days. The thermal value of the molded fuel is 13-26 MJ/kg, moisture content is 5-33% and ash melting point is 900-1350 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid is more than 98%. The industrial sludge comprises metal, residual slag, residual liquid and sludge produced during chemical polishing of the plastic material. The water content of the industrial sludge is 80-85%. Preferred Conditions: The product is continuously mixed for 5-15 minutes by two-axle stirrer. The continuous aging time is 3-15 days. Preferred Apparatus: The dewatering device is a vacuum dewatering device. The drying device is a drum drier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves inoculating Trichoderma into preprocessed straw, fermenting the preprocessed straw in an aerobic condition at ambient temperature for 7 days and inoculating methanogen and/or P.aeruginosa into the fermented preprocessed straw, and fermenting microorganism in anaerobic condition at 40-50 degrees C for 7-14 days, preferably 7-8 days. The inoculation amount of Trichoderma, methanogen and/or P.aeruginosa to the fermentation tank is 10-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The temperature of hot water is 70-90 degrees C . The dried material is extracted for 30 minutes (2-3 times). The method involves adding ZTC clarifying agent chosen from ZTC component A (1.2 g/l) and ZTC component B (0.6 g/l) to the condensed liquid.The macroporous adsorbent resin is HPD-100, AB-8, NKA-9, S-8 or CAD-40. The weight ratio of extract and resin is 1:1-1:2 kg/l. The content of ethanol used for eluting the fraction is 0-50%. The size of silica particle is 45-75 microns. The quantity of silica gel used is 15-20 times with respect to sample. The ratio of chloroform and chloroform-methanol mixture is 7:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding 10 g of petroleum polluted soil in 250 ml conical flask, mixing the soil completely with 100 l of bacteria-free physiological saline, adding 1 ml of upper clear liquid into enriched culture medium, culturing the bacteria for 7-10 days, introducing 1 ml of culture liquid into liquid enriched cultured medium, and enriching the suspension thrice to obtain petroleum degrading bacteria. Preferred Components: The enriched culture medium (pH 7-7.2) comprises (in g/l): diesel fuel (1), sodium nitrate (3), dipotassium phosphate (0.5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5), potassium chloride (0.5), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.001) and calcium chloride (0.002). The solid enriched culture medium contains 15 g/l agar added into liquid enriched culturing medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (a) is performed using a water gas shift catalyst and the HCN/COS reactor is a shift reactor, to additionally react at least part of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The steam/water to carbon monoxide molar ratio in the feed synthesis gas stream as it enters the shift reactor is 0.2:1 to 0.9:1. The temperature of feed synthesis gas stream as it enters the shift reactor is 190-230 degrees C. The feed synthesis gas stream comprises at least 50 vol.% of carbon monoxide, on a dry basis. In the step (c) carbon dioxide is removed by contacting the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulfide with an absorbing liquid at low temperature and at elevated pressure, thus transferring carbon dioxide from the gas streams to the absorbing liquid to obtain absorbing liquid enriched in carbon dioxide and the purified gas stream. In step (c) carbon dioxide is removed using a membrane, or by cooling the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulfide to a temperature at which carbon dioxide will separate from the gas streams. The purified synthesis gas stream is used in a combustion turbine to produce electricity. Hot exhaust gas is emitted from the combustion turbine and this hot exhaust gas is introduced into a heat recovery steam generator unit to produce a steam, which steam is used to produce additional electricity. The gas stream enriched in CO2 is at a pressure of 5-50 (preferably 10-50, especially 20-50) bars. The gas stream enriched in CO2 is further pressurized and injected into a subterranean formation, preferably for use in enhanced oil recovery or for storage into an aquifer reservoir or for storage into an empty oil reservoir. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: A gas for cooling is supplied from bottom portion or side lower portion of furnace. The tar is separated from exhaust gas, and blown into furnace with hot air. Preferred Apparatus: The manufacturing apparatus further has a separator for separating gas component and tar from exhaust gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Tar separated from gas is supplied to the filling tank and/or furnace. Hot air (5) generated by burning the gas is supplied to the furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The phage is delivered through a medium that coats at least a portion of the water system. The phage is injected into a water system in a small discrete amount that maintains an initial high concentration of phage in the vicinity of the injection. The phage is delivered in a multi-panel consisting of at least two phages virulent for each of two target bacteria stains. At least one of the virulent phage is isolated from a source in which the virulent phage coexists with its corresponding target bacteria. The enriched phage is concentrated and freeze dried before injected into the water system. The method of identifying the virulent phage is accomplished by: identifying the bacteria strain and empirically applying a phage sample until a kill of the bacteria is obtained; or empirically finding a matching killer phage from separately collected or stored phage samples. The water system is subjected to the phage by injecting virulent phage in small discrete amounts that maintain an initial high concentration of phage in the vicinity of the injection. The virulent phage first applied is monitored, when loss of effectiveness is determined identifying additional virulent phage to be added to the water source to effect a reduction of bacteria. Preferred Components: The phage is present in the water system of at least 1 x 105 cfu/ml. The multi-panel comprises phage at at least 1 x 107 cfu/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mobile laboratory comprises a tangential flow filtration system for separation of bacteria and/or phage; and a means for sterilization to kill bacteria and phage in the side loop and other equipment before and after use. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The natural carbohydrate derivative can be 1-4 wt.% glucosamine. Pectin is preferably from apple, in amount at 1-4 wt.% (dry weight). Gum Karaya is present at 1-4 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the composition is by immersion, spraying, painting, or mixed with a fertilizer (claimed). No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Before a reactor train is idled, the hydrogen (H2) content inside methanol reactor is boosted by adding syngas with higher H2/carbon monoxide ratio from solar driven reactor, or adding supplemental H2 from H2 storage supply to ensure that a reducing atmosphere is maintained within the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is water-insoluble. The catalyst comprises acid; zeolite including Y-zeolite and/or ZSM-5 zeolite; alumina preferably gamma -alumina; solid base including hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite like material, clay, layered hydroxy salt, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and/or mixed metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid biomass comprising cellulose is a lignocellulosic biomass material. Preferred Method: The demineralization step comprises contacting solid biomass with solvent to dissolve at least part of minerals present in solid biomass; and at least partially removing solvent the solid biomass. The solvent is aqueous solvent having pH of less than 7. The step improving accessibility of solid biomass comprises contacting solid biomass with fluid under pressure, and subsequently releasing pressure; and heating solid biomass to temperature of 90-300 (preferably 110-200) degrees C. The solvent is used as at least a portion of fluid. The heating process is carried out in an oxygen-poor oxygen-free atmosphere. The solid biomass comprises water, and heating is carried out under autogenous pressure. The method further comprises precipitously releasing autogenous pressure. The pyrolysis step is carried out in the presence of a catalyst. Preferred Components: The solvent comprises chelant; acid including mineral acid and organic acid, preferably citric acid; acidic pyrolysis products of the solid biomass; and phosphate. The bio-oil has Total Acid Number (TAN) of less than 30, preferably less than 5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises citric acid triethyl ester and/or citric acid tributyl ester. (I) and the conventional heating materials or motor fuels are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1-99%, preferably 5-20%. The conventional heating material or motor fuel comprises diesel fuels, heating oil, kerosene, liquid and solid hydrocarbons, vegetable- and animal-oils and -fats or fatty acids methyl esters. The derivative of (I) contains linear or branched alkyl or acyl at the free alcohol group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The cyanogen is decomposed by a noncatalytic wet-oxidation process. The chemical oxygen demand/ammonia is removed by catalytic wet oxidation method (II), stripping method or biological treatment method. Denitrification of biologically treated water is carried out using autotrophic denitrifying bacterium, ammonia ion as electron donor and nitrite ion as electron acceptor. Calcium compound is added to wastewater, and produced poorly soluble calcium fluoride is separated and removed. Magnesium compound is added to wastewater, fluorine ion is adsorbed to magnesium hydroxide, and fluorine ion is removed. Aluminum compound is added to wastewater, fluorine ion is adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide, and ion is removed. The pH of fluorine-removed treated water is adjusted to neutral condition, hydrogen peroxide is added as oxidizing agent (QQ), and heated to decompose cyanogen. The pH of wastewater is adjusted to 5 or less and wastewater is contacted with iron. Selenic acid (RR) is reduced, and selenium precipitate is co-precipitated, and agglomerated with iron ion. Wastewater is contacted with titanium metal, aluminum, zinc, tin, their alloy or their mixture, selenium is reduced and other metal is eluted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Biomass is injected from top portion or side upper portion of vertical furnace. Hot air is blown from bottom portion of furnace, and biomass is carbonized. The exhaust gas containing tar is discharged from top portion or side upper portion of furnace. Portion(s) of tar is contacted with biomass and/or biomass charcoal, and converted to carbide. Portion(s) of tar and hot air are supplied to furnace. A gas for cooling is supplied from bottom portion or side lower portion of furnace. The tar is separated from exhaust gas, and blown into furnace with hot air. The carbonization temperature is 300-700 degrees C. The exhaust gas temperature is 50-300 degrees C. Hot air is anoxia, or low-oxygen gas, and has temperature of 400-1200 degrees C. The biomass is dry-distilled at 450-700 degrees C, and dry distillation biomass having specific surface area of 10 m2/g or more is produced. The gas and tar produced during distillation are contacted, and adhesion precipitation of carbon content in gas and tar is carried out with respect to biomass at 450-700 degrees C. The adhesion precipitation is carried out in filled layer or moving bed caulking furnace. The gas and tar generated by dry distillation in one pyrolysis furnace are contacted with biomass in other pyrolysis furnace. The dry distillation temperature and residence time of biomass in pyrolysis furnace are 400-800 degrees C and 30 minutes or more, respectively. Preferred Apparatus: The manufacturing apparatus further has a separator for separating gas component and tar from exhaust gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The base material is porous base material consisting of fibrous porous base material or sintered compact. The base material consists of titanium. Oxide of tin is added to catalyst layer. The sol-gel process is dip coat method. The solution further contains ion of tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The waste sludge is chosen from waste coating-material sludge, waste solvent distillation residue, waste grease, oil sludge, waste ink, and waste clay. The waste oil absorber is chosen from crushed material, wood chips, waste polymer, waste sponge, wastepaper and sludge of waste tatami-mat. Preferred Process: The method further involves pulverizing such that the elongate dimension of indefinite shaped waste sludge in which the pulverization of the waste sludge remains, is 100 mm or less, and mixing adjustment waste oil with the waste oil absorber. Preferred Properties: The particle size of the aggregated-form waste oil in which the adjustment waste oil remains, is 15 mm or less, and the viscosity of waste oil is 3500 cP or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Crushing mixing is carried out after pulverizing waste sludge by disintegrator (2), such that elongate dimension of sludge is 100 mm or less. The crushed mixture is heat-stirred, and then mixed with waste oil absorber. Preferred Components: The waste sludge is coating material sludge, waste solvent distillation residue, waste grease, oil sludge, waste ink and/or waste clay. The waste oil absorber is crushed material, wood chip, waste polymer, waste sponge, waste paper and/or sludge of waste tatami-mat. Preferred Properties: The particle size and viscosity of aggregate-like waste oil, in which adjustment waste oil is remained are 15 mm or less and 3500 cP or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid fertilizer comprises sodium selenite solution (200-460, preferably 260, 460, or 280 mg/L) and monopotassium phosphate solution (100-200, preferably 120, 200, or 130 mg/L) at weight ratio of 1:1. ADMINISTRATION - The selenium-rich liquid fertilizer is applied at 50-70 kg/mu land by spraying (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 11-80% of cyazofamid and propineb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The strain in the step (a) is Bacillus subtilis. Preferred Composition: The ratio of waste sawdust and sludge from paper industry is 3:1-4:1 volume ratio. Preferred Method: The method involves uniformly mixing waste sawdust in the step (a) and coating the mixture by using an airtight material to carry out fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microorganism having laccase activity and manganese peroxidase activity is isolated from mushroom fruit bodies collected in Gunma. SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - The microorganism is M.candidus strain TAMA 113 or TAMA 114 (NITE P-701), or Gymnopus sp. strain TAMA 115 (claimed).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminosilicate is spin-dried aluminosilicate. The aluminosilicate is acidic aluminosilicate, when nucleophilic group is hydroxyl group, carboxyl group or thiol group. The aluminosilicate is neutral or basic aluminosilicate, when nucleophilic group is amino group. The acidic aluminosilicate is Y- or H-type crystal zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The obtained cyclic compound is extracted from aluminosilicate and recovered. Preferred Condition: The alkene compound is contacted with aluminosilicate by irradiating microwave under inert atmosphere in dark region. Preferred Definitions:    X=carboxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: In (c), the diluted hydrochloric acid with concentration of 0.1 mol/L or diluted sulfuric acid with concentration of 0.1 mol/L is used for regulating the pH value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The hexachlorocyclohexane soprocide is gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Preferred Method: The method for decomposing hexachlorocyclohexane soprocide comprises inoculating Sphingobium japonicum HZ-A1 with preservation number of CGMCC No.3539 into the system of hexachlorocyclohexane soprocide to culture at 15-45 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C; where the inoculation amount of the Sphingobium japonicum HZ-A1 with preservation number of CGMCC No.3539 is more than or equal to 100000 colony forming units (cfu)/g, preferably 100000 to 1000000 cfu/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight of ratio of clothianidin and phoxim is 1-30:5-65, preferably 5-15:10-50. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fly larvae is one or more of Musca sorbens, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya megacephala, L.cuprina, Calliphora erythrocephala, Muscina stabulans and Boettcherisca peregrina.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer: Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The content of organic substance is 20% or less. The organic fertilizer is prepared by stacking fecaluria of people and livestock, straw, weed and gasket materials. The microbial fertilizer contains biological bacterium (0.2 billion/kg or less). The microbial fertilizer comprises nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphor bacteria or potassium solubilizing bacteria. The ratio of nano-selenium plant nutrient, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer is 4-6:1.5-2.5:0.2-0.3. The nutrient composition is obtained by mixing and crushing the components. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The nutrient composition selenium (20-200 g/mu) is applied around root portion of pear tree during growing stage of leaves or blooming stage of pear tree by digging a groove with radius of 50-70 cm and depth of 10-20 cm (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass is straws, wheat straw hoods, cotton stalks, sorghum stalks, rice hulls, branches, saw dust, wood shavings, dregs of decoction, disposable dinner pail, foam, plastic bags, waste papers, coal and dry animal excrements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material drum is made of stainless steel or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activating agent is methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, methanesulfonyl chloride, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or carbonyldiimidazole. The polar aprotic solvent is dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl sulfoxide. The piperazidine is anhydrous piperazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion chamber is a combustion chamber of: a gas turbine and/or a reciprocating engine; an integrated-gasification-combined-cycle plant that works with/without co-production of liquid fuels; a biomass-to-liquids plant; or a coal-to-liquids plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pyrolysis water originates from separating the pyrolysis water from pyrolysis condensate. The separating of pyrolysis condensate is performed by fractionated condensation. The pyrolysis condensate originates from pyrolysis of biomass. The pyrolysis water is injected into the combustion chamber: continuously or discontinuously; and in liquid phase and/or in vapor phase. The composition and/or the properties of the pyrolysis water and/or the conditions in the combustion chamber are measured before injecting pyrolysis water into the combustion chamber. The quantity of pyrolysis water injected into the combustion chamber is regulated, depending on the measured composition of the pyrolysis water and/or on the measured conditions in the combustion chamber. The process further comprises injecting syngas into a combustion chamber, where the syngas originates from gasification: of a bio-oil fraction; by co-feeding a gasifier with a bio-oil fraction and coal; or of a bio-slurry and/or coal slurry, where the bio-oil fraction originates from separating pyrolysis condensate originating from pyrolysis of biomass, the pyrolysis char originates from pyrolysis of biomass, and the bio-slurry comprises pyrolysis char and a bio-oil fraction. Preferred Components: The pyrolysis water comprises at least one organic compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-sized zinc oxide particles have a surface area of 50-1000, preferably 150-600 m2/g. At least 90 wt.% of the nano-sized zinc oxide particles has a size of 1-40, preferably 5-10 nm. The fuel composition comprises 0.01-100 ppm of the nano-sized zinc oxide particles having a substantially spherical shape. Preferred Method: The method further comprises retaining the nano-sized zinc oxide particles in the engine oil in the internal combustion engine, thus reducing sliding friction between a piston and a cylinder wall of the engine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid fuel is ethanol fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives comprise homogeneous catalyst (preferably alkali metal compound or inorganic acid). The alkali metal compound is a sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the whole transesterification reaction is carried out in a high gravity reactor. The oils and additives are heated to arrive at 40-100 degrees C. The oils and the additives acting as reactants are injected into a rotating packed bed of the high gravity reactor, and sprayed to the inner edge of the rotating packed bed through bored holes of individual distributors, and delivered by a centrifugal force to pass through stainless steel filler where the oils are converted in the transesterification reaction with the additives. The high gravity field comprises a centrifugal acceleration of 50-10000 m/s2. The rotation speed of the rotating packed bed is 300-1500 rpm. The phase separation is carried out on a rigid baffle installed in an inner side of the peripheral wall of the high gravity reactor. The post-treatments comprise at least one of separating, neutralizing, washing and distilling. Preferred Components: The oils comprise triglyceride, and/or organic acid. The triglyceride is selected from olive oil, canola oil, tung oil, rapeseed oil, Chinese tallow tree oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, ricinus oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, coconut oil, jatropha oil, algae oil, tallow oil, lard oil and sunflower oil. The organic acid is selected from stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The additives comprise an alcohol (preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal or metal oxide catalyst is titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicon carbide comprises polymeric material such as polycarbosilane or polyvinyl silane. The solvent for dissolving polymeric material is cyclohexane, toluene, or benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-insoluble fatty acid is water-insoluble fatty-acid salt generated when the fatty acid contained in the crude glycerin or the fatty-acid mixture is coupled with a cation. The cation is metal ion of bivalence or trivalence. Preferred Process: The water-insoluble fatty-acid material is purified by isolating a portion or all of water and soluble constituent from the suspension liquid containing dispersed water-insoluble fatty acid using high-voltage dispersion apparatus, after refining process and/or high dispersion process. The particles of the water-insoluble fatty-acid material are coated with a film material. The fuel is mixed with other material, solidified and pressurized into predetermined size and shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film material comprises ether derivative of cellulose, or organic acid ester derivative of cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The rearing substrate is made up of an artificial mixture of yeast powder and various particulate sized pieces of vermiculite, plus a proportion of sterile dried fruit particles. The ratio of the individual predators and the factitious host is 1:10-1:100. Preferred Method: The mite composition is maintained at 20-25 degrees C and 75-85% relative humidity. It is maintained in a three dimensional bulk form, suitable for development of the predator and its prey, providing arrangements for oxygen exchange. The mite composition is contained in a rearing container having such a construction to permit exit of the mobile life stages of the predator phytoseiid mite species. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The mite composition is distributed on the crop using a rearing container having such a construction to permit exit of the mobile life stages of the predator phytoseiid mite species, for direct sprinkler application over crops or for hanging directly upon individual plants (claimed). Small quantities (i.e. 50-100 g) of the active substrate are placed in sachets made of a breathable paper, supplied with small exit holes from which the predators can emerge and small hooks, so that the sachets can be hung at required intervals on individual plants, where sachet can remain active from 1 to 4 weeks.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacteria belongs to Burkholderia genus such as B. multivorans SB-B strain (FERM P-21782) and B. multivorans SB-B strain (FERM P-21783).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The stainless steel is SUS304 or at least one or more kinds of SUS316. The carbon dioxide supplying unit and the ammonia supplying unit are composting unit. The water supplying unit is a heat exchanger connected to an exhaust side from the composting apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material oil is vegetable oil. The catalyst is a solid catalyst which consists of alkali catalyst, acidic catalyst, enzyme and ion exchange resin. Preferred Process: The transesterification reaction is the process of mixing solution containing raw material oil, organic solvent and lower-alkyl alcohol, and solution containing catalyst. The process of mixing solution obtained by adding lower-alkyl alcohol and solution including catalyst is a multistep process. The reaction solution containing fatty-acid alkyl ester which is obtained after transesterification reaction is left still, subjected to stationary separation process and separated into fatty-acid alkyl ester phase containing fatty-acid alkyl ester, lower-alkyl alcohol and organic solvent, and glycerin phase. The manufacturing method of fatty-acid alkyl ester further involves recovering lower-alkyl alcohol and organic solvent from fatty-acid alkyl ester phase, and adding recovered lower-alkyl alcohol and organic solvent to solution containing raw material oil. Preferred Component: The system further has separation unit to separate organic solvent and lower-alkyl alcohol from fatty-acid alkyl ester in fatty-acid alkyl ester phase separated by stationary separation unit, and a return unit to return the separated organic solvent and lower-alkyl alcohol to raw material oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fermentation liquor is a mixture containing lactic acid, residual sugar, proteins and thallus, from the industrial vinasse or cooking waste or food processing waste which has been fermented to produce lactic acid. The method for separating solid and liquid uses the decantation method or plate framework press filtering method. The membrane purifying step for lactic acid uses electroosmosis method. The fermenting process includes crushing organic waste; adding flocculate (10-20 dry wt.%) and water, where the ratio of water to solid is 1: 2-10 g/ml, where the solid amount is organic waste; adjusting water content and pH value of the fermenting system; sterilizing organic waste and saccharifying; adding Lactobacillus casei (0.4-2 wt.%); fermenting in anaerobic manner at 35 degrees C for 48-96 hours; separating solid and liquid to obtain fermentation liquid; pretreating; and purifying by electrolysis to obtain lactic acid. Preferred Component: The flocculating agent is chitosan flocculating agent or cation polyacrylamide organic flocculating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid particulate does not contain copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature of methanol and dimethyl ether is 300-400 degrees C. The reaction pressure of methanol and dimethyl ether is 3-7 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The mixing unit is static mixer or line mixer. The gas purification apparatus further has an absorption water circulation line to circulate absorption water in which carbon dioxide is diffused, through the absorption tower. Preferred Process: The absorption water is obtained by mixing alkaline solution. The carbon dioxide-containing gas is introduced from upper portion of the absorption tower, and the absorption water which absorbed carbon dioxide is extracted from the bottom portion of the absorption tower.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The gas component is methane, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and/or helium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The pig farm excrement sewage is precipitated by a settling pond, which separates the excrement sewage to an upper layer of clear liquid (thin sewage) and a bottom layer of precipitate (rich sewage). The anaerobic digestion is performed for the rich sewage by a biogas fermentation technique to generate biogas which is used for generating electricity. The electricity generating after heat or the combustion biogas is used for increasing and maintaining temperature in the rich sewage fermentation process to ensure that the fermentation temperature achieves the middle temperature (35 degrees C) or is close to the middle temperature (25-30 degrees C). The water from the rich sewage anaerobic digestion is used as farmland fertilizer, and is passed in the thin sewage treatment system to be treated with the thin sewage. The aerobic treatment is performed for the thin sewage by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) or anaerobic digestion is performed for the thin sewage by normal temperature biogas fermentation technique to generate the biogas. The water from the thin sewage anaerobic digestion is post-treated by natural treatment method e.g. artificial wetland or oxidation pond, and is qualified to discharge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second component of refrigerating agent further comprises 1,1-difluoroethane or dimethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil shale ash is ash residue obtained through low-temperature destructive distillation or burning. The alkali liquor is solution prepared from 10-30% sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate together with water. The dilute acid comprises 1-5% hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and/or phosphoric acid. Preferred Method: The deionized water washing step comprises washing acid-washed activated oil shale ash with deionized water to pH of 6-7. After drying (at 110-130 degrees C) and washing steps, the water content of oil shale ash is less than 12%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Purificant: The oil microorganism purificant comprises the following components according to weight percentages: 8% of Alcaligenes eutrophus, 8% of Bacillus cereus, 3% of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, 3% of filamentous fungi, 8% of Bacillus coagulans, 8% of Bacillus subtilis, 8% of methanogen and 54% of humic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic element supported by the carrier is rhodium. The complex oxide further contains zirconia. The content of ceria is 50-99 %mass. The total content of ceria and zirconia is 50-99 %mass. The number of full-micro regions in the complex oxide when the complex oxide is segmented into several micro regions having cross-sectional diameter of 1 nm or less is 90% or more. The total content of cerium and aluminum in the micro regions is plus minus 20%. The content of zirconium in the micro regions is plus minus 20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The calculated maximum pressure and predetermined target maximum pressure are compared. When maximum pressure is less than target maximum pressure, the content of biogas introduced into adsorption tower is increased, and when maximum pressure is more than the target maximum pressure, the content of biogas introduced into adsorption tower is reduced. The adjustment of the content of biogas introduced into adsorption tower is performed by controlling the rotation speed of compressor (11) which compresses biogas introduced into adsorption tower. The pressure of adsorption tower or product tank is measured at predetermined intervals, and pressure (P0) is less than pressures (P1 and P2), where P0 is initial pressure, P1 is the pressure measured after measuring initial pressure (P0) and P2 is pressure measured after measuring pressure (P1). The maximum pressure is calculated by measuring pressure of product tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of glycerin and activated clay is 10:1-17:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Hyphomicrobium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic halogen compound is dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The semi-drying oil is derived from vegetable oil chosen from rapeseed oil, canola oil and soybean oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The highly water absorbent substance is acrylate-based polymer. The urethane resin is obtained by using moisture-hardening aromatic polyisocyanate, castor oil or its derivatives, and polyols. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, benzene, methylbenzene, chlorobenzene, or dimethylbenzene. The emulsion is sorbitan monooleate, sodium lignin sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium dodecyl sulfate, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, macromolecular carboxylate, fatty acid amide p-anisaldehyde, gelatin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or naphthalene sulfonate. The dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium lignosulfonate, or sodium polyacrylate. The acidic pH adjusting agent is hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid-potassium chloride buffer solution, citric acid, or phosphoric acid. The alkali pH adjusting agent is triethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, or ammonia water. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The primary gas storing pot contains nitrogen and carbon-dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises waste ardealite, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, humic acid, and potassium sulfate in the weight ratio of 1000:6:3:8:12. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing the components, crushing the component mixture into powder, and passing the powdered mixture through a sieve, to obtain product having particle size of 200-400 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The temperature sensor is provided with three probe points inserted respectively into an upper layer, middle layer and lower layer of the windrow, and the probe point in the middle layer is connected with the temperature controller. The bottom of composite pile is equipped with partition board which is a wind chamber. The forced ventilation fan is arranged inside the wind chamber and ventilation holes are arranged on the partition board. Preferred Method: The method involves overturning the composting pile once every 3 days during the composting process. The aperture of ventilation hole on the partition board is 5 mm and its hole pitch is 10 cm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The water content is adjusted to 65-75% and the C/N is adjusted to 22/1. The amount of microbial composition is 0.3% of straw waste weight. The microbial composition is composed of B.subtilis, Clostridium and R.nigricans in weight ratio of 1:1:1. The temperature is 60-75 degrees C and the fermentation time is 10-15 days. The inner temperature is stabilized below 40 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The transition metal is chromium, cerium and/or iron. The amount of molecular sieve is 75-90 wt.%. The amount of titania is 10-25 wt.%. The molar ratio of chromium to silicon is 1:20-50. The molar ratio of cerium and iron to chromium is 1:5-10. The volume ratio of air and mixed gas is 1:20-50. The catalyzing bed deposited with sulfate is taken from reactor, roasted at 400-500 degrees C, bed is regenerated and gaseous product is obtained. The air speed of air tower is 0.1-1 m/minute. The stopping time of mixed gas supply to reactor is 1-10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The shaft is fixedly connected with spiral blade through bolts. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The reprocessing at the hydrolysis/acid formation reactor is processed with thermal, physical, chemical and/or biological treatments.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Features: The free space extends up to the edge of the gasifier housing and is preferably annular. The heat transfer medium is initially heated to its operating temperature without the introduction of biomass and then biomass is added for gasification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source gas is hydrocarbon gas or water vapor. The catalyst substance is nickel, platinum and ruthenium. The structure inner wall part consists of ceramics which are stabilized zirconias.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The suspended pesticide has a particle size distribution with a x50 value of 0.1-10 mu m. The pesticide is pyraclostrobin. Preferred Method: The method further comprises precipitating the pesticide or solidifying an emulsified melt of the pesticide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the salt present in the composition is at least 10 wt.%. The salt contains a hydrogen phosphate as anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polysaccharide is a fructan, a modified starch or a starch hydrolyzate. The protective colloid is a polysaccharide substituted with 6-18C-alkylcarbonyl- and/or 6-18C-alkylcarbamoyl groups. The amount of the protective colloid present in the composition is 0.001-20 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Herbicide; Insecticide; Acaricide; Plant growth regulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: pyraclostrobin (10); Inutec SP 1 (RTM: A powdery lauryl carbamate substituted inulin from chicory) (1); dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (30); and deionized water (59).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, manganese, zinc or lanthanides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The contacting step is carried out at 0-50 degrees C. Preferred Components: The gas mixture is refined petroleum, natural gas, town gas, biogas and/or flue gas. The bidentate organic compound is derived from di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid. The amine suitable for gas scrubbing is an amine compound of formula (R1N(R2)R3) or diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropylamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, 3-dimethylaminopropyl or homopiperazine. The partial pressure of at least one acid gas is at most 10 bar.Either R1-R3 = H or optionally branched 1-12C alkyl, where the alkyl has a carbon chain, which is interrupted several times by -O- or N(R4), and the alkyl is optionally substituted several times with OH or NH2; orR1R2N = 3-7 membered saturated heteroaliphatic ring, which optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms comprising O or N(R4) and optionally substituted with OH or NH2; orR1R2R3N = 7-11 membered saturated heteroaliphatic bicyclic ring, which optionally contains one or more additional heteroatoms comprising O or N(R4) and optionally substituted with OH or NH2; andR4 = H or optionally branched 1-6C alkyl.Provided that at least one of R1-R3 is other than hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-storing alloy is of formula MgaRbNicCodAle.R=Zr, Ca, rare earth, or mixed rare earth;a=0-16;b=0-2;c=0-5;d=0-1; ande=0-0.5.Provided that a, b=not simultaneously 0. Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-storing alloy is treated by hot alkali or acid to enhance its catalytic activity. The treatment of hot alkali comprises dipping the hydrogen-storing alloy with boronized surface in potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5-5 hours at 50-90 degrees C; filtering; washing with deionized water; and drying in vacuum at 70-90 degrees C for 6-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: Indoor unit is separated into a snow tank and a storage tank, carbon dioxide and methane are employed, air conditioned and pressure is applied to snow tank. Cold air in indoor is taken out when adding snow. Snow and a catalyst are added to snow tank. Catalyst is added to snow. Sunlight and wind force are used for motive power of fan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The case of hydrogen-producing unit contains diluted hydrochloric acid as reaction liquid, and zinc, aluminum and/or iron as metal, or acid or alkaline aqueous solution as reaction liquid and aluminum as metal. The fuel cell is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which contains methanol aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The substantially liquid composition contains an active ingredient comprising seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and crop protection products. The agricultural liquid composition is aqueous.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The oxobiodegradable polymeric material is oxo-biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. The oxo-biodegradable thermoplastic polymer is an oxo-biodegradable polyolefin, and preferably oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. The oxo-biodegradable polymeric material comprises a synthetic polymer and at least one transition metal salt. Preferred Process: The films are made of oxobiodegradable polyolefin and the heating temperature of the films is 100-120 degrees C. The process comprises heating the composition for reducing its viscosity, prior to the introduction of the composition for agricultural use in the parts of capsule. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The potato starch wastewater comprises 1.27-4.21 mg/L of total phosphorus, 45.53-52.46 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, 554.00-2830.00 mg/L of suspended substance, 0.37-0.83 g/L of soluble protein, 0.019-0.26% of total sugar, and 0.06-0.16% of fat; where the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 3612.32-43489.60 mg/L; and the pH is 5.45-6.24. Preferred Process: The process of recycling organic matter comprises adding 0.05-0.5% of emulsifier sodium carboxymethylcellulose, collecting foams, and drying to obtain the organic matter dry sample.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biodiesel stream containing impurities is produced from at least one of tallows, palm and palm oil blends, soy, canola, rapeseed, Camelina, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, algae oils, yellow grease or poultry fats. The method further comprises: filtering the retained biodiesel stream, where filtering the retained biodiesel stream comprises removing 95% of particles having a particle size of greater than 1 micron; and filtering the treated biodiesel stream, where filtering the treated biodiesel stream comprises heating the treated biodiesel stream to 70-120 degrees F and filtering to remove particles having a particle size of greater than 1 micron. Preferred Components: The biodiesel stream containing impurities comprises total glycerin (less than 0.24 wt.%) as determined by ASTM D6584. The biodiesel stream containing impurities comprises sterol glucosides, monoglycerides, water, soap and metals. The ion exchange resin is a solid acid catalyst capable of binding hydroxyl groups. The treated biodiesel stream comprises monoglycerides (less than 0.4 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol synthesis unit includes a fixed bed copper catalyst to produce the mixed alcohols, where the catalyst comprises copper oxide and zinc oxide, as an oxide precursor, which is transformed into a catalytically active state by reduction with the hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: separating carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas and sequestering the carbon dioxide; separating sulfur from the synthesis gas and converting the sulfur to sulfuric acid; increasing the relative amount of hydrogen in the synthesis gas using a water-gas shift; recovering the crude oil from the hydrocarbon bearing formation; separating the crude oil into gasoline and gas oil; adding the gas oil to the hydrocarbon fuel being gasified; mixing the gasoline with the mixed alcohols to form high octane gasoline; removing unreacted hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the mixed alcohols; returning the unreacted hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the alcohol synthesis unit; separating the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide from the synthesis gas; directing the carbon monoxide and a stoichiometric amount of the hydrogen to an alcohol synthesis unit; and directing water to the downhole gas combustion unit. In the method, the crude oil is separated into gasoline and gas oil using steam distillation. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon fuel comprises lignite coal and gas oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gaseous phase obtained in step (d) is recycled to step (b). The gaseous phase obtained in step (d) and (f) is washed with heavy gasoline. The gaseous phase obtained in step (d) is washed with dimethyl ether. The gaseous phase after washing with dimethyl ether is further washed with heavy gasoline. The gaseous phase obtained in step (d) is combined with the tail gas from step (f). The combined tail gas is washed with heavy gasoline and where the heavy gasoline after having been used as washing agent is combined with the liquid phase from step (d). The tail gas from step (f) is recycled to the liquid phase from step (d), subjected to combustion, and is sequestered. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The internal manufacturing processing component produces modified lignin materials including, activated carbon, lignin sulfonates, or other types of lignin-based products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The temperature of secondary conversion process is less than temperature of primary conversion process. Preferred Method: Water vapor is added during primary conversion and/or secondary conversion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aggregate is spherical. The crystalline substances have wedge shape and are oriented and have the acute end focusing on the spherical shape. The crystalline substance comprises zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The organic waste is expanded in volume by cooling (refrigeration) of waste material. The cooling is carried out at 0 degrees C to -20oC.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cooling unit utilizes liquid nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The cooling unit supplies cold air generated with the cooling device provided in the apparatus to the crushing unit. The cooling unit cools organic waste indirectly through the stirring screw provided in the crushing unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lower alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: (I) has more than one concavities. (I) has only two concavities and the two concavities are on the opposite sides of the tablet. Preferred Components: (II) is disposed entirely within only one of the two concavities. The concavity within which the component is disposed entirely has a depth as measured to the bottom of 0.1-3 (preferably 1-2) mm; and a size as measured at its maximum span of 0.5-5 (preferably 1.2-3) mm. The amount of the component disposed entirely within the concavity or at least one of the concavities of (I) is 0.001-20 (preferably 0.01-5) mg. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g): ibuprofen (200); lactose monohydrate (120); Avicel (RTM: Microcrystalline cellulose) (56); croscarmellose sodium (20); colloidal silicon dioxide (2); and magnesium stearate (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pulverized coal is pulverized smokeless coal, pulverized coke coal or pulverized bitumite coal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Method: The pretreatment of papermaking sludge comprises dehydrating and drying papermaking sludge until water content is 10-15%. The pretreatment of pulverized coal comprises grinding pulverized coal until grain diameter is 0.1-0.3 cm. The pretreatment of straw comprises sun-drying straw and grinding into 0.5-0.8 cm fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The high-pressure homogenization wall cracking is carried out at 20-30 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is vitamin E, natural rosemary, and/or ascorbic acid palmitate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The polluting flue gas contains greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, particulate material, and mercury. The greenhouse gases comprise sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, particulate material, and mercury. The particulate material is converted into inert slag by gasifying the bed of hot char. The step of pyrolyzing coal to produce a volatile material comprises cracking and desulfurizing the volatile material to produce a syngas, which is suitable to make into a chemical. The chemical is converted to methanol, which is converted into a transport fuel, such as gasoline. The carbon monoxide is utilized as a fuel to generate electric power; or chemical to make fertilizer i.e. oxamide, which is made from an intermediate, which is cyanogen, which is made from carbon monoxide. The particulate material is converted into inert slag by adding other particulate material in the form of ash and transforming the combined particulate material into an inert slag. The mercury is recovered by the char acting as a carbon collecting mechanism. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The carbon dioxide generated during bacterial decomposition process and combustion of undecomposed residue is supplied to greenhouse inner space. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the removing greenhouse gas removal and manufacturing bio energy, the aquatic plant is selected from Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros debilis, Chaetoceros didymus, Chaetoceros socialis, Ditylum brightwellii, Hemiaulus sinensis, Leptocylindrus danicus, Odontella aurita and the exhaust gas generated in the engine is supplied to the aquatic plant. It further comprises extracting the intercellular component using methyl acetate as solvent, drying, separating the saccharides (starch) and fatty acid, adding hexane and 85% methanol, separating with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), converting into biodiesel through transesterification process, and freeze drying at -90 to -70 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The oxidized slag is heat-treated at 600-1000 degrees C for 12-24 hours. The transesterification reaction is carried out for 6-9 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The repellent comprises a vaporizer, a treated mat, treated outerwear, an oil, a candle, or a wicked apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Euclidean distance comprises the nearest 500 compounds. The compound comprises a structure consisting of 4-6C aldehyde, 5-8C alcohol and/or 3-8C mono- or di-ketone. The 4-6C aldehyde is butanal, penatanal or hexanal. The 5-8C alcohol is pentanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, Z3-hexen-1-ol, Z2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexen-3-ol, 1-hepten-3-ol, 3-hexanol or 2-hexanol. The 3-8C mono- or di-ketone is a butanedione (2,3-butanedione) or a pentanedione. The compound is a member, as given in the specification. Preferred Method: The applying step is carried out by topically applying the compound of to the skin of a subject comprising a mammalian subject, a human subject or animal subject, which is a livestock animal. The applying step comprises: applying the repellant to the skin of the human subject; and application of the repellant to an article, which article is worn by the human subject. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the composition is in the form of a lotion, a cream, a spray or a dust (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The radical-trapping compound is 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one or quinone compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The membrane is provided with connection membrane for connecting several containers. The cultivating soil contains soluble silicon compound or silicon fertilizer. Preferred Method: The method involves placing the plant in the medium containing heavy metal which connects several containers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer for wheat comprises (in parts): biogas residue (90-93.5), humic acid (3-5), ammonium sulfate (1-2.5), potassium sulfate (1), ammonium phosphate (1), manganese sulfate (0.2-0.3), zinc sulfate (0.2-0.3) and boric acid (0.1). The fertilizer for vegetables comprises biogas residue (84.75-90.2), humic acid (5-10), ammonium sulfate (2-2.5), potassium sulfate (1), ammonium phosphate (1), manganese sulfate (0.3), zinc sulfate (0.25-0.3) and boric acid (0.2). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The pH of the spraying solution is 8 or more. The pH of mixed solution of spraying solution and nutrient solution is 9 or less. The residence time of biogas within the packed spray absorber is 1-2 minutes. The residence time of mixed solution within the biological filter tower is 20-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The photosynthetic bacteria is fermented and cultured under one or more light sources at wave length of 400-500 nm, 600-640 nm, 780-880 mm or color temperature (2650-10000 K) corresponding to white light, preferably 400-500 nm, 610-630 nm, 835-855 mm or color temperature (4500-10000 K) corresponding to white light. The light source is irradiated from single side, both sides or several sides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is two or more of malic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, pyroracemic acid, propanoic acid, benzoic acid, Vanilla acid, caproic acid and valeric acid. The light source is light-emitting diode (LED) light source. The light source is (i) composition of light source of wave length of 400-500 nm and light source of color temperature (2650-10000 K) corresponding to white light, (ii) composition of light source of wave length of 780-880 nm and light source of color temperature (2650-10000 K) corresponding to white light, (iii) composition of light source of wave length 400-500 nm and 600-640 nm, (iv) composition of light source of wave length of 400-500 nm and 780-880 nm, or (v) composition of light source of wave length of 400-500 nm and 780-880 nm. The power of the light source is 0.2-20 W. The pH of fermenting culture is 6-8, or temperature of fermenting culture is 28-35 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the additive is 50-10000 ppm. The weight ratio of component (b) and component (a) is 0.01-10:1, preferably 0.05-5:1. The component (b) is p-phenylenediamine type antioxidant or hindered phenol type antioxidant in which at least one tertiary butyl is adjacent to phenolic hydroxyl group, preferably N,N'-di-heptyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dioctyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)p-phenylenediamine, 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene bis(2-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-sulfo bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-sulfo bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenol-4-hydroxybenzyl)thioether. The phenolic group-containing organic acid is salicylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and/or 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid. The alkenyl succinimide is polyisobutylene-based succinimide, polypropylene-based succinimide, irregular or embedded polyethylene-based propenyl succinimide and/or polyisoprene-based succinimide. The additive further has component (c) which is a metal passivator. The weight ratio of component (a) and component (c) is 1:0.01-1. The component (c) is triazole and its derivative, Schiff base and/or organic polycarboxylic acid. The base diesel oil further contains other diesel oil which is chosen from petroleum diesel oil, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel oil, hydrogenated cracking biodiesel and oxygen-diesel oil mixture. The volume ratio of biodiesel and other diesel oil is 1:2-99.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the additive is 50-10000 ppm.The weight ratio of component (b) and component (a) is 0.01-10:1, preferably 0.05-5:1.The component (b) is p-phenylenediamine type antioxidant and hindered phenol type antioxidant with at least one tertiary butyl positioned at ortho-position of phenolic hydroxyl group, dialkyl-p-phenylenediamine and/or bisphenol type antioxidant connected by methylene or sulfur, N,N'-di-heptyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dioctyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methyheptyl)p-phenylenediamine, 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene bis(2-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-sulfo bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-sulfo-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) or bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfoether.The phenolic group-bearing organic acid is salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and/or 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid.The polyolefin phenol is polyisobutylene phenol.The 1-6C aldehyde is formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and/or cyclohexaldehyde.The polyethylene polyamine has structural formula: H2N((CH2)nNH)mH.n = 2-4;andm = 1-5.The additive further has component (c) which is a metal passivant.The weight ratio of component (a) and component (c) is 1:0.01-1.The component (c) is triazole and its derivative, Schiff base and/or organic polycarboxylic acid.The base diesel oil further contains other diesel oil which is chosen from petroleum diesel oil, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel oil, hydrogenated cracking biodiesel and oxygen-diesel oil mixture.The volume ratio of biodiesel and other diesel oil is 1:2-99.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is acetone, n-hexane or petroleum ether, preferably n-hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The bleeding sap is prepared by cutting the rattan from 60-80 cm away from the median root of the plant and inserting the rattan into a bottle, in which the rattan flows out the juice. The preparation of the aqueous extract of the Sophora flavescens Ait. radix comprises placing the radix (10 g) into water (500 ml), boiling for 20 minutes and concentrating the filtrate to 50 ml. The preparation of the aqueous extract of the Cnidium monnier fruit comprises placing the fruit (10 g) into water (500 ml), boiling for 20 minutes and concentrating the filtrate to 50 ml. The preparation of a spray of the Hemerocallis fulva comprises placing the Hemerocallis fulva (10 g) into water (500 ml), boiling for 20 minutes and concentrating the filtrate to 50 ml. Preferred Components: The bleeding sap is juice of a waste rattan of the Luffa acutangula after autumn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is at least one diacetyl tartaric acid or diglyceride, tripolyglycerol monostearate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol monolaurate or glycerol monocaprylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The endoglucanase, exoglucanase and beta -glucosidase are derived from F.pinicola. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis is performed using acid or saccharifying enzyme chosen from carbohydrase, cellulase, amylase and glucosidase. Preferred Microorganism: The ethanol-producing strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia stipitis, or Zymomonas mobilis, preferably S.cerevisiae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compound fertilizer is chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus acid, magnesium ferromanganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, potassium and micronutrient.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide is chosen from alumina, silica, kaolin or soil. The reaction product is citric acid soluble. The reaction product contains an amorphous phase. Preferred Method: The pot containing rigid balls and mill are used for mixing and pulverizing the compound fertilizer powder and oxide powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring fertilizing activity with respect to Welsh onion, plant height was found to be increased to 52.8 cm in culture soil and potassium sulfate ammonium phosphate 1 administered plant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves inoculating the microbial strain to Luria Bertani (LB) broth or yeast peptone glucose agar (YPGA) culture medium, culturing the microorganism at 30-37 degrees C for 12-16 hours, transferring the cultured microbial suspension to fermentation culture medium and again culturing at 30-37 degrees C for 24-36 hours, and mixing the microbial suspension with the biomass power plant ash in the ratio of 350l:900 Kg. The method further involves granulating and parching the obtained mixture. The granulation is performed by adding water to the mixture, the water content of the mixture is controlled at 30-40%. The parching is performed at 40 degrees C until the water content of the product is reduced to 10% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fermentation culture medium comprises carbon source, nitrogen source and nutritive salts. The carbon source is corn powder, starch, glucose or molasses. The nitrogen source is yeast extract, ammonium sulfate or soybean cake powder. The nutritive salt is potassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, manganese sulfate, calcium carbonate or zinc sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH of the biomass power plant ash is regulated to 7-8 by adding acids. The acids are chosen from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid and acetic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: There is a gap between the gas collecting head and the internal wall of the opening end of the reaction tank body. The opening end of the water discharging pipe is interconnected with the cavity in the reaction tank body by the gap. The gap is sealed with water sealing. The gas collecting head is funnel-shaped and the tail part extends to the outer part of the reaction tank body. The active sludge bed is composed of flocculent particle sludge. The flocculent particle sludge is formed by mixing microorganism, suspended substance and colloidal substances. The reaction area includes macromolecular organic substances, extracellular enzyme secreted by microorganism, sugar or disaccharide, titanium and amino acid, glycerol and fatty acid, methane bacteria, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The water content of the straw is regulated by percolation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The circulation kettle is provided with a heat exchanger and a central cylinder. The overflow tube is connected with the central cylinder whose lower end is provided with a water outlet tube. The central cylinder is provided with a central tube. The central tube and a feeding tube are respectively connected. The internal circumferential wall of the circulation kettle is provided with a guide plate. The lower portion of the fully mixing anaerobic reaction kettle is at least provided with two feeding holes that are separated from each other. The feeding holes are connected with the transmission pipeline. The circulation kettle is provided with a second transmission pipeline and a material transmission pump at the lower portion of the fully mixing anaerobic reaction kettle. The volume of the fully mixing anaerobic reaction kettle is 400-6000 m3. The volume of the circulation kettle is 1/10-1/20 of the volume of the fully mixing anaerobic reaction kettle. Preferred Method: The supernatant liquid overflowing to the circulation kettle is flow-driven into the central cylinder in the circulation kettle, and then to the bottom of the circulation kettle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The lignocellulose raw material includes lignocellulose dried material, or straw raw material obtained by immersing the lignocellulose dried material in dilute acid or dilute base (0.01-0.1 mol/l) at a ratio of 1:5-1:15 (kg/l) at 15-35 degrees C for 8-12 hours. Preferred Component: The lignocellulose material includes straw, corn core, broomcorn straw, cane slag or grass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dilute acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. The dilute base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high-calorific-value poly-carbon hydrocarbon is obtained by cracking and extracting from refined tar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The thermal insulation material is made of glass wool.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The methane chamber is made of steel or thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The methane chamber is made of plastic. The thermal insulation material is made of polyurethane or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The crop straws are corn straws, wheat straws or rice straws.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw complex bacterial agent is green straw bacteria agent for pre-treating straw. The accelerator is green straw methane generating accelerator. The inoculum is residual biogas, liquid biogas, and effervescent black sludge of sewer, pool or swarm or cow dropping with a water content of 82-85%. The water is taken from slurry, pool water, river water, tap water or water well.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The walls of each compost line exhibit precast concrete components, in which the line channels are arranged. The line channels are constructed by using pipe components that are used in the precast concrete components. The line channels exhibit degassing openings leading out from the inner side of the compost line. The degassing openings are formed on the precast concrete component. The line channels exhibit horizontal outlet opening in the upper cross sectional area of the wall. The outlet opening is formed on the precast concrete component. The walls exhibit guide rails constructed on its upper cross sectional area. The guide rails are formed by at least one profiled section in the upper cross sectional area. The walls exhibit at least one casing filled with in-situ concrete. The line channels are produced by using pipe components, which are fused in the in-situ concrete. The precast concrete components and the in-situ concrete are sealed with each other over a period. The pipe components used in the precast concrete component and the pipe components fused in the in-situ concrete are connected with each other by a connection assembly. The precast concrete component exhibits filler shafts and compression shafts leading on in-situ concrete.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal borohydride solid hydrogen storage material is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, or potassium borohydride. The aluminum base liquid hydrogen storage material is aluminum borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The extract is present at 1-70 (preferably 32-35) wt.%. Preferred Process: The extract is: obtained from the aerial parts of the dried and crushed Evodia suaveolens Scheff plants; and obtained from the leaves and Evodia suaveolens Scheff flowers. The extraction is carried out at a ratio of plant to the solvent of 1/1 to 1/20, preferably 1/5 to 1/10 in wt./vol. The temperature of the extraction solvent is greater than or equal to 15 degrees C. The maximum extraction temperature is reflux temperature of the extraction solvent. The extraction time is 30 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 3 or 4 hours, for each extraction step. The solid phase/liquid phase separation is carried out by filtration or centrifugation. The extract is: obtained by separation of the solid phase and the liquid phase, after at least one extraction step; concentrated by evaporation of the extraction solvent; bleached or refined; bleached by activated carbon, by acid earth or clay, or by molecular distillation or by extraction in supercritical carbon dioxide; purified; purified by liquid phase/liquid phase extraction between two immiscible solvents, by absorption on a support such as silica, and ion exchange resin, by precipitation, and by crystallization; and dissolved in a compatible solvent. The extract is titrated in evodone. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is alkane, ether-oxide, ester, alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbon, and/or carbon dioxide in supercritical state. The aqueous solvent is a hydroalcoholic solvent. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the composition is topical in the form of milk, gel, cream, lotion, emulsion, and spray (preferred) (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The sewage passes through coarse and fine screen and is sent to the collecting tank. The sewage is added with coagulant before being pumped to the pre-precipitating tank. Effluent of the contact oxidation tank is sent to the reaction tank and the reaction tank is added with coagulant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coagulant comprises polymeric aluminum and discoloring coagulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Method: Shutting down the water electrolysis apparatus further comprises stopping applying the voltage when the pressure in the cathode electrolysis chamber is equal to a pressure in the anode electrolysis chamber; and gradually lowering the voltage applied as the pressure in at least the cathode electrolysis chamber is lowered. The voltage applied is lowered depending on an amount of hydrogen cross leak from the cathode electrolysis chamber into the anode electrolysis chamber. Also, the voltage applied after the cathode electrolysis chamber stops supplying the hydrogen is lower than the electrolysis voltage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode electrolyte in the first compartment comprises carbon dioxide, which is provided by the industrial waste gas system, and hydroxide ions, carbonic acid, carbonate ions and/or bicarbonate ions. The third electrolyte comprises sodium ions and chloride ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Tetrahydroxo aluminate is alkali metal salt or alkaline-earth metal salt of tetrahydroxo aluminic acid, preferably calcium salt of tetrahydroxo aluminic acid. The hydrogen-producing method further uses alkaline substance excluding tetrahydroxo aluminate. The aluminum is sheet-like aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the device, the top and the bottom of the filtering filler bed are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet of the filtering filler. The top of the hydrolysis acid-produced reactor and the methane-produced reactor are provided with a gas exhaust port, a safe valve and a pressure meter, and the gas exhaust port is provided with a flow meter. The outer walls of the hydrolysis acid-produced reactor and the methane-produced reactor are provided with a temperature-rising jacket and an insulating layer. The thermometer and an acidometer are both arranged at the different heights of the hydrolysis acid-produced reactor and the methane-produced reactor. The sampling ports are arranged at the different heights of the hydrolysis acid-produced reactor and the methane-produced reactor. The inlet section of the circulation pump is provided with a branch pipeline for adding an anaerobic digestion inoculation mater, an acid-alkali adjusting agent and water into the methane-produced reactor. The infiltration fillers are wood blocks, or bamboo blocks, or plastics, or cobbles or the mixture; the filling filters can be cobbles, or ceramic fillers, or plastic fillers or the mixture; and the fiber fillers can be soft fiber fillers, or semi-soft fiber fillers or combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic material includes aluminum. The igniter includes thermite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The matrix includes nitrocellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The process stream contains 5-85 wt.%. The motor fuel grade ethanol (MFGE) product contains less than 5 wt.% water. The heating fluid is water vapor at 150-250 degrees C. The raffinate stream is in a vapor phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises generating heat of adsorption in the adsorption flow passage(s) of the first temperature controlled adsorber; providing a cooling fluid to the first temperature controlled adsorber; removing heat of adsorption by passing the cooling fluid through the heat transfer flow passage(s) to produce a heated cooling fluid; and providing heat from the heated cooling fluid to a heat sink. The method further comprises producing a cooled heating fluid during regenerating of the adsorptive material coating; and using the cooled heating fluid as the cooling fluid that is provided to the first temperature controlled adsorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed) : The method for producing transplastomic plant involves selecting a host plant, and transfecting one or more plastids of the host plant with a vector comprising genes encoding enzymes for the production of PHA. The genes are chosen for codon usage and gc content similar to the plastome of the host plant, untranslated regions (UTRs) with a sequence length of about 55 nucleotides or less, and total plastidial DNA content of 3% or less, where one or more UTRs which allow a high level of expression of the genes and sequence identity of the one or more UTRs with the host plastome is sufficiently low, such that after the vector is integrated into the host plastid, the rate of recombination of the vector sequences with the host plastome is reduced relative to a corresponding host plastid not transfected with the UTRs. Preferred Plant: The genes encoding enzymes for the production of PHA are chosen to have codon usage similar to the plastome of the host plant. The genes are modified or synthesized to improve codon usage for expression in the plastome of the host plant. The plant is engineered to express one or more genes chosen from phaA, phaB and phaC. The PHA is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). The feedstock comprises at least about 8% PHB throughout the whole plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the nickel-based biomass tar reforming catalyst comprises 20-28 wt.% of nickel oxide (NiO), 8-25 wt.% of cerium oxide (CeO2), and gamma -aluminum oxide as carrier. Preferred Components: The nickel salt is nickel acetate; the cerium salt is cerium acetate; and the aluminum salt is aluminum acetate. The water soluble weak alkali is potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the exotic soil used as revetment of plants in loess slope, the soil conditioner is at least one of peat soil, fungus dreg, and animal manure; where the peat soil has a screen hole of less than 1x 1 cm after drying and filtering; the sandy loess has a screen hole less than 1x 1 cm after drying and filtering; the water retention agent is granular polyacrylic acid water absorbent resin; the absorbent time is 300-500; the bonder is polyacrylamide having molecular weight of not less than 6 million; and the compound fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; where the weight percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and potassium oxide (K2O) are 15%, 15% and 15% respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fertilizer is obtained by soaking medicinal stone (1000 kg) using water (5000 kg) in cement container, loading the obtained solution into barrel, uniformly mixing radix euphorbiae lantu (3 kg) radix sophorae flavescentis (3 kg), Agkistrodon acutus (3 kg), licorice (1 kg), medical stone filtering water solution (100 kg) in a pan, cooking the mixture for 30-40 minutes, naturally cooling the cooked mixture to obtain bean curd bag, filtering the product, mixing and crushing (in %) urea (30), ammonium sulfate (39), monopotassium phosphate (20), boron sulfate (5), zinc sulfate (5), manganous sulfate (5), ammonium molybdate (5), humic acid (5) and amino acid (5), filling the above crushed mixture of edible vinegar (37), medicine liquid (1), amino acid (1), humic acid (1), urea, ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and inorganic salt, uniformly stirring the above crushed mixture, and placing the mixture for 25-30 days to obtain the product in the form of paste. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Antidote.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The liquid is culture solution of decomposition microorganisms. The decomposition microorganisms contain microorganisms of Hyphomicrobium genus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen concentration of culture solution is 100-4000 ppm, and phosphorus concentration is 100-3000 ppm. Preferred Component: The support has activated carbon as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic halogen compound is dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal compound is manganese chloride, lanthanum chloride, zirconium oxychloride, cerium chloride, yttrium nitrate, thulium nitrate, and/or vanadium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400 to polyethylene glycol 4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: After fermentation, the culture solution can be directly packaged in plastic packaging barrel or adsorbed on active carbon to make into solid microbial inoculum. Preferred Components: The fermentation culture medium comprises peptone (0.5%), yeast extract (0.1-1%), ferric orthophosphate (0.001%) and raw seawater. The DNA of bacteria has guanine+cytosine content of 49 mol%. The 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) sequence of bacteria comprises fully defined 1621 base pair sequence. Preferred Properties: The fermentation culture medium has pH of 7-7.5. The salt-resistant sewage-purifying bacteria have maximum salt resistant degree of 10%, pH of 5.5-10 (preferably 6-9), and growth temperature of 35-37 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The culture medium comprises (%) barn (5-15), rice chaff (5-20), cotton seed shell (30-50), bean cake powder (0.1-6), wheat powder (0.3-5), ammonium sulfate (0.2-2), dipotassium phosphate (0-0.5), magnesium sulfate (0-0.3), and water. Preferred Composition: The culture medium is prepared by sterilizing for 60-70 minutes; keeping at 121-125 degrees C and 0.12-0.2 MPa, cooling to 33 degrees C; inoculating 1-8% white rot fungi; controlling the culture room temperature to 28-33 degrees C, and culturing; after 5-9 days, adding attapulgite, turves, and kaolin; and absorbing, air drying, and crushing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The molten salt (20) is pure salt or its mixture, preferably carbonate salt, more preferably lithium and sodium carbonate salt mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The unconverted fuel compound is aromatic compound, long-chain carbon compound and/or sulfur compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass is photosynthetic biomass comprising organism chosen from algae and cyanobacteria, or heterotrophic biomass comprising organism chosen from microalgae, yeast and bacteria. Anaerobic digestion is carried out using methanogenic microorganism chosen from Methanosarcina spp. and Methanothrix spp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon is carbon dioxide or chemical carbon. The carbon source is chosen from organic chemicals, sewage, wastewater, manure and industrial effluent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The Brauner Emmet Teller (BET) specific surface area of nanoparticle is greater than or equal to 50 m2/g. Preferred Process: The nano-particles are formed by vacuum arc plasma vapor deposition of nickel-aluminum alloy ingot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises providing a first solid hydride powder and a second solid hydride powder to be mixed with the solid catalyst. Preferred Components: The first solid hydride powder is sodium borohydride. The second solid hydride powder (0.001-50 wt.%) is lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, potassium aluminum hydride, beryllium aluminum hydride, magnesium aluminum hydride, calcium aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, beryllium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, calcium borohydride, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, beryllium hydride, magnesium hydride, calcium hydride, aluminum hydride, ammonia borane, lithium amide or lithium imide. The solid catalyst is added at 0.0001-50 wt.%. The solid catalyst (0.0001-50 wt.%) comprises catalyst carriers, and metal ions, metal atoms, metal nanoparticles and/or metal micro-particles covering the surface of the catalyst carriers comprising ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese and/or copper. The average particle size of the solid catalyst is 1-100 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The solid fuel is alternately obtained by mixing paper sludge (20-40), wooden waste material (60-40) and coke (10-30), adjusting water content in obtained mixture, mixing binder (0.7-0.9), and press-molding. The method further involves providing multiple through-holes (4) in vertical direction of obtained molded product, and coating perforated film (5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The molding is performed using vertical V-shaped groove (2) and horizontal V-shaped groove (3), which forms rectangular parallelepiped under pressure. The horizontal V-shaped groove is provided perpendicular to vertical V-shaped groove. The vertical V-shaped groove extends in vertical direction and full length in horizontal direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The binder is starch-type binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is ruthenium catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The storage material mixture contains water as a dispersion medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The hydrogenated metal consists of magnesium hydride, aluminum hydride, calcium hydride, lithium hydride, potassium hydride, and/or sodium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is alcohol, glycol, organic base, and/or organic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - The reducing agent contains fossil resource type-compound consisting of one or more of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, ethane, light naphtha, raffinate, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and diethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent also comprises inorganic salt. The inorganic salt is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent also comprises monoethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, piperazine, additives, solvent other than sulfolane or their mixture. Other solvents are dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or their mixture. The additive is corrosion inhibitor, antioxidant, de-foaming agent or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of disinfecting active ingredient is 40-85, preferably 65-72 pts.wt. The smoke disinfectant comprises (pts.wt.) bromochlorohydantoin (72 or 70), potassium chlorate (10), magnesium oxide (4 or 5), sodium bicarbonate (4 or 5), and granulated sugar (10). ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antibacterial; Virucide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous alkali solution is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of cymoxanil to dimethomorph is 2:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): indoxacarb (0.3-5, preferably 1.2-3) and pyridaphethione (12-28, preferably 18-22). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The waste organic acid mother liquid contains gluconic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid or tartaric acid. The content of waste organic acid mother liquid is 40-100 weight%.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cosolvent is glycerol, isobutanol, butanol, isopropanol and/or methyl pyrrolidone. The emulsifier is calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether and/or castor oil polyoxyethylene ether. The methyl ester of vegetable oil is coconut oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, oleic methyl ester, and/or soybean oil methyl ester. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises (in wt.%): turpentine oil (25-45), wintergreen oil (0-35) and auxiliary agents. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Insecticide.    ADMINISTRATION - The agent is applied 35-45 days after seeding, before winter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flocculant comprises lime, iron, aluminum, wollostonite, calcium, starches, proteins, gelatin, animal glue, polymeric compounds or food grade polymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flocculant comprises fycosyllactose, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose, lacto-N-difucohexaose I, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose, difucosyllacto-N-hexaose, difucosyllacto-N-neohexaose, difucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose, trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose, trifucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose, sialyllactose, sialyllacto-N-tetraose, monofucosyl, monosialyllactose, monosialyl, monofucosyllacto-N-neotetraose, disialyllactose-N-tetraose, A-pentasaccharide, B-pentasaccharide, oligomannose-3, oligomannose-5, oligomannose-6, oligomannose-7D1, oligomannose-7D2, oligomannose-7D3, oligomannose-8D1D3, oligomannose-8D1D2, oligomannose-8D2D3, oligomannose-9, asialo-biantennary and asialo-biantennary with core substituted fucose, disialyl-biantennary, oligomannose-3 substituted with fucose and xylose, oligomannose-2, oligomannose-4, lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-neohexaose, monosialyl LNnH, monosialyl monofucosyl LnnH, disialyl monofucosyl LNH, chitobiose, or maltotriose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: Dimocarpus and methanol are mixed, heated to 70-80 degrees C and pressurized at 0.3-0.5 MPa by pressurizing pump. The mixture is added to catalytic reaction pipeline, and catalyzed by calcined lime. Two ends of the catalytic reaction pipeline are blocked by grids, and the insulation sleeves at the ends of the two grids are respectively connected with positive static charge and negative static charge. The mixture is back-flown, and transesterified to produce semi-finished product. The impurities are removed to obtain biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The biodiesel has flow rate of 0.5-100 tons/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves pumping wastewater obtained from ethanol distillation into a fermentation device without adding carbon source, sterilizing and inoculating the obtained solution, adding seed solution of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, fermenting the obtained solution and culturing the fermented solution at 25-38 degrees C to obtain probiotics. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism strain is chosen from saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus. The saccharomycetes is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus. The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis, B.cereus or lichenoid form Bacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves establishing ecosystem value assessment frame system containing natural resource and ecosystem service.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Potassium chloride is used instead of potassium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The straw is subjected to gas eruption at a pressure of 0.5-2.5 MPa for 2-10 minutes, and to dilute acid treatment using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (0.05-5 weight/weight%) at 100-150 degrees C for 1-3 hours, where the solid-liquid ratio is 1:4-1:40. The enzymolysis step is performed for 1-5 days at 30-55 degrees C, and then water is added to solid-liquid in the ratio of 1:5-1:30. The enzymolysis process can be coupled with the fermentation process, and sugar produced by enzymolysis can be used for producing large amount of fermentative products. The compression process is performed by directly compressing straw residue or compressing the straw and coal in the ratio of 100:1-1:5 to obtain fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The wall of the sludge is broken by ultrasonic waves of 0.25-4.0 kw/l, preferably 0.5-2.0 kw/l for 1-50 minutes, preferably 5-30 minutes. The anaerobic fermentation is performed in a reactor at pH 8-12, preferably 9-11, where the sludge stays in the reactor for 3 hours-15 days, preferably 1-6 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The fermenting microorganism is Lactobacillus, Saccharomycetes and mold. Preferred Component: The organic material is one or more of rice hull powder, straw powder and peanut hull powder. Preferred Composition: Each gram of the bioorganic fertilizer contains more than 20 million of B.megaterium and E.coli. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline preferably comprises (in parts weight) methanol (18-22), isopropanol (6-9), isobutanol (6-9), acetone (3-5), mixed benzene (9-11), 5C component (9-11), light oil (18-22) and naphtha (22-24).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The additive is nitrogen disulfide. The solvent is dilute sulfuric acid and/or water. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): aqueous solution of acetic acid (15-25, preferably 20), and surfactant (0.1-1, or 0.1-3, preferably 0.2). The surfactant comprises Yucca extract. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron oxide content in the pyritic sintered residue is 45-52%. The content of dilute phosphoric acid is 21-30 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of diol amine to the cyclic compound is 1:2-4.5. The cyclic compound solvent is toluene, dioxane, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, pyridine or cyclohexane. Preferred Conditions: The reaction is performed at 113-150 degrees C for 8-15 hours. The cyclization is performed at 120-140 degrees C. The refluxing time is 10-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protease is acidic protease, alkaline protease or collagenase. Preferred Method: The method further involves adding cellulose, during the addition of protease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high valent metallic oxide is iron oxide or nickel oxide. The high valent metallic oxide is ferric oxide or nickel oxide. The low valent metallic oxide is iron(II,III) oxide. The metal is nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen separating device is a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or film separating efficient hydrogen separating device. The conveying control device has L valve or U valve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is broken kernel with water content of not less than 15 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The weight ratio of coated material to dipentene is 3-18:100, preferably 11-12:100. The heated material is dissolved in organic solvent at 140-150 degrees C, preferably 145 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coated material is waste plastic which is chosen from waste polyethylene, waste polypropylene, mixture of waste polyethylene and waste polypropylene, mixture of waste polyethylene and waste styrene in a ratio of 8:3, mixture of waste polypropylene and waste styrene in a ratio of 8:3, and mixture of waste polyethylene, waste polyethylene and waste styrene in a ratio of 6:6:3 or 1.5:1.5:0.5 or 4:4:2. The weight ratio of talc powder to dipentene is 0.5-3:100, preferably 1.25:100. The particle size of urea is 0.5-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface of the bismuth vanadate nano-pore film is further modified with a promoter (0.001-5% of that of the nano-pore film), which is oxide or hydroxide of rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, iron, manganese and/or nickel. The promoter is modified on surface of the bismuth vanadate nano-pore film by a dipping method, electrodepositing or spin-coating process. The concentration of the doping metal cation is 0.5-20%. The bismuth vanadate is a monoclinic phase structure. Preferred Method: The bismuth vanadate nano-pore film is obtained from metal organic substance by a thermal pyrolysis method comprising: (i) mixing bismuth nitrate, vanadyl acetylacetonate and nitrate, chlorate or acetylacetonate of metal cation in solvent, adding additive to them to uniformly mix to obtain a clear solution, where the solvent is acetic acid, acetylacetone, ethanol and/or ethylene glycol and the additive is X-100 (0.1-5%) and/or polyethyleneglycol (concentration of 50-500% and molecular weight of 200-2000); and (ii) coating the solution on conducting substrate, drying it at 20-200 degrees C, calcining it for 10-60 minutes in air or oxygen at 350-550 degrees C to obtain a layer of film, and repeating the coating, drying and calicining to obtain nano-pore film with a thickness of 0.3-3 mu .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material is chosen from rice bran powder, straw powder, yeast powder, suspension of effective microorganisms (EM), sodium bicarbonate, and hydrated lime. The culture material comprises (in %): food garbage (50-90), saw dust (0-40), rice bran powder (0-30), straw powder (0-40), yeast powder (1-5), suspension of effective microorganisms (EM) (1-3), sodium bicarbonate (0-3) and hydrated lime (0-3). The density of ovum of housefly inoculated is 0.2-2 g/kg food garbage culture material. The thickness of the food garbage culture material in the container is 4-10 cm. A large container filled with dried rice bran powder is sleeved outside the container for collecting aged housefly maggots.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The nutrition mud is mixed with the soil after fermentation. The pH value of the culture medium is 5.0 and 8.0. The cellulose degradation enzyme is added during fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fertilizer is prepared by pulverizing medical stone, potash feldspar and diatomite to 150-300 meshes, pulverizing chicken manure and bone powder to 80-100 meshes, pulverizing radix euphorbiae lantu, S.flavescens and tobacco stem to 100-120 meshes, mixing (in %) medical stone (30), potash feldspar (10), diatomite (10), chicken manure (20), bone powder (5.5), powder of fermentation bacteria (0.5) and oil slag (2), using bone soup to spray on the mixed material, piling the material in a room at 15-20 degrees C for 4-6 days, fermenting the piled material 1-2 times for 7-10 days, adding urea (8), calcium superphosphate (7), potassium sulfate (6), zinc sulfate (0.1), boron sulfate (0.1), copper sulfate (0.1), sodium selenite (0.1), radix euphorbiae lantu (0.15), S.flavescens (0.15) and tobacco stem (0.2) to the fermented material, mixing uniformly, pelletizing the obtained mixture and screening the pellets. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The catalyst is used along with platinum black.Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of platinum and gold is 0.1-10:1. The mass ratio of catalyst and platinum black is 0.1-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The noble metal is platinum or gold, or their alloy.The metal component of carrier is of formula: M or MN.M = iridium and/or ruthenium;andN = platinum, gold, palladium, osmium, rhodium, tantalum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tin and/or selenium.When the metal component is MN, the mass ratio between M and N is 0.5-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of nickel is 10-30 wt.%. The nickel salt is chosen from nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel formate, nickel acetate, nickel oxalate, and nickel citrate. The salt of auxiliary agent is nitrate or chloride. The reducing gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas or carbon monoxide/nitrogen mixed gas.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The absorbing agent is one or more of rice bran, manure of domestic animal, crop straw and human waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culture medium is prepared by mixing (in wt.%) wheat bran (20-40), rice bran (20-40), bean cake powder (0.5-6), wheat powder (0.5-10), ammonium sulfate (1-2), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0-0.3), magnesium sulfate (0-0.2), ferrous sulfate (0.01-0.02) and water (30-40), and controlling the pH of the mixture to 6.5-7. The sterilization of the culture medium involves sterilizing the culture medium in sterilizing boiler at 120-124 degrees C and 0.08-0.12 MPa for 55-65 minutes, cooling the sterilized culture medium in aseptic inoculation chamber for 2-3 days, cooling the culture medium, and repeating the sterilization process. The culture medium is turned over or stirred 3-5 times for 1-3 days, and then for 6-10 days and 4-10 days, and turned once every day when the culture medium is mixed with the carrier and absorbing agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The anti-slag additive is obtained by adding calcium carbonate to a special dry container, adding alumina, uniformly mixing for 10-15 minutes, adding magnesium carbonate, and uniformly mixing for 10-15 minutes. Preferred Property: The granularity of the mixture after mixing calcium carbonate, alumina and magnesium carbonate is less than 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Fertilizer: The phosphate fertilizer is chosen from calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The potassium fertilizer is chosen from potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. Preferred Strain: The strain is chosen from nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-releasing bacteria, and potassium-releasing bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): organic material containing amino acid (60-70), dry residues of extract of Chinese drug (60-75, preferably 15-40), and methane dry slag (60-65), humic acid complex (20-30, preferably 20-25 or 22-28), bone powder (8-15, preferably 8-12 or 5-15), EM microorganism strain (0.1-1), and other auxiliaries(0.1-1). The dry residues of extract of Chinese drug comprises (in %) nitrogen ( not less than 5), phosphorus ( not less than 4.5), potassium ( not less than 0.5), and organic substance ( not less than 45), and the methane dry slag comprises nitrogen ( not less than 1.5), phosphorus ( not less than 2), potassium ( not less than 0.5), and organic substance ( not less than 30). The humic acid complex fertilizer comprises nitrogen ( not less than 5), phosphorus ( not less than 2.5), potassium ( not less than 6), and organic substance ( not less than 20). The bone powder comprises nitrogen ( not less than 2) and phosphorus ( not less than 15). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid binding agent is sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used in step (i) is dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or dichloromethane. The solvent in step (iii) is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methanol, dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane or acetonitrile. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of step (i) is 0-80 degrees C and the reaction time is 6-10 hours. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the hydrazine hydrate is 50 wt.%, the weight ratio of the ester group to the hydrazine hydrate solution is 10-30:1. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The composition comprising (in kg): swollen straw (1 m3), chicken manure, pig manure or human excrement (20-25), and water (150-200) is obtained by adding any one of chicken manure, pig manure or human excrement to the obtained moistened straw, mixing all the components, and fermenting the mixture at 20-30 degrees C for 10-30 days. Preferred Components: The phosphorus fertilizer is calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The composition is spread into a flowerpot or flower field, while planting flowers and plants. The composition is filled in tree pits after watering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of phosphoric gypsum, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, humic acid and borax is 1000:3:2:3:5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of water hyacinth, urban domestic sludge and kitchen garbage is 3-7:2-6:2-8, where the water hyacinth and kitchen garbage are crushed to form grains with size of 15-30 mm and air-dried. The composition has water content of 50-55%, and carbon/nitrogen ratio of 23:1-30:1. Preferred Method: The composting method involves fermenting the raw materials hermetically or by forced ventilation or natural ventilation. The raw material is allowed to ferment hermetically for 10-12 hours. The raw material is forcedly ventilated to ferment by discontinuous ventilation, where the raw material is ventilated for 15-20 minutes/hour using air flow of 0.04-0.15 m3/minute for 11-12 days continuously. The raw material is naturally ventilated to ferment by exposing the raw materials to open air, stacking the raw materials in air, and turning the materials once every day for 18-19 days continuously.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The formulation comprises Nappar 10 (RTM: Naphthenic oil) (9%); ethanol (5%); isopropanol (10%); mono propylene glycol (5%); ethoxylated octyphenol (2%); water (30.99%); water repellent polymethylsiloxane resin (14%); Coapur 830 W (RTM: Solvent and alkyl phenol ethoxylate free polyurethane thickener) (4%); paraffin 56/58 (20%); biocide (0.01%). Preferred Components: The solvent-co-solvent system comprises at least 30 wt.% of water. The solvent-co-solvent system comprises at least 20 wt.% of compound comprising hydrocarbon, alcohol and/or ester. The solvent-co-solvent comprises a methyl ester of rapeseed, ethanol, isopropanol, hydrotreated heavy naphtha, primary butanol, xylene, methoxy propanol, and/or monopropylene glycol. The silicone resin based water repellent is a silicone resin, and/or polysiloxane, and/or their derivatives. The water repellent is a mixture of 2 wt.% of polymethylsiloxane resin solution having 70% of active ingredient in aqueous or solvent phase and 12 wt.% of polymethylsiloxane resin in aqueous emulsion. The non sticking active agent is a wax or paraffin, preferably a paraffin with drop point at 56-58 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in %): methyl ester of rapeseed (24); mono propylene glycol (5); ethoxylated octyphenol (2); water (30.99); water repellent polymethylsiloxane resin (14); Coapur 830 W (RTM: Solvent and alkyl phenol ethoxylate free polyurethane thickener) (4); paraffin 56/58 (20); biocide (0.01).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The formulation comprises at least 50 wt.% of water; and at least 5 wt.% of non aqueous co-solvent of hydrocarbon, alcohol, ketone, and/or ester. The formulation further comprises polyurethane resin based water repellent, in aqueous emulsion. The formulation comprises: polymethylsiloxane resin in non ionic aqueous emulsion having 40 wt.% dry extract (12.26 or 4.9 wt.% in dry extract); polyurethane resin in aqueous emulsion having 35 wt.% of dry extract (18.62 or 6.52 wt.% of dry extract); acrylic styrene copolymer resin in aqueous emulsion having 40 wt.% of dry extract (5.03 or 2.01 wt.% of dry extract); water (64.5 wt.%); paraffin in aqueous emulsion having 50 wt.% of dry extract having a grade of 56/58 (39.88 or 19.94 wt.% of dry extract); essential oil (lavender) (0.32%); surfactant based on sodium acrylate polymer (0.3%); silicon oxide (0, 75%); polyurethane thickener (0.34%); or acrylic thickener (0.42%). Preferred Components: The silicone resin based water repellent is a silicone resin, and/or polysiloxane and/or their derivatives. The silicone resin based water repellent is polymethylsiloxane in non ionic aqueous emulsion. The non sticking active agent is a wax, grease or paraffin, preferably a paraffin with drop point at 56-58 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: polymethylsiloxane resin 40% in non ionic aqueous emulsion (14.38 or 5.75 wt.% of dry extract); polyurethane resin 50% in aqueous emulsion (24.22 or 12.11 wt.% of dry extract); water (58.49%); paraffin 50% in aqueous emulsion having grade of 56/58 (37.66 or 18.83 wt.% of dry extract); N-methylpyrrolidone co-solvent (1.94%); surfactant based on sodium acrylate polymer (0.27%); silicon oxide (0.84%); polyurethane thickener (1.27%); and acrylic thickener (0.51%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The above microorganism is added to the form culture, where the microorganism makes up to at least 10-4% (preferably at least 10-2%) or at least 1%, 10%, 50%, 75% or 90% of the total number of microorganisms present in the culture. A pure culture of at least one of the above microorganism is added to the biomass substrate. At least one of the above microorganisms is added to the biomass substrate as a component of at least one immobilized culture of microorganism. At least one of the above microorganisms is added to the biomass substrate in an amount of 10-4% and 90%, 10-3% and 50%, 10-2% and 20%, or 10-1% and 10% of the above microorganisms relative to the total number of the microorganisms present in the biomass substrate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogenolysis reaction is accomplished by using copper chromite as catalyst under hydrogen pressure at 180-260 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In operating a biogas plant, the drying step is carried out at 65 degrees C or lower. The method additionally comprises inerting the nitrogen (N2) of the solid fraction (FS). Preferred Installation: The installation is additionally provided a power generating device (14) fed by biogas in the gas tank (13) to provide heat energy to the drying oven (9) of the solid fraction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing biodiesel by catalyzing with free enzyme, the molar ratio of said short chain alcohol to stock oil is 1-1.2:1. The short chain alcohol is methanol, alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, or amyl alcohol. The lipase is free lipase starch, lipase solution and lipase fermentation liquor; the lipase is microorganism lipase or animal lipase. The stock oil is fatty acid or biological oil. The stock oil is animal oil, waste edible oil, oil refining foot feed or microorganism oil. The additive is polyhydroxy sugar, and their derivative. The additive is cyclodextrin, glucose, lactase, soluble starch, dextrin, or industrial dextrin. The short chain alcohol is fed for 15-30 times, in which 1/15-1/30 mol equivalent is added in each hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises only one group VIIIB metal, which is ruthenium. The catalyst is a supported catalyst, where the support is a carbon support. The metal is present on the support at 0.5-20 wt.% based on total weight of the catalyst. The catalyst is a ruthenium/carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction is carried out in a reactor comprising a pre-heater and a reactor, where the reactor is a single bed reactor. The methanol product is condensed in a liquid-gas separator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oxygenated hydrocarbon and water are pre-heated at 0-100 degrees C below the reaction temperature, or at a temperature greater than the boiling point of the oxygenated hydrocarbon. The oxygenated hydrocarbon and water are delivered to the catalyst in a carrier gas comprising helium, argon or nitrogen. The reaction temperature is at least 400 degrees C, preferably 450 degrees C. The reaction occurs at a pressure of 1-8 bars, preferably 1-5 bars. The total conversion of the oxygenated hydrocarbon is at least 65%. At least 35% of the oxygenated hydrocarbon is converted to liquid phase products. The selectivity for methanol in the liquid-phase product is at least 50%. Preferred Components: The oxygenated hydrocarbon is glycerol. The molar ratio of water:oxygenated hydrocarbon is 3:1-20:1, preferably 3:1-12:1. EXAMPLE - Water:glycerol (molar ratio 5:1) was supplied to the reactor at a flow rate of 0.05 ml/minute, with nitrogen as carrier gas at a flow rate of 50 ml/minute and then contacted with 0.1 g of ruthenium on active carbon catalyst at 450 degrees C. The pre-heating zone temperature was 400 degrees C with a reactor pressure of 4 bars. The total glycerol conversion was 94% and 55% of glycerol was converted to gaseous products including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane and ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In recycling and exploitation of biodegradable domestic waste, organic waste disposer installed in the kitchen to grind the waste at source prevents their accumulation, pollution of the site, and consumption of plastic bags for separate treatment, and avoids being transferred to landfill, preventing pollution and reducing landfill gas transport biodegradable waste. In network separate from the sewage network, the waste is disposed independent. The waste is converted by biogas digester, thus not polluting the landfills. The method can use organic waste from the gardens of the community. The system is controlled automatically; or the whole system is protected by security systems.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of surplus sludge added with respect to glycerin is 0.001-1 wt.%. Preferred Component: The surplus sludge acts as hydrogen or methane fermentation promoter of anaerobic fermentation and decomposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism capable of fermenting at high temperature comprises halophiles. The microorganism is chosen from Volutella ciliata, Cupriavidus campinensis, Trichosporon sp., Bacillus velezensis, Eupenicillium sp., Providencia rettgeri, Cosmospora consors, Aspergillus terreus, Moniliella sp., Penicillium glabrum, Pseudoallescheria boydii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The halophiles include A.terreus, Moniliella sp., P.glabrum, P.boydii and P.aeruginosa. The material further comprises carbon material, and organic substance digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves pressing the provided plant material at an increased pressure to provide a compressed plant material, and subjecting the obtained product to vacuum extrusion. The vacuum extruding step involves (a) subjecting the plant material to a reduction step at pressure of 3 kPa or more, preferably 3-100 kPa, or (b) introducing the plant material to a vacuum chamber and operating the vacuum chamber at 90-99% vacuum. The plant material is derived from plant chosen from Sorghum (milo), sweet Sorghum, oats, barley, wheat, rye, millet, berry, grape, rye, maize, rice, potato, sweet potato, cassava, sugar beet, sugar cane, pineapple, grasses and trees, preferably sugar beet. The plant material is smashed or crushed before the vacuum extruding step. The plant material is not heated before the vacuum extruding step or the plant material is heated to 70-90 degrees C before the vacuum extrusion. The fermentation step involves mixing the extruded pulp or mash with water and yeast to form a fermentation mixture and maintaining the mixture at 18-40 degrees C for 5-120 hours before subjecting 100% of the fermented mixture to distillation to separate the ethanol from the fermented mixture. The fermentation is performed as batch process or continuous process. The residual fermented mixture obtained after extraction of ethanol is introduced into a biogas reactor and used as a fuel to produce biogas. The distillation is performed using energy produced from a biogas reactor. Preferred Components: The fermented mixture comprises at least 9.5% ethanol by volume. The fermented mixture (100%) is subjected to distillation to separate the ethanol from the fermented mixture, to provide residual fermented mixture. The residual fermented mixture is introduced into a biogas reactor and used as a fuel to produce energy. The distillation is performed using energy produced from a biogas reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microorganisms are bacteria and fungus, yeast, and/or protozoa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The contaminants are generated by human, animal, industrial process, and/or subsurface environment. The method further comprises feeding effluent from the first bioreactor into a second bioreactor containing live microorganisms; and feeding a concentration of iron into the second bioreactor from 150 to 10000, preferably 200-500% above the stoichiometric requirement for iron in the second bioreactor, where concentration of iron above the stoichiometric requirement fed into the second bioreactor results in a reduction in fouling of the filtration system when compared to utilizing the stoichiometric requirement for iron in the second bioreactor. The step of feeding the concentration of iron into the bioreactor comprises utilizing 150-6000, preferably 200-500% above the stoichiometric requirement for iron in the first bioreactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Iron is added in a divalent form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The contaminants include methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Carrier: The carrier is obtained by contacting the carrier with the mixture containing microorganisms capable of performing methane fermentation and other microorganisms. The carrier uses hydrophilic vinyl polymer as base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves using 20-80% of nitrogen fertilizer once a year from the upper portion of tea plants.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The disinfestation composition comprises (wt.%) fipronil (0.5-20), spinosad (4-20), wetting agent (1-20), dispersing agent (1-20), penetrating agent (0-80), and fillers (10-80). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The mixed chemical comprises (pts.wt.) diniconazole (1-10, preferably 1-5), carbendazim (1-10, preferably 1-5), high-fat containing membrane (1-20, preferably 2-10), and water (1500-24000, preferably 2000-10000). ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    ADMINISTRATION - The mixed chemical is sprayed for 2 times with an interval of 10-14 days (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biological preparation is Paecilomyces lilacinus (preferably), spore powder of Arthrobotrys oligospora, spore powder of Verticillium sphaerosporum or spore powder of Pasteuria penetrans.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The powdered dryer comprises coal ash, slag, steel slag, phosphorus slag, straw powder, sawdust, cane residue and/or beer residue; and is doped with biological preparation for killing eelworm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dewatered raw material oil comprises waste engine oil, residue oil, swill-cooked dirty oil, hogwash oil, animal and vegetable oils and waste plastic, which are used as raw material to produce biodiesel. Preferred Method: The catalyst composition cracks long carbon chain of raw material into short carbon chain under heating condition. The heat conducting oil is high temperature heat conducting oil of Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company as heating medium, which is filled in sleeve of catalytic cracking reactor to heat the raw material oil. The rich gas generated in catalyst pyrolysis enters into burner by compressor and safe check valve as fuel to save energy and meet environmental protection requirements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst composition comprises (wt.%) activated alumina (0.3-0.5), activated zeolite (0.5-2), and sodium hydroxide (0.1-0.2). The deodorant ammonium persulfate in distillation column (0.3-0.8 wt.% of dewatered raw material oil) removes odor of little free fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carrier has pores with diameter of 2-8 nm and 20-100 nm, preferably 2-7 nm and 20-50 nm. Preferred Composition: The porous carrier contains silica, alumina and/or titania. The active metal is nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, platinum and/or palladium, preferably nickel. The catalyst further contains cerium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen is manufactured by hydrocarbon reforming process chosen from steam reformation, self-thermal reformation, partial oxidation reformation and carbon dioxide gas reformation.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel is further obtained by adding 0.1% of sterilized calcium hydroxide and 0.01% of potassium permanganate aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nitro-bacterium microbial inoculum comprises stabilizer and strain protecting agent. The nitro-bacterium enriching culture medium comprises (pts.wt.) ammonium sulfate (0.5-5), magnesium sulfate (0.1-1), sodium chloride (0.1-3), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.1-6), ferrous sulfate (0.05-0.5), calcium carbonate (0.5-5) and water (1000). The nitroso-bacterium enriching culture medium comprises ammonium sulfate (0.1-5), magnesium sulfate (0.1-2), sodium chloride (0.1-4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.1-6), ferrous sulfate (0.05-0.6), calcium carbonate (0.1-5) and water (1000). The nitro-bacterium screening culture medium comprises ammonium sulfate (0.1-3), magnesium sulfate (0.1-1), sodium chloride (0.1-2), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.1-3), ferrous sulfate (0.05-0.4), calcium bicarbonate (0.5-2), calcium chloride (0.05-3), diphenylamine (0.1-3), concentrated sulfuric acid (50-150) and water (1000). The nitroso-bacterium screening culture medium comprises ammonium sulfate (0.1-2), magnesium sulfate (0.1-1.5), sodium chloride (0.1-2), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.1-3), ferrous sulfate (0.05-0.5), calcium bicarbonate (0.05-2), calcium chloride (0.05-2), sulfanilic acid (0.1-2), acetic acid (5-50), phenol (0.1-2) and water (1000).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strain protecting agent comprises zeolite powder, diatomite and powder active carbon. Preferred Composition: The protecting agent is present at 0.1-1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is glycerol, ethanol or ethylene glycol. Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is present at 0.05-2 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The denitrification bacterial culture liquid comprises (in mg/L) potassium nitrate (600-3600), ethyl (500-2500), calcium chloride (100-500), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (100-600), 0.2 mol/L of phosphate buffer (0.2-1.0) and water (remaining).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bioreactor for fixed cell membrane in the step (d) is assembled as follows: the middle chamber of the reactor is the ground water and the two laterals of the reactor is the ethanol aqueous solution. The bioreactor for fixed cell membrane in the step (d) is assembled as follows: the middle of the reactor is ethanol aqueous solution, and the two laterals of the reactor is the ground water. In the step (d) of building bioreactor for fixed cell membrane, one lateral of the tabulate fixed cell having micropore filter film is in contact with the ground water, while the lateral having no micropore filter film is in contact with the ethanol aqueous solution. The ethanol for the denitrification in the step (e) of denitrification is 1/2 of the total quantity of the ethanol needed and then the rest 1/2 ethanol is added after 12-24 hours. The stirrers are arranged in the different chambers of the reactor for fixed cell membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose-decomposed bacterial solution comprises (in parts weight) starch (1), water (13), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (0.06-0.12), pentaerythritol (0.05-0.1), saponin (0.05-0.1), yeast-extract powder (0.15) and cellulose-decomposed bacterial solution (reduced amount). The ammonium perchlorate emulsion comprises aqueous ammonia (15-20), ammonium perchlorate (3-5), potassium nitrate (7-10) and emulsifier (1-2). The reinforcing agent comprises starch (1), water (13), yeast (1.5) and sodium peroxide (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solution in the step (iv) is centrifuged at high speed to remove active carbon, intercepted by ultrafiltration film and purified, where the weight Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of molecules intercepted by the ultrafiltration film is 1 ku and the area of the ultrafiltration film is 0.4 m2. Distilled water (10% of the volume of filtered solution) is added and the solution is filtered three times. Trisodium citrate (5.0-8.0 g/l) is added in step (i) to prevent coagulation. The pig blood is crushed by ultrasonic waves for 10-15 minutes and preserved for use or directly used., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is added in step (iii) and hydrochloric acid is added in step (iv) to regulate the pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The pulp suspension comprises at least 1% salt. The hypotonic solution comprises salt (0.9% or less). Preferred Method: The fermenting organism is yeast. The S.degradans is grown until it reaches optical density of at least 10 at 600 nm before adding the culture to the pulp suspension. The collecting step involves removing water from the solids obtained in the pulp suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lubrication dispersing agent is sodium lignin sulfonate, benzenesulfonate, lignosulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene phosphate, polymerized carboxylate, and/or dodecylphenol. The antifreeze agent is glycol, propanediol, urea, and/or glycerin. The stabilizer is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-methylphenol, butylated hydroxyanisole, and/or t-butylhydroquinone. The preservative is paraformaldehyde, isothiazolinone, or sodium benzoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The defoamer is organic silicone, 8-10C fatty alcohol, or polyether. The thickening agent is Arabic gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite, and/or magnesium aluminum silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic biofertilizer comprises auxiliary materials chosen from bran, fish meal, bone meal, grass peat, and bentonite or shale. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The emulsifier used in copolymerization is sodium styrene, the dispersion stabilizer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the initiator is potassium peroxydisulfate. The molar ratio of styrene, divinylbenzene, and allylamine is 4.4-34.8:0.35-2.8:1.3-26.6.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid is prepared by weighing methylimidazole (70 mL) and bromoethane (130 mL), adding mixture to three-mouth flask, stirring mixture at 36-40 degrees C for 4 hours, maintaining the mixture still, removing lower liquid, slowly adding 40%-fluoroboric acid (200 g) to lower liquid, continuously stirring mixture at 36-40 degrees C for 3 hours, and extracting mixture with dichloromethane (100 mL). The N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mesylate ionic liquid is prepared by weighing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (198 g), dripping methanesulfonate (192 g) to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 0 degrees C for 5 hours, and continuously stirring the mixture at 80 degrees C for 5 hours.
ACTIVITY - Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The solid acid catalyst is acidified zirconium sulfate or acidified titanium sulfate. The solid alkali catalyst is alkali-earth metal oxide, alkali-earth metal alcoholate compound or loaded catalyst having alkali-earth metal as active component. The alkali-earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide or barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Short-chain alcohol is 1-6C alcohol. The co-solvent is tertiary butanol, normal hexane, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate. The solid catalyst is solid acid catalyst or solid alkali catalyst. The molar ratio of alcohol to oil is 3-100. The molar ratio of co-solvent to oil is 1-30. The content of catalyst is 0.5-5% of oil. The oil is linseed oil, castor oil, jute oil, red ramie oil, hemp oil or sisal oil. Preferred Conditions: The reaction pressure and temperature are 1-30 MPa and 60-300 degrees C, respectively. The reaction time is 10-120 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The growth inducer is chosen from e.g. benzylaminopurine, fresh amine-ester, abscisic acid, sodium nitrophenolate, nucleotide, ascorbic acid, pinacol, potassium o-nitrophenolate, potassium p-nitrophenolate and potassium 5-nitroguaiacol. The solvent is chosen from water, dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol. The surfactant is chosen from fatty alcohol polyethylene ether, high-grade fatty acid dodecylbenzenesulfonate, lignin benzene sulfonate, lauryl sulfate, naphthenate, and naphthalenesulfonic acid. The protein is chosen from rapeseed, soybean and tobacco.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The raw material natural gas is subjected to defogging treatment by a defroster, before separation by film separator. Condensed liquid foam, fog drops and solid particles are removed. Micro liquid and harmful impurities having size of more than 0.01 micron is removed by a condensing filter before separation. The raw material natural gas is further heated to more than dew point temperature before separation. The penetrating gas is further cooled to the material inlet temperature required by transformation absorbing unit. The film separator is made of hollow fiber or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred components: Methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether are used during preparation of the Osmuncla japonica extract. The solvent is water, alcohol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatic compound or pure benzene. The co-solvent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether, sodium lignin sulfonate, tea residue or saponin. The potentiating agent is tea saponin, methylenedioxybenzene derivative or octachlorodipropyl ether. The emulsifier is C15-17H31-37COONa, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, N-dodecyl dimethyl amine, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxypropylene ether, p-octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester or alkylaryl sulfonate. The potentiating agent is polyoxyethylene phenyl phenol ether, azone or triphenyl phosphate. Ether, ethyl acetate, normal hexane, cyclohexane and acetone are also utilized during the preparation of acaricide. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): C.melo seed extract (70-90) and D-sorbitol (10-30). The composition further comprises additives (0.015-7 parts weight) chosen from indigestible maltodextrin, prune juice, galactooligosaccharide, potassium gluconate, magnesium sulfate, Japanese apricot thick juice, chitosan, vitamin C, bamboo salt, grapefruit seed extract, lemon and sucralose. ACTIVITY - Laxative; Gynecological; Cytostatic; Analgesic; CNS-Gen.; Muscular-Gen.; Hepatotropic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active phase of the catalyst is constituted of at least one element of the VIB group, where the element of group VIB is molybdenum and at least one element of group VIII, where the element of the group VIII is nickel. The atomic ratio of metal (or metals) of group VIII to metal (or metals) of group VIB is 0.01-0.08, preferably 0.01-0.03. The atomic ratio of nickel to the molybdenum is 0.01-0.03. The oxide content of group VIB element is 1-30 wt.% of the catalyst and the oxide content of group VIII element is strictly greater than 0 to less than 1.5 wt.% of the catalyst. The catalyst contains a phosphorus content of greater than 1 to less than 8 wt.% of phosphorus oxide with respect to the total mass of the catalyst. The conversion of the charge obtained from renewable sources by decarboxylation/decarbonylation is at most 4%. Preferred Process: The process is implemented in a fixed bed; and in a boiling bed. The effluent obtained from the hydrodeoxygenation is subjected to at least one separation step, preferably a step of separating gas/liquid and separating water and at least one liquid hydrocarbon base. The process comprises eliminating nitrogen compounds from the liquid hydrocarbon bases, where the eliminating step is carried out after the optional step of separating the water. In the process, at least a part of the liquid hydrocarbon base obtained from elimination of nitrogen organic compounds is hydromerized in the presence of a hydromerization catalyst. The hydroisomerization catalyst comprises an active metal phase constituted of platinum and MBA-30 hydroisomerizing function. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing hydrocarbons, at least one of the recombinant enzymes is heterologous with respect to the engineered cyanobacterium. The engineered cyanobacterium further produces at least one n-alkene or n-alkanol. The engineered cyanobacterium produces at least one n-alkene or n-alkanol selected from n-pentadecene, n-heptadecene, and 1-octadecanol. The n-alkanes comprise predominantly n-heptadecane, n-pentadecane or a combination. It further comprises isolating at least one n-alkane, n-alkene or n-alkanol from the engineered cyanobacterium or the culture medium. The enzymes are encoded by a plasmid. The enzymes are encoded by recombinant genes incorporated into the genome of the engineered cyanobacterium. The enzymes are encoded by genes which are present in multiple copies in the engineered cyanobacterium. The enzymes are encoded by genes which are part of an operon, and where the expression of the genes is controlled by a single promoter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline earth salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium or magnesium, and carbonate, hydroxide, bicarbonate or oxide. The alkaline earth salt is added in the form of calcined or slaked lime or calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate during the thermal gasification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The agent is obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria with aqueous gel, mixing pineapple enzyme with the water-soluble organic binder, and then processing the obtained two mixtures, where the concentration of lactic acid bacteria is 105-108 colony forming units/g of mixture of lactic acid bacteria and pineapple enzyme, and the activity of the bromelain enzyme extracted from pineapple is 800-1200 units/g of dry weight of mixture of lactic acid bacteria and pineapple enzyme. The agent further comprises Bacillus subtilis, preferably B.subtilis var. natto.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grinding roller, compressor and the matrix are made of stainless steel or non-brittle hard steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing microbial strain comprises: (a) using bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate as basic ingredient for separating culture medium; adjusting the pH to 5-6 after proper vacuum; if it is made into flat, adding 20 g/L of agar as solid agent; (b) using soil or sludge ingredient collected from environment polluted by pulp mill waste water as sample; charging 25 ml in a 250 ml triangular flask; filling about 1 g of waste water or sludge separated sample; and processing enrichment culture for 72 hours in a shake flask at 200 rpm at 30 degrees C; (c) taking culture solution, where thallus grows, and then scribing separating on the same culture medium flat; selecting the fast-growing type, and shifting to the slant to preserve; (d) transferring slant culture matter in hemicellulose hydrolysate, and cultivating for 24 hours under shake flask condition; centrifuging to remove the thallus, and then inoculating yeast strain capable of assimilating xylose to process fermentation; and selecting the detoxification active strain capable of effectively improving fermentation performance of hemicellulose dilute acid hydrolysate; (e) separating more than ten branches of sample according to the steps, to obtain a separated matter S-7 with strongest activity for improving the fermentation performance of hemicellulose hydrolysate; and (f) freezing the strain S-7 at 4 degrees C obtained by the steps or preserving by freeze-drying method. Preferred Strain: In the microbial strain, the homology between the nucleotide feature sequence of this strain in 26S rDNA D1/D2 region and the feature sequence with GenBank register number as EF030708 is 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In ensuring and monitoring electrolyzer (1) safety and performances in the manufacturing process, the predetermined range is based on learning, also assisted by artificial neural networks or solver engines, the historical relationship between single voltage, current and other operating parameters like temperature. The limits of safe single voltage operation range are the maximum voltage Umax(t) and the minimum voltage Umin(t) depending on the current I and the time t determined by respectively the following formulae: Umin(t)=U0,min+kmin/AxI(t) and Umax(t)-U0,max+kmax/AxI(t); where I(t) is the current passing through the cell; U0, min (33) and U0, max (31) are comprised respectively between 2.20 V and 2.40 V and between 2.60 V and 2.80 V; kmin (27) and kmax (29) are comprised respectively between 0.05 V.kA.m -2and 0.15 V.kA.m -2and between 0.15 V.kA.m -2and 0.25 V.kA.m -2; and A is comprised between 1.5 m 2and 5.4 m 2. The reference voltage deviation is equal to kxdI/dt/A; where k (25) is comprised between 0.1 V.kA.m -2and 0.2 V.kA.m -2and A is comprised between 1.5 m 2and 5.4 m 2. The method also comprises applying to a set of electrolyzing cells (2) mounted in series. Moreover, an aqueous solution comprising a salt of chloride is electrolyzed. Preferred System: In the system, the treatment device (205) is connected to a server (215) for receiving and analyzing the data issued from the treatment device (205); or connected to an intermediate device (221) configured to relay and/or format the determined data to the server (215). The acquisition and transmission units (203) are connected to the treatment device (205) by at least one optical fiber. The treatment device (205) comprises means for implementing the computer readable medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The reaction temperature is 100-600 degrees C (preferably 150-300 degrees C). Preferred Component: The metal containing catalyst contains group VIA metal, group VIIA metal, group VIII metal, group IB metal, group IIB metal and/or their allows. The metal is palladium, platinum, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, cobalt, iron, zinc and/or rhenium. The metal containing catalyst contains boron, tin, germanium and/or bismuth. The metal containing catalyst is supported by a carrier such as oxide and/or activated carbon. The oxide is silica, alumina, zirconia, zeolite, titania, ceria and/or silica-alumina. The amount of metal containing catalyst used is 0.1-30 mass% with respect to the carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water-soluble hydrocarbon has 2-12 carbons. The water-soluble hydrocarbon is glycerol, glyceraldehyde, glucose, sorbitol or sucrose. The water-soluble hydrocarbon is glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The Amaranthus spp is Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus gangeticus, Amaranthus graecizans, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus oleraceus, Amaranthus paniculatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus salicifolius, Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus tricolor. Preferred Method: The method comprises (a) recovering the soil where Amaranthus spp is growing, (b) mixing the soil with compost, (c) planting the market garden plant in the mixture, (d) letting the market plant growing and (e) harvesting it. The ratio of compost to soil is 90/10-95/5 (vol/vol.). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the coal-base carbon molecular sieve, the mass ratio of the soluble compound, coal raw material, adhesive agent, and water is 1-40:100:30-60:0.5-5, preferably 2:100:40:0.5-5. The soluble compound is a compound comprising sodium element or potassium element, preferably sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or sodium dodecyl sulfonate. The coal raw material is bituminous coal or anthracite with ash content of lower than 2%. The adhesive agent is coal tar, asphalt, or molasses. In (b), the inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere. In the activating process of (c), the volume ratio of the vapor to carbon dioxide in the mixed gas composed of vapor and carbon dioxide is 1:1. In (d), the bore adjusting agent is benzene or toluene. Preferred Conditions: In (a), drying is carried out at 60-120 degrees C, preferably 80 degrees C for 4-24 hours, preferably 12 hours. In (b), carbonizing is carried out at 400-700 degrees C, preferably 500-700 degrees C for 30-120 minutes, preferably 30-60 minutes. In (c), activating is carried out at 700-1000 degrees C, preferably 850-900 degrees C for 20-360 minutes, preferably 20-240 minutes. In (d), bore adjusting is carried out at 650-800 degrees C, preferably 800 degrees C for 5-60 minutes, preferably 15 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The device further comprises a gas heating device (2) for heating the processing gas and arranged between the processing gas supply device (1) and the waste processing room. The waste processing room (4) comprises a heater (17) for heating an object to be processed in the waste processing room (4). It further comprises a waste gas processing device (9) connected to the waste processing room (4) and including a waste processing room (91) containing a gas washing liquid, in which one end of the processing room gas outlet pipe (8) is connected to the waste exhaust (4b) and the other end extends to the gas washing liquid; and an ozone generator (2) connected to the waste gas processing room (91) by an ozone inlet pipe (10), whose end part is inserted to the gas washing liquid. It further comprising an ozone reducing device (13) for reducing rest ozone exhausted from the waste gas processing room and connected to the waste gas processing room (9) by a gas outlet pipe (14). The filter (15) for filtering the waste gas output from the waste gas processing room (4) is arranged between the waste processing room (4) and the waste gas processing room (9). The overflow plate (94) is positioned in the waste gas processing device (9) to divide the internal part into the waste gas processing room (91) and the overflow room (95).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the dual-purpose biogas generating pit, the straw fermenting tank (1), the gas generating tank (3), the water pressure tank (13) and the tank covers (6) are made of polyester resin organic glass fiber reinforced plastic, chlorine-oxygen-magnesium inorganic glass fiber reinforced plastic, different kinds of thermoplastic plastics and glass fiber reinforced plastic thermoplastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rhodium is 0.1-1 weight% with respect to total weight of catalyst. The content of nickel is 10-24 weight% with respect to total weight of catalyst. Preferred Property: The rhodium has specific surface area of 100-300 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid petroleum gas is propane and/or butane. The volume ratio of propane and butane is 10-40:60-90.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic process in the step (a) is carried out by an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, a sequencing batch reactor or an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. The anaerobic process in the step (a) comprises adding anaerobic biologic bacterial agent, where the anaerobic biologic bacterial agent is anaerobic polyacrylamide degradation functional flora and anaerobic petroleum degradation flora and the adding amount is 1-5 vol.% of the effective sewage in the reaction tank. The hydraulic residence time in the step (a) is 30 hours. The aerobic process in the step (b) is performed in an aeration biofilter or biomembrane reactor. The aerobic process in the step (b) comprises adding aerobic biologic bacterial agent, where the aerobic biologic bacterial agent is aerobic polyacrylamide degradation flora and aerobic petroleum degradation flora and the adding amount is 1-5 vol.% of the effective sewage in the reaction tank. The filter system in the step (b) adopts membrane bioreactor or biological filter material, where the biological filter material is iron ore, peacock green or cobblestone. The strengthening is performed by an aerobic process in the step (b) and the hydraulic residence time is 12 hours and then the yielding water from the aerobic process enters the filter system, where the hydraulic residence time is 6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The contents of charcoal dust and adhesive composition are 88-70 weight% and 12-30 weight%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The crop waste contains rice husk, and root, stem and leaf of plants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The clay additive contains aluminum silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain for fermenting the fresh cow dung in step (i) is Effective Microorganisms (EM) active bacteria. Preferred Method: Step (ii) is not required, if step (i) uses the Effective Microorganisms (EM) active bacteria as the strain for fermenting the fresh cow dung. During fermentation of fresh cow dung, every 1 ton of fresh cow dung is added with fermentation strain (15 kg) and water (45 kg) and brown sugar (1 kg) is added to the water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH is regulated to 6.5-7.5 by acetic acid, edible vinegar or citric acid when the pH is greater than 9. The pH is regulated to 6.5-7.5 by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5 mol/L) when the pH is 7.5-9. The pH is regulated to 6.5-7.5 by clear lime water when the pH is lesser than 6.5. The fresh cow dung is fermented under anaerobic condition till the temperature in the stack is raised on the second day. The temperature in the stack is 50-70 degrees C after 4-7 days, and then the temperature decreases. The film is removed and the stack is overturned to base surface from the top to remove the toxic gas, when the temperature in the stack is reduced to 40 degrees C. Step (ii) is carried out after 2-3 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst coating comprises copper, zinc, zirconium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, cerium, silicon, silica, titanium or their oxides, aluminum nitrates, acetates, chlorides, oxychlorides or other soluble salts, and aerogel of zirconia, alumina, ceria, calcia and/or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The siloxane compound is chosen from hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethyl pentasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane. Preferred Process: The method further involves generating absorption spectrum based on absorption spectrum of siloxane compounds, methane, ethane, water and/or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the water electrolysis system, the second pressure regulating valve has a preset pressure which is higher than a preset pressure of the first pressure regulating valve. The water electrolysis system further comprises a gas-liquid separator and a cooler, where the gas-liquid separator, the cooler, and the first pressure regulating valve are successively positioned in this order between the hydrogen outlet and the water adsorption apparatus, along a direction in which the hydrogen flows. Each of the first pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve comprises a back-pressure valve. The water electrolysis apparatus discharges the hydrogen under a pressure higher than a normal pressure. The water electrolysis system also comprises a bleeder passage having an on-off valve, the bleeder passage being connected between the first pressure regulating valve and the water adsorbing apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of cationic polymer is 50-1000 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: The addition of hydrolase is performed in waste paper regenerating step. The addition of cationic polymer is performed in waste paper regenerating step and papermaking process. The hydrolase dilution liquid (0.001-3 wt.%) is added to container containing pulp slurry (2-25 wt.%, preferably 10-25 wt.%), maintaining for 0.5-24 hours and carrying out enzyme reaction at 25-70 degrees C. The seed box of paper machine has turbidity of 500 FTU or less. Preferred Composition: The hydrolase contains esterase. Preferred Process: The method further involves adding paper stock containing pulp other than regenerated pulp, filler and paper manufacturing chemicals to pulp slurry and subjecting the paper stock to neutral papermaking process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, or calcium magnesium phosphate. The slaked organic matter comprises fermented rapeseed powder, meat and bone powder, hydrolyzed feather powder, and urea. The chelating micronutrient fertilizer comprises EDTA and iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, and cobalt chelated by amino acid powder. The biological agent comprises Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and saccharomycetes. The complex ore is zeolite and medical stone. The water quality modifier is sodium humate and/or calcium chloride. The chelating micronutrient fertilizer comprises (%) amino acid powder (28.83), EDTA (20), feed-grade ferrous sulfate (30), feed-grade magnesium sulfate (15), feed-grade manganese sulfate (3), feed-grade copper sulfate (0.6), feed-grade zinc sulfate (2), feed-grade cobalt sulfate (0.05), molybdenum fertilizer (0.02), and boron fertilizer (0.5). The fertilizer comprises (kg) slaked organic matter (60), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (8), diammonium phosphate (3), monoammonium phosphate (3), monopotassium phosphate (3), potassium sulfate (3), ammonium nitrate (10), chelating micronutrient fertilizer (3), microbiological agent (5), sodium humate (1), and medical stone powder (1). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-producing material contains a metal (e.g. aluminum, magnesium and/or their alloy) and heat generating material (e.g. calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and/or calcium sulfate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigerant comprises propane (36-32 weight%) and difluoromethane (64-68 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is vitamin E or vitamin C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The natural antioxidant is obtained by drying Smallanthus sonchifolius leaves, Acer truncatum and auranti cortex siccatus and milling, mixing with ethanol, extracting, concentrating and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Biomass is agricultural forest waste material. The biomass powder is grain powder obtained by crushing biomass and having diameter of less than 2 mm. The additive is desulfurization additive and dechlorinating additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of chloroform, methanol and water is 2:1:0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each basic paper piece is coated with 20-300 mg of pyrethroid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pyrethroid is transfluthrin, tetrafluorated etofenprox and/or chlorempenthrin. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mite is Tetranychus cinnabarinus female mite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acaricide is prepared by adding solubilizer, synergistic agent, emulsifier and/or suspending agent and penetrating agent to the alpha -amyrin. The solvent is water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, toluene, dimethylbenzene, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatics or purified petroleum benzene. The synergistic agent is tea saponin, 2-chlorophenyl sulfur compound of formula 2-ClC6H4N=OCH3SCH3, methylenedioxy benzene derivatives, 6-vinyldecanal and octachloro-dipropyl ether. The acaricide emulsifiable concentrate comprises alpha -amyrin (40%, preferably 30%), solubilizer (40%, preferably 30%), synergistic agent (10%), emulsifier (10%) and penetrating agent (10%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solubilizer is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polysorbate, polyethyleneglycol, sorbitol polyethylene ether, lignosulfonate, tea seed or Chinese honey locust fruit. The emulsifying agent is soap, sodium stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-dodecyldimethylamine, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxypropylene ether, p-octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid and alkyl-aryl sulfonates. The penetrating agent is benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, azone or triphenylphosphine. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out by a direct energy utilization of methane and some oil portions are produced by the method of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. In the method ammonia is utilized as a nitrogen source. The metabolic activities of a mixture of microorganisms are based on different bases, preferably based on the pure conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the utilization of waste water, of hydrocarbons and/or of metabolic products of other organisms. The process of methanogenesis is carried out in the atmospheric pressure range, with appropriate selection of the microorganisms, preferably in a pressure range of up to about 100 bar, preferably about 10 bar. A production of nitrogen fertilizer takes place from ammonia produced by the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which is led to temporary storage. An exposing of a simple fatty acids takes place for the methanogenesis by an incomplete hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, where the proteins are broken down into fatty acids. Algae and bacteria from other sources, preferably micro-organisms from sewage-treatment and/or macro-algae are made available as a carbon and energy source of methanogenesis. A utilization of industrial waste hydrogen, preferably from a chlorine gas production takes place by methanogenic bacteria. Zeolites and/or porous ceramics, preferably in a modified, metallized form, preferably in combination with activated charcoal are utilized for the availability of effluent in the reaction system. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, preferably mutant HHPM1 is used for the hydrogen production. Preferred Components: The entry of gases and/or solutions or suspensions and/or dispersions of the reactor content takes place by at least one pumping device by the micro-reactor. The micro reactor consists of a tube bundle in combination with T-shaped nozzles, meanders and/or cross-flow reactors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of copper and molybdenum is 5-10:1. The catalyst contains 0.1-20 wt.% of copper and 0.1-10% of molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophobic binder is selected from perfluoro polymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide polymer, polyetherimide polymer, polyphenylenesulfide polymer, polysulfone polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, polyether ketone polymer, polyether-ether ketone polymer and polyquinoxaline polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pesticide further comprises an emulsifier (2-5% of the total weight of all the raw materials). Preferred Components: The pesticide is in the form of powder. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of levofloxacin fluoride carboxylic acid and N-methylpiperazine is 1:2.5-6. The volume ratio of residue and water is 1:2-6. The alkali is chosen from aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The biomass is vinegar residue. The catalyst is pyritic cinder or iron oxide waste residue. The combustion improver is sodium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is chosen from sweet potato, yam, root of kudzu vine, cassava and potato. The hydrogen producing bacteria is chosen from Clostridium chartatabidum, C.colicanis, Bacillus species and C.butyricum. The photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis and R.palustris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fermentative hydrogen producing culture medium contains (in g) ferric chloride (0.001-0.01), sodium molybdate heptahydrate (0.002-0.02), growth factor (0.1-0.5) and water (1 l). The growth factor is chosen from yeast extract, peptone, beef extract, beer wort and corn steep liquor. The substrate density of the biomass is 1-10 g (dry weight)/l. The growth culture medium of the photosynthetic bacteria comprises (in g) sodium succinate (9.8), yeast extract (1), ammonium bisulfate (1.25), monopotassium phosphate (0.5), disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.6), sodium chloride (0.2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.6), calcium chloride (0.05), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (1 mg), ammonium heptamolybdate (0.5 mg), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.01 mg), zinc chloride (0.1 mg), copper chloride (0.01 mg), boric acid (2 mg), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (2 mg), vitamin B1 (1 mg), biotin (15 mu g) and distilled water (1 l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide. The concentration of sodium chloride is 5-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. The polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, or N,N-dimethyl formamide. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 5-40 degrees C for 4-24 hours. ACTIVITY - Cardiant; Antiarrhythmic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Beta-1 receptor blocker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of inorganic alkaline aqueous solution is 5-20 (preferably 12-15) mL corresponding to 1 g 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1,2-benzoisoxazole hydrochloride. The inorganic alkaline aqueous solution is 10-30 (preferably 13)% alkaline metal carbonate aqueous solution. The alkaline metal carbonate in alkaline metal carbonate aqueous solution is sodium carbonate, and/or preferably potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mole ratio of 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1,2-benzoisoxazole hydrochloride to 1-(4-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl) ethanone is 1:1-2 (preferably 1:1.1-1.3). Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 60-100 (preferably 80-90) degrees C for 0.5-3 (preferably 1.5-2) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The aerosol formulation is prepared by using 30% of coal-based acid, 15% of potassium ferrate and 55% of water. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The liquid (L1) comprises (wt.%) spinosad (0.1-10), lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, lufenuron or chlorpyrifos (1-30) solvent (1-30), emulsifier (4-20) and methyl ester of vegetable oil (balance).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is acetone, alkyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, isopropanol and isobutanol. The methyl ester of vegetable oil is methyl ester of palm oil, methyl ester of coconut oil, methyl ester of soybean oil and/or methyl oleate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is pesticide emulsifier No. 500, No. 700, No. 601, No. 602, No. 404, No. 1601, No. 1602, 0.201B, 0203B, 0206B, AEO-3, Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), Span 20 (RTM: sorbitan monolaurate), Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) and/or Tween 20 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises: cutting the dry straw hood, the dry straw, the dry scandent hop and the dry soybean stem into 10-40 cm, blending the fresh pig manure, the fresh cow manure, calcium super phosphate, gypsum powder, urea, soybean cake powder with a grass material, adding lime water (4%) to the mixture, uniformly stirring, piling, fermenting, stirring once per two days and continuously stirring for 5 times. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The traditional Chinese medicinal composition comprises (in parts weight): pseudoginseng (3.75, preferably 3.25, more preferably 3.5), Angelica (1.5, preferably 1.25, more preferably 1), Achyranthes (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), medlar (1.5, preferably 1.75, more preferably 1.25), herba epimedii (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), oyster (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), glossy privet fruit (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), fiveleaf Gynostemma herb (1.5, preferably 1.25, more preferably 1), colla corii asini (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), black bean (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5), and licorice (1, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.5). ACTIVITY - Osteopathic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The immunoregulatory factor comprises (in wt.%): levamisole hydrochloride (10-60), FK-565 (10-50) and MDP (10-50). The total amount of protein in the immune polysaccharide intensifier is N, where N is 1-5%. Preferred Method: The method involves adding immune polysaccharide intensifier (X) into 100 kg of aquiculture feedstuff, where X is 20-80 g. The immune polysaccharide intensifier (Y) is added into every 100 kg of aquiculture feedstuff, where Y is 80-150 g. ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insect Repellent; Antibacterial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The supersaturated fertilizer solution comprises a solution of solid potassium nitrate (50 wt.%), exopolysaccharide (0.5 wt.%) and water (49.5 wt.%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Property: The amino acid nano fertilizer has pH of more than 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layered clay material contains smectite or layered dihydroxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The floor bedding comprises raw materials (in pts.wt.): agricultural crushed straw (60-80), waste residue obtained from fermentation industry (20-40), nutritional additive for microbial growth (0.4-0.8) and microbial inoculum for microbial fermentation (0.02-0.1). Preferred Components: The waste residue obtained from fermentation industry includes soy brewing industry waste residue, vinegar brewing industrial waste residue or lees, where lees are white spirit lees, beer lees, fruit wine lees or yellow wine lees. The fermented microbial inoculum is selected from yeast, Lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, actinomycetes or linear fungus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutritional additive used for microbial growth is calcium superphosphate, potassium carbonate, magnesium sulfate or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture material of A.auricula comprises (in parts weight) weed-tree sawdust (45), maize straw powder (45), wheat bran or rice chaff (10), corn powder (2), gypsum (1) and lime powder (0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The first mixed microorganism is deposited under accession number KACC P-91274, and the second mixed microorganism is deposited under accession number KACC P-91409. The culturing process is performed at 30-60 degrees C. The method further involves sterilizing the microorganisms for 30 minutes at 120-140 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The liquid fertilizer comprises oregano extract (0.001-1 wt.%). The liquid fertilizer further comprises livestock excretions. Preferred Method: The 105-109 colony forming units of decomposing microorganisms are inoculated per ml of supernatant, and 0.05-0.3 parts weight of molasses is added into 100 parts weight of supernatant. The fermentation is performed at 25-35 degrees C for 2-4 weeks. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Component: The encapsulated inulin prebiotic has a particle diameter of 100-200 mu m. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Antidiabetic; Anorectic; Cytostatic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves using aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of thermally converting includes a synthesis gas as a carrier gas in a pyrolysis reactor. The process further comprises: producing an oil phase in a first condenser and producing an aqueous phase in a second condenser, where the first and second condensers are in a series; separating sugars from phenols in the oil phase via liquid-liquid extraction with a solvent; and converting at least a fraction of sugars in the oil phase to ethanol. The step of treating a biomass and modifying the structure of cellulose include heating the biomass at a first temperature of 200-300 degrees C for 3 minutes to 10 hours, or 1 minute to 10 hours, where the first temperature is inversely related to the period of time. The first temperature and heating period of time are selected to enhance the anhydrosugar content in the product from thermally converting the heated biomass. Preferred Components: The oil phase contains sugars, and the process further comprises converting at least a fraction of the sugars into lipids. The first crystallinity of the biomass corresponds to a first anhydrosugar content of the pyrolysis product, and modifying the structure of cellulose includes: modifying the structure of cellulose to have a second crystallinity and/or a degree of polymerization corresponding to a second anhydrosugar content higher than the first anhydrosugar content of the pyrolysis product; or enhancing the anhydrosugar content of the pyrolysis product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the digesting and reacting system for biomass waste, 1 to 5 layers of rotary wheels (6) are installed on the isolating block (6) and 1 to 5 rotary wheels (8) are arranged in parallel in every layer. The isolating block (6) is brick wall structure or a corrosion resistant material plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganism bactericide comprises Bacillus ZL-1010, Bacillus subtilis ZL-1007, Bacillus sphaericus ZL1008, Bacillus licheniformis ZL-1013, and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZL-1011; or sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, crop straw and/or hull.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antimicrobial; Virucide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass starting material containing type I cellulose is woody biomass. The average particle diameter of the starting material for enzyme saccharification is 5-80 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon pulp comprises (wt.%) biological carbon (40, preferably 48), garbage leachate (38, preferably 25), methanol (20, preferably 17), high temperature sand (1, preferably 1.5), and additive (1, preferably 0.5). Preferred Component: The additive comprises a dispersant and a stabilizer. The carbon pulp further comprises life sludge (1-10 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 5-7C saturated paraffin is pentane, heptane, hexane, and/or 2-methylbutane. The solvent oil is obtained by mixing solvent oil #120 and solvent oil #200. The 4-6C prim. alcohol is pentanol, tert-butanol, n-butyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol and/or n-hexylalcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves pasteurizing the mixed material at (i) at least 70 degrees C for at least 30 minutes (ii) at least pH 12 for at least 2 hours; and (iii) at least pH 11.5 for an additional 22 hours, to provide the stable product. The process involves removing ammonia released during the pasteurizing step (b); and involves shredding or further conditioning the pasteurized product. Preferred Apparatus: The mixing unit comprises (i) a first alkaline material first storage and feeding unit; (ii) a second alkaline material second storage and feeding unit; and (iii) intimate mixing unit for intimately mixing the first alkaline material fed from the first storage and feeding unit with the second alkaline material fed from the second storage and feeding unit to provide a resultant mixture. Each of the first and the second alkaline material storage and feeding unit comprises a silo. The intimate mixing unit comprises a conveyer mixer. The portable apparatus further comprises the pasteurization unit. The transportation unit comprises a motorized vehicle, trailer or a railcar. The pasteurization unit comprises a pasteurization container. The portable apparatus comprises dispensing unit for dispensing the resultant admixture from or on the transportation unit to the pasteurization unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first alkaline material is a low-reactivity material. The first alkaline material is selected from cement-kiln dust, lime-kiln dust and flyash or other simolat material. The second alkaline material is a high-reactivity material (preferably quicklime and slaked lime). The ratio of the first alkaline material to the second alkaline material is 2:1-8:1 (preferably 3:1-5:1) by wet weight. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data is given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel composition further comprises additives for improving some of its properties including ignition quality, cold flow characteristics, resistance to microbial degradation and tribological characteristics. Preferred Components: (I) is a mixture of fatty acids obtained by the saponification of a vegetable or animal oil and/or fat. (II) is: N-(2-aminoethyl-1,2-ethanediamine), also known as diethylene triamine; mixed polyamine triethylene tetramine; or mixed polyamine tetraethylene pentamine. The substance or mixture of substances is present at 0.01-1 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: vegetable oil blend (comprising rapeseed oil (65%) and used frying oil (35%)); oleic acid (141 g); tetramethylguanidine (0.25 g); and tetraethylene pentamine (50 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The inhibition of Tla1 gene expression is determined by measuring the level of Tla1 protein. Preferred Components: (a1) is Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Scenedesmus obliquus or Chlorella vulgaris. (a2) is Botryococcus braunii or B. sudeticus. (a3) is Dunaliella salina. (a4) is Haematococcus pluvialis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Processes: The formation of solid waste into organic based fertilizer includes subjecting solid waste to anaerobic digestion to produce methane and wet by-product; pressing wet by-product into filter cake and filtrate; and forming filter cake into organic based fertilizer. The formation further comprises lysing cells present in the solid waste prior to subjecting the solid waste to anaerobic digestion. The method further comprises treating liquid waste with chemical prior to clarifying the liquid waste, where the chemical is selected from the group consisting of a coagulating agent, a flocculating agent and lime; and using portion of the supernatant as liquid fertilizer, and using portion of the aqueous solution as a liquid fertilizer. The production comprises collecting slurry of animal waste, pressing slurry into first filter cake and filtrate, clarifying filtrate to produce supernatant and sludge, pressing sludge into second filter cake, extracting ammonia from supernatant to produce ammonium salt and aqueous solution, filtering aqueous solution to produce a concentrate and usable water, using ammonium salt and concentrate to supplement filter cakes, and forming filter cake into organic based fertilizer. The method further comprises subjecting slurry to anaerobic digestion to produce methane and wet by-product pressed into first filter cake and filtrate; treating slurry of animal waste with chemical prior to pressing slurry into filter cake and filtrate, the chemical comprising coagulating agent, flocculating agent and lime; and using a portion of the supernatant as a liquid fertilizer, and using a portion of the aqueous solution as a liquid fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the alkali/alkaline earth metal bromide and alkali/alkaline earth metal bromate salts is 2:1-2.1:1. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or perchloric acid. Preferred Process: The bromination reaction is conducted by addition of solid brominating reagent to the aqueous solution containing 4-hydroxy benzonitrile and inorganic acid. The temperature of the reaction is maintained at 25-35 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 4-Hydroxybenzonitrile (0.084 mole) was taken in flask (1 l), and aqueous brominating reagent solution (comprising the bromide and bromate in 2:1 molar ratio with the active (reactive) bromide content of 14.57 wt./vol.%) (0.167 mole) and water (310 ml) were added to it. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously to dissolve 4-hydroxybenzonitrile completely. Then 36% hydrochloric acid (18 ml) was added slowly under stirring over a period of 2 hours at 28 degrees C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with deionized water, the solid material was allowed to dry at 160 mm Hg pressure and then dried in oven at 80 degrees C to give 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (23.10 g, 99%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The vegetable material is at least one of timber other than tree bark, tree bark, rice straw, herbs, chaff and reed. The mixture is spread material of livestock barn. The livestock excrement is hen droppings. Preferred Composition: The mixture further contains charcoal and rice bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ethanol gasoline modifier comprises (wt.%) fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (73), dimethyl carbonate (17), ethyl oleate (7), and p-tertiary butyl phenol (3). The ethanol- gasoline comprises (wt.%) modified ethanol (10-40, preferably 23), gasoline (58-84, preferably 73), and modifier (2-6, preferably 4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In manufacturing oil component, the oil component contains a 14-22C aliphatic hydrocarbon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic waste is shochu liquor lees, starch lees, and the separated liquid fraction. Mushroom is yamabushitake mushroom Hericium erinaceum, oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, and/or eryngii mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. Odor component contains lower fatty acid and fatty acid ester, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lauric acid, ethyl palmitate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate or ethyl arachidate. Mushroom fruiting body contains 3-octanone and 1-octene-3-ol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The cylindrical portion (11) is nickel-based ferritic stainless steel or chromium-based alloy. The cylindrical portion (19) is a multilayered structure in which material containing layer of zirconia main phase differs. The cylindrical portion (11) contains iron-22% chromium ferrite-type alloy. The cylindrical portion (19) contains layer of cermet containing zirconia, nickel, nickel oxide, yttrium or scandium or layer of cermet containing lanthanum-gallate-type oxide, ceria-type oxide, nickel and/or nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further involves separating hydrogen gas swept away with steam from steam by condensing steam. The process (P2) further involves removing water from reactant gases; heating heated environment by burning some of hydrogen gas; producing steam by passing some of water through a heat exchanger; heating heated environment to a temperature of greater than 550 degrees C. In the process (P2), the fuel cell generates water when producing power and the water is recycled for use in reacting with hydrocarbon fuel. The step of providing a hydrocarbon fuel involves providing a hydrocarbon fuel selected from diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, propane, natural gas and alcohols. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsifier is a mixture of Span-type compound and Tween-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing free radical is methyl radical or hydrogen. The reaction system is acetone, water vapor and natural rubber. The acetone is referred to as the precursor for generating the methyl radical. The water vapor is referred to as the precursor for generating hydrogen. The unvulcanized natural rubber is referred to as the precursor for generating the alkenyl-type free radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-noble metal cathode hydrogen evolution catalyst comprises nickel and iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, tin and/or manganese. The non-noble metal anode hydrogen evolution catalyst comprises two or more of oxides or hydroxides of iron, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, tin and manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkali polymer electrolyte is tetravalent polyetheretherketone, polyether sulfone, polysulfone and polyarylsulfone. The cathode catalyst layer and anode catalyst layer further comprise adhesive chosen from polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl versatate. Preferred Layers: The cathode porous supporting layer and anode porous supporting layer are carbon fiber base porous supporting layer or metal base porous supporting layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unleaded petrol further includes 0.01-0.06 pts.wt. phosphorized polyisobutene barium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the cyazofamid and Polyram (RTM: Fungicide)is 5-50:5-80 and the combined ratio is 10-83%. The cyazofamid and Polyram (RTM: Fungicide)are mixed with an adjuvant and a co-solvent and prepared in an agriculturally acceptable formulations e.g. a suspension, a aqueous emulsion, a micro emulsion, a wettable powder, a water dispersible granule or a micro capsule. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The active ingredient component comprises formic acid in an amount of 15-50% vol/vol in aqueous solution. The second acidic component comprises citric acid in an amount of 10-40% wt/vol in aqueous solution. The composition: is aqueous; and comprises additional pesticidal agents (less than 2%). The aqueous concentrate comprises 25 ml of formic acid and 20 g of citric acid in every 100 ml of concentrate. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Herbicide; Fungicide; Nematocide. The ability of the pesticidal composition to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was tested using nylon membrane bag assay in soil. The results showed that the pesticidal composition (1500 mg/kg soil) exhibited a mortality rate of 97.2%, when compared to streptomycin (1500 mg/kg soil) that exhibited a mortality rate of 75.3%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the pesticidal composition is by fumigation or by spraying or injecting into the soil (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - Typical pesticidal composition comprised of: formic acid (12 ml/100 ml); citric acid (38 g/100 ml); and water (50 ml/100ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparation of biomass-based pellets involves using sodium sulfate and/or caustic soda.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises rhodium, carbon or aluminum oxide support, metal chosen from iron, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, palladium, iridium or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The carbonaceous material undergoes hydrogenation reaction or sulfur elimination reaction. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon undergoes a ring opening reaction. The reaction mixture is maintained at 160 degrees C or less, preferably 120 degrees C or less and more preferably 60 degrees C or less. The hydrocarbon capable of transporting through pipeline is extracted form the reaction mixture. Preferred Composition: The supercritical fluid comprises carbon dioxide or hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition has a pH of 6-8. The composition comprises: limonene component (15-25 wt.%); a wetting agent (0.02-1 wt.%); and a pH modifier, which is potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Preferred Method: In the spraying step, the herbicidal composition contacts at least about 60% of the surface area of the plant leaves.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wetting agent is a silicone surfactant, which is anionic and/or nonionic surfactant. The emulsifying agent is an anionic or nonionic surfactant, which comprises of a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant, nonoxynol surfactant and/or polypropylene glycol surfactant. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the composition is 0.5-100 gal/acre by spraying (claimed).    EXAMPLE - Limonene (94 wt/wt.%), Tergitol NP-8 (RTM: Nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant) (1.3 wt/wt.%), Tergitol NP-9 (RTM: Nonoxynol 9.5 surfactant) (2 wt/wt.%), Pluracol P-425 (RTM: Polypropylene glycol surfactant) were added one by one, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes after each addition and before adding the next component, to ensure complete and homogeneous blending of the components. After all the components were mixed, the batch was agitated for another 10 minutes and herbicide formulation was obtained. The formulation was diluted with water to 3:1 (water:herbicide) ratio by volume to give the herbicide composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The fuel processor is a non-catalytic fuel precursor. The fuel processor has a particulate filter (62) for trapping carbon particulates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gasoline is gasoline label 90, gasoline label 93 or gasoline label 97. The additive comprises (in vol.%) n-butanol (3-8), octahydroxyquinoline (0.5-2), alkylphenol (0.5-1.5), alkyl phosphoric acid amine (0.2-1), propylene diamine (0.1-0.5) and mono or di-t-butyl aldehyde p-cresol (0.05-0.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isomethyl stearate is a mixture of branched-chain methyl stearate with no double bonds, where the methyl can be in any position, and is of formula (CH3-(CH2)m-CH(CH3)-(CH2)n-COOCH3) (where the addition of m and n is 14). The specified proportion of the biomass diesel fuel is greater than 97% and that of the isomethyl stearate is less than 3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material is residue of oil from rapeseed, rice bran, cottonseed, soy bean and sunflower. The odor regulating agent is edible vanillin or lavender oil. The agent which improves calorific value is acetone or n-amyl alcohol, preferably acetone. The antismoking agent is calcium phytate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate, preferably hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material is residue of oil from rapeseed, rice bran, cottonseed, soy bean and sunflower. The agent which improves heat value is acetone or petroleum ether, preferably acetone. The metal corrosion inhibitor is triethanolamine. The antismoking agent is calcium phytate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal-based oil comprises (in parts weight) direct liquefied coal oil (0-50), former distilled element (10-50) of high temperature coke oil at less than 340 degrees C, mediate temperature hydrogenated coke oil (0-25), shale oil (0-25), gasification light oil (0-40) and desulfated light coke benzene (0-20). Preferred Process: A coal gangue is heated at 800-900 degrees C and crushed to fine powder of 500-1000 meshes, to obtain a rough coal serial kaolin, and the hole is expanded using alkali solution by hydrothermal method, washed using water and baked. Then, concentrated sulfuric acid (3-5 weight%) is added to the obtained rough coal serial kaolin, and dried at 200-250 degrees C, to obtain a coal serial kaolin as catalyst element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microalgae is blue algae or green algae. The concentration of inoculum for culturing process is 5-20 vol.%. Preferred Method: The method further involves screening and processing anaerobic activated sludge from harvested microalgae, and obtaining preponderant hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria activated sludge and preponderant methanogenic bacteria activated sludge. The method further involves collecting microalgae by filtration or centrifugation. The biohydrogen production is performed by fermenting the substrate, then mixing with preponderant hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria activated sludge, performing aerogenesis for constant days, ending the reaction and obtaining highly pure hydrogen and intermediate product of acetic acid. The temperature for biohydrogen production is controlled at 30-40 degrees C and the pH is regulated to be 4.0-4.5. The biomethanation involves after hydrogen production, regulating pH of the fermentation broth to be 6.8-7.5, then mixing with waste having high content of carbon, regulating the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the mixture, adding the preponderant methanogenic bacteria activated sludge into the mixture and performing methane fermentation, where the mole ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the waste of the biomethanation is regulated to be (20-30):1. The temperature for biomethanation is controlled at 30-35 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkali is sodium hydroxide.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the dairy manure fuel block comprises 1000 kg of semi-dried dairy manure, 1 kg of nitrate, 1 kg of potassium permanganate, and 1.5 kg of sodium chloride; where the semi-dried dairy manure contains 40 wt.% of water. The honeycomb briquet in (c) is 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm high.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Contents: The nanometer biological technology colloid beam solution, silver colloid and nanometer titanium dioxide are nanometer-grade material with grain size of 5-50 nm. The weight percent of the domestic sludge or animal waste is not greater than 80%. The weight percents of the nanometer biological technology colloid beam solution, silver colloid, nanometer titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide are all 0.5-5%. The concentration of phosphoric acid is 85% and weight percent of the phosphoric acid is 1-15%. The concentration of the aqueous ammonia is 20% and weight percent of the aqueous ammonia is 1-15%. The weight percent of the magnesium carbonate is 1-15%. The weight percent of the calcium oxide is 1-50% and weight percent of the zeolite is 1-50%. The weight percents of the urea and potassium nitrate are 10-20%. The artificial soil comprises (wt.%) cement (20-80), fly ash (10-50), cement coagulation accelerator (0.2-1) and efficient water-reducing agent (0.2-1). Preferred Components: The nanometer titanium dioxide is anatase type titanium dioxide and/or rutile titanium dioxide. The formulation further comprises urea and potassium nitrate. The cement coagulation accelerator is calcium chloride. The water-reducing agent is polycarboxylic acid ether or polycarbonate. Preferred Processes: The soil conditioner is obtained by mixing artificial soil and granulating the formulation. The grain fertilizer is obtained by mixing artificial soil and granulating the formulation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reactor is used comprising at least two beds of sintered metal particles, the first bed for step (1) being separated from the second bed for step (2) through a heat exchanging wall, and where in the first bed the conversion of methanol or fuel gas with air oxygen takes place and in the second bed the production of hydrogen from methanol occurs, where a separate water flow is introduced into the second bed, together with the methanol. The two steps are carried out consecutively in a first bed and a second bed downstream of the first bed, where methanol and air are introduced into the first bed to convert part of the methanol to generate heat for step (2), and subsequently transferring the reaction mixture containing unconverted methanol to the second bed, where the two beds are in heat exchanging relationship. The temperature in the first and the second step is at least 150 (preferably 200) degrees C. The catalyst in step (1) is a precious metal catalyst, for example based on platinum and/or palladium. The catalyst in step (2) is based on copper on zinc oxide. The pressure is between atmospheric and 20 bar(a), where carbon monoxide in the hydrogen produced in step (2) is removed by preferential catalytic oxidation, preferably using a precious metal catalyst, such as a catalyst based on platinum, palladium or gold. Preferred Components: The sintered metal is selected from copper, copper alloys, such as bronze, and nickel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Mutant: in mutant, variant or derivative of the Bionectria ochroleuca, the carbon sources are selected from soybean oil, glycerol, glucose or bioplastic polybutylene succinate, where the concentration of the carbon sources is 1-10 wt.%. Preferred Method: Decomposing bioplastic comprises culturing the Bionectria ochroleuca to prepare bacterial strain culture or fermentation culture solution; using the prepared bacterial strain culture or fermentation culture solution to decompose the bioplastic; and control the pH value of 4-11 of the environment for culturing the microorganism and decomposing the bioplastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The reaction vessel is heated to 300-400 degrees C at 10-70 degrees C/minute under 15-25 MPa for 30-120 minutes. The liquid is collected at 45-450 degrees C. Water or alcohol is added as heat transfer medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The method uses metal salt (0.1-8, preferably 2-5)% as catalyst. The metal salt is a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and/or barium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw materials used in the reaction are anabaena and/or freshwater aquatic plant. The aquatic plant is emergent aquatic plant, floating-leaf water plant, submerged plant and/or free floating plant. The alcohol is short chain carbon alcohol, preferably methanol and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The particle diameter of oil drop of dispersed vegetable oil is 1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of surfactant with respect to total amount of water and vegetable oil in emulsion is 0.3-7 wt.%. The plant oil-and-water property emulsion further contains 0.1-5 wt.% of sorbitan ester and 0.001-20 wt.% of rust preventive agent with respect to total amount of water and vegetable oil in emulsion. The weight proportion of vegetable oil/water is 90/10-50/50. The vegetable oil is coconut oil (palm oil or palm kernel oil) or its ester, Jatropha oil or its ester and/or castor oil or its ester. The sorbitan ester of dispersion stabilizer is carboxylic acid monoester with 12-18 carbons, diester, and triester. The mixture ratio (weight ratio) of vegetable oil/water/surfactant/sorbitan ester is 90-50/9.7-49.7/0.3-7/0-3. Preferred Process: The mixing/stirring process further involves performing homogenization process. The mixing process of vegetable oil and surfactant is performed for 1 minute-1 hour. The mixing process of pre-mix liquid and water is performed for 3 minutes-3 hours. The mixing/stirring process of dispersion stabilizer and aqueous dispersion is performed for 1 minute-1 hour. Preferred Definitions:    R1=10-20C alkyl;    R2=ethylene; and    n=5-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises immersing lignite in methanol at a weight ratio of 1:2 to 1:5, dissolving and expanding under room temperature and normal pressure, adjusting pH value to 7-9, heating and pressurizing to crystallize, and extracting for 5-60 minutes at constant temperature to obtain extracting solution and residue. The crystallization is carried out at 250-280 degrees C under 8-10 MPa. Preferred Component: Sodium hydroxide (0.07-0.67%) is used for adjusting pH value of the expanded mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is corn, Sorghum, millet, Miscanthus, sugarcane, poplar, pine, Eucalyptus, wheat, rice, soy, cotton, barley, switchgrass, turfgrass, ryegrass, bahiagrass, bermudagrass, dallisgrass, pangola grass, big bluestem, Indian grass, fescue, Dactylis sp. Brachypodium, smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, Kochia, forage soybeans, alfalfa, clover, hemp, kenaf, tobacco, potato, bamboo, rape, sugar beet, sunflower or willow.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method of improving the final yield, the steps of degrading the plant material and fermenting the degradation products occur in the same reaction mixture or in the separate reaction mixture, where the improvement of the efficiency of the fermentation reaction is an increase in the amount of enzymatically degraded degradation product obtained per unit enzyme over a period of time compared to the amount of product obtained using corresponding plant material from a wild type Cas1L plant per unit enzyme over the same period of time. The method of engineering further comprises determining the level of acetylation in the cell wall of the plant. Preferred Components: The mutant Cas1L plant has been engineered to decrease the activity of at least two or three Cas1L genes. The plant is a transgenic plant that comprises a vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an RNAi that inhibits the expression of the Cas1L gene. The two engineered plants are grass plants. The material is present in a fermentation reaction. The plant is a grass. The polysaccharide is homogalacturonan or pectin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer is an olefinic polymer. The olefinic polymer material is linear polyethylene. The nickel-63 (Ni-63) in combination with the organic polymer material is present at greater than or equal to 1 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fig residue is soaked in 60-80 degrees C of water. The washed fig residue is milled by a colloidal mill. The method involves adding milled fig residue into reaction kettle and mixing with 2-5 fold of water and adding compound enzyme (0.5-2%), heating the mixture at 45-55 degrees C, agitating at constant temperature, degrading the mixture for 2-4 hours, and heating the mixture at 90-95 degrees C. The method involves separating the solid portion obtained from the enzymolysis, washing the separated solid portion at 60-70 degrees C of water, filtering and precipitating the product using 4 fold (by volume) of 90% ethanol at 60 degrees C to obtain soluble dietary fiber, where the precipitate separated from the filtrate is mixed with the residue to obtain final precipitate. The final precipitate is dried at 60-70 degrees C, under 0.06-0.08 MPa in vacuum until the moisture content is below 5% to obtain dietary fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methyl isostearate is mixture of branched methyl stearate with no double bonds, and is of formula: CH3-(CH2)m-CH(-CH3)(-CH2)n-COOCH3.m+n=14.The amount of biomass diesel fuel is more than 97% and the amount of methyl isostearate is less than 3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel further comprises (in wt.%) straw (30-90 or 10-50) and coal (10-80).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polycarbon source comprises carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and/or methane. The catalyst is copper-based catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grease has an acid value greater than 50 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The grease is cooking oil, waste oil from foodstuffs industries, rubber seed oil, palm oil, rough bran oil, foots, or Barbados nut oil, preferably cooking oil. The molar ratio of alcohol to grease is 15-25%. The alcohol is methane or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl in aliphatic acid monoalkyl ester is 1-5C alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl. The product of ester exchange reaction of oil is product of ester exchange reaction between oil and 1-5C monohydric fatty alcohol. The monohydric fatty alcohol is methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol. The product of ester exchange reaction of oil is non-separated or partially-separated raw ester mixture or raw biodiesel containing aliphatic acid monoalkyl ester. The polyalcohol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerine and/or pentaerythritol, preferably ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, glycerine, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentaerythritol and/or 2,3-pentaerythritol. Ammonia is ammonia gas or aqueous ammonia. The concentration of ammonia in aqueous solution is 0.1-100 weight%. The molar ratio of ammonia to free fatty acid is 1-10:1. The weight ratio of polyalcohol to the product of ester exchange reaction is 1-100:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The harmonic diesel oil preferably contains low temperature coal tar (76), cetane number improver (3), low temperature fluidity improver (3.5), ignition assistant (3.5) and lacquer solvent (14).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The boiling range of heavy naphtha is 40-205 degrees C and the content of saturated alkyl hydrocarbon is 70% of the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass is water hyacinth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste contains (in parts weight) anthracite (40-75), biomass (1-15), water (20-40) and dispersing agent (0.1-5). Preferred Process: Anthracite is ball milled to less than 0.074 mm. Fresh water hyacinth is dried and ground to less than 0.125 mm. Water and dispersing agent are mixed in preset mass ratio, and anthracite and water hyacinth are added and mixed uniformly to obtain the paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is sodium polystyrene sulfonate, methene naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate or sodium lignin sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Each layer of the desulfurizing layer contains ferric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The epoxidation process is carried out at 30-60 degrees C for 2-8 hours. The rate of biodiesel and methane acid is 1:0.05-1:0.5 (w/w). The catalyst amount is 0.5-4%. The open-loop reaction is carried out at 20-60 degrees C for 1.5-12 hours. The ratio of epoxy biodiesel and fatty alcohol is 1:1-1:10 (w/w). The catalyst amount is 0.5-4%. Preferred Component: The biodiesel is seed fat, microbial oil, animal oil, and/or ethyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The epoxidation and open-loop catalysts are concentrated sulfuric acid and/or concentrated phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol is 1-10C fatty alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Yeast: The yeast used for fermentation is Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at 25 degrees C for 96 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The crosslinking agent is Quadrol (RTM: N,N,N4,N4-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylene-diamine), propane diamine, butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, decamethylene diamine, metaphenylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, tetramethylpropylenediamine, tetramethyl butanediamine, tetramethyl pentamethylenediamine, tetramethyl hexamethylenediamine, triethylene tetramine and/or tetraethylenepentamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersible concentrate comprises (wt.%) abamectin (0.1-10); spirodiclofen, lufenuron, capillary, nitenpyram or spinosad (1-30); solvent (1-30); emulsifier (4-20); and plant oil methyl ester (balance). The solvent is acetone, alkyl pyrrolidine, ethanol, isopropanol and/or isobutanol. The emulsifier comprises emulsifier number 500, 700, 601, 602, 404, 1601 or 1602; 0201B; 0203B; 0206B; AEO-3; Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), Span 20 (RTM: sorbitan monolaurate), Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate) and/or Tween 20 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate). The plant oil methyl ester is methyl palmitoleate, coconut oil methyl ester, soybean oil methyl ester or oleic acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The effective insecticide is ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum. ACTIVITY - Antiparasitic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The ratio of sludge retention time in the aerobic tank to that of anaerobic tank is 3-5:1, preferably 4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The ammonia water is ammonia-containing water solution, preferably industrial waste ammonia water or heavy pollution condensed water. The heavy pollution condensed water is nitrogen-containing condensed water produced by condensation of a black liquid produced in an ammonium sulfite pulping process. The nitrogen-containing condensed water is 0.05-0.5%, preferably 0.1-0.3% based on mass percentage of nitrogen and has the temperature of 25-70 degrees C, preferably 50-70 degrees C. The mass ratio of the carbon to nitrogen in the fermenting mixture is 15-30:1. The fermentation is carried out under an alkali condition at a pH of 9.5-10 and at the temperature of the fermenting mixture of environment temperature to 40 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The seedling substrate comprises (in parts by wt.): organic substance (10-50, preferably 20-30), humic acid (5-20, preferably 10-20), total nitrogen (0.5-2, preferably 1-1.5), total potassium (1-2, preferably 1-1.5) and total phosphorus (0.1-0.5, preferably 0.1-0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic substance comprises (in parts by wt.): bean dregs (20-30, preferably 25), tobacco waste (8-12, preferably 10), sugar slag (8-12, preferably 10), grass carbon (8-12, preferably 10), animal protein (0.5-1.5, preferably 1), hoof-and-horn meal (0.3-0.7, preferably 0.5), bone powder (4-7, preferably 5), pork skin powder (4-7, preferably 5) or shell powder (4-7, preferably 5). The mass ratio of the particle strain to chitin to avermectin is 1:0.8-1.2:1.5-2.5, preferably 1:1:2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is ethanol. The water is tap water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water is pure water. The activated carbon is surface activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The combustible garbage is household garbage, crops, leaves, branches, saw dust and/or wood chips.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal powder is lignite powder, bitumite powder, anthracite powder, coke powder, blast furnace and/or coke furnace chimney ash.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The o-heterocycle formanilide compound is prepared by:(A) when Z is oxygen, R1 is 1-5C alkyl or amino and X is X1, reacting intermediate of formula (i) with alkyl hydrazide reagent at room temperature in polar non-proton solvent under neutral condition to open ring, to obtain compound of formula (I-i);(B) when Z is oxygen, R1 is hydroxy and X is X1, reacting intermediate (i) with hydrazine hydrate to prepare intermediate of formula (ii), and reacting intermediate (ii) with triphosgene or phosgene at refluxing temperature in polar proton solvent under neutral condition to open ring, to obtain compound of formula (I-ii);(C) when Z is oxygen; R1 is sulfhydryl and X is X1, reacting intermediate (ii) with carbon disulfide at refluxing temperature in polar proton solvent under alkaline condition to open ring, to obtain compound of formula (I-iii);and(D) when Z is S and X is X1, reacting intermediate (ii) with carbon disulfide and halogenated hydrocarbon at refluxing temperature in polar proton solvent under alkaline condition, to obtain intermediate (iii), and reacting (iii) in toluene using organic weak acid as catalyst to dehydrate and condense and form ring, to obtain compound of formula (I-iv); or reacting intermediate (i) with corresponding reagent to obtain intermediate (iii), reacting intermediate (iii) in toluene using organic weak acid as catalyst to dehydrate and condense and form ring, to obtain compound (I-iv).Preferred Process: The intermediate (iv) condensed with corresponding reaction reagent hydroxime at 70-80 degrees C or refluxing temperature in polar proton solvent under alkaline condition to form ring, to obtain compound (II). Preferred Definitions:    X1, X2=H, F, Cl, Br or -CN;    R1=1-5C alkyl, hydroxy, 1-5C alkoxy, sulfhydryl, 1-5C alkylthio, amino, 1-5C alkylamino, 1-5C alkyl sulfonamido or 1-5C acyl;and    R2=1-5C alkyl.    ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The biomass is herbaceous biomass selected from, Lolium, Spartina, Panicum, Miscanthus, bagasse from sugar cane, wheat, rice, rye, barley, oats, corn, wood, banana, cardboard, sawdust, paper waste, municipal or agro-industrial waste. The beta -glucosidase used in hydrolysis is originated from Aspergillus niger. The cellulase used in hydrolysis is originated from Trichoderma reesei.
EXAMPLE - None given.
EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The integrative catalyst is prepared by cutting cordierite, milling, washing with deionized water, subjecting to acid etching method to improve surface coarseness, and loading active ingredient zirconia on the surface of the integrative catalyst carrier by immersion method. The acid etching method is done by boiling 50% oxalic acid solution for 60 minutes, washing the cordierite with deionized water for neutralization, drying, and calcining at 400 degrees C for 2 hours. The immersion is done by preparing zirconium nitrate solution (1 mol/l), soaking the catalyst carrier for 60 minute and vacuumizing, drying at 100 degrees C, calcining at 600 degrees C for 3 hours, repeating the steps until loading reaches 10%, putting treated cordierite in sulfuric acid solution (0.5 mol/l) for 60 minutes and vacuumizing, drying at 100 degrees C, and calcining at 500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The granularity of pure magnesium powder is 150-75 microns. The granularity of zirconium-manganese alloy powder is less than 75 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of component (b) is more than mass ratio of component (a). The component (a) is a catalyst with supports rhodium and sodium to alumina. The component (b) contains cobalt oxide (Co3O4), and is a catalyst with supports oxide of iron and cobalt to ceria. Preferred Process: The catalyst is obtained by mixing component (a) and component (b), and performing bilayer coating of component (a) and component (b). The component (b) is obtained by impregnating ceria with cobalt-containing solution and iron-containing solution. Preferred Layers: The catalyst has inner layer containing component (b) and surface layer containing component (a). Preferred Property: The thickness of the catalyst layer containing component (b) is more than the catalyst layer containing component (a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fire resistant oxide support is chosen from alumina, titania, silica, zirconia and ceria, preferably alumina. The nitrogen-containing ruthenium compound is ruthenium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst containing iron, cobalt and/or nickel, preferably iron and/or cobalt, and which does not contain platinum, rhodium or palladium, is arranged at upstream portion. The catalyst containing platinum, rhodium and/or palladium, preferably rhodium is arranged at downstream portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The grain dreg is a bean-, peanut-, rapeseed dreg. Preferred Method: The fermented material is dried by air or in an oven for making the moisture content less than 20 wt% for obtaining the powdered product or is granulated for obtaining a granular product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial fermenting agent is EM (RTM: Microbial inoculant). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The commercial microbial agent is a composite biological germ co-formed by photosynthetic bacteria flora, Lactobacillus flora, Saccharomyces flora, gram-positive bacterium flora and threadlike flora of ferment series. The ratio of the trash/landfill leachate to commercial microbial agent to extracellular enzyme is 10000:3:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In non-rainy conditions, the aeration time is at least 15 days, and the viscosity of dissolved oxygen after aeration is at least 45 mg/l. In raining conditions, the aeration time is at least 24 hours, and the viscosity of dissolved oxygen after aeration is at least 45 mg/l. Preferred Components: The area of sediment tank is at least 2000 sq.m, the depth is 30-50 cm, the upper of sediment tank is covered with water lettuces, the amount of aluminum sulfate is 1-3 kg/ton of landfill leachate and PAM is 1-5 kg/ton of landfill leachate. The floating bodies are bubble chambers, the vegetations are at least one of evergreen, Syngonium podophyllum or watercress. In step (7), the pH of tank water is 6-8, saturation of dissolved oxygen is more than 7%, and oxygen consumption of organics is more than 20 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The mixed material (step iv) is dried or parched until the water content is less than 20 wt.% for obtaining a powdered product or granulated for obtaining a granulated product. Preferred Components: The vine crop seedling is a plant part of the climbing vine plant, where the climbing vine plant is cucumber, wax gourd, watermelon or pumpkin. The grain dreg is a soybean, peanut and/or rapeseed dreg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The micro-organism fermenting microbial inoculum is EM (RTM: Microbial inoculant). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active ingredient (B) includes dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecylamine acetate, tetradecylamine hydrochloride, tetradecylamine acetate, coconut amine acetate and N,N-didecyl-N-methyl-poly(oxyethyl) ammonium propionate. The composition comprises active ingredient (A) (0.05-7 wt.%) and active ingredient (B) (5-40 wt.%). The composition further comprises hydrophilic organic solvent. ACTIVITY - Insect repellent. In an in vitro test for measuring repelling effect with respect to army ants (15) and working ants (150), aqueous composition exhibited 0.4-0.7% of insect repellent effect.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethanol is added at 4-6 vol.%. The hot absolute ethyl alcohol is at 45-55 degrees C. Preferred Method: The ultrasonic wave is done in water bath controlled at 50-60 degrees C and at 20-30W/cm. The mixture is stirred after adding activated carbon at room temperature for 2-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The insecticide comprises less than 50 wt.% of the baked gypsum and greater than 50 wt.% of the feed. The rodenticide comprises more than 50 wt.% of the baked gypsum and less than 50 wt.% of the feed. Preferred Process: The process comprises mixing the gypsum compound comprising a group formed by the baked gypsum in an efficient quantity, where the insecticide is present at greater than 50% for destroying the roaches and rodenticide is present at less than 50% for destroying mouse and rodents, with maize based feed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The baked gypsum compound is plaster, plaster of underform concrete, lime plaster, and masonry plaster and every type of baked gypsum. In the process, the gypsum compound and feed are mixed in dry or raw state in the form of a thick or thick past or soft aqueous suspension.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feed contains at least one substance comprising maize transformation, and has the property of attracting insects and rodents by odor and developing their appetite. In the insecticide, the feed contains glycerin as softening material, and in the rodenticide, the food contains vegetable oil as softening material. The feed made of maize is a group formed by the processing of the corn into essential derivatives comprising starch, glucose, dextrin, gluten and others (maize germ, maize shell, soaking liquid or corn steep). The feed is a formulation that does not comprise substances directly necessary for man. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Animal Repellent.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The digester is operated as a mixed reactor with feed at a combined input solids concentration of 8-12%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: separating solids from the digestate in at least two sequential separation steps, where the retained particle size of the separation steps decreases in the downstream direction; recycling separated matter from at least one of the separation steps to the digester; and thickening the liquid upstream of the digester. The amount of separated matter from each separation step that is recycled to the digester, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of separated matter, increases or is constant in the downstream direction between the adjacent separation steps. In the process: a recycle stream from one of the separation steps has a solids concentration less than an input solids concentration for the anaerobic digestion step and a recycle stream from another of the separation steps has a solids concentration greater than a combined input solids concentration for the anaerobic digestion step; and a downstream separation step comprises membrane separation. The extent of thickening of the liquid is selected so as to produce, in combination with the flow rate and solids concentration of the at least one recycle streams, a combined input solid concentration to the digester that is within a predetermined operating range. The thickened liquid has a total solid (TS) concentration ( less than or equal to 6%) that is higher than the TS concentration of a flow rate weighted average of the TS concentrations of the thickened liquid and recycles steams. In process, at least two post digester effluent streams are produced. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent modifier is long chain alcohols, long chain fatty acids, esters of long chain fatty acids and/or naturally occurring oils, and comprises cetyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The bioorganic phase is conveyed out of the three phase separator by a screw conveyor (2). One paring discs (21) are paring out the oil phase and one paring disc is paring out the liquid phase. The liberation of oils is carried out within the three phase centrifugal separator, or within a process step before feeding the slurry into the three phase centrifugal separator. The liberation of oils by rupturing or permeabilization of cell walls of the microorganisms or cell walls of the algae is carried out by sonication, liquid shear disruption, bead milling, high pressure pressing, freeze-thawing, freeze-pressing, enzymatic digestion, hydrolyzation, and/or virus degradation. The slurry of microorganisms or the slurry of algae is concentrated in a two phase separator having a stack of separating discs and operating under force of greater than or equal to 4000, preferably 5000 G, before the separation in three phase centrifugal separator. A cell phase is obtained from the two phase separator, where cell phase has dryness of greater than or equal to 15, preferably greater than or equal to 20%. The obtained cell phase is conveyed out of the two phase centrifugal separator by a screw conveyor. The outgoing bioorganic phase has dryness of greater than or equal to 30, preferably greater than or equal to 50%, where bioorganic phase contains cell parts. The liquid phase and/or bioorganic phase containing the cell parts are further processed to obtain cellulose and/or starch, which could be further processed to obtain alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, or alcohol derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The gas is hydrogen and/or inert gas. Preferred composition: The solid catalyst contains metal and substrate. The metal is iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, ruthenium, rhodium, rhenium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, tin, copper, silver and/or gold, preferably cobalt, copper, platinum, palladium, tin, rhenium and/or gold, more preferably gold. The substrate is metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal nitride, metal carbide, zeolite, perovskite and/or clay. The substrate is carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material is activated carbon, carbon black, graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotube and/or carbon fiber, preferably carbon nanotube. The biomass is plant or photosynthetic organism, preferably carbohydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The solution containing 2-6C carboxylic acid or 2-6C carboxylate is contacted with solution containing solid catalyst at 200- 500 degrees C, preferably 200-400 degrees C and 1-30 atm, preferably 1 atm. The solution and solid catalyst are contacted in presence of gas. The solution is an aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biomass material is hydrolyzed: by treatment with an acid; by treatment with an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes; or by treatment with an acid, followed by treatment with an enzyme. In the method, the biomass material is reduced in size prior to hydrolyzing. The hydrolysis step comprises pretreatment with acid in an acidification unit, followed by de-watering. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of subjecting the crude biodiesel fraction to an electric field is performed in a batch process or continuous process. Preferred Components: The triglyceride is a triglyceride with long chain 11-18C hydrocarbon, vegetable oil, soybean oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, animal fat, lard and/or tallow. The homogeneous catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide. The crude biodiesel fuel fraction comprises methyl esters. The electric field has a strength of 10-200 V/cm, preferably 20 V/cm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The composition meets specification set forth in ASTM D975, ASTM D396-08c, and ASTM D7467-08.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The process further comprises distilling the fourth output stream and recovering purified 1-4C alcohols; recovering glycerol from the third and fourth output streams; removing a portion of water present in the fourth output stream, thus forming a dehydrated fourth output stream; and distilling the dehydrated fourth output stream and recovering purified 1-4C alcohols. Transesterification comprises reaction of triglyceride with ethanol, propanol, or butanol. A portion of unreacted alcohol contained in the fourth output stream is recovered, and this portion of unreacted alcohol is combined with the first output stream. Preferred Materials: The third and fourth output streams comprise glycerol. The biodiesel comprises alkyl ester of fatty acid derived from triglyceride, the alkyl group including greater than or equal to 5C. A portion of the alkyl groups are butyl groups. The alkyl esters have bimodal carbon number distribution with a first peak at a carbon number of 1 and a second peak at a carbon number of greater than 2. The alkyl esters comprise less than 50% methyl esters and greater than 10% alkyl esters of greater than or equal to 3C. The composition comprises aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The irradiation treatment is a treatment that reduces at least 2 logs the bacterial titer in a culture of Escherichia coli. The treatment comprises several irradiations chosen from UV-, gamma - and/or X ray-irradiation(s), preferably UV irradiation(s). The irradiation treatment involves subjecting the sample to at least 2, preferably at least 3 UV treatments of 0.5-400 mJ/cm2, preferably 1-200 mJ/cm2, more preferably 1-100 mJ/cm2 each for 1-8 hours. The step (b) is performed in a solid culture medium. The steps (b) and (c) are performed sequentially or simultaneously. The method further involves modifying, either biologically, genetically and/or chemically the identified or isolated bacteria, or their DNA, in order to improve the viability, growth or functions of the bacterium. The method (M1) in step (c) involves selecting bacterium which grows in presence of lignin as sole carbon source. The method (M3) further involves collecting the bioenergy products or metabolites. The fermentation process is carried out using bacterium. Preferred Microorganism: The bacterium hydrolyzes lignocellulosic biomass to produce fermentable sugars chosen from glucose, cellobiose, mannose, xylose, arabinose and galactose. The bacterium is cultured in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device is arranged after a fermenter and/or after a secondary fermenter of the biogas plants. The device is a continuously operating device. The dry substance content of the swollen solid substance of the organic biomass after the separator for the extruder is greater than 20%. An agitator for the liquid and solid phase of the organic biomass is arranged in the container. A delivery device for the mixture contained it on the container, is coupled from the separator and to the extruder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The growth regulator further comprises at least one of dog-tail grass tassel, barnyard grass tassel, maize scale, oat tassel or ash tree fruit based in a weight ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2. The amount of water added is one half of the total weight of the ingredients. ACTIVITY - Plant growth regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of desulfurization bacterium cells is 10-20 g/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid uses imidazole as positive ion, and fluoroboric acid, fluorophosphoric acid, acid ester and Lewis acid as negative ion, and preferably is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride. The method volume ratio of ionic liquid and n-hexadecane is 0.25-2:1, preferably 0.01-0.048:1. The sulfated heterocyclic compound is dibenzothiophene and its derivatives, and 4-methyl-dibenzothiophene. The concentration of the heterocyclic compound is 0.8-2 mmol/L. Preferred Process: The desulfurization is carried out for 2 hours at 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The culture medium contains 50-100% of traditional Chinese medicinal powder or traditional Chinese medicinal slag. The culture medium contains 60-100% of traditional Chinese medicinal powder or traditional Chinese medicinal slag. The culture medium contains 70-100% of traditional Chinese medicinal powder or traditional Chinese medicinal slag. The traditional Chinese medicinal powder or traditional Chinese medicinal slag contains acanthopanax, milk-vetch, Ginkgo leaf, honeysuckle, Scutellaria baicalensis, fructus forsythiae, radix isatidis or pseudo-ginseng. The culture medium comprises saw dust, wood slag, cotton seed shell, maize cob, straw, bran skin, rice bran, sucrose or plaster powder.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether are used during preparation of the Dictamnus dasycarpus extract. The solvent is water, alcohol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatic compound or pure benzene. The co-solvent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether, sodium lignin sulfonate, tea residue or saponin. The potentiating agent is tea saponin, methylenedioxybenzene derivative or octachlorodipropyl ether. The emulsifier is C15-17H31-37COONa, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, N-dodecyl dimethyl amine, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxypropylene ether, p-octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester or alkylaryl sulfonate. The potentiating agent is polyoxyethylene phenyl phenol ether, azone or triphenyl phosphate. Ether, ethyl acetate, normal hexane, cyclohexane and acetone are also utilized during preparation of the acaricide. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Insecticide; Virucide; Fungicide.
ACTIVITY - Virucide; Insecticide; Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The high-pressure pulse cationic growth accelerator is composed of two parts a high-pressure pulse power supply and a high-pressure pulse cationic emitting electrode which is connected with the positive end. The negative end of the high-pressure pulse cationic growth accelerator is connected to the earth. The high-pressure voltage ranges from 10-50kV and the high-pressure pulse cationic emitting electrode is a screen-shaped electrode which is composed of aerial lead wires. The wires are insulated to both sky and ground and are parallel to each other. The node of the lead wire of screen is provided with ion emitting electrode which is a brush-shaped electrode composed of metal fiber and other electric conductive fibers. The number of the fibers in each bunch is not less than 10 but not greater than 12, and each of the fibers is not greater than 0.003-0.12mm in diameter. The distance between the aerial wires or meshes is 20-30cm and the aerial wires or meshes are 40-50cm from upper side of the oyster mushroom. The high-pressure pulse power supply is inverse voltage-multiplying circuit with an output capacity not greater than 510 picofarad. The oyster mushroom production equipment is selected from plastic tent or outdoor field.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc-enriched microelement fertilizer is selected from zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, other zinc compounds or their mixtures. ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is sprayed 1-3 times on the soil, growing oyster mushroom or leaves of zinc-enriched oyster mushroom at the time of seed soaking stage or growth stage, where fertilizer (1-15g) is diluted with water to obtain fertilizer with 0.00001-0.0001 wt.% and oyster mushroom seed is soaked with fertilizer solution (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The wt. ratio of indoxacarb to diflubenzuron is 1-30:5-60, preferably 1-15:10-45. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The moisture of cow dung is 65-85%. The cow dung is irradiated at a rate of 5-15 kGy/hour for 3-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The regulator is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide. Preferred Gas: The strong oxidizing gas is air, oxygen, ozone or chlorine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The calcium or magnesium ion which forms complex with glyphosate is added to the glyphosate solution. The glyphosate solution is oxidized at 90-200 degrees C and 0-2 MPa for 0.5-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains activated carbon, diatomite and/or a resin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline water is sodium hydroxide, ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The chromatographic material is modified polyamide prepared by putting (in pts wt.) ethylenediamine (10), methyl acrylate (15-30) and polyamide resin (8-15) in reaction pot, stirring at 50 revolutions/minute, reacting at 25 degrees C for 24 hours, filtering, washing with ethanol, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves maintaining the fermented liquor in an aerobic state or inhibiting the microbial activity in the fermented liquor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal is preferably zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ligand: The organic ligand in which bidentate coordination is enabled with respect to metal is 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridyl-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiene, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine, phenazine, diaza pyrene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, 4,4'-azo pyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-glycol and N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide. Preferred Definitions:    X=alkoxy, alkyl thio or halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: Purified gas after oxygen-conversion is cooled using a heat exchanger. The concentration of methane, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen sulfide in the purified gas is detected at the exit of absorption tower. When there is no detected concentration in the range of regulated value, the purified gas is bypassed by a flow-path switching valve. When the detected concentration exists in the range of regulated value, the gas is supplied to the catalyst column by the flow-path switching valve. Hydrogen and fresh oxygen are obtained by electrolysis of water. The catalyst layer space velocity of the purified gas supplied to the catalyst column is 7000 hour-1 or less (excluding 0). The additional amount of hydrogen is 2 or more by molar ratio with respect to the amount of oxygen remaining in the purified gas. The high-pressure water in which impurities are dissolved is pressure-reduced and impurities are separated. Fresh oxygen is supplied to the separated carbon dioxide and sulfur type impurities. The mixture is supplied to a biodesulfurization column having a filler layer to which microorganisms which decompose sulfur type impurities are adhered, and carbon dioxide and sulfur type impurities are decomposed. Preferred Arrangement: The deactivator is further provided with a detector for detecting gas concentration in purified gas, a separator for separating impurities from water, and an oxygen supplier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal is zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The bidentate ligand (II) is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne or 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiene, preferably 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne. The bidentate ligand (III) is 3,6-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. The dicarboxylic acid compound (I) is isophthalic acid. EXAMPLE - Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (in g) (5), isophthalic acid (2.8) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne (3.03) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (200 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere, stirred at 393K for 24 hours, filtered, washed for 3 times using ethanol and dried at 373K under pressure of 50 Pa for 8 hours, to obtain metal complex (3.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal is zinc or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ligand: The organic ligand in which bidentate coordination is enabled with respect to metal is 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridyl-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiene, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine, phenazine, diaza pyrene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, 4,4'-azo pyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)glycol and N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide. Preferred Compound: The dicarboxylic acid compound is 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal is manganese, nickel, zinc or cadmium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dicarboxylic acid compound is of formula (I, II or III), preferably isophthalic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid or 4,4'-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid. The organic ligand is 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine, phenazine, diaza pyrene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 4,4'-azo pyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)glycol and/or N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide.R1-R16=H, optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, amino, amido or halo;andor R1+R2,R2+R3,R5+R6,R7+R8,R11+R12,R13+R14=alkylene, oxyalkylene or alkenylene (all optionally substituted). EXAMPLE - Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (in g) (5), isophthalic acid (2.8) and 4,4'-bipyridine (2.65) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (200 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere, stirred at 393K for 24 hours, filtered, and dried at 373K under pressure of 50 Pa for 8 hours, to obtain metal complex (6.35).
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst is selected from one of aluminum, nickel, zirconium, titanium, zinc, copper, tin, iron, niobium, magnesium, lanthanum, samarium, bismuth, rhodium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, indium, silver, gold and barium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The gas-purification apparatus further contains cooler (6) to cool the gas from the cleaning unit, water collecting device (7), wastewater treatment equipment (50) and wash-water supply line (L4). The water collecting device separates the condensed water obtained by cooling the gas. The humidity reduction unit is heating device which reduces humidity by heating. The wastewater treatment equipment purifies wastewater. The purified water is supplied to cleaning unit as wash water using wash-water supply line.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The arc-extinguishing material is formed using a silicone compound. The arc-extinguishing material contains material selected from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, silica sand and boric acid, and gas selected from hydrogen, helium, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and trifluoro iodomethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating layer consists of fluororesin, polyamide resin or vinyl chloride resin along with thin film high voltage electrode and arc-extinguishing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The methanation reactor has a water-cooling structure. The water-cooling structure is such that water is arranged in a monitor and the catalyst is loaded in a shell. The reaction gas passes through the shell and the synthesizing pressure is determined by the selected pressure for gasifying the coal and the synthesizing temperature is 250-450 degrees C. The methanation reactor produces 4-10 Mpa middle-high pressure steam. A pump is arranged on a water pipe for adding water from a steam bag into the reactor to enforce the water in the water pipe to flow. The catalyst is nickel series catalyst and the space velocity is 3000 Nm3/m3x hour. The total sulfur in the purified gas is not more than 0.1 ppm and the stoichiometric ratio is of formula (((H2-3CO)/CO2) is equal to 4). The hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the reaction gas once after passing through the methanation reactor are not more than 0.1% respectively and the carbon monoxide of the reactor can not be measured.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The shift gas is purified by rinsing with low temperature methanol, or polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and by refined desulfurization method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves separating generated gas, ash, activated carbon and water produced during hydrothermal treatment into generated gas and liquid mixture containing ash, activated carbon and water. The recovered activated carbon is purified to volatilize the volatile liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The hydrocarbon fuel manufacturing apparatus further has gas turbine (8) which drives the compressor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The by-product gas is mixed gas of converter gas, blast furnace gas and coke oven gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The temperature and internal pressure of liquid fuel reaction tank is 200-300 degrees C and 2-3 MPa, respectively. The temperature of heating container during heating process is 300-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus compound is hydroxyapatite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The apparatus has graphite as carbon-type material. The metal hydride electrode is formed using granular-type or porous-type carbon-type material, and the contact area with to-be-electrolyzed water is increased. A solar cell (1) is integrated to the main component of the apparatus, and is used as power supply for electrolysis. The apparatus is provided with a float (9) which floats on to-be-electrolyzed water. The hydrogen occluded in the metal hydride electrode is moved to a hydrogen storage substance used as hydrogen supply source of battery. The hydrogen storage substance is different from metal hydride electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Electrolysis can be performed using platinum (Pt) pipe, Fe round bar, Pt round bar, or carbon round bar as cathode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The alkali water is supersaturated lime water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The microfiltration is carried out using ceramic film having 50-500 nm aperture. The microfiltration is carried out using nanofiltration membrane having 300-500 cut-off molecular weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acidifying step comprises regulating pH to 2-3 using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The extracting with methanol is carried out for 1.5-2 hours, where the concentration is methanol is 50-60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The Blaine specific surface area of calcium carbonate is 500-2500 g/cm2. The total amount of sulfur, calcium carbonate and pearlite per unit volume of mixing tank is 0.1-0.25 kg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nonmetallic-type catalyst is activated carbon. Preferred Process: The slurry is separated into a liquid mixture containing ash, nonmetallic-type catalyst and water, and gas, by hydrothermal treatment. The obtained liquid mixture contains ammonia and is used as a fertilizer or a material of fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thin-plate-shaped product is held on a porous substrate which is a metal mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant has ethylene oxide (EO) content of 40 wt.% and average molecular weight of 1670.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The hydrophobic particles are polytetrafluoroethylene particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The algae biomass is dehydrated to have water content of 20-60 wt.%. The dehydration of the algae biomass is performed in dehydrating apparatus having screw providing conveying force by axial rotation at 15-35 degrees C for 0.5-100 minutes. The method includes washing algae biomass by sequentially treating algae biomass with seawater and freshwater before dehydrating. The washing and dehydrating algae biomass is sequentially performed in dehydrating apparatus. The algae biomass is cut into size of 1x 1x 1 cm3 to 10x 10x 10 cm3. The saccharification of algae biomass is performed at 80-200 degrees C and 1-10 bar for 0.5 to 5 hours. Preferred Species: The microorganism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Klebsiella oxytoca P2, Brettanomyces curstersii, Saccharomyces uvzrun, Candida brassicae, Sarcina ventriculi, Zymomonas mobilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus 1M83, Clostridium acetobutylicum, C. beijerinckii, Kluyveromyces fragilis, C. aurantibutylicum, and/or C. tetanomorphum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The undiluted acid or solid acid is sulfuric anhydride and/or sulfamic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monosaccharide is glucose, galactose, galactose derivatives, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, fucose, rhamnose, xylose, glucuronic acid, arabinose, and/or mannose. The hydrolysis catalyst is undiluted acid or a solid acid. The undiluted acid or solid acid (0.5-10 wt.%) is citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, and/or phthalic acid. The biofuel is ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, ethylene, propylene, or fatty acid methyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Membrane Element: The membrane element further comprises: a first zone located toward an inlet gas stream feed side of the membrane element; a second zone located between the first zone and the non-permeate outlet side of the membrane element; and several hollow fibers being arranged in several fiber bundles. The first and second zones include at least one hollow fiber type selected from the first hollow fiber type and the second hollow fiber type. Preferred Method: The different performance characteristic is a function of at least one of a bore size, wall thickness, manufacturing process, or a material of the first and second hollow fiber types. The different performance characteristic is at least one of permeability and selectivity of the first and second hollow fiber types; carbon dioxide removal capacity and hydrogen sulfide removal capacity; hydrocarbon removal capacity of the first and second hollow fiber types; or water dew pointing and hydrocarbon dew pointing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The separator further comprises a microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dielectric material comprises carbon, silicon, carbon or boron nitride, or carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first gas comprises hydrogen and the second gas comprises oxygen. The cell further comprises a filter comprising a catalytic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The treatment is performed under aerobic conditions. The method further comprises adding nutrients to the wastewater. It comprises passing the wastewater through wood fibers at anaerobic conditions in a packed biological reactor or column, an artificial wetland, or an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. The method comprises passing the wastewater through a mass comprising waste wood fiber from a pulp and paper process, lime, and fly ash. The wastewater is passed through wood fiber at 0.05-1 L wastewater/day per kg of wet wood fiber mass. The wastewater is passed through wood fiber together with cellulosic fiber, plastic, powdered or ceramic media.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The method further comprises adding an alkali between cycles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The wastewater treatment composition further comprises a carbohydrate from arabinan, arabinose, cellulose, fructose, galactan, galactose, glucan, glucose, mannan, mannose, sucrose, xylan, and xylose, or wood fiber, wood pulp, or other pulping byproducts. The composition comprises carbohydrate at 100-400 mg/L, when the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide and 8000-15000 mg/L, when the carbohydrate is a polysaccharide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Contents: The equivalence ratio is at or close to value that produces maximum absolute H2 and CO production. The absolute H2 and CO production at equivalence ratio is significantly higher than it would be if fuel processor were operated at or close to maximum fuel-specific H2 and CO production. The equivalence ratio is lower than value where substantially all of the oxygen in oxidant reactant stream supplied to fuel processor is consumed by partial oxidation. The H2 to CO in syngas stream produced during first periods of time is greater than one. The equivalence ratio is below 0.5. The equivalence ratio reactants supplied to fuel processor during heating event is 0.75-0.95. Preferred Components: The oxidizing stream comprises oxidant reactant stream. The oxidizing stream comprises water. Preferred Processes: The fuel reactant stream and oxidant reactant stream are converted to syngas stream in fuel processor non-catalytically. The method further comprises during first periods of time producing carbon in fuel processor, and during second periods of time, supplying an oxidizing stream to fuel processor to convert carbon and generate heat; trapping carbon in fuel processor; and adjusting oxidizing stream to convert carbon in manner maintaining temperature of fuel processor within desired range.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition further contains 20-30 %mass, preferably 30 %mass of 9-11C fraction, 40-50 %mass, preferably 45 %mass of 14-20C oil, coloring agent and/or citronella oil. The content of kogasin is 20-25 %mass, or 28 %mass. Preferred Condition: The fuel is sourced from fossil material chosen from various paraffins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Method: The bakery product is dried by heat, preferably residual heat existing after baking or an oven. The bakery product is crushed by grinding process. A binder is added to the crushed bakery products before agglomeration. The binder is used in the form of sugar solution, glucose and/or sugar containing bakery products. The crushed bakery products are pelletized to fuel pellets. The fuel briquettes are burned and at least one part of the released heat energy is used for heating the oven.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bakery product recycling device further comprises: a bakery product consumption unit (40) for up taking the dried bakery products, where a supply means is provided in the consumption unit, with which the bakery products of the consumption unit are supplied into the crushing device; a mixing- and/or a dosing device for the addition of binder to the crushed products; an output unit for releasing the fuel briquettes, in which the supply means is provided, with which the fuel briquettes are supplied; and at least a motor for driving the crushing- and agglomeration device, where the motor is arranged on the outside of encapsulation and above the crushing- and agglomeration-device. The crushing device is a grinding device. The agglomeration device is a pelletizing device. The bakery product recycling device is encapsulated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (i) mixing organic substance containing phorbol ester (4 parts mass) and water (0.5-3 parts mass), autoclaving at high temperature, adding B.natto (0.004-0.2 parts mass) and water (0.5-1 parts mass) and fermenting for 2-4 weeks at 30-50 degrees C, (ii) mixing organic substance containing phorbol ester (2 parts mass) and water (0.5-1.5 parts mass), autoclaving at high temperature, adding B.natto (0.002-0.1 parts mass) and water (0.5 parts mass), pre-culturing the mixture for 1-7 days at 30-50 degrees C, mixing water (2-4 parts mass) and organic substance (5 parts mass) with preculture products (1-4 parts mass), and autoclaving at high temperature. ADMINISTRATION - The feed is ingested at a dose of 2 g.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw-material gas obtained by thermochemical gasification reaction of biomass are purified, and reacted in an ethanol synthesizing apparatus (12). The unreacted raw-material gas, and by-product gas are separated from reaction product with a low hydrocarbon modification processing apparatus (15), and circulated to the ethanol synthesizing apparatus. The crude ethanol solution is separated by a multistage distillation tower (16). An acetaldehyde, an acetic acid and ethyl acetate are converted into ethanol using a hydrogenation-process apparatus comprising reaction catalyst and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The catalyst (i) is catalyst containing rhodium, lithium, magnesium and/or scandium, catalyst containing rhodium, molybdenum, iridium, copper and/or palladium, or catalyst containing rhodium, magnesium, zirconium and/or lithium supported to a silica carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The process gas consists of a group of hydrocarbons, particularly methane, propane or butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: (A) further comprises: a generator, which is operatively connected to provide electricity to power the shear mixer, the centrifuge, the feedstock feed pump, the reactant feed pump, the centrifuge feed pump and the control unit; and a resistive heater operatively connected to the residence vessel and a source of electric power. The generator: further comprises a fuel tank, which is operatively connected to the centrifuge; and is powered by the biodiesel separated from the residence product by the centrifuge. (A) is contained in a 20 feet International Standards Organization shipping container. The residence vessel has a capacity of at least 100 (preferably at least 300) U.S. gallons. Preferred Method: The method further comprises pumping a feedstock and a reactant from the feedstock container and the reactant container respectively to the shear mixer. The steps of mixing and separating are done with the shear mixer and the centrifuge respectively. The step of holding lasts less than 60 minutes, preferably less than 20 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feedstock comprises plant oils, animal fats, animal tallow, grease or algae oil. The reactant comprises ethanol (90-97 wt/wt.%), methanol (3-6 wt/wt.%), ketones (1-3 wt/wt.%), ethyl acetate (1-3 wt/wt.%) and alkaline hydroxide (less than 10 wt/wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The ceramic component is chosen from silicon carbide-carbon composite component, silicon carbide-silicon composite sintered compact, silicon carbide sintered compact, silicon nitride sintered compact and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The capsule comprises silicon carbide sintered compact, silicon carbide-silicon composite sintered compact, silicon carbide-type filament composite material, boron carbide sintered compact, silicon nitride sintered compact, boron nitride sintered compact and/or graphite. The high-temperature thermal storage component has thermal storage material comprising sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and/or lithium hydride. The low-temperature thermal storage component has thermal storage material comprising aluminum chloride, iron chloride, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using testosterone as sex enhancer for promoting breeding of fish, and seasonal factors e.g. auxin and sugar for promoting growth of biocrops.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves treating the first transgenic plant seed with pesticidal agent chosen from insecticide, acaricide, nematocide, fungicide, bactericide, herbicide, or their combinations. The insecticide is chosen from pyrethrin, synthetic pyrethrin, oxadiazine, chloronicotinyl, nitroguanidine, triazole, organophosphate, pyrrol, pyrazole, phenol pyrazole, diacylhydrazine, biological/fermentation product, carbamate and their combinations. Preferred Gene: The first transgenic seed further comprises herbicide resistance gene chosen from glyphosate N-acetyltransferase (GAT), 5-enopyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) and their combinations. The Cry1 protein comprises polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and 4, and Cry2 protein comprises polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant; Insecticide; Acaricide; Nematocide; Fungicide; Antibacterial; Herbicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Methods: Pretreating spent brewers grain includes an in-line processing system, comprising treating spent brewers grains with sulfuric acid to form an acidified grain material; steam-heating the acidified grain material in a pressurized pipe, to 325-375 degrees F and 80-170 psig; flowing the heated and acidified grain material through a throttle valve into a reaction vessel slightly above atmospheric pressure; neutralizing the grain material in the reaction vessel; adding a liquid brewery feedstock or water to provide a mixed material stream; and cooling the mixed material stream to 130-150 degrees F with an in-line pipe heat exchanger. Distilling the ethanol comprises distilling with a single distillation column to provide an ethanol/water mixture of 35-60% w/w ethanol. Dehydrating the ethanol comprises flowing the ethanol/water mixture from the single distillation column through a series of 3 pervaporative membranes to remove water from the ethanol. The process further comprises denaturing the dehydrated ethanol for the production of fuel ethanol; and subjecting a centrate from the whole stillage to anaerobic digestion with mesophilic or thermophilic microorganisms to produce methane-containing biogas. Preferred Materials: The ethanol-producing microbe comprises yeast, Zymomonas mobilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, or Pichia pastoris. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filter catalyst includes a co-catalytic element containing alumina and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The medicinal composition is comprised of (in parts): first active component (5-30), second active component (10-60), electric conduction agent (1-3), cosolvent (2-10) and solvent (100). Preferred Components: The electric conduction agent is anionic surfactant, particularly sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The cosolvent is alcohol such as normal butanol, n-amyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone, where alcohol having more than four carbon atoms. The solvent is selected from poly(alkyl naphthalene), heavy aromatic solvent, second-line oil, vegetable oil or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having more than ten carbon atoms. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The oil is comprised of two active components selected from emamectin benzoate, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, lufenuron, indoxacarb or chlorfenapyr. The composition is comprised of (in parts): active component A (1-90), active component B (90-0.1), electric conducting agent (15), cosolvent (20) and solvent (100). Preferred Components: The electric conducting agent is anionic surfactant selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The cosolvent is selected from alcohols such as n-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone, where alcohol contains more than four carbon atoms. The solvent is selected from poly(alkyl naphthalene), heavy aromatic solvent, vegetable oil or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent contains more than ten carbon atoms. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The total amount of components (A) and (B) is 5-90, preferably 15-50% based on the total amount of composition (C1). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The medicine comprises (pts. wt.): abamectin (0.5-2), and active component B (10-400). Preferred Components: The conductive agent is anionic surfactant including sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The total content of abamectin and active component B is 0.1-65% of medicine (M1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is n-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The solvent is polyalkyl naphthalene, heavy aromatic or plant oil, preferably second line distillate including arene of more than 10C. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion improver may be waste aluminum. The oxidant is nitrate (preferably sodium nitrate) and/or potassium permanganate. The sulfur fixing agent is calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and/or sodium carbonate. The molding agent is kaolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal comprises (wt.%) sludge (70), combustion improver (25), igniting substance (2), oxidant (1), sulfur fixing agent (1), and molding agent (1). Preferred Components: The sludge is municipal or industrial sludge. The combustion improver is solid paraffin, solid cycloparaffin, solid aromatic hydrocarbon, sawdust, tung seed, tung litter, tar slag, and/or acidic tar. The igniting substance is waste oil, preferably waste oil of repair shop, leather treatment waste oil, edible waste oil, swill, and/or ship waste oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Content: The coalification agent comprises (wt.%) sodium bicarbonate (15-20), sodium chloride (10-15), sodium nitrate (45-55), calcium oxide (10-15) and potassium permanganate (3-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst and the flocculating agent are alum, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate or sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis step is conducted at 130-430 degrees C. Refrigeration capacity for hydrogen liquefaction is provided by adiabatic expansion refrigeration using a hydrogen expander or a helium expander, or adiabatic expansion and high-pressure hydrogen throttling refrigeration using hydrogen expander. Refrigeration capacity for the low-temperature rectification column is provided by enclosed nitrogen expansion refrigeration, enclosed nitrogen-methane expansion refrigeration, or enclosed hybrid working substance throttling refrigeration. The low-temperature rectification column comprises 10-40 column plates or equivalent filler layers with working temperature of - 110 to - 195 degrees C and pressure of 0.12-3 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membrane separator comprises polymer membrane selected from polyimide membrane, polysulfone membrane, PTFE membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, high temperature vulcanized membrane, polyethylene membrane, polypropylene membrane, polyacrylonitrile membrane, polyvinyl alcohol membrane, polybenzimidazole membrane, polyphenyl ether membrane, and/or aromatic polyamide membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises alumina-containing carrier having pore volume of not greater than 100 nm. The catalyst is prepared by mixing carrier comprising alumina and/or alumina precursor with zeolite and hole expanding agent, pulping, and spraying for drying. The hole expanding agent comprises boric acid and alkali metal salt. Weight ratio of hole expanding agent to carrier is 0.1:100-15:100. The alumina and/or the alumina precursor is pseudoboehmite or mixture of aluminum sol, phosphorus aluminum sol, aluminate-containing hydrate alumina with boehmite structure, hydrate alumina with gibbsite structure, and hydrate alumina with bayerite structure. The catalyst preferably comprises (wt.%) carrier (60-95), and molecular sieve (5-40) which contains pentacyclic ring high-silicon zeolite (25-100), and Y-type zeolite (0-75), beta -type zeolite (0-20). The content of alumina in the carrier is 5-100 wt.%. The pentacyclic ring high-silicon zeolite has chemical formula of (0-0.3)Na2O.(0.3-5)Al2O3.(1-10)P2O5.(0.7-20).MxOy.(70-98)SiO2. The high-silicon zeolite is ZSM-5, ZSM-8, or ZSM-11.M=RE, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, or Mn;RE=rare earth;x=valence of O; andy=valence of transition metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is 10-24C long-chain fatty acid or compound of fatty acid. The compound of fatty acid is ester, oil and lipid. The biomass comprises (wt.%) saturated fatty acid (30-90), monounsaturated fatty acid (2-60), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (8-68). The content of the heavy oil in the raw material comprising biomass and heavy oil is 20-50 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The isoindolinone compound containing eneyne structure (I) is prepared by dissolving isoindolinone and substituted aryne into triethylamine at mole ratio of 1:1-2, adding dichloro-di(triphenylphosphine) palladium and cuprous iodide to which concentrations are the same as that of catalyst, and agitating until raw materials are disappeared; and filtering, removing solvent, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mannose-6-phosphoric acid isomerization gene comprises a fully defined 948 bp sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification. The expression vector is pET-28a(+). L-ribulose is added at a concentration of 100-400 g/L range. The L-ribose is manufactured with metallic ion selected from manganese, aluminum, zinc, barium, copper, cobalt, calcium, magnesium, nickel, or iron at a concentration of 0.1-2 mM. Preferably, the metallic ion is cobalt. The reaction is performed at a pH of 6.5-9.0 and at a temperature of 30-45 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of phosphoric acid buffer and 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid buffer is 4:6-6:4. The pH of complex is 6.5-7.5. The concentration of buffer is 0.1-100 mM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas in the first enclosure comprises carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas in the second chamber comprises methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The containers are arranged one upon the other. The gas in the first container is introduced with an excessive pressure of about 0.4 bar. A seal is arranged within the connecting area of the two tanks. The connecting agent for connecting two tanks is formed as a toggle clamp. The tanks are placed on a platform (5), which has a trough (6), in which a supply line for the gas to be cleaned is present. The supply line for the gas opens in the trough wall in the trough. Each tank is equipped with a sulfur concentration measurement instrument. Fittings for the attachment of a lifting means are arranged on every tank. In the device two activated carbon beds are provided, which are divided from each other in separate tank groups with tanks, where a supply line for the gas is branched in both tank groups, in which a switch for either supplying the gas in the one or in the other toggle is inserted. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The desulfurizing apparatus has a temperature measuring unit (13) used for measuring temperature of liquid fuel in desulfurizer, a storage container (19) for storing liquid fuel derived from desulfurizer, and an amount measuring unit (20) for measuring amount of liquid fuel stored in the container. The control unit controls heating unit based on measured pressure, when measured amount of liquid fuel is set to predetermined value. The control unit controls the heating unit further based on temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit such that temperature of liquid fuel is set to predetermined value. The heating unit controlled based on pressure and temperature is switched based on measured temperature. The heating unit is controlled to suppress heating of catalyst, when temperature exists at predetermined range and pressure measured by pressure measuring unit is higher than predetermined threshold value. The heating unit is controlled to heat the catalyst, when pressure measured by pressure measuring unit is less than predetermined threshold value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is molecular oxygen (O2). The molecular oxygen is derived from hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature of the superheated water is above 100-374 (preferably 200-350) degrees C. The process involves carrying out the reaction at a pressure of more than 100 Pa to 22 MPa (preferably 1.5-17, especially 12-16) MPa. The process involves reacting the organic solid with the oxidant in a reactor having no head space above the superheated water. The process further involves chilling the solubilized organic solute. The process involves chilling the solubilized organic solute to 20 degrees C, where the solubilized organic solute has a pH of 1-5. The process involves carrying out the reaction to completion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Alleles: The TYLCV resistance allele and the root knot nematode resistance allele are non-transgenic. The TYLCV resistance allele and the root knot nematode resistance allele are obtained from L.chilense and L.peruvianum, respectively. The first L.esculentum plant has a root knot nematode resistance score of less than 0.1, 0.05, 0.04 or 0.03. The chromosome is chromosome 6. Preferred Method: The method further involves obtaining a second seed from the fruit, and growing the second seed to provide a third L.esculentum plant and crossing the third L.esculentum plant with fourth L.esculentum plant. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The preparation of coal-like material is carried out in vertically-oriented evaporation column. At least one upper rotor element comprises blade and/or brushing elements. The column further has at least one lower rotor element (10b) mounted on the rotor shaft and is disposed below the mass transfer tray. The lower rotor element is arranged such that to scrape-off the reaction mixture transferred through the perforations to the space below the mass transfer tray. Preferred Process: The reaction mixture is fed to a head of the column and moves downwards the column, and the reaction mixture contacts the steam which moves upwards the column. The polymerization of activated biomass to form coal-like material is carried out in a swamp section (103) of the column, and the swamp section is provided with stirring units (110). At least one portion of steam is generated by exothermic polymerization of activated biomass. The reaction mixture comprising biomass is partially-heated by steam generated in polymerization of activated biomass to a temperature at which the biomass is converted to activated biomass. The contact between reaction mixture and steam is carried out in a column internal section. The reaction mixture comprising coal-like material and unreacted activated biomass is fed to a conveyor screw reactor, in which the polymerization of activated biomass is completed. The polymerization of activated biomass is initiated by addition of a polymerization initiator, and exposure to radical-generating radiation or ultrasound. Preferred Properties: The temperature in the column is 200-250 degrees C. The pressure in conveyor screw reactor is lower than the pressure in the evaporation column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The raw material is subjected to pre-heating at 90 degrees C, before heating process for removal of physical water from the raw material. The heating process and pre-heating process are carried out by flow of heated gaseous heating medium free from oxygen. The gaseous heating medium is steam. The lignocellulose raw material is provided in a form maximizing the heat transfer to material, such as chips. Heating and pelletization are carried out at 120-210 degrees C, preferably 170-210 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The conditioning is carried out under addition of auxiliary materials. The conditioning is carried out under addition of iron-containing metal salts, and the addition is carried out in dependent of a measured chemical oxygen demand- and sulfur concentration and a fed volume flow, in the inlet. The separation of high- and low polluted wastewater is carried out in the separating means through a switch. The low polluted waste water and the pre-treated waste water are fed together into a post-purification. The predetermined threshold for the chemical oxygen demand is 3000 mg/l. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The first and the second exchangers are air type/refrigerant. The first and the second exchangers are liquid/fluid refrigerant with the usage of secondary circuit to transmit the energy to the air for the passenger compartment. The refrigeration loop is thermally coupled with cooling circuit of the thermal motor. The first heat exchanger is traversed by both the refrigerant and exhaust gas obtained from thermal engine of the vehicle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (55-75 (preferably 60-70) wt.%), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (5-30 (preferably 5-15) wt.%) and at least one compound C (15-40 (25-35) wt.%) comprising propane, propylene and ethylene. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (A) is secondary amine of formula: HNR1R2, or cation-containing ammonium salt of formula: N+R1R2R3R4.R3,R4=1-4C alkyl.The carboxylic acid compound (B) is aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid compound (a1) based on 5-13C cyclic structure.The aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acid is chosen from nitrilotriacetic acid, propylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and dialkyl spirobislactone.The carboxylic acid compound (a1) is chosen from pyromellitic acid, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dicarboxylic acid and benzene dicarboxylic acid.The benzene dicarboxylic acid is isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and/or phthalic acid.Preferred Composition: The content of compound (A) is 50 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or more.The molar ratio of the content of compound (A) with respect to content of carboxylic acid compound, acid anhydride or acid halide is 1:1, preferably 1.5:1, more preferably 2:1.The content of the additive is 5-500 mg/kg, preferably 30-45 mg/kg.The biofuel is a mixed fuel comprising fuel component derived from animal or vegetable oil source, and fuel component derived from mineral source.The biofuel comprises compound(s) which improve flow properties of the fuel derived from the mineral source at temperature less than cloud point of biofuel. Preferred Definitions:    R1 = linear or saturated 10-24C group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel comprises additive (A1) (100-2000, preferably 100-1000 ppm).Preferred Components: The at least one alcohol comprises ethanol and/or butanol preferably isobutanol.The at least one reaction product comprises one or more 21 compounds, e.g. of formula RaN=CHR16, RaN=CHR16R17R18, and (RaNH)2CR16.The prim- or sec-amine functionality is of formulae (i), R13(O-CH(R14)-CH(R15))m-B', and (iii).Ra = N-alkyl or N-polyamine moiety attached to N atom in primary amine functionality, and alkyl group contains 1-20C carbon atoms and polyamine group contains 2-12 N atoms and 2-40C atoms;R1 = polyalkyl group having ave. mol. wt. of 600-5000;R2, R3 = H or 1-6C lower alkyl;A = amino, N-alkyl amino having 1-20C in alkyl group, N,N-dialkyl amino having 1-20C in each alkyl group, or polyamine moiety having 2-12 amine nitrogen atoms and 2-40C atoms;R13 = 1-13C hydrocarbyl group;R14, R15 = H or 1-6C lower alkyl;B' = amino, N-alkyl amino having 1-20C in alkyl group, N,N-dialkyl amino having 1-20C atoms in each alkyl group, or polyamine moiety having 2-12 amine nitrogen atoms and 2-40C atoms;m = 5-100;R4 = NO2 or -(CH2)n-NR9 R10;R9 = H or 1-6C lower alkyl;n = 0 or 1;R5 = H, OH, NO2 or -NR11R12;R11, R12 = H or 1-6C lower alkyl;R6, R7 = H or 1-6C lower alkyl; andR8 = polyalkyl group having ave. mol. wt. of 450-5000. Preferred Definitions:    R16-R18=1-8C straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl or aryl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen treatment step is carried out under a partial hydrogen pressure of at least 34 bar. The hydrogen treatment step involves catalytic hydrocracking. The catalytic hydrocracking is carried out in a fixed bed reactor, and with a zeolite-containing catalyst. The hydrogen treatment step involves catalytic distillation. The hydrogen treatment step involves the use of a hydrogenation catalyst. In the process, a sulfur compound is added during hydrogen treatment step, at a rate of 10-50 parts per million (ppm) by weight of the feedstock. In the process, the liquid product has a pH of greater than or equal to 4.5. The step of removing the water from the low oxygen bio-oil involves allowing the mixture to settle into an aqueous phase comprising water and an oil phase comprising the low oxygen bio-oil, and adding de-emulsifier; and separating the low oxygen bio-oil of the oil phase from the water of the aqueous phase. Preferred Components: The hydrogenation catalyst is a conventional hydrotreatment catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises nickel (Ni); or Ni-Mo or Ni-Co-Mo. The hydrogenation catalyst is presulfided. The sulfur compound is selected from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and/or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The recycled microwave radiated solid residue is porous carbon. The water content of Chinese medicine residue in step (A) is 80-85%. Preferred Method: The microwave radiating isolated from oxygen in step (B) is carried out in inert gas environment or vacuum environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The tea Camellia, sow thistle and garlic are dried. Preferred Composition: The pesticide (P1) is prepared by cutting fresh tea Camellia, sow thistle and garlic, and adding ethanol (400-500 g) in each mixture (50 pts. wt.); fermenting for 1-3 days at 30-50 degrees C, adding alumen, dissolving alumen for 2-3 days, and adding emulsifier; and cutting, grinding, sieving, soaking under sterile condition, and filtering and concentrating to obtain desired pesticide (P1). ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Phosphoric acid is also used in the preparation of oxidized activated carbon product.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solvent is water or aqueous inorganic acid solution having pH value of 4-6.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The color regulating agent is food color additives which contain carithamine, curcumin, Buddleia, and Monascus color. The antiseptic is citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The total nutrients are 4-7 wt.% of total nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium chloride, and 2-10 wt.% of trace elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waste gulonic acid mother liquid comprises formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, gulonic acid, sorbose, protein or nucleic acid. The organic content of the polypeptide organic fertilizer is 40-60 wt.%, the content of polypeptide and amino acid is 8-15 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high-silicon zeolite is five-membered high-silicon zeolite comprising phosphorus and transitional elements, and has chemical formula of (0-0.3)Na2O.(0.3-5)Al2O3.(1-10)P2O5.(0.7-20)MxOy.(70-98)SiO2. The zeolite preferably comprises (wt.%) high-silicon zeolite (25-100), Y-type zeolite (0-75), and beta zeolite (0-20). The aluminum oxide source in the carrier is pseudoboehmite or mixture of pseudoboehmite and aluminum sol, phosphorus aluminum sol, aluminate, hydrate aluminum oxide having mono-diaspore structure, hydrate aluminum oxide having tri-diaspore structure and/or hydrate aluminum oxide having bayerite structure. The high-silicon zeolite can be ZSM-5, ZSM-8, or ZSM-11. The carrier also comprises non-aluminum oxide component of oxides of Group IIIA and IVA non-aluminum elements and oxide precursors and clay. The content of the non-aluminum oxide component in the carrier does not exceed 95 wt.%.M=RE, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, or Mn;RE=rare earth element;x=valence of O; andy=valence of transitional metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is 10-24C long-chain fatty acid and compounds of fatty acid. The compound of fatty acid is ester, oil, or ester-like compounds. The biomass comprises 30-90% saturated fatty acid, 2-60% mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and 8-68% poly-unsaturated fatty acid. The content of the heavy oil in the raw material comprising biomass and heavy oil is 20-50 wt.%. Weight ratio of catalyst to heavy oil is 2-12, preferably 5-10. Preferred Method: The catalytic cracking is conducted at 500-650, preferably 530-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrolyzing step is conducted at 130-430 degrees C. The rectification tower has working temperature of - 110 to - 195 and pressure of 0.12-3 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer film in the film separation device is polyimide film, polysulfone film, PTFE film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, high temperature vulcanized film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyacrylonitrile film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polybenzimidazole film, polyphenyl ether film, and/or aromatic polyamide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic yeast includes excrement of animals, straws, meals, bran, urban organic wastes, and/or edible fungi residue, which are naturally stacked and fermented to form organic yeast. The sucrose residue has fineness of less than or equal to 0.5 mm and water content of less than or equal to 12%. The straw powder is prepared by fast drying broomcorn straws or corn straws at high temperature and milling. It has fineness of less than or equal to 0.5 mm and water content of less than or equal to 12%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Anabolic; Endocrine-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The active ingredient of elsholtziae essence herb is prepared from raw materials (in Pts.wt.): elsholtziae herb (10-15), majoram (6-10), Elsholtzia flava (4-8) and Elsholtzia densa (4). The elsholtziae essence herb is prepared from elsholtziae herb (10-20) and majoram (10-20). Preferred Process: The natural biological composition preparing involves selecting, cleaning, drying and crushing elsholtziae herb, majoram, Elsholtzia flava and Elsholtzia densa. The crushed material is ultrasonically vibrated and extracted by using 40-95% of low carbon alcohol as organic solvent in the proportion of 1: 6-10 to obtain an extract in the proportion of 1.0-1.4 after condensation. The extract is put in a centrifugal vacuum drier to dry at 40-50 degrees C and 680-700 mmHg to obtain dry paste. The dry paste is crushed in a crusher and sieved with an 80-120 meshes sieve to obtain elsholtziae essence herb. The prepared elsholtziae essence herb is added to organic solvent, after 20 minutes of ultrasonic treatment. The synergistic agent, surfactant and deionized water are also added elsholtziae essence herb and adequately stirred and dissolved. The elsholtziae essence herb is filtered and packaged to obtain the finished product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active ingredients of elsholtziae essence herb contain flavones, organic phenolic acid, tannin and chlorophylls compound, which are extracted from the raw material together with terpene phenol. The synergistic agent is selected from berberine hydrochloride, fumaric acid, ethylene glycol ether or acrylic acid. The surfactant is selected from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene ether, aralkyl phenyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid, alkyl amine oxide, alkyl sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate or alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The B.subtilis Goung Myoung Bio strain is isolated from soil. ACTIVITY - Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst used in the hydrocracking of the carboxylic acid ester is a metal chosen from rhenium (Re), chromium (Cr), ruthenium (Ru), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iridium (Ir), zinc (Zn), palladium (Pd), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), osmium (Os), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), gold (Au), germanium (Ge), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), indium (In), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu). Preferred Microorganism: The fermentation is carried out using microorganism chosen from yeast, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Anaeromyxobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhodococcus, Saccharomyces, Streptomyces, Thermus, Thermotoga, Thermoanaerobacter and Zymomonas. The hydrolase is derived from Candida, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Chromobacterium or Aspergillus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves separating carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid is separated by adsorption method, solvent extraction method, electrodialysis method, distillation method, membrane separation method or chromatography method. Preferred Components: The esterification reaction is performed using catalyst e.g. hydrolase, zirconia-titania and zeolite. The carboxylic acid is butyric acid. The carboxylic acid ester is butyl butyrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction region contains a solid phase catalyst. The catalyst comprises a metal, metal oxide, or metal carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, stirring or recirculation is used in at least one of the extraction, reaction, and separation steps. The collected solvent and any unused reactants are recycled back to the extractor for reuse in subsequent extraction. The fat- and oil-containing biological material feedstock comprises whole mustard seed, mechanically-cracked mustard seed, ground mustard seed, whole soybeans, mechanically cracked soybeans, ground soybeans, whole rapeseed, mechanically-cracked rapeseed, or ground rapeseed. The fat- and oil-containing biological material feedstock is presoaked in the same type of alcohol used in the extraction process. Extracting the fats and oils is enhanced by the use of pulsatile changes in the applied pressure or temperature during the extraction. Preferred Components: The flowing solvent mixture comprises carbon dioxide and an alcohol (0-20 vol.%). The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, or tert-butanol. The flowing solvent mixture comprises methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol. The flowing solvent mixture comprises hydrofluoroalkane, propane, n-butane, 2-butane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane or chlorodifluoromethane and an alcohol (0-20 vol.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The liquid contains chemicals, virus, microorganisms, plant cells, or mammalian cells. The microorganisms are bacteria or yeast.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The liquid contains water, industry wastewater, or sewage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas is air, oxygen, ozone, fragrant gas, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The wood pellets contain white and/or brown wood pulp. The block comprises straw, cellulose, hardboard, paper, compressed paper, charcoal, charcoal powder, molasses, shells of nuts, peanuts, coffee, grasses, seeds, mustard seeds or other agriculture-related raw materials, and/or straw, paper, grasses, hay, coconut peat, stalks, textile material, cotton, silicones or other agriculture-related raw materials. The binder materials comprise wax, slackwax, paraffin or organic oils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is done by exposure to sunlight or machine processing. The crop waste is dehydrated to have a water content of 25 wt.%. The step (d) is performed by using a mold (4) and processing with heat and instant cooling. The block-shaped fuel is treated with carbonization. Preferred Components: The clay is aluminosilicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The treating step comprises irradiating with ionizing radiation. The setting step comprises setting the dosage of ionizing radiation to be delivered to the feedstock material. The step of treating with ionizing radiation comprises treating with an electron beam. The method further comprises: converting at least a portion of the treated biomass feedstock, utilizing a microorganism, to produce a product; repeating the determining, treating and setting steps with a second feedstock; adding a saccharifying agent to the dispersion to saccharify the cellulosic or lignocellulosic material; and contacting the saccharified material with a microorganism. In the method, 0.1-5 (preferably 0.3-3.5) Mrad is delivered per 1 wt.% of lignin in the biomass feedstock. The first pH is 2.5-4.5, and the second pH is 5-7. The saccharifying agent comprises cellulase. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture method of porous electrode substrate further involves performing compression molding of precursor sheet at 200 degrees C or less between the process of manufacturing precursor sheet and carbonization process, and oxidation treatment of precursor sheet at 200-300 degrees C between carbonization process and compression molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method includes polluting contaminated groundwater, adsorbing and treating uranium, regulating pH, enabling liquor to enter DNB bioreactor and sulfate reducing bacteria bioreactor, and injecting it to ground aquifer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hair removal agent comprises (in %): mercaptoacetic acid (6), sodium hydroxide (4), propylene glycol (15), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether (6), cetyl polyoxyethylene ether (1), fragrance (0.5), propane butane propellant (6) and deionized water (remaining amount). Preferred Method: The hair removal agent is thinly coated on the hair removal area and after 15-20 minutes, the foam, together with the hair, is removed by the towel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The modified attapulgite is prepared by mixing original attapulgite with acid or acidic salt based on mass/volume ratio of 1:20-30; heating for 2 hours in boiling water bath; filtering; diluting the filter cake with water until neutral; baking the filter cake in an oven for 2 hours at 200 degrees C; milling into 300 mesh through ball mill; and preparing modified attapulgite, where acid or acidic salt is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with concentration of 2-6 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The emulsification wetting suspension agent is sodium lauryl sulfate or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The penetrant is OP-20. The preservative is benzoic acid or ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate. The antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol. The viscosity stabilizer is phenol. The warning coloration agent is apple red.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The film-forming additive is starch. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare earth element is lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, europium, and/or ytterbium. The catalyst comprises (in parts weight) nickel (1-10), rare earth element (1-6), mixture (0.5-5) of strontium, vanadium and chromium, and remainder of alumina. The amino complex solution is a buffering solution of ammonium salt, preferably ammonium bicarbonate and/or ammonium nitrate. The weight ratio of aluminum, nickel, and rare earth element in amino complex solution is 1:0.02-0.256:0.02-0.154. The adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol and/or nitric acid. The lubricant is graphite. Preferred Conditions: The co-precipitation is performed in the reaction solution having pH of 9-12 at 50-100 degrees C for 1-24 hours. The drying is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 1-24 hours. The baking is carried out at 300-800 degrees C for 1-8 hours. The composite hydroxide is cured for 3-5 hours after separation process. Preferred Process: The adhesive and lubricant are added to the catalyst powder, and formed into tablets to obtain catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The two reaction areas (R2) and (R3) are located in two separate reactors. The two reaction areas (R2) and (R3) are two distinct reaction areas in a same reactor. The oxygen (O2) necessary for the gasification is supplied at least partly by the metal oxides when these are partially reduced and/or by supplying gas mixture (CO2/H2O) obtained from the reduction reaction area (R2). The excess exportable energy is recovered by heat exchange within the reaction areas or on the gaseous effluents. The charge feeding the gasification area (R3) is a solid charge, where a separation between the ash and metal oxide particles obtained from the gasification reaction area (R3) is carried out and the reduction area (R1) is fed with the separated metal oxide particles. At least a part of the CO + H2 synthesis gas produced in the gasification area (R3) is introduced in the reduction reactor. At least a part of the CO + H2 synthesis gas produced in the gasification area (R3) and at least a part of water obtained from the condensation of the CO2 + H2O flux obtained from the combustion area (R2) is fed to a unit of a water gas shift to produce CO2 + H2. The gas produced in the gasification area is, after purification, intended for partly feeding at least a fuel cell. The gas produced in the gasification area are, after purification, intended for feeding at least a part of a unit for Fischer Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis or a unit of methanol synthesis or dimethyl ether synthesis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The tungsten compound is dissolved in an amount of 0.5-2 mol equivalent, in the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, and used. The tungsten compound is sodium tungstate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tungsten compound and phosphate ester are contained in the molar ratio of 1:0.1-1:10. A tertiary amine and sulfuric acid are further used as a co-catalyst. The organic compound has cyclohexene skeleton, and is of formula (III or IV).R4-R8,R15-R20=H or methyl;R9=H, methyl, phenyl or group of formula: -C(=O)-O-(R13-O)x-;R10,R13,R21=2-8C alkylene or cycloalkylene;R11,R14=1-10C alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl;x,p,y=0-5;andR22=H, methyl or phenyl. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3-Cyclohexenyl methyl(meth)acrylate of formula (A), 3-cyclohexenyl allyl-1-carboxylate and 3-cyclohexenyl methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-carboxylate are specifically claimed as the organic compound used in the manufacturing process.    EXAMPLE - (In g) tungsten catalyst solution (2.61), Phosphanol RP-710 (RTM: polyoxyethylene ether phosphoric acid ester) (1.41), 3-cyclohexenyl allyl carboxylate (40) and 35% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (21.0) were stirred at 95 degrees C or less. The reaction liquid was cooled to room temperature for 1 hour and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer separated was purified to obtain 4-epoxy-3-cyclohexenyl allyl carboxylate with selectivity of 38%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refrigeration oil has viscosity of 5-15 mm2/second at 40 degrees C. The polyolester oil is polyolester of formula: (R1-CH2)2-C-(CH2-O-CO-R2)2 (I), (R1-CH2)-C-(CH2-O-CO-R2)3 (II) or C-(CH2-O-CO-R2)4 (III). The compound as oil-based agent is obtained by reacting portion of glycerin having monoester structure of formula (IV) or diester structure of formula (V) with fatty acid, and esterifying. The addition amount of oil-based agent is 0.1-1 %mass. The fatty acid is oleic acid. An acid acceptor or antioxidant is added to the refrigeration oil.R1=H or 1-3C alkyl;R2=5-12C alkyl;andR=H or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms comprise Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and/or Bacillus; or microorganisms or mixed micropopulations formed by genetic engineering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The urea hydrogen peroxide is dissolved in water to form aqueous solution, mixed with fertilizer such as phosphorus and potassium, and added to the ground at a depth where underground pollutants exist through manual holes to improve survival conditions of microorganisms in soil. Preferred Ratio: The mass ratio of organic pollutants (based on C) and nutrition elements nitrogen and phosphorus (C:N:P) is 100:3-6:0.5-1.2.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon cycling is achieved in closed body by plant and power generation of thermoelectric generator. The eutrophic medium composed of prepared composite nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and organic fertilizer, water or soil is used alternately in different growth stages of plant in multi-section ecological battery to inhibit degradation of species and production of fungus. The mature period of normal plant is not the period when content of dry substance containing carbon and organic substance is highest. The growth period of plant that arrives at highest carbon content is shortened in strengthened greenhouse effect climate. The carbon cycle involves making energy plant absorb carbon dioxide by photosynthesis in light permeable closed greenhouse and converting into hydroxyl compound to store in plant body. The total carbon amount in whole cycle is kept unchanged. The concentration of CO2 produced by electric generator cannot be effectively absorbed and thinned. The carbon monoxide (CO) produced by insufficient burning will poison plants, erode devices and facilities and prevent continuous circulation. Preferred Parameter: The carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is much higher in atmosphere environment of strengthened greenhouse effect microclimate. The proper carbon/nitrogen ratio of water lettuce is 17%. The carbon/nitrogen ratio of high efficiency fermentation of biogas is 11-26%. Preferred Composition: The supplementary source of plant is biogas slurry, slag or other organic fertilizer in ecological battery. The fuel combusted by gas thermoelectric generator contains large quantity of CO2 and tail gas. The combustion improver of gas thermoelectric generator is from oxygen breathed out from plants in greenhouse. The fuel gas of electric generator has no sufficient oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The pyrolysis process in shallow fluidized bed and deep fluidized bed is carried out at 310-330 degrees C and 480-550 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Arrangement: The ratio of smallest diameter to largest diameter of spiral propeller shaft of spiral pyrolysis reactor is 1:3-1:1.5. The material inlet of shallow fluidized bed is located at 1/6 to 1/4 the height of lower portion of shallow fluidized bed. The solid product outlet of shallow fluidized bed is located at 1/5 to 1/3 the height of mid-lower portion of shallow fluidized bed. The height-diameter ratio of shallow fluidized bed and deep fluidized bed is 1:1-1:4 and 1:5-1:15, respectively. The air distributing plate of deep fluidized bed has an inverted cone structure having conical top angle of 120-160 degrees . The material feeder of deep fluidized bed is located at 1/6 to 1/3 the height of lower portion of deep fluidized bed. The material inlet of cyclone separator extends to the dense phase area of shallow fluidized bed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial organic fertilizer comprises (in %): strain NJY10 or NJY-IVI (1x 108/g or more), total nitrogen (4-5) including more than 90% of organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (total NPK) (6-10) and organic substance (30-35). Preferred Method: The PDA culture medium is prepared by peeling 200 g of potatoes and cutting into pieces, boiling and then stewing the cut pieces in water for 30 minutes, filtering the mixture, adding 20 g of normal sucrose into filtrate, adjusting pH to 7.2-7.4 and sterilizing for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C. The germination index of the decayed pig manure heap used in more than 98%, mass ratio content of organic substance is 35%, the mass ratio content of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2% and the mass ratio of the water is 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The thermophilic, fermenting microorganism is chosen from Bacillus subtilis, B.pumilus, B.coagulans, B.megaterium, B.stearothermophilus, B.thermoleovorans, B.acidocaldarius and B.schlegelii. Preferred Component: The organic material is chosen from livestock excretion, rice hull, rice bran, sawdust, barley hull, corn flour, nitrogen fertilizer, liquid manure, food waste, agricultural byproduct and fish meal. Preferred Composition: The fermentation medium comprises (in parts weight): thermophilic, fermenting microorganism (0.5-7), organic material (20-50) and water (50-80). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The obtained compost product is comprised of granulated urea, granulated ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, granular monoammonium phosphate (MAP), granular diammonium phosphate (DAP), a mixture of MAP and DAP, granulated boric acid, granulated manganese sulfate, granulated manganese chloride, a mixture of granulated manganese sulfate and granulated manganese chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, a mixture of zinc sulfate and zinc chloride, granulated sodium molybdate, granulated ammonium molybdate, and a mixture of granulated sodium molybdate and granulated ammonium molybdate in proportion with gypsum plaster. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The hollow body is made of zinc, lead, aluminum, zinc, steel or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrodes consist of stainless steel and/or precious metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: introducing the percolate water into a denitrification basin, conveying activated sludge from a nitrification basin into the denitrification basin via the sedimentation container, withdrawing a part stream from the sedimentation basin, pumping part of the part stream into the nitrification basin, removing the remaining part stream that contains no or only little activated sludge from the sedimentation container, introducing excess sludge from the sedimentation container into the first percolate water container, cyclically selecting a next fermentation chamber as first fermentation chamber or as a further fermentation chamber after the period has elapsed, feeding back the fermented percolate water from the further fermentation chamber into the second percolate water container, removing percolate from the second percolate water container for treating it aerobically; pumping the excess sludge from the sedimentation container into one of the percolate water containers; feeding the part stream to one of the percolate water containers for percolate spraying, for direct discharge, or for further treatment; feeding percolate produced in the second percolate water container to aerobic percolate treatment; and feeding the percolate water re-circulate into the inlet of an anaerobic biology when a degree of purification is reached that does not lead to further formation of biogas in the percolate water container. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agricultural residue comprises shredded palm oil trunks, shredded oil palm fronds, and straw. The agricultural residue comprises empty fruit bunches that have been de-oiled to obtain a de-oiled shredded biomass with an oil content of less than 2 wt.%. The shredded agricultural residue has an average diameter of 10-100 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The drying step is performed under ambient conditions in a belt dryer with ambient air. The drying step is performed in a belt dryer with air pre-heated to a maximum of 60 degrees C. The residence time in the drying step is 20-150 hours. The shredded biomass is dried under a light permeable roof, and are periodically mechanically turned. The dried biomass is compacted together with shredded oil palm fronds and/or shredded palm oil trunks having a smallest diameter of 10-50 mm and a water content of less than 40 wt.%. The pellets, cubes, or small briquettes are heated to 210-350 degrees C for 10-120 minutes to obtain a solid torrefied fuel. The pellets or small briquettes are heated to 400-550 degrees C for 1-30 seconds under an inert atmosphere to obtain a liquid pyrolysis oil or a pyrolysis slurry. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred System: The system further comprises an electron mediator in the working solution, where the electron mediator is selected from 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone (DMBQ), 2,6-dichioro-p-benzoquinone (DCBM), and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). The electron mediator is DMBQ and the concentration of DMBQ is from at least 5-145 mu M in the working solution. The PSII complexes are isolated from a thermophilic cyanobacterium. The PSII complexes are freshly isolated. The thermophilic cyanobacterium is Thermosynechococcus elongates. The system as well comprises a power supply capable of applying an oxidizing potential to the anode. The cathode comprises platinum mesh or platinum foil, where the cathode comprises a RRDE. Preferred Method: Generating photocurrent further comprises providing an oxidizing potential to the anode, where the oxidizing potential is at least about 0.1 V to at least about 1.0 V vs. silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl). The cathode comprises platinum mesh or platinum foil, preferably a platinum RRDE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Producing the polypeptide comprises either: cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide; or cultivating a host cell comprising a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide; or cultivating a transgenic plant or a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Components: The polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or its fragment having expansin activity. The polypeptide is encoded by the polynucleotide contained in plasmid pThiteExlA, which is contained in Escherichia coli Accession number NRRL B-50212. Preferred Method: The method for degrading or converting a cellulosic material further comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Production of the polypeptide comprises either: cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide; cultivating a host cell comprising the nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide; or cultivating the transgenic plant, or its part or its cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Components: The polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or its fragment having alpha -amylase activity or the polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or its subsequence encoding a fragment having alpha -amylase activity. Preferred Process: The process further comprises recovering the fermentation product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of hydrogen peroxide used is more than 0.1% with respect to 1 l of biodiesel fuel and/or its raw material. The composition is added in an amount of 1-10 vol.%, preferably 2-7 vol.% with respect to petroleum type light oil to obtain diesel fuel, and is added in an amount of 1-10 vol.%, preferably 1-5 vol.% with respect to gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, the biodiesel fuel contains vegetable oil and/or fatty acid and alcohol. The biodiesel fuel is manufactured by adding activated clay or activated carbon to biodiesel fuel and filtering activated clay or activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The loaded active metal of the catalyst is group VI and/or group VIII metal. The carrier is one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and/or zeolites. The active metal of the hydrogenating catalyst is cobalt and/or nickel (1-10 wt.%) and molybdenum and/or tungsten (5-40 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal-derived diesel fraction is the diesel fraction obtained by directly liquefying the coal or by dry-distilling the coal and the distillation range is 160-400 degrees C. The plant oil is herbaceous plant oil and xylophyta oil, which is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, bran oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, castor oil, teal oil, prickly ash seed oil, tea oil, coconut oil, olive oil, Pistacia lentiscus oil, palm oil, tung oil, rosin oil or Chinese tallow. The animal grease is at least one of lard oil, butter, mutton fat, chicken fat, duck fat, goose oil, fish oil, waste oil of catering industry or waste of grease industry. The content of the coal-derived diesel fraction is 25-85 mass-% of the mixed raw material. The hydrogenating catalyst is sulfide loaded catalyst. The temperature of hydrogenating reaction is 200-500, preferably 300-450 degrees C, the pressure is 1-15, preferably 3-12 MPa, the hydrogen-oil volume ratio is 100-1500, preferably 300-1200 Nm3/m3 and the liquid hourly volume space velocity is 0.2-8, preferably 0.5-5 (l/hour).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Pulverization of cellulose raw material is carried out to a state in which the crystallinity of cellulose is reduced, using a grinder. The temperature of water is 200-450 degrees C. The gram ratio of water with respect to cellulose raw material is 1-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is ruthenium catalyst supported by activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The cellulose raw material is cellulose, biomass type cellulose, cellulose product, or cellulose waste material, preferably used paper containing cellulose as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The electric generation unit comprises a unit cell in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) having an electrode containing platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first catalyst is an alumina support catalyst comprising 0.1-10 wt.% each of platinum and palladium. The first catalyst comprises 0.001-5 wt.% promoter selected from cerium (Ce), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and/or cobalt (Co). The second catalyst and the third catalyst are formed by coating a monolithic support with a catalyst material. Volume of the first catalyst is one quarter to one half of the volume of the second catalyst. Volume of the third catalyst is one half to 3/2 of the volume of the second catalyst. The ATR further comprises a fourth catalyst disposed at a rear portion of the third catalyst to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformate produced in the second catalyst. The fourth catalyst is a transfer catalyst for converting carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel has a composition ratio of ethanol:water:hydrogen peroxide of 35:32.5:32.5 to 25:37.5:37.5, preferably 30:35:35. Volume of the fuel supplied is 1/100 to 1/1000 of the volume of the reformate produced. The fuel is a liquid fuel supplied to the first catalyst. The primary fuel includes methanol, ethanol, formic acid, and/or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves separating the particles and the adsorbed or absorbed free fatty acids from the microorganisms. The method further involves contacting the particles and the adsorbed or absorbed free fatty acids with 1-4C alcohol and an acid, and esterifying the free fatty acids to provide the corresponding 1-4C alkyl esters. The method (M2) involves removing the organic compounds from the mesoporous particles by washing the mesoporous particles with a hydrophobic organic solvent, optionally by evaporating the hydrophobic organic solvent. The oil content of the microorganism is 15-75 wt.%. The hydrophobic organic solvent is hexane. The second mixture is heated before isolating the mesoporous particles from the second mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The dosage of the catalyst is 0.5-1 mass % of the oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant oil is soybean oil, jatropha oil, rape seed oil, or erucic acid of rapeseed oil. The mole ratio of the oil to the methanol is 1:4-1:10. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The modified additive comprises (wt.%) high-alkaline ethanolamine (7-9), propanol (12-17), formaldehyde (14-18), miscible solvent (9-13), preservative (10-14), detoxicating agent (6-9), dehydrating agent (7-11), butyl acetate (5-9), Sudan I (- 11-3), and aromatic hydrocarbon (5-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is present in: a food product at a concentration of 0.0001-5 (preferably 0.001-0.5) wt.%; a cosmetic composition at a concentration of 0.001-1 (preferably 0.01-0.5) wt.%; and indoor house, in agriculture, in animals and in human bodies at a concentration of 0.0001-5 (preferably 0.001-2 wt.%). (I) is present on surfaces at a concentration of 0.01-10000 (preferably 0.5-5000) mg/dm2. (I) is the ethyl ester of the lauramide of arginine hydrochloride (LAE). Preferred Method: The LAE can be applied as solid form, or dissolved with any liquid solvent such as water, propylene glycol, glycerin and any other solvent or LAE can be applied through spray form. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by preparing a soluble tungsten containing saline, adding cadmium sulfide photocatalyst (1-5 g), stirring of 0.5-24 hours, vacuum heating at 40-60 degrees C for 5-8 hours, drying, grinding, and calcining obtained powder in the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas at 200-600 degrees C for 0.5-10 hours. Preferred Component: The soluble tungsten containing saline is ammonium tetrathiotungstate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The recycled iron (Fe) or Fe oxide (FeO) is Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 or Fe2O3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes (A) lifting garbage and sorting from top to bottom by stacking; (B) grinding into less than or equal to 100 meshes and delivering to a preparing and pulping machine; (C) adding flocculating agent (preferably polyacrylamide) and complexing agent (preferably EDTA) (0.1%, based on slurry amount) to uniform pulp, stirring uniformly, and centrifugally depositing and removing complex heavy metal when fermenting in aeration deep layer; (D) adding nitrogen (5%) and phosphate fertilizer (10%), adding wheat bran (5%) and decomposed sodium silicate (15%), and stirring; (E) adding ray fungi and Trichoderma (0.1%, based on slurry amount); (F) fermenting in stacked manner by controlling room temperature, heating by superconductive radiator and heat supply of solar energy, and rolling the stack 2-3 times, in which when the temperature of supplied water is greater than or equal to 60 degrees C, the room temperature is greater than or equal to 38 degrees C and the highest material temperature is greater than or equal to 72 degrees C; and (G) using the fermented material as organic fertilizer directly; adding urea (15%), potassium chloride (5%) and calcium-magnesium phosphate (20%) to obtain organic-inorganic fertilizer; or adding silicate (1%) to obtain bio-organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 4-30C stearate is 4-30C potassium stearate, 4-30C sodium carboxylate, 4-30C calcium carboxylate or 4-30C barium carboxylate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The demethanizer absorbing agent is 3C, 4C, and/or 5C absorbing agents. It is dimethylmethane. The absorbing agent is used according to sub-thread or multi-thread material inlet type, where when used in sub-thread material inlet type, the material is taken from the first theoretical tray of demethanizer, while when used in multi-thread material inlet type, the material is taken from the first and 4-7 layers of theoretical tray of the demethanizer, where the amount of absorbing agent in 4-7 layers of theoretical tray is 0-90 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Heating the subsystem of raw material oil and methanol comprises mixing the waste animal and plant oil with a catalyst, removing impurity, introducing to an enamel heat exchanger (1), heating to 98-146 degrees C, introducing methanol to a methanol evaporator (2), and heating to 110-130 degrees C for completely vaporizing. Completely reacting the raw material oil with methanol comprises increasing temperature in an enamel reaction pot (3) to 120-150 degrees C, and esterifying via a sprayer (7) through upper and lower layers of an enamel uneven filling material (6) in the pot to obtain a crude methanol with an acid value of less than 1 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Recycling methanol and water comprises introducing the water and methanol produced in the reaction to a cooling tower (4) via a pipeline, and cooling for recycling in a buffer storing pot (5). Preferred Component: The waste animal and plant oil comprises acidifying oil, fatty acid, or swill-cooked dirty oil with impurity removed, or pigwash oil. The catalyst is sulfuric acid and/or sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst for the reaction of methane in biogas and chlorine generating CH3Cl and HCl is Lewis acid catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The metal ion exchanged Y-type molecular sieve catalyst for the reaction of CH3Cl and water generating CH3OH is Y type molecular sieve catalyst exchanged by metal ion, such as sodium Y type, potassium Y type, cesium Y type, magnesium Y type, copper Y type, or iron Y type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The wasted biomass materials are chaffs, straws, peels, kernels, fallen leaves, barks, weeds, waste woods, living kitchen garbage and refractory wastes in substances on a stale waste sieve of municipal solid waste landfill. Preferred Method: The heating in step (b) is radial heating at temperature-rising speed of 5-10 degrees C/minute. The crushed materials in step (B) are heated to 200-240 degrees C. The method further comprises crushing obtained coke products to let sizes of coke product particles be less than 25 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel (F1) comprises (pts. wt.): methanol (85-95, preferably 90), water (10-20, preferably 10), acetone (0.08-0.25, preferably 0.15), hydrogen peroxide (0.05-0.15, preferably 0.15), potassium permanganate (0.02-0.04, preferably 0.03), copper sulfate (0.02-0.08, preferably 0.04), and essence (0.01-0.05, preferably 0.02). Preferred Components: The purity of methanol is 80-99.9%. The purity of acetone is greater than 98%. The water can be common water, purified water or distilled water. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 27.5-50%. The potassium permanganate and copper sulfate can use industrial purities. The essence can use common essence for daily use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic antioxidant is benzotriazole, benzotriazole fatty acid amine salt, methyl benzotriazole and/or 2,6-tertiary butyl p-cresol. The unsaturated fatty acid or its derivative is 12-54C unsaturated fatty acid, or its dimer or trimer acid, preferably oleic acid, linoleic acid or ricinoleic acid. The polyether is of formula (I), preferably oleic polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, Polysorbate (RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters) or polytetramethylene glycol.R=H, 2-18C fatty alcohol, 16-24C fatty acid;R1-R4=H or 1-6C alkyl (preferably 1-6C alkyl);andn=4-18.Provided that the sum of carbon atoms of R1-R4 is not greater than 6. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel comprises M100 methanol fuel and the additive (0.04-0.1 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic polymeric material is selected from one of a group consisting of Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), sulfonated polyetherketones (SPEK), sulfonated polyetherketoneketone (SPEKK), sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK), sulfonated polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (SPEKEKK), sulfonated poly-phenylene (SPP), sulfonated poly(4-phenoxybenzyl-1,4-phenylene (SPPBP)), sulfonated polyphenylenoxide (SPPO), sulfonated polyphenylenesulfide (SPPS), sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF), sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) or sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The solid wastes include internal organs, blood, droppings and feathers. The plants include lotus root, Typha and reed. The artificial wetland is a free water surface artificial wetland treatment system or an artificial underflow treatment system. Preferred Process: The artificial wet land purification includes filtration, adsorption, deep sedimentation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbiological degradation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The COD concentration of soybean protein wastewater is 3000-8000 mg/l. The quantity of anaerobic activated sludge in step (ii) is 40-50 ml. Preferred Conditions: The pH in step (i) is 7.1-7.4. The vibrating time in step (ii) is 1.5 hours. Preferred Method: The butyric acid culture medium (1000 ml) of step (iii) is obtained by mixing (in g) sodium butyrate (10), ammonium chloride (1), sodium chloride (0.6), calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.2), potassium chloride (0.1), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.3), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3), ferrous chloride (0.01), aminothiopropionic acid (0.5), trace element liquid (10 ml), cellulose liquid (10 ml), tryptone (2), yeast extract (2) and distilled water, and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7.5-8 using sodium bicarbonate. The microbial composition is transferred into butyric acid culture medium comprising 0.5-8 mM/l of sodium 2-bromoethane sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The purity of the nitrogen gas in step (ii) is 99.99%. Preferred Composition: The trace element liquid (1 l) comprises manganese sulfate heptahydrate (0.01), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), boric acid (0.01), nitrilotriacetic acid (1), calcium chloride (0.01), sodium molybdate (0.01), cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (0.20), aluminum potassium sulfate (0.01) and distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose liquid (1 l) contains cobalamin (0.01), riboflavin (0.025), creatine (0.025), citric acid (0.020), folic acid (0.010), ascorbic acid (0.025), para-aminobenzoic acid (0.010) and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The culture medium is prepared by adding running water to 18-28 wt.% of wheat bran, 15-19 wt.% of rice bran, 3-8 wt.% of rape cake meal, 3-5 wt.% of peanut cake meal, 12-16 wt.% of corn flour, 0.5-0.8 wt.% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.6 wt.% of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1-0.5 wt.% of calcium chloride, and 0.05-0.2 wt.% of monopotassium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bast fiber is fibers of hemp, ramie, jute, Apocynum venetum, Agave sisalana, Broussonetia papyrifera or mulberry tree.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding wastewater into the pond and preheating to 30-35 degrees C for 1-2 days before the step (b). The solid B.subtilis microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing (in wt.%) sucrose (10), ammonium sulfate (0.4), disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.65), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.4), sodium chloride (0.5), magnesium sulfate (0.2) and remainder water, sterilizing the mixture for 20 minutes at neutral pH and 0.1 MPa, cooling the mixture, and inoculating lysogenic bacteria into the mixture and culturing at 30 degrees C for 24 hours.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial decomposition maturing agent is biofertilizer fermenting agent, microbial corrosion accelerator, complex bacteria, fermentation fungus fast corrosion agent, or microbial inoculum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphate fertilizer is common calcium phosphate, double superphosphate, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, or ground phosphate rock.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic additive is molasses, yeast waste liquid, soy sauce residue, monosodium glutamate residue, lees, beer residue, granulated sugar, humic acid, or potassium humate. The molluscicidal synergistic agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, arecoline, attapulgite clay powder, crushed stems of Derris plants, crushed Jatropha seeds, Schima crenata, or Macleaya cordata. ACTIVITY - Molluscicide; Fertilizer; Nematocide; Plant Growth Stimulant; Virucide; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The plant waste residue is waste residue generated during traditional Chinese medicine production. The traditional Chinese medicine is selected from processed liquorice, Apocynum venetum, hawthorn, Chrysanthemum, selfheal spike, Uncaria, gromwell, Ephedra herb, safflower, snow lotus, Cistanche herb, Alisma orientaleor Achyranthes. The calcium salt is selected from calcium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate in the inorganic calcium or organic calcium salt. The ammonium salt is selected from ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate or urea. The potassium is selected from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or plant ash. The organic waste is selected from plant oil cake residue, trimmings of grain process, human and animal excreta, beer residue, white spirit residue, citric acid residue, black rice wine residue, animal bone powder or marine animal powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the device for continuously producing organic mud particle fertilizer, the granulator is specifically a spiral extruding granulator (5) and a particle vibrating screen (6); the spiral extruding granulator prepares particle materials by the uniformly mixed material; the particle vibrating screen vibrates and screens the particle materials to obtain column-shaped finished-product particle; or the granulator is a shot blasting machine (17) for shot-blasting the uniformly mixed material to pill-shaped finished-product particle. The column-shaped finished-product particle is about 3-5 mm wide and about 6 mm long; the pill-shaped finished-product particle is about 3-5 mm wide. It further comprises: a first hopper lifter (12) for sending the dried mud crushed by the crusher in a dry mud storehouse; a second hopper lifer (4) for adding the auxiliary storehouse in the dried mud of the auxiliary and sending them in a weightless mixer; and a third hopper lifer (16) for sending the finished-product particle dried by the second drier in the packing machine. The hollow spiral conveyer (10) is set in the mud storehouse; the mud is sent in the internally heated energy-saving screw drier. The cuneiform hollow paddles, closely arranged, are set on the hollow shaft of the internally heated energy-saving screw drier; the heat of the heat medium passing through the hollow shaft to the hollow paddle is used for heating up and drying the mud. The weightless mixer is provided with a w-shaped mixing chamber in which a pair of shafts rotating along reverse direction is mounted; multiple overlapped paddles are mounted on each shaft such that the auxiliary and the dried mud optimally mix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The animal manure is dairy manure or goat manure containing less than or equal to 20% water and having a granularity of 1-2 mm. The baking agent is commercial fermenting agent. The clay is common clay with granularity of 1-2 mm. The plant agrochemical has water content of less than or equal to 5% and granularity of less than or equal to 1 mm. The hormone regulating agent is 6-benzyladenine or naphthylacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-retaining agent is highly-hydrophilic resin with a granularity of 0.2-0.8 mm. The flower pulp resin foam has water-absorption rate of 80% and granularity of less than or equal to 1 mm.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The sylvine is selected from potassium chloride or potassium sulfide. The anoxic or anaerobic condition is inert anaerobic protective gas containing environment. The nitrogenous substance is selected from urine or ammonia. The biomass material is plant tissue material containing lignocellulose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: The marine algae are large seaweed or microalga. The large seaweed is chosen from Rhodophyta, fucoxanthin and algae. The Rhodophyta is chosen from Gelidium amansii, laver, Porphyra suborbiculata, Pterocladia, Acanthopeltis japonica, Gracilaria, Ceramium kondoi, Gigartina and Grateloupia filicina. The fucoxanthin is chosen from brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica, Scytosiphon, brown seaweed, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera, rhei rhizoma, gulfweed and Sargassum thunbergii. The algae are chosen from green laver, Spirogyra, Caulerpa and Chaetomorpha. The microorganism is chosen from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ventricularia, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Clostridium acetobutylicum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic ionic liquid catalyst contains imidazolium derivative of formula (I), phosphonium derivative of formula: ((R1-R2-R3-R4)P+) (AH)- (II), ammonium derivative of formula: (R1-R2-R3-R4) N+ (AH)- (III), morpholinium derivative of formula (IV) and choline derivative of formula: OH-CH2-CH2-N+(-R1)(-R2)(-R3) (V), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, 1-alkyl imidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogenphosphate and/or 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate.R1-R4=alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or 1-8C fluoroalkyl;A=SO4, SO3, BH3, (AlCl3)n, CF3COO, CH3COO, HPO4, p-CH3(C6H4)SO3;andn=1 or 2.The extraction solvent is chosen from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The polysaccharide is chosen from gelidium jelly, starch, carrageenan, alginic acid and cellulose. The monosaccharide as is chosen from galactose, galactose derivative, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, glucose, fucose, rhamnose, xylose and mannose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sediment reduction component comprises nickel, platinum, platinum alloy, stainless steel, or mixed metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode material in electrode chamber is graphite felt. The electrolyte is phosphate buffer solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chlorophyll contained in blue-green alga is 0.5-1.5 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing hydrogen via cracking biomass with fused alkali, the fused alkali is one or more of the hydroxides of sodium (Na), potassium (K), lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), where the hydroxides are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide. When cracking, the temperature of the reactor is controlled to be 350 to 600 degrees C. The protective gas is nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide or steam. When cracking, the mass ratio of the fused alkali to the biomass is 30:1 to 10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method, initial stage of algal harvesting of algal species is through the use of a settling system, preferably hydrodynamic vortex separator and gas lift flotation to increase the algal concentration for further harvesting (second stage of dewatering and drying). The growth and the initial stage of the harvesting of algal species are carried out in an integrated algal bioreactor (open pond race way) and hydrodynamic separator and gas lift flotation (as given in the figure 2 of the specification). The initial stage of the harvesting of algal species is further enhanced by the dosing of fly ash to the aqueous solution of algal species prior to the hydrodynamic vortex separator. Algal material that does not settle easily is allowed to separate the settling system from water by gas flotation downstream. The circulation of the aqueous solution of algal species in the bioreactor-open pond race way is ensured by a pump, especially a low head high flow Archimedes pump. The fly ash is introduced to the inlet of the pump to enhance mixing between fly ash and algal material. The circulation of the aqueous solution of algal species in the bioreactor is supplemented by a high flow and low lift pump or paddle wheel (as given in the figure 4 of the specification) prior to entry to the hydrodynamic vortex separator. The second stage of the algal harvesting is the dewatering and drying of the concentrated algae material from initial stage of algal harvesting, preferably the algal product from the hydrodynamic separator. The heating source is the hot exhaust gas from the power plant, either directly or indirectly via hot water system. The feed to the dewatering and drying system is dosed with fly ash from the power plant to enhance dewatering and drying performance. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquefied natural gas, liquefied methane and liquefied ethane are liquefied natural gas of fully refined liquefied methane and liquefied ethane. Preferred Process: The carbon-dioxide mixture is conveyed through piping. The natural gas, methane and ethane are liquefied using the mixture at cold condition, after bringing the mixture from the container to a required destination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixing device has a stirring cascade. The mixing device (26) is arranged before the mixing reactor (2). The mixing device (27) is arranged after a wash column (21) for the separation of byproducts from the fatty acid. The mixing device (28) is arranged after a drier (25). In the plant, a separation device (29, 30, 31) is provided for separating the precipitates from the mixture. The separation device is a filter, a centrifuge or a decanting device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the amount of the precipitating agent added to the ingredients, the raw alkylester and/or the biodiesel end product is 0.01-5 wt.%; contacting the precipitating agent with the ingredients, the raw alkylester and/or the biodiesel end product is carried out with a residence time of 0.5-60 minutes; the precipitating agent is mixed, preferably stirred with the ingredients, the raw alkylester and/or the biodiesel end product; treating with the precipitating agent is carried out at 20-50 degrees C; treating with the precipitating agent is carried out in one or more mixing zones in countercurrent; and treating with the precipitating agent is carried out in a batchwise or continuous manner. The sterol glycoside containing precipitates are separated from the mixture after the treatment with the precipitating agent and the separation of sterol glycoside containing precipitates is carried out by filtration, centrifugation or decanting. The mixture is added with deposition aids, before the separation of the precipitate, where the deposition aids are cellulose, bleaching earth and/or diatomaceous earth. Preferred Components: The precipitating agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, starch, lignin or tannin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixing device is a turbo mixer or an ultrasonic mixer. The mixing device has a stirring cascade. The mixing device (26) is arranged before the mixing reactor (2). The mixing device (27) is arranged after the separator (3, 6). The mixing device (28) is arranged after a drying device (25). In the plant, a washing device (29, 30, 31) and two drying devices (32) are provided after the mixing device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the acid is added to the ingredients, the raw alkyl ester and/or the biodiesel end product, as concentrated acid or as anhydrous solution with an acid amount of 0.1-30 wt.%, and a volume portion of 2-15 vol.%; treating with the acid is carried out at 70-150 degrees C; treating with the acid is carried out in one or more mixing zones in countercurrent; treating with the acid is carried out in a batchwise or continuous manner; and glycerin is added to the ingredients, where the amount of the glycerin is 1-10% of the ingredients. The free fatty acid present in oil is reacted with excess glycerin to form mono-, di- and tri-glycerides. The free fatty acids from the soap cleavage are added with an excess of methanol to form methyl esters. The ingredients, the raw alkyl ester and/or the biodiesel end product after the acid treatment, are neutrally washed with water and dried. The fats or oils are added to the glycerin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixing reactor is a turbo mixer or an ultrasonic mixer. The mixing device is a turbo mixer. The mixing device has a stirring cascade. The mixing device (26) is arranged before the mixing reactor, and after the separator and the wash column for the separation of byproducts from the fatty acid alkyl esters. A separating device is used for separation of nonpolar and polar phases.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The agent comprises ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol and/or tris(hydroxymethyl) phenol. The agent has a residual water content of up to 10%. The agent is present in a liquid form. The amount of agent is up to 10 wt.%, based on the medium to be treated. The agent is a processed crude glycerin from the device or technical glycerin with a glycerin content of 70 wt.%. Preferred Method: The treatment with the agent is carried out in one or more mixing zones in countercurrent manner, and at 30-150 degrees C. The treatment is carried out with the agent, preferably detergent in set wise or continuously. In the method, polar and nonpolar phases are separated after treatment with the agent. The polar phase is processed after the separation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Generator: In the hydrogen generator, the gas source is the cathode (3). The gas source is a repository of inert gas. The cathode separator (6) comprises at least one level sensor (9). The anode separator (5) comprises at least one level sensor (10). The anode separator (5) is connected to a water tank (11), the processor being configured for selectively transferring water from the water tank (11) at the anode separator (5). The anode separator (5) is connected to a valve (12), the processor being configured to selectively open and close the valve (12). The cathode (3) comprises a valve (13) for removal of hydrogen produced. It comprises a membrane (4) PFSA type modified. Preferred Method: In the method above, between each of the steps (a)-(f), the membrane is subjected to one or more washings with distilled water. Steps (a)-(f) are carried out at a temperature of 40-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the application process of the nutrient for inhibiting sulfate reducing bacteria in oil field water, for water-filling construction site, the construction period of the nutrient is 25-30 days; and the nutrient is filled twice every year and is filled once every six months; where the original microorganism in the filled water or surface water in oil field contains denitrifying bacteria and other beneficial bacteria; the denitrifying bacteria is not less than 10-1000/ml; the petroleum hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria is not less than 10-1000/ml; the methane-producing bacteria is not less than 10-1000/ml; and the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is not more than 108/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The active ingredient is permethrin, propiconazole, tebuconazole and/or at least two of their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises at least one co-ingredient that is soluble in the carrier system. (I) is n-propyl ethanoate, tertiary butyl ethanoate or n-propyl propanoate. The solvent comprises: n-propyl ethanoate; tertiary butyl ethanoate; or n-propyl propanoate. The carrier system: comprises at least one other solvent in addition to the solvent comprising (I); and comprises solvent white spirits in addition to the solvent comprising (I). Preferred Method: The method comprises recovering the solvent or solvents from the wood based material after applying the composition. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (parts by wt.%) of: permethrin (3.7); propiconazole (5.5); tebuconazole (5.5); Petrosin 120 (RTM: Aromatic hydrocarbon resin) (18.9); stearyl laurate (2.6); and n-propyl ethanoate (63.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte uses electrolyte solution comprising electric conductivity or acidic aqueous solution. Preferred Method: The method further comprises deriving treatment step including drying and carrying out appropriate solution treatment for electrolyte containing metallic ion obtained after finishing the hydrogen production reaction, and applying in rechargeable battery. The metal, metallic alloy or waste material further can be combined with accelerant and accelerate speed rate for producing hydrogen by chemical reaction and electrochemistry reaction in acidic electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid uses acetic acid, formic acid or citric acid. The inorganic acid uses hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of microorganism-loaded magnetic seed and/or magnetic Zoogloea added in the municipal sewage is 8000-9000 mg/l. The microorganism-loaded magnetic seed in the municipal sewage is microorganism-loaded ferroferric oxide magnetic active carbon, magnetic polystyrene small sphere, magnetic foaming polyvinyl alcohol, magnetic polyurethane foaming small sphere and/or magnetic microorganism carrier. The magnetic Zoogloea in the municipal sewage is formed by growth and breeding of the microorganism-loaded magnetic seed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coagulant is polymeric aluminum with adding amount of 100-200 ppm and polyacrylamide with adding amount of 2-5 ppm.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The microorganism is algae, cyanobacteria or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The granular inert carrier is kaolin, bentonite, activated clay, sepiolite, hydrated silica, diatomite, precipitated calcium carbonate, talc powder, hemihydrate gypsum, chalky soil, figuline, montmorillonite, clay or high-purity soil. The particle size of the granular inert carrier is 0.1-10 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizing agent is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, t-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, or citric acid. The coating agent is polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, paraffin, or rosin. Weight ratio of glutaraldehyde to allyl isothiocyanate is 1:0.2-20, preferably 1:0.5-10. ACTIVITY - Pesticide; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An adsorbent is also used in the adsorption and enrichment of low concentration gas. The adsorbent is active carbon, zeolite molecular sieve or metal-organic framework-based mesh-adjustable molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid has temperature of 100-400 degrees C and pressure of 0.1-40 MPa. Preferred Component: The supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid is water, ethanol, inorganic solvent, organic solvent or mixed solvent of inorganic solvent and organic solvent. Preferred Process: The synthesis reaction is carried out by introducing the substrate and the reaction solvent into high-temperature high-pressure flow-through apparatus and reacting for 3-180 seconds. The synthesis reaction is accelerated by adding sodium bicarbonate as additive which is harmless to human and biological component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the mushroom residue to maize straw to sawdust to grass peat to vinasse in step (b) is 5:2.5:2:0.5-1.5:1, preferably 3:2:1-1.5:3:1. The urea is 10-20 kg per square meters and the fresh chicken manure is 6-8 kg per square meters in the step (b). The fermenting temperature in the step (b) is 65-70 degrees C and time is 50-55 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cross section of the grooves in the step (a) is U-shaped or V-shaped. Water discharge holes are opened on the non-woven bag in the step (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A plastic membrane layer of 0.1-0.5 mm thick is installed at the bottom of the grooves in the step (a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme catalyst includes liquid lipase or solid lipase, where the liquid or solid lipase is obtained from Aspergillus niger, Penicillium camemberti, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizopus javanicus, Rhizopus japonicus, Rhizopus niveus, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus arrhizus, Candida rugosa, Candida Antarctica, Candida lypolytica, Candida parapsilosis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mucor javanicus, Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotrichum candidum, Phycomyces nitens, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Avena sativa, pancreas, papaya latex or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst is acid, alkaline or enzyme catalyst. The acid catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or their mixture. Alkaline catalyst is hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide or their mixture. Fiber of fiber reactor is composed of metal, metal alloy, carbon, carbon fiber, high molecular polymer, inorganic compound or natural or processed mineral matter. The mineral matter includes glass, asbestos, aluminum oxide, ceramic and polymer thereof. Metal includes iron, steel, stainless steel, nickel, copper, brass, lead and zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crude grease is plant grease, animal grease, microorganism grease, swill oil, swill-cooked dirty oil, waste greases or their mixture. High-molecular polymer includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent further comprises (preferred) tebuconazole (2.5-3 wt.%), capsaicin (1.5-2.5 wt.%), surfactant (20-25 wt.%), solvent (22-25 wt.%), film forming agent (1.5-3 wt.%), warning coloration (0.1-1 wt.%) and water. Preferred Components: The surfactant is at least one of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, ethyoxyl propoxy derivative, special formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, phenol derivative polyoxyethyl/polyoxypropyl ether or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. The solvent is at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, normal butanol, benzene, cyclohexane, ethane or chloroform. The film forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant; Animal Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder contains polymer(s) chosen from perfluoropolymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polysulfone polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, polyetherketone polymer, polyetheretherketone polymer and polyquinoxaline polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the solution processor for producing organic fertilizer, the character is that the mixing device includes shell and mixing axis with the same axis of the multiple heads screw transporter in the shell and mixing leaf on the mixing axis. There are two groups of mixing leaf. They are on left and right. The character is that there is valve between the joints of carding device and mixing device. The character is that there are edges around the mixing leaf.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen source mixture comprises (in wt.%): sesame cake (28-30, preferably 30), fish meal (13-15, preferably 15) and blood powder (4-5, preferably 5). The phosphoric acid source mixture comprises (in wt.%): bone powder (2-4, preferably 4) and rice bran (19-26, preferably 21). The other supply source mixture comprises (in wt.%): illite (13-15, preferably 15), acid soil (4-5, preferably 5) and molasses (4-5, preferably 5). The moisture content of the fermentation treatment material is 30-40%, preferably 40%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant straw comprises wheat straw, corn stalk, grain sorghum stalk, rice straw, soybean stalk and/or sunflower. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dry animal excrements are dry pig manure, dry cow manure, dry chicken manure or their mixtures. The straw is peanut straw, corn straw, sesame straw, soy bean straw, mung bean straw, Ormosia straw or their mixtures. Preferred Method: The method involves directly drying and treating the material using shaking machine after transferring mixed raw materials to a material distribution storehouse and the product is finally packed to obtain powdery organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The EM mixed bacteria includes Lactobacillus strain SB13 strain, Bacillus pumilus strain SB21 and Pichia membranifaciens strain SY053. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic raw material is chosen from fish cake, bone meal, soybean cake, rapeseed cake, cottonseed oil sediment, oil cake of rice bran, Ricinus communis cake, vegetable oil cake, and fowl droppings processed fertilizer. Preferred Composition: The content of Stevia extract is 1-29 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of organic fertilizer. The content of Stevia powder is 1-69 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises slow release composite fertilizer comprising (in parts weight) yttrium (100) and rare earth elements (0.01-10). The composition comprises organic fertilizer comprising (in parts weight) yttrium (100) and rare earth elements (0.01-5). The composition comprises calcium fertilizer comprising (in parts weight) yttrium (100) and rare earth elements (0.01-5). The composition comprises silicate fertilizer comprising (in parts weight) yttrium (100) and rare earth elements (0.01-5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves blending the obtained product with fowl droppings, rice bran and water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Herbicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic waste is selected from cattle blood, organic waste, food waste, slaughter by-products, livestock manure or food residues. The water control agent is selected from corn or starch based grain particularly rice or by-product. The fermentation of the organic waste material is processed in presence of material, which is selected from microorganism, plant nutrient or epithelial cells of plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water control agent is inorganic mineral. The fermentation of the organic waste material is processed in presence of copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water control agent is dried organic compound. The fermentation of the organic waste material is processed in presence of butilic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: Traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical composition comprises (in pts.wt.): clove (5-10, preferably 5-8), red-rooted Salvia root (5-15, preferably 8-12), Chinese dodder seed (5-15, preferably 5-10), herba epimedii (10-20, preferably 10-15), fructus cnidii (10-25, preferably 15-20), hairy asiabell root (5-15, preferably 5-10), radix astragali (5-20, preferably 5-10), Angelica (5-15, preferably 10-15), chuanxiong rhizome (5-15, preferably 8-12), amur cork tree bark (5-15, preferably 5-10), baical skullcap root (5-15, preferably 5-10), golden thread (5-15, preferably 5-10), Gardenia (5-15, preferably 5-10), ebony (3-10, preferably 5-8), hawthorn (10-15, preferably 10-12) and persimmon calyx (10-15, preferably 10-12). ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Nephrotropic; Vasotropic; Antidote; Gynecological; Thrombolytic; Anticoagulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorbent is mixture of turfy soil and cinerite. The trace elements comprise boron, molybdenum, zinc, magnesium, and manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The deodorant is conventional deodorant. The fermenting agent is conventional fermenting agent. The organic fertilizer is prepared by crushing wheat straw into 60-80-mesh granules; spraying deodorant to pig manure and deodorizing for 8 hours; mixing the wheat straw granules and deodorized pig manure, adding absorbent and fermenting agent, and fermenting for 10 hours; adding trace elements, uniformly stirring, and drying at normal temperature until water content is less than 16%; sieving and removing impurities; and packing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The raw materials of multi-element organic biofertilizer comprises active sludge from wastewater treatment plant or brew house, edible mushroom residue, residue from food additive factory, biogas impurity, herb residue, residue from leather factory, and residue from bone meal factory. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: Algae is multicellular Blyxa aubertii or Pistia stratiotes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Carbon dioxide is added to extracting tank, and pressure is raised to value near the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, preferably 70 atm. The extracting tank is soaked in 70 degrees C hot water bath such that pressure is changed with temperature to exceed the critical pressure of carbon dioxide. The extracted fatty acid is washed with alcohol chosen from methanol and ethanol. Extraction is carried out for 5-10 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The cosolvent is methylene dichloride, toluene, normal hexane, cyclohexane, methanol and ethanol. The usage amount of solvent is 5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermenting culture medium is prepared from sterilized (g) glucose (20), peptone (10), yeast powder (5), monopotassium phosphate (2.7), citric acid (1.2), and magnesium sulfate (0.25) at pH of 6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water absorbing ratio of expanded vermiculite is less than or equal to 10 folds. The coal ash has a fineness of less than or equal to 0.1 mm. The fineness of the sodium bentonite is 200-mesh, and the fineness of the fibrilla is less than or equal to 0.2 mm with a length of less than or equal to 8 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water absorbing ratio of the super absorbent polymer resin is greater than or equal to 300 folds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The crop straws are crushed to segments of 5-10 cm. The amount of live effective bacteria is 1 billion/ml and the fermenting period is 10-15 days. The fermenting agent is 0.1% of the total volume of crop straws. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises 1-15, preferably 3-10 wt.% of active phase and 1-20, preferably 5-15 wt.% of promoters. Preferred Components: The transition metal in the active phase is nickel. The mixed oxide support includes divalent cations (M(II)) and trivalent cations ((MIII)). The mixed oxide support is made of magnesium and aluminum. The promoter of the active phase is cobalt or rhenium. The promoter agent is cerium oxide support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon is selected from a group consisting of fossil fuels like natural gas, naphtha, diesel or vegetable oils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier is alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, or sepiolite. The soluble salt of the active component is nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2), ammonium molybdenum oxide ((NH4)6Mo7O24), or ruthenium chloride (RuCl3). The soluble salt of metal auxiliary agent is nitrate or nitrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The active component is nickel, molybdenum, and/or ruthenium. The metal auxiliary agent is group IA family metal, group IIA family metal, and/or transition metal. The group IA family metal is lithium, sodium, or potassium. The group IIA family metal is beryllium or calcium. The transition metal is rhodium, palladium, lanthanum, cerium, chromium, manganese, iron, or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The alkaline solution of carbonaceous active carbon adsorbent has pH of 10-12. The siloxane removal rate of adsorbent from biogas having moisture content of 0.15% or less is 99% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The outer water tank further contains drive motor (513) for operating transfer screw. The obtained methane gas discharged from the exhaust gas tube is supplied to filtration units (a,b). The filtration unit (b) contains porous particles of loess or zeolite.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition has less than 1 wt.% of Na2O. Preferred Components: The metal nanoclusters have a size distribution of 0.6-0.9 nm. The metal nanoclusters comprise at least one metal compound comprising titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, manganese oxide, iron, iron oxide, cobalt, nickel, copper, copper oxide, zinc, zinc oxide, gallium, germanium, zirconium, zirconium oxide, niobium, molybdenum, molybdenum disulfide, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, cadmium selenide, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, lead, bismuth, cerium or cerium oxide. The metal nanoclusters are platinum nanoclusters. The zeolitic material is an aluminosilicate zeolite. The porous zeolitic material is a sodium zeolite with a framework silicon (Si):aluminum (Al) ratio greater than approximately 1:1 and less than approximately 1.6:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is homoacetogen or heteroacetogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (A) further comprises hydrogenating or exposing the product to one or other reducing agents e.g. carbon monoxide, where the hydrogenation of the product comprises exposing the product to hydrogen under a pressure of greater than 25 bar in the presence of a catalyst. The hydrogen is produced from syngas. In the method of making an alcohol, the liberated carbon dioxide is captured. The method (B) further comprises sequestering the captured carbon dioxide and converting the lipid to an ester. Preferred Components: During the conversion of at least a portion of the treated carbon-containing material, a syngas is delivered to the microorganism, where the syngas is methanol, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The syngas is produced by gasifying coal and/or a biomass. The conversion of a portion of the treated carbon to produce a product comprises contacting the treated material with an enzyme. The carboxylic acid is acetic acid and the carboxylic acid ester is ethyl acetate. In the method (B), the sequestering carbon dioxide comprises injecting captured carbon dioxide into a geological formation capable of maintaining carbon dioxide in place, where the sequestering carbon dioxide comprises fixing carbon dioxide utilizing a microorganism. The microorganism fixes the carbon dioxide in the form of a lipid (preferred) and/or a carbohydrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of biomass-type fine particles having length of 1 mm or less is 70 %mass or more. The low-temperature waste gas includes moisture content of 25 %mass or less. Preferred Process: The grinding and drying processes are carried out simultaneously. Preferred Component: The low-temperature waste gas is discharged from cement firing installation, boiler and/or power generation equipment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The grass or hay or the chipped wood is mixed with the wax in a ratio of 1:1. The wax is mixed with the grass or hay or chipped wood under the effect of heat. The wax is mixed with the grass or hay or chipped wood in a mixing ratio of 1:1. The mixture is cut after the process of cooling and drying. The grass or hay or chipped wood is pressed in the liquid wax. The grass or hay or chipped wood is dried. Preferred Components: The burning material or the burning agent is briquette shaped. The wax is petroleum wax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The opening is designed as hole shaped or nozzle shaped. The container for the intake of the wax and the container for the addition of grass or hay or wood chips to the wax, are tubular shaped. At least a part of the container for the addition of grass or hay or chipped wood to the wax consists of two half pipes, which are designed to open. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Features: The thermal behavior can be influenced by controlling the temperature of the starting material since it surrounds the electrolyzer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent of a bacterial cell is absorbable. A monosubstrate is used as raw material in the biogas fermentation. The monosubstrate is corn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agents are not ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid. The complexing agents are present at least in an equimolar amount as the trace elements. At least one complexing agent is biodegradable. The complexing agents are acetoacetate, amino acids, pyruvic acid, catechol, citric acid, salts of citric acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxy 2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, modified cyclodextran, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, salts of phorsphoric acid, phosphorous acid, salts of phosphorous acid, polyphosphates, siderophores or tartaric acid. At least one complexing agent is further diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, hydroxy 2- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid. EXAMPLE - Typical trace element solution comprised of: nitrilotriacetic acid (1.5 g/l), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (3 g/l), manganese sulfate dehydrate (0.5 g/l), sodium chloride (1 g/l), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1 g/l), cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (0.18 g/l), calcium chloride dehydrate (0.1 g/l), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.18 g/l), copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.01 g/l), potash alum (aluminum potassium sulfate) (0.02 g/l), boric acid (0.01 g/l), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.01 g/l), nickel dichloride hexahydrate (0.025 g/l) and sodium selenite pentahydrate (0.0003 g/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reaction is carried out at 240 degrees C and 10 MPa for 6 minutes. The molar ratio of methanol with respect to oils and fats is 40:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The ruthenium-type catalyst has compositional formula: Ru(a)Sn(b)A(c)Zn(d)Ox or Ru(a)Sn(b)A(c)Zn(d)B'(e)Ox, where A is cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, iridium and/or palladium, B' is silicon, titanium and/or aluminum, c is 0-20, e is 0-50, and d+e is 100. The copper group complex catalyst contains cupric oxide, silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The highly pure n-butanol is manufactured by fermenting biomass using microorganism, separating n-butanoic acid from the fermented liquid, subjecting separated acid to direct reduction in gas phase using the ruthenium-type catalyst or copper group complex catalyst, and purifying obtained n-butanol by distillation. The microorganism is Clostridium. The fermented liquid is acidified using inorganic acid chosen from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and acid gas containing carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and sulfur oxide, and organic acid chosen from acetic acid and hydrochloric acid. Organic solvent used for manufacture of butanol is chosen from ketone, butanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dichloromethane, toluene, xylene, chloroform, and dichloroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The filtered water flows into a side-case by the hollow pipe and discharges out of the micro algae collector in step (b). The method further comprises collecting micro algae by forming algae mud or algae cake after compressing and filtering the high concentration micro algae in the micro algae collecting pool, mixing with pig manure at a certain ratio and adding to a fermentation pool to produce methane by fermentation. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil-based emulsion further comprises vegetable oil, animal oil and synthetic oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil-based emulsion further comprises stabilizing additives, anti-corrosive agent and mineral oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Sheet: In the sheet, the framework (1) is square framework; the periphery of the framework (1) is composed of stainless steel and/or plastic-steel; two side surfaces with big surface areas of the framework (1) comprise stainless steel nettings and/or polyethylene plastic nettings. The floating piece (2) is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe whose two heads are closed. The carrier (3) is melamine foam opened with pores. The culture medium is at least one anaerobic culture medium and at least three aerobic culture mediums.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The high-temperature cement raw material and residue discharged from halogen separation unit, are returned to upstream of cement kiln, in which residue is used as fuel in cement manufacturing equipment. The high-temperature cement raw material and residue are washed using water at high temperature to remove salts, moisture content is included, and injected into kiln bottom (1a) of calcination furnace (4) in cement manufacturing equipment, or cement kiln. When directly contacting the high temperature cement raw material with waste material having high chlorine content, then clay, paper, timber, sewage sludge, construction scrap wood or waste plastic film are supplied as adhesion prevention material. The halogen-containing waste material is combustible waste material which consists of chlorine-containing plastic. The combustible waste material is thermally decomposed, separated into combustible gas containing chlorine, and residue containing oil component and/or solid substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The emulsion is heated in state at which tourmaline is added to container. The igneous rock is pearlite, pitchstone or obsidian. The metal chosen from aluminum, stainless steel and silver is mixed during manufacture of fuel gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of special water and liquid raw material is preferably 89.9% or less and 10% or more, respectively. Preferred Material: The liquid raw material is kerosene, light oil, fuel oil, gasoline, naphtha, ethanol, methanol, benzene, toluene, xylene, liquefied petroleum gas and/or liquefied town gas. The vegetable oil is chosen from rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil and castor oil, when liquid raw material is mixture of kerosene, gasoline and naphtha. The vegetable oil is castor oil, when liquid raw material is mixture of light oil and kerosene, or mixture of fuel oil, kerosene, methanol and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diameter of cupric oxide in the copper/zinc oxide-based catalyst is less than or equal to 5 nm. The diameter of palladium(II) oxide in the copper palladium/zinc oxide catalyst is less than or equal to 10 nm. The palladium content in the copper palladium/zinc oxide-based catalyst is 1-4 wt./wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polypropylene bag or polyethylene bag are used for bagging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The DNA methyl agent is methyl methanesulfonate or dimethyl sulfate. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration is by injection or spraying onto leaf surface (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali may be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and/or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ratio: The mole ratio of compound (I) to compound (II) is 1:1-5. Preferred Method: The reaction is conducted at 0-80 degrees C. Preferred Components: The alkali is sodium alkoxide, potassium alkoxide, butyllithium, isobutyllithium, and/or t-butyllithium, and has a concentration of 0.1-10 M. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ether, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetonitrile, 1-4C alcohol, toluene, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and/or dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The components comprises: a high voltage electrical network and/or circuit. The component is resistor, inductor, capacitor, transformer, transistor, inductor, rectifier, transmission line, motor, generator, voltage source, circuit breaker or electrical switchgear. The sulfur hexafluoride and the second component are present in the fluid composition to form an azeotrope-like composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The contained flammable environment is: over molten magnesium and the fluid composition is a cover gas; within a refrigeration system and the fluid composition is a refrigerant. Preferred Composition: The fluid composition is in contact with the flammable material. Preferred Components: The sulfur hexafluoride and the second component are present in the dielectric gas to form an azeotrope-like composition. The dielectric gas consists of: greater than 0-55 wt.% of sulfur hexafluoride and 45 to less than 100 wt.% of nitrous oxide; greater than 0-43 wt.% of sulfur hexafluoride and 57 to less than 100 wt.% of carbon dioxide; greater than 0-53 wt.% of sulfur hexafluoride and 47 to less than 100 wt.% of trifluoromethane; and greater than 0-64 wt.% of sulfur hexafluoride and 36 to less than 100 wt.% of octafluoropropane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred composition: The microbial inoculum is selected from market silicate microbial inoculum with viable count is 0.12 billions/g or nitragin inoculant with viable count not less than 0.1 billions/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The porous inorganic matter is selected from perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, zeolite or their mixture. The clay is selected from bentonite, opoka, kaolin, diatomite, montmorillonite or their mixture. The acidic liquid of concentration 0.001-0.1 mol/L is selected from nitric acid or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The humic acid is selected from grass carbon or brown coal. The organic material is selected from saw dust, peanut cake or bean cake. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The butanol-containing solution is cultured solution obtained by microbial fermentation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The concentrated product is collected under pressure of less than 1 Pa or more. The method further involves distilling obtained concentrated product at 25-200 degrees C in atmospheric pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nano membrane filter has functional layer containing crosslinked piperazine polyamide of formula (I) including polyamide as main component.R=H or CH3;andn=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalytic liquefaction reactor comprises an acid catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The feed stream comprises light hydrocarbon(s) from methane, ethane, propane, butane, and/or isobutane. Preferred Method: A portion of the feed stream is converted to reactive products comprising acetylene and/or ethylene by pyrolysis, partial oxidation, combustion, oxidative coupling, electric arc, resistance heater, plasma generator, and/or catalytic conversion. The method further comprises separating some carbon dioxide or hydrogen from the reactive product stream. It further comprises conveying a portion of the hydrogen to a fuel cell or turbine; providing oxygen to the fuel cell or turbine; and reacting the hydrogen with the oxygen in the fuel cell or burning the hydrogen with the oxygen in the turbine to produce electricity. The method further comprises conveying a portion of the hydrogen to the hydrogenation reactor. The catalytic liquefaction reactor is operated at 300-1000K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A solid composition is obtained using osthole and on or more excipients. The content of osthole is 0.0001-99.9999%, preferably 0.01-5%, more preferably 0.1-2%. The content of excipient is 99.9999-0.0001%, preferably 98-99.99%, more preferably 95-99.99%. The solid composition is in the form of granule, tablet and capsule. The excipient comprises starch, lactose, beta -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, dextrin, carboxymethyl starch and crospovidone, preferably hydroxypropyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin and sulfobutyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The weight ratio of osthole with respect to hydroxypropyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin or sulfobutyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin is 0.1-5:99.9-95. Preferred Process: The solid composition is disintegrated or dissolved in water and diluted into solution or suspension. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The calcium or lanthanum-containing catalyst is calcium oxide or lanthanum oxide. The biomass is sewage sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plants: The D-glucopyranose derivative is isolated from plants selected from Fragaria, Potentilla or Duchesnea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The D-glucopyranose derivative is prepared by producing dry powder of a plant part, where the dry powder is extracted by using an alcohol, water and aqueous buffer to obtain a homogenate. The obtained homogenate is extracted by using high polar solvents. The obtained reaction mixture is isolated and then purified for obtaining the desired compound. Preferred Alcohols: The alcohol in is selected from methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Conditions: The composition is prepared in the form of solid, gel, liquid, emulsion, or agent by absorbing it in a porous material. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Nitrogen source.    EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The disintegrant is chosen from one or more of ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium sulfate and starch. The filler is chosen from one or more of white carbon black, light calcium carbonate, argil, kaolin, diatomite and bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is chosen from one or more of dispersible agent, wetting agent, binding agent, penetrating agent and disintegrant. The dispersible agent, wetting agent and binding agent is chosen from one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, sulfonated methylnaphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, nickel powder, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol. The penetrating agent is chosen from one or more penetrating agent T. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The natural plant is Stachys sieboldii, watermelon begonia, tuckahoe, herba lycopi or Rehmannia. The solid content of stachyose is more than 75%. The raw material is fresh material, which is washed and squeezed by deionized water, or dry material which is immersed in deionized water that is 4-6 times weight of the raw material and squeezed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The decoloring and desalting resin comprises phenylethylene gel resin, macroporous adsorption resin, or macroporous ion exchange resin. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    ADMINISTRATION - The formulation (1) and (2) are useful for seed dressing or spraying on leaf surface during seedling stage. The formulation (3) and (4) are useful for spraying on leaf surface during seedling stage (claimed). No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing granular organic fertilizer, the organic aqueous bonding agent is one or combination of several of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, water-soluble cellulose, water-soluble modified cellulose, water-soluble modified starch and polyacrylate. The water-soluble modified cellulose is hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxide radical cellulose or salts. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Alternately, diluting ecdysone by running water or distilled water to 1x 10-11-1x 10-7 mol/L, bottling the diluted ecdysone solution, inserting fresh cut China rose in a bottle with the diluted ecdysone solution, and exchanging the diluted ecdysone solution once everyday.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The proportion of the pure cultures of photosynthetic bacteria and dark-fermentation bacteria is 1:1-30:1. Preferred Method: The inoculated culture medium is placed in shaker to shake and culture at a temperature of 37 degrees C, light intensity of 4000 lux and speed of 150 revolutions per minute (rpm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Nucleic Acid: The 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of the B.subtilis strain is deposited under GenBank GU086422.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The pesticide is prepared by mixing (in wt.%): radix aconiti feri (20), sun Euphorbia herb (25), morning glory (30) and golden larch bark (35). ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pyrethroid is deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin or fenpropathrin. The mass ratio of flonicamid and pyrethroid is preferably 1:1-1:20. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary agent is conventional auxiliary agent used in farm chemicals. The solvent or filler is conventional solvent or filler used in farm chemicals. The content of auxiliary agent and filler in disinfectant is 10-75 weight%. The disinfectant is provided in aqueous suspension or wettable powder form. The medicine is diluted to 500-1500 times of its content, such that the content of effective pharmaceutical components in the diluted medicine is 532.5 mg/l. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fungi: The filamentous yeast is Pichia angusta, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon cutaneum, C.lipolytica or Candida catenulata. The mold is Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger or Fusarium oxysporum. The Actinomyces is cellulose degrading Streptomyces. Preferred Method: The functional filamentous mycoflora is obtained by respectively culturing the filamentous yeast, molds and Actinomyces in culture medium contained in a shaking flask for 24 hours at 100-200 rotations per minute and 28-35 degrees C, mixing the cultured filamentous yeast, molds and Actinomyces in a volume ratio of 5-8:1-3:1-2, and obtaining the functional filamentous mycoflora. The sequential batch aerobic fermentation is performed for 7-20 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Medium: The Wort culture medium is obtained by diluting the fermented beer raw material without hops to 12 degrees Brix. The Czapek's medium comprises (in g/l) sucrose (30), sodium nitrate (2), potassium hydrogen phosphate (1), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5), potassium chloride (0.5) and ferrous sulfate hepta hydrate (0.1), and the pH value of the Czapek's medium is 7.0-7.2. The Gause's synthetic culture medium comprises (in g/l) soluble starch (20), potassium nitrate (1), potassium hydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5), sodium chloride (0.5) and iron sulfate (0.01), and the pH value of the Gause's synthetic culture medium is 7.2-7.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsion further comprises (mass%) anti-freeze agent (1-5), thickening agent (3-7), anti-foaming agent (0.1-0.5), pH regulator (0.008-0.012), and solvent (balance). Preferred Components: The emulsifier is a mixture of non-ionic surfactant and anionic surfactant. The non-ionic surfactant has hydrophobic lipophilic balance of less than or equal to 10; and comprises polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether, mixture of fatty alcohol glyceride-polysorbate, decaglyceryl octaoleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitantrioleate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, propylene epoxide/propylene oxide segmented copolymer, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, oxy polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene castor oils and/or ethylene polyethenoxy ethers. The anionic surfactant is alkyl-polyethyleneglycol phosphate, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate, alkyl ethoxylate sulfate, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonate, ethoxylated alkyl phosphonate, alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl sulfate and/or alkyl sulfonate. The solvent is ethyl acetate, ethyl abietate, methyl oleate and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The anti-freeze agent is n-caprylic alcohol, isooctanol, no-butanol, propanediol, glycerin and/or polyethylene glycol. The thickening agent is polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum and/or cyclodextrin. The anti-foaming agent is organosilicone anti-foaming agent. The pH regulator is lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The odor reducing agents are applied to the surface or mixed into the bedding or litter at biochar (1-60 wt.%) of the manure, bedding or litter. The Biochar has particle size less than 10 mm and having surface area greater than 100 m2/g, plus the uniform addition of Pyroligneous acid (0.2-15 wt.%) of the manure, bedding or litter. The process further involves the addition of the odor reducing agents are mixed in ratio of 3:1-5:1 wt./wt. (Biochar:Pyroligneous acid) and added into the animals feed ration at 1-4 wt.% of the total feed ration. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is abies oil and/or methyl salicylate. The cosolvent is alcohol and/or ketone. The alcohol is ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutanol, pentanol, isoamylol, amyl carbinol, heptanol, octanol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, phenylcarbinol, abietinol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol or glycerin. The ketone is acetone, butanone, acetophenone, ethylphenyl ketone, N-methylpyrrolidone, or N-ethylpyrrolidone. The surfactant is chosen from polyether, ester, phosphate, sulfosalt and sulfate. The sulfosalt is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or magnesium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The sulfate is sodium lauryl sulfate, or magnesium lauryl sulfate. The permeating agent is T, JFC, organic silicone surfactant and/or water-soluble azone. The polyether is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenylethyl phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, phenylethyl phenol polyoxymethylene-polypropylene oxide ether, triphenylethyl phenol polyoxymethylene-polypropylene oxide ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ether, or castor oil polyoxyethylene ether. The ester is sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, or polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester. The phosphate is alkyl phenol-nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether phosphate, octyl phosphate, octanol polyethoxylate phosphate, or their salts. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves in each cell at least two vertically stacked layers of the mixture where a sealing cover is provided between adjacent layers. The sealing cover between adjacent vertically stacked layers includes earth from a vicinity of the pit. In the method, before forming the mixture the sludge undergoes a pre-acidification step to hinder the bio-gasification of the sludge. The pre-acidification step is at least partially formed by holding the sludge under anaerobic conditions. The leachate collected in the cells is re-circulated in the cells to trigger enhanced degradation and/or bio-gasification in the cells. A neutralizing alkaline substance is introduced into each cell to neutralize the acidity of the mixture and trigger enhanced degradation and/or bio-gasification of the mixture; or the neutralizing alkaline substance is introduced into each cell by it being added to leachate which is re-circulated the cell. The volume of vegetal waste in the mixture is at a ratio of 0.5-2 times the volume of sludge. The method for treating sludge involves: providing an anaerobic digester in a pit in the ground; introducing sludge to be treated into a pre-acidification step in order to hinder the bio-gasification of the sludge; forming a mixture of the treated sludge and vegetal waste; depositing the mixture into the digester; and providing a neutralizing alkaline substance to the digester to trigger substantial degradation and/or bio-gasification of the mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support portion supporting the holding layer is made of single crystal silicon. The infrared radiating element is made of tantalum nitride or titanium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat shrink material is included with polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The rhythmic production with respect to the compound or composition is expressed as a circadian rhythm in the concentration of at least one metabolite in the cultivation medium, preferably at least one metabolite being the compound or a component of the composition. The cultivation condition is the temperature of the culture (preferred), the exposure of the culture to radiation, the culture pH, and the flux and/or concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and/or growth substrate in the culture. The compound or composition is secreted by the microorganism in the culture medium, where the composition is the culture medium optionally including the microorganism, or the compound is a constituent of the cells of the microorganism. The step (f) comprises recovering the compound or composition from the culture medium or from the cells of the microorganism. The first and/or second cultivation conditions comprise continuous culture conditions. The composition is produced by a single culture. Preferred Components: The microorganism is fungi, bacteria or microalgae, preferably yeast. The microorganism is Saccharomyces cervisiae, Streptomyces, or Bacillus subtilis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is palladium or platin on activated carbon, cooper chromite, molybdenium-nickel oxide, or cobalt-nickel oxide in a concentration of 0.01-5% of the reaction mixture. The reaction takes place discontinuously in a stirred tank reactor or continuously in a fixed bed catalyst reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ionic liquid is a hydrogeno sulfate of N-methyl imidazol, hydrogeno sulfate of N-methyl pyrrolidine or these amines with alkyl groups substituting at least one hydrogen atoms. The reaction temperature is 50-150 (preferably 60-100) degrees C and the concentration of cellulose in the reaction mixture is 1-20%. EXAMPLE - In a stirred glass reactor, N-methyl imidazol (126 g), sulfuric acid (98%) (150 g), water (10 g), cellulose (10 g) was added and heated 30 minutes under stirring at 80 degrees C until formation of a slurry. This mixture was introduced in a reactor, which was inertized 5 times with nitrogen, and heated during 3 hours at 90 degrees C with a hydrogen pressure of 30 bar. The pressure was maintained by introducing more hydrogen as long as the pressure was lower than 30 bar. The reaction mixture was cooled and distilled, to give a biofuel (yield: 91%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Pool: In the cheap multifunctional marsh gas pool above, the water leakage-proof and gas leakage-proof bag made of soft material is formed with a feed hole, a discharge hole, a marsh gas hole, a bag pile passing hole and a fixing side. The feed hole and the discharge hole of the water leakage-proof and gas leakage-proof bag made of soft material are sleeved in a long barrel made of hard material. The upper part of the support pile embedded in the pit is sleeved with a sleeve pile capable of moving up and down. Fixing plate at the four sides of the pit mouth is made of hard material, and a device for locating the bag made of soft material and the blast-proof material effectively is installed at the side near the marsh liquid. The soft blast-proof material is knitwear. The cheap multifunctional marsh gas pool cannot be covered by the insulating shed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Each anode and cathode comprises a catalyst. The fuel is hydrogen, borohydride, or vanadium. The oxidizer is nitric acid, peroxide, permanganate or vanadium oxide. The electrolyte is sulfuric acid, or hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel is methanol, ethanol, or carboxylic acid. The electrolyte is organic buffer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the broken kernel enzyme is selected from dextranase, mannose, cellulose and lysozyme. The proteinase is selected from enzymatic proteinase, neutral proteinase and alkali proteinase. Step (h) adopts a spray drying method with intake temperature of 150-200 degrees C and exhaust temperature of 75-95 degrees C. Step (h) is performed by a roller drying method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The production of water gas and activated carbon, comprises: energetically exciting the slightly charred wood pieces in the reactor of the microwave chamber under the absence of air; and replacing the resulting activated carbon by new, non-charred wood pieces and obtaining the water gas, where a metered quantity of liquid water or water vapor is fed into the reactor when using dry wood. Addition of wood ash to the wood for example, in the mass ratio of 1:1, which increases the hydrogen formation and the gas yield. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sulfur atom inside the palladium is moved to the surface under reduced pressure of 1x 10-3 Pa or less by heat-processing the palladium at 800-1000 degrees C. When oxygen partial pressure heat-processing is carried out to palladium at 600-1000 degrees C in atmosphere of 0.1 Pa or more, the sulfur atom on the surface of the palladium is removed. Preferred Composition: The surface of the highly purified palladium has sulfur atom concentration of 0.01 atomic% or less, preferably 1 ppb or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amine compound is polyamide amine dendrimer. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol-type polymer composite film further consists of hydrophilic polymeric material and polyfunctional crosslinking agent. The weight ratio of ethylene-vinyl alcohol-type polymer and hydrophilic polymeric material is 50/50-98/2. The hydrophilic polymeric material is vinyl alcohol-type polymer. The composite film has water absorption amount of 30-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises 60-95 wt.% of titanium oxide, 3-25 wt.% of alkaline earth metal sulfates including calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium, 0.1-20 wt.% of a doped compound or a combination of doped compounds including iron, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum and tungsten in the form of oxides and sulfides. The solvent for cleaning is a solution containing alcohol, a single compound or a mixture of water, soda, amines, alcohols, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether or a mixture of amines and sulfolane. The scavenger mass or absorbent comprises a compound of metal, oxide, zeolite or carbonate, and an element including calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, tin, lanthanum and/or cerium. The scavenger mass contains 85-100 wt.% of zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The impurities are phosphorus nanoparticles. The catalyst is transition metal catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The supercritical fluid solvent contains carbon dioxide and ethane in ratio of 1:0.1-1:1. The co-solvent is organic solvent chosen from water, alcohol and their mixture. The supercritical compound contains ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble amine compound is of formula: -C(=O)-NH-A1-(CH(-OH))n-CH2-NH2 or -NH-C(=O)-A2-(CH(-OH))n-CH2-NH2.A1,A2=1-3C bivalent organic residue;andn=0 or 1.The water-soluble amine compound is preferably polyamide amine dendrimer. The polyfunctional crosslinking agent is titanium-type crosslinking agent, or crosslinking agent having epoxy group or aldehyde group as functional group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The vinyl alcohol-type polymer has polymerization degree of 300-2500 and saponification degree of 95-99.9 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The water-soluble amine compound is polyamide amine dendrimer. The polyfunctional crosslinking agent is chosen from titanium group crosslinking agent, zirconium group crosslinking agent, colloidal silica, and crosslinking agent having epoxy group or aldehyde group as functional group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The vinyl alcohol-type polymer has polymerization degree of 300-2500 and saponification degree of 95-99.9 mol%. The amount of ethylene unit of vinyl alcohol-type polymer is 1-20 mol%. The weight ratio of vinyl alcohol-type polymer and polyfunctional crosslinking agent is 99.9/0.1-50/50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing the special organic fertilizer for organic fruits, the powdered product is obtained by further drying in air the mixed fertilizer in (c) or parching to make water content less than 20 wt.%. The particle product is obtained by further granulation of the mixed fertilizer in (c).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing the dedicated organic fertilizer of solanaceous organic vegetable, the powdered product is got with atmospheric drying or parching, with water content less than 20 wt.%. The granular products is gained after pelleting blending fertilizer with present technology.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In processing vegetable straw waste to obtain organic fertilizer by fermentation, the water content is adjusted to be 60-70%; the C/N is adjusted to be 25:1. The adding amount of composite microbe is 0.1% of weight of the waste. The composite microbe is composed of B. subtilis, Trichodermin and A. niger in the ratio of 1: 1: 1 by weight. The main condition is 60-70 degrees C; the primary fermentation lasts for 10-15 days. The condition for after-ripening and fermenting is as follows: ending the after-ripening and fermenting stage when the internal temperature is stabilized to be lower than 40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fertilizer: In the formulation of tobacco waste biological organic fertilizer, the tobacco waste is leftover of tobacco leaf scrapes, tobacco stem and tobacco rod. The live stock excrement comprises 7 pts.wt. of chicken manure and 3 pts.wt. of pig manure and dairy manure. The compound microorganism is composed of photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete lactobacillus, actinomycete and bacillus by culturing; the content of living bacteria is at least 2 billion/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In power generation by collecting and purifying landfill gas, the gas collecting comprises: draining in the case that the liquid level of refuse leachate is higher than a preset value, and stopping draining in the reverse case. It comprises: adjusting drainage liquid level and drainage speed by adjusting the quantity of the tiny bubbles. Increasing the pressure of the gases comprises: adjusting pressure change rate smaller than 0.5kPa/minute. The change rate of the methane content is smaller than 1%/minute. The desulfuration by three-stage quick dry method uses two systems back upped to each other, and the desulfurizer uses an iron-series desulfurizer. The depth of the gas collecting shaft is greater than 15m, and the diameter is within 700-800mm. It further comprises water vapor pre-treatment before the landfill gas buffering, where the main gas collecting pipe is provided with a pre-treatment section of certain slope, and also U-drainpipe at the bottom. The slope of the main gas collecting pipe is smaller than 2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing carbon dioxide separation membrane material, PEGA refers to polyglycol acrylic ester compounds or polyglycol methyl acrylic ester compounds, with the molecular quality ranges between 100-100000; and the mass ratio between the PEGA and DM in the polymer PDM-PEGA is 1:99-99:1.The triggering agent refers to free-base triggering agent, including peroxide or azo compound.The triggering agent refers to dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile.The non-polarity solvent refers to sherwood oil, n-hexane or normal heptane. In producing composite material, the solvent is methanol, ethanol and/or water; the Cl mol ratio between the tertiary amino-group in the mixed liquid PDM-PEGA and the xylene dichloride is 0:1-1:1.The base membrane is a multi-pore density non-hydrophilic base membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In preparing microbial fermentation liquid from fish skin and fish scale, the acid washing of the fish scale comprises: using concentrated hydrochloric acid with concentration of 10-15% to soak the fish scale for 10-12 hours; and then using water to wash for adjusting pH to 6-7. The enzymolysis process comprises specific steps as follows: adding 50-100% of the fish skin or the fish scale washed by acid into the water; adjusting pH to 9-11 and heating to 45-60 degrees C; adding 1-2% of alkaline protease for processing the enzymolysis about 3-6 hours to obtain the mother solution of collagen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfur tolerant methanation catalyst comprises: (a) catalyst obtained by complexing molybdenum catalyst and oxide catalyst; where the complexed catalyst comprises 10-90% of molybdenum catalyst and 10-90% of oxide catalyst; the molybdenum catalyst is Mo2-20-Ni2-10-(AO)70-98; and the oxide catalyst is (MOx)20-100(AOy)0-80; (b) catalyst with formula of (MOx)20-100(AOy)0-80; where it comprises 20-100% of chromium (Cr), 0-25% of vanadium (V), 0-25% of cobalt (Co), and 0-25% of manganese (Mn); and the active component MOx is 20-100% of the total weight of catalyst; the supporter AOy is 0-80% of the total weight of catalyst; and (c) SDM sulfur tolerant methanation catalyst produced by East China University Of Science and Technology.MOx=active metal oxide comprising Cr, V, Ni, Co, and Mn;AOy=supporter Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, or CeO2; andx and y=oxygen atom number of oxide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In performing ultrafiltration of wastewater, the amylose and/or amylopectin is/are from starch. The starch is from a plant selected from a potato, a sweet potato, maize, wheat, or rice. The branching enzyme is derived from a microorganism. The branching enzyme is encoded by a polynucleotide selected from: (a) a polynucleotide which encodes a protein comprising a fully defined 666 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification; (b) a polynucleotide comprising a fully defined 2001 bp sequence (SEQ ID NO. 2) given in the specification; (c) a polynucleotide which encodes a protein comprising one or more amino acid substitution, deletion, insertion, and/or addition in SEQ ID NO. 1; (d) a polynucleotide hybridizable under stringent conditions with DNA comprising SEQ ID NO. 2; or (e) a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence having 70% or more identity with SEQ ID NO. 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The cypermethrin insecticide composition is missible oil, micro-emulsion, suspension, emulsion in water, streaming agent, aerosol or hot aerosol. The accessory is selected from emulsifying agent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, stabilizing agent, solvent or propellent. The wetting agent is selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol sulfate, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether. The dispersing agent is selected from lignosulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl ethyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate or polycarboxylic acids. The stabilizing agent is selected from triethanolamine or epoxidized vegetable oil. The solvent is selected from toluene, xylene, acetone, cyclohexanone, ethanol, deodorized kerosene or de-ionized water or mixture of them. The propellent is dimethyl ether, compressed gas or hydrocarbon compounds. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The honeycomb type active carbon is added to a chemical activating furnace and an activating agent is added to the furnace at a rate of 0.7 l/minute at 600-1000 degrees C and secondary activation of the carbon is carried out for 1-3 hours. The activating agent is water vapor or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves connecting turbine near the outlet of processed sewage plant and farmland, and narrowing pipes for increasing the pressure. The product of sewage treatment process is added into a reservoir and hydroelectric dam is generated. Several reservoirs are arranged between the outlet of sewage treatment plant and the turbine and the treated product is optionally mixed with salt water (from a salt water body).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The second conduit is further provided with an anti-explosion valve for preventing the explosion danger caused by tempering. The water storage tank is provided with a content gauge inside and the content gauge is electrically connected with the computer control unit for detecting the water level in the water storage tank and thus to warn for water draining. The control valve is a manual or an automatic valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silica gel, active carbon and 5A molecular sieved adsorption agent are filled in different parts of the same adsorption tower or in different adsorption towers. Preferred Conditions: The pressure swing adsorption process includes adsorption, average pressure decrement, reverse discharge, flushing or vacuuming, average pressure increment, and final pressure increment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: A green house is sterilized by enclosing green house film for 7 days before field planting, and at the same time, mixing 250 g of 80% dichlorvos with sawdust, adding 100 g sulfur, and distributing mixture to burn. In the method, an agent comprising 50% procymidone wetting powder, 65% sulfur mildew wetting powder, 50% vinclozolin wetting powder and 2.5% pesticide biphenthrin miscible oil, is used in preventing and curing disease and insect pest.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethanol, ethanol water solution, methanol, acetone, isobutyl ketone or acetonitrile. The organic solvent is 95% ethanol to control concentration of solution to be 3-8%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of the high polymer cellulose ether derivative to enteric soluble acrylic resin and borneol is 1-3:1. The high polymer cellulose ether derivative is methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hypromellose or hydroxypropyl cellulose. ACTIVITY - Gastrointestinal-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The processing of the raw materials is conducted at 30-45 degrees C and at 10-25 MPa for 1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In decoloring dyeing waste water, the liquid culture medium is composed of 15 to 30 g of glucose, 1 to 3 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 to 2 g of magnesium sulfate, 0 to 1 g of yeast extract, 0 to 1 g of tryptone, 0.1 to 0.8 g of sodium chloride, and 1000 ml of water; the liquid culture medium has pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The 0.03 to 1% of tween 80, N-methyl ethanesulfonic acid or dioctyl sulfonate dosium succinate are added in the liquid culture medium based on the total weight of the liquid culture medium. The step of culturing inoculating suspension comprises that inoculating the fungus strain on the solid inclined culture medium; culturing for 5 to 14 days at 20 to 40 degrees C to form spore; washing the spore or scrapping the mycelium, and breaking; then preparing into inoculating suspension with consistency of 10 to the power of 5 to 10 to the power of 9 parts (sections) per mol by physiological saline by service. The solid inclined culture medium for culturing spore is potato juice or czapek medium. The broken hypha is 500 to 800 mu m long. The immobilizing base material is composed of mekralon, polyethylene, polyester, polyamine fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, poly-lactic acid fiber, meta-position aromatic polyphthaleinamine fiber, nylon, coal dregs, active carbon fiber, coconut shell carbon fiber or light ceramicite. The immobilizing base material can be prepared into solid, ball or disc type with volume between 0.1 to 100cm3. The immobilized mycelium covered on the base material can be inactivated for 15 to 30 min at 100 to 121 degrees C. The dyeing waste water can be the dyeing waste water with natural dye or composite dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In removing 2,4-dichlorophenol in water with polyurethane sponge immobilized white rot fungus, the polyurethane sponge carrier is a matrix formed by sponge plastics, which is featured with through hole so that the liquid and gas in the inner and outer part of the carrier can exchange with each other. The inorganic salt liquid culture medium is composed of the following components: 10 g/L of glucose, 0.22 g/L of ammonium tartrate, 0.2 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.01 g/L of calcium chloride, 5 mg/L of vitamin B1. The white rot fungus is phanerochaete chrysosporium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In preparing hydrophilic porous polyurethane carrier, the porous polyurethane is porous polyurethane with different apertures obtained by foaming the liquid polyurethane; the porous polyurethane is processed to form a cube or cylinder material. The aperture of the porous polyurethane is 0.2-4 mm; the size of the carrier is 0.2-50mm; the shape of the carrier is cube, rectangle, cylinder or sphere. The polymerization degree of the modifier of the hydrophilic polyurethane is 40-55. The hydrophilic porous polyurethane carrier is applied in fluidized-bed and fixed-bed in the sewage treatment or immobilization of microorganism in the fermentation or immobilization of microorganism in the gas biological treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of methanol to hogwash oil is 15:4. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature falls within a range of 10-100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The oil/fat is any of natural oil/fat, synthetic oil/fat, monoglyceride, diglyceride, synthetic triglyceride, their modificates, or waste oil/fat containing any of them. The alcohol includes at least one mixed alcohol selected from linear or branched 1-18C alcohols.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer fiber substrate is a thread-like one or a fiber aggregate of a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric or hollow yarn membrane. The mean fiber diameter of the polymer fiber substrate is 1-50 mu m. The active monomer has at least one functional group selected from amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: In the chlorothalonil tetrafluoride microemulsion, the emulsifying agent is one of alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, alcohol ether sulfate, calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate, diphenol xenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester and sodium dodecyl sulfate or composition of more than one of them. The stabilizing agent is one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, sodium sorbate, 3-chloro-1,2-propylene epoxide and cresyl glycidol ether or composition of more than one of them. The penetrating agent is laurocapram. The cosolvent is one of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl fomamide, isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexanone and acetone or composition of more than one of them. The remaining amount of water is de-ionized water. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
ACTIVITY - Pesticde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The stock solution is effective microorganisms (EM) stock solution of strain. Preferred Method: Aerobic fermentation includes introducing air to oxygen fermentation tank containing mixed material everyday, and overturning the mixed material at 2-5 m/minute 1-2 times/day for 7-15 days until aerobic fermentation is completed. The mixed material to be aerobically fermented is led from one lateral of tank, and the formed microbial organic fertilizer is discharged from the other lateral of tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is normal well water or tap water. Nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium fertilizers (0-10 wt.%) are added to and mixed with microbial organic fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer is diammonium phosphate. The phosphorus fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate or diammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises feces of human and animal, crop straw, stem and leaf, bran coat, weed, and/or organic waste. The mixed material has water content of 40-50 wt.%. After aerobic fermentation, the microbial organic fertilizer has water content of 30-40 wt.%. The dried microbial organic fertilizer has water content of 13-20 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal in porous carbon material is 1 weight% or more. The porous carbon material contains two or more types of metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex is amine complex or ethylenediamine complex. Preferred Condition: The baking process is carried out at 200 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The oiling agent fumigant is prepared from (in wt.%): allylisothiocyanate (1-60), aromatic isothiocyanate (0.25-20), antioxidant (0.1-2), solvent (10-85) and balance vegetable oil. The emulsion in water fumigant is prepared (in wt.%): allylisothiocyanate (1-20), aromatic isothiocyanate (0.25-10), emulsifier (12-28), ascorbic acid (0.1-2), solvent (10-30), vegetable oil (1-15) and balance water. The fumigant granules are prepared (in wt.%): 1-5 % of allylisothiocyanate (1-5), 0.5-2 % of aromatic isothiocyanate (0.5-2), 65-85 % of powdered material (65-85), 1-20 % of coating material (1-20) and 1-8 % of curing agent (1-8). The powered material also comprises (in wt.%): modified starch (40-65) and additives (12.5-20). Preferred Components: The aromatic isothiocyanate is selected from phenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate, 1-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, 2-phenylethyl parachlorobenzyl isothiocyanate, o-chlorobenzyl or paratrifluoromethyl isothiocyanate. The fumigant is prepared into oiling agent, emulsion in water, soluble liquid or granules. The antioxidant is ascorbic acid or gallic acid amyl esters. The solvent is toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate or cyclohexanone. The vegetable oil is selected from rough colleseed oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil. The emulsifier is T4103, TX-10, pesticide emulsifier 500#, 602, OP-10, Well201, Well205 or M30. The solvent is ethyl acetate or cyclohexanone. The powdered material selected form zeolite powder, clay, silicon dioxide or bentonite. The coating material is selected from linseed oil, castor oil or soybean oil. The curing agent is phenolic resin. The modified starch is selected from hydroxymethyl starch or alpha-cyclodextrin. The additives are selected form crosslinking agent, anionic surfactant or potassium chloride. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The seed dressing agent also comprises (in pts.wt.): film-forming agent (15-32.6), dispersant (15-32.6) and emulsifier (15-32.6). Preferred Compositions: The traditional Chinese medicinal formulation also comprises (in pts.wt.): mandala (150), Rhododendron molle (100), folium isatidis (200), Houttuynia cordata (300), common Andrographis herb (20), saponin (10) and radix sophorae flavescentis (100). ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of ethyl acetate is 103 parts weight, dried sodium thiocyanate is 5 parts weight, N,N-dimethylaniline is 0.5 part weight, methyl chloroformate is 5.9 parts weight and o-phenylenediamine is 3.4 parts weight. Preferred Process: The wet thiophanate methyl is water washed using hydrochloric acid-ethanol, and dried at 110-130 degrees C. The solvent in the solvent receiving container is allowed to stand and lower water phase is removed. The upper oil phase is added to the rectifying container, heated and rectified. A sample in rectification container is analyzed, solvent is directly distilled out from the rectifying container and conveyed to the synthesis container. The separated water phase in the wastewater tank is settled for a certain time, lower water layer is discharged to sewer to sewage treatment process, and the upper oil layer is conveyed to the desolventizing container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The volume of single fermentation room is several square meters to hundreds of square meters. The fermentation room is: made of brick, stone, cement, reinforced concrete or steel plate; provided with a sealing door made from steel plate, so the integral sealing property of the fermentation room is good and no gas is leaked; internally provided with a heating device for increasing indoor temperature and accelerating gas production speed, and also provided with a wind discharging pipe for removing marsh gas left in the fermentation room before material discharge to guarantee the safety of production and operators; coated with black coating with high absorption efficiency and covered with a vinyl house or glass temperature room to fully absorb solar energy and increase the fermentation temperature of the fermentation room; is provided with a thermometer, a pressure meter and a safety valve outside; and is installed with a marsh gas flow meter at the gas outlet. The plastic box or plastic barrel for loading fermenting material is solid, durable, of a shape that is beneficial for stacking and storage, and a size suitable for manual or mechanical transport. The upper part of the plastic box or plastic barrel is provided with holes for air ventilation during fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol mixed gas is cooled to liquefy methanol to obtain pure methanol, where an additive is also added in methanol to prepare denatured methyl alcohol, and then the denatured methyl alcohol is added in gasoline as vehicle fuel.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pesticide micro-emulsion comprises (in wt.%): methylamino abamectin benzoate (0.13-0.28 or 0.18-0.25), beta-cypermethrin (1.3-3.9 or 2.5-3.6), surfactant (6-15 or 9-12), ethanol (7-15 or 9-12) and tap water (65.82-85.57 or 72.15-79.32). The pesticide wettable powder comprises (in wt.%): methylamino abamectin benzoate (0.13-0.28), beta-cypermethrin (1.3-3.9), surfactant (6-15) and solid carrier (80.82-92.57). Preferred Condition: The pesticide preparation is prepared in form of micro-emulsion or wettable powder. Preferred Components: The solid carrier is selected from bentonite, attapulgite, kaoline, diatomaceous earth or white carbon black. ADMINISTRATION - The pesticide preparation is applied by diluting the preparation at normal-temperature with 3000-5000 times of purified water, and spraying the diluted liquid on leave surfaces.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The decomposed organic matter comprises greater than 50 wt.% smoke slag. The grain diameter of the furfural slag is less than 20 meshes. The fertilizer comprises 38 wt.% organic matter. The cake is bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, or rape cake. The grain diameter of the cake is less than or equal to 20 meshes. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is in a powder form. It contains 12-16 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer solution comprises (in wt.%): calcium carbonate (35.7), nitric acid (61.8), exo-polysaccharides (0.5) and water (2). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding microbial composition to the water resource, adding microelements to the water resource, adding filter-feeding fishes to the water resource and salvaging the fishes after fixed time. Preferred Microorganism: The microbial composition comprises Lactobacillus, L.acidophilus, L.plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, L.casei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and B.licheniformis. Preferred Animal: The filter-feeding fish is silver carp and/or spotted silver carp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microelements comprise copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, silicon, calcium, molybdenum, sodium and potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the solar heating continuous stable biogas producing system, the pipes among the heater (8), the heat storing device (1) and the automatic constant-temperature control device (3) are provided with valves (11). The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) is respectively connected to the heating heat medium temperature sensor (9) inside the biogas tank (4), the material liquid temperature sensor (10) in the heater (8) and the valves (11). The upper part of the biogas tank (4) is provided with a feeding hole (5) and a ventilation hole (6); the lower part of the biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material is provided with a material discharging hole (7). The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The flowing medium of the heat medium of the pipe (2) is heat conductive oil or water. The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) uses natural convection circulation control or forcible convection circulation control. The biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material uses steel or plastic or thin film material; the temperature-preserving material uses mineral wool or polyurethane or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The reaction is carried out at 30-80 degrees C. Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The oil raw material is vegetable oil or animal oil of formula (I).R1-R3=(un)saturated 7-22C aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant; Antimicrobial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mite is female adult carmine spider mite. The plant miticide is prepared by adding solubilizer, synergistic agent, emulsifier and/or suspending agent, and penetrant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatic and purified petroleum benzene. The solubilizer is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyether of sorbitol, lignosulfonate, tea dregs or saponin. The synergistic agent is tea saponin, 2-chloro-benzylamine dimethyl sulfoxide, methylene dioxybenzene derivative, 6-vinyl decyl aldehyde or octachloro dipropylether. The emulsifier is sodium acetate (C15-17H31-37COONa), sodium stearate, lauryl sodium sulfate, N-dodecyl dimethylamine, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxypropylene ether, p-octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester and alkylaryl sulfonate. The penetrant is benzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether or triphenyl phosphate. Alternately, the miscible oil comprises (in weight%) stigmasterol (50), solubilizer (20), emulsifier (10), synergistic agent (10) and penetrant (10). Alternately, the miscible oil comprises stigmasterol (40), solubilizer (30), emulsifier (10), synergistic agent (10) and penetrant (10). Alternately, the miscible oil comprises stigmasterol (30), solubilizer (40), emulsifier (10), synergistic agent (10) and penetrant (10). Alternately, the miscible oil comprises stigmasterol (20), solubilizer (50), emulsifier (10), synergistic agent (10) and penetrant (10). ACTIVITY - Acaricide; Herbicide.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel reforming catalyst attached on the inner circumference of the hydrogen separation membrane comprises rhodium and platinum. The hydrogen separation membrane comprises nickel, barium, zirconium, yttrium, cerium and gadolinium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The carbon dioxide (CO2) gas generated by the fermenting procedure is compressed and purified to prepare the CO2 finished product; the waste swort liquid discharged from the tower bottom in the rough distilling procedure is centrifuged to obtain wet straw dreg and filtering clean liquid; and the filtering clean liquid can be led into the mixing slurry directly and also can be led into a sewage processing device. The cellulase is a compound enzyme system and comprises endocellulase, excision enzyme, and beta-glucosaccharase, where the enzyme activity index is not less than 25 international units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wood fiber exhibits a length of 3-8 mm and a thickness of 1-2 mm. The wood fiber, at a quantity of 50-80 (preferably 60-70) wt.%, exhibits a length of 6-8 mm and the wood fiber, at a quantity of 10-40 (preferably 20-30) wt.%, exhibits a length of 3-6 mm. Preferred Process: The drying is carried out up to have maximum of 11%, preferably maximum 8%, of residual moisture. The wood fibers are conditioned before pelletizing, and the wood fibers are sprayed with hot water optionally before adding into pelletizing press. The process comprises separating fibers from different types of wood, crushing the fibers, optionally drying and/or separating bark fractions and mixing together before pelletizing. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: The electrolyte comprises zinc hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, colloidal silver, colloidal magnesium and water. Preferred Particles: The nanoparticles are made of nickel, tungsten, iron, cobalt or their magnetic alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In the process for producing biogas, the hydrolytic phase is carried out under aerobic conditions with oxygen insufflation. The acetogenic phase is maintained at a pH greater than or equal to 6. The acetogenic phase is carried out at pH 6.0 to 7.0, preferably 6.2 to 6.5. The hydrolytic phase, the acetogenic phase and the methanogenic phase are subjected to a central stirring, obtained by a mechanical stirrer, and to a perimetric stirring, which is added to the central stirring, obtained through the positioning, along the internal wall of each reactor and spaced from it, of a heating system, preferably a heating coil. Along the internal wall of each reactor a net for the containment of inert substances is positioned. Preferred Plant: The hydrolysis reactor operates under aerobic conditions and is equipped with an oxygen insufflation device. The acetogenic reactor is equipped with a pH-control device and, optionally, a device for delivering a pH-adjusting solution, capable of maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture at values equal or higher than 6, preferably at pH 6.0 to 7.0, more preferably 6.2 to 6.5. Each reactor includes a net and inert substances coating placed along the internal wall of each reactor and/or a heating system, preferably a heating coil, placed along the internal wall of each reactor and spaced from it. The heating system being placed at a distance, from the wall of each reactor, between 20 and 70 cm and at a distance from the coating between 5 and 70 cm. The plant comprises a mechanical stirrer placed in proximity of the central zone of at least one reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The fat and oil producing microorganism is yeast chosen from Lipomyces, Oidium, Endomyces, Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus and Rhodosporidium, preferably Lipomyces.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt is chosen from ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogenphosphate, magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of saccharides in culture medium (C1) is 15-25%, and the concentration of saccharides in culture medium (C2) is 3-20%, preferably 3-10%. The total molar concentration of saccharides and salts is 0.88-1.16 mol/l. Preferred Components: The saccharides are monosaccharides chosen from glucose, xylose, xylitol, xylulose, arabinose, mannose, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, maltose, cellulose, starch, xylan, arabinan and arabinoxylan, preferably glucose, xylose and sucrose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photocatalyst consists of complex of terephthalic acid ruthenium, terephthalic acid ruthenium chloride, terephthalic acid ruthenium boron tetrafluoride salt, terephthalic acid ruthenium phosphorus hexafluoride, and terephthalic acid ruthenium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The woody plants are Japanese black pines or Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) which are withered with pine wood nematode disease. The alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The manufacture of incomplete combustion gas of woody plants involves performing 24-96 times of hot air drying at 40-180 degrees C. The manufacture of incomplete combustion gas of woody plants involves carrying out first heating temperature at 180-200 degrees C, and obtaining liquid which cools dry-distilled first dry distillation gas at room temperature and contains wood vinegar. The manufacture of incomplete combustion gas of woody plants involves removing carbon dioxide and suppressing reduction in carbon monoxide by making second dry distillation gas contact with sodium hydroxide solution. The manufacture of formic acid metal salt mixture involves making dry distillation gas react with solution containing sodium hydroxide or alkali metal salt, and removing carbon dioxide. Preferred Parameters: The second heating temperature in manufacture of incomplete combustion gas of woody plants is 400-600 degrees C or 800-1000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The emitted heat-amount of combustible content of carbonized material is measured conforming to the JISM8814 standard. The moisture content in the carbonized material is measured conforming to the JISM8812 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water quality is determined based on odor strength, amount of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen concentration, total nitrogen value, total phosphorus value, amount of surplus sludge, chromaticity or viscous degree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrocarbon-containing gas is obtained by anaerobic digestion. The method further comprises: scrubbing the hydrocarbon-containing gas sufficient to remove substantially all hydrogen sulfide; and exposing the mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether to a zeolite socony mobil catalyst under conditions sufficient to form the hydrocarbon fuel, which is a gasoline mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons having 5-12C chains and aromatic hydrocarbons including xylene, toluene, isopentene and other isoparaffins. The steam gas further includes air, so that the reforming is a tri-reforming process including simultaneous dry reforming, wet reforming and partial oxidation. The reforming is performed at less than 150 psi. The step of converting the methanol product includes partially converting the methanol product to a dimethyl ether product to form a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether. The step of converting the methanol occurs within one mile of a formation source of the hydrocarbon-containing gas. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon-containing gas has a majority of methane and 30% to less than 50% carbon dioxide. The mixture has a modulus of 1-3, preferably 1.5-2.5, where the modulus is defined by the formula ((hydrogen)-(carbon dioxide)/(carbon monoxide)-(carbon dioxide)). The Ni-Ir catalyst has 2.5 wt.% of Ni and 0.5 wt.% of Ir with 0.25 wt.% variation for each of Ni and Ir. The partially converting the methanol product includes a dimethyl ether catalyst containing gamma -alumina and Cu-Zn-alumina catalyst particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The reforming is accomplished using a packed bed reactor including a supported catalyst, which is a nickel (Ni)-iridium (Ir) catalyst. The step of converting the mixture is a catalytic reaction which includes a copper (Cu)-zinc (Zn)-alumina as a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper part of the rain water detaining chamber is provided with a filling material pressing net and the water outlet position is provided with a filling material retaining net. The two sides of the rain water detaining chamber are respectively provided with one rain water detaining chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The cooling water is fed during conveyance of crushed straw raw material, extraction of wood tar, and purification of residual gas. The mixture containing wood tar and wood vinegar liquid is separated into wood tar and wood vinegar liquid in a separating tank. The smoke is sucked with a suction fan, and supplied to the purifying tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: the solution is heated or cooled to a predetermined temperature; and the metal ions and the amphiphilic ligands are dissolved in an aqueous solvent. The method further comprises: washing the MAMS with a suitable solvent; heating the MAMS to a predetermined temperature, where the MAMS become activated for gas adsorption. Preferred Components: The source of metal ions comprises at least one ion of metals comprising transition metals, aluminum, germanium, or gallium. The transition metals are period four transition metals. The period four metals are chromium, nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese, or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amphiphilic ligand is substituted benzene compounds of formula (I), (II) or (III), or substituted biphenyl compounds of formula (IV) or (V). The aqueous solvent comprises ethylene glycol.X = carboxylate, CN, phosphonate, sulfonate, imidazolate, pyridine, pyrazolate, or tetrazolate; andY1 = tert-butyl, methyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, butoxy, butylsulfonyl, (halo)alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy. EXAMPLE - 5-tert-Butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (0.075 g) and nickel nitrate hexahydrate (0.15 g) in water/ethylene glycol (volume ratio 4:1) (7.5 ml) were placed in a 20 ml Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene) container and sealed in an autoclave. The autoclave was heated to 210 degrees C (heating rate 2 degrees C/minute) in a programmable oven at which it stayed for 24 hours before being cooled (cooling rate 0.5 degrees C/minute). The light green needle-like crystals obtained were washed with distilled water and methanol to give pure mesh-adjustable molecular sieve (Ni8( mu 3-OH)4(C12H12O4)6(H2O)8.8H2O) (55%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The plasma generator is non-movable electric arc plasma generator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The working gas of the plasma generator is hydrogen, argon, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and/or air. The high-methane gas is natural gas, coal layer gas and/or coke furnace coal gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the device, the conducting pipe is inserted into the water bottom of the water-tight compartment (6). The leakage tank (12) has pressure release pipe (13), liquid level meter (14). The toss panel is welded on the packing auger (20) leaf. The heating room (23) is welded on the ferment can (2), the bottom of the can has the thermal layer (24).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is active carbon or 5 Angstrom molecular sieve or 13 Angstrom molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The fermentable biogas is separated using unit having length of 25-35 mm, before providing into fermentation tank or pot. The catalyst is mixed with reduced amount of biomass, before providing into fermentation tank or pot. The biomass is fermented in fermentation tank or pot at 20-30 degrees C for 3-10 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor is a rotating horizontal fermenter. The inner wall of the pot body is provided with the spiral blade with an angle of complex line. The reactor pot body is made of insulating material comprising glass wool film, glass steel, cement and plastics. The outer wall of the pot body is provided with supporting shafts, and the middle part or the two ends of the outer wall are provided with gear rings which are connected with reduction gears of an electric motor. The ratio of the diameter of the gear rings to that of the reduction gears of the electric motor is 1 divide by 30-1 divide by 50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound is jasmonic acid or its derivatives, or cyclopentanone derivative of formula (I). The fruit growth stimulant dissolves or disperses the compound to water soluble medium. The fruit growth stimulant is sprayed or coated to the fruit of Jatropha. The fruit growth stimulant is adhered with respect to Jatropha such that the amount of adhesion is 5-100 mu g/cm2.R1=hydrocarbyl, preferably 1-6C alkyl;andR2=H or hydrocarbyl, preferably 1-6C alkyl. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: In the process: the step (i) comprises heating the biomass material, and/or biomass pyrolytic vapors produced from the biomass material, in the presence of a catalyst; step (i) is preceded by a mineral removal step, comprising contacting the biomass material with an aqueous solvent or solution, at ambient or greater temperature, and at ambient or greater pressure; the mineral removal step comprises soaking the biomass material in the aqueous solvent, and removing aqueous solvent from the biomass material by mechanical action; and the step (ii) comprises centrifugation, filtration, extraction or distillation under reduced pressure. Preferred Components: The point of biomass conversion is within 500 (preferably 100) miles from the point of harvest. The stabilized bio-oil is prepared by the process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal compounds originate at least in part from the biomass material and at least in part from the catalyst. The aqueous solvent or solution comprises either an acid or a base. In the process at least part of the metal compounds is present in the form of suspended particles having a particle size of 1 nm to 100 mu m, preferably 10-100 mu m. The pyrolytic oil further comprises metal chelated by one or more components of the pyrolytic oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the medical fiber for treating skin inflammation and pain comprises (wt.%) cellulose acetate nano fiber (10-65), ketoprofen ester prodrug (2-20), and drug transdermal absorption enhancer (2.5-7). Preferably, the weight ratio of ketoprofen ester prodrug, drug transdermal absorption enhancer, and cellulose acetate nano fiber is 2-20:2.5-7:10-65. Preferred Components: The ketoprofen ester prodrug is ketoprofen isopropyl ester, ketoprofen methyl ester, or ketoprofen ethyl ester. The drug transdermal absorption enhancer is azone, menthol, mixture of propylene glycol and oleic acid, borneol, eucalyptus oil, or limonene. The organic solvent is acetone, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, ethanol, or methylene dichloride. Preferred Process: The spinning is the wet method solution spinning technology, high voltage electrostatic spinning technology, or dry/wet method spinning technology. ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Dermatological; Analgesic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The weedicide composition for vegetable field is processed into aqueous emulsion, missible oil or wettable powder. The aqueous emulsion consists of 20-30 g/mL of butachlor, 8-12 g/mL of pendimethalin, 3-6 g/mL of solvent, 3-5 g/mL of emulsifying agent, 6-7 g/mL of dispersing agent, 0.1-0.5 g/mL of defoaming agent and water taking the rest proportion. The solvent is benzene; the emulsifying agent is pesticide emulsifier and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; the dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol or gum arabic; the defoaming agent is organic silicon defoaming agent. The mass ratio of pesticide emulsifier to sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate is 3:2. Preferred Method: In producing the weedicide composition, the mass ratio of butachlor to pendimethalin is 5:2. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The large frames of the two sides of the lifting plate are equipped with a pressing plate. The lifting devices of the two sides of the large frame are connected to each other through a connection rod, where the lifting device comprises a gear box and a lifting gear correspondingly meshed with the rack of the lifting plate. The main shaft is equipped with a main shaft chain wheel and a main shaft driving chain wheel, which are located on the same plate. The lower part of the large frame is further equipped with a back wheel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation tank is heated until the base material in the tank is heated to 60 degrees C, where the substance temperature of the base material is maintained at 50 degrees C, the activity of Actinomyces is promoted and activity of other microorganisms is suppressed. The method involves adding microbial bed (10% with respect to the base material) which cultivated mushroom mycelium into the fermentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: (I) is added or incorporated in an amount of 1-5 (preferably 1-3) wt.%. (I) is added to the aqueous composition by contacting the aqueous composition with a solvent that is immiscible with water and that comprises the antimicrobial agent. The surface has a biofilm before applying the product. The method-1 prevents a biofilm from forming on a surface of the film, fiber, molded or extruded article, or composite material. The microbial growth is a biofilm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous composition comprises an organic compound comprising hydrocarbons, triglycerides, fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, polyglycol ethers, alkyl glycol ethers, alkyl glycol esters, alkyl glycol ether esters, alkyl amines and/or alkyl amides. The organic compound and water in the aqueous composition are: miscible; and in separate liquid phases, and the method reduces or inhibits microbial growth at the interface between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. The organic compound is diesel, biodiesel, a mixture of diesel and biodiesel, aviation fuel, hydraulic oil, lubrication oil, vegetable oil, crude oil, transmission fluid, heating oil, or kerosene. The product comprises water and the weight percentage of (I) is based on the amount of water in the product. The personal care product is anhydrous. The product comprises 1-3 wt.% of (I). ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide; Antiseborrheic; Dermatological.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (I) further comprises applying energy: to the lignocellulosic biomass during step (b); to the ammonia-treated biomass during step (c); or to both. The method (II) further comprises applying energy: to the lignocellulosic biomass during step (d); to the ozone-treated biomass during step (e); or to both. The methods further comprise: saccharifying the readily saccharifiable carbohydrate-enriched biomass with an enzyme consortium, thus producing fermentable sugars; and fermenting the sugars to produce a target product. Preferred Components: The gas comprises 0.1-20 % by volume ozone. The gas further comprises air, nitrogen, oxygen and/or argon. The ratio of ozone to ammonia-treated biomass in step (c) is at least 1:100 on weight basis and the ratio of ozone to lignocellulosic biomass in step (b) is at least 1:100 on weight basis. The lignocellulosic biomass, the ammonia-treated biomass, or both comprises at least 30 % moisture. The ammonia is ammonia gas, ammonium hydroxide and/or urea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous solution comprising ammonia, further comprises at least one additional base comprising sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. EXAMPLE - A stream of ozone-enriched air was introduced into a slurry of dilute ammonia-pretreated corn cob (4.24 g of dry solid) in citrate buffer (26.6 ml and pH of 5) at room temperature. After 20 minutes and the consumption of 10 mg of ozone, the flow of ozone-enriched air was stopped and the slurry was charged with Accellerase 1000 (RTM: Biomass enzyme) and Multifect CX 12L (RTM: Metalloendopeptidase) enzyme cocktails and the mixture was left stirring in an incubator/shaker at 48 degrees C, thus giving carbohydrate-enriched biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises plant nutrient such as full ripened manure extract, organic acid derived from wood vinegar or bamboo acid liquid, and moisturizer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The marsh liquid is added with nutritive substances selected from nitrogen and phosphorus, added with 1 kg of calcium superphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The marsh liquid is added with nutritive substances selected from nitrogen and phosphorus, added with 1 kg of urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cellulase fluid is obtained by diluting cellulase NS50013 and saccharification enzyme NS50010, where mass ratio of the enzymes NS50013 and NS50010 is 10:1, diluting solution of the cellulase fluid is bacteria free water, and the volume ratio of the enzymes and water is 1:60-100. The mass ratio of the banana stalk, cellulase fluid and microbial culture is 1:0.2-0.6:0.01-0.05. The hydrolysis is performed at 45-60 degrees C for 24-36 hours at pH of 4.5-6.5. The fermentation is performed at 25-35 degrees C for 48-96 hours at pH of 8-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer solution comprises (in wt.%): urea solution (43.5 or 17.4), phosphoric acid (15.4 or 7.7) and potassium chloride (20 or 40), exo-polysaccharide (0.6 or 0.6) and water (20.5 or 34.5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition further includes the polymer support fixed to the jelly type, where the polymer support is agar. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - The B. licheniformis CMS-1 (KCTC 11334BP) comprises a defined sequence of 663 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1), given in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode plate comprises (in parts weight) carbon nanotube (2-15), carbon (100), nickel oxide (80-360), decarboxylated sodium compound (20-120), and catalyst (10-200). The catalyst is nano tourmaline or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The product is prepared by using (in %): sodium chloride (30-35), soybean oil (30-35) and water (30-35). ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant; Insecticide; Antibacterial; Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The product is directly sprayed on plants. (No dosage details given).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 28:1. The ratio of carbon and phosphorus is 163:1. The fermented material further comprises carbamide, water-soluble nitrate for adjusting carbon and phosphorus ratio, ammonia or amido-nitrogen for adjusting carbon and nitrogen ratio. The water-soluble phosphate is monopotassium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: (I) contains (by weight) 18.8% urea, 23.6% monoammonium phosphate, 17.3% ammonia solution, 21.6% potassium chloride, 0.4% exopolysaccharide and 18.3% water; or 20% urea, 24% monoammonium phosphate, 17.5% ammonia solution, 19.2% potassium chloride, 0.5% exopolysaccharide and 18.8% water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Plant nutrient source.    EXAMPLE - A stable, highly concentrated, supersaturated fertilizer solution contained (by weight) 18.8% urea, 23.6% monoammonium phosphate, 17.3% ammonia solution, 21.6% potassium chloride, 0.4% exopolysaccharide and 18.3% water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The amount of return gas is 40-100 m3/hour, and the air inlet amount is 20-50 m3/hour. The biomass is wood block and/or shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding essential oil chosen from glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, herb oil, aromatic oil, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, hydrogenated castor oil, ethanol and water, and immersing the clothes. ACTIVITY - Insecticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixing ratio of bituminous coal and anthracite coal is 5-15 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises glutaraldehyde solution. Preferred Method: The chitosan solution is mixed with the glutaraldehyde solution in the ratio of 1:10. The glutaraldehyde solution is prepared by mixing glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid in isopropanol solution containing water. The isopropanol solution contains isopropanol and water in the ratio of 90:10. The glutaraldehyde solution contains glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 5:1. The chitosan solution comprises 1-3% of chitosan and 1000-50000 ppm of silver nanoparticles. The method involves mixing the glutaraldehyde solution and chitosan solution in the ratio of 1:1, coating the mixture on glass plate, drying the coating at 35-40 degrees C for 45-50 hours and forming dried chitosan film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The raw material further contains 25-35 weight% of ceramics, 25-35 weight% of quicklime, 10-20 weight% of germanium, 7-15 weight% of mica, 7-20 weight% of oyster shell, and 7-15 weight% of minerals or calcium hydroxide.
ACTIVITY - Dermatological. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
ACTIVITY - Tranquilizer; Dermatological. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The compound is derived from Corallina pilulifera. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Lipase: The encoding gene of the lipase resisting organic solvent comprises fully defined 1611 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In method (M1) and (M2), the dissolved air flotation sludge is introduced to the lignocellulose-containing material prior to or at the same time as exposing the lignocellulose containing material to a hydrolyzing enzyme. The dissolved air flotation sludge is introduced to the lignocellulose-containing material in an amount of 1-40 (preferably 5-20) wt/wt.% dissolved air flotation sludge/lignocellulose-containing material. The dissolved air flotation sludge is treated prior to introduce to the pretreated lignocellulose-containing material. The dissolved air flotation sludge is treated using methods including enzymatic methods, thermal methods, mechanical methods, and/or chemical methods. The dissolved air flotation sludge treatment is autoclaving. The lignocellulose-containing material is pretreated using acid pretreatment. Preferred Components: The hydrolyzing enzyme to which the lignocellulose-containing material is exposed comprises cellulase preparation A, and/or at least one component. The dissolved air flotation sludge comprises waste from an agricultural wastewater treatment process. The dissolved air flotation sludge comprises waste from a wastewater treatment process associated with slaughtering of animals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The lignocellulose-containing material is selected from corn stover, corn cobs, corn fiber, switch grass, wheat straw, rice straw and/or bagasse. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide catalyst comprises alumina, hafnia, titania and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction mixture comprises at least 50 wt.% of polyol. The organic acid comprises carboxylic acids. The temperature is greater than 200 degrees C, preferably greater than 350 degrees C. The polyol comprises glycerin, and the alcohol comprises 1-30C alcohols. Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises at least 1 wt.% of the reaction products of glycerin and an alcohol. The alcohol comprises ethanol. Preferred Method: The method comprises combining a glycerin and ethanol to form a reaction mixture. EXAMPLE - Glycerin-ethanol solution was pumped into a heat exchanger with silver solder such that the heat from the hot effluent from the reactor was exchanged with the incoming reactant stream (glycerin-ethanol). Mole ratio of the glycerin to ethanol was 1:47. After the heat exchanger, the reactant mixture passed through an electrical preheater that brought the reactants to the desired set point temperature before the mixture entered the independently temperature controlled fixed bed catalytic reactor. The contact time was 30 seconds. The backpressure of the system was maintained, after that the fuel was routed to fuel tank. The reaction was carried at 375 degrees C, for 26 minutes. The front pressure and back pressure were held at 2250 psi. The reaction product mixture was assayed using gas chromatography. The separation conditions was at 45 degrees C for 6 minutes, then increased temperature to 280 degrees C, then held for 5 minutes, total running time was 58 minutes, then glycerin was reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst to form fuel additives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: providing second temperature controlled adsorber undergoing regeneration that is isolated from the process stream, where the second temperature controlled adsorber has at least one adsorption flow passage containing adsorptive material coating, and at least one heat transfer flow passage; providing heating fluid to at least one heat transfer flow passage of the second temperature controlled adsorber; regenerating the adsorptive material coating by removing water; and producing cooled heating fluid and water effluent stream. The process further comprises at least one temperature controlled adsorber that is cycled through a regeneration step and at least one temperature controlled adsorber that is cycled through at least one bed to bed interchange step, where each temperature controlled adsorber includes at least one adsorption flow passage and at least one heat transfer flow passage, and the adsorption flow passages contains an adsorptive material coating that adsorbs the water during the adsorption step. Preferred Components: The process stream contains ethanol and water ( less than or equal to 85 wt.%). The adsorptive material coating contains polymer and zeolite, where zeolite is type 4A or type 3A zeolite. The dehydrated effluent stream contains less than 5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% water. At least one of the first temperature controlled adsorber or the second temperature controlled adsorber is a plate-fin type heat exchanger. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred parameter: The fermentation process is performed at 37-47 degrees C and pH 2-6. Preferred Process: The method involves carrying out saccharification process, fermentation process, and ethanol concentration process and/or dehydration process in order.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The marker component is added to the fluid before or during the fluid's use in an application. Preferred Components: The optically active marker component comprises a chiral molecule that is at least partially soluble in functional fluid. The optically active marker component comprises a compound of the formula (I), where the optically active marker component is non-racemic in regards to at least one set of enantiomers. The optically active marker component comprises cholesteryl acetate, one or more tartaric acid derived diesters and/or imides, L-menthyl lactate, (S)-(-)-perillaldehyde, (1R)-(-)-menthyl acetate, (R)-(+)-limonene, cholesterol, sucrose, camphor, penicillin V, taxol, bromobutane and/or cavicularin. The concentration of the marker component in the functional fluid is 10-1000 ppm. The fluid contains at least one optical marker.X = C, N, P or S;R1-R4 = hydrocarbyl or -OR5; andR5 = H or hydrocarbyl, an aromatic group, a lone pair of elections when X is N, a double bonded oxygen atom when X is P or S, with the proviso that none of the R groups are identical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The light-colored glycerol is selected from soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, Jatropha, cotton seed oil, tallow, sunflower, babassu oil, turnip, coconut, rapeseed, other oil seeds or from transesterification of vegetable oils used in frying, animal fat, industrial or domestic sewage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cyclization reagent is selected from acetone, cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or benzaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The activator is chosen from alkali metal, alkali earth metal, hydride of alkali metal, hydride of alkali earth metal, hydroxide of alkali metal, and hydroxide of alkali earth metal, preferably lithium hydride. The inert gas is chosen from argon, helium, nitrogen and hydrogen, preferably argon. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of activator and base metal is 1:5 or less, 1:10 or less or 1:30 or less. Preferred Condition: The activator is contacted with base metal by dissolving the activator in non-aqueous solvent, adding base metal to solution of activator, evaporating solvent, depositing activator on surface of base metal and heating in inert gas atmosphere. The base metal is reacted with water at 5-100 degrees C and pH of 4-10. The hydrogen is alternately produced by reacting base metal with urine in presence of activator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is chosen from lithium, sodium and potassium. The base metal is aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The base material is made of iron, iron-type alloy, nickel or nickel group alloy. The thickness of gold plated layer is 0.005-0.1 mu m.
ACTIVITY - Virucide.    ADMINISTRATION - The Albizzia julibrissin extracting liquid is applied by diluting the liquid in proportion of 1:(10-40). The obtained liquid is sprayed to leaves of tobacco (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shape of the pyrolytic disk is an equilateral polygon. The main body of the pyrolytic disk can be obtained by connection of one or more layers of same rings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The catalyst for alcohol synthetic reaction comprises 40-60 mol% of zirconium, 20-40 mol% of copper, 11-10 mol% of M(A), 1-30 mol% of nickel, and 1-10 mol% of manganese, in which M(A) is alkali metal, alkali-earth metal, and transition element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic waste contains starch, food fiber, fat, protein, and also kitchen garbage, hogwash, fruit peel and waste mycelium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The slope of the first and the second sludge crawler conveyer is the same as that of the cement rotary kiln. The distance of the central line of the first sludge crawler conveyer and lowest point of the shell of the cement rotary kiln is 20-50 cm. The width of the first and the second sludge crawler conveyer is 0.5-1.0 m. The length of the first and the second sludge crawler conveyer is 20-35 m. The first sludge crawler conveyer comprises 2-3 fixing rolling spike-tooth harrows which are installed above 15-35 m of the first sludge crawler conveyer. The length of the first and the second sealing box is 21-36 m. The bottom width of the first and the second sealing box is 1.5-3.5 m. The height of the first and the second sealing box is 2-4 m. The second sludge crawler conveyer comprises 4-6 fixedly-rolling spike-tooth harrows which are installed above 15-35 m of the second sludge crawler conveyer. The distance of the central line of the second sludge crawler conveyer and lowest point of the shell of the cement rotary kiln is 20-50 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst in the catalytic liquefaction reactor comprises an acid catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises providing a second feed stream comprising a portion of the natural gas stream and/or a portion of a stream separated from the process; and conveying the second feed stream to a reaction section of the reactor where the second feed stream is heated by intimate mixing with the feed stream to a temperature and for a time sufficient such that reactive products comprising acetylene and/or ethylene are produced. The natural gas stream is at 1-20 bar, and preheated at 400-1800 K. The feed stream is preheated at 400-1800 K. It is maintained at greater than or equal to 400 K for 0.1-100, preferably 0.2-10 m-seconds. The catalytic liquefaction reactor is at 300-1000 K. The method further comprises separating a gas or vapor from the hydrocarbon liquids and using a portion of the gas or vapor stream to partially quench the reactive product stream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The salt of amine compound has buffer property. Preferred Salt: The salt of amine compound is chosen from ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium borate and ammonium citrate. The concentration of molecular ammonia is 500 mg/l or more. Preferred Conditions: The impregnation process is carried out at 40 degrees C or more, under pH of 8-9. Preferred Component: The organic substance containing polylactic acid is a mixture of polylactic acid and an organic refuse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microorganisms immobilization support further contains inorganic type hollow particle and/or polymer system hollow particle as specific gravity regulator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of water swellable clay mineral in gelled material is 3-20 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Emulsifier: The emulsifier is nonionic emulsifier, and is alkylene oxide addition product. Preferred Composition: The softening agent further contains polyhydric alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The hemp contains kenaf and jute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bast fiber is obtained from waste textile product generated from the manufacturing process of fiber mat formed using bast fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The energy comprises light or heat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting substituted diol compounds of formulae (HO-(Ar1)(SO3Na)-OH) and (HO-R-OH), and dicarbonyl compounds of formula (F-Ar1-C(=O)-(-Ar1-C(=O)-)n-Ar1-F) in the presence of potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Preferred Components: (I) has the structure of formula (Ia). The radical initiator comprises a photo initiator or a thermal initiator. The film formula further comprises a double-bond compound and/or a triple-bond compound. The double-bond compound comprises silane, divinyl benzene, or alkenyl oligomer. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding the double-bond compound and/or a triple-bond compound to the solution, where (I), the double-bond compound and/or the triple-bond compound are radical crosslinked by the energy. EXAMPLE - 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (1.85 g), 2,3-dihydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid monosodium salt (1.35 g), 1,4-dihydro-1,4-methano-naphthalene-5,8-diol (0.1 g) and potassium carbonate (1.19 g) were dissolved in a co-solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (10 ml) and toluene (10 ml). The solution was heated to 160 degrees C for 4 hours and then distilled out the toluene. The NMP solution was heated to 175 degrees C for 48 hours. After polymerization, at room temperature, methanol (100 ml) was added and worked up to give a sodium salt of (Ia) (2.85 g, 86%) (where the molar ratio of a and b is 9:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The organic substance containing polylactic acid is processed in gas atmosphere containing nitrogen-containing compound (I) at 40 degrees C or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H, methyl or ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: In the heat-pipe electric power generating device, the material of the heat-pipe is copper. The inner wall of the heat-pipe is disposed with a capillary structure. The material of the hollow case is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetheretherketone. The movement manner of the fan is a rotary or a back and forth movement. Preferred Apparatus: In the hydrogen/oxygen gas generating apparatus, the stator coil of the generator is disposed with a rectification apparatus, so that an alternating current generated by the stator coil of the generator is converted to a direct current. The electrolytic solution is electrolyzed water. Preferred System: The internal combustion engine system having the heat-pipe electric power generating device further comprises a heat-conductive component, connected to the heat-pipe electric power generating device and the internal combustion engine to transmit a heat generated by the internal combustion engine to the evaporating end of the heat-pipe. The heat-conductive component is a radiator used to cool the internal combustion engine. The stator coil of the generator is disposed with a rectification apparatus, so that an alternating current generated by the stator coil of the generator is converted to a direct current. The electrolytic solution is electrolyzed water. The internal combustion engine has an air inlet connected to the gas outlet.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sodium iso-octoate is dissolved in the absolute ethyl alcohol that is 3-10 times of the mass of the sodium iso-octoate or 95% ethanol. The discolored cefodizime acid solution is mixed with ethanol solution of sodium iso-octoate at 5-25 degrees C to obtain ethanol solution of sodium iso-octoate crystal. In (b), the absolute ethyl alcohol is used for rinsing the filter mass for 15-20 minutes; and the acetone is used for rinsing the filter mass for 15-20 minutes after being filtered; where the wet material is obtained by filtering. The wet material is vaccumized and dried in a vacuum drier for 1 hour; and the hot water is switched in for 6-8 hours of drying at 50-53 degrees C to obtain sodium iso-octoate with moisture content of less than 3.5%. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the cefodizime sodium crystal to the triethylamine is 3-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active emulsifier is selected from natural soap powder, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, isotridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether or their mixture. The organic solvent is edible alcohol (50-70 wt.%). A potentiating agent (4-7 pts.wt.) is also included in the pesticide, where the potentiating agent is selected from 1-n-dodecylazacycloneptan-2-one, ethoxy modified trisiloxane, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dimethylchlorosilane, compound sodium nitrophenolate, N-alkylphenyl isothiazolone or their mixture.
ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The biological organic fertilizer preferably comprises (pts.wt.) organic fertilizer (67.5), urea (17.4), monoammonium phosphate (5), potassium chloride (5.3), zinc sulfate monohydrate (1), borax (0.5), and reinforcing agent and other components (3.3). The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide in the raw material is 9.5:3.8:4.2. The content of the total nutrients is not less than 17.5%. The content of organic matter is not less than 30%. The organic fertilizer in the raw material is prepared by uniformly mixing (pts.wt.) chicken manure (50-70), rape seed cake (20-40), bran (5-15), and biological fermenting agent (0.2%) as the fermentation raw materials which contain 60-70% water; piling at ratio of width to height of 1.5:0.8, turning over for once every other day; when the temperature is 75 degrees C, turning over for many times; when the temperature is 75 degrees C again, turning over again to reduce the temperature; when the temperature is 75 degrees C for the third time, turning over again to obtain the high quality biological organic fertilizer; removing pathogenic bacteria, insect pests, ruderal seed so as to reach harmless standard, and then adding into 1% of functional bacteria activating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The functional bacteria activating agent is prepared by mixing (pts.wt.) chitosan or its derivative (20-40), biological active matter of humic acid (5-15), sepiolite (10-20), perlite (5-15), bentonite and natural mineral material (10-20), and other high molecular weight compound (5-15%) to obtain functional bacteria activating agent carrier; and mixing the carrier with functional bacteria. The functional bacteria are prepared from (pts.wt.) Rhizobium (2), Bacillus subtilis (2), Aspergillus niger (1), Bacillus edaphicus (1), Streptomyces (1), Bacillus megaterium (1), and production-increasing bacteria (3). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The edible fungi residue has moisture content of 55-65 wt.%. The organic matter has moisture content of 45-55 wt.%. The cake dreg is bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, or colza cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The actinomycete fermentation liquor is formed by fermenting strain of Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is in powder form and contains 14-16 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide, and has particle size of not greater than 60 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The xylitol residue is the waste residue from manufacturing xylitol using cob and cane trash as materials, having grain size of not greater than 20 meshes, moisture content of not greater than 50 wt.%, and organic content of not less than 60 wt.%. The tobacco dreg is from tobacco waste slag from manufacturing cigarette, and having organic content greater than 50 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Nematocide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The organic fertilizer is applied by digging ditch with 15-20 cm depth in seedling bed without water at intervals of 1-1.2 m. The nanometer selenium organic base fertilizer is put into the ditch. The ditch is covered with soil. Water is put into the seedling bed after 15-25 days. The base fertilizer is decomposed efficiently. Water is charged to remove seedling after a week to obtain ear of rice. The obtained material is sprayed manually or by machine with nanometer selenium tourmaline functional water after 4 p.m in cloudy or sunny day with 200-300 L/mu (one mu is equal to six acres). If rain falls within 24 hours after spraying process, additional spraying is done once after raining. Usage of the nanometer selenium organic base fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of metazachlor and flumiclorac-pentyl is 1:1-25:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 20-95% of auxiliary material chosen from surfactant, filling materials and carriers. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The Capsicum frutescens is replaced by Capsicum chinense. The active ingredient comprises (in parts by wt.): the plant raw materials of Lantana camara (5), Capsicum frutescens (5), Allium cepa (5), Citrus maxima peel (5) and Citrus aurantium peel (5). The solvent is ethanol (56 parts of 96%) or lime water (111 parts of 30%). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is conducted for 2-4 days at 20-40 degrees C and 4-6 days at 0-20 degrees C. The aerobic fermentation is conducted for 11-13 days at 20-40 degrees C and 14-16 days at 0-20 degrees C, where the chicken manure is overturned for 8 times each day. The second step further comprises adding 5% base material which does not dry after fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The PDA culture medium comprises water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The PDA culture medium comprises 20 g of potato, 20 g of glucose and 10 g of agar powder. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mean molecular weight of protein hydrolyzate is 1000-50000. The protein material is of protein waste material origin, preferably industrial waste that is leather waste material or leather manufacture by-product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring fertilizing activity using grains of Brassica campestris, peptide chelate compound containing fertilizer improved stalk and leaves growth of the plant at a rate of 150.6 mm and weight of the B.campestris to 8.5 g/strain.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydroxy iron III is reacted with hydrogen sulfide to remove hydrogen sulfide in the form of iron sulfide and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil source includes triglyceride and carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The electrolyte solution is electrolytic solution or aqueous acids with conductivity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is acetic acid, formic acid or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell apparatus further comprises oxygen containing gas supply part which supplies oxygen containing gas to vaporization part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell system further has steam generator which generates steam by making residual gas that remains in catalytic reaction chamber and/or hydrogen transmitted to permeated water matter receptacle chamber into heat source.
EXAMPLE - Sewage sludge of dry mass content of 20% and gross calorific value of 4.5 MJ/kg was mixed with used motor oil of gross calorific value of 30 Mg/kg in ratio of 1:1 and 2% of nonionic surfactant (Rokafenol N8 (RTM: Oxyethylated nonylphenol)) was added. Next the mixture was emulsified by using high speed rotary stirrer to give emulsion having gross calorific value of 23.8 MG/kg, which was delivered by pump to burning zone of the cement kiln.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The multiple catalytic cracking special-shaped bricks are arranged in the cracking chamber, whose inner wall is built by catalytic cracking bricks made of attapulgite. The air chamber is arranged on the lower part of the gasification chamber. The feeding port is arranged on the bottom side of the gasification chamber. The discharging port is arranged on the bottom of the cracking chamber. The fuel gas outlet is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the cracking chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic cell is mono-chambered structure free from diaphragm which separates anode pole and cathode pole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst used for anode reaction is metal complex including rhodium, ruthenium or iridium and nitrogen-containing polycyclic compound or carbonyl compound as ligand or element chosen from group 11 of periodic table. The ruthenium oxide is of formula: RuO2.H2O, where x is 0-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydride is a compound of formula: X(Y'H4-nZn). The hydroxide is compound of formula: AOH.X,A=alkali metal, NH4 or M1/2;M=alkaline earth metal;Y'=boron, aluminum or gallium;Z=halo or monovalent hydrocarbyl;andn=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises hydroisomerizing the diesel fuel product. In the method, at least 95, preferably 98 wt.% of the oxygen is removed from the feedstock. Preferred Components: The biocomponent feedstock comprises plant oil or fat, animal oil or fat, fish oil or fat, or an algae oil or fat, preferably palm oil. The oxygen content of the first hydroprocessed feedstock is less than or equal to 0.1, preferably less than or equal to 0.01 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified support exhibits a surface area of 20-300 m2/g. The modified support is formed by contacting a support material with a modifier. The support material comprises a transition metal oxide. The support material exhibits a surface area of 50-350 m2/g. The metal component comprises a group VIII transition metal (0.1-60 wt.%). The metal component comprises nickel. The modifier comprises an alkaline earth element (0.1-15 wt.%). The modifier comprises a magnesium containing compound. The promoter comprises a rare earth element (0.1-15 wt.%). The promoter comprises lanthanum. The steam reforming catalyst comprises a greater amount of promoter than modifier. Preferred Method: The method further comprises calcining the steam reforming catalyst and/or the modified support at calcining temperature of 400-900 degrees C. The modified support exhibits a greater surface area after calcining than before. EXAMPLE - Co-mulling magnesium hydroxide, lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and deionized water into Catapal b (RTM: Alumina) in a Lancaster mix muller. The well mix-mulled powder was then extruded as a wet paste into the form of 1.6 mm cylindrical extrudates. The extrudates were dried at 120 degrees C for 16 hours and then calcined in air at 550 degrees C for 3 hours. The extrudate was allowed to cool and then impregnated with nickel nitrate hexahydrate. The nickel impregnated catalyst was dried and then calcined in air at 700 degrees C for 2 hours to give lanthanum promoted nickel catalyst having magnesium oxide impregnated into an alumina support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer particle further comprises 1-10% of humic acid and 1-10% of carbendazol or thiophanate-methyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is dimethylbenzene, toluene, anhydrous ethanol, acetone, or methanol. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: The raw materials and adjuvant are prepared into dispersible granule or wettable powder. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The acidity regulator comprises citric acid and sodium citrate. The mass ratio of citric acid to sodium citrate is 1: 4. The beverage comprises (wt.%) Boletus extract (20-92), apple concentrate (2-6), apple juice (2-5), white granulated sugar (2-10), acidity regulator (0.01-0.05), ascorbic acid (0.01-0.05), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.02-0.1), xanthan gum (0.02-0.1), burnt sugar pigment (0-0.1), apple essence (0.01-0.05), and water. ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant; Hypoglycemic; Antilipemic; Nootropic; Dermatological.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first ammonization is carried out at 0-0.03 MPa and at 80-85 degrees C. The second ammonization is carried out at 0.1-0.2 MPa and at 100-130 degrees C. The first ammonization used the concentrated, settled and separated diluted phosphoric acid as the raw material to react with ammonia and dust-containing exhaust gas produced by the third ammonization, the fourth ammonization and the drying process. The second ammonization and the concentration of the acidic slurry are carried out in the secondary ammonization and concentration integral device; and the ammonia-containing secondary stream produced by the second ammonization and the concentration of the acidic slurry is introduced to be as the heat source of the next circulation of the concentration of the diluted phosphoric acid. The third ammonization is carried out in a tubular reactor at controlled pressure of 0.5-1 MPa and at 150-200 degrees C. The fourth ammonization comprises directly spraying the ammonium phosphate slurry processed with the third ammonization into a transamination granulator for granulation; and spraying gas ammonia for ammonization while granulating. The fourth ammonization is sequentially carried out in an exhaust gas scrubbing tower, a concentrated acidic slurry circulating tube, a tubular reactor, and a drum ammonization granulator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass fraction of potassium chloride is 25-40%. The weight ratio of monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride is 100:47-55. The grain size of the crushed potassium metaphosphate is not greater than 1 mm. Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature is 600-900 degrees C; and the retention time is 1-4 hours; where the used reactor is graphite reactor. Cooling and recovering sublimated ammonium chloride is carried out at room temperature to 180 degrees C.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    ADMINISTRATION - The foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf during growth period of grape (fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and maturation-beginning stage of grape).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The power of the used microwave is 400 Watts. Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature is 38-60 degrees C and the reaction time is 2-10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The inorganic materials are urea (1.5-5%), ammonium phosphate (1.5-3), monopotassium phosphate (1-2%), and superphosphate (0.5-2%). Preferred Conditions: A powder microbial colony is prepared to 1000 times of microbial solution and added in a ratio of 250 ml of solution for every cubic meter of sludge material. The material inlet temperature of the dryer is 500-600 degrees C and the outlet temperature is 60-100 degrees C. The temperature of the secondary drying charge hole is 400-500 degrees C and the discharge hole temperature is 50-70 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The EM microbial colony is a high-efficiency microbial composite colony containing Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, aerobic Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, Actinomyces and strain of acetic acid bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The biological microbial inoculum uses RW degradation promoter. It is added at 0.01-0.02 wt.% of the total weight of organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer (F1) comprises (wt.%) organic substance (20.35-25.16) and total nutrient (19.57-26.44). Preferred Components: The total nutrient comprises (wt.%) nitrogen (8.90-9.96), phosphorus pentoxide (3.99-6.93), and potassium oxide (6.68-9.55). Preferred Method: The compost for fermenting is 0.8-1.0 m high, 1.4-2.0 m wide and 8.0-12.0 m long. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer (F1) comprises (wt.%): organic material (20.35-24.05) and total nutrient (20.92-26.85). Preferred Components: The total nutrient comprises (wt.%): nitrogen content (8.72-10.13), phosphorus pentoxide (3.85-7.07), and potassium oxide (8.35-9.65). Preferred Method: The fermented compost has height of 0.8-1.0 m, width of 1.4-2.0 m and the length of 8.0-12.0 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The degradable polymer is amino resin, acetal resin of polyvinyl alcohol or its copolymer, biodegradable polyester, unsaturated oil resin, natural substance modified resin, and/or natural polymer and its derivatives. The outer coating has sulfur film layer and/or organic material film layer with high permeability resistance. The organic material with high permeability resistance is PVC and its copolymer, polyvinyl acetate and its copolymer, polyacrylate and its copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, butyronitrile rubber, polyurethane, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, phenolic resin, alcohol acid resin, coumarone-indene resin, asphalt, rosin and its ester, and/or non-polar organic material. The thickness of organic material film layer with high permeability resistance is not greater than 20 mu m. The montmorillonite in amino resin-montmorillonite composite film layer is at not greater than 50 mass%. The amino resin-montmorillonite composite film layer is mixed with organic material with high permeability resistance. The total thickness of the outer coating is not less than 30 mu m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Phosphate is further injected to heavy metal contained in the organic sludge, and an ultraviolet ray is irradiated, during manufacturing process of oil decomposing microorganism material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the high frequency is selected to induce resonance in the water molecules. The method further comprises drawing effluent from the containment vessel into the separation device by means of negative pressure. Preferred Device: In the device above, the power supply supplies a high frequency that induces resonance in the water molecules. The containment vessel is a dielectric or non-metallic. Coil is a caduceus coil. The molecular separation device is gas separation filter that includes at least one of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) beads, a porous membrane and a molecular sieve. The device further comprises means for drawing effluent from the water in the containment vessel.
EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The ethanol liquid (75-99, preferably 85-99 wt.%) contains less than 1.5, preferably less than 1 wt.%. The viscosity of the fuel is 1.8-4, preferably 1.9-3.5 cSt at 40 degrees C. The viscosity increasing agent (higher than 0.05 wt.%) is soluble in ethanol liquid. It has molecular weight of 100-10000 and comprises polymeric moiety. The ignition improver is 1-10 wt.%. The fuel further comprises a lubrication agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline substance is alkaline earth metal compound. The non-dissolution component further contains alkali metal salt. The aluminum is sheet-like aluminum. The pH of aqueous solution is less than 13.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing biodiesel by using kitchen garbage, in (a), the solid impurities can be metal, bone, paper or plastic impurities; the metal impurities can be removed by a magnetic separation method; and the bone, paper and plastic impurities can be removed by a manual separation method. In (b), the volume ratio of the kitchen garbage and the water is 1:4-6. In (b), the weakly acidic pH value is 5.5-6.5. In (c), the yeast cells can be mixed suspension of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Trichosporon cutaneum; the viable count of the mixed suspension reaches 108-109 colony forming unit (cfu)/ml; and the inoculation quantity is 8-10% (v/v). Also, in (c), the yeast cells can be the mixed suspension of the R. toruloides and the T. cutaneum with viable count ratio of 1:1. Moreover, in (c), the fermentation process uses a method of controlling step by step; 0-48 hours fermentation is executed; the ventilation ratio of a fermentation tank is 0.4-0.6; the rotating speed of a blending paddle is 160-200 rotations/minute; after 48 hours fermentation is executed, the ventilation ratio of the fermentation tank is 0.2-0.3; and the rotating speed of the blending paddle is 100-140 rotations/minute. In (e), the pressure of the high-pressure homogenizer is 60-80 MPa. In (g), the volume ratio of the crushed cells and the extraction solvent is 1:2-3; the leaching temperature is 40-50 degrees C; leaching is executed twice to trice; and each leaching process is 1-2 hours, and the extraction solvent is normal hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the system, the compost pit (31) fitting with the digester (3) is further arranged therein, the compost pit (31) is an underground oblong socket (32), the socket is provided with fixing cover plates (34) having feed inlet (33) at intervals on the top, an active cover plate (35) is arranged between every two fixing cover plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The press aid is wood, straw, bagasse, pulp or cellulose. The allocation of unfermented citrus waste in the production of the biomass is 90-40%. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: centrifuging the ethanol whole stillage before the press aid or unfermented citrus waste is added; and drying the pressed biomass or mixed biomass to produce a dry biomass or dry mixed biomass, respectively. The pressing comprises the use of a mechanical press (25). The ethanol whole stillage is derived from citrus peel waste that has undergone saccharification and fermentation. The drying results in reduced emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to emissions resulting from the preparation of citrus pulp pellets. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in %): carbohydrate (57); fiber (10); protein (8); fat (5); ash (10); and water (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor is substantially spherical, oval or egg shaped. The apparatus further comprises: at least one draining opening in the surface of the reactor, where the draining opening is adapted to allow drainage of fluids from the reaction chamber; a base structure for supporting the reactor, where the base structure is adapted to allow rotation of the reactor along multiple axes; a shredding mechanism adapted to at least partially shred organic matter introduced into the reaction chamber; a sensor; and a display. The reactor includes a second sealable opening of different diameter from the first sealable opening. The base structure further comprises a wheel or ball bearing assembly adapted to facilitate rotation of the reactor along multiple axes. The shredding mechanism comprises: a sleeve passing through a surface of the chamber; at least one blade and a rotatable handle positioned outside the sleeve adapted to rotate the blade. The reactor is supported by the base structure and the base structure allows rotation of the reactor along multiple axes. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: rotating the reactor along multiple axes; drainage of fluids from the reaction chamber through at least one draining opening of the reaction chamber; at least partially shredding organic matter introduced into the reaction chamber with a shredding mechanism; and sensing and displaying a reaction chamber temperature or reaction chamber humidity. In the method the organic matter is introduced into the reaction chamber through a second sealable opening of different diameter from the first opening. The shredding comprises rotating at least one blade using a rotatable handle positioned outside the reaction chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The drying device is designed as a rotary dryer. The drying device contains at least one stirrer and at least one screw conveyor having a discharge screw, where the discharge screw can be operated in two different directions. A temperature control device is provided for controlling the temperature of a drying device on the exhaust pipe feedable exhaust gas stream, where the regulation of the exhaust gas temperature takes place by supplying an air stream to the exhaust gas. The inlet temperature of the exhaust gas stream in the drying device amounts to 150-200 degrees C, preferably 180-195 degrees C. The separation device contains a supply line for the dispersion and a drain pipe for the liquid phase. The supply line and/or the drain pipe are connected with the drying device. A control or regulating device is provided for controlling or regulating the supply of the solid fraction and/or the dispersion and/or of the liquid fraction to the drying device, where the supply is regulated on the basis of the heat energy content of the exhaust gas stream. At least one other drying device is provided for post drying the solid fraction, where the other drying device is designed as a rotary dryer. At least one heat exchanger is provided for transferring the residual heat of the exhaust gas stream to another air stream after flowing through the drying device. At least one filter device is provided for the exhaust gas stream and/or the further air stream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide comprises gamma -alumina and/or eta - alumina. The surface modifier comprises an organosilane, which is trichloromethylsilane, trichloroethylsilane, trichloropropylsilane, trichlorooctadecylsilane, dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane, isobutyltrichlorosilane, cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, allyltrichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, p-tolyltrichlorosilane, t-butyldiphenylchlorosilane, trifluoropropyltrichlorosilane, pentafluorophenyldimethylchlorosilane, perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, dichlorodimethylsilane and monochlorotrimethylsilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The swelling aid is water soluble bases, water soluble acids, and/or water soluble salts. It comprises cation from potassium, ammonium, sodium, barium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, lithium, zinc, or aluminum; and anion from chlorate, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, chloride, bromide, perchlorate, iodide, thiocyanate, hydrogen sulfate, hydroxide, bicarbonate, hydrogen sulfite, hydrogen carbonate, and aluminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The process comprises contacting the biomass particles with a swelling aid. Preferred Materials: The biomass material is cellulosic biomass material comprising wood, grass, straw, bagasse, corn husks, citrus peels, and/or algae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: (I) is added in the form of a culture in which (I) makes up at least 10-4% of the total number of microorganisms, especially a pure culture. (I) is added in immobilized form. At about the same time as (I) is added, additional biomass is added to the fermentation reactor. The reactor feed rate is continuously increased by continuous addition of biomass. Biogas production from biomass is carried out at a feed rate of at least 8 kg organic dry matter per m3 per day. Addition of substrate and addition of (I) are carried out continuously. (I) is added to the fermentation substrate in an amount such that (I) makes up 10-8% to 50% (especially 10-3% to 1%)of the total number of microorganisms in the substrate. Clostridium sartagoformum SBG1 and Paenibacillus macerans SBG2 are also added. (I) is clone 1099982248072. EXAMPLE - A plug-flow fermenter with a capacity of 150 L was used to produce biogass from maize silage with an organic dry matter (odm) content of 30-40%. Up to day 246, fermentation proceeded in a stable manner with a feed rate of 6-7 kg odm/m3.day. From day 246, Clostridium sporosphaeroides SBG3 cultures (5 x 1010 to 2 x 1011 cells in 30-200 mL) were added twice a week. The feed rate was continuously increased, reaching 9 kg odm/m3.day on day 360. The space-time yield increased from 4 NL/L to 6 NL/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic chemical is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2-methoxyfuran, 2-ethoxytetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran. In the method: at least two (I) are added; at least 0.5 wt.%, preferably 1-5 wt.% of (I) is added; (I) is added together with another denaturant; and the liquid to which (I) is added consists of ethanol (at least 75% (v/v)). In the ethanol-based liquid: the ethanol content is at least 75 (preferably at least 85) % (v/v); the specific denaturant is at 0.5-5 wt.%. The ethanol-based liquid comprises at least one other denaturants. The ethanol-based liquid is a vehicle fuel where the supplementary fuel portion is a liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel, except when the fuel consists exclusively of ethanol. EXAMPLE - To vehicle fuel E85 isobutanol (4000 mg/l) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (20000 mg/l) were added. The liquid was subjected to polar extraction and purified with activated carbon to give denatured vehicle fuel E85.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The support consists of a water-absorptive polyurethane resin having hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane resin as main component. A crosslinking agent which is a hydrophobic prepolymer is added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The metal oxide catalyst comprises alumina, hafnia, titania, and/or zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The temperature greater than 200, preferably 260-280 degrees C. The contact time is less than 5, preferably 2 minutes. The method further comprises contacting a solvent with the saccharide and the metal oxide catalyst. Preferred Materials: The saccharide comprises monosaccharide comprising glucose and/or fructose; disaccharide comprising sucrose; polysaccharide; and cellulose. The solvent comprises ketone comprising methyl isobutyl ketone. The hexose derivative comprises HMF. The alcohol comprises 1-30C alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol, and butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The modified photosynthetic microorganism is produced by modifying microorganism to have reduced level of expression of one or more genes of glycogen biosynthesis or storage pathway as compared to level of expression of one or more genes in wild-type photosynthetic microorganism and/or introducing into a photosynthetic microorganism one or more polynucleotides encoding one or more proteins of glycogen breakdown pathway or its functional fragment or variant. Preferred Genes: The genes are chosen from glucose-1-phosphate adenyltransferase (glgC), phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glycogen synthase (glgA), where one or more genes are completely or partially deleted. The polynucleotides are present in one or more expression vectors. Preferred Microorganism: The modified photosynthetic microorganism has reduced expression of one or more genes of glycogen biosynthesis or storage pathway. The modified photosynthetic microorganism comprises one or more introduced polynucleotides encoding one or more proteins of glycogen breakdown pathway or its functional fragment or variant, preferably one or more introduced polynucleotides encoding one or more enzymes associated with triglyceride or lipid biosynthesis and the polynucleotides are exogenous to the photosynthetic microorganism's native genome. Preferred Enzymes: The enzymes include diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phosphatidate phosphatase. SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - 3 Modified photosynthetic Cyanobacteria are specifically claimed i.e. salt tolerant variant of Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The temperature of the tempering surface is adjusted by indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer medium and/or by electrical equipment. The tempering surface is arranged in a pressure-resistant reactor (hydrate reactor (H)). The hydrate reactor is tubular heat exchanger or plate heat exchanger. The device further comprises a mixing device (M), in which a solution or dispersion or an aerosol is produced from water and a hydrate-forming gas. The device further comprises a device (S) for separating the hydrates formed from the water and hydrate-forming gas containing substance mixture at the tempering surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water and hydrate-forming gas containing substance mixture is produced under the addition of tetrahydrofuran and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The extent of pressure drop over a channel formed by one of the tempering surface is used to determine the time point to raise the temperature of the tempering surface to upper value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst further contains carrier and auxiliary agent. The carrier is chosen from non-oxidative porous inorganic oxide, molecular sieve, activated carbon, clay, phosphate, sulfate and metal halide. The auxiliary agent is chosen from elements of group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, IB, IIB, IVB, VIII and lanthanide elements or their oxides, preferably potassium, calcium, magnesium, gallium, tin, phosphorus, copper, zinc, zirconium, iron and/or lanthanum or their oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The recycled hydrogen mixture has a multiphase and a multicomponent mixture, which is carried with oil, water or the solid particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner side of the desulfurizing tower is provided with a cyclone separator. The high-pressure separator and the desulfurizing tower are in a left and right structure arrangement or the desulfurizing tower is mounted on the upper part of the gas-phase outlet of the high-pressure separator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desulfurizing tower uses at least one desulfurizing agent, which are N-methyldiethanolamine solution, monoethanolamine solution or diethanolamine solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filtering material is sandstone material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper end of the main body comprises five openings, and the five spaces in the inner cavity are opposite to the openings separately. The baffle in the first space is extended downwards from the top part of the inner cavity of the main body to the middle part of the inner cavity vertically. The flow guide hole is lower than the water inlet, and the water outlet is lower than the flow guide hole. The multiple flow guide holes are arrayed to multiple lines in a transverse manner. The filling material is bamboo splint ball.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The main body is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is chosen from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, nickel, iridium, molybdenum, iron and cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrogen ion conductivity polymer electrolyte is perfluoro sulfonic acid-type fluorine ion exchange resin. The electron beam curable resin is a mixture of electron beam hardening type oligomer and electron beam hardening type monomer or electron beam hardening type oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thioether compound is di(acrylic acid)-thioether, di(lauryl methacrylate)-thioether, or di(stearyl acrylate)-thioether. The biomass crude oil is from organic substances of kinds of green plant, comprising crop straw, residual waste after processing forest products, fast-growing tree, firewood forest, alga, and liquid substance, which is obtained by carrying out self-heating flash pyrolysis and has black color. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-butanol, or isobutanol. Preferred Composition: Based on the biomass crude oil, the adding amount of the thioether compound is 12000-20000 mg, preferably 500-1000 in every 1 kg of biomass crude oil. Preferred Process: Improving oxidation stability of biomass crude oil comprises dissolving thioether compound to alcohol while stirring at 20-80 degrees C, forming solution containing 15-60% of thioether compound; adding the solution to the biomass crude oil; and stirring for 10-80 minutes at 20-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid fuel composition is obtained by mixing 30-50 parts weight of wood pellets and 70-50 parts weight of anthracite coal powder, or 95-80 parts weight of coconut charcoal powder and 5-20 parts weight of saw dust.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alcohol is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The mashed wheat straw is treated with microzyme and diastatic enzyme during fermentation process, to obtain ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The food waste substance is heated and sterilized for 30 minutes, and the floating oil is removed after allowing the processed substance to stand for 6 hours. The raw material contains (in weight%) animal-vegetable fat (80), carbinol or ethanol (18), fatty acid-methanoic acid activator (1.5) and sodium hydroxide (0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The feed hydrate is tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, acetone, difluoromethane, isobutane, isobutylene, n-butane, propane, liquefied petroleum gas, methyl cyclohexane, methyl cyclopentane, neohexane, methyl-t-butyl ether, adamantine, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide, tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride or tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride. The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, diisooctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, xylene sulfonate, sodium oleate, 4-n-decylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laurate, 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, 4-n-octylbenzene sulfonate, ethoxylated sulfonate, decylbenzene sulfonate, potassium oleate, n-decylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecylamine, tetradecyl trimethylammonium chloride, dodecyl polysaccharide glycoside, cyclodextrin, glycolipid, lipoprotein-lipopeptide, phospholipid, para-toluene sulfonic acid, trisiloxane or Triton X-100 (RTM: nonionic surfactant). The gas is methane, ethane, propane and/or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adsorption element consists of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber and/or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer comprises metal hydrides, carbon nanotubes and zeolites. The hydrogen precursor comprises metal hydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism has been transformed with a nucleotide sequence encoding a xylose isomerase. The xylose isomerase is an exogenous xylose isomerase. The xylose isomerase is an exogenous xylose isomerase derived from a Lactococcus species. The microorganism has been transformed with a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 13, 14, or 18-20, or its variant, homolog or derivative. The microorganism has been transformed with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 10, 12, 17, 27 or 28, or its variant, homolog or derivative. The microorganism is transformed yeast, where the yeast is a transformed Saccharomyces. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. Preferred Medium: The culture medium comprises a source of xylose. The culture medium comprises material derived from lignocellulosic material. Preparation (claimed): Preparing a transformed microorganism above comprises transforming a microorganism such that the transformed microorganism is capable of (a) a higher xylose isomerase activity than the microorganism prior to transformation, and/or (b) a higher growth rate in or on a growth medium comprising xylose than the microorganism prior to transformation, and/or (c) a faster metabolism of xylose than the microorganism prior to transformation, and/or (d) a higher production of ethanol when grown anaerobically on xylose as the carbon source than the microorganism prior to transformation. The nucleotide sequence encoding a xylose isomerase is in an expression vector encoding same. Preferred Method: The method for producing a biofuel further comprises obtaining the biofuel from the culture medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon desulfurizing agent further contains phosphorus oxide. The porous inorganic oxide is silica. The solution or suspension liquid contains silica and/or its precursor as the porous inorganic oxide and/or its precursor. Preferred Process: The coprecipitate is further supported with phosphorus compound. Preferred Condition: The hydrocarbon desulfurizing agent and kerosene are contacted at 0-400 degrees C, pressure of 0.1-1.1 MPa and liquid space velocity of 0.01-100/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The organic material-containing water is extract of organic wastewater or organic waste. The suspended solid content of organic material-containing water is 50 mg/L or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The carbonaceous material is coal; coke; char; tar; bio-oil; municipal solid waste; synthetic polymers; rubber; hydrocarbons; and/or carbon monoxide. It contains less than 20 wt.% oxygen. Preferred Methods: The mechanical treatment is milling, grinding, kneading, and/or comminuting. A catalyst is added prior to or during the mechanical treatment. The solid particulate biomass material is subjected to 30-300 degrees C prior to and/or during the mechanical treatment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material is nitride, carbide or silicon carbide, titanium nitride or titanium carbide. The coating consists of plastic, diamond like carbon, diamond or silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The waste salt separated by evaporation with salting out treatment is conveyed to water-cooling helix bell and hopper, and is added to a combustion chamber of kiln burning device after crushing in batches. The kiln burning device is mounted with a water-cooling system for controlling the burning temperature. The waste salt is burned by smoke/heat of ignition and combustion machine of kiln burning device; and is automatically dried, stirred, and turned over by a rotating furnace of kiln burning device to remove the organic materials in the waste salt and obtain industrial salt i.e. sodium chloride (NaCl). The kiln exhaust of kiln burning device is provided with a secondary cooling wind for cooling NaCl; and finally NaCl is conveyed to a recycling bin by a water-cooling helix conveyor. The waste gas produced by burning the waste salt enters a secondary combustion chamber for secondary burning at 850-1100 degrees C to completely destroy the organic component. The smoke produced by secondary combustion enters a high temperature cyclone collector to collect the NaCl particle; and then the smoke enters a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature to less than 250 degrees C. The hot water produced by heat exchange is recycled for utilization. The fine NaCl particles in the temperature-reduced smoke are collected by a cloth dust collector; and finally the smoke that reaches the discharging requirement for dust is discharged.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: When methane collected from biochemical treatment is insufficient to provide energy for burning treatment of waste salt, methyl ether is used for complement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The seed provided is grass seed. The composition conforms to the organic standards as set forth by: the United States department of agriculture national organic standard; and the association of American plant food control officials. The composition is maintained in dry form and is configured to be combined with water on-site for hydro seeding a surface area.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is a waste product of cattle. The composition is formed into pellets for ease of handling and storage. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises a mixture of water-insoluble solid(s) and the solid substrate. The water-insoluble solid comprises an oxide or a mixture of oxides. It further comprises barium oxide The water-insoluble solid comprises an apatite, optionally which apatite is natural or synthetic, or optionally where the apatite is in the form of an oxide or a hydroxyapatite. The solid substrate comprises aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and/or niobium oxide. The catalyst comprises a mixture comprising barium oxide and gamma -aluminum. The apatite is natural mineral apatite with an enriched phosphorus level, optionally accomplished by using the traditional treatment for phosphoric acid production. The apatite is a mixture of oxides comprising phosphorus, barium, calcium, iron, manganese and aluminum, optionally the mixture of oxides may contain phosphorus (4.1%), barium (10%), calcium (6.1%), iron (9%), manganese (1.3%), and aluminum (11%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction products of the reduction process comprise silicon, oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass material is wastewater sludge, sewerage sludge, chicken litter, bonemeal, spent mushroom compost, wood, and plant residues including rape seed, hemp seed, corn or sugar cane residues. The biomass material and/or binder mixture includes water. The moisture content of the biomass material is up to 20-25 wt%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is partly, wholly or substantially sodium silicate or potassium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The rotary drum is perforated for the flow of air, where the perforations are covered by a protective mesh to prevent pellets from being displaced or lost from the drum whilst allowing the ambient air to pass through the drum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out contemporaneously. The drying step is performed for less than 1 hour, preferably less than 30 minutes, using a rotary drum. The process includes the addition of a particulate carbon-based material, preferably coal fines or dust. In the process: a majority of the dry solids content of the biomass material is of a size of 1 mm or less; the dry solids content of the biomass material includes at least 40% of such material being of a sub-micron size; the biomass material and binder are at least partly mixed with agitation; the binder is sprayed onto the biomass material; the biomass material is moving prior to and/or during mixture with the binder; and the mixing of the biomass material and binder occurs by the tumbling in a rotary drum. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The apparatus further comprises cooler for cooling the evaporated gas, and gas-liquid separator. The condensate is supplied by the still. The non-condensed gas separated in the gas-liquid separator is introduced into absorption tower, where the non-condensed gas is contacted with water, and ethanol in gas is transferred to the water. The ethanol-containing water obtained by the absorption tower is supplied by the still. The valve is released when the temperature of the fermented liquid is 32 degrees C or more or the ethanol concentration of the fermented liquid is 6% or more. A heater is provided in front of the vacuum evaporator, and the fermented liquid is heated to a temperature based on the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve of ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The evaporated gas is cooled, and gas-liquid separation of the condensate and non-condensed gas containing condensed ethanol is performed. The condensate is distilled, and ethanol is collected. The non-condensed gas is contacted with water, ethanol in the non-condensed gas is transferred to the water, the obtained ethanol-containing water is distilled, and ethanol is collected. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The raw material oil is plant oil, wood fruit oil, microalgae oil, water plant oil, animal fat or waste cooking oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium-containing industrial waste residue is industrial waste residue from magnesium metallurgy. The acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorus acid or hydrochloric acid. The alkali or alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or ammonia water. The additive is aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide or silicon dioxide. The liquid solvent is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid solvent is alcohol or ketone compound. The alkali or alkaline solution is sodium methoxide solution,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In extracting xenon-krypton from liquid oxygen, a reboiler and a condenser are arranged at the tower bottom of the primary rectifying tower; where the nitrogen is introduced into the rectifying tower system; it is input into the reboiler at the tower bottom of the primary rectifying tower after temperature-decreasing with a main heat exchanger to serve as heat source; the nitrogen is cooled to liquid nitrogen; the liquid nitrogen is introduced to the condensers at the tower top of the primary rectifying tower and the two-grade rectifying tower to serve as cold source; the condensers of the three-grade rectifying tower, four-grade rectifying tower, five-grade rectifying tower, and six-grade rectifying tower use the mixed gas of low temperature nitrogen and normal temperature nitrogen; the nitrogen discharged by the condensers at the top of the rectifying towers are collected and returns back to the main heat-exchanger for refrigeration-recycling and reutilization; and the rectifying towers, low temperature pipelines for connecting the rectifying tower, and valves are all be covered by a cold box filled with insulating material. Preferred Components: The insulating materials comprise ultra-thin glass wool or expanded perlite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The liquid storage chamber comprises a ring-shaped liquid cooler, a liquid storage chamber fluid level gage, a sampling hole and a sewage drain outlet. An automatic control meter is arranged outside the tower body and the filling layer and the liquid storage chamber are separately provided with temperature sensors. The automatic control meter is connected with the temperature sensor by a data transmission line.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode catalyst is an alloy of platinum and ruthenium, mixture of elementary platinum and elementary ruthenium, or mixture of elementary platinum, platinum-ruthenium alloy, and ruthenium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is sulfuric acid and formic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton-conductive ion-exchange resin contains perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The steam methane reforming is carried out at 75-110 psia above the refinery fuel header pressure. The reacted stream is formed by contacting the hydrogen, the hydrocarbons, and the sulfur compounds with a catalyst capable of promoting both hydrogenation and partial oxidation reactions. The carbon monoxide and steam contained in the reformed stream is reacted in a high temperature water-gas shift reactor and a low temperature water-gas shift reactor in flow communication with the high temperature water-gas shift reactor. The hydrocarbon containing stream is heated through indirect heat exchange with a partly shifted stream discharged from the high temperature water-gas shift reactor to the low temperature water-gas shift reactor. A reformed product stream is discharged from the steam methane reformer; and the reformed product stream is introduced into a secondary reformer with oxygen and the methane content of the reformed product stream is converted to yet additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the secondary reformer, thus producing the reformed stream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The filler in the biological filling filter layer is large grit particle, ceramisite, pebble, hydrophilicity textile fiber ball filler, and/or soft filler made from hydrophilicity textile fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The filler can be made of polypropylene small ball.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The basophilic microorganism flora is selected from Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Halomonas, Bacillus subtilis, Planococcus maritimus, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans or Pseudomonas reactans.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt is composed of ammonium sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate or calcium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The content of the enzyme in the citric acid buffer solution is 6-90 FPU/g of biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation culture medium comprises corn core (10-50 g), sodium nitrate (10-30 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-10 g), magnesium sulfate (0.1-2 g), calcium chloride (0.1-2 g), Mandels trace elements liquor (1-2 ml), Tween-80 (RTM: Non-ionic surfactant) (2-10 g) and tap water (1000 ml). The pH of the fermentation culture medium is 3-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The pre-treated lignocellulose is a corn straw, which is a steam exploded and the concentration of the pre-treated lignocellulose in the reaction system is 20-200 g/l, the content of cellulose is 7-70 g/l and the content of hemicellulose is 5-50 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid particulate solid base catalyst comprises silica, alumina (preferred), layered hydroxy oxide, hydrotalcite, a hydrotalcite-like material, an anionic clay, a cationic clay, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal carbonate and/or a basic zeolite. The alumina comprises an alkali metal and/or an earth alkaline metal. The particulate solid base catalyst functions as a heat carrier material. The particulate solid base catalyst comprises spherical particles. The spherical particles have a mean particle size of 20-2000 (preferably 30-800) mu m. The alkaline material comprises an alkali metal or an earth alkaline metal. The alkaline material comprises sodium and/or potassium. The alkaline material comprises sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and/or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The process comprises heating the solid particulate biomass in a reactor of cyclone reactors, stationary fluidized bed reactors, circulating fluidized bed reactors and/or ablative reactors. The cyclone reactor is provided with a filter for separating vapors and solids. The solid particulate biomass is pretreated with an alkaline material prior to the step of heating the solid particulate biomass material in the presence of the particulate solid base catalyst. The pretreatment comprises: subjecting the solid particulate biomass to impregnation with a solution containing the alkaline material; and subjecting the solid particulate biomass to mechanical treatment in the presence of the alkaline material. The mechanical treatment comprises milling, grinding and/or kneading. Preferred Components: The filter is a rotating filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: separating the potassium nitrate and the potassium phosphate from the second effluent; and applying the second effluent as a fertilizer. The ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and/or other nitrogen and/or phosphorus salts are added to the composition to alter the ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or potassium to a desired value. Preferred Components: The spent sorbent is a metal oxide adsorbent, an ion-exchange adsorbent or a hybrid adsorbent. The phosphorus comprises a phosphate. The phosphorus comprises at least one of an orthophosphate anion, a polyphosphate anion, an acid of an orthophosphate anion, and an acid of a polyphosphate anion. The second effluent includes potassium, nitrate, and phosphate ions. The medium comprises many beads. The concentration of potassium hydroxide is 0.1-10%, and the concentration of nitric acid is 1-70%. The second effluent is adjusted to a desired ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium. The second effluent is adjusted to increase the concentration of at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are yeasts and/or bacteria, preferably hetero-fermentative microorganism or a homo-fermentative organism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Process: The food silage is added to at least two microorganisms of bacteria and yeasts. Preferred Components: The food silage contains equal amounts of the microorganism of bacteria and yeasts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic substance with larger inner surface is: silicates, especially aluminum silicates (preferred), kieselguhr, zeolites and/or bentonite. The aluminum silicate is acid-treated granular aluminum silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The sludge is municipal sewage sludge or river sludge. The organic garbage is organic element in the garbage from urban and rural or livestock manure containing less than 80% moisture. The component regulators are straw or livestock manure with moisture of less than 20%. The nutrition regulator is biological oil or chemical fertilizer produced during carbonizing process, with volume concentration of 0.5-20%. The pH regulator comprises monopotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate or lime, with concentration determined by controlling pH of the solution at 6-8. Preferred Processes: The method comprises feeding straw, weathered coal, coal gangue or inferior fuel into a high-temperature gasifying furnace for gasification, conveying combustible gas with thermal value of 7000-15000 KJ/m3 into multiple-stage balanced combustion chamber for burning, and using residual carbon after gasifying as raw material of soil modifier or building material. The method further comprises mixing sludge containing 35-80 wt.% moisture with organic garbage and conveying mixture into low-temperature desiccation cracking furnace; mixing carbonized substance with component regulators on weight ratio of 100:0-50:50 and conveying mixture into moderate-temperature carbonizing furnace; heating discharge end wall of low-temperature desiccation cracking furnace at 460-600 degrees C, and making substance rolling-contact with wall surface for 5-10 minutes to obtain carbonized substance and discharging out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The method further involves using complexing agent consisting of paraffin, calcium hydroxide dihydrate, hexamethylene tetramine, and carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is zeolite Y, USY zeolite, REY zeolite, REUSY zeolite or ZSM-5. Rare earth element is also used with the zeolite. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material includes carbon, graphite, steel, stainless steel, nickel, platinum or dimensionally stable anode. The cathode material includes polymeric conductors and (non)-oxides including iron, chromium, nickel or molybdenum, stainless steel and/or steel alloy including 304L, 316L and 254 SMO (RTM: Austenitic stainless steel).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weak acid is orthophosphoric acid, hydrogenphosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, lactic acid and/or gluconic acid. The organic compound is an including acetic acid or acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: (e) washing the biomass with a solvent solution; (f) washing and drying the biomass produced after step (e) with water, where readily saccharifiable carbohydrate-enriched biomass is produced; repeating steps (e) and (f) at least one time; evaporating off the solvent under vacuum of the filtered and washed biomass; saccharifying the biomass without drying by contacting the biomass with enzyme consortium after washing with water in step (f), where fermentable sugars are produced; and fermenting the sugars to produce a target product. In the method, the heated suspension of step (c) is cooled to room temperature before filtering in step (d). Preferred Components: The nucleophile is sodium hydroxide, at least one alkylamine, sulfide, hydrosulfide, polysulfide, hydropolysulfide and/or thiol reagent. The alkylamine is of formula (R-NH2), (R2-NH), (R3N), (H2N-R-NH2), (H2N-R(NH2)2), (HO-R-NH2), ((HO)2-R-NH2), (HO-R-(NH2)2), (HS-R-NH2), ((HS)2-R-NH2), (HS-R-(NH2)2) and/or (H2N-R(OH)(SH)). The alkylamine is methylamine. The solvent solution to biomass in step (b) has a weight ratio of 10:1-0.5:1. The target product is ethanol, butanol or 1,3-propanediol. The substantially lignin-free biomass is 60-100% original weight of the biomass. The organic solvent solution further comprises: at least one component of alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides or carbonates, ammonia, thiols, sulfides, hydrosulfides, polysulfides and/or hydropolysulfides; and a solvent including alcohol, diol or aprotic solvent, preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, their isomers, or their diols. The solvent solution and any ammonia or other unreacted components are recyclable.R = monovalent, divalent or trivalent 1-6C alkane, alkene or alkyne, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; andR2, R3 = not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing species is hydrogen peroxide and/or peroxy acids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biodiesel fuel is B100, or a mixture of biodiesel and conventional petroleum diesel. The unsaturated ester molecules are monounsaturated ester species and/or polyunsaturated ester species. They are species of formula R3-CH=CH-R2-C(=O)-O-R1. The oxidizing species is organic peroxides. The epoxy-ester-containing biodiesel fuel comprises a heterogeneous mixture of epoxy-ester species formed by the oxidation of a heterogeneous mixture of unsaturated ester molecules. The functionalized ester species is present at greater than or equal to 0.1 wt.%. Preferred Structure: The unsaturated ester molecules are species of formula R3-CH=CH-R2-C(=O)-O-R1. The functionalized ester species is of formula (I).R1=1-3C alkyl moieties;R2, R3=1-10C alkyl moieties and/or 1-10C alkenyl moieties;R4=2-20C alkyl moieties and/or 2-20C alkenyl moieties;R5=H, OH, or 2-20C ester-forming carboxylate functional moieties.Preferred Method: The step of reacting the epoxy-ester species comprises a reacting substep of epoxide ring opening to form a dihydroxy ester. The epoxide ring opening involves an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The method further comprises a reacting substep of esterifying the dihydroxy ester species with an esterification species from carboxylic acids, acyl halides, and/or acyl anhydrides. The step of reacting the epoxy-ester species comprises a direct esterification of the epoxy-ester species.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The biological residue processed in the anaerobic digester is agricultural waste, municipal solid waste, sewage or algae biomass residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic digester is a salt dome cavern, where the anaerobic digester operates with an amount of oxygen less than the amount of oxygen present in ambient air.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the water absorbs the carbon dioxide, and the amount of oxygen is less than 5%, preferably less than 1%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The filling ratio of ionic enzymatic packing in SBR reactor is 0.3-0.6. The active mud comes from residual mud of sewage disposal plant. The concentration of active mud is 3000-8000 mg/L. The time for biological alga-removal is 4-8 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combined packing used as carrier to which the microorganism is attached adopts combined semi-soft fibrous filler, porous spherical sponge packing, or porous spherical suspended semi-soft fibrous filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Plant: The plant further comprises an esterification unit adapted to react the biofuel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin; line adapted for supplying the glycerin to the pentose conversion unit; hexose depolymerization unit adapted for removing hexose from the remainder to form a reduced remainder; and a hexose conversion unit adapted for converting hexose to a biofuel material. The pentose conversion unit uses a microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of depolymerizing pentose from the lignocellulosic feedstock involves acidic process, basic process, enzymatic process and/or solvent process. The step of converting the pentose to biofuel material involves microorganism process; algae process, bacterial process, fungal process and/or free enzyme process. The process further involves consuming the remainder to produce energy. The remainder comprises cellulose or lignin. The process further involves deopolymerizing hexose from the remainder; and converting the hexose to a biofuel material. The process further involves reacting the biodiesel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin. The process further involves converting the glycerin to additional biodiesel material. Preferred Reactants: The biofuel material comprises biogasoline material or biodiesel material (preferably polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters, triglycerides and/or alkanes). The alcohol-based material comprises ethanol or methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Reactants: The lignocellulosic feedstock comprises bagasse, rice straw, corn stover, miscanthus, switchgrass, wheat straw, wood, wood waste, paper, paper waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste, sugarcane, energy cane, corn, maize, sorghum, sweet sorghum and/or sugar beet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme used for solubilization decomposition liquid is protease, lipase, cutinase, cellulase and esterase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The incompatible neutralizing agent is calcium carbonate or chitosan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biodegradable resin is polylactic acid. The decomposition promotion agent is polyoxalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The acidic solution is sulfuric acid aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The alloy fine powder is synthesized by heating a solution in which platinum salt and iron salt are dispersed, and refluxing in anhydrous polyol, or by heating a solution obtained by dispersing platinum salt, iron salt, and carbon powder in polyol, refluxing, and supporting alloy fine powder by carbon powder. By heat-processing, the alloy fine powder is transferred to face-centered tetragonal structure from face-centered cubic structure. Preferred Property: The alloy fine powder has an average particle diameter of 2-4 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polyol is ethylene glycol. The platinum salt is platinum (II) bisacetylacetonate. The iron salt is iron (III) trisacetylacetonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The wax is paraffin wax. The urethane resin is a resin obtained by hardening aromatic polyisocyanate, castor oil or castor oil derived polyol with an amine compound. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Components (in g): granular urea (1000) with particle size of 2.5-4 mm was coated on rolling drum and maintained at 65 degrees C. Polyol component containing high water absorbing resin (3.5) and castor oil (37.5), and paraffin wax (23) were coated on granular urea, and then isocyanate group terminal prepolymer containing castor oil was sprayed for 1 hour, rolled for 30 minutes at 65 degrees C and the film was formed on granular urea. The granular urea was cooled to 30 degrees C to obtain coated granular fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antibacterial; Immunostimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (wt.%) medical stone (15-50, preferably 20-45); phosphorus slag (28-40, preferably 30-40); nitrogen fertilizer (17-25, preferably 20-25); phosphorus fertilizer (2-12, preferably 3-10); and potassium fertilizer (3-8, preferably 2-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphorus slag is rich in lanthanide, silicon, calcium and magnesium. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea. The phosphorus fertilizer comprises double superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate, or monoammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, or potassium chloride. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer is prepared by crushing raw materials into fine powder, passing through 100-120-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing, granulating, and packaging. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - The annular filler is made of stainless silk net or plastic silk net.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agent preferably comprises 6-12 wt.% of glue with respect to Japanese apricot vinegar liquid. The Japanese apricot vinegar liquid contains citric acid. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of active component (A) to component (B) is between 0.1:73 and 73:0.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The cosolvent is n-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or N-methylpyrrolidone, preferably n-butyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, or N-methylpyrrolidone. The conducting agent is anionic surfactant and is chosen from sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The solvent is polyalkylnaphthalene, such as first grade oil, second grade oil, heavy aromatics, plant oil comprising oil of turpentine, cottonseed oil, and/or corn oil, preferably second grade oil, or 10C or more arene. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the start of combustion by oxygen of the organic waste is performed by igniting carbide and acetylene gas emitted by reaction of water. The method also comprises maintaining size of the combustion nucleus, while measuring the temperature of combustion nucleus using a temperature sensor. When a combustion nucleus contracts, the gas introduction pipe part is moved to a periphery part from container center part, it passes into the container from the gas introduction pipe, and a combustion nucleus is expanded by burning. When a combustion nucleus is expanded, the airflow amount from the gas introduction pipe is decreased, and the combustion reaction by oxygen is reduced. The pressure in the container is measured, the container is sucked, and the inside of the container is maintained in a pressure reduction state. Preferred Apparatus: In the apparatus above, the gas introduction pipe is installed so that a movement of center part and the periphery part of the container is possible. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound nanoparticles have Brauner-Emmett-Teller surface area of 50 m2/g or more. Preferred Process: The nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound nanoparticles are obtained from nickel aluminum alloy ingot by vacuum arc-plasma vapor deposition method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The woody plant is chosen from grandis seed of Eucalyptus genus, Globulus seed, nitens seed, Camaldulensis seed, Deglupta seed, Viminalis seed, Euro filler seed and Dunnii seed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfite or hydrogensulfite is sodium salt. The pH adjuster is chosen from alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. Preferred Parameters: The temperature of immersion treatment is less than or equal to 130 degrees C. The immersion treatment time is 10-120 (preferably 5-60) minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The predetermined interval is 5-15 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation step involves adding bio-solution containing microorganisms, preferably Bacillus pumilus or Pichia membranaefaciens to suppress odor in compost raw material. The bio-solution further comprises at least one of B.coagulans, B.stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas fibrolysis and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water content of the kitchen waste is 50-80 wt.%. The fat is 5-10% of solid matter in the kitchen waste. The protein is 10-25% of solid matter in the kitchen waste. The carbohydrate is 3-10% of solid matter in the kitchen waste. Preferred Conditions: Pyrolysis is carried out in the environment of protective atmosphere; where the protective atmosphere is reduction atmosphere or inert atmosphere obtained by introducing carrier gas into the reactor. Pyrolysis is carried out at 230-600 degrees C for 1-70 minutes. Preferred Components: The carrier gas used by the reduction atmosphere is reduction gas, which is hydrogen or carbon monoxide; and the carrier gas used by the inert atmosphere is inert gas or nitrogen gas. Preferred Process: In the process, the catalyst is added in the pyrolysis; where the weight ratio of the catalyst to the solid matter of kitchen waste is 0-20:100, preferably 1-15:100; and the catalyst is carbonate; where the carbonate is potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorbent ethanolamine solution is 15-20 wt.% of ethanolamine aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the green carbon block comprises (wt.%) straw (65), hard impure wood sawdust (12), wheat straw (5), cone of a pine tree (3), fruit spur (8), waste wood (4), and mixture of pine needle, cypress leaves and bean leaves (5); where the pine needle, the cypress leaves, and the bean leaves are separately 1/3 of the mixture. Preferred Components: In the green carbon block, any one of the raw materials of wheat straw or corn cob can be used for replacing the wheat straw; and the branches can be used for replacing waste wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The special addition agent is alkali comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and power coal. Preferred Process: In the production process, drying comprises: (a) drying the surface of the solid reactant after sterilizing, deodorizing, and heat-gaining treatment by pelleting; and (b) carrying out natural drying to the semi-finished product with dried surface to make the moisture content be less than 10% and obtain scentless sludge synthetic fuel. Pelleting is forming solid particle with different shapes and sizes by banded extruding. Preferred Conditions: The temperature for surface-drying is 40-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In manufacturing bio-diesel by recovered waste oil, in the presence of acidic catalysts, the recovered waste oil reacted with methanol, where the ratio of waste oil to acidic catalysts to methanol is 100:0.5 to 3.5:15 to 35 according to the weight percentage. In the presence of acidic catalysts, the recovered waste oil reacted with methanol, where the reaction temperature ranges from 65 to 90 degrees C, and they have esterification reaction for 7 to 10 hours. In the presence of acidic catalysts, the recovered waste oil reacted with methanol, where the liquid is stewed or centrifuged after the completion of the reaction, and the upper layer of the liquid is the bio-diesel prepared (containing little methanol) while the lower layer is glycerin and excess methanol. In the presence of acidic catalysts, the recovered waste oil reacted with methanol, where the upper liquid is distilled out residual little methanol at 65 to 85 degrees C, and the rest thereof is the crude product of bio-diesel. In the presence of acidic catalysts, the recovered waste oil reacted with methanol, where the crude product of bio-diesel is added with saturated sodium chloride containing 10 to 20% of soda ash to form washed crude ester which is added to industrial soda ash for heating and distilling, and the component with gas phase temperature of 250 to 350 degrees C is collected, namely the refined bio-diesel-fatty acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing alkane derivative, the amount of the alkane derivative is 0.1 to 50% of the mass of soybean oil. The amount of the co-solvent alkane derivative is 1.0% to 10%. The alkane derivative is dichloroethane. The reaction temperature is 45 degrees C, the mol ratio of alcohol to oil is 4.5:1, and the time for reacting is 1.5 hours in the preparation method. The catalyst is triethylamine, diethylamine, ammonium chloride, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The digestion treatment is carried out at mild temperature of 30-40 degrees C. The solid content of organic solid waste is 40-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In preparing biodiesel from corn cob immobilized lipase, the oil is any one of drainage oil, cornus wilsoniana oil, castor oil, tung oil, soybean oil, rape seed oil, corn oil, peanut oil or the source oil of other animal and plant. The low-carbon alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The low-carbon alcohol is equivalently added in 2-5 batches and at intervals according to the added total amount. The organic solvent is any one of normal hexane, tertiary butanol, cyclohexane and petroleum ether. The corn cob immobilized lipase is any one or combination of several kinds of Pichia pastoris, Geotrichum candidum, blue mold and Aspergillus niger. The concentration of each lipase is uniformly distributed in ratios according to the total concentration of the lipase when the combination is composed of several different lipases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing gas atmosphere comprises carbon monoxide. The catalytic material is an acidic material or a basic material. The catalytic material is a zeolite, preferably ZSM-5. The catalytic material is: alkali metal oxides and hydroxides; alkali metal carbonates; earth alkaline metal oxides and hydroxides; earth alkaline metal carbonates; layered mixed hydroxides; cationic layered materials; and/or hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite-like materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (ii) is carried out prior to step (iii) or vice versa. The step (iii) is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing gas atmosphere. The torrefaction temperature of step (III) is 200-300 (preferably 220-260) degrees C. The composite of biomass material and catalytic material is formed by: impregnating (I) with a solution of catalytic material in a suitable solvent (an aqueous liquid); or subjecting the solid biomass to mechanical action in the presence of a particulate catalytic material. The mechanical action comprises milling, grinding, extruding and/or kneading. In step (iii), (I) is subjected to the torrefaction temperature for 10 minutes to 12 hours (preferably 15 minutes to 3 hours). The fluidizable particles are converted in the fluidized bed reactor at a conversion temperature of 300-450 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The solid particulate biomass material is preferably mixed with the hot particulate heat carrier material. The process further involves contacting the solid particulate biomass material with a solid particulate catalyst, before or during the contact process of biomass material with hot particulate heat carrier material, and retrieving a mixture of solid reaction by-products and solid particulate catalyst from the reaction mixture, separating the solid particulate catalyst from the solid reaction by-product, collecting gaseous reaction products comprising condensable gases and non-condensable gases (151), converting the condensable gases to a liquid in a condenser, combusting at least a portion of the non-condensable gases, and separating flue gas comprising carbon monoxide from the heat carrier material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of methane, carbon dioxide and water in mixed reforming reaction is 1:0.3-0.6:1-2. The conversion rate of carbon dioxide is more than 40%. The conversion rate of methane is 90% or more. The carbon monoxide conversion ratio has efficiency of more than 35%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The methane fermentation process involves using calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The method alternately involves hydrolyzing rhodophyta extract, removing impurities from extract, neutralizing pH of extract, inoculating distillers yeast (LL) to the extract, performing alcohol fermentation, distilling alcohol fermentation liquid and collecting ethanol, and performing methane fermentation of distillery waste water (OO) after collecting ethanol using methane-fermenting fungi.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of thiourea is 1-10 w/w% and concentration of anthraquinone is 0.1-1 w/w%. The bioalcohol material contains furfural or hydroxymethyl furfural. A low molecular material generated through pyrolysis (EE) of extracted gel is processed using an enzyme which is agarase. The method further involves performing hydrogen peroxide treatment and chlorine dioxide treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The residue comprises cellulose or lignin. The biodiesel material comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters, triglycerides and/or alkanes. The hexose comprises glucose, sucrose or fructose. The pentose comprises xylose. The alcohol-based material comprises ethanol or methanol. The feedstock comprises sugarcane, energy cane, corn, maize, Sorghum, Sweet Sorghum and/or sugar beet. The lignocellulosic material comprises bagasse, rice straw, corn stover, miscanthus, switchgrass, wheat straw, wood, wood waste, paper, paper waste, agricultural waste and/or municipal waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The refrigerant stream comprises nitrogen, methane, ethane and propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The low-melting-point hydrophilic metal hydroxide(s) and compound(s) (X) are reacted and dehydrated at temperature less than melting point of metal hydroxide to obtain complex oxide of catalyst. Preferred Components: The metallic element is iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, manganese, tungsten, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, tin and/or bismuth, and easily forms oxide. The hydrophilic metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and/or hydrated metal hydroxide. The compound (X) is chosen from calcium hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, titanium oxide, ion oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, calcium oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, aluminum oxide and barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: A metal container used in manufacturing process of catalyst has a water inlet port, a hydrogen discharge port and a metallic-element supply component. The low-melting-point hydrophilic hydroxide is accommodated in the metal container. The metal container comprises stainless plate. The metallic-element supply component comprises iron, titanium or stainless steel material in plate shape, granular form or aggregate form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The lignocellulosic material comprises wood, wood pulp, papermaking sludge, paper pulp waste streams, particle board, grasses, rice hulls, bagasse, cotton, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, corn stover, distillers grains, leaves, wheat straw, coconut hair, algae, switchgrass, Miscanthus, legume plants, sorghum, and/or biomass crops. The medium has dissolved constituents comprising growth factors, minerals, surfactants, and/or chelating agents. The C. phytofermentans comprises 20 ABC-type transport proteins. The medium comprises a high concentration of 5C sugars. It comprises pretreated or hydrolyzed biomass. Preferred Methods: Conditions include maintaining the medium at less than 45 degrees C, at pH below 9.5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activation pressure is 50-75 (preferably 60-65) atm. The activation temperature is 250-325 degrees C (preferably 275-300 degrees C). The activated catalyst comprises cobalt, molybdenum, sulfur and potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1-4C-alcohol includes ethanol and methanol. The carbon-atom selectivity ratio of ethanol to methanol is at least 1, at least 1.1 or at least 1.2. Preferred Method: The method further comprises converting syngas to at least one 1-4C alcohol over the activated catalyst. The activating and converting are conducted in the same vessel. The activation temperature and pressure are same as a temperature and pressure employed in the converting step. The activation temperature and pressure are lower than a temperature and pressure employed in the converting step. The activation pressure is at least 10 (preferably 20) atm lower than a pressure employed in the converting step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the fermentation is a co-fermentation of isomaltulose with at least one other sugar. Preferred Cell: The Saccharomyces is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Saccharomyces is a baker's yeast. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Ethanol Red (RTM: dry alcohol yeast). Preferred Components: The plant material is sugar cane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and/or sweet corn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sugar is chosen from fructose, glucose, sucrose, threhalulose (preferably sucrose). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process either comprises or does not comprise the optional production of the carbon monoxide stream D from the optional synthesis gas stream X4. The hydrogen recovered is used as a fraction of the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen stream A and/or as a fraction of the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen rich synthesis gas stream B. The single synthesis gas stream X has a synthesis gas molar ratio calculated as hydrogen/carbon monoxide of 1.6-2.5. In the process, stoichiometric number molar ratio, (hydrogen-carbon dioxide):(carbon monoxide +carbon dioxide), of the hydrogen rich synthesis gas stream B is greater than 1.6 or less than 3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The three surfactin molecules are with a relative ratio with respect to the fatty acid chain lengths 13C:14C:15C in the range 15-29%:9-23%:54-69%, preferably 22%:16%:62%. The composition comprises at least fengycin A and fengycin B molecules having fatty acid chains with length of 14-18C atoms. The fengycin A molecule has a fatty acid chain with length of 17C atoms and in the range of 15-35 wt.%, preferably 25 wt.%, on the total weight of the composition fengycin molecules. The fengycin B molecule has a fatty acid chain with length of 17C atoms, and in the range 45-65 wt.%, preferably 55 wt.%, on the total weight of the composition fengycin molecules. The surfactin molecules are in the range of 70-84 wt.%, preferably 77 wt.%, and the fengycin molecules are in the range of 16-30 wt.%, preferably 23 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the biosurfactant composition. The biosurfactant composition is in combination with at least one biocide chosen from antibiotics, antibacterials, germicides and inorganic compounds, preferably antibiotics. The antibiotic is chosen from ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfmethoxazole. The biosurfactant composition is in the concentration of 1-50 mu g/ml, preferably 1-20 mu g/ml or 1-5 mu g/ml, preferably 1-4 mu g/ml. The biocide is in the concentration of 1-40 mu g/ml, preferably 1-8 mu g/ml. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The biosurfactant composition in combination with biocide are administered topically, intradermally and/or intramucosally (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method involves supplying polymer flocculent in thickening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The main materials comprise some wastes e.g. the waste bacteria sticks or residues obtained by growing edible fungus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supplementary materials comprise powder straw (corn straw, wheat straw, bean straw and cotton straw), branched powder, withered grass powder, chip, cottonseed hull, shell powder, peanut shell, coconut shell, coal powder, coke dust and/or adhesive. Preferred Method: The step of mixing comprises mixing the main materials and the supplementary materials, after crushing, in the ratio of 7:3, and then pre-wetting the mixed material by stirring well with a stirrer while spraying clean water. The step of pressing and forming comprises transferring the wet materials into a forming machine to press top the shapes required e.g. rod, block, strip and circle, where the pressure of the machine is regulated to 200-300 ton to produce carbons with different densities. The step of drying comprises reducing the water content of biomass fuel to 8% or below, and the biomass fuel can be burned directly. The material dried can be transferred to a carbonizing furnace to carbonize, where the temperature of the carbonizing furnace is controlled at 420-500 degrees C, the time for roasting under an enclosed condition is 10-14 hour, then the product is taken out when it is cooled to normal temperature, thus obtaining the biomass carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The other parts of tubular spiral propeller stretching out microwave heating chamber are made of stainless steel and aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The tubular spiral propeller composed of feeding hole, polyfluortetraethylene outer tube lined with polycarbonate, polyfluortetraethylene stirring propeller covered by polycarbonate, shaft seal, connecting shaft flange, drive, stirring propeller bearing, bearing sealing flange and discharging port and covered by polycarbonate is made from polyfluortetraethylene, engineering ceramics, toughened glass, heat-resistant engineering plastics, aircraft radar shield material, glass fiber reinforced plastic or fire-proof material by cementing or sintering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The sewage is processed under the following conditions of concentration of phototrophic bacteria of 1000-15000 mg/L, DO concentration of 0.3-1.8 mg/L, temperature of 18-32 degrees C and luminous intensity of 1000-4500 lux. The filtering film in the film separator is micro filtering film or ultra filtering film. The sewage is processed in the phototrophic bacteria organism reactor for 10-50 hours. The film passing pressure difference of the phototrophic bacteria organism reactor is 0.03-0.28 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Resin-inorganic composite material comprises 0.1-60 wt.% of nanoparticles. Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoparticle is layered silicate, such as natural montmorillonite, sodium-montmorillonite, calcium-montmorillonite, lithium- montmorillonite, acidic montmorillonite, artificial montmorillonite, rectorite, talc powder or their mixture, or organic derivatives of layered silicate. The initiator is potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, cerium ammonium nitrate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide/sodium thiosulfate, azodiisobutyronitrile or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer matrix is starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives or acrylamide. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Aluminum chloride is added into an injector with caliber of 2-6 mm and mixed with the stirred suspension. The mixed liquid is stirred in the stirring tank at a speed of 100-800 rpm for 5-30 minutes. Preferred Strain: The strain is fusarium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pre-fermentation of the compost is carried out by piling at the outside of the chamber which comprises pre-humidifying fodder, dairy manure and cotton seed hulls by spraying; mixing gesso, ordinary superphosphate, urea and lime with microbial fermenting agent on the next day, where 1-1.2 kg of the microbial fermenting agent is added to every 1000 kg compost; uniformly agitating; and covering the film to ferment for 3 days at controlled temperature of 20-30 degrees C, humidity level of 80-90%, and pH of 8-9. The secondary fermentation comprises naturally heating for 6-9 hours; carrying out pasteurization via fermenting heat; starting the centrifugal fan and the fan to work for 2-3 hours in the morning and evening every day; alternatively venting to cool the compost; controlling the temperature of the fermenting chamber at 65-75 degrees C; adjusting the humidify level to 7-75 percent by the humidifying machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred method: The amylase is thermostable amylase or combination of alpha -amylase and glucoamylase. The treatment process is carried out at 70-100 degrees C, preferably 40-70 degrees C. The fermentation process is carried out using Zymomonas bacteria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The depolymerization of lignocellulosic material comprises acidic process, basic process, enzymatic process and/or solvent process. The conversion of pentose to biodiesel material comprises microorganism process. The conversion of pentose to biodiesel material comprises algae process, bacterial process, fungal process and/or free enzyme process. The removal of hexose from feedstock comprises crushing, milling or diffusion. The conversion of hexose to butanol comprises butanol fermentation. The process further comprises consuming residue to produce energy by burning residue in fired heater or boiler unit; and generating steam. The process further comprises reacting biodiesel material with alcohol-based material i.e. ethanol or methanol, or butanol derived from conversion of hexose, to form biodiesel product and glycerin; and optionally converting glycerin to additional biodiesel material. Preferred Composition: The mass (in kiloton) ratio of biodiesel to butanol is greater than or equal to 0.2:1.0. Preferred Components: The feedstock comprises sugarcane, energy cane, corn, maize, sorghum, sweet sorghum and/or sugar beet. The lignocellulosic material comprises bagasse, rice straw, corn stover, Miscanthus, switchgrass, wheat straw, wood, wood waste, paper, paper waste, agricultural waste and/or municipal waste. The residue comprises cellulose or lignin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel material comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters, triglycerides and/or alkanes. The hexose comprises glucose, sucrose or fructose; and the pentose comprises xylose. The butanol comprises 1-butanol, 2-butanol or iso-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The processing syngas step comprises removal of hydrogen sulfide, alkali compounds, ash, and water; and water gas shift reaction. The central fuel production facility is a biorefinery or refinery. The small, distributed gasifiers are mobile units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additional reactant is metal or catalyst. The liquid reactant comprises sodium borate. The reaction chamber comprises catalyst, platinum or ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel comprises methanol and sodium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermenting is carried out under conditions and for a time sufficient to produce a fuel. Preferred Components: The second microbe comprises yeast, and a bacterium different than Clostridium phytofermentans. EXAMPLE - Clostridium phytoferrmentans was grown in culture tubes in GS-2 cellulose medium at an initial pH of 7.5 under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 30 degrees C and worked up to give ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compact material comprises 75-99 wt.% of magnesium hydride and 25-1 wt.% of expanded natural graphite. The metal hydride is magnesium hydride and/or its alloy. The metal alloy includes magnesium-based alloy, zinc based alloy, tin based alloy, indium-based alloy, lead based alloy, strontium based alloy, bismuth based alloy, antimony based alloy, aluminum based alloy, silicon based alloy and a calcium-based alloy. The magnesium-based alloy is magnesium-zinc alloy, magnesium-tin alloy and magnesium-bismuth alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microorganisms are isolated from soil sample. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heat energy obtained in the process for producing hydrocarbon by dehydrating methanol is applied to the processing for reforming methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The void ratio of the calcareous tufa is 50-75% and the specific surface area is 70-120 m2/m3. The particle size of the calcareous tufa is 10-30 mm. The calcareous tufa is loaded in a reticular hollow ball with diameter of 100 mm. The particle size of the calcareous tufa is reduced gradually from lower layer to upper layer when the calcareous tufa is used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Contents: The polyvinyl alcohol is used as stabilizing agent at concentration of 1-3% of total weight of reagent. The polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as stabilizing agent at concentration of 0.7-6.4% of total weight of reagent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil comprising fatty acid alkyl esters derived from plant or animal materials consists of methyl or ethyl esters, preferably methyl esters. The greater than or equal to 5 wt.% fatty acid alkyl esters derived from 16-22C saturated fatty acids comprises methyl palmitate and/or methyl stearate. Preferred Method: The imidazoline compound is made by reacting fatty acid or methyl ester of fatty acid with polyalkylene polyamine. The fatty acid(s) is co-reacted with oil and compound(s) having greater than or equal to 3 nitrogen atoms, or is added to oil. The method further comprises adding ethylene polymer to oil. Preferred Composition: The portion of oil which is reacted with compound having greater than or equal to 3 nitrogen atoms is 0.05-10 wt.%. The fatty acid(s) comprises mixture of fatty acids obtained from plant or animal material, preferably mixture having in excess of 50 wt.% 18C unsaturated fatty acids. The polyalkylene polyamine has greater than or equal to 5 nitrogen atoms. EXAMPLE - A rape-seed oil methyl ester (RME) having saturate content of 6.2 wt.% was reacted with tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) in amount of 0.125 wt.%. The reaction was carried out at 140 degrees C for 4 hours under blanket of nitrogen gas. The pour point of untreated RME was - 12 degrees C. After reaction with TEPA, the pour point was reduced to - 42 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Photobioreactor: The half-transmitting film floats on a sea to culture isolated marine microalgae. The culturing bags are connected using a rope such that the culturing bag is freely turned over by the waves or the seawater. The depth of water in which the culturing bags are placed is regulated using the rope. The photobioreactor further has a gas supplying pipe connected to the lower portion of the culturing bag. The culturing bag is formed into different shapes including cone shape and flexible tube shape. The exhaust gas (carbon dioxide) and the organic waste substance used as nitrogen source in the photobioreactor are efficiently accommodated inside the culturing bag, where the carbon dioxide and the waste organic substance do not contaminate the sea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particulate catalytic material comprises hydrotalcite or hydrotalcite-like material, alkali or alkaline-earth metal, preferably sodium and/or potassium, sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate. Preferred Process: The agglomeration process is carried out using binder chosen from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, clay, calcium oxide and/or iron oxide. The method further involves depositing char on heat carrier material comprising ash material (B) and separating ash material (B) from char. The ash material (B) is separated from char by burning at least portion of the char in a regenerator, forming gaseous combustion products comprising ash material (B) and separating at least portion of ash material (B) from the gaseous combustion material. The ash material (B) is separated from char using third stage separator (TSS) and fourth stage separator. The ash is recycled by dissolving ash in suitable solvent and impregnating particulate biomass material with the obtained ash solution or agglomerating ash to fluidizable particles and mixing the fluidizable particles with particulate heat carrier material or agglomerating ash to particles having Anderson attrition index of 30 or less, preferably 15 or less and incorporating the resultant particles into particulate biomass material by milling, grinding, kneading and/or extruding. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diffusion prevention layers is thin film with electroconductivity which consists of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, tantalum nitride, tantalum carbide, and/or chromium nitride. The porous support body is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the high-efficiency marsh gas tank, the dreg liquid outlet of the primary reaction tank is arranged on the bottom surface of the primary reaction tank and the dreg liquid outlet is equipped with a valve capable of being opened; an overturning handle of the valve stretches out of the tank wall. The dreg outlet (16) is connected with a waste dreg tank (14) through the pipeline and the pipeline is provided with a valve (15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Bacterium: The extreme halophilic bacterium is Pseudomonas with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 3082 or Bacillus with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 3083. Preferred Composition: The ratio of strain with preservation numbers of CGMCC No. 3081, CGMCC No. 3082, and CGMCC No. 3083 is 3:3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The pyrolyzing step involves co-pyrolysis of the non-triglyceride fraction with a secondary biomass. A portion of the monoesters are steam-reformed with the triglycerides to yield bio-derived H2. The bio-derived H2 is stripped of carbon monoxide (CO) prior to introducing into the hydroprocessing reactor. The hydroprocessing utilizes a catalyst consisting of cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum, and/or noble metals. Preferred Component: Some of the bio-derived H2, as syngas, is used to make products via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The hydrocarbon products of the first and second types are biofuels, biolubricants, and/or biologically-derived petrochemicals comprising esters, organic acids, alcohols, alkenes and/or alkanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The borohydride compound is at least one alkali metal borohydride (preferably sodium borohydride and/or potassium borohydride). The base is sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide and/or sodium or potassium methoxide. Preferred Composition: The solid composition comprises (wt.%): at least one base (5-25, preferably 6-22), at least one borohydride compound (70-85), and at least one transition metal salt (2-15, preferably 4-14); or at least one base (8-30) and at least one borohydride compound (70-92). The liquid contains at least one transition metal salt ( not greater than 2, preferably not greater than 0.5) wt.%. The solid composition contains the at least one transition metal salt from groups 8, 9 and 10 ( not greater than 0.5 wt.%); the liquid contains acid (less than 1 wt.%); and the liquid contains the at least one transition metal salt at a level of 5-15 wt.%. EXAMPLE - A solid fuel composition comprising (%): sodium borohydride (80), sodium hydroxide (14) and cobalt chloride (6) was prepared in powder and/or pellet form. Pellets were produced in caplet form under a pressure of 10000 psi. The liquid activator (water) was added at ambient temperature (20-25 degrees C). The liquid activator was pumped via a syringe pump into a graduated cylinder capped with a gas outlet and septum with an 18-gauge needle. The outlet was connected to either a wet test meter or a water displacement apparatus connected to a balance. The foam volume was observed at 1 minute intervals. The maximum foam volume reading and the sum of foam volume readings were evaluated and the results were found to be 28 ml and 960 in pellet form respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: During or after separation of the ionic liquid phase from the aqueous phase, production of the butanol product in the fermentation broth continues. The process is conducted in the fermentor or in a vessel external to the fermentor. After separation of the aqueous phase from the ionic liquid phase, the aqueous phase or its portion is returned to the fermentor. After butanol recovery, the ionic liquid is recycled to the fermentation broth. An ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, tetradecyl(tri-n-hexyl)phosphonium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 3-methyl-1-propylpyridinium, or 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium. An ionic liquid is 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, tetradecyl(tri-n-hexyl)phosphonium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate, 3-methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate, or 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The process further comprises admixing the recovered butanol with a motor fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: During or after separation of the ionic liquid phase from the aqueous phase, production of the ethanol product in the fermentation broth continues. The process is conducted in the fermentor or in a vessel external to the fermentor. After separation of the aqueous phase from the ionic liquid phase, the aqueous phase or its portion is returned to the fermentor. After ethanol recovery, the ionic liquid is recycled to the fermentation broth. An ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(methylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one, 1-(N,N,N-dimethylpropylaminoethyl)-5-methyl pyrrolidone-2-one, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one, or 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(ethylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one. An ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium levulinate, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(ethylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one hexafluoropropanesulfonate, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(ethylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methyl pyrrolidone-2-one bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(methylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methyl pyrrolidone-2-one hexafluoropropanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium levulinate, 1-(N,N,N-dimethylpropylaminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(methylethoxy)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, or 1-(N,N,N-dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl)-5-methylpyrrolidone-2-one bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide. The process further comprises admixing the recovered ethanol with a motor fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The facultative anaerobic microbial materials are powdery, solid or liquid material including mixture of at least two facultative anaerobic microorganisms chosen from lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, filamentous bacteria and Actinomyces.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises a step of decoloration before the fermentation step. The step (c) includes: filtration for clearance of a medium; ultra filtration; reverse osmosis; decoloration; sterile filtration; and cooling. The step (d) of fermentation is followed by a step of distillation/dehydration. The step of distillation/dehydration is performed using a membrane by pervaporation. The process comprises: grinding the recycled cotton textile; pretreatment of the cotton textiles crushed by defibration in a twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 60-180 degrees C and in water (200-450% of the mass of a primary material); enzymatic hydrolysis of enzymatic cocktail composed of cellulose and beta -glucosidase; filtration for clearance of the medium; ultrafiltration for recycling hydrolyzed enzymes; reverse osmosis for concentrating the permeate; decoloration; sterile filtration; cooling; fermentation in a fermenter at 30-37 degrees C for 7-24 hours, at pH of 3.8-5, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; microfiltration to recycle the yeast; and distillation/dehydration. EXAMPLE - Recycled cotton textile (having a diameter of 4-6 mm) was crushed. The crushed cotton textile was pretreated by defibration in a twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 60-180 degrees C and in water (200-450 mass% of a primary material). Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using an enzyme cocktail comprising cellulases and beta -glucosidase (0.1 g enzyme/g of cellulose) in a tank maintained at a temperature of 50-60 degrees C at a pH of 4-5.5 for at least 24 hours. The hydrolyzed enzymes were filtered using ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and sterile filtration. The filtered product was cooled and fermented in a fermenter at 30-37 degrees C for 7-24 hours, at pH of 3.8-5, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented product was microfiltered to recycle the yeast and distilled/dehydrated to obtain ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (wt.%) R-1243zf (5-85, preferably 5-70), second component (1-40), and third component (1-90, preferably 10-90). It preferably comprises (wt.%) R-134a (1-70, preferably 40-70), R-32 (1-10, preferably 1-15), R-1243yf (5-95, preferably 10-40), and R-1243zf (5-95, preferably 5-40). Preferred Component: The second component is R-32, and the third component is R-134a and/or R-125. The composition further comprises lubricant, stabilizer, and flame retardant. The stabilizer is diene-based compounds, phosphates, and/or phenol compounds and epoxides. The additional flame retardant is tri-(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, (chloropropyl)phosphate, tri-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, tri-(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate, diammonium phosphate, halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated iodocarbon, fluorinated bromocarbon, trifluoro iodomethane, perfluoroalkyl amines, and/or bromofluoroalkyl amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lubricant is mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, polyvinyl ethers, and/or poly( alpha -olefins). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The PVA is present at 10-25 (preferably 15-20) wt.%, and glycerol is present at 1-10 (preferably 1-5) wt.%. The PVA has a saponification degree of 50-95%. Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises one or more additives consisting of antibiotics, fungicides, pesticides, fertilizers or antiparasitics. The thickness of the coating is 20-40 mu m. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of (I) is via spraying or immersion (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - Polyvinyl alcohol (10 wt.%) was added in water with addition of glycerol (10 wt.%) to give a polyvinyl alcohol granulate with molecular weight of 12000-14000. The granulate was dissolved gently in boiling tap water after 5-10 minutes of gentle stirring to obtain a sol. The resultant sol was allowed to cool to room temperature for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The seed cake is soybean seed cake, peanut seed cake, cotton seed cake or rape seed cake. The crushing gain diameter of seed cake is not greater than 20 meshes. The pore diameter of punching is 3-5 cm. The pore is as deep as the bottom of stock pile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial fermentation inoculum is ectomycorrhizal (EM) composite microbial inoculum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises only one fatty alcohol and only one cationic and/or cationizable surfactant. The composition (C1) comprises propane-butane mixture as propellant. The composition comprises at least one fatty acid alkyl ester of formula R7C(O)OR8, and/or at least one silicone oil and/or at least one natural oil, and/or at least one mineral oil. The composition comprises at least one additional surfactant selected from non-ionic and amphoteric ones, preferably non-ionic surfactant. The composition comprises at least one organic solvent. The composition comprises pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and/or its salts and/or its esters. The composition comprises at least one UV filter and/or at least one ubichinone of formula (I).R7=7-23C alkyl;R8=1-24C (preferably 1-12C, especially 1-8C, particularly 1-4C) alkyl;n=1-10.Preferred Components: The cationic and/or cationizable surfactant is selected from compound of formula R1-N+(R2)(R3)-R4 X- or R1-N(R2)(R3). The fatty alcohol is behenyl alcohol and cationic surfactant is behentrimonium chloride.R1=8-24C alkyl, R5CONH(CH2)n' or R6COO(CH2)n';R5=7-23C alkyl chain;n'=1-4;R2-R4=H or 1-4C lower alkyl chain, which is optionally mono- or di-substituted with hydroxyl groups;andX=anion such as Cl, Br, methosulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises at least one polyol. EXAMPLE - A conditioning composition comprising (wt.%): behenyl alcohol (3), behentrimonium chloride (1), isopropyl myristate (1), benzophenone-3 (0.2), glycerin (3), citric acid (balanced to pH 4), preservative/fragrance (balanced), water (balanced to 94%), and propane/butane 4.2 Bar (6) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sewage treatment comprises filtering a wastewater using a regulation water-collection tank consist of a water pump and a screen, transporting the filtered residue to a waste collection tank, feeding dry wastes to the waste collection tank, processing to obtain biological compost, forming biological compost into granular fertilizer, transporting treated wastewater to a hydrolysis acidifying tank, feeding treated wastewater to an anaerobic digestion tank to form biogas and sludge paths, feeding the sludge to a sedimentation tank, feeding the settled sludge to an aerobic/anaerobic pond and a sludge tank, feeding the sludge processed in the aerobic/anaerobic pond to an artificial wetland and an aquatic plant pond, using the processed sludge to irrigate farm lands, processing the sludge in sludge sedimentation tank, transporting partial sludge to a sludge tank, using settled residue and the sludge processed in the sludge tank to form agricultural products of good quality, passing biogas to a steam-water separator, a desulfurizing tower, a wet type air storage cabinet and a dry flame arrestor, and using the biogas for biogas power generation. The solid waste treatment technique comprises mixing dry waste, solid-liquid separated residue and mud into raw material of compost; mixing the sawdust and the crushed straw to form a compost dressing; mixing the raw material of compost and the compost dressing; adding biological germs for fermentation; stirring in an aerobic condition; screening; and packaging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mixed yeast solution comprises B. licheniformis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, P. larvae, B. subtilis, B. natto, B. pumilus and B. stearothermophilus at volume ratio of 0.8-1.2:1-1.2:0.8-1:1-1.4:0.8-1.2:0.6-0.8:1-1.4. The mixed yeast solution is added at 1-5 wt.%. The enzymatic composition comprises amylase, diastatic enzyme, beta -glucanase, neutral protease, cellulase, pectase, lipase and phytase, and is added at 0.01-0.04 wt.%. Preferred Method: Staged heating is performed for 10-12 hours. The temperature of materials is kept at 50-55 degrees C during the first 5-7 hours, and the temperature of materials is kept at 65-75 degrees C during the later 3-5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives comprise wheat bran, rice bran, bean pulp, saw dust, or cottonseed; and are added at 5-30 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The raw material is propiconazole, flusilazole or difenoconazole. The dispersant is polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, PEG 600, PEG 1200, PEG 1788 or PEG 1799. The surfactant is styrenated phenol polyoxyethylene ether, dibenzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin, phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, organic phosphate and/or sulfosuccinate monoester. The ratio of styrenated phenol polyoxyethylene ether, organic phosphate and sulfosuccinate monoester is 1:0.6-2.5:0.5-1.0. The ratio of organic phosphate, dibenzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, and styrenated phenol polyoxyethylene ether is 2-4: 1: 1.5-4. The ratio of dibenzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin, phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sulfosuccinate monoester is 1:0.6-2.0: 0.6-1.0. The styrenated phenol polyoxyethylene ether is mixed pesticide emulsifier 1602, pesticide emulsifier 1601 and/or pesticide emulsifier 603. The carrier is sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate and/or sodium benzene monosulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film-spreading oil comprises (wt.%): emulsifying agent (10-16), cosolvent (2-8), stabilizing agent (1-8), potentiating agent (0.1-5), antifreeze agent (0.1-8), and surface diffusion agent (0.1-20). Preferred Components: The emulsifying agent is sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, triethanolamine salt, alkylphenol ethoxylates formaldehyde condensate, phenol ethoxylates and/or tetraalkylammonium salt. The stabilizing agent is sorbitol, tolyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether and/or phenyl glycidyl ether. The antifreeze agent is glycol, propanediol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol and/or sorbitol. The cosolvent is ethanol, methanol, isoamylol, phenol, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl formamide. The potentiating agent is butoxide, sulfoxyl, formaldehyde, castor oil and/or piperonyl butoxide. The surface diffusion agent is 3-ethyl-hexyl phosphoric acid, lauryl sodium sulfate, methyl amyl alcohol, cellulose derivative, and/or guar gum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsifying agent is styrene polyoxyethylene ammonium sulfate and/or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. The stabilizing agent is polyethylene glycol ether. The surface diffusion agent is polyacrylamide and/or polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Water is distilled water, tap water, or well water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or preferably 95% ethanol. The cinnamon oil is obtained from cinnamon peel as raw material, which is distilled and extracted with vapor and diethyl ether, respectively, or lixiviated with 95% ethanol, and separated by normal column chromatography. Preferred Method: The preparation of botanical plants protecting agent is carried out at room temperature or 25-35 degrees C under water bath condition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant is Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) or pesticide emulsifier 600. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali for neutralizing the raw mother liquor in (a) comprises sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, ammonia water, ammonium carbonate, or ammonium bicarbonate, and aqueous solution or the solid with concentration of 0-50%. The alkaline substance in (d) is liquid alkali or sheet alkali. Preferably, the alkaline substance is ammonia gas, ammonia water, or isopropyl amine. Preferred Composition: The concentration of hydrochloric acid in (b) is 1-36.5%. The concentration of the glyphosate aqueous agent in (d) is 20%; where the glyphosate aqueous agent is added with glyphosate raw powder to prepare 30% of glyphosate aqueous agent. Preferred Conditions: The pH value of the glyphosate at the equivalence point in (d) is 0.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Clostridium genus bacteria is Pennisetum purpureum as main component and perform saccharification process and chemical processing by immersing in sodium hydroxide solution with concentration of 00.1-10 wt.% and heats at 25-100 degrees C. Preferred Process: The saccharification process includes using extract of Clostridium genus bacteria culture solution which contains saccharogenic amylase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The temperature in the thermal decomposition zone in method (M1)/(M2) is 2300-2600 degrees F. In the method (M1), a light hydrocarbon gas containing acid gas is passed to an amine scrubbing process to produce an inlet acid gas stream to the Claus plant and a light hydrocarbon gas inlet stream to the light hydrocarbon gas decomposition zone. The liquid sulfur is produced in a Claus plant. In method (M1), a portion of the stream containing sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide is passed to the Claus plant. In method (M1), a sour gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide is charged to the Claus plant, where the Claus plant produces a product sulfur stream and the liquid sulfur required to produce the liquid sulfur and carbon particles suspension. In method (M3), the hydrogen stream is contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst and passed to an amine scrubbing process to remove hydrogen sulfide from the hydrogen stream and produce a second acid gas stream. In method (M3), a portion of the sulfur dioxide is optionally separated from the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide stream and passed to the Claus process. In method (M3), the heat from the combustion of the sulfur and particulate carbon suspension is transferred to the light hydrocarbon gas decomposition zone and heat from a Claus process combustion zone is transferred to the light hydrocarbon gas decomposition zone. In method (M3), the second acid gas stream is charged to the Claus plant. In method (M3), a second light hydrocarbon gas stream is charged to the light hydrocarbon gas decomposition zone. Preferred Components: The acid gas stream comprises hydrogen sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light hydrocarbon gas contains 1-3C per molecule. The light hydrocarbon gas is a natural gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus faecalis alcaligenes CCTCC No: M 208168 is inoculated into a fermenting culture medium at a temperature of 20-40 degrees C for 24-96 hours. The obtained fermenting solution is separated by culturing to obtain cell containing enzyme. The fermenting culture medium contains 7.99 g per l of yeast extract.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermenting culture medium contains 5 g per l of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 g per l of sodium chloride and 0.2 g per l of magnesium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermenting culture medium contains 3.29 g per l of n-butyronitrile and 12.14 g per l of ammonium acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compound (I) is gallic acid octanamide, gallic acid nonanamide, gallic acid decanamide, gallic acid lauramide, gallic acid myristamide, gallic acid hexadecanamide, gallic acid octadecanamide, gallic acid oleylamide, gallic acid-N-coconut oil-propionamide, gallic acid-N-tallow-propionamide, gallic acid-N-hydrotallow-propionamide and/or gallic acid-N-oleyl-propionamide. The compound (II) is 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid octanamide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid nonanamide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid decanamide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid lauramide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid myristamide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid hexadecanamide, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid octadecanamide, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid oleylamide, 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid-N-coconut oil-propionamide, 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid-N-tallow-propionamide, 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid lauramide, 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid-N-hydrotallow-propionamide, 5,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid lauramide, 5,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid hexadecanamide, 5,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexylic acid lauramide and 6,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptylic acid octadecanamide. Preferred Composition: The content of phenol amide compound is 10-20000 mg/kg, preferably 50-5000 mg/kg, more preferably 400-2000 mg/kg. The biodiesel-containing fuel comprises petro-diesel, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis diesel, hydro-cracking diesel and oxygen-containing diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The feed material is adapted to form liquid slag at greater than or equal to 1500 degrees C. The composition of the liquid slag comprises at least 20 (preferably 25) wt.% of ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or manganese oxide. Preferred Components: The additive comprises Fe3O4, Fe2O3, FeAl2O4, MgO, MgAl2O4, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnAl2O4, and/or MnCr2O4. The additive comprises a powder or a slurry. The refractory material comprises a chromia-alumina sintered brick, a chromia-alumina-phosphate sintered brick, a chromia-zirconia sintered brick, or a chromia-magnesia sintered brick. Preferred Structure: The protective layer comprises a spinel layer. The spinel layer comprises Fe3O4, MgAl2O4, MgCr2O4 or FeCr2O4; or FeAl2O4 or MgAl2O4. Preferred Process: The additive is added to the input stream as a powder or a slurry. The hydrocarbon and the additive are added to the input stream simultaneously or the additive is added to the input stream continuously during the operation of the gasifier or the additive is added to the input stream intermittently during the operation of the gasifier. The gasifier is operated at a temperature of at least 1500 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base comprises 1-10 wt.% of sodium bicarbonate and/or dolomite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The object comprises a cubic unit with a side dimension of 2-6 cm. The BTU source of the fuel consists of 60-80 wt.% of corn stover and 20-40 wt.% of wood fiber where the fuel source is substantially free of coal as a heat source and the fuel provides at least 7000 BTU-lb-1 (3500 cal.-gm-1). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Lagoons: In the BLAAT, the mixing chamber is provided with a bed anaerobic biological active. The mixing chamber has a depth of between 4 and 6 m. The transition zone comprises semipermeable barriers which are capable of changing the flow direction of the incoming liquid without introducing unwanted turbulence. The semipermeable barriers provide a means of support for the attached growth biomass. The collection of biogas structure is a modular or flexible compartment which is in design and construction. The settling zone has a depth of between 1.0 and 1.5 m. Preferred Method: In treating wastewater, in step (a) the residual water flow is vertical mixing produced by the kinetic energy fluid to put in close contact wastewater and biomass. In step (a) the volumetric organic load is between 0.8 and 1.5 kg DBO5 m3/day. In step (b) the inflow of wastewater in a vertical direction is gradually changed the horizontal flow direction. In step (b) makes an interception of flocculent biomass which is returned to the area Mixing in (a). In step (c) the horizontal flow rate of wastewater is located at a value close 1.0x10-2 m/s. Step (c) provides a laminar flow throughout the process which contributes to a high efficiency of the operation of sedimentation. The removal of organic matter in the liquid phase is between 65% and 75% measured such as DBO5. It eliminates between 70% and 80% of suspended solid material present in the incoming wastewater far east as total suspended solids (TSS). The methane gas recovery process output is around 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of nickel and molybdenum in the superficial coating is 4-10. The molybdenum oxide particles are obtained by carrying out thermal decomposition of a precursor salt. The precursor salt is ammonium molybdate. The galvanic bath is Watts bath containing nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid. The cathode substrate is made of nickel or copper. Preferred Property: The amorphous molybdenum oxide component has particle size of 10-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises defibrating the first material in the extruder at a temperature of 60-180 degrees C, in the presence of water (200-4520 mass% of the first material) and in presence of strong acid or strong base at a concentration of 0.5-4 wt.% of volume of water. The temperature of the process is 90-120 degrees C, preferably 100-110 degrees C. The lignocellulosic first material is defibrillated in a twin screw extruder. The process comprises mixing the lignocellulosic first material with water (200 mass%), and with a strong acid or strong base (5 vol.% relative to the volume of water), introducing the mixture in an extruder at a temperature of 105 degrees C, adding water (0-200 mass%) in extruder sheath during the extrusion phase. Preferred Components: The concentration of strong acid or strong base relative to the volume of water is 0.5-1.5%. The quantity of water is 300-400 mass% of the first material. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The residue-R1 is subjected to fat splitting by the addition of water under high pressure to obtain 16C-FFA and 18C-FFA and a residue-R2 and the obtained 16C-FFA and/or 18C-FFA is supplied to the first and/or second fraction of the fractionation in (i). The palm fatty acid distillate is subjected to a pretreatment before the fractionation step. The pretreatment is carried out by degassing and/or deacidification of the palm fatty acid distillate. In the process: during the fat splitting and/or during the pretreatment, the obtained free fatty acids with less than 16 carbon atoms are separated; a partial stream of 16C-FFA is separated from the fractionation step; and sulfuric acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid or strong acid ion exchange resins are used as catalyst. The fractionation is carried out in a vacuum fractionation. The 16C-FAME and 18C-FAME are subjected to a cross-current washing and a water separation before the blend production. The residue-R1 or -R2 is subjected to a separation of tocopherols, carotenoids and/or phytosterols. The suitable blend is produced as a biodiesel. Preferred Components: The blend contains 10-20%, preferably 1-12% of 16C-FAME, relative to the content of 18C-FAME. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The leaves are the purified road leaves. The leaves and shrub cutting mixture comprises at least 5 wt.% of leaves. The pellets have a cylindrical shape. The leaf pellet is unpurified road leaves. The leaf litter is present in pre-pressed form. Preferred Method: Before the drying step, (a) crushing of the leaf pellet is carried out. The separation of the leaf components in (c) is carried out in a device, in which compressed air is blown over a hurdle or an opening, where the heavy components collects before the hurdle or in the opening and the lighter leaf components are transported over the hurdle or opening and still lighter folia are caught in the exhausted air in the flash chamber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fermentation drier further comprises a water recycling system located on the downstream of the waste gas treatment system. The water recycling system comprises two groups of heat exchangers, in one group of heat exchangers, there is circulated water to pass the heat absorption cavity and there is waste gas processed by the waste gas treatment system to pass the heat dissipation cavity; and in the other group of heat exchangers, there is air to pass the heat absorption cavity and there is circulated water which absorbs the heat and the water which absorbs the water by the first group of vacuum superconductive tube heat exchangers to pass the heat dissipation cavity, and the heated air is delivered to the superconductive heater. The fermentation barrel is a stainless steel barrel and is enwrapped with heat insulation cotton. The waste gas further comprises dust and the fermentation drier further comprises a dust removal filter for eliminating the dust of the waste gas. The dust removal filter is located on the downstream of the fermentation system and the upstream of the heat recycling system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The predetermined interval is one hour to a day long. The predetermined interval is constant and/or variable. The predetermined number of intervals is a number from 3-10, where the total time of the predetermined number of intervals amounts to less than 5 days. The factor is a value between 2.5 and 15. The output unit is coupled to an input unit for the process control in such a way that the process control of the biogas plant is controllable. Preferred Method: The recording of the determined factor is carried out in an output device, which optionally comprises an optical and acoustic signal unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A starter culture is added to the first solid hydrolysis. The solid-liquid separation is carried out by centrifugation, trommel screens or decanting. The temperature in the solid hydrolysis step is adjusted to 35-38 degrees C. The temperature in the solid digestion is adjusted to 60 degrees C. Spent lye from a bottle washing machine or tank cleaning machine is used as the lye. An enzyme or a trace element mixture is added to the solid hydrolysis. Pasty organic brewery residues, preferably surplus and sediment yeast and hot- and cold-trubs, are added to the third hydrolysis step. The substances from the third hydrolysis step are fed to a preacidification tank or a mixing- and equalization-basins. The substances, after the third hydrolysis step, are fed to a methane reactor. The solid substances, after the solid-liquid separation, are subjected to solid dewatering and drying. The solid substances are pelletized or compressed. The solid substances, after the solid dewatering and drying step, are subjected to combustion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The yeast strain is Candida utilis, Candida tropicalis, or beer yeast. Preferred Method: The method comprises directly producing fodder yeast culture medium with the waste liquid after extracting phytin from corn soaked in water or rice bran, or adding into glucose mother liquor or liquid sugar. The yeast culture medium comprises fermentation broth yeast of 1.5-3 billion per ml; crude protein of not less than 45%; ash content of not greater than 10%; and heavy metal (in terms of lead) of not greater than 10 mg/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The biomass contains bark of leaves and wood, bagasse, paper and/or herb.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oil coagulant and oil-impregnated solidified substance obtained by hardening waste edible oil are heated and liquefied, and then biomass which is crushed is added to liquefied substance, to obtain oil-impregnated crushed material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The used coffee powder and compost are mixed, and proliferated inoculum is added. The deposition fermentation is carried out, and re-culturing of inoculum is carried out. The compost obtained by fermenting vegetable sediment is waste of grains, waste culture soil, plant, wood chip, crop residue and/or organic residue. The deodorizing decomposition processing material is added to a container accommodating organic waste, and waste is deodorized. Aerobic fermentation is carried out, and waste is decomposed after stirring. The ratio of used coffee powder having water content rate of 60-20%, and vegetable sediment is 1:1-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filters are inclined towards the filtrate outlet and formed into an angle alpha with a horizontal line. The angle is more than and equal to 65 degrees and less than 90 degrees. The residue removing mechanism includes a scraper blade, a scraper blade plate and a force balancing element. The scraper blade shaft is fixed between tops of the two side plates by the bearing. The scraper blade is fixed on the scraper blade shaft along the length direction of the box near the filter screen. The scraper blade is contacted to the filter screen. A rubber plate is fixed on the scraper blade shaft at lower side of the scraper blade. Meanwhile, the rubber plate is adhered at upper end of the discharge groove at the bottom. The force balancing element is fixed at one end of the scraper blade shaft near the side plates. The force balancing element is a spring. The other end of the spring is fixed at the side of the box. The filter screen is reduced gradually in diameter towards the filtrate outlet. The supporting element includes a supporting shaft and supporting shaft housing on the supporting shaft. The bottom of the discharge groove is inclined downwardly; the discharge port at the side of the box is located at the lowest point of the discharge groove. An aerator pipe is designed at the bottom of the box on each filter cavity section. A cover is designed on the top of the box on each filter cavity section. A stirring blade extended to the filter cavity section is set at the bottom of the cover. Preferred Method: A stirring motor connected to the stirring blade is installed on the cover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filler is made from polyethylene (PE) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The methane generator main body is plastic alloy body in a shape of cylinder, sphere, hexahedron or spheroidicity. The inner wall or the outer wall is provided with reinforced ribs arranged in a shape of ring. The separated shell bodies are ring-shaped shell bodies formed by dividing along the radial direction of central shaft of the methane generator main body. The separated shell bodies, each of which is provided with at least an abutting end face, the abutting end faces of two adjacent separated shell bodies are connected and fastened with each other in a sealing manner. In the methane generator one of the abutting end faces or two abutting end faces of two adjacent separated shell bodies are provided with abutting platforms extended outwards along the radial direction of the end faces. An adhesive colloid is arranged between the abutting end faces of two adjacent separated shell bodies by welding or filling. A gland bush is arranged between the abutting end faces of two adjacent separated shell bodies. The fastening bolts are arranged between the abutting end faces of two adjacent separated shell bodies. The two adjacent separated shell bodies are connected and fastened with each other in a sealing manner via the fastening bolts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves separating the ACLA enzyme or active fragment from the recombinant host cell; and contacting the substance with the recombinant micro-organism (O1). Preferred Components: The recombinant micro-organism is a solventogenic microorganism (preferably solventogenic bacterium, especially Clostridium acetobutylicum), an ethanologenic micro-organism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substance is enriched in crystalline cellulose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The left- and the right pulling rope are formed by knotting a rope at the top end of the stirring blade. A triangle is formed by enclosing the top end of the stirring blade, the first pulley and the second pulley through pulling ropes. The axle seat is formed by constructing bricks at the bottom of the biogas pool. Preferred Components: The left- and the right pulling rope are two ropes, which are fixed on the top end of the stirring blade. The stirring blade is a rectangular frame made of polyvinyl chloride pipes, one short side of the frame is connected with the spindle and the spindle is also made of polyvinyl chloride pipes. The axle seat is equipped with a groove and the groove is internally equipped with polyvinyl chloride pipes connected with the spindle after it is sliced longitudinally. The manual rope traction stirrer contains two axle seats, where inner sides of two axle seats are equipped with a 45-degree inclined surface for preventing the rotation of the stirring blade. The first pulley and the second pulley are U-shaped and made of polyvinyl chloride pipes. The left pulling rope and the right pulling rope are ropes or strips made of steel, iron, copper, plastics or cloths.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first substrate is made of silicon wafer material. Preferred Method: The first substrate is provided by depositing silicon dioxide (SiO2) on Si wafer via thermal oxidation, forming photoresist on one surface of Si wafer and performing photolithography on photoresist except the portion corresponding to the first grooved path, pouring polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Si wafer and separating the cured PDMS layer from Si wafer, and surface-treating the inner surface of first grooved path and coating a catalyst layer on surface-treated inner surface of first grooved path. The second substrate is provided by depositing a platinum electrode on exposed SiO2 surface of opposed peripheries across the second grooved path to form a heating unit; or depositing SiO2 layer on electrode surface of heating unit and inner surface of grooved path.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first substrate may be made of polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The process stream contains 5-85 wt.% water. The MFGE product contains less than 1 wt.% water. The heating fluid is water vapor at 150-250 degrees C. Preferred Process: The regeneration effluent stream in vapor phase is injected into the solids separation unit or is provided to a reboiler that provides heat to the solids separation unit. The process further includes generating heat of adsorption in adsorption flow passages of first adsorber (preferably plate-fin type heat exchanger), providing cooling fluid to the first adsorber, removing heat of adsorption by passing the cooling fluid through the heat transfer flow passages to produce heated cooling fluid, and providing heat from the heated cooling fluid to a heat sink; and producing cooled heating fluid during regeneration of adsorptive material coating, and using the cooled heating fluid as cooling fluid that is provided to the first adsorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The starting material is biomass (preferably agricultural or forestry biomass), or municipal solid waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The starting material is treated with second glycoside hydrolase polypeptide under 15-100 (preferably 50-70) degrees C at acidic pH. Preferred Components: The isolated polypeptide comprises sequence of 740 amino acids fully defined in the specification, and conservative amino acid substitution. Preferred Composition: The ratio of polypeptide to starting material is 1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes recovering purified CO2 product gas from gas-depleted liquid fraction of second stage solvent effluent by heating a portion of gas-depleted liquid fraction or CO2-rich solvent stream to greater than or equal to 150 degrees C to regenerate solvent. The second stage reaction produces second CH4-enriched gas which is combined with CH4-enriched gas produced in first stage reaction to obtain purified CH4 product gas. The first stage reaction is performed in an absorber maintained at 41-83 barg. The second stage reaction is performed in a stripper maintained at 41-83 barg. The recycled vapor fraction and gas-depleted liquid fraction are obtained from two flash separations of second stage solvent effluent at two successively lower flash separation pressures. The flash separations are performed in flash separators maintained at less than 27 barg. Preferred Components: The feed gas comprises CH4 and CO2 (1-10 vol.%). The solvent is physical solvent. The purified CO2 product gas comprises CO2 ( greater than or equal to 90 vol.%, on water-free basis). The purified CH4 product gas comprises CH4 ( greater than or equal to 95 vol.%, on water-free basis). EXAMPLE - Impure feed gas containing (vol.%) methane (CH4, 95) and carbon dioxide (CO2, 5) was reacted with solvent containing dimethyl ether of propylene glycol. The first stage solvent effluent was reacted with a recycled vapor fraction of second stage solvent effluent. More than 99.5% of CH4 in impure feed gas was recovered in purified CH4 product gas. This CH4 product gas had CH4 purity of greater than 96.8 vol.%, on water-free basis. More than 67% of CO2 in gas feed was recovered in purified CO2 product gas stream. This CO2 product gas stream had CO2 purity of greater than 97 vol.%, on water-free basis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The process stream contains less than or equal to 85 (preferably 0.25-1.25) wt.% water. The adsorptive material coating contains a Type 4A or a Type 3A zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The process stream includes ethanol and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adsorptive material comprises a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent in the process (P1), is zinc/ammonium chloride. The base in the process (P2) is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation (P4) of the compound (VIII) involves: reacting methyl 5-acetamido-4-amino-6-(1,2,3-triacetoxypropyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-carboxylate with a cyanogen halide of formula N?=C-X. Preparation (P5) of the compound (IX) involves deacetylation of a compound of formula (VIII) in the presence of a deacetylating agent.X=F, Cl, Br or I.Preferred Process: In the process (P2), the hydrolysis takes place in the presence of an organic or inorganic base. The process (P3) further involves recrystallizing the zanamivir. Preferred Components: The base in the process (P2) is selected from pyridine, dimethylamine, trimethyl amine and sodium ethoxide. The cyanogen halide in the process (P4) is cyanogens bromide. The deacetylating agent in the process (P5) is selected from methanol/iodine, methanol/water, sodium t-butoxide, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide. ACTIVITY - Virucide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Neuraminidase inhibitor.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The natural garden fertilizer is packaged in clean poly bags and fabric bags. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The absorption solution is clear water added with sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel is 1-50 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of alumina carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The shell of sieve is a double-layer structure, where an outer layer is a grid mesh structure layer made of metal and inner layer uses high-density metal screen mesh material as the liner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The acorn starch is prepared by wet process, without impurities comprising protein, fat and tannin. The acorn is german oak of deciduous species of fagaceae deciduous oak and plant fruit of evergreen castanopsis tree.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The activated strain is prepared by K. marxinus (30-40%, preferably 40%), S. cerevisiae (40-60%, preferably 50%) and R. chinenssis (10-20%, preferably 10%). The saccharification strain and fermentation strain are simultaneously inoculated during the process. The fermentation liquid can be added with complex enzyme formed by pectase, cellulose and acid protease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The wt. ratio of N,N dimethylacetamide to propylene glycol is 1:2-1:15, preferably 1:5. Preferred Composition: The solution comprises (units not given): meloxicam (1.0-8.0), meglumin (1.0-5.0), N,N dimethly acetamide (5.0-30.0), propylene glycol (50.0-90.0), povidone (0.1-1.5), and injectable water. Preferred Properties: The solution has pH of 8.0-10 without using buffer substance. ACTIVITY - Antipyretic; Analgesic; Respiratory-Gen; Antidiarrheic; Antiinflammatory. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The administration is oral or parenteral (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - Meloxicam solution was prepared from (mg/mL): meloxicam (20), meglumine (12.5), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (80.0), propylene glycol (200.0), povidone K-17 (2.0), and water for injection (balance).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The level automatic controllers installed on the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank and the anaerobic digestion tanks are used for controlling the material quantity in material tanks of the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank and the anaerobic digestion tank. The bottom ends of the material tanks inside the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank and the anaerobic digestion tank are both tapered and form a V-typed water collection inter-layer together with outer walls of the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank and the anaerobic digestion tank. The stirrers installed on the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank and the anaerobic digestion tank has the same structure. The structure of the stirrer is such that the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the hydrolysis acidification treatment tank or the anaerobic digestion tank. The hydraulic cylinder is connected with the pump station through a hydraulic pipeline. The end of the hydraulic cylinder, which extends to the internal part of the tank body, is equipped with a transverse E-shaped stirrer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid acid catalyst is silicon dioxide (SiO2), SiO-alumina (Al2O3), boron oxide (B2O3)-Al2O3, or titanium dioxide-SiO2. The solid alkali catalyst is calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO)-Al2O3, zinc oxide (ZnO), CaO-MgO, or CaO-ZnO.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gas-phase methanol is introduced into the reaction kettle from the bottom part of reaction kettle lower part; and then the gas-phase methanol and grease are in esterification reaction. The method comprises heating the obtained biodiesel at 90-98 degrees C and normal pressure; adding 1-4 wt.% decolorant; and decolorizing for 30-60 minutes. The temperature for esterification is controlled at 72-76 degrees C. The time for esterification is 120-180 minutes. The temperature for ester exchange reaction is controlled at 64-70 degrees C. The time for ester exchange reaction is 60-90 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ferromagnetic metal is iron, cobalt, and/or nickel. The ferromagnetic metal soluble salt is nitrate, acetate, chloride, and/or sulfate. The precipitant is ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate. The carbon source gas is carbon monoxide. The ratio of the hydrogen to the carbon source gas is 0.1-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon source gas is methane, acetylene, or ethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive material is chosen from gold, platinum, silver, copper and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filter core is prepared by steel wools.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The species of microorganism is selected from thermophilic Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901, Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Bdellovibrio sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Citrobacter sp. Y19, Methanosarcina acetivorans c2A, or Bacillus smithii. The microorganism comprises algae and bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The inert gas includes nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biodegradable biomass is selected from manure, wastewater sludge, or municipal waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The biomass comprises starch, sugar, or cellulose. The carbon-rich substrate includes starch and sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The method further involves mixing reduce amount of organic silicon. The water purification is carried out by heat processing at 78-90 degrees C and plasma processing using alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol or ethanol (5% with respect to 95% of water).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves heat-processing 3-5 wt.% of mixture consisting of alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or ethanol, adding oxide catalyst, plasma-processing, and obtaining 5% dilution liquid of FOS catalyst. The FOS catalyst comprises aqueous solution containing calcium chloride water, sulfuration aqueous ammonia, magnesium sulfide water, iron sulfide water, potassium phosphate liquid, succinic acid liquid and vitamin liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises at least one surfactant, ionic/nonionic polymer and scale, corrosion inhibitor, oxygen scavenger or additional biocide. Preferred Components: The isothiazolinone biocidal compound is of formula (I). The isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and/or 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (all preferred), 2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone, 5-chloro-2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone, 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone, 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone and/or 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one, preferably the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone. In the composition, the weight ratio of 2,6-dimethyl-meta-dioxane-4-ol acetate to: 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one is 50:1 to 1:4; to the mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is 900:1 to 10:1; or to 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is 170:1 to 2:1.Either R, R1 = H or halo (preferably Cl) (both preferred) or alkyl; orRR1C = 4-7C cycloalkyl ring or aryl, preferably cyclopentyl or phenyl; andY1 = H, 1-12C alkyl, 3-7C cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, preferably H, CH3, CH2CH3 or n-octyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon dioxide is obtained by the fermentation and is converted to dry ice and/or compressed and filled into containers. The fermentation process is carried out under the addition of yeast, at 16-25 degrees C for at least two weeks. The separated solid body mass is mixed with another biomass (e.g. grass or maize), converted to a pumpable state and is fed into a plant for the production of biogas and/or bio-energy. The material separation takes place by centrifugation. The regulation of the volume ratio of the solid body mass to wine volume is carried out by the respective supply or withdrawal of heat quantity, predetermined duration of the fermentation process and the intake of oxygen quantity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The high pressure steam stream is a superheated steam stream, and the oil processing feed stream is stream of heavy crude chosen from bitumen heavy crude, Arab heavy crude and UAE heavy crude. The oil processing system comprises distillation units (220,230), distillate upgrader (240), distillate finisher (250), bottom upgrader (260) and deasphalter (270), and further comprises at least one steam heater coupled to each distillation units, distillate upgrader, distillate finisher, bottom upgrader and deasphalter. The steam heater(s) utilizes high pressure steam produced from gasification system. The distillate upgrader, distillate finisher and bottom upgrader utilize hydrogen stream produced from gasification system. The bottom upgrader and distillate upgrader comprise several ebullated bed reactors having catalyst, and interstage vapor separation unit. At least two of several ebullated bed reactors are connected in series. The catalyst comprises sediment control extrudate, hydrotrating extrudate, trilobes and/or hydroconversion extrudate. The gasification system comprises air separation unit, at least one gasifier, acid gas removal unit, sulfur recovery unit and pressure swing absorber, and further comprises methanation unit. The pressure swing absorber generates tail gas which is converted into synthetic natural gas. The volumetric yield of integrated hydroprocessing and gasification system is more than 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water thick paste is prepared by respectively 2 times extracting Eupolyphaga and peach kernel with 8-15 times for 1 hour each time, combining extracts, and condensing. The relative density of water thick paste in is 1.26 g/mL. The relative density of ethanol thick paste is 1.10 g/mL. The stirring process is performed with electromagnetic stirrer. ACTIVITY - Osteopathic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The separation step is centrifugal separation. The pH value is adjusted by using sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer (F1) is applied at 750-1500 kg/hectare.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode of the corrugated tube battery assembly is prepared as the corrugated tube electrode with multiple pores and the anode is prepared as the film electrode with multiple pores. The electrolyte is prepared as a compact film. The cathode, electrolyte and anode are connected into an integer by high temperature sintering to constitute a three-in-one corrugated tube battery assembly.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tubular filler is a hollow cylinder with identical upper and lower apertures and the spherical filler is a spherical body and the surface is distributed with pores.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: separating butane from the recovered liquefied petroleum gas to supply butane into an alkylation unit for preparing alkylate from the fluid catalytic cracked oil fraction; and supplying all or part of the recovered fuel gas into a hydrogen unit for producing hydrogen used for the hydrodesulfurization/hydrodenitrogenation and the hydrocracking/dealkylation. EXAMPLE - An effluent oil (comprising sulfur (330 wt.ppm), nitrogen (220 wt.ppm) and aromatics (65 wt.%)) was subjected to hydrodesulfurization/hydrodenitrogenation in the presence of a catalyst (nickel-molybdenum/alumina (55 cc)) and hydrogen (30 kg/cm2) was added into a high-pressure fix-bed reactor so that hydrodesulfurization/hydrodenitrogenation was performed at 290 degrees C to give a reaction product containing sulfur (less than 1 wt.ppm), nitrogen (less than 1 wt.ppm) and aromatics (59.3 wt.%). The reaction product was subjected to hydrocracking/dealkylation to give LPG and aromatics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: recycling the filtrate as the liquid for mixing with the medium; repeating the steps (a) and (b) for concentrating the mixture; adding additives to the oxygenated filtrate before fermenting the oxygenated filtrate. Preferred Components: The liquid is water. The filtrate has 6.5-9.5 ppm of dissolved oxygen. The mixture is filtered through a 3-5 mm screen while mixture is maintained to be agitated. The filtrate is aerated by air. The additives are Ascophyllum nodosum northern hemisphere variety, wildly grown Sargassum southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere varieties, and BorreGro HA-1 (RTM: Modified potassium humate derived from leonardite). The additives are present at 300 g of additives to 1000 l of the mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon dioxide is extracted from ambient air. The extraction is effected by passively passing such air over a carbon dioxide adsorbent. The method comprises exposing the sorbent covered surfaces to air streams, where the airflow is kept laminar or close to the laminar regime. The carbon dioxide is released from the absorbent by contact with a halogen. The carbon dioxide is captured in the absorbent as a sodium carbonate solution and is released by bubbling gaseous chlorine through the solution. The sodium chloride solution formed by reaction of chlorine with the sodium carbonate solution is electrolyzed to produce sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide produced is recycled for adsorption of carbon dioxide. The electrolysis is effected by membrane cell electrolysis. The carbon dioxide released from the sorbent is at least partially converted to carbon monoxide. The conversion is effected by the reverse shift water gas reaction. The carbon oxides are converted to hydrocarbons by reaction with hydrogen in the Fischer Tropsch reaction. The carbon oxides are converted to methanol. The carbon oxides are converted to hydrocarbons by reaction with hydrogen to produce methanol, which is then converted to hydrocarbon. The carbon oxides are converted to hydrocarbons by reaction with hydrogen in the ICI reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: In the process: the conversion temperature is 250-400 degrees C, preferably 300-380 degrees C; the cellulosic biomass is heated to the conversion temperature in a fluid bed reactor; at least part of the catalyst system acts as a heat carrier; the cellulosic biomass is contacted with at least one component of the catalyst system in a pretreatment step; the pretreatment step comprises impregnating the cellulosic biomass with a solution of a component of the catalyst system; the pretreatment comprises mechanically treating the cellulosic biomass in the presence of a component of the catalyst system in particulate form; and the mechanical treatment comprises milling, grinding and/or kneading.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multivalent metal component comprises a divalent metal and/or trivalent metal. The multivalent metal component comprises a hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite-like material, anionic clay and/or mixed metal oxide. The alkali metal component comprises an alkali metal carbonate. The alkali metal component and the multivalent metal component are combined in a catalyst particle. The catalyst system further comprises an acidic component. The acidic component comprises a solid acid. The acidic component comprises a zeolite and/or silica-alumina. The zeolite comprises a zeolite socony mobil (ZSM)-zeolite and/or yttrium-zeolite. The zeolite comprises ZSM-5. The catalyst system comprises catalyst particles comprising all components of the catalyst system. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material for the reformer is conductive ceramic, which contains silicon carbide. The catalyst is a substance containing at least one element of: noble metals, aluminum, nickel, zirconium, titanium, cerium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper, tin, iron, niobium, magnesium, lanthanum, samarium, bismuth, barium, platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, indium, silver or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating apparatus has a heater (21) disposed on the side face of the reformer, which is heated by the heater to accelerate the evaporation and reforming reaction of the liquid. The heating apparatus has a linear electrode (31) disposed on an extended line of the direction, where the cells of the reformer are extended and a pulse power source (32) capable of applying pulse voltage to a pair of electrodes with the reformer and the linear electrode is regarded as the pair of electrodes, where pulse voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes to generate plasma, and thus the reactor is heated to accelerate evaporation and reforming reaction of the liquid. The pulse power source is a high voltage pulse power source using a static induction thyristor. In the reactor, a catalyst for reforming is loaded on the reformer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid contains hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water outlet is connected with a U-shaped water outlet pipe of water sealing. The water reflowing pipe is connected with said water distributor through a waste water inlet pipe. The waste water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Dehydrogenation reaction of organic hydride is carried out in the presence of the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic-type compound (I) is trimethylbenzene. The compound (B) is preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as compound (B1), and isophthalic acid compound (II), terephthalic acid compound (III), and/or diketone compound (IV) as compound (B2). The content of compound (B) is 5-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of aromatic-type compound. The mass ratio of compound (B1) and compound (B2) is 1/9-9/1. The biodiesel fuel composition further contains cetane number improver and/or cleaning agent, and additives. The additives is chosen from antioxidant, lubricity-improving agent, metal deactivator, deicing agent, corrosion inhibitor, antistatic agent, coloring agent, and antifoamer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linear alkoxylated oligo- or polyamine has a structure of formula (R1-N(R2)-A1-(N(R3)-A2)n-(N(R4)-A3)m-N(R6)(R5)) (III).Either R1-R6 = alkoxylate group (I), H, 1-30C alkyl, 5-8C cycloalkyl, 1-29C alkylcarbonyl or 2-8C cyanoalkyl; orNR1R2 and/or NR5R6 = 5 to 6 membered optionally saturated ring, which comprises further heteroatoms and/or carbonyl carbon atoms and additional substituents or each forms a methylidene group that is substituted by 1-30C alkyl group and/or 6-12C aryl group;A1-A3 (bridging groups) = 1-12C alkylene and/or 6-12C arylene group, where R1 and/or R5 together with N or C of alkylene group and A1-A3 forms 5 to 6 membered optionally saturated ring, which comprises further heteroatoms and/or carbonyl carbon atoms and additional substituents (preferably A1-A3 are 2C or 3C alkylene groups); andn, m = 0-30 (preferably 0-2). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of 40 compounds (A) is disclosed e.g. N-mono-(hydroxypropyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-mono-(hydroxybutyl)-1,2-ethylene diamine, N,N'-di-(hydroxypropyl)-1,2-ethylene diamine, N,N'-di-(hydroxybutyl)-1,2-ethylene diamine, and N,N,N'-tri-(hydroxybutyl)-1,2-ethylene diamine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The average molecular weight of unsaturated group containing urethane resin is 300-30000. The content of unsaturated group in the urethane resin is 0.04-5 M/kg resin. The cyclodextrin polymer (B) is a reaction material of a cyclodextrin and a polyisocyanate compound. The mass ratio of unsaturated group containing urethane resin and cyclodextrin polymer is 99/1-30/70. The polymerization initiator is a redox-thermal polymerization initiator which consists of a combination of photoinitiator and/or an oxidizing agent, and a reducing agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen sulfate of organic onium is a hydrogen sulfate of ammonium, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or phosphonium, preferably dichloroanilinium hydrogen sulfate or trichloroanilinium hydrogen sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oil and fat is natural fat, synthetic grease, synthetic triglyceride, monoglyceride and/or diglyceride, their modified substance, or waste-product oil and fat. The alcohol is 1-8C alcohol or methyl cellosolve. EXAMPLE - Fat and oil (in g) (10.41), methanol (30 ml) and 2,4- dichloroanilinium hydrogen sulfate catalyst (28.5) were reacted in nitrogen atmosphere at 130 degrees C for 5 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was separated into two layers using a separating funnel, allowed to stand for 1 hour and lower layer of fatty acid ester was collected with a yield of 85%, conversion ratio of 100% and glycerin content of less than 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The waste material is dried in the drying apparatus at 180-350 degrees C. The drying apparatus is provided with a drum (202a) in which the waste material is injected and rotated by rotating mechanism, such that the waste material in the drum is dried. The superheated steam and waste material are contacted in the drying apparatus by a head flow. The classifying apparatus is provided with primary classification unit which removes metal from dried products and secondary classification unit which recovers plastic waste material from dried products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The feed stream comprises carbon-containing feedstock and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon-containing feedstock is methanol or hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first temperature controlled adsorber or the second temperature controlled adsorber is a plate-fin type heat exchanger.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The cooling fluid has a temperature of 95-130 degrees C. The cooling fluid is a condensate. The heated cooling fluid has a temperature of 95-130 degrees C. The heated cooling fluid is in a vapor state. The heated cooling fluid is injected into the solids separation unit. The heated cooling fluid is provided to a reboiler that provides heat to the solids separation unit. The process further comprises: providing a second temperature controlled adsorber (104) undergoing regeneration that is isolated from the process stream, where the second temperature controlled adsorber has at least one adsorption flow passage containing an adsorptive material coating and at least one heat transfer flow passages; providing a heating fluid to the heat transfer flow passages of the second temperature controlled adsorber; regenerating the adsorptive material coating by removing water; and producing a cooled heating fluid; and using the cooled heating fluid as the cooling fluid that is provided to the first temperature controlled adsorber. Preferred Components: The process stream contains water (10-85 wt.%). The MFGE product contains water (less than 5 wt.%). The heating fluid is water vapor. The heating fluid has a temperature of 150-250 degrees C. The cooled heating fluid has a temperature of 150-250 degrees C. The cooled heating fluid is subcooled by a heat exchanger to produce the cooling fluid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The welded pipe further contains niobium (1.0 or less), titanium (1.0 or less), molybdenum (4.0 or less) and/or copper (4.0 or less), aluminum (1.0 or less), alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal (0.10 or less) and/or boron (0.010 or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte consists of sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing peptide molecule with antimicrobial activity comprises: (a) obtaining DNA encoding cecropin A and cecropin A encoding Inverted DNA; (b) obtaining the doublets of cecropin A with the fragments of step (a); (c) cloning the DNA of the doublets of cecropin A obtained in step (b) in an expression vector; (d) transforming bacterium with the expression vector of step (c); and (e) expression and purification of peptide cecropin A doublets obtained from the growth of the bacterium transformed in step (d). Preferred Molecule: The peptide molecule comprises a coding sequence of cecropin A linked to an inverted sequence of cecropin A. The coding sequence of cecropin A comprising fully defined 41 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. not defined) given in the specification. The sequence inverted cecropin A comprises fully defined 40 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. not defined) given in the specification. The doublets of cecropin A comprises fully defined 81 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. not defined) given in the specification. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Fungicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Gene Therapy.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is an oxidoreductase. The oxidoreductase is laccase, tyrosinase, or other oxidoreductase enzyme which requires oxygen for enzymatic activity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the peroxide reagent is added as the in situ source of dissolved oxygen; the enzymes are used in combination with other effluent treatment agents; prior to the step (b), the effluent has a concentration of dissolved oxygen insufficient to support enzymatic redox reactions to reduce the level of organic contaminants by at least 5 (preferably at least 45, especially at least 90)%; prior to the step (b), the effluent has an amount of dissolved oxygen of less than 0.25 (preferably less than 0.9, especially 0) part per million; the enzyme is added to the industrial effluent at a point in the effluent treatment process which has low levels of dissolved oxygen and which is not a suitable area for conventional unit of aeration; the effluent to be treated is petroleum refinery effluent and where the enzyme is added into the effluent flowing between effluent treatment units; and the enzyme is added between American petroleum institute (API) separators, between a coker unit and coker sump, between coker sump and coker API separator, or between coker sump and plant API separator as part of a petroleum refinery water treatment process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The sulfate reducing bacteria is Citrobacter or Desulfovibrio. The decoloration agent is Shewanella decolorationis or Aeromonas hydrophila. The anammox agent is Brachymonas, Brocadia anammoxidans and/or Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sulfide recycling comprises blowing off sulfide from the effluent at a rate of 60-100 ml of nitrogen/minute, and recycling sulfide for the blown off gas at 0.5-2.0 mol/l of sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The aerobic microbial agent comprises (colony forming units/mg) B. subtilis (1), B. stearothermophilus (0.5-1.5, preferably 1), A. niger (0.5-1.5, preferably 1), S. thermophile (0.5-1.5, preferably 1) and S. cerevisiae (0.5-1.5, preferably 1). The heavy metal passivator has a particle size of 10 mesh and water content of below 15 (preferably 5) mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metal is mercury, lead and/or zinc. The additive comprises (pts.wt.) shale (300), grass carbon (200), and saw dust (200).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sludge with heavy metals exceeding standards is treated by mixing (pts.wt.) sludge (2300) having heavy metal contents exceeding standards and water content of less than 80 mass%, aerobic microbial agent (5), additive (700), and heavy metal passivator (230); and fermenting the mixture for 15 days to obtain treated sludge while being turned for the first time at 55 degrees C, turned for second time when it reaches 70 degrees C, maintained for 3 days, and turned after one week. Preferred Component: The sludge having heavy metal contents exceeding standards is a sludge having heavy metal(s) exceeding pollutant control standard in agricultural sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vegetable oil used is sunflower seed oil, rap oil, bean oil, peanut oil, or coconut oil. Preferably, the solvent used in the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction is n-hexane. Preferred Composition: Preferably, in the barium sulfate loading palladium catalyst, the concentration of palladium is 3-5 wt.%. The weight ratio of catalyst to vegetable oil is 1:2-5; and the weight to volume ratio of vegetable oil to solvent is 1 g:15-30 ml. Preferred Conditions: The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction temperature of vegetable oil is 250-290 degrees C; and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction pressure of vegetable oil is 3-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the methanol diesel oil compound additive comprises (pts.wt.) diethyl phthalate (2), n-butylamine (5), isooctyl alcohol (3), cyclohexanone (4), dodecyl methacrylate (30), hard fat (20), phenyl propargyl ether (2), dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (4), ethyl formate (8), isooctyl nitrate (10), and polyoxyethylene hexadecyl phenolic ether (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In screening Penicillium CTGU-CGL-002, the enrichment culture medium contains (unit: g/L): 1.0 g/L of peptone, 5.0 g/L of glucose, 1.0 g/L of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 1.0g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and 2.5 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl); and its pH value is 7.0-7.2. The inorganic salt culture medium contains (unit: g/L): 0.5 g/L of KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L of K2HPO4, 0.2 g/L of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).7H2O, 0.1 g/L of calcium chloride (CaCl2), 0.2 g/L of NaCl, trace MnSO4.H2O, one drop of iron sulfate (FeSO4) solution with mass fraction of 10%, and 1.0 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); the waste water is added to be used as unique carbon source for microorganism growth; pH is regulated as 7.0 by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with mass fraction of 10%, and solid culture medium is added with agar-agar with mass fraction of 1.5-2.0%. The optimal culture temperature is 30 degrees C, and the culture way is aerobic culture; culture substrate concentration is 600 mL/L, and the optimal pH value is 7.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In screening Aquicolous corynebacterium CTGU-CGL-001, the enrichment culture medium contains (unit: g/L): 1.0 g/L of peptone, 5.0 g/L of glucose, 1.0 g/L of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 1.0g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and 2.5 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl); and its pH value is 7.0-7.2. The inorganic salt culture medium contains (unit: g/L): 0.5 g/L of KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L of K2HPO4, 0.2 g/L of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).7H2O, 0.1 g/L of calcium chloride (CaCl2), 0.2 g/L of NaCl, trace MnSO4.H2O, one drop of iron sulfate (FeSO4) solution with mass fraction of 10%, and 1.0 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); the waste water is added to be used as unique carbon source for microorganism growth; pH is regulated as 7.0 by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with mass fraction of 10%, and solid culture medium is added with agar-agar with mass fraction of 1.5-2.0%. The optimal culture temperature is 30 degrees C, and the culture way is aerobic culture; culture substrate concentration is 600 mL/L, and the optimal pH value is 7.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heavy metal ion solution comprises copper ion, zinc ion, nickel ion, lead ion, cadmium ion, and/or chromium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium oxide powder is dead-burning magnesium oxide powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The reduced water has an oxidation-reduction potential of -100 mV or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Non-condensable gases are used as an energy source in the volatilization of biomass, where a liquid is obtained in condensation process, which is stored. The liquid includes 32% of biogasoline, 62% of green diesel and 6% of heavy oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reactive agent is made by collecting a quantity of organic material. The water comprises triple distilled and energized water. The water comprises de-ionized water. The plates comprise stainless steel plates that have been subjected to electrical potential in an electrolytic solution and periodically cleaned. The plates comprise a metal that is non-reactive in mixture of the water, reactive agent and conductivity promoting material under the application of electrical power to the apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal component (a) contains porous inorganic oxide containing element of group-VIA and group-VIII chosen from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and magnesium. The metal component (b) contains porous inorganic oxide containing element of group-VIII chosen from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and magnesium, and zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogenated process is performed in presence of catalyst having metal component (a) as carrier and hydrogen at 150-480 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 2-13 MPa, liquid-space-velocity of 0.1-3 hours-1 and hydrogen/oil ratio of 150-1500 NL/L. An isomerization of hydrogenated oil obtained during hydrogenated process is further carried out in presence of catalyst having the metal component (b) and hydrogen at 150-380 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 2-13 MPa, liquid-space-velocity of 0.1-3 hours-1 and hydrogen/oil ratio of 250-1500 NL/L, to obtain aviation fuel oil base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aviation fuel composition further contains additive chosen from antioxidant, electrostatic inhibiting agent, metal deactivator deicing agent. An aeroturbine fuel oil containing the aviation fuel composition has specification value based on JIS K2209.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas turbine includes a gas turbine generator for generating electricity. The bio-gas includes methane. The system further comprises a dryer vessel receiving the exhaust gases from the gas turbine through a connection and drying or thermally treating any of the residual source waste stock, the bio-gas byproduct, or at least a portion of the manure waste stock to produce the converted material, where the connection between the gas turbine and dryer vessel substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, at least a portion of the electricity produced by the gas turbine generator is used in producing the bio-fuel. In the method: either the animal manure waste stock or residual source waste stock are contacted with the gas turbine exhaust gases in a dryer vessel without significant oxidation of the waste stock; and either the animal manure waste stock or the residual source waste stock are contacted with the exhaust gases to produce an end-product having a moisture content of less than 20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: Hydrogen is extracted from the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide by subjecting the mixture to an aqueous ethanolamine solution. The process of forming methane from hydrogen involves extracting hydrogen by subjecting hydrogen to Sabatier Reactor process in reactor formed of a ceramic foam material. The ceramic foam material is aluminum based ceramic foam material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The electrical power generating system consists of a heat transfer arrangement having a sodium heat tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The sodium heat pipe comprises an envelope formed of stainless steel, Inconel (RTM: austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloys), molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, carbon, carbon composite, and/or Hastelloy X (RTM: nickel based alloy).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The holocellulose is processed with chlorine dioxide at room temperature-100 degrees C, pH of 1-2.5 and pressure of 150 kPa or less. The hydrolyzation of holocellulose is carried out by oligo saccharification at 10-60 degrees C for 30-180 minutes with sulfuric acid additional amount of 100-140 weight/volume%, and monosacchariding process at 100-140 degrees C for 30-90 minutes with sulfuric acid additional amount of 2-6 weight/volume%. The pentose and hexose are monosaccharidized with a fermenter. The fermented 2,3-butanediol is dehydrated at 50-250 degrees C on solid acid catalyst to generate methyl ethyl ketone as alternative fuel. The sulfone group (1-2.5 meq/g) is covalent-bonded to a nucleus support. The 2,3-butanediol, bioethanol and acetic acid are manufactured by fermentation reaction at 30-55 degrees C and pH of 4-6 using Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms. The polysaccharide of holocellulose is monosaccharidized at 30-55 degrees C and pH of 4-6 using xylanase which decomposes hemicellulose and/or ( beta )-glucosidase which decomposes cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The production of holocellulose is batch or continuous process with batch production system having reactor with one or more column, and a continuous-production system with reactor having two or more columns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The support of solid acid catalyst consists of silica, alumina, platinum and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition is capable of utilizing GlcNAc as a nutrient carbon source for conversion to a biofuel, i.e. ethanol. At least one enzyme is selected from Candida albicans (Ca) proteins (p) consisting of CaNgt1p, CaNag5p, CaNag2p and CaNag1p. The yeast cell is a Saccharomyces strain. Preferred Method: In the method for making a biofuel, the yeast cell preparation is a Saccharomyces cell preparation. Modifying the yeast cell preparation further comprises forming the heterologous DNA by assembling gene expression cassettes using PCR. The method further comprises obtaining the genes for the gene expression cassettes from C. albicans. At least one protein is selected from CaNgt1p, CaNag5p, CaNag2p and CaNag1p. The biofuel is ethanol. The method further comprises propagating the modified yeast cell preparation in aerobic conditions, oxygen-limited conditions or anaerobic conditions. The method further comprises propagating the modified yeast cell preparation in a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic conditions during different phases of fermentation. Propagating the yeast cell preparation further comprises providing at least one other sugar in addition to GlcNAc. At least one other sugar is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose and glucosamine. The heterologous DNA is from a second yeast strain capable of metabolizing GlcNAc. The second yeast strain is C. albicans. The GlcNAc is derived from chitin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterium to be tested is Lactococcus (preferably Lactococcus lactis subsp. (cremoris C60 strain (FERM BP-08559)) and/or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (biovar diacetylactis DRC-1 strain (MAFF-400206-)). ACTIVITY - Antiallergic; Immunosuppressive; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiulcer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production inducer. Test details are described, but no results given.    ADMINISTRATION - Dosage is 0.5-1 mg/kg/day of body weight or 0.5-2 mg/kg/day body weight. Administration is oral.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The preoxidizing strength is adjusted according to condition of water quality. The contact time is 1-30 minutes. The algae-killing treatment can be performed by building station on bank or can use ship as carrier, which can float and move on water surface to treat algae. The algae-killing ability of algae-killing water-quality purifier by particle (ion) stream is strong under action of high-frequency voltage (2000-100000 Hz, 300-10000 V).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The absorbing filter material layer is made from porous ceramic particles or attapulgite soil, or porous ceramic particles, attapulgite soil, and water sand at weight ratio of 2:2:1. The bioactivity filter material layer is made from active carbon, bamboo charcoal and water sand at weight ratio of 2:1:1. The oxidizing filter material layer is made steel slag to cinder at weight ratio of 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The chlorine dioxide is applied as sterilizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water content of mud is 0-99.5 mass%. The dosage of organic material is 62.9-80 preferably 66.7-80 mass%. The pyrolysis is processed in protective atmosphere preferably reductive atmosphere or inert atmosphere obtained by introducing carrier gas into reaction kettle. The carrier gas used by reductive atmosphere is reductive gas including hydrogen or carbon monoxide. The carrier gas used by inert atmosphere is inert gas or nitrogen. The reaction temperature of pyrolysis is 240-500, preferably 280 degrees C. The time for pyrolysis reaction is 1-100, preferably 18-20 minutes. The catalyst is added to pyrolysis reaction and mass ratio of catalyst to solid content of mud is 0-20:100, preferably 0-18:100. The catalyst is carbonate including potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfate reducing bacteria suppressor comprises sodium molybdate. The ferric salts are selected from iron dichloride, iron sulfate, ferrous nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate or ferric nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfate reducing bacteria suppressor comprises formaldehyde. The ferric salts are selected between ferrous oxalate or ferric citrate. The marsh gas fermenting raw material is selected from poultry droppings, stalks, organic waste water or organic wastes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The sulfate reducing bacteria suppressor comprises gentamicin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The flexible methane generator can be of stand-up or decumbent structure. The device adapts its own methane to heat its pot. The device also adapts the solar energy collector to heat its pot through certain superconductive liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The amine in the aqueous solution is selected from one of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, diglycolamine, piperazine or hydroxyethyl piperazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monohydric alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the microbe domestication device for purifying the sewage, the control valves of the pipelines for connecting the strain storage box and the nutrient storage box with the strain culture box and the control valves of the water intake tube and the water discharge tube are all electromagnetic valves, the electromagnetic valve of each pipeline is connected with the control system and controlled to be opened or closed by the control system automatically. The pipelines for connecting the strain storage box and the nutrient storage box with the strain culture box are further equipped with a measuring pump respectively. The upper end and the lower end in the strain culture box are equipped with a limit switch respectively and the limit switch is connected with the control system. The upper end and the lower end in the strain culture box are equipped with a limit switch respectively and the limit switch is connected with the control system. The pipeline for connecting the strain culture box with the sewage treatment pool is further equipped with an effluent pump and the effluent pump is connected with the control system through the signal circuit. The pipeline for connecting the strain culture box with the sewage treatment pool is further equipped with an effluent pump and the effluent pump is connected with the control system through the signal circuit. The pipeline for connecting the strain culture box with the sewage treatment pool is further equipped with an effluent pump and the effluent pump is connected with the control system through the signal circuit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is chosen from caustic soda, metal alkoxide, caustic potash and sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed alcohol is chosen from ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, secondary butanol and methanol. The weight ratio of vegetable oil or disposable edible oil and methanol or mixed alcohol is 1:0.03-1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (wt.%): diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (0.1-2), ethephon or paclobutrazol (0.5-2.5), chlorpyrifos (1-2.5), imidacloprid (0.05-0.08), and Aphox (RTM: Pirimicarb) (0.5-0.2). Preferred Components: The additives include auxiliary agent, filler and medicine carrier. The auxiliary agent is Nekal (RTM: alkylnaphthalenesulfonate), spreader, diffusant and silicon dioxide at wt. ratio of 3-12:2-11:1-8:4-15. The Nekal (RTM: alkylnaphthalenesulfonate) is butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt. The spreader is trisiloxane polyethenoxy ether. The diffusant is formaldehyde condensate of beta -naphthelene sulfonate. The filler is kaolin. The ratio of kaolin to auxiliary agent, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and Aphox (RTM: Pirimicarb) is 2:1:1. The medicine carrier is mixture of medical stone or sand, water and pigment at ratio of 100:2-6:0.02-0.5m where granularity of medical stone or sand is 0.5-2.5. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The agricultural waste is rice husk, wheat husk, and/or waste mushroom residue. The compost has vertical cross-section of isosceles trapezoid, bottom width of 2.5-3.0 m, top width of 1-1.5 m, and height of 1.2-1.5 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The mixture of biogas liquid and straw is prepared by mixing biogas liquid and straw at 1:0.46-0.56 ratio, where mixing time is not less than 3 minutes, and moisture content of prepared mixture is 60-70%. The dairy manure containing moisture is prepared by carrying out solar dehydration or adding straw powder or rice chaff to fresh dairy manure, or partially turning the material after fermentation, decomposition, and dehydration; and adjusting the water content of dairy manure to less than 70%. The ratio of the mixture of biogas liquid and straw to dairy manure is 1:0.54-0.65 before fermentation. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 20:30. The treatment after fermentation is post-treatment comprising elimination of impurity, separating, and crushing. Finishing comprises adding functional bacteria, trace element, solid modifying agent, and biological catalyst. The functional bacteria is Bacillus megatherium, gelatin-digesting Bacillus, B. cereus, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The petrochemical oil product is diesel, gasoline or kerosene; and emulsion fuel oil is diesel emulsion, gasoline emulsion or kerosene emulsion. The diluent, improving agent and protecting agent further can be added to emulsion fuel oil. The diluent is naphtha, kerosene or solvent oil, at 5-15 wt.% of the total weight of the emulsion fuel oil. The improving agent is ferrocene at 0.02-0.05 wt.%. The protecting agent is metal erosion inhibiting agent or rubber anti-swelling agent, at 0.01-0.05 wt.% of total weight of the emulsion fuel oil. The emulsion gasoline and improving agent further includes methyl tertiary butyl ether, at 0.5-2 wt.% of total weight of the emulsion fuel oil; as for emulsion diesel and improving agent further includes isooctyl nitrate, and additive having 0.1-0.5 wt.% of the total weight of the emulsion fuel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The raw material is covered and sealed for 3-10 days during pre-processing. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen is to 20-30:1. The pre-processed substance containing nitrogen and carbon is added into a stack retting tank, microbial bacterial fluid is added, water is injected to soak, maintained for 5-20 days, and pH is controlled to 3-5, to obtain organic acid. The organic acid is hydrolyzed as low-molecular substance to form nutritional liquid, Alternately, the pre-processed substance containing nitrogen and carbon is added into a stack retting tank, maintained at liquid state for 5-20 days, pH is controlled to 3-5, to obtain organic acid. The organic acid is hydrolyzed as low-molecular substance to form nutritional liquid. The weight ratio of inoculation fungus to nutritional liquid is 1-3:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is ferric oxide, titanium oxide or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crude aerosol liquid contains (in wt.%): water-soluble inorganic thickener (0.01-5), oxidant (1-10) as a coloring agent, silicon oil (1-10) as oil phase portion, emulsifier (0.1-10), cetanol (0.1-10) as fatty acid alcohol of high quality, ethanol (1-10) as cooling agent, skin astringent (0.1-3) and solvent. The water-soluble inorganic thickener is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, sodium magnesium silicate or their mixture. The emulsion is surfactant, triethanolamine or their mixture. The skin astringent is menthol lactate. The aerosol dispersion agent is one or more of dimethyl ether, propane, normal butane, isobutane and isopentane. The silicon oil is dimethicone, phenyl dimethicone or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The tail gas and air are firstly preheated at 260-240 degrees C by high temperature gas discharged by first catalytic burner, and then catalytically burned to generate heat. The heat transfer oil circularly flows into first catalytic burner and absorbs heat generated by burning tail gas. The heat transfer oil is heated at 290 degrees C. The heat transfer oil is dowtherm oil. The high temperature gas discharged by first catalytic burner and part of unburned tail gas and air are introduced together into second catalytic burner to catalytically burn to generate heat; and the heat transfer oil entering into first catalytic burner enters the second catalytic burner to further absorb heat. After the heat is absorbed, it returns back to first catalytic burner and flows out. The gasified methanol is used for catalytically burning in first catalytic burner. The tail gas and air respectively enters into reactor cylinder through tail gas inlet and air outlet of first catalytic burner; a sealing loop is formed from inner straight pipe to reactor array pipe under the function of air flow generated by fan blade at bottom of reactor cylinder, and catalytically burning reaction is generated in reaction array pipe; the continuously generated gas makes the concentration of hydrogen in mixed gas lower than the explosion limit; the heat released by catalytically burning reaction is taken away by heat transfer oil or heat exchanging between inner straight pipe and reaction array pipe; and the heat transfer oil flows from dowtherm oil inlet into first catalytic burner and flows out from dowtherm outlet into first catalytic burner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The outer sections of the root are pericyclic parenchyma and/or phloem part, close to the secondary cambium. The Apiaceae vegetables are carrot (Daucus carota L) taproots. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: conditioning the extracted phase to a predetermined pH comprising acidic pH of 2.5-5.5, mild acidic pH of 5.5-6.9, natural pH of 7-7.5 or mild basic pH of 7.5-10, and to a predetermined water activity; and exposing the extracted phase to 75-121 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the full-automatic plastic tank type biogas pool, the top of the shell (1) is provided with a coarse material feeding hole (5) with a sealing cover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The critical surface tension of raw material containing carbon and/or magnetic material processed by gas-liquid contact part is greater than or equal to 50 dyn/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material oil further contains petroleum-type base material obtained by purifying a crude oil. Preferred Process: The method further involves hydrogenating raw material oil using catalyst formed by supporting support containing porous inorganic oxide and metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, magnesium and element of group VIA and group VIII of periodic table under condition of hydrogen pressure of 2-13 MPa, liquid-space-velocity of 0.1-3 hours-1, hydrogen/oil ratio of 150-1500 NL/L and reaction temperature of 150-480 degrees C, and isomerizing hydrogenation-process oil obtained using catalyst formed by supporting support containing porous inorganic oxide and metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, magnesium and element of group VIII of periodic table at reaction temperature of 150-380 degrees C. The method alternately involves blending aviation fuel base material, and aviation fuel base material purified from crude oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The animal and vegetable fats contain fatty acid composition containing 10-14C fatty acid (60 %mass or more).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water supply system further has switchable oxygen supply part which adjusts operation of wastewater of first processing tank and second processing tank to aerobic conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The algae is harvested in ocean. The harvesting process is performed in dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico. The harvesting, preprocessing and drying processes are performed before the algae are transported over land and on an offshore platform or ship. The preprocessing process includes washing the algae and filtering the algae. The algae are dried without significant oxidation. The algae are reduced in milling process. The substrate includes corn products. The method further involves performing washing for removing minerals from the algae. The harvesting and drying steps occur offshore.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The pelletized bio fuel includes wood pellets. The raw food feedstock includes potatoes. The raw food feedstock includes wet masa formed from corn. Preferred Method: The method of producing a food product, further comprises: exposing the partially fried material to superheated steam to reduce its oil content; contacting the reduced oil material with exhaust gases produced by the gas turbine; the dryer vessel adapted to receive the exhaust gases from the gas turbine through a connection and adapted for receiving the feedstock.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method of producing pelletized bio fuel further comprises: providing a dryer vessel adapted to receive the exhaust gases from the gas turbine through a connection and adapted for receiving the ground bio fuel feedstock, where the connection is adapted to substantially preclude introducing air into the dryer vessel; cutting the dried material into panels. The method of producing dry powder pharmaceuticals, further comprises conveying the deposit to a dryer vessel adapted to receive the exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The dryer vessel is connected to the gas turbine through a connection that is adapted to substantially preclude introduction of air into the dryer vessel. Preferred Components: The gas turbine comprises a gas turbine generator. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen is supplied by oxygen bubble having oxygen which does not contain insoluble component in water substantially, as main constituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred System: The bioreactor is an aerated membrane bioreactor. The water treated by the bioreactor is treated by ozone prior to the first stream passing to the first utilization apparatus and the second stream passing to the reverse osmosis and ion exchange stages, where excess ozone from such treatment is passed into the bioreactor. Water treated by the bioreactor is treated by nanofiltration prior to the first stream passing to the first utilization apparatus and the second stream passing to the reverse osmosis and ion exchange stages. Water treated by the bioreactor is treated by ultra violet light prior to the first stream passing to the first utilization apparatus and the second stream passing to the reverse osmosis and ion exchange stages. Water of the second stream is treated by ultra violet light subsequent to treatment by the reverse osmosis and ion exchange stages. The system comprises means for recirculating water from the bioreactor into the headspace thereof in the form of a spray for suppressing foam in it. The first utilization apparatus is a toilet pan and the second utilization apparatus is a wash basin. A system for treating waste water comprises at least a bioreactor and an ozone treatment stage, where excess ozone from such treatment is passed into the bioreactor. The system or bioreactor is installed in a railway carriage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton-conducting structure comprises core (11) comprising tin pyrophosphate and coating layer (12) which is formed on the surface of core and contains tin and oxygen. Preferred Property: The coordination number of oxygen with respect to tin is 12 or less, preferably 6 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction of the crude biodiesel with the adsorbent is carried out at 50 degrees C. The adsorbent, based on the crude biodiesel, is added in an amount of less than 5 wt.%. The column packing is regeneratable. Preferred Components: The synthetic aluminum oxide containing component has: a specific area of more than 100 m2/g; and a pore volume of more than 0.3 ml/g, determined as cumulative pore volume according to Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method for pores having a diameter of 1.7-300 nm. The aluminum oxide containing component is a synthetic aluminosilicate, an aluminum oxide or a boehmite. The aluminosilicate exhibits a silicon content, calculated as silicon dioxide, of less than 60 wt.%. The aluminum silicate is mainly made of silicon- and aluminum- oxides, and the proportion of other metals, calculated as most stable oxides, is less than 1 wt.%. The aluminum oxide is gamma -, delta -, theta - or alpha -aluminum oxide. The adsorbent exhibits a water content of less than 5 wt.%. The adsorbent is provided in the form of a column packing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crude biodiesel contains at least one glycoside in an amount of more than 10 ppm. The glycoside is a steryl glycoside or cholesteryl glycoside. The glycoside forms a fine precipitate in the biodiesel, which exhibits an average particle size (D50) of less than 200 mu m. The biodiesel is mainly made of fatty acid ethyl esters. EXAMPLE - A crude biodiesel (500-800 g) having a non-acylated steryl glycoside content of 49 ppm, produced from soybean oil was added to Siral 40 (RTM: Aluminum oxide (75%), aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide ratio of 60:40, carbon (0.2%), ferric oxide (0.02%) and sodium oxide (0.005%)) (1 wt.%) under stirring for 20 minutes and then the adsorbent was separated by filtration using a filter paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wax is a paraffin wax. The carrier material is a natural combustible material. The carrier material comprises industrial wastes. The carrier material is wood wool or wood chips or wood wool or wood chips containing combustible material. The carrier material has an irregular surface and/or shape. The rope-like carrier material has an average diameter of 1-3 cm, preferably 2 cm. The rope-like carrier material is irregularly shaped and optionally tangled. The clew comprises two or more cord sections which are cut to length. Preferred Method: The carrier material is coated uniformly with the wax over the surface. The carrier material is sprayed with the wax. The carrier material is designed as rope-like material, twists of wood wool or wood chips. The rope-like carrier material is cut or portioned to a length of 3-10 cm. The rope like carrier material of wood wool, optionally mixed with wood chips is twisted. The rope-like carrier material is not sprayed during or immediately after twisting. The carrier material sprayed with the wax is dried, preferably immediately after spraying. The carrier material coated with wax is cut and portioned into predetermined lengths. The portioned carrier material is accumulated at least slightly.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbonaceous feed material is selected from opportunity fuels and fossil fuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodopseusomonas palustris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermentation product gas comprises hydrogen. The oxidant is selected from oxygen-enriched air and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of calcium carbonate is 75 weight% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aliphatic alcohol and glycerol are further separated from the biodiesel in the reaction mixture (a) and a reaction mixture (b) containing triglyceride as biodiesel product and aliphatic alcohol is reacted in presence of catalyst composition, and the biodiesel product is purified using ion-exchange resin. Preferred Condition: The reaction mixture (a) is continuously reacted at 50-150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The 2C+ fraction is separated to form a 2C fraction and a 3C+ fraction. The 3C+ fraction is separated to form a 3C-4C fraction and a 5C+ fraction. The 2C fraction is fed to a cracker to be converted to ethylene. The 2C fraction is combined with the 1C fraction before the 1C fraction is separated into a first fraction which is brought to a pressure of 20-40 bars and a second fraction which is brought to a pressure of 50-70 bars. In the method, 5-40% of the 1C fraction is brought to a pressure of 20-40 bars and 95-60% of the 1C fraction is brought to a pressure of 50-70 bars. The 1C fraction brought to a pressure of 20-40 bars is subjected to a steam methane reforming process, where it is reacted at the stipulated pressure with water in the presence of a catalyst at 700-1100 degrees C to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The 1C fraction brought to a pressure of 50-70 bars is subjected to a partial oxidation step where it is reacted at the stipulated pressure with oxygen to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the reversed lid, the top plane of the pinch plate (7) is shaped as flat plate or circular arc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing hydrogen, the active metal alloy contains potassium. The active metal alloy comprises a diluent selected from bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), and/or tellurium (Te). The metal hydroxide layer has a surface, and the surface is exposed to a pressure less than 10 ATM. Preferably, the pressure is atmospheric pressure. The steam has a temperature of 700-900 K. The voltage is 1.0-1.2 Volts, preferably 1.05-1.15 Volts. The voltage is selected in order to maintain the active metal alloy layer and the metal hydroxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalytic converter has a substrate element coated with an oxide selected from the group consisting of bismuth oxide, selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, arsenic oxide and manganese oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The sweet potatoes or roots are from the variety CX-1. The cuttings are approximately 10 inches in length. The cuttings are transplanted approximately 12 inches apart in plant beds approximately 38 inches apart. The plants are watered by the transplanter or by natural rainfall. The harvesting is performed after approximately 150-160 days of plantation. The fertilizing step comprises addition of approximately 45 pounds of nitrogen, approximately 110 pounds of phosphorus and potash, approximately 5 pounds of sulfur, approximately 0.4 pounds boron, approximately 10 pounds of manganese and approximately 0.1-0.2 pounds of copper/ acre. The high dry matter is 28-40%. The fuel ethanol is produced on commercial scale. The pH is adjusted with concentrated sulfuric acid. The incubation is performed for approximately 42 hours. The slurry is produced by passing through a continuous double helix blender while adding a minimal amount of water. The slurry with amylase is boiled for 90 minutes. The boiled slurry is then cooled to 50 degrees C and the pH is adjusted by adding concentrated sulfuric acid. The method incubation is performed in a fermentation tank for 36 hours. The method further involves removing final water from ethanol using molecular sieves. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of active component I and active component II is 0.1:60-60:0.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cosolvent is selected from alcohols with more than 4C, such as n-amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or n-caprylic alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, or dimethyl sulfoxide (preferably n-butyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, or N-methylpyrrolidone). The conducting agent is anionic surfactant selected from sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solvent is polyalkylnaphthalenes, first-grade oil, second-grade oil, heavy aromatic hydrocarbon, or vegetable oils such as turpentine oil, cotton seed oil, or corn oil (preferably second-grade oil or aromatic hydrocarbons with more than 10C). ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises (parts volume) n-hexane (10-20), tert-butanol (5-15), acetone (4-15) and ethyl acetate (10-20). The combustion accelerant comprises (parts volume) methyl lactate (5-10) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (5-10). The cleaning dispersant comprises (parts volume) calcium petroleum sulfonate (6-10), magnesium stearate (2-5) and magnesium isostearate (2-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water content of straws is controlled at less than 15%. The length of grains is controlled at less than 3 cm. The fineness of powdered coal grains, yellow clay grains and slaked lime grains are respectively controlled at less than 3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid acid catalyst is prepared by dissolving polyether P123 having 5700-5800 molecular weight, tri-block copolymer of formula: EO20PO70EO20 and water at not less than 40 degrees C, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to not greater than 2, adding ethyl orthosilicate as silicon source to synthesize mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15, and stirring with acid comprising phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, hydrated niobate or 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane for 24 hours, transferring resulting colloidal mixture in polypropylene bottle, crystallizing at 100 degrees C for 24 hours, vacuum filtering, washing and vacuum drying at 100 degrees C for 24 hours, and roasting at 450 degrees C for 5 hours. The solid alkali catalyst is prepared by calcining oyster shell at 600-1400 degrees C for 1-3 hours, taking out, crushing and grinding residue, mixing residue with soluble salts of alkali metals and rare earth metal at a weight ratio of 1:0.05-1:0-0.03, adding water to dissolve salts completely, stirring for 2 hours, drying, and roasting at 500 degrees C for 3-24 hours, where the alkali metals are oxides, hydroxides, organic salts or inorganic salts of sodium and/or potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The waste fat and oil with high acid values are plant oil, animal oil, waste edible oil or swill-cooked dirty oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Specie: In the Bacillus sp.E2-Y, the characteristics for the colony of the Bacillus sp.E2-Y are as follows: the colony is shown in the form of a circle, the colony is large and the edge is regular, the surface is off white and lackluster, and the colony is difficult in expending and can be corrugated; according to the observation of electronic speculum, the size of the colony is (0.7 to 0.8) micronsasterisk(2.0 to 3.0) microns, the spores are generated; the result of gram faerbung is positive, the catalase is positive, glucose is used for producing acid, and nitrate is used for reducing and generating gases. The application comprises adding the bacterial suspension obtained by culturing the Bacillus sp.E2-Y into the sewage of sterides estrogen pollutants, then culturing under the condition that the temperature is 15 to 45 degrees C, and the pH value is 4.5 to 10.5. The temperature for culturing Bacillus sp.E2-Y within the waste water is 30 degrees C and the pH is 7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of bacterial liquid of Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus, Methanolobus tindarius and Methanosaetaconcilii in the mixing bacterial liquids of the methane bacteria is 0.5-4.0:0.5-3.5:0.6-2.5:0.4-2.0:0.2-1.5. The solid methanogenic composite microbial inoculum is prepared by adding liquid methanogenic composite microbial inoculum as inoculum-sludge or pig manure as adsorbent containing 70-75% of water content. The weight ratio of the liquid methanogenic composite microbial inoculum, sludge or pig manure and liquid methane bacteria culture medium is 0.5-3.5:6.0-8.0:0.5-2.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid methane bacteria culture medium per liter contains 0.1-0.5 g of magnesium chloride, 0.5-1.0 g of ammonium chloride and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid methane bacteria culture medium per liter contains 3.0-5.0 g of sodium formate, 5.0-8.0 g of sodium acetate, 2.0-4.0 ml of methanol, 3.0-5.0 ml of 95% of ethanol and 0.5-1.0 g of dusty yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The agent is an active agent that repels or kills rodent or insect near or in the trash receptacle. The agent is an active agent that repels or kills the rodent when the rodent bites the pocket and contacts the active agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agent comprises masking agent that masks trash odor. The masking agent is fragrance chosen from mint, pine, Vanilla, Citrus, floral fragrance, and their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The deodorizer chemically neutralizes odor-producing chemical in trash liquids to reduce trash odor. The agent is unbound to the absorbent material. The agent is formed in laminate layer in the absorbent material. The absorbent pad further comprises securing device that secures the absorbent pad to the trash receptacle. The portion of the securing device is disposed on outer surface of the absorbent pad. The absorbent pad further comprises top layer positioned above the two or more absorbent layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bottom layer is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nonwoven, and their combinations. The absorbent pad further comprises top layer, where the top layer is chosen from nonwoven, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and their combinations, and the top layer is treated, coated, and/or microperforated to enhance liquid permeability. ACTIVITY - Animal Repellent; Insect Repellent; Pesticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture (C1) further comprises culturing the yeast strains under conditions where the anchoring scaffoldin, the adaptor scaffoldin comprising the cohesion domains and several dockerin-tagged cellulases associate to generate an engineered cellulosome. The cellulases are selected from endoglucanases, exoglucanases, beta -glucosidase, and xylanase. The dockerin-tagged cellulase is engineered to comprise a leader sequence for secretion of the dockerin-tagged cellulase. The leader sequence comprises an MF beta 1 leader sequence. The first strain and second strain are the same. The synthetic cellulosome comprises polypeptide selected from amino acid sequences having at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ.ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, or 8 (SEQ.ID: not defined). The designer cellulosome comprises a scaffoldin domain, a CBD, a cohesin domain, and a cellulosic material degrading enzyme. At least 50 (preferably 80)% of the carbon in the fermentation broth is in the form of cellulosic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the pressure automatic deslagging marsh gas tank, the deslagging tank (9) is connected to the slags filtering tank (11). The marsh liquid after filtration returns to the feeding tank through the outlet. The large marsh gas tank is set with a heating pipe (13) inside, which is connected to the heat source in external. The heat preserving materials can be rice hull wheat bran or oven coke. The heat preserving layer on the bottom of the marsh tank is composed of oven coke, and the heat preserving layer on the top is composed of polyphenyl board and oven coke layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The atoms of group IIIA-VIIB are platinum, ruthenium, palladium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, or iron. In the metal particles, the precursors of the Group IIIA are VIIB metal borides, preferably cobalt-boron compound of formula CoiBj.The hydrophobic group is: siloxane compound of formula SiORR1; halogen; and perfluorinated carbon compound of formula CnFmHp.The metal particles have a size of 1-100 nm.The metal particles are nanoparticles of cobalt-fluorine type (CokFk1).The metal particles are metal nanoparticles carrying a hydrophobic nano-metric layer of CF2 and CF3, or dimethylsiloxanes (SiO(CH3)2) type.R, R1 = H, alkyl, 1-30C alkenyl, or 6-30C aryl;i = 0-25;j = 1-8;n, m = less than 0;p = less than or equal to 0; andk, k1 = non zero.Preferred Method: In the method, a grafting of fluorine layer on the surface of metal particles is done by hydrofluoric acid treatment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: at least one lubricant comprising mineral oil, alkylbenzenes, polyalphaolefins, polyalkylene glycols, polyol esters and/or polyvinyl ethers; and at least one additive comprising acetates, borates, carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, nitrates, hydroxides, oxides, molybdates, bromides, bromates, chlorates, chlorides, iodides, phosphate esters, organic phosphonates, phosphonium salts, boric acid, organic boron compounds, brominated compounds, chlorinated paraffins, ammonium polyphosphates, melamines, mixtures of water with polyalkylene glycols or polyol esters, perfluorinated lubricants, fluoro ketones and/or fluoro iodo compounds. Preferred Components: The composition comprises a near-azeotropic composition comprising: HFO-1234yf (1-99 wt.%) and cyclopropane (99-1 wt.%); HFO-1234yf (1-86 wt.% or 95-99 wt.%) and propylene (99-14 wt.% or 5-1 wt.%); HFO-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and cyclopropane (1-98 wt.%); HFO-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and propane (20-98 wt.%); or HFO-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-134a (1-98 wt.%) and cyclopropane (1-98 wt.%). The composition comprises an azeotropic composition comprising: HFC-1234yf (65.4 wt.%) and cyclopropane (34.6 wt.%) at 25 degrees C and 123.8 psia; HFO-1234yf (23.9 wt.%) and propylene (76.1 wt.%) at 25 degrees C and 167.7 psia; HFO-1234yf (52.6 wt.%), HFC-152a (11.1 wt.%) and cyclopropane (36.3 wt.%) at 25 degrees C and 124.4 psia; or HFO-1234yf (18.2 wt.%), HFC-152a (27.5 wt.%) and propane (54.3 wt.%) at 0 degrees C and 76 psia. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (97); and cyclopropane (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microecologic preparation comprises (in parts weight) solid photosynthetic bacteria preparation (15.5), solid Bacillus subtilis preparation (12.5), solid brewing Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation (12), solid denitrification bacteria preparation (36) and microorganic flocculating agent (0.4). Preferred Component: The photosynthetic bacteria preparation is chosen from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus, and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The denitrification bacteria is chosen from denitrification Pseudomonas stutzeri, denitrification Thiobacillus denitrificans or Pseudomonas fluorescence. The microorganic flocculating agent is solid preparation prepared by Rhodococcus etythropolis. Preferred Properties: The living phytoplasma bacteria columnar particles have diameter of 0.3 cm and length of 0.9-1.2 cm. The spherical particles have diameter of 0.07 cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic mixture comprises (in parts weight) zeolite powder (30-50), bean pulp (35-40), and pomace (5-15). The addition amount of the organic mixture is 10-35% of the total weight of the mixed material, preferably 23.6%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant biomass includes wood fiber type substances containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquefier is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. The organic solvent used for extraction and filtering is chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene or methylbenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The waste polyester is polycarbonate resin, phenolic resin, polystyrene resin or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition further contains sulfur and raw flour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The UV blocking polymer blocks at least 70% of UV(C) energy. The UV translucent polymer transmits at least 90% of UV(C) energy. The first side of the non-woven layer is calendared and at least a portion of the thermoplastic fibers are bonded to one another. The second side of the non-woven layer is calendared. The thermoplastic fibers comprise polypropylene fibers. The non-woven layer further comprises a woven layer embedded by the non-woven fibers. The first side of the non-woven layer has a contact angle with water greater than 90 degrees . The odor mitigation layer further comprises activated carbon. The titanium dioxide has a surface area of at least 40 m2/g. The UV blocking polymer comprises silicone. The UV translucent polymer comprises polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of copper and alumina in the mixture of copper and alumina is 10-30 weight% and 90-70 weight%, respectively. Preferred Process: The mixture of copper and alumina is obtained by coprecipitation method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of mixture of copper and alumina with respect to 100 parts weight of biomass is 5-30 parts weight. The biomass is timber biomass or paper biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The sulfated strain is Acidithiobacillus thioxidans.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves isolating carboxylic acid in the saccharification liquid. The biomass is candy, starch and lignocelluloses. The step (b) is performed using microorganisms chosen from Bacillus, yeast, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Anaeromyxobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhodococcus, Saccharomyces, Streptomyces, Thermus, Thermotoga, Thermoanaerobacter and Zymomonas. The method further involves using catalyst in step (c).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is chosen from alloy or oxide of metals (rhenium, chromium, ruthenium, silver, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, iridium, zinc, palladium, tin, titanium and osmium), zirconia-titania, and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (3) is 2-ethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-methylpyrazine, 2-ethylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3-diethylpyrazine, 2,6-diethylpyrazine and/or tetramethylpyrazine. Preferred Definitions:    R1=methyl, ethyl or propyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The addition amount of cellulase is 4-20 FPU/g of solid matter. The enzymolysis reaction is carried out for 12-72 hours at 40-50 degrees C. The cellulase is Spezyme CP (RTM: cellulase). The red yeast is Phaffia rhodozyma. The propagation is used for propagating the red yeast by test-tube slope, shake flask and seed tank to obtain red yeast seed liquid with more than 106 cells in 1 ml of liquid. The seed culture medium adopts YPD culture medium, which is composed of 20 g/L of glucose, 10 g/L of yeast extract, 20 g/L of peptone and 1000 ml of distilled water. The inoculum concentration is 5-10%. The drying step is spray drying or freeze drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filled towers are stored with absorption liquid such as ethanolamine, diethanol amine, triethanolamine, N-methyl diethanol amine, diisopropanolamine or diglycolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The treating step comprises a process of irradiation, sonication, pyrolysis, and oxidation. The screw extrusion process is used to reduce the dimensions of the biomass and to change the molecular structure of the biomass. The biomass undergoes a chemical reaction during the screw extrusion process. The primary process comprises fermentation. The primary process is performed after the screw extrusion process. The treatment method comprises: irradiation and/or sonication; and irradiation with ionizing radiation; irradiating using two or more different radiation sources. The treatment method is performed on the biomass while the biomass is exposed to air or air enriched with an oxidizing gas. The treatment method comprises irradiating with electron beam radiation, where the electron beam radiation is applied at a total dosage of 10-150 Mrad. The treatment method is performed during the screw extrusion process. The change in molecular structure of the biomass feedstock is changes in level of recalcitrance, average molecular weight, average crystallinity, surface area, degree of polymerization, porosity, degree of branching, degree of grafting, domain size of the biomass and molecular make-up of the biomass. The converting step comprises fermenting the material. The method for making product further comprises: during the screw extrusion process, contacting the biomass with a chemical; and size-reducing the material by freeze grinding. Preferred Components: The microorganism comprises a bacterium or yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support comprises ceramic, steel, silicon carbide, and a material containing more than 90% of carbon as the amorphous carbon or graphite, where the carbon material is obtained from a gasification process of the biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (55-75 (preferably 60-70) wt.%), difluoromethane (5-40 (preferably 10-30) wt.%) and at least one compound (5-40 (preferably 10-30) wt.%) comprising propane, propylene or ethylene. Preferred Components: The first and the second heat exchanger are refrigerant fluid or refrigerant air. The first and second type exchangers are liquid refrigerant using a secondary circuit for transmitting energy to the air for the cabin. Preferred Method: The refrigeration loop is thermally coupled with the cooling circuit of the thermal motor. The first heat exchanger is crossed by both the refrigerant and exhaust gas from the engine of the vehicle. The loop can include at least one heat exchanger thermally communicating with air flow, to be allowed inside the thermal motor of the vehicle or with exhaust gases from the combustion car engine. The refrigeration loop is installed in vehicles for recovering energy from the thermal engine and/or electrical battery. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (70); difluoromethane (25); and propane (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (60-70 wt.%), difluoromethane (10-30 wt.%) and at least one compound (10-30 wt.%) comprising propane, propylene or ethylene. Preferred Components: The first and the second heat exchanger are refrigerant fluid or refrigerant air. The first and second type exchangers are liquid refrigerant using a secondary circuit for transmitting energy to the air for the cabin. Preferred Method: The refrigeration loop is thermally coupled with the cooling circuit of the thermal motor. The first heat exchanger is crossed by both the refrigerant and exhaust gas from the engine of the vehicle. The loop can include at least one heat exchanger thermally communicating with air flow, to be allowed inside the thermal motor of the vehicle or with exhaust gases from the combustion car engine. The refrigeration loop is installed in vehicles for recovering energy from the thermal engine and/or electrical battery. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (70); difluoromethane (25); and propane (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first and the second heat exchanger are refrigerant fluid or refrigerant air. The first and second type exchangers are refrigerant liquid/fluid using a secondary circuit for transmitting energy to the air for the cabin. The refrigeration loop is thermally coupled with the cooling circuit of the thermal motor. The first heat exchanger is crossed by both the refrigerant fluid and exhaust gas from the engine of the vehicle. The loop can include at least one heat exchanger thermally communicating with air flow, to be allowed inside the thermal motor of the vehicle or with exhaust gases from the combustion car engine. The refrigeration loop is installed in vehicles for recovering energy from the thermal engine and/or electrical battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refrigerant fluid comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (40-80 wt.%) and the compound (20-60 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is ruthenium. The A-site portion of perovskite-type complex oxide is barium, and B'-site portion of perovskite-type complex oxide is cerium. The ammonia decomposition catalyst contains ruthenium-containing metal oxide of formula: AB'1-xRuxO3 (II) or A1-xRuxB'O3 (III), and further contains strontium, barium, potassium, rhodium and/or cesium as promoter.x=0.01-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The reactor has portion which oxidizes ammonia diffused from fermented liquid which is obtained by carrying out by fermentation of ammonia in gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Waste gas is discharged from reaction apparatus after discharging fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The inoculating the biological material with the FeRB involves inoculating a volume of the biological material with the FeRB in an amount of 10 vol.% of the biological material and where the treating of the biological material involves adjusting the volume of the biological material with at least 100 mM of the Fe(III) source. The source of Fe(III) is provided in an amount effective to control an odor in the biological material, to promote oxidation of the VFA in the biological material. Preferred Components: The FeRB comprises at least one member of Geobacteraceae that is able to couple the oxidation of an electron donor to the reduction of a source of Fe(III). The FeRB comprises at least one bacteria selected Geobacter metallireducens, Geobacter humireducens, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Geobacter grbiciae, Geothrix fermentans, Geovibrio ferrireducens, and Geobacter strain NU (preferably Geobacter strain NU).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source of Fe(III) is selected from ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric nitrilotriacetic acid and/or other Fe+3 salts. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The insecticide is prepared by soaking mountain pepper in 2 times water for 24 hours, squeezing and filtering the liquid supernatant to obtain capsaicin extract; soaking tea seed oil cake in 2 times 60% ethanol for 6 hours at 60 degrees C, and filtering the liquid supernatant to obtain tea saponin extract; extracting red-knees herb for 30 minutes with 49 times water, and filtering the liquid supernatant; and mixing the capsaicin extract, tea saponin extract and liquid supernatant at ratio of 1:1:2, and adding preservative. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The core bacterium of the microbial inoculum is a physiological small bacterium belonging to Sporotrichum thermophile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Water is added according to a standard that the weight is 200% of the dry weight of the litter. Urea is added according to the calculated C/N ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The animal manure is mixture of pig manure, chicken manure and deer manure at vol. ratio of 6:3:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The animal dejection including fresh pig manure and crushed straws or other crop straws are uniformly mixed at mass ratio of 2-8:1. The water content of compost material is 60-65%. The high-temperature composting is executed at temperature of less than or equal to 70 degrees C. The passivant comprises (kg): zeolite (8-15), fly ash (10-15) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (5-10), where passivant (20-35 kg) is added to compost material (1000 kg). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The conditioner comprises calcium chloride (15-20 kg), calcium superphosphate (10-15 kg) and zeolite (3-8 kg), where above materials are crushed and pass through sieve of 10-100 meshes after materials are mixed, simple high-temperature composting treatment is carried out by turning or forcedly ventilating at less than or equal to 70 degrees C, and every 1000 kg of compost material with water content is added with 25-40 kg of the conditioner. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalytic dewaxing conditions are selected to reduce the wt.% of n-paraffin in the feedstream by more than 90%. The catalytic dewaxing conditions include a temperature of 280-380 degrees C, a total pressure of 300-3000 Psig, liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV) of 0.1-5 per hour and a treat gas rate of 500-5000 standard cubic feet per barrel (scf/bbl). The hydrotreating conditions include exposing the feed to a catalyst including at least one hydrogenation metal at 315-425 degrees C, pressure of 300-3000 Psig, preferably less than 400 Psig, LHSV of 0.2-10 per hour and hydrogen treat rate of 500-10000 scf/bbl. The method further comprises stripping the hydrotreated feedstream before dewaxing. The hydrotreated feedstream is cascaded to the dewaxing step without intermediate separation. Preferred Components: The feed is substantially based on or consists of biocomponent feedstreams. The biocomponent portion includes at least one of vegetable fat, animal fat, fish fat or algae fat or their oils. The n-paraffin content of the initial feedstream is at least 80 wt.%. The diesel fuel comprises at least 30, preferably at least 70 wt.% of material having a biocomponent origin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the superheated gas is heated to 1000-1500 (preferably 1000-1200) degrees F. The method (M1) further involves vaporizing the volatiles sufficiently fast to activate the carbon; co-mingling the activated carbon and volatiles; cooling the non-recycled portion of the volatiles; compressing the cooled volatiles; recycling a portion of the volatiles to a burner, where the burner indirectly superheating the volatiles of the fluidized bed; directing superheated gas through the fluidized bed converts the feedstock into volatiles and activated carbon; separating the feedstock from volatiles and activated carbon as the feedstock converts to volatiles and activated carbon; separating the volatiles and activated carbon from the feedstock using the superheated gas to effectuate the separation; and allowing cleaning of the volatiles using the activated carbon to form clean natural gas and activated carbon, such cleaning starting at least as early as when the volatiles and activated carbon are leaving the fluidized bed and continuing through completion. Preferred Components: The superheated gas is natural gas. The natural gas is clean natural gas, or medium BTU natural gas. The clean natural gas is recycled. The feedstock comprises at least one member selected from coal, municipal solid waste, sewage, wood waste, biomass, paper, plastics, hazardous waste, tar, pitch, activated sludge, rubber tires and oil-based residue. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The fermentation process is carried out by supplying air from the downward direction of the deposit. Predetermined amount of air is supplied to accelerate the fermentation to obtain the raw fuel. Air of predetermined amount is again supplied and the fermentation is suppressed. The fermentation is carried out for 5-7 days supplying 1-10% of air per minute. The deposit is cooled after fermentation for 1-2 days and 20-300% of air per minute is supplied. The base material is crushed to 100 mm or less. The fermented material is crushed to 20 mm or less and supplied to the cement burner. Preferred Composition: The deposit contains biomass which is hard to decompose, and easily decomposable biomass. The accumulation height of the deposit is 1.5-2.5 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The processing system of organic waste further includes a nitrogen compound removal component provided between methane fermentation tank and fermentation-liquid modification component, and which removes nitrogen compound from fermentation liquid. Preferred Process: In the methane fermentation tank, methane fermentation treatment is performed at high temperature of 60 degrees C or more. In the fermentation-liquid modification component, lactic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria. The processing of organic waste involves recovering ammonia from the fermentation liquid between primary fermentation process and secondary fermentation process. In the modification method of fermentation liquid, fermentation process which improves the water retention is performed by lactic acid fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. The lactic acid bacteria are microbes which performs homolactic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aromatic diamine contains 2,2-di(3 amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluoropropane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenyl methane diamine, 2,2-di(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether. The aromatic dianhydride contains 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-triphenyl diether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-hexafluorinisopropylidene-phthalic anhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2',4,5'-pyromellitic anhydride and 3,3',4,4'-diphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The polar solvent contains N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, phenol, cresol, parachlorophenol, 1,2,4-trichlorobene, orthodichlorobenzene, diacetone alcohol and mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methyl. The dehydrating agent contains acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride and valeric acid anhydride. The catalyst contains pyridine, triethylamine and isoquinoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The acidic granular catalyst fixed bed layer loaded in the counterflow reaction filling tower is a formed acidic MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve, formed oxide solid super-strong acid, acidic cation exchange resin, or acidic catalyst loaded granular active carbon. The formed oxide solid super-strong acid is zirconia solid super-strong acid, titanium oxide solid super-strong acid, or tin oxide solid super-strong acid. The acidic catalyst loaded granular active carbon is sodium bisulfate loaded granular active carbon or p-toluene sulfonic acid loaded granular active carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, or butanol. The plant or animal grease is acidified oil, hogwash oil, and oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the nitrogen source of phenol liquid cultivation medium in step (a) is ammonium nitrate with concentration of 500-1500 mg/L or a substrate with concentration of 500-1500 mg/L. The other chemical base components in the liquid cultivation medium in step (a) comprise: 0.5-1.5 g/L nitrate; 0.1-1 g/L sodium chloride; 0.2-0.8 g/L potassium hydrogen phosphate tetrahydrate (K2HPO4.3H2O); 0.2-0.8 g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O); 0.005-0.015 g/L ferric sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O). The cultivation temperature in step (b) is 20-40 degrees C, the cultivation time is 7-21 hours, and the repeated cultivation is 3-10 times. The hatching temperature of the LB liquid cultivation medium in step (c) is 15-35 degrees C, the hatching time is 12-36 hours. The cultivation temperature in step (c) is 20-40 degrees C, the cultivation time is 7-21 days and the repeated cultivation is 3-10 times. The hatching temperature of coated strain in the selective solid cultivation medium in step (c) is 15-35 degrees C, the hatching time is 12-36 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The wood fiber raw material is selected from rice straw, corn stock, corn stalk, euphrasy or bagasse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The B.braunii is B.braunii strain A, B.braunii strain B or B.braunii strain L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrocarbons are extracted through supercritical fluid extraction with liquid hydrocarbon solvents or through high pressure pressing. The liquid hydrocarbon solvent is hexane. The extracted hydrocarbons are processed by catalytic cracking or pyrolysis. The hydrocarbons have carbon chain length of 5-60 carbons, preferably 20-45 carbons. The method further involves subjecting the liquid biofuel to catalytic conversion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The dehydrated carbonized material is washed with water and carbonized ground material is recovered. Pressurization of carbonized material slurry is carried out for predetermined time after boiling is carried out under predetermined pressure. The pressurized slurry is dehydrated and washed with water, and carbonized ground material is recovered. The weight ratio of ground material in carbonized material slurry is 10-50%. The carbonized material is obtained by carrying out carbonization of organic material or waste material (2). Preferred Apparatus: The demineralizer has a washing apparatus for washing dehydrated carbonized material, pressurization unit for pressurizing carbonized material slurry, and carbonization apparatus (1) for carbonizing organic material or waste material, provided at upstream of wet grinding mill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid material having ferromagnetic properties is zeolite L crystals, silica-based nanoparticles or metal oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal complex tetrapyrrole derivative is metal complex tetrapyrrole derivative comprising porphyrin, benzo porphyrin, phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine or its derivatives. The aromatic organic solvent is toluene or 1-chloro-naphthalene. Preferred Method: The heating process is carried out at 90-220 degrees C for 2-24 hours. The mixture is at least one of heated and agitated. The solid material is loaded with a DXP dye. The photo-sensitizing nanomaterial is functionalized with amino groups. The metal complex tetrapyrrole derivative is covalently bonded to surface of solid material by a covalent bond. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The chimeric regulatory molecule is isolated from genomic DNA of Zea mays. Preferred Molecule: The regulatory element is a promoter, its fragment, or their complement. The regulatory element is an enhancer or leader. The chimeric molecule comprises (a) a base sequence having a 1554, 1598, 778, 2962, 2142, 3454, 2634, 2102, 1282 or 2699 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11-19, or 20) fully defined in the specification, or (b) base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or 21. The element, its fragment or their cis element comprises (a) base sequence having a base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5-20 or 21, (b) base sequence capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions with base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5-20 or 21, or their complementary sequence, or (c) base sequence exhibiting 80% or 90% or more homology to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5-20 or 21, or their complementary sequence. Preferred Construct: The gene regulatory element molecule comprises a polynucleotide molecule chosen from base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5-21. The polynucleotide molecule comprises a base sequence exhibiting 80% or more homology with a base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5-20 or 21. The gene regulatory element molecule is operably linked to a transcribable polynucleotide molecule. The transcribable polynucleotide molecule is a gene of agronomic interest. Preferred Plant: The plant cell is obtained from a monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plant. The plant is a monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plant. Preferred Method: The stress is further described as water deficit. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powder is mixture, which comprises titanium powder, triple superphosphate, talcum powder and wollastonite in weight ratio of (10-15):(2-4):(5-8):(2-4). The cation generating material is tourmaline powder of linzhou rock mineral powder factory. The nanometer silicon dioxide is selected from HN-1 of Shandong China high technology material limited or JY100 of Anhui Jinhe nanometer material limited.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl acetate emulsion (VAE) is selected from CP149, CP147 and CP143 of American celanese, or BJ-707 or BJ-705 of organic chemical factory of Beijing Dongfang petrochemical company. The insecticide is selected from thiamethoxam WS70, thiamethoxam FS350 or thiamethoxam FS600 (FSS) of Jiangsu Jinghong chemical industry. The film-forming additive is selected from Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate), alcohol ester-12 of Honghu chemical industry and glycol phenyl ether of Dow chemical company. The dispersant is selected from SN5040 of nuopuke, XL 260 of cytec or SB 10 of clarian. The antifoaming agent is selected from CF245 of blake, OF-291 of aolaide, or SN-defoamer 328 of nubuke.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The biomass is root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit of plant, animal carcass, excrement, or garbage of carbohydrate. The largest grain diameter of biomass is lower than 50 mm. The external fuel is combustible gas and/or fuel oil. The oxidant is air, oxygen, a mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide, or a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: (In g) Magnesium chips (15) are taken in a flask. Chloropropene (24.5) is added to the flask-containing magnesium chips, acidified with sulfuric acid, washed with salt water and then dried using sodium sulfate.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-caking agent comprises (wt.%) solution of organic modifier (0.1) comprising hydrocarbon compound, grease, silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminic ester coupling agent, aluminum zirconium coupling agent, organic sulfo acid or salt, organic carboxylic acid or salt, organic sulfate or salt, organic amine, quat. ammonium salt, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and/or polyacrylate or copolymer, and powder material (99.9) at 50-3000 mesh comprising calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, titanium, calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, powdered rock phosphate, magnesium oxide, diatomite and/or fly ash, prepared by wet mixing uniformly at 20-100 degrees C, dehydrating, drying and crushing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The carbon source includes soybean flour, albumen powder, Indian meal and/or peanut powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ammonium salt is diammonium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium chloride. The soluble magnesium salt is magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate and/or magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is wild rice shoot, Acorus calamus, cattail, rush, Iris ensata, Canna or reed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate layer is one or mixture of gravel, macadam, coal slag, sand and field soil. The unit is an anti-leakage pool body structure made of reinforced concretes or bricks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is primary or secondary alcohol. The fats and oils are vegetable oil and fat, animal fat and oil, fish oil, or microorganisms fats and oils. The enzyme is lipase. Preferred Process: The method involves adding alcohol in ratio of 0.1-5 mole equivalence with respect to amount of all fatty acids in fats and oils containing glyceride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The phosphatase is chosen from non-specific phosphohydrolase and phytase. The phosphate-rich material comprises animal manure, preferably poultry manure. The phosphatase comprises a 245 amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The enzyme exhibiting phosphatase activity comprises an amino acid sequence that is substantially homologous to SEQ ID NO: 2. Preferred System: The several bacteria comprises Rahnella sp. Y9602. The system further comprises a contaminant treatment chamber comprising a contaminant, where the system for the production of reactive phosphate is in fluid communication with the contaminant treatment chamber, and the reactive phosphate group liberated by the enzymatic activity of at least one bacterium expressing a phosphatase reacts with the contaminant to precipitate the contaminant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: In the system above, the one or more wind machines comprise one or more vertical-axis wind machines; or the one or more wind machines comprise one or more horizontal-axis wind machines. The one or more wind machines are configured and arranged to produce about 1 Mega Watt of power. The ship is a multi-hull ship. It is a catamaran. The electrolysis tank comprises cells, each including a pair of electrolysis plates. It comprises an electrolyte, where the electrolyte comprises sodium chloride. The hydrogen storage system comprises a high-pressure pipe with one or more pipe sections. It also comprises an inlet/outlet valve. The hydrogen storage system comprises a partition element, where the partition element comprises a hydrogen storage alloy. Preferred Method: The method further comprises supplying water to the tank, where the water comprises salt water or fresh water. The method also comprises locating the vessel within a tropical depression to reduce wind severity; storing hydrogen in a container; and evacuating oxygen from the container prior to storing hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The fermentation residue is dried using exhaust heat of biomass gasifier, and/or biogas.
Preferred Definition:    A=2,2'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylether when the amino group is removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The thermally-conductive component has the shape of flat plate or circular tube. A cooler (5) is provided on the surface of thermally-conductive component. The reformer is further provided with a heat exchanger. The flow path is a metal. A heater (3) is installed in the flow path. The thermally-conductive component is a clad material having aluminum layer provided on aluminum or non-aluminum material surface, and an anodized film formed on the surface. The reformer utilizes the waste heat of generator or power engine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compound containing carbon in a molecule is carbon monoxide or carbonyl sulfide. The catalyst layer consists of metal supported on a support. The metal is cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, iron, zinc, vanadium, platinum, palladium, gold, rhodium, iridium, cerium, ruthenium and/or lanthanum. The support is a composite consisting of two or more of alumina, titania, zirconium oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, and cobalt oxide, or alumina, zinc oxide, silica, zirconium oxide, or diatomaceous earth. The anodized film contains alumina subjected to boehmite treatment and baked, after enlargement of surface pore. The surface pore is filled with alumina, zinc oxide, silica, and/or zirconium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The advertisement is printed on the outer surface of the vehicle. The purified alkylester is uniformly heated during mixing such that unsaturated fatty acid in the alkylester is not oxidized at preset temperature, and dissolved. The alkylester is diluted to a preset weight ratio with light oil such that the temperature of liquid mixture does not become lower than clogging point during mixing. The alkylester melted at preset temperature is mixed with light oil at atmospheric temperature. Solid substance and/or moisture content are removed from the waste edible oil by gravity separation. Transesterification is carried out using a non-oxidation catalyst. A container is filled with purified alkylester and seal-stored in solidified state. The alkylester is dissolved before the processing process by heating from the outside of the container in sealed state.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The non-oxidation catalyst is potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is methyl alcohol. The waste edible oil is vegetable oil, animal fats and oils, or palm oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The shock-like pressure and temperature treatment of biomass is carried out in successively arranged reaction chambers of a tube-like reactor. In the pressure-/temperature controlled reaction chamber, a pressure of 10-60 bar and a temperature of 150-300 degrees C are maintained and in the subsequent reaction chambers, low pressure condition is observed. The shock-like treatment of biomass can be optionally repeated for several times, where the pressure and temperature lie above the pressure and temperature of the previous treatment steps. The resulting solid residues exhibit a high absorption capacity. The solid residues are partially provided with active ingredients and further processed to absorbent materials (22), fertilizer substrates (20) or solid energy carriers (21) in the form of fuel pellets. Bioactive coal (23) is produced from the obtained solid residues by further temperature and/or pressure effect. EXAMPLE - No suitable examples given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further consists of a reaction container connected to the gas derivation portion, and filled with the catalyst, gas introducing portion (6) which introduces the produced gas into the reaction container, and gas derivation portion which derives the decarboxylated gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst consists of acid site comprising the solid acid catalyst poisoned with alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal. The solid catalyst contains FCC catalyst. The catalyst contains carbon obtained by heating the carbonized material derived from the extraction raw material remaining after manufacture of biodiesel fuel within the reaction container in oxygen environment. The carbon is activated and comprises active coke, alumina, silica, magnesium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, clay mineral, non-acidic type zeolite modified with alkali and/or their composites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An extraction raw material is used instead of the fats-and-oils. The molar ratio of water vapor and fats-and-oils during the decarboxylation reaction is 1/10-10/1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mole ratio of the iodine monochloride to methane is 0.1-5. The concentration of the sulfuric acid is 98-100 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 100-300 degrees C and 2-8 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of iodine monobromide and methane is 0.1:5. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 98-100 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 100-300 degrees C and 2-8 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica is non-crystalline. The silica is present at 10-50 (preferably 15-30) wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is present at 50-90 (preferably 70-85) wt.%. The paraffins are present in excess of 50 (preferably excess of 90) wt.%. The light paraffins of the product stream contain isobutane, isopentane, and hexane isomers. The light paraffins of the product stream contain at least 40 (preferably at least 70) wt.% of 3-6C isoparaffins. Preferred Process: The hydrocarbon feed stream is contacted with the composition at 50-100 degrees C (preferably 70-95 degrees C), at a pressure of 25-650 (preferably 150-300) psig, and at a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-3 (preferably 0.25-1) hour-1. In the process, at least 10 (preferably at least 20) wt.% of the paraffins are converted to the light paraffins. Preferred Definitions:    A = (CH3)3NH+; and    B1 = Al2Cl7-, AlCl4- and/or Al3Cl10-.    EXAMPLE - Aluminum chloride (7.38 g) was mixed with trimethylammonium chloride (2.71 g) to form an ionic liquid. Silica spheres (1.98 g) having a surface area of greater than 400 m2/g, a pore volume of 3 cc/g, and an average pore diameter of 308 degrees A were added to the ionic liquid along with inert support Alundum (RTM: Alumina) (17.01 g) to form a mixture. The mixture was then charged to a reactor. A n-heptane feed was charged to the reactor at 90 degrees C, 300 psig and varying liquid hourly space velocities to give lower molecular weight paraffins and isoparaffins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method, the compound is employed in an area comprising wood and/or soil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound applied is d-linalool. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the compound is 20-600 (preferably 75-300) ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises cobalt, boron and oxygen, and is cobalt borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The n-type-semiconductor layer has group chosen from oxide, nitride and oxynitride, and contains anatase-type titanium oxide and rutile-type titanium dioxide. In the surface-near-field area, the abundance ratio of anatase-type titanium oxide is higher than the abundance ratio of rutile-type titanium dioxide. In the joint surface near-field area, the abundance ratio of rutile-type titanium dioxide is higher than the abundance ratio of anatase-type titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves modifying the expression of the gene encoding fatty acid synthase in the host cell. The method involves expressing the gene encoding a thioesterase in the host cell. The method further involves expressing gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase in the host cell. The host cell is genetically engineered to express attenuated level of fatty acid degradation enzyme with respect to wild type host cell. The fatty acid degradation enzyme is acyl-CoA synthase. The method further involves modifying the expression of the gene encoding a fatty acid synthase in the host cell. The host cell is chosen from mammalian cell, plant cell, insect cell, yeast cell, fungus cell, filamentous fungi cell and bacterial cell. The fatty alcohol is isolated from the extracellular environment of the host cell. The fatty alcohol comprises C6-C26 fatty alcohol. The fatty alcohol is C6, C8, C10, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, or C18 fatty alcohol. The hydroxyl group is in the primary (C1) position. The fatty alcohol is unsaturated fatty alcohol or saturated fatty alcohol. The unsaturated fatty alcohol is C10:1, C12:1, C14:1, C16:1 or C18:1. The fatty alcohol is unsaturated at omega -7 position. The unsaturated fatty alcohol comprises cis double bond. The method further involves culturing the host cell in the presence of at least one biological substrate for the polypeptide. The substrate is fatty acid. Preferred Surfactant: In the surfactant the fatty alcohol has delta 13C of -15.4 or more. The fatty alcohol has fM14C of at least 1.003. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The charge of biological origin comprises at least one vegetable oil comprising palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, algal oil or a mixture of two or more of oils. The charge of biological origin further comprises at least one oil comprising palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, corn oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, pine oil, or peanut oil. The charge of petroleum origin is: diesel fraction from the direct distillation of a crude petroleum; diesel fraction from various conversion processes including catalytic cracking and viscosity reduction, distillates from vacuum distillation, including vacuum gas oil; diesel fraction from the conversion process; and residues from the direct distillation of a crude oil, preferably atmospheric distillation. The hydrocarbon charge comprises a charge content of biological origin of vegetable oils and/or animal fats of less than or equal to 30 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 10 wt.% with respect to the total weight of the hydrocarbon charge. Preferred Process: The splitting step is carried out by adding a separation column or by lateral sidestream. The charge of biological origin is mixed with the charge of petroleum origin before its introduction into the hydrotreatment reactor or hydrocracking reactor. The charge of petroleum origin is injected into a first catalytic area of the hydrotreatment unit or hydrocracking unit and the biological charge is injected into a second catalytic area of hydrotreating or hydrocracking unit, located in downstream of the first catalytic area. The process comprises treatment of recycle gas, in which the carbon monoxide present in the recycle gas is treated and separated from recycle gas before its injection in the hydrotreating or hydrocracking reactor. The process comprises carrying out an isomerization step of the kerosene fraction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic dopant is selected from oxide, orthophosphate or condensed phosphate, polyacid, polyacid salt or its hydrate, silicate, sulfate, selenite and arsenide, preferably oxide, orthophosphate or condensed phosphate polyacid or polyacid salt, preferably silica, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, boron phosphate, zirconium phosphate, zirconium hydrogen phosphate, zirconium hydrogen phosphate or titanium hydrogenphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microporous film is organic microporous film or inorganic microporous film, preferably polymer film, ultrathin ceramic film or ultrathin molecular sieve film, fluorocarbon polymer film, ultrathin silica film, titanium dioxide film, zirconium oxide film or porous glass film. The solvent is one or mixture of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethylphosphoramideacetone, water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl carbinol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propanetriol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ignition unit comprise flame-proof component for preventing entry of flame into combustion portion. The fuel is chosen from hydrogen, alkane compound, vinyl compound, alkyne compound, ether compound and ketone compound, preferably propane or butane, and has flash point of 25 degrees C or less. The combustion portion comprises combustion catalyst. The recombination raw material comprises methanol and water. The reaction portion comprises recombination catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The 0.1-5 parts weight of microbial preparation is added with respect to 100 parts weight of base material. The fermentation is carried out at 50-70 degrees C for 2-5 days. The fermented base material is added on the ground of the poultry house such that the height of the base material is 30-80 cm, and the poultry is raised on the base material, where the temperature of the poultry house is 15-35 degrees C and using time of the base material is 100-900 days. The base material comprises (in wt.%) straw stalks (10-30), rice hulls (20-30), saw dust (35-50) and rice bran (10-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (wt.%) humic acid (10%), validamycin (4%), ethiofencarb (85%), and imidacloprid (7%). ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material coal is lignitous coal, blind coal, or soft coal. Preferred Conditions: A pre-oxidation process of adding pulverized coal into heating furnace and heating to 300-500 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, is carried out before mixing pulverized coal with adhesive and water. Activation can also be activation by carbon dioxide, and/or low-emission chemical activation. Secondary vapor activation can be carried out before discharge process, by using vapor at 700-800 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, at a vapor flow different from primary activation. The adhesives are starch, honey, coal tar, polyethylene glycol, and/or acrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The special medicine beads containing szechuan lovage rhizome, Angelica, root of red-rooted salvia, red flower, Achyranthes bidentata, stiff silkworm, benzoin, Cassia occidentalis, buffalo horn powder, Schisandra, divaricate saposhnikovia root, Uncaria, mulberry leaf, wild rhizoma gastrodiae, wild lucid ganoderma, Matouling (a traditional Chinese herbal medicine), white peony root, Apocynum venetum, root of kudzu vine, hawthorn slices, radix angelicae pubescentis, rhizoma seu radix notopterygii, cicada slough, Dendranthema morifolium, root bark of the peony tree, Lithospermum, honeysuckle, fructus forsythiae, largetrifoliolious bugbane rhizome, peppermint and radix bupleuri are filled in the medicine bags. The medicine bags are distributed between upper and lower woven layers according to the positions of acupuncture points on the rear part of human head such as Jingbailao, t'ien chu, Tianyou, Yifeng, Fengfu, Naohu, Fengchi, Fubai and Yuzhen. The medicine bag has diameter of 20 mm and thickness of 30 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The first riser is operated at 100-150 degrees C. The second riser is operated at 200-350 degrees C. The first product, second product and third product are blended together to form final product comprising components consisting of ethane, propane, butane and hydrocarbons boiling in range of naphtha, jet fuel, diesel, and/or heating oil. The solid biomass is contacted with catalyst by agitation in gas flow resulting in intimate contact between solid biomass and catalyst. The heavy fraction of second product is separated from second product and charged along with second biomass-catalyst mixture to third riser for conversion to lighter hydrocarbons. The heavy fraction of third product is separated from third product and recycled to third riser for conversion to lighter hydrocarbons. The portion of regenerated catalyst is recycled to first riser with or without intermediate cooling. The second biomass-catalyst mixture comprises liquefied biomass feedstock resulting from conversion of at least a portion of solid biomass contained in first biomass-catalyst mixture. The portion of hemicellulose is converted to hydrocarbons in first riser. The portion of cellulose is converted to hydrocarbons in second riser. The portion of lignin is converted to hydrocarbons in third riser.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is catalytic metal, refractory oxide, clay, hydrotalcite, crystalline aluminosilicate, and/or layered hydroxyl salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid biomass comprises hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The active carbon in active carbon layer is granulated with size of 10-80 (preferably 10-60) meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the culture medium for the fermentation of the yeast in (a) is yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) culture medium, in which a substrate with a concentration of 0.02-1% and a surfactant with a concentration of 1-10% can be added for taming the yeast to enhance the tolerance and conversion activity of the cell to the substrate and product. The conversion method in (c) uses one or more non-ionic surfactant solution to form a cloud point system and adding the cloud point system to the conversion system to use as the medium for the bioconversion; the concentration of the surfactant is 1-10%; and the surfactant is Triton X-114, or Triton X-114: Triton X-100 is 9:1 to 1:9, or Triton X-114: Triton X-45 is 9:1 to 1:9. The concentration of the substrate in the conversion method of (c) is 2-12 mu l/ml. The coagulating phase in (d) can be directly sampled for HPLC test. The resting cell can be recycled for many times in the conversion process of multiple substrates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The processed seaweed is prepared by fermenting photosynthetic Rhodopseudomonas palustris and seaweed slurry. The auxiliary material is a mixture prepared using raw materials comprising (in %mass) sand (15-25), mineral powder (10-15), wood fiber (25-35), zeolite powder (10-15), wheat husk (1-3) and bean pulp (1-3). The additive is a mixture prepared using raw materials comprising (in wt.%) molasses (2-5), water (10-15), salt (0.01-0.03) and amino acid (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The secondary catalyst used during preparation of 3-13C higher hydrocarbon is obtained by supporting active metal compound precursor on carrier, drying and calcinating. Preferred Component: The metal compound precursor is chosen from chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, oxalate and acetate of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, cerium, vanadium, tungsten, cadmium, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, and lanthanum. The silicon precursor is chosen from silicon chloride, orthosilicate or silica sol. The active metal compound precursor is chosen from chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, oxalate and acetate of zinc or magnesium. The carrier is chosen from HZSM-5, HY, H( beta ), 3A, 4A, 5A or 13X molecular sieves. The secondary catalyst is chosen from ruthenium chloride, rhodium chloride, ferric chloride or cobalt chloride. Hydrogen bromide is obtained as byproduct during preparation of 3-13C higher hydrocarbon, and methanol and dimethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The enzyme is proteinase and present at 1-10 wt.%. The bacterial strain is Bacillus subtilis. It is included at 1x 105 to 1x 1010 colony forming unit (cfu)/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier medium is a fatty acid alkanolamide having 10-16C, preferably monoethanolamide. EXAMPLE - A drain deblocking and/or freshening agent contained a composition including Bacillus Subtilis spores (1x 106 cfu/g), lavender oil (6 wt.%), protease enzyme (3 wt.%), Savinyl (RTM: dark violet dye) (0.01 wt.%), water (2.5 wt.%), and alkanolamide (balance).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process : Mild dewatering provides a liquid fraction containing less than 2% dry solids and is carried out using a belt screen, filter belt, rotary drum filter, screen curve, perforated curve or latticed screen, or a combination of two or more of these in succession. Vibrating reverse osmosis membrane filtration is used for the membrane filtration step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gasoline comprises (wt.%) methanol (71), coal oil (22.5), ether (4.25), auxiliary agent (0.9), high corrosion inhibitor (0.5), detergent (0.3), and combustion improver (0.55). The auxiliary agent is isopropenyl acetylene, isopropyl nitrate, n-propyl nitrate, t-butyl acetate, or isoamyl nitrite at a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. The high corrosion inhibitor is diketol, hexadecyl amine, cyclohexane, dipropylamine, morpholine, n-methylmorpholine at a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1. The detergent is propargyl alcohol and acetylated lanolin alcohol at a weight ratio of 2:4. The combustion improver is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl benzene sulfonate, triethylborane, copper nitrate, and nitromethane at a weight ratio of 2:2:2:2:1.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The strain is single strain in a laboratory; activated sludge or activated sludge supernatant; mixed strain liquid in the biological reactor treating the waste gas in the same category; extracts of soil or water polluted by the waste gas; and/or microbial agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The targeted waste gas comprises hydrogen sulfide that is replaced by sodium sulfide solution to obtain analog waste gas components that are used as the nutrition source.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The targeted waste gas comprises methyl mercaptan that is replaced by sodium methyl mercaptide solution to obtain analog waste gas components that are used as the nutrition source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The culturing process is performed at 28 degrees C for 3 days. The pH is 6-7, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 20 %mass, and the fermentation process (F1) is performed for 7 days. The inoculation process is performed by adding 20 ml of seed bacterial fermentation liquid to every 100 g of solid culture medium. The fermentation (F2) is performed for 7 days at 27-28 degrees C with humidity of 33-34%, gas flow rate of 20 l/min and stirring rate of one time per 12 hours. The solid fermented substance is placed in a blower drying box at 30 degrees C and dried for 6-7 days having humidity of 10% or less. The plant straws and the dried solid fermented substances are mixed at a ratio of 2:1 and water is added until the humidity is 40-60% and the thickness of the mixture does not exceed 10 cm. The length of the straw is 0.6-0.8 cm. The fermentation (F3) is performed at 25-27 degrees C for 20-25 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The pressure is reduced to 2 kPa or less and carbon dioxide is diffused. Water from which carbon dioxide is diffused is used in the contact process. Preferred Arrangement: The stripper is provided with pressure-reduction diffusion chambers (16,17). The pressure of the chambers is reduced one by one in steps such that the pressure of chamber into which water is introduced initially is the highest, and the pressure of chamber to which water is introduced finally is the lowest and set to 2 kPa or less. A water circulation piping (5) circulates carbon-dioxide-diffused water through the absorption tower and stripper. A water thermometer (7) and a pH meter (8) are provided in the middle of the water circulation piping.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In step (A), the EM is dropped at EM to wastewater volume ratio of 1: 1000-1500. In step (B), the EM is dropped at EM to slurry volume ratio of 1: 800-1500. About 800-1000 g of the EMX ceramic is used in terms of 1 ton of water in steps (B) and (C). In step (D), the EM is dropped at EM to water volume ratio of 1: 8000-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anionic surfactant comprises an alkyl fatty acid salt including a 1-20C alkyl, an alkylsulfonate including a 1-12C alkyl, an alcohol sulfuric acid ester salt including a 1-12C alkyl, and/or an alkyl arylsulfonate including a 1-12C alkyl. The radical polymerization initiator comprises a peroxide-based compound, a hydroperoxide based compound and/or an azo-based compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The vinyl-based monomer comprises styrene, alpha -methyl styrene, 4-methyl styrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, methyl methacrylic acid, sodium acrylamide, tert-butyl sulfonate, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and/or poly thiophene. Preferred Method: The emulsion polymerization is done at 0-50 degrees C while dipping the proton-conductive polymer membrane in the emulsion polymerization solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material shows a red-shift in photoresponse (absorbance in the visible light wavelength range). The material comprises anatase phase (50-80 wt.%) and rutile phase (balance). The material has a columnar morphology having column bundles of intermixed anatase nanocolumns and rutile nanocolumns. Preferred Components: The diameter of each nanocolumn of anatase is 20-40 nm, and the diameter of each nanocolumn of rutile is 10-20 nm. The columnar bundles are oriented at an angle of less than 90 degrees to a flat substrate surface. Preferred Method: In the method-2, the material uses water as both a hole scavenger and proton donor. The stabilizing gas is present in a trace amount to stabilize the sputtering process without introducing the stabilizing gas into the deposited material. The partial pressure of oxygen is controlled at a very low level in a transition mode. EXAMPLE - Nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by reactive sputter deposition using reactive DC magnetron sputtering, with rf bias, onto cleaned microscope glass slides (borosilicate). Pure titanium (99.95% pure) was used as the sputtering target. High-purity argon and oxygen were used as sputtering and reactive gas, respectively. The sputtering system was a box style coater having an unbalanced magnetron with closed field configuration. The sputtering chamber comprised a stainless box with load lock chamber at the top. The sputtering power level was at 3-5.8 kW with no applied rf bias or an rf-induced dc-bias of -150 volts and total pressure of argon and oxygen was at 0.4-0.8 Pa. The partial pressure of oxygen was nominally 0.12 Pa. One side of the sample holder was parallel to the target to receive the high angle deposition, while the sample on the other side of the sample holder received deposition at 30 degrees angle of incidence. Control of the partial pressure of reactive gases was achieved using feedback from a mass spectrometer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The useful microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and/or yeast. Microorganisms which produce superoxide dismutase are added to the wastewater-treatment tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Copper, zinc and/or manganese are supplied as adjuvant. A metal ion which generates Fenton reaction is added. The metal ion is bivalent ferric iron and/or monovalent copper ion. The silicon coagulant consists of silicon sol obtained by dissolving silicon-containing material and alkaline substance in acid solvent. The alkaline substance consists of calcium carbonate or lime. The acid solvent consists of dilute hydrochloric acid, and contains gelatinization suppression agent chosen from acetic acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The process auxiliary material comprising iron(III) chloride is dissolved in a liquid, where the liquid comprises water. The iron(III) chloride solution constitutes the largest percentage of the auxiliary material. The composition and the concentration of the biogas plant trace elements is adjusted in the respective biogas plant in such a way that the composition and the concentration of the biogas plant trace elements is determined on the basis of a previously conducted analysis of the biogas plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal hydride has the structure of formula (M(Y1H4)).M = lithium or sodium; andY1 = aluminum atom or boron atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried out at 280-320 degrees C for 2-24 hours. The heating step is conducted at 250-400 degrees C. Preferred Components: The ether solvent in step (b) is aliphatic ethers and cyclic ethers. The solvent solution of the metal hydride is methyl tert-butyl ether. The concentration of the metal hydride solution used in step (b) is 0.05-5 M. The composite material has specific surface of 50-900 m2/g. The volume of micropores is greater than or equal to 0.30 cm3.g-1 of composite monolith and the metal hydride is in amorphous form. In the composite material, the hydrogen content is 0.004-0.08 mole of hydrogen per gram of carbon monolith.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves treating the obtained solid residue with organic solvent, and separating the lignin component. The biomass resources are corn cob waste culture medium or broad leaved tree and needle leaf tree waste culture medium obtained after utilizing for Basidiomycete culturing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole average carbon number of ( alpha )-olefin mixture is 12-14.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: During discharge of bio-coke molded product, the bottom portion of reaction container is opened and the pressurization component is dropped. After discharging the bio-coke by extrusion, the pressurization component is raised and the opened bottom portion is closed. Completion of discharge is detected when the pressurization component is detected to be located in a raised end or when the bottom portion is closed. Preferred Component: Biomass (I) comprises grains. Biomass (II) comprises plant, wood, branches or leaves. Preferred Arrangement: The bottom portion of reaction container slidingly moves in a horizontal direction for opening and closing. The controller opens the bottom portion after operation of the cooler. When the bottom portion is closed, the controller switches the cooler to the heater, and the temperature of reaction container is increased.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent is sodium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The silver-rhodium alloy microparticles contain 50 atomic% of rhodium and has average particle diameter of 20 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solvent mixture comprises polyphosphoric acid (50 wt.%) and further acids, which are inorganic or organic acids such as phosphoric acid (50 wt.%), phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perhalogenated alkyl- or arylsulfonic acid or perhalogenated alkyl- or arylphosphoric acid. The polyazol comprises poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (75 wt.%) or sulfonic acid-, sulfonate-, phosphinic acid- or its phosphonate derivative, where the poly(2,5-benzimidazole) has inherent viscosity of 2.5 dl/g measured in 1 wt.% of poly(2,5-benzimidazole) solution in 85 wt.% of phosphoric acid at 25 degrees C. The solvent mixture contains further N-heteroaromatic polymer (25 wt.%) such as polymer of polyazole and polyphosphazene, where the N-heteroaromatic polymer is polybenzimidazole, polypyridine, polypyrimidine, polyimidazole, polybenzthiazole, polybenzoxazole, polyoxadiazole, polychinoxaline, polythiadiazole, poly(tetrazapyrene), polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylimidazole and poly(2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-benzimidazole).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Raw Material: In the composite raw material for biogas, the biological germ is special for biogas. The additive is urea or activated carbon powder. Preferred Method: In preparing composite raw material for biogas, the stack-retting time of the crop straw and poultry dropping is 3-5 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: A catalyst is added in the process of dry distillation. The catalyst is greater than or equal to 2 of MGG catalytic cracking catalyst, H4(SiW12O40).xH2O, or H4(SiMo12O40).yH2O.x, y=1-12.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and/or butylated hydroxyanisole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The rosin is redpine rosin, Pinus yunnanensis rosin, P. elliotii rosin, P. kesiya rosin, P. latteri rosin, Chinese pine rosin, P. armandii rosin, P. koraiensis rosin, P. caribaea rosin, or longleaf pine rosin. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid phase extracting agent is formed by embedding nonanol with polysulfone or embedding organic montmorillonite with polysulfone. The immobilized microorganism carrier bed layer is modified nanometer SiOx composite polyurethane foam, in which x is 1.2-1.6. The solid phase extracting agent is formed by (A) dissolving polysulfone into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in a weight volume ratio of 1: 5-1: 10 under mechanical agitation, adding 3-4 times nonanol, after uniformly agitating, dripping into 0.1-0.3 wt.% Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate) aqueous solution with needle tube having No.12 needle head, forming plate-shaped small ball, and after soaking for 24 hours in distilled water, airing; or (B) dissolving the polysulfone into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone under mechanical agitation in a weight volume ratio of 1: 10-1: 15, adding 0.2-1.5 times organic montmorillonite, after uniformly agitating, dripping into 15-35 mass% ethanol with needle tube having No.12 needle head under agitation, forming spherical substance, and soaking the spherical substance in distilled water for 24 hours, drying under vacuum, and obtaining the solid extracting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises denaturant combined with corrosion inhibitor, at least two different denaturants, at least two different denaturants and corrosion inhibitor, or at least two different denaturants and at least two different corrosion inhibitors. The treated fuel ethanol is mixed with gasoline to form a fuel ethanol composition that ranges from E10 to E95. Preferred Method: The spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal is measured using a sample derived from grab sample, sidestream sample, inline sample, and/or bulk measurement. The component in grab sample is chemically derivatized with a moiety to enable the component to provide spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal. Chemical derivatization optionally produces covalent bond or complex formation between component and moiety. The spectroscopic absorbance or transmittance signal is used to determine total ethanol content in the fuel ethanol composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst source is potassium methoxide, sodium methoxide or sodium methylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The packed column comprises three packed columns in series, where each packed column is eight inches in diameter and sixty inches high. The apparatus further includes a flow control assembly and a metering pump assembly between each source of ingredients and the mixer. The mixed flow of ingredients is 81-85 vol.% of feed oil, 14-18 vol.% of alcohol and 0.4-1.2 vol.% of catalyst. The high pressure kinetic reactor operates on the principles of hydrocavitation, where the apparatus creates cavitation forces to break fluid molecules into nano molecules with very high instantaneous temperatures and availability of large surface areas to provide complete reaction without external heat. The high pressure kinetic reactor comprises a high pressure cavitation chamber and includes flow accelerators at opposite ends which create high velocity impinging flows of the partially reacted ingredients to complete the reaction. The packed column is filled with raschig rings or pall rings.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol source is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The lithium alloy is a hydride. The lithium alloy is plate shaped, rod shaped or a particulate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material is formed using ceria-type electrolyte material. The modified catalyst and electron-conductive substance is nickel. The collector contains electroconductive element including silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In heat-treating a flowable suspension, the flowable suspension comprises biogenic material. The pressure of the suspension is controlled using controlling the rate of motion of the depressurizing pump. The lower limit of the pressure range is above 5 bar. The depressurizing pump provides for a steady delivery flow. The depressurizing pump is a progressive cavity pump. Pressurizing the suspension is performed by a pressurizing pump. The energy generated by the depressurizing pump is used to drive the pressurizing pump. The method is carried out as a continuous process. Heat-treating the suspension comprises subjecting the suspension to a heat-treatment temperature of above 100 degrees C. After subjecting the suspension to the heat-treatment temperature, the temperature is lowered again to a temperature below 100 degrees C. Lowering the temperature takes place before depressurizing the heat-treated suspension using the fixed flow rate pump. Preferred Device: The means for pressurizing the suspension is a pressurizing pump and the pressurizing pump and the depressurizing pump are connected by a conduit system through which the pressurized suspension is passed to be heat-treated. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium methylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The frequency of the ultrasonic reactor is 20-60 kHz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction of raw material with the alcohol in the reactor is carried out by magnetic stirring, or stirring with stirring blades at 1000-1500 rpm. The liquid is obtained by subjecting reaction product from the reactor into solid-liquid separation comprising centrifuging at 3000-5000 rpm for 20-40 minutes, decompressing and filtering, or filtering under normal pressure. The layering is carried out by setting aside the reaction mixture for more than 3 hours, or centrifuging at 3000-5000 rpm for 20-40 minutes. Preferred Component: The low-carbon alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fibrous substances are selected from agricultural wastes, corn cob, corn stalk, straw, wheat-straw, or grass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction liquid contains 1.5-3.0 wt.% of ammonia water. The activator is Tween (RTM: Nonionic surfactant and emulsifier) 80.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction liquid contains 0.4-0.8 wt.% of perhydrol. The activator is bovine serum albumin (BSA) or rhamnolipid (RH).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The activator is polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The basic substance is chosen from potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves washing the H.brasiliensis berries, drying at room temperature, reacting the refined oil (100 parts weight) obtained from berries with basic substance and alcohol (10-50 parts weight), collecting the supernatant and washing the supernatant with aqueous solution containing magnesium sulfate. The concentration of alcohol is 100-2000 parts weight. The alcohol is 1-10C. The concentration of the basic substance is 100 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen mixed gas comprises hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Autothermal reforming reaction among fuel, air and water is performed in the primary reformer to obtain hydrogen-rich reformed gas from hydrocarbon-based fuel. Adsorption reaction of sulfur compound with respect to the catalyst is performed in the desulfurizer to remove sulfur from reformed gas. Heat generated from adsorption reaction and autothermal reaction is used as heat source for selectively decomposing and converting 2-5C hydrocarbon compound. Selective decomposition and conversion of 2-5C hydrocarbon compound is performed at 400-600 degrees C. The 2-5C hydrocarbon compound is converted into hydrogen and methane by using a catalyst comprising transition metal (preferably nickel and/or magnesium) and/or noble metal (preferably platinum, rhodium, palladium and/or ruthenium).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Vector: The recombinant vector is plasmid pRS424. The polynucleotide has a 550 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Microorganism: The recombinant microorganism is yeast that overexpresses SNR84. The yeast is chosen from Saccharomyces, Pachysolen, Clavispora, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces, Schwanniomyces, Candida, Pichia and Dekkera, preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1D/pRS424-SNR84 deposited with KCTC under accession No. 11388 BP. Preferred Method: In process (a), the production of biofuel is increased by overexpression of yeast SNR84 in the recombinant microorganism. In the screening method, the yeast is S.cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1D. The method further involves detecting a location of the identified yeast genomic sequence on the yeast genome by comparing a base sequence of the yeast genome with a predetermined length of yeast genomic sequence present at both ends of the insert gene in the plasmid to identify the overexpressed gene, re-transforming the yeast with a plasmid having the identified gene to confirm that an increase in galactose catabolism is caused by overexpression of the gene, or both processes described above. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coal is: mixed in an accelerator including nitrate or potassium chlorate, and a binder; and kneaded until the pulp is ready to be molded. The coal is packaged in aluminum trays having a size of 320 mm x 260 mm x 60 mm or in terracotta pottery constituting as a BBQ table. The raw material is purified from oily residues and then pyrolyzed to obtain coal. The obtained pulp is molded using a piston by compressing the dough and providing it a cylindrical or rectangular form. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The extractant is chosen from polyethers, higher fatty acid alcohol esters and 10-18C hydrocarbons. The extractant is preferably polypropylene glycol 1000. The sugar bearing media is derived from corn flour, corn stover and corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse, grass, wood, woodchips, cane juice, molasses, xylose, sweet Sorghum, cheese whey, and cassava. Preferred Method: The purification of the high energy biofuel is performed using steam distillation or molecular sieve distillation. The fermentation is performed for 48-300 hours at 350-400 degrees C. The extractant is added periodically during fermentation. The fermentation is batch fermentation or continuous fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer is maintained at 0 degrees C or less in the presence of a weak base, and filtered under reduced pressure at 200 ml/minute or more. Deaeration is carried out while the polymer is maintained at 0 degrees C or less. Preferred Polymer: The polymer has an aromatic principal chain. The polymer having sulfonic acid group and sulfonyl halide group is obtained by processing a polymer with a halo sulfone agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The group IIIA and group IIIB elements include platinum, ruthenium, palladium, cobalt, chromium, nickel and iron. The second component is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, cesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride and manganese chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The phase (a) of biomass digestion envisions at least one daily inoculation with the consortium of microorganisms for the entire duration of the digestion. The phase (c1) of inoculation with a consortium of microorganisms is performed 7 days before each new moon. The phase (c2) of movement is performed during 7 days successive to each new moon. The phase (c3) of injection is performed in the last 2 days of each full moon. The phase (c) of fungal-bacterial metabolization the solid fraction is arranged in piles aerated from below, preferably covered with a transpiring fabric or grass lawn. The phases (c1)-(c3) are repeated at least 10 times, preferably at least 12 times. The phase (c3) envisions the injection of an aeriform at 50-65 degrees C, preferably 55-60 degrees C. The phase (c3) envisions, in addition, the injection of vegetable fatty acid esters to which a natural stabilizing agent, mineral salts and/or mycorrhizae are associated. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bioreactor comprises at least two modules and continuous system. The volume/volume ratio of B1 and B2 is 1:1. The volume/volume ratio of several B1 and several B2 is 1:1000 in a first module of the two modules and the volume/volume ratio of several B2 and several B1 is 1:1000 in a second module of the two modules. The bioreactor comprises an input for cellulose-containing feedstock and at least one output, where the output of the bioreactor consists of at least one of ammonia, volatile fatty acids, and methane. The bioreactor provides methane to a turbine configured to deliver electricity. The pH of the bioreactor is not maintained without the removal of volatile fatty acids. Several B1 and B2 comprise aquatic anaerobic bacteria and ruminant anaerobic bacteria. The several anaerobic bacteria comprise B1 containing aquatic anaerobic bacteria and B2 containing ruminant anaerobic bacteria. Preferred Method: The pH in the vessel is maintained by removing ammonia when the pH is greater than 8.5, and removing volatile fatty acids when the pH is below 5.9. Preferred Microorganism: The first anaerobic microorganism is chosen from Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Clostridium locheadii, Bacteroides ruminicola, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Selenomonas ruminantium, Succinomonas amylolytica, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas lactilytica, Megasphaera elsdenii, Schwartzia sunniovorans, Lachnospira mulitparus, and Neocalimastix. The second anaerobic microorganism is chosen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanomicrobium mobile, Syntrophomonas wolfei. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The disinfector for sterilizing the naturally fermented organic garbage is insecticide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The sand soil sieved out by the sieve and the dried and crushed organic garbage are pelletized and prepared to be the organic fertilizers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The expression of the recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene is driven by a lambda cI promoter. The activity: level is varied by differentially expressing the alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase; or is varied by controlling the level of a co-factor required by alcohol dehydrogenase or pyruvate decarboxylase. The differential expression is achieved by modulating the strength of a promoter that controls expression of alcohol dehydrogenase or pyruvate decarboxylase. The expression of alcohol dehydrogenase is driven by promoters on at least two distinct plasmids. The measured level of acetaldehyde released into the culture medium by the engineered organism is less than 7 mg/ml after 10 days of culture. The cumulative amount of ethanol released into the culture medium by the engineered organism is greater than or equal to 4 g/l after 380 hours. The measured level of ethanol released into the culture medium by the engineered organism is at least 1750 mg/ml. The measured concentration (mg/ml) of ethanol released into the culture medium by the engineered organism is 100, 200 or 300 fold higher than the measured level of acetaldehyde in the culture medium. Preferred Components: The cyanobacterium is a thermophilic cyanobacterium. The engineered cyanobacterium is Synechococcus strain comprising engineered plasmids including pAQ1-pAQ7. The two engineered plasmids separately encode the recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase activity, which is adhA(M). The cyanobacterium: lacks a functioning lactate dehydrogenase gene or lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity; and is engineered to express the recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase activity. The recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase activity is encoded by one of the two engineered plasmids encoding the recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase activity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The WGSR contains catalyst comprising iron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, cesium, platinum, palladium, and/or their oxides and sulfides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The process additionally comprises recycling a portion of a product stream from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor fed by the WGSR to introduce a chemical species comprising methane, 1-4C hydrocarbons, CO, and/or hydrogen back into the WGSR.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Feedstock is contacted with carbon monoxide at 200-300 degrees C under pressure of 1-100 bar. The metal carbonyl complex is manufactured in situ from carbon monoxide and the metal element, or salt or oxide of the metal. The catalyst is supported on carrier chosen from carbon, alumina, silica, mesoporous silica alumina, clay, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydrocalcite and magnesium hydrocalcite. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises metal element, metal carbonyl complex, or halogen salt or nitrate salt of metal. Preferred Component: The catalyst is metal carbonyl catalyst comprising cobalt, molybdenum, ruthenium or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is cobalt or molybdenum, or ruthenium or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The feedstock is chosen from fats and oils derived from plants or animals or fish or insects, fats and oils obtained from microbiological processes utilizing algae or microbes, fats and oils contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation, recycled fats of the food industry, and/or biomass derived from Fischer-Tropsch products and fractions, preferably carboxylic acid, ester of carboxylic acid, alcohol, aldehyde and/or 3-70C ether, more preferably 3-40C carboxylic acid, 3-40C ester of carboxylic acid, 3-40C alcohol, 3-40C aldehyde, and/or 3-40C ether. Preferred Condition: The product or fraction obtained from the deoxygenation step is subjected to isomerization process at 200-500 degrees C under pressure of 20-150 bar in presence of isomerization catalyst comprising hydrogenation component and acidic support with carrier or hydrofinishing process at 50-400 degrees C under pressure of 10-150 bar in presence of hydrofinishing catalyst comprising metal on carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic dopant is selected from silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, boron phosphate, zirconium phosphate, alpha -zirconium phosphate, crystalline proton-type zirconium phosphate or titanium (II) monohydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-ion-containing exchange resin is selected between tetrafluoroethylene and trifluorochlorethylene. The solvent is selected from dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethylphosphoramide acetone, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl carbinol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propanetriol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microporous film is organic microporous film or inorganic microporous film, preferably polymer film, ultrathin ceramic film or ultrathin molecular sieve film, preferably fluorocarbon polymer film, ultrathin silicon dioxide film, titanium dioxide film, zirconium film or porous glass film. Preparation (Claimed): The fluorine-containing cross-linked film is produced by preparing solution or melt containing fluorine-ion-containing exchange resin and inorganic dopant by molding, extruding, heat pressing, spin coating, casting, screen printing, spray painting or dipping process. Multi-layer film is prepared by compounding the single-layer films. A cross linking agent and/or evocating agent is added to solvent for treating the film. The cross linking agent has general formula (VII). X2Rf7X3 (VII)X2 and X3=Cl, Br or I; andRf7=perfluoroalkyl and chlorofluoroalkyl.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermentation agent composition comprises B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, T. harzianum and T. viride at weight ratio of 1:1:2:2. The Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum comprises G. mosseae, G. etunicatum and G. versiform at weight ratio of 2:2:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The content of residual carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide is 0.5-8% after decarburization. The pressure of gas treated by the isothermal purifier is 5-8 MPa. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are reacted with hydrogen to obtain methanol and water after gas is treated by the isothermal methylating reactor under effect of a catalyst while heat is released. The heat is transferred by water in a boiler. By-products of middle-pressure saturated steam as well as separated methanol are obtained. The content of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is lower than 0.5%, while methanol is further separated. The residual carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are transformed into methane. The carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are output after cooling-water treatment. The drying purification process uses liquid-ammonia washing or molecular sieve. The gas is pre-heated to 200-230 degrees C and then subjected to methylation and methanation one by one. The synthesis gas compressor is a centrifugal compressor. The isothermal methylating reactor produces side product of middle-pressure saturated steam, and the reaction temperature is controlled by adjusting the pressure of middle-pressure saturated steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biofuel is degenerated using real-time PCR. The microorganism is Clostridium such as C. acetobutylicum. The method comprises preparing a first mixture comprising primers of SEQ ID NO. 1 and 2, and a probe comprising SEQ ID NO. 3, indicated on 16s rDNA of C. acetobutylicum; and preparing a second mixture comprising primers of SEQ ID NO. 4 and 5, and a probe comprising SEQ ID NO. 6 indicated on the pSOL1 plasmid of C. acetobutylicum. The method comprises: (a) reacting the first mixture with 16s rDNA of C. acetobutylicum using real-time PCR; (b) reacting the second mixture with pSOL1 plasmid of C. acetobutylicum using real-time PCR; (c) measuring the fluorescence signal generated in the first mixture; and (d) measuring the fluorescence signal generated in the second mixture. Preferably, the biofuel is butanol. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The granularity of the wheat straw grains is 4-100 mm, preferably 40-60 mm; the granularity of the rice straw grains is 4-100 mm, preferably 40-60 mm; the mixed ratio of the wheat straw grains and the rice straw grains is 1:0.3-0.5, preferably 1:0.4; and the compressing ratio is 1:3-5, preferably 1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fluid: The working fluid comprises air, water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, isobutene, methane, ethane, ammonia-water, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, neon, xenon, Flourinal-85, Flourinal-water and/or krypton. The heat pump uses another working fluid comprising hydrofluorocarbon compound, ammonia, propane, propylene, butane, isobutene and/or ethane. The thermodynamic system is adapted to generate cryogenic fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas includes carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves producing precursor sheet by immersing in water and solidifying phenol resin composition after impregnating methanol solution of phenol resin composition into carbon fiber paper, carbonizing phenol resin composition in precursor sheet and obtaining porous electrode base material, performing oxidation treatment, and heat-pressing before carbonization process. The porositized carbon joins carbon short fibers in porous electrode base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The combustion components used in fuel gas mixing apparatus are hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The corrosion component used in the fuel gas mixing apparatus is hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the pesticide is applied to the plant propagation material of the cultivated plant; and the treatments are carried out by applying at least one pesticide to the plant with at least one modification or to their habitat. Preferred Components: The pesticide is selected from dimethomorph, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-7-yl-amine, amisulbrom, iprovalicarb, fosetyl-aluminum, mandipropamid, metalaxyl-M, N-(1-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-(propin-2-yl-oxy)-3-(4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl)-propan-2-one and pyrimorph. ACTIVITY - Pesticide; Herbicide; Insecticide; Fungicide; Virucide; Antibacterial. Test details are described, but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The pesticide is applied to the plant propagation materials such as seeds at a rate of 0.1-1000 (preferably 1-1000 g, especially 1-100, particularly 5-100) g/100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably seed), e.g. by dusting, coating or drenching seed; or 0.001-2 (preferably 0.005-2, especially 0.05-0.9, particularly 0.1-0.75) kg/hectare.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The pesticide is applied to the plant propagation material of the cultivated plant. The treatments are carried out by applying at least one pesticide to the plant with at least one modification or to their habitat. Preferred Components: The pesticide is selected from atrazine, bentazone, bromoxynil, chloridazon, cyanazine, diuron, hexazinone, isoproturon, metamitron, phenmedipham, pyrazon and terbuthylazine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is tolerant to the action of herbicides, glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinone-herbicides, and/or dicamba. The plant is capable of synthesizing at least one selectively acting toxins derived from the bacterial Bacillus species (including Bacillus thuringiensis); capable of synthesizing at least one selectively acting delta-endotoxins toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis ACTIVITY - Pesticide; Plant Protectant. Test details described, no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Photosystem II inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The reaction mixture is obtained by mixing wet biomass and black liquor. The method further comprises pressurizing and heating reaction mixture. The pressurization biomass and black liquor is separately done before forming reaction mixture. The pressurization and heating reaction mixture has pressure of 150 (or 221) bar and at 300 (or 374) degrees C. The method further comprises cooling and depressurizing reaction products of hydrothermal treatment, and separating reaction products into gaseous phase and a liquid phase. Preferred Contents: The reaction mixture has water content of greater than or equal to 70 wt.%. The ratio of inorganic material to organic material in reaction mixture is 0.01-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.35.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The composite enzyme preparation comprises (unit/kg of waste) amylase (5-7, preferably 6), diastatic enzyme (40-60, preferably 50), protease (15-25, preferably 20), and cellulase (15-25, preferably 20). The Geotrichum is added at 10-15 wt.% of enzyme digestion solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pH is adjusted by adding hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight of sorted kitchen waste materials and water is 1:1-1.2. The organic solvent is petroleum ether having b. pt. of 30-60 degrees C. The sugar degree is tested using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The nonwovens comprise sintered titanium threads with a thickness of 15-25 mu m. The nonwovens are in the form of plates with a diameter corresponding to that of the contact sides of the electrodes. The contact side of the cathode has annular channels connected via axial holes to a hydrogen outlet. The membrane is permeable to water and hydrogen but impermeable to oxygen. The anode and cathode are bolted together with seals between them. The anode has water and oxygen/water inlets between which a flow channel is defined by the anode and the membrane, flow through the channel being under pressure and/or by capillary action. The cathode has a hydrogen/water outlet connected to a flow channel defined by the cathode and the membrane, flow through the channel being under pressure and/or by capillary action. The titanium nonwovens form capillary structures through which fluids can flow by capillary action. The contact side of the anode has grooves through which fluids can flow by capillary action.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid manure is initiated within two days, preferably within one day after the placement of the sewage in the fermentation vessel. The viscosity of the liquid manure is measured in the fermentation vessel. The measurement of the viscosity of the liquid manure is carried out by measuring the power consumption of the stirring device. The temperature of the liquid manure is measured during the regulated fermentation. The centrally arranged separating element can be filled and heated with a heat-conductive fluid, preferably with water. Preferred Components: The rotational frequency of the stirring device amounts to at least 20-200 revolutions per minute, preferably at least 40-60 revolutions per minute. The flow velocity amounts to 1-20 meter/minute, preferably 6-12 meter/minute. The acid is acetic acid. The central wall is designed as a container. The device further comprises an arrangement for measuring the viscosity and an arrangement for measuring the temperature. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid composition has a viscosity of 50-400 mm2/second, preferably 120-240 mm2/second. The surfactant is sulfated vegetable oils. The sulfated vegetable oil is palm oil, coconut oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and/or soybean oil. The pressure sensitive adhesive is a vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer. The corrosion inhibitor and perfume are water-soluble and glycerol-soluble. The perfume is fir needle perfume, apple perfume, lemon perfume, tangerine perfume and/or orange perfume. The amount of water, methanol, glycerol, surfactant and pressure sensitive adhesive is 1-25 (preferably 1-5) wt.%, up to 0.5 wt.%, 55-95 (preferably 65-77 or 90-95) wt.%, up to 1 wt.% and 1-20 wt.%, respectively. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: fluid x07 (95); water (3); Turkey red oil (1); and Luvitec K115 (RTM: Vinyl polymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature of the shallow bed fluidized bed is 310-330 degrees C; and the pyrolysis temperature of the deep bed fluidized bed is 480-550 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The ratio of the minimal diameter to the maximal diameter of the spiral propelling shaft (9) of the spiral pyrolysis reactor (1) is 1:3 to 1:1.5. The material inlet of the shallow bed fluidized bed (2) is on the position of 1/6-1/4 of the lower side of the shallow bed fluidized bed by height. The solid product outlet (22) of the shallow bed fluidized bed (2) is on the position of 1/5-1/3 of the middle lower side of the shallow bed fluidized bed by height. The ratio of the height to diameter of the shallow bed fluidized bed is 1:1 to 1:4. The ratio of the height to diameter of the deep bed fluidized bed is at 1:5 to 1:15. The material inlet of the deep bed fluidized bed (2) is on the position of 1/6-1/3 of the lower side of the deep bed fluidized bed by height. The lower side of the straight pipe of the bundling filter (6-1) stretches into the dense-phase region of the deep shallow bed fluidized bed by length of 1/2-1/3 in terms of the length of the straight pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rubber particle is obtained by mixing and compressing 80% of old tire powder and 20% of additive, where the additive is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, active carbon or their mixture. The embedding agent is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alga acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizer is oxygen, air, mixture gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide, or mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is waste of root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit of plant, animal corpse, waste rubber, coal and/or carbohydrate. The method further employs a fuel from combustible gas and/or fuel oil; and an oxidizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The overall sequestration reservoir leak rate is calculated using both the tracer concentration measurements and a measured increase on carbon dioxide surface flux rate in soil and surface gases after sequestration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tracers and carbon dioxide have a molar ratio of greater than or equal to 1x 10-6:1. The soil and surface gases comprise methane and carbon dioxide. The tracer is methane, ethane, propane, carbon tetrafluoride, hexafluorethane, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon-13 labeled carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, and/or molecules containing perfluoro functional groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components; The culture medium also comprises 20 g of glucose, 5 g of peptone and 3 g of yeast extracted matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cerium oxide is sputtered to substrate from one target and the metal material from another target. Gold is dispersed on surface of cerium oxide layer in the form of 1-20 nm clusters (44). Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises 0.01-4 wt.% gold cations (Au+1 and Au+3). The catalyst comprises 0.01-4 wt.% platinum cations (Pt+2 and Pt+4). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Block: The metal-organic framework building block (B1) having a formula (Zn 2(A')(B 1) 2) n.n=25-100;B 1=R'-pyridin-4-yl or N,N-dimethylformamide (preferably R'-pyridin-4-yl).Preferred Components: The tetratopic carboxylic acid comprising a phenyl ring core, substituted at the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 5-positions with phenyl ring spacers, where the carboxylic acids are located at the 4-postion of each phenyl ring spacer, and binds to the metal. The tetratopic carboxylic acid is 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene. The metal is Zn(II) source. Preferred Method: In the process (M1), CO 2 is selectively removed from the gas mixture by using the block (B1) of formula (Zn 2(A')(B 3) 2) n.B 3=R' a-pyridin-4-yl;R' a=R' (preferably CF 3). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquefying agent is methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. The organic solvent for extracting and leaching is chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plant biomass is wood fiber substance containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, including wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, or waste wood. The waste wood is saw timber or brushwood. The polyester is polycarbonate, phenolic resin, polystyrene resin, or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The plant straw is selected from wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, water hyacinth straw or grain sorghum straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solid alkali is base resin solid alkali having terminal group such as tert. amine or tert. phosphor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid alkali is selected from D201 alkali anion exchange resin, D301 macroporous alkalescent anion exchange resin or D280 anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves (c) the pyrolysis gas and coke gas are contacted with an oxygen containing gas stream and heated to 1200-2000 degrees C, thus producing a synthesis gas; and (d) the synthesis gas obtained in step (c) is quenched by contacting it with water at a temperature that is sufficiently high to convert at least part of the water into hydrogen and oxygen, thus producing synthesis gas enriched in hydrogen and oxygen. The method (M1) further involves drying step prior to step (a), where the water content of the biomass is reduced; drying step prior to the step (a), where biomass is dried to a water content less than 20 (preferably less than 15) wt.%. The synthesis gas in step (d) has a temperature of 1200-2000 degrees C when contacted with water. The pyrolysis reactor is operated at 400-900 (preferably 700-900) degrees C. The gasification oven is operated at 800-1200 (preferably 1000-1200) degrees C. Preferred Components: The gaseous reaction medium is a gas comprising oxygen and/or water. The feed stream comprises a mineral content less than or equal to 5 (preferably less than or equal to 3) wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The biomass gasification tar cracking catalyst is prepared by adding gamma -aluminum oxide carrier to magnesium nitrate solution to prepare a mixture. The obtained mixture is dried at 140 degrees C, where dried mixture is stirred at 400-600 degrees C. The gamma -aluminum oxide carrier is impregnated by using lanthanum nitrate solution. The mixture is dried at 140 degrees C in presence of air. The dried mixture is stirred at 400-600 degrees C.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The isoprene is produced from a genetically modified microorganism. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises dewatering the medium. The photosynthetic organism is a diatom (preferably a Chaetoceros species. The hydrodynamic cavitation is applied using a multi-stage hydrodynamic or a magnetic impulse cavitation reactor. The processed medium after hydrodynamic cavitation is separated into components comprising microalgae oil, microalgae cell walls, and the processed fluid medium. The processed fluid medium is recycled for microalgae cultivation. The processed medium is subjected to at least one additional rounds of hydrodynamic cavitation. The separated microalgae oil is subjected to at least one additional rounds of hydrodynamic cavitation to produce transesterification. The separated components are subjected to at least one additional rounds of hydrodynamic cavitation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: In the method, the fuel cell generates water when producing power; and reacting hydrocarbon fuel with water vapor in a heated environment includes recycling water for introduction into heated environment. The method further comprises: heating the heated environment by burning of hydrogen gas, to excess of 600 degrees C; and actively drawing hydrogen gas out of hydrogen separator using a hydrogen blower. The step of providing a hydrocarbon fuel includes providing petrochemicals, alcohols, ammonia, propane or natural gas. The step of reacting hydrocarbon fuel with water vapor includes inducing the reaction CnHm+2(n) H2O = (n)CO2+(2(n)+ (m/2))H2, where C(n)H(m) is the hydrocarbon fuel, H2O is water vapor, (n) is the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon fuel and (m) is the number of hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Acaricide; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Monoamine Oxidase-Inhibitor.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    ADMINISTRATION - About 80-100 ml of the suspension is sprayed uniformly onto every 1/6 acres of paddy rice.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The sludge comprises municipal living sludge and industrial sludge; where the municipal living sludge is the sludge from sewage treatment works and tap water works; the industrial sludge is the mixture of physiochemical sludge and biochemical sludge generated by each sewage treatment and discharged by a condensing tank, comprising the mixture of solid generated by paper mills, printing and dyeing industries, washer wrinkle fabric industries, petrochemical industries, organic chemical industries, meat industries and beer industries, oil, chemical pollution and organic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The potassium permanganate has a chemical formula of KMnO4; where the color is purple black, dark violet and black grey. The industrial salt comprises sea salt, pond salt, lake salt, well salt, mineral salt, or rock salt; where the main component is sodium chloride (NaCl) that is grain-shaped or powder-shaped.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass adsorbent comprises sawdust, bamboo dust and scrapes or powder of other plants; where it has the function of adsorbing the water and odorous gas in the sludge and eliminating the odorous gas in the sludge to make the sludge be dehydrated more easily and be capable of assisting the sludge to combust. The ash removal anti-coking agent has strong coking capability. The hogwash oil has the function of assisting combustion, increasing the combustion endurance of sludge, and improving the heat value of sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw coal powder, the biomass carbon source, and the binder are respectively equal to 31-40%, 55-63% and 5-7%. Preferred Components: The raw coal powder is anthracitic powdered coal. The binder is inorganic binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The separated algae is further cultured to obtain more starch. Microwave is irradiated in an enclosed pipeline which contains starch during or before saccharification process. Culturing is performed by both photoautotrophy and heterotrophy by addition of organic matter. Separating starch from algae is by decantation or water flowing. Preferred Microorganism: Algae is Chlorella vulgaris Al-1y strain. Preferred Components: Carbon source is organic acid waste liquid and carbon dioxide gas or industrially discharged carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding polymerization inhibitors to the extractant. The extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction. Preferred Components: The extractant comprises 96 wt.% propylene and 4 wt.% propane. The aqueous solution comprises less than or equal to 10 wt.% of the carboxylic acids and/or aldehydes. The extractant to aqueous solution ratio is 0.5-1 to 12-1 by weight. EXAMPLE - An aqueous acrylic acid solution (AAAS) wastewater stream comprising (wt.%): acrylic acid (7.23), maleic acid (1.05), acetic acid (1.36), allyl alcohol (0.07), acrolein (0.06), acrolein dimer (0.04) and balance water, was extracted using commercial-grade propylene, where single-stage extractions were run using the shake test apparatus at ambient temperature and a pressure of approximately 220 psig and the propylene:aqueous feed weight ratio was 4.92. The efficacy of using 3C hydrocarbons to extract carboxylic acid from aqueous stream was tested. The result showed that average acrylic acid recovery was 45%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange resin is mixture of cation exchange resin and/or anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The organic donor material is glucose, cellulose, acetate, butyrate, lactate, propionate, or valerate, and is derived from waste material including sewage, human waste, animal waste and industrial waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The odor assimilating (decomposing) bacteria are 16 SrDNA-Full (16SrRNA (4265 strains of SIID(s))) (propionic acid assimilating (decomposing) bacteria), and 3083 strains (n-butyric acid assimilating (decomposing) bacteria) of SIID(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous material is zeolite or a maifan medical stone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The powder metal is magnesium (Mg) and the compound is water as described by the equation of magnesium reacting with water to form magnesium hydride and magnesium oxide (MgO). The powder metal is magnesium and the compound is HCl as described by the equation of magnesium (Mg) reacting with HCl to form magnesium hydride and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). The powder metal is magnesium and the compound is ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as described by the equation of magnesium reacting with NH4Cl to form magnesium hydride, magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). The recycling of Mg is achieved by a reaction of: MgO reacting with HCl to form MgCl2 and water; Mg3N2 reacting with HCl to form ammonia and MgCl2; or MgCl2 reacting with sodium to form Mg and sodium chloride. The water or aqueous HCl is the reactant for the hydride slurry. The brucite (Mg(OH)2) is the reactant to produce the hydride slurry. The hydride formation reaction is described by the equation of lithium reacted with boron in the presence of water to form lithium borohydride and lithium monoborate, and the hydride formation reaction is described by the equation of sodium reacted with boron in the presence of water to form sodium metaborate and sodium borohydride. The solid mixtures are separated to individual phases using density separator. The process is performed on a vehicle and provides on-board hydrogen availability of 8-9%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is supplied in the form of aqueous solution, and is chosen from catalase, superoxide dismutase and oxidase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous structure formed in membrane electrode assembly is made of activated carbon fiber, silica gel, activated alumina or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The temperature of the flue gas is regulated by injecting a fluid into the combustion chamber. The injected fluid is specifically a fuel (especially natural gas, propane, butane or another gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon); water (preferably injected by nebulization or spraying); or flue gas which has been recycled after participating in the thermolysis reaction (the temperature of the recycled gas specifically having been adjusted by passage through a boiler in which water-gas heat exchange is carried out to produce hot water, steam or electricity).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Apparatus: The rewetting system (9) consists of at least one (especially at least five) fluid addition element(s), specifically injectors, preferably located on the external surface of the introduction channel. The fluid is preferably water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The flue gas is cooled after the combustion stage and before the thermolysis stage. The process includes an air-flue gas heat exchange stage, preferably preceding the temperature reduction stage. The temperature is reduced by direct injection of sprayed or nebulized water into the flue gas; or by a second heat exchange stage at a lower temperature. Alternatively the temperature reduction stage involves replacement of the air-flue gas heat exchange stage by a stage utilizing a boiler to produce hot water, steam or electricity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microorganisms are isolated from compost. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises Bacillus ginsengihumi, Brevibacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. THU0021 strain (FERM P-21615). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (disclosed): The Bacillus sp. strain THU3710 (FERM P-21616), B.ginsengihumi strain THU4501 (FERM P-21617) and Bacillus sp. strain THU0021 (FERM P-21615) are isolated from compost. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is potassium hydroxide (preferred) and/or sodium hydroxide, where the potassium hydroxide is dissolved in methanol to form methoxide. Preferred Method: The catalyst is added before the addition of the alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alcohol- and/or catalyst- residues are separated from the sedimentation settled oil or fat. The oil or fat is separated from the transesterification of water and other solid materials. The transesterification reaction is terminated after a predetermined reaction time. The transesterification reaction is carried out by adding a short chain alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol and/or propanol. In the method, the transesterification reaction of oil or fat with the alcohol and catalyst is carried out with stirring over a period, preferably 45 minutes, at 50-65 degrees C, preferably 55 degrees C, and then water is added. In the method, 150 ml of methanol, 5.5 g of potassium hydroxide and 50 ml of water are added to a liter of oil or fat. A mixture of different oils and/or fats is used as a starting material for the transesterification. The transesterification reaction time depends on the composition of the oil and/or fat mixture subjected to transesterification reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (A) are n-butanol (preferred), n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol (capryl alcohol), n-nonanol (pelargonic alcohol), n-decanol (capric alcohol), n-dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), n-pentadecanol, n-hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), n-tetradecanol-(myristyl alcohol), cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol (palmitoleyl alcohol), n-octadecanol (stearyl alcohol), 9E-octadecen-1-ol (elaidyl alcohol), cis-9-octadecen-1-ol (oleyl alcohol), 9Z, 12Z-octadecadien-1-ol (linoleyl alcohol), 9E,12E-octadecadien-1-ol (elaidolinoleyl alcohol), 9Z, 12Z, 15Z-octadecatrien-1-ol (linolenyl alcohol), 9E, 12E, 15E-octadecatrien-1-ol (elaidolinolenyl alcohol), 12-hydroxy-9-octadecen-1-ol (ricinoleyl alcohol) and/or 1-eicosanol (arachidyl alcohol). (B) are straight vegetable oil, plant parts oils, tree based oil and/or animal fat oil. The ratio of (A) and (B) is preferably 1:1. The fuel additive(s) is anti-polymerizing agents, anti-knocking agents, antifreezing agents, anticoagulation agents, antiprecipitation agents, cetane index boosters and/or cetane number boosters. The fuel additive(s) is present at 0.01-5% v/v, preferably 0.01-1% v/v. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: 5% v/v of (A); 5% v/v of (B); 90% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s); 7.5% v/v of (A); 7.5% v/v of (B); 85% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s); 10% v/v of (A); 10% v/v of (B); 80% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s); 20% v/v of (A); 20% v/v of (B); 60% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s); 10% v/v of (A); 5% v/v of (B); 85% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s); or 10% v/v of (A); and 5% v/v of (B); 85% v/v of (C) and optionally along with fuel additive(s). Preferred Process: (B) are obtained by mechanical or chemical treatment of the source from which it is derived. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: diesel (85%); Jatropha oil (5%); and n-butanol (10%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The anoxic MBR contains a culture of halophilic bacteria consisting of Halomonas denitrificans and Halomonas campisalis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous solution contains oxyanions (1 mu mgL-1-150 mgL-1) selected from nitrate at a concentration of 35-150 mgL-1. The regenerant solution comprises sodium chloride in an amount of 5-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anoxic MBR contains an organic carbon substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing peat additionally with other biomass to be dried for using the peat as an intermediary substance in drying the other biomass, where the other biomass comprises wood or cutter chips, sawdust, straw, chipped energy willow or reed canary grass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The pretreated landfill gas is compressed under 0.3-2 MPa to enter the one-stage pressure swing adsorption process. The two-stage or multi-stage pressure swing adsorption process is performed at 10-40 degrees C for 50-500 seconds under 0.3-20 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The attapulgite clay comprises greater than 50% attapulgite. The dolomite attapulgite clay comprises greater than 85% dolomite. The calcinate baudisserite comprises greater than 80% magnesium oxide. The calcinate dolomite comprises greater than 18% magnesium oxide. The calcinate limestone comprises 80% calcium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is straw, rice husk, or branch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethanol gasoline prepared from (wt.%) gasoline (50-90, preferably 80-90), ethanol (10-50, preferably 10-20) and additive at 0.03-0.1% based from ethanol. The purity of ethanol is greater than 95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low-carbon alcohol comprises carbinol, ethanol or n-butanol. The volume ratio of mixed silkworm chrysalis fatty acid to saturated solution of urea with low-carbon alcohol is 1:1 to 1:10. The reaction with mixed fatty acid with saturated solution of urea is carried out at 1-20 degrees C for 1-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixture comprises 30-70 mass % active carclazyte, and bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biodiesel is obtained by catalyzing a dark color plant oil, animal oil, microorganism oil, waste catering oil, acidating oil, or swill-cooked dirty oil with acid, alkali, and enzyme catalysis or subjecting the oil to supercritical esterification reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical modifying agent is potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, potassium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium fluoride, potassium bromide, or ammonium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises cleaning the carapace and drying, dividing into multiple small blocks, putting in a pot containing sand, making the sand completely cover the carapace raw material and making the carapace raw material separate from air and carbonizing the carapace at 200-700 (preferably 300-600) degrees C; weighing the incompletely carbonized carapace and chemical modifying agent at a weight ratio of 2-10:1, using a little water to dissolve the chemical modifying agent, obtaining the chemical modifying agent solution, dipping the incompletely carbonized carapace in the chemical modifying agent solution, standing and reacting for 4 hours; and activating for 2-3 hours at 200-450 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carapace is shrimp shell, turtle shell, crab shell or fish scale.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ultraphosphate contains 85-118% of phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The anhydrous low-carbon alcohol is anhydrous methanol or anhydrous ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tank: In the new soft methane tank, the methane chamber is equipped on the surface of ground or under the ground. The protecting cover (5) is equipped outside the methane chamber, and its shape is close or semi-close. The automatic discharging pipe (6) is equipped on one side of the soft fermentation vessel, the automatic discharging pipe (6) is under the air exhaust pipe (2). The maximal volume of the soft fermentation vessel (1) is not larger than the cubage of protecting cover (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tank: In the buried methane generation tank, the endothermal pipe (7) is set at the bottom of the endothermal plate (5). The endothermal pipe (7) can seal in the heat conductive oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen is provided with pure oxygen or air. The molar ratio of: water/methanol in the aqueous methanol is substantially 1-1.5; and oxygen/methanol in the mixture is substantially less than or equal to 0.5. The Cu/ZnO-based catalyst comprises a supported copper catalyst prepared with a co-precipitation method. The precipitating agent used in the co-precipitation method includes a sodium bicarbonate solution. The pH value for the co-precipitation method is 6-9. The palladium content in the Cu/ZnO-based catalyst is substantially 1-4% (w/w). The diameter of copper oxide (CuO) in the Cu/ZnO-based catalyst is substantially less than or equal to 5 nm. The diameter of palladium oxide (PdO) in the CuPd/ZnO catalyst is substantially less than or equal to 10 nm. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst further comprises cobalt and/or manganese. The substrate is selected from silica, carbon nanotubes, and aluminum oxide. The catalyst comprises copper on hydrotalcite which is strongly basic variety with MgO to Al2O3 ratio greater than 1:1. The hydrotalcite comprises carbon nanotubes. The source for aluminum and/or copper is nanomaterials. A molecular template for ethanol is created by evaporating ethanol from the catalyst suspension. The catalyst is calcined in flowing air or a mixture of gases containing oxygen for 2-10 hours at 200-1000 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol component of the product is removed via distillation to increase the energy content of the remaining fuel. The synthesis gas is produced by steam reforming of biomass, corn stover, lignin, hemicellulose, coal, natural gas, landfill gas, and/or trash. The synthesis gas is produced using the reverse water gas shift to convert CO2 to CO. The waste CO2 and hydrogen are converted into CO using reverse water gas shift, where the CO is used as synthesis gas. The production of butanol involves reacting methanol with ethanol and/or propanol under pressures of 3000 psi at 200-400 degrees C using catalyst comprising copper on hydrotalcite. The hydrotalcite is a strongly basic variety, and has MgO to Al2O3 ratio of greater than 1:1. The methanol is produced on site by reacting synthesis gas on a copper and zinc catalyst at pressures of 100-3000 psi and 200-400 degrees C. The methanol, ethanol and/or propanol are produced from synthesis gas derived from of biomass, corn stover, lignin, hemicellulose, coal, natural gas, landfill gas, and/or trash. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises: forming a complex or chelate between metal and the second ligand; and mixing the obtained complex/chelate with the first ligand to give (I). Preferred Components: The metal is iron (Fe(III)) (preferred), manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or copper. (I) is present at 1-20 wt.%, preferably 3-15 wt.%. The first ligand is lignosulfonate. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises at least one additional compound comprising mineral nutrients and bio-stimulative plant components.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second ligand is: low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids or amino acids; and citric acid (preferred), oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, adipic acid or salicylic acid. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of (I) is 50-80 g/plant for the treatment of fruit trees or 30-40 kg/hectare for gardening, in the form of solid (powder, granules or tablets) or liquid (claimed), by spraying.    EXAMPLE - Iron (III) chloride (24.92 kg) was added to water (45 kg) and the mixture was stirred until complete dissolution of iron salt was made. The resulting solution was added to citric acid (26 kg) and stirred until complete dissolution of citric acid was made. To the solution was added a sufficient amount of potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the reaction to 8. The resulting solution of citrate of iron contained 7 wt.% of iron. Potassium lignosulfonate (35 kg) was added to water (30 kg) and the reaction mixture was mixed for sufficient time to obtain a suspension and added to the obtained iron citrate solution. The reaction was stirred at 40 degrees C for 5 hours to give lignosulfonate complex iron (Fe III)-citrate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positively-charged electrode plate, negatively-charged electrode plate, and neutrally-charged electrode plate are made of 316L-type stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sleeve is made of thermoplastic polymer material such as PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The gas leakage detection process is performed according to JIA standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The average particle diameter of the magnesium silicate compound is 10 mu m or less and hence anaerobic treatment is carried out during upward flow in reaction tank. The to-be-processed pulp-type wastewater is a distillate obtained by concentration of alkali waste discharged during kraft pulp manufacture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium silicate compound is added in the form of slurry. The addition content of magnesium silicate compound is 0.02-1.1 wt.%, with respect to the wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The rhodium mononuclear metal complex (I) is chosen from rhodium mononuclear metal complexes of formula (II-VI).R6-R13=H or substituent, preferably H, alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, nitro, halo, sulfo, amino, carboxy, hydroxy or alkoxy;or R9+R10=-CH=CH-, in which H is optionally substituted by substituents chosen from alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, nitro, halo, sulfo, amino, carboxy, hydroxy or alkoxy;andQ6-Q13=C or N+.Preferred Process: The deuterium is manufactured using deuterium oxide as water. The formic acid or water is deuterated and has pH or pD of 4 or less. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R5=H, alkyl, phenyl or cyclopentadienyl, preferably methyl;    L=water molecule, H, alkoxide ion, hydroxide ion, halide ion, carbonate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, formic-acid ion, acetate ion or hydride ion, or does not exist;and    m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The concentration of cyclohexene in fuel gas is set to 10 ppb or less, preferably 0.1 ppb or less as fixed quantity, using selective adsorption agent by direct method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The zeolite is zeolite-X, Y-type zeolite or beta -type zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particle diameter of the metal nickel nanometer powder is 1-100 nm. Preferred Components: The metallic oxide is copper oxide (CuO) or nickel oxide (NiO). The metal inorganic salt is copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) or nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2). The rocket propellant is unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine or dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Dissociated water in the electrolyte is removed from the chamber and is replenished with steam. Preferred Component: The hydroxide electrolyte is provided as an alkaline hydroxide, and/or an alkaline earth hydroxide. The alkaline hydroxide is lithium hydroxide potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and/or rubidium hydroxide. The alkaline earth hydroxide is barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide. The anode and/or the cathode are formed of nickel; nickel 400 comprising 66.5% nickel, 31.5% copper, 1.2% iron, and 1.1% manganese; lithiated nickel; and/or cobalt-plated nickel and combinations. The anode and/or the cathode are coated with a noble metal. The noble metal is palladium, platinum, and/or gold. The reaction chamber is formed of nickel, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, chromium, platinum, gold, palladium, copper, cobalt, and/or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The membrane is obtained by film forming aromatic polyimide solution containing amide type solvent. The coagulating liquid into which the aromatic polyimide solution is discharged during the film formation is water, amide type solvent aqueous solution or ethanol aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The group (A1) is derived by removing amino group from 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxy)hexafluoropropane, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl and/or 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenylether. The group (A2) is obtained by removing amino group from 3,7-diamino-dimethyl dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide. The content of bivalent unit (A3) derived from diamine components other than the groups (A1, A2) is 50 mol% or less. Preferred Properties: The gas separation membrane has oxygen gas permeability of more than 6.0x 10-5 cm3 (STP)/cm2.second.cm mercury and has ratio of oxygen permeability and nitrogen permeability of 4.0 or more. The gas separation membrane has tensile breaking elongation of 10% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The outgoing stream of purified mixture contains hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The method allows a catalytic reformer to reform a catalyst being selected from ruthenium, iridium, platinum, rhodium, palladium and nickel oxide carried on an aluminum oxide support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electrochemical noble element is 0.1-20 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The hydrolyzed raw material liquid is obtained by hydrolyzing the biomass of lignocellulose in high-temperature liquid medium at 2-5 MPa for 40-90 minutes and filtering to obtain high-temperature hydrolyzed solution; hydrolyzing the filtered residual slag in maleic acid solution for 10-30 minutes at 160-220 degrees C and 2-5 MPa to obtain maleic acid hydrolyzed solution; and mixing the high-temperature hydrolyzed solution and the maleic acid hydrolyzed solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organophosphorus derivative is extracted by using a mixture of sulfuric acid and water. A drying agent used in preparing organophosphorus derivative is anhydrous sodium sulfate. The organophosphorus derivative is extracted by using silica gel 60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A solvent is used for preparing organophosphorus derivative, which is selected from mineral oil or petrol oil. The dialkyl or diaryl phosphate is selected from chlorophosphate or chlorophosphite ligand. The organophosphorus derivative is extracted by using a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Excrement and domestic organic waste collection includes fixing a seating or squatting type toilet bowl and discharging urine and excrement by water. The bottom parts of the toilet bowl are movable, the excrement discharging hole is large and the inclined degree of the inner wall of the excrement containing part is also large. The excrement containing bag is mounted on the excrement containing part of the toilet bowl. The excrement containing part of the toilet bowl is wetted by water before defecation and the excrement is discharged. The toilet bowl is sorted into direct discharging mode and movable discharging mode according to the excrement discharging mode. The excrement containing part of the direct discharging mode of the toilet bowl acts correspondingly to discharge excrement without moving to the other position and moves to discharge excrement. The excrement containing movable part of the bottom discharging mode of the toilet bowl moves to directly discharge excrement from the bottom part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst carrier is aluminum oxide, silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide and molecular sieve having grain size of 20-200 microns.The mol. ratio of CO to H2 in synthesized gas is 1:1-1:6, where operated space velocity is 1000-50000/hour.Preferred Method: The auxiliary agent including oxides, hydroxides or salts of sodium, potassium, cesium, lithium, magnesium, zinc and/or calcium is added into loading-type catalyst.The catalyst thinner including aluminum oxide, silica gel, ceramic and/or silicon nitride is added into fluidized bed reactor, where wt. ratio of thinner to catalyst is 0.1:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is loading-type catalyst including active component (0.1-60 wt.%) consisting of palladium, platinum, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, silver, iron, rhodium and/or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The oxygen pole frame and hydrogen pole frame are made of polysulphone organic material, while the supporting net is made of stainless steel or pure nickel. The membrane is made of polyphenyl thioether or other organic material. The sealing pat is made of organic compound material of polyfluorotetraethylene, while the pole plate is made of stainless steel plate or pure nickel plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The crystal violet lactone is chosen from 6-dimethylamino-3,3-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one, 6-diethylamino-3,3-bis(4-diethylaminophenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one, 6-methylethylamino-3,3-bis(4-methylethylaminophenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one, 6-methylpropylamino-3,3-bis(4-methylpropylaminophenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one and 6-ethylpropylamino-3,3-bis(4-ethylpropylaminophenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. The composition further contains non-reactive solvent chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, xylene, isopropanol, t-butyl alcohol, hexane, benzene, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substance: The decomposition reaction substance is iron oxide, nickel oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and/or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substance: The reducing substance is hydrogen, methane, ethane, methanol, dimethyl ether, natural gas, propane, coke oven gas, naphtha and/or raffinate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition is in the form of nano organometallic colloidal, suspension or dispersion. The particles have a high flash point of 75-500 (preferably 80-450, especially 100-400, particularly 150-300) degrees C. The particle size is below 100 (preferably below 50, especially below 30) nm or of mean particle size of 20-80 nm. The composition further comprises a carbon based fuel and a secondary active metal material. The composition includes a metal concentration of 15-45 wt.%. Preferred Component: The metal is selected from magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, barium, manganese, iron, cerium, copper, zinc, silicon, aluminum, chromium, cobalt and/or nickel (preferably magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and/or barium). The secondary active metal material comprises metal oxide slurry (preferably magnesium oxide slurry in #2 diesel fuel oil). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves removing the oil and carbon isles from the water surface by brushing with a net; and further involves capturing excess oil by a press separator. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tank: In the methane tank provided with internal circulation in vertical direction, the movable cover plate (7) is set above the discharging channel (6). The feeding pipe (2) is connected to a sand precipitation tank (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the inserting piece of culture medium, the frame (1) is a square frame; the four sides of the frame (1) are made of stainless steel and/or plastic steel; two side surface of the frame (1) with large superficial areas have stainless steel net sheets and/or polyethylene plastic net sheets. The floating element (2) is a PVC plastic tube with two sealed ends. The carrier (3) is a tripolycyanamide bubble with openings. The substance is at least one anaerobic culture medium and at least three aerobic culture mediums.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode and anode are both graphite electrode arrays which are carried with microbiological active matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The enzymatic active bacterial comprises (in %) fungus dreg (8-18, preferably 14), mycorrhizal fungi (8-13, preferably 13), Bacillus subtilis (8-14, preferably 11), ablastin (8-13, preferably 10), Lactobacillus (8-15, preferably 8), yeast (8-15, preferably 15), actinomycetes (8-13, preferably 13), photosynthetic bacteria (8-15, preferably 8) and lactobacillin (8-15, preferably 8). The organic fertilizer comprises rice husks or rice straws (8-15, preferably 9), bagasse (5-12, preferably 8), sawdust (5-12, preferably 9), leaves (5-13, preferably 7), mud carbon (5-10, preferably 7), pig manure cow dung (8-15, preferably 9), sheep manure or chicken manure, oilcake (8-15), rice bran (2-3, preferably 2), bone meal (1-2, preferably 1), guano (1-2, preferably 1), powdered rock phosphate (1-2, preferably 2), seaweed meal (1-2, preferably 2), soil conditioner (8-15, preferably 10), oyster shell powders (3-5, preferably 4), lime powders (3-6, preferably 5), dolomite powder (3-6, preferably 4), magnesium powder (3-6, preferably 3), shrimp shell powders or crab shell powders (3-6, preferably 4), calcium-magnesium material (2-3, preferably 2) and hypobenthos (1-2, preferably 2). The oilcake includes soybean meal, peanut meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal or cotton seed meal. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is a cyclic ether, a monoether and mixture thereof, comprising tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxacyclo hexyl, 1,4-dioxacyclo hexyl, aether, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, diethoxymethane, 1,1-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, 1,1-dimethoxypropane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane. The raw material comprising grease is oil-containing organism of animal, plant or microorganism, and mixture thereof, comprising polly seed, cotton seed, rape seed, peanut, soybean, sesame, bancoul nut, seed of Jatropha, seed of Pistacia chinensis Bunge, seed of shiny-leaved yellowhorn, seed of Excoecaria sebifera, castor seed, olive, fruit of palm, coconut, flax seed, seed of safflower, perilla seed, rice bran, oil-containing alga, oil-containing bacteria, oil-containing fungus, oil-containing tissue of cattle, pig, fish, chicken and duck. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, or mixture thereof. The catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of the alcohol to oil is 20:1 to 300:1. The molar ratio of the catalyst to the grease is 0.2:1 to 2.4:1. The molar ratio of the cosolvent to the grease is 5:1 to 70:1. Preferred Conditions: The reaction is carried out under normal pressure at 25-65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises one or more additional fungicides, insecticides, nematicides and customary formulation auxiliaries. (I) comprises (a), thiamethoxam, and one or more abamectin, lamdba-cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, fipronil and 5-bromo-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-(4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, optionally comprising (A) one or more of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, fludioxonil, thiabendazole, ipconazole, cyprodinil, myclobutanil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ortho-cyclopropyl-carboxanilide, 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (2-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-amide. Preferred Components: The mass ratio between any two ingredients in the combination is 100:1-1:100. Preferred Method: The ingredients in the combination are applied simultaneously. (I) is applied on plant propagation material. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide; Nematocide; Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of (I) is 0.05-3 kg/hectare for foliar or soil treatments, via foliar, drench, spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in %): active ingredients (25); sodium lignosulfonate (5); sodium lauryl sulfate (3); highly dispersed silicic acid (5); and kaolin (62).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The electrolytic cell unit is in the form of a logistic product, particularly in the form of an exchangeable cassette. The electrolytic cell unit connectable to a device formed of the PEM fuel cell unit and the current control unit, where the PEM fuel cell unit and the current control unit are arranged as a part of the structure of an application device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic substrate is selected from an aqueous solution of alcohols and sugars, where the alcohol is methanol or ethanol, and the sugar is fructose, aldose or glucose. The aqueous solution of methanol is used as the substrate, where the methanol content is at least 30 (particularly 30-40) vol.%. The enzyme is a dehydrogenase corresponding to an organic substance, where the enzyme is a methanol dehydrogenase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is silver or gold. The nanostructure deposits are wires (preferred), sheets, cubes, spheres, needles or rods. The metal nanostructure deposits comprise metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid dopant comprises tartaric acid, camphosulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, mandelic acid, poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and/or para-toluenesulfonic acid. The metal is silver and the acid dopant is citric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid. EXAMPLE - The concentrated polyaniline solution was poured onto a glass substrate and smeared into a homogeneous thin film. The glass substrate and film were kept in a leveled oven at 55 degrees C or 2 days. The dried film was then detached from the glass substrate. The pristine metal-polyaniline films were then dried in air for 1 hour, then sandwiched between two Kim wipes, and placed under a flat metal weight (15 kg) for 1 day to keep the dry film flat. The resulting thermally cured, dense polyaniline film had a thickness of 1-350 mu m. The films were then doped by immersing them into an acid solution for 24-144 hours followed by three rinses in water (100 ml) for 1-30 minutes. The acid doped films was cut into pieces and immersed into freshly prepared aqueous metal ion solutions, and worked up to give metal-polymer composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The titanium dioxide clusters are in the form of nanostructured anatase. The active phase comprises aluminum ions (0.2-20 wt.%) and sodium ions (0.2-20, preferably 0.5-25 wt.%). The catalyst comprises a complexing agent which increases aluminates concentration in the active phase and promotes titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is preferably ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out in presence of ultra violet (preferably having wave length of 254 nm). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises at least one metal oxide comprising at least one of alumina, silica, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide and/or titanium oxide, preferably zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The frequency is controlled, and the frequency is 1-10000 MHz, preferably 500-3000 MHz. The power density is controlled, and the power density is 0.01-10 watts/cc. The feedstock comprises plant oil and/or animal oil. The plant oil comprises canola oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, mustard seed oil, palm oil, corn oil, soya oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil and/or olive oil. The animal oil comprises at least one of animal fat, yellow grease, animal tallow, pork fat, pork oil, chicken fat, chicken oil, mutton fat, mutton oil, beef fat and/or beef oil. The middle distillate product comprises at least one of diesel, kerosene, and gasoline fractions. Preferred Method: The method further comprises modulating the amplitude, the frequency, or the pulse width of the RF or microwave energy. The method is performed at an operating pressure, which is adjusted between a negative pressure of 14 psig, preferably 25 psig, and a positive pressure of 600 psig, preferably 300 psig. The method is performed at an operating temperature of 150-600 degrees C, preferably 300-450 degrees C. The method has a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) corresponding to the rate at which the feedstock contacts the catalyst, and the LHSV is 0.25-5/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The proton exchange membrane comprises a sulfonic perfluorocarbon proton conductive membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon compound is at least partially percolated. The carbon in the carbon compound is pure. The carbon is present in the form of a diamond structure. The carbon is present in the form of nanotubes. The carbon compound is a hydrocarbon compound; or a solid hydrocarbon metal solution. The metal oxide elements contain groups III-V elements of the periodic table. The metal oxide is present at least partially, in the ternary and/or quaternary compounds. (I) comprises at least one further metal in addition to the metal; or at least one further metal oxide in addition to the metal oxide. The additional metal element is group I elements of the periodic table. The metal is nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or vanadium. The metal is in the form of nanoclusters. The metal is present in quantized state. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The washing device is a washing column that is operated in countercurrent and comprises structured packings or fillers as separating elements. The mechanical separation device is a centrifuge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The supply of kinetic energy is brought about by stirring. The mechanical separation process is centrifugation. The step of product conditioning comprises drying and/or filtering. A thick sludge containing a steryl glycoside is obtained from the fifth product stream after subjecting it to further processing, where the thick sludge is disposed or supplied to further use. Preferred Components: The alkanol is methanol and/or ethanol. EXAMPLE - Palm oil having mass flow rate of 2.5 kg/hour and sodium methylate (as catalyst 0.5 wt.%, relative to oil amount and methanol with 1.5-times molar excess of oil) were subjected to transesterification, where the transesterification was carried out at 40-65 degrees C. 3% Hydrochloric acid (1 wt.%) was added to neutralize the excess catalyst. The acid crude ester was subjected to washing with water in washing column. A suspension layer was formed at the interface between heavy water phase and light ester phase, which solidified into sludge like consistency. The sludge particles, containing steryl glycoside/fatty acid alkyl ester/water, were homogenized with the ester phase. The ester phase was mixed with warm (40 degrees C) fresh water by intensive mixer and subjected to centrifugation at the same temperature to separate heavy, water containing, sludge phase and light phase containing fatty acid methyl ester and water content of 1000 ppm and followed by drying to obtain biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (A) is trialkylamines, dialkylmonohydroxyalkylamine, monoalkyldihydroxyalkylamine or trihydroxyalkylamine (preferably N-methyldiethanolamine or triethanolamine). The first activator is monoethanolamine or diethanolamine. The piperazine derivative is 2-alkylpiperazine, 2-hydroxyalkylpiperazine, 2-aminoalkylpiperazine or 2-phenylpiperazine, where the phenyl has further substituents. Preferred Composition: (I) comprises more than one additional inhibitor based on silicone oil (1-100 ppm). EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): triethanolamine (35); monoethanolamine (6); 2-ethylpiperazine (4); 2-(aminoalkyl)piperazine (4); and water (51).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal and second metal layers consist of aluminum, niobium, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, and/or rare earth elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst body is dehydrogenation catalyst body in which hydrogen is taken out from cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, isopropanol, 2-propanol, and/or alicyclic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkaline substance is an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, preferably calcium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The catalyst support substrate has projection portion or groove portion, a nano carbon material (13) provided to projection portion or groove portion, and catalyst supported to nano carbon material. The substrate contains a material of silicon, metal or their oxides. The shape of the projection portion is cylinder, cone, truncated cone, polygon pillar, polyhedral cone or polygon frustum. Preferred Compound: The catalyst is nickel, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, copper, platinum and/or ruthenium. Preferred Material: The nano carbon material is carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanofilmant, carbon nanowall or carbon nanocoil vertically aligned with respect to surface of the projection portion or groove portion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic liquid is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The reaction mixture is not cooled during addition of chelating agent. Preferred Process: The fatty acid alkyl ester is purified by distilling the aliphatic alcohol without cooling the light liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Properties: The wood-type waste material has average particle diameter of 100 mm or less, and moisture content of 50 %mass or less. The content of wood-type waste material is 10-230 %mass with respect to dechlorinated organic waste. Preferred Process: A pulverization process and adjustment of particle diameter of the dechlorinated organic waste are further performed after fermenting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon-containing nutritive compounds comprise monosaccharides, disaccharides, and/or polysaccharides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component containing cellulose is a waste material, preferably organic refuse. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid carbonaceous particles comprise solid fossil fuel, coal, coke derived from coal, or coke derived from petroleum oil. The biomass comprises biological material selected from wood, plant material, municipal waste, green waste, byproducts of farming or food processing waste, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp, and algae. Steam is co-fed into the gasifier with the mixture of slurry and oxygen-containing gas. Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of solid carbonaceous particles to biomass pyrolysis oil is 60:40-40:60. Preferred Properties: The solid carbonaceous particles have an average particle size of 0.01-10 mm. The viscosity of slurry is 1000-3000 cPs at 30-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Bituminous coal and pyrolysis bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of wood chips were used to form slurry at coal:bio-oil weight ratio of 61:39. The slurry was strongly shear thinning and plastic with viscosity of 6339 cPs at 22.5/s and plastic yield stress of 0.477 N-m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-treatment comprises acid pre-treatment and additionally heat treatment. The DDG/S are introduced to the lignocellulose containing material at 4-48 w/w.%, preferably 16 w/w.% of DDG/S/lignocellulose-containing material. Preferred Components: The lignocellulose-containing material is corn stover, corn cobs, corn fiber, switch grass, wheat straw, rice straw or bagasse. EXAMPLE - Milled corn stover was mixed with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDG/S) and slurried in dilute sulfuric acid (1% on dry solid basis, solid to liquid ratio of 1:10). The slurried mixture was heat treated in a sand bath at 170 degrees C for 8 minutes. DDGs was added at 4 wt.% based on corn stover and 16 wt.% based on corn stover. The pre-treated corn stover with DDG/S was washed before adding cellulase preparation A (comprising a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity, a beta-glucosidase and cellulolytic enzymes preparation derived from Trichoderma reesei) (6 mg enzyme protein/g total solid (TS) at 5% TS loading). The washed mixture was hydrolyzed by cellulase preparation A at 50 degrees C to give sugar (20.8 g/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex oxide is catalyst metal oxide of nickel, cobalt, iron and/or copper, and reaction compound containing aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide. The mixture contains metal salt of yttrium, samarium and/or gadolinium, and metal salt aqueous solution containing cerium. The oxide having ionic conductivity is yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and/or ytterbium oxide, zirconia, samarium oxide doped with cerium oxide, gadolinium oxide doped with cerium oxide and/or yttrium oxide doped with cerium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction part comprises carbon monoxide removal part which reduces carbon monoxide concentration of reaction material and produces fuel gas, and vaporization part which vaporizes fuel and water and produces mixed gas.The reaction apparatus main body comprises modification part as second reaction part which produces fuel gas containing hydrogen by reaction of mixed gas.The reaction apparatus comprises modification part which produces reformed gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moisture content of water containing organic waste is greater than or equal to 60% of high water content organic waste. The moisture content adjustment material is moisture content adjustment material of fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant waste is straw, wood shaving, sawdust, deadwood, dreg of a decoction, pot ale, or used edible fungi culture medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of NMS culture medium to methane to air in the sealing bottle is 5:2.5-3.5:15-18, replacing with methane in the sealing bottle every 48 hours, such that the volume ratio of NMS culture medium to methane to air in the sealing bottle is 5:2.5-3.5:15-18. The culture solution obtained in step (b) is inoculated to the new NMS culture medium every 10 days, and the volume ratio of the culture solution in the step (b) to the NMS culture medium is 10:90. The NMS culture medium is prepared by mixing 100 ml of solution A with 1 ml of solution B, and then adding water until the volume becomes 1 l, sterilizing the mixture, and adding 10 ml of solution C to sterilized mixture to obtain NMS culture medium. The solution A is prepared by mixing (in g/l): potassium nitrate (10), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (10) and calcium chloride dehydrate (2). The solution B is prepared by mixing ferric-EDTA (0.38), sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate (0.26), ferrous sulfate (0.5), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (0.02), cobaltous chloride hexahydrate (0.05), boric acid (0.015), sodium-EDTA (0.25), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.4), nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.01) and copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.025). The solution C (pH 6.8) is prepared by mixing disodium hydrogen phosphate (71.6) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (26).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the waste water processing system for combined tidal flow artificial wetland, the reinforcing reaeration groove (15) is set between the plant zones on the aerobic ecological sand layer (17). The matrix of the reinforcing reaeration groove (15) is selected from one or more of pebble, gravel, broken stone, grit or zeolite. The earthworm is raised in the sand layer of the aerobic ecological sand layer (17). The wetland plant (1) is selected from one or more of willow, poplar tree or gingko. The matrix of denitrification reinforcing layer (7) is selected from one or more of sand, zeolite, vermiculite or fly ash. The matrix of the water discharging layer (5) is selected from one or more of pebble, gravel, broken stone, grit or zeolite. The waste water volume between the liquid surface (12) flush with the water inlet of the siphon water inlet pipe (10) and the liquid surface (11) flush with the top end of the siphon water inlet pipe (10) in the non power automatic water charging device (9) is equal to the sum of the effective pore volume of the aerobic ecological sand layer (17) and the water volume between the liquid surface (6) flush with the bottom of the reinforcing reaeration layer and the liquid surface (4) flush with the top of the aerobic ecological sand layer in the non power automatic water discharging device (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of cement/lime stones/polyferric sulfate grains is 1:7:0.05.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In acclimating sludge and synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoic ester by sludge, in step (a), the concentration of the active sludge is 1-4 g/L. In step (a) the active sludge is added to the acclimating reaction tank of the sludge acclimating device; the pH is regulated to be 5.0-9.0. In step (a), one acclimating period is 20-24 hours. In step (a), the aerobic aeration time is 19-23 hours; the deposition time is 20-30 minutes; the upper clear liquid is discharged. In step (a), the water is culture medium solution; the component in every 1 L of culture medium solution and concentration in the acclimating reaction system are as follows: 0.4-1.2 mg/L of CH3COOH, 117-351 mg/L of potassium chloride (KCl), 75-225 mg/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate trihydrate (K2HPO4.3H2O), 97-291 mg/L of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), 75-225 mg/L of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), 27-81 mg/L of calcium chloride (CaCl2), 5-15 mg/L of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O), 167-501 mg/L of peptone, and 62-186 mg/L of yeast extract. In step (b), the temperature of the synthetic reaction tank is 20-35 degrees C; the aeration process is as follows: carrying out aeration for 15-60 minutes, stopping aeration for 15-60 minutes; starting the mechanical stirring when stopping aeration; the aeration amount is 1-3 L/L/minute. In step (b), the stirring speed is 200-500 rpm. In step (b), the concentration of acetic acid in the synthetic reaction system is 2.5-6.0 mL/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the methane tank, the filtering devices (6, 7) are installed on the material liquid outlet (3). The filtering devices (6, 7) are screens with different apertures, the screen with small aperture is close to the material liquid outlet. The predecomposition tank (2) is installed on the top of the fermentation tank (1), and the bottom covers the fermentation tank (1) completely. The bottom of the predecomposition tank (2) is a slope, the side which is installed with the material liquid outlet (3) is lower than the other side. The fermentation tank (1) and the predecomposition tank (2) are provided with insulating layers (8). The predecomposition tank (2) is installed around the fermentation tank (1) so as to cover the fermentation tank (1). The organic material is stacked in the predecomposition tank (2), and stacking thickness is 50-1000 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the feeding system for producing marsh gas via straw fermentation, the valve (3), the valve (6), the valve (9), the valve (14), the valve (15), the valve (19) and the valve (21) adopt the electromagnetic valves or/and manual valves. The level meter (5) is provided on the feeding tank (4); a level meter (23) is provided on the secondary feeding tank (20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The effective volumes of cathode and anode reaction chambers are both 100-500 ml. The anode and cathode are made of carbon cloth. The anode and electrode are connected with the carbon cloth and the external circuit via insulating rubber copper conducting wires, with the interface being insulated and sealed with adhesive and stood for 20-30 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Adhesive is applied in the electrode reaction chamber preparation, electrode preparation and electrode fixation. The adhesive is a thermoset resin adhesive and one or more of epoxy resin 6106, 828, 618 and 634. A hardening agent for adhesive is phenolic amine, polyamide and/or modified aromatic amines.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode solution is electron donor solution that is nitrate solution, ferricyanide solution and/or permanganate salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode solution contains electron donor raw water comprising organic wastewater, glucose solution and/or sodium acetate. The electron donor raw water is added with microbiological nutrient solution for generating electric bacteria domestication, with the components specified as 500-1200 mg/L of sodium acetate, 50-120 mg/L of nitrogen, 3000-7000 mg/L of phosphorus and 30-150 mg/L of potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culture wastewater is obtained from the pig farm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder is aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide. The lanthanide series metal is lanthanum or cerium and the alkali metal is sodium or potassium. The ZSM molecular sieve is ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 molecular sieve. The mole ratio of the silicon and aluminum of the ZSM molecular sieve is 100-1000, preferably 150-800.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Conditions: The layers of four bacteria layers are provided with wetland stuffing. The activated carbon filter layer is 30-50 mm thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic hydrolysis agent is concentrated sulfuric acid. The dispersing agent is quartz powder or spun yarn passing through 60 meshes. The quartz powder comprises industrial products with more than 70% silicon dioxide. The dispersing agent disperses chicken waste. The wrapping agent calcium superphosphate comprises calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate dihydrate. The pH adjusting agent is lime. The adhesion agent is silica sol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The odor absorbing agent is humic acid used for hydrolysis reaction of livestock and poultry manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The steam on top of product tower is fed in reboiler of the recycling tower and reboiler of aldehyde removing tower as the heating medium. Preferred Parameters: The product tower has top operating absolute pressure of 0.15-0.5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microbial agent is strain or microbial solution including Bacillus licheniformis, B.subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum and Aspergillus. The thickness of the strains is 10 billion/g or more. The microbial solution is obtained by diluting the strains. The microbial solution has 1% thickness of the strain. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The blend ratio of wood-type fine powder and livestock excrement is 35-65 wt.%. The moisture content of excrement supplied from supply apparatus is 70-80 wt.%. The quantity of dry mixture supplied to composite biomass fuel packing apparatus is 10-30 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The purified wood-type fine powder has thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm, lateral width of 1-10 mm, length of 2-20 mm and bulk density of 0.1-0.3 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mixture is dried, baked, calcined, pulverized and molded to obtain catalyst. The catalyst is manufactured by adding precipitant to mixed solution of nickel compound and magnesium compound, co-precipitating nickel and magnesium to obtain deposit, adding and mixing alumina powder, water or alumina sol to deposit to obtain mixture, drying and calcining mixture, adding and mixing alumina powder, water or alumina sol to the mixture to obtain a mixture (I), and drying and baking the mixture (I). The modification of tar-containing gas is carried out in presence of a catalyst. The hydrogen in the tar-containing gas emitted when a carbonaceous raw material is thermally decomposed, carbon dioxide and steam are contacted, and the tar in the tar-containing gas is modified and gasified. The hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or steam are contacted with the tar-containing gas emitted from the exterior, and tar-containing gas is modified and gasified. An oxygen-containing gas is added to the gas for modification, and the tar-containing gas is contacted with the gas for modification, and a portion of hydrogen or hydrocarbon in the tar-containing gas is burned. The tar-containing gas is contacted with catalyst at 600-1000 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The tar-containing gas contains hydrogen sulfide (20 ppm or more). Preferred Properties: The catalyst has alumina content of 20-80 %mass, magnesium content of 5-45 %mass, preferably 10-25 %mass, and nickel content of 1-50 %mass, preferably 1-35 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred : The non-selective foliage treatment type herbicide includes A-1, A-5, A-6, A-7 and A-8. The method involves using foliage treatment type herbicide chosen from A-5, A-6 and A-7, and soil processing type herbicide chosen from B-1, B-4, B-5, B-9, B-10, B-11, B-12, B-13, B-15, B-16, B-17, B-18, B-21, B-22, B-23, B-24, B-25 and B-27. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. In a test for measuring the ability to control Alopercurus aequalis in paddy field, the combination of compounds including A-5, B-13 and B-1 inhibited the growth of weeds to 100%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The concentration of the superabsorbent in the medium is 0.1-1% (dry wt/wt. of the dry medium) or greater than or equal to 0.1 to less than 1% (dry wt/wt of the dry medium). In the method, greater than or equal to 90% of the superabsorbent is located in a soil depth of 0-50 cm. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The concentration of the superabsorber in the medium is 0.1-1% (dry wt/wt. of the dry medium) or greater than or equal to 0.1 to less than 1% (dry wt/wt. of the dry medium). In the method, greater than or equal to 90% of the superabsorbent is located in a soil depth of 0-50 cm. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises propane (30-70 wt.%) and fluoroethane (30-70 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pretreated Enteromorpha and other biomasses are uniformly mixed to obtain mixture. The biomasses are biomasses capable of producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation including dairy manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sewage treatment factory and kitchen waste. The device for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation has various scales of livestock manure anaerobic fermentation tanks, urban domestic-sewerage treatment factory mud anaerobic digestion device or country user biogas tank. When performing pretreatment process the device is covered with plastic film. When the concentration of Enteromorpha is 50 vol.% or more in the mixture, washing process with water is performed to remove its salt from the surface before mixing the Enteromorpha with biomasses.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The particle impurities are filtered through a 300-500 meshes membrane filter, and then the filtrate is sent into an inorganic membrane system for separating and obtaining useful flora for generating flocculant engineering bacteria; and then the liquid separated and processed by the inorganic membrane system is sent into an inorganic membrane system for purification and concentration so as to obtain concentrated solution. The method includes drying and burning the particle impurities and the garbage so as to obtain the residua; and doping the residua obtained by burning the garbage with the concentrated solution as the raw material of the light wall body material; separating and classifying the useful flora for generating the flocculant engineering bacteria so as to treat the urban sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The methane gas is added at 0-5 degrees C and 3-200 pressure for 24-168 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The synthesis gas separated from the gas mixture obtained in the second reactor is used as a cooling gas for the second reactor. The cooling gas introduced in the second reactor has a temperature of 100-120 degrees C. The cooling gas removed from the second reactor has a temperature of 205-215 degrees C. The cooling gas removed from the second reactor is led back to the first reactor. The recirculated cooling gas is fed into the first reactor together with fresh synthesis gas and the proportion of the fresh synthesis gas is 15-40 vol.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode fuel electrode of fuel cell contains platinum and ruthenium by weight ratio of 1:1. The cathode air electrode of fuel cell contains platinum and ruthenium by weight ratio of 1:1 and metals and carbon by weight ratio of 80:20. Preferred Process: The cathode air electrode and anode fuel electrode of fuel cell are obtained by mixing catalyst of zeolite, cordierite, carbon and organometallic complex with solution of PTFE and Nafion (RTM: Not defined) and making into paste-form, and applying mixture of paste-form to surface of carbon paper which carried out water-repellent process. The membrane electrode assembly is formed by interposing Nafion 117 (RTM: Not defined) which functions as electrolyte membrane between anode fuel electrode and cathode air electrode, and performing thermocompression-bonding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The catalyst having electric potential of anode pole during open circuit is lower than the electric potential of cathode pole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal component is rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ligand is porphyrin compound. Preferred Process: The metal complex is supported by an electroconductive carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The downstream reactor is carbon monoxide removal device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic furan is 2,5-furan, 2-methylfuran or dimethylfuran. The quantity of gasoline is 50-97 vol.%, the sum total of quantity (y) of ethanol and quantity (Z) of aromatic furan is 3-50 vol.%. The amount of ethanol and aromatic furan satisfies the relation: 1 less than z less than or equal to y.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The chlorine-containing gas is supplied in water and/or basic aqueous solution. The dry-distilled gas or portion of tar obtained by separation process is utilized as a heat source for carbonization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The carbonization furnace is connected with heat-source supply unit, and has a path to supply dry-distilled gas as fuel of the heat-source supply unit or path to supply portion of tar as fuel of heat-source supply unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel further contains fuel reinforcing material such as edible oil and edible oil strained residue. Preferred Component: The liquor leeses are is shochu-liquor lees.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The algae composition comprises microalgae of at least one species of Cyanobacteria, Amphiprora, Chaetoceros, Isochrysis, Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Spirulena, Coelastrum, Micractinium, Euglena, or Dunaliella. The algae and fish comprise a freshwater species, marine species, briny species of microalgae and/or species of microalgae that live in brackish water (preferably marine species).The fish comprise piscivores, herbivores, zooplanktivores, and/or detritivores. The algae are concentrated by at least one round of foam fractionation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves providing a system where the algae and fish are cultured in a body of water; inducing the algae to accumulate lipids by a stressor; processing the lipids to form the biofuel feedstock; measuring the content of lipids in a sample of the algae, and repeating the culturing and inducing at least one time after the measuring step; concentrating the algae to form an algal composition prior to harvesting and inducing the algae to accumulate lipids; increasing or decreasing the total number of fish or the number of fish of at least one species. The conditions controllably modified by the fish comprise at least one of nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen level, temperature uniformity, zooplankton level, mollusk population, and crustacean population where the fish are confined in at least one cage in the body of water, the condition of the aquatic composition is controlled by increasing or decreasing the degree of mixing in the body of water. The stressor is culturing the algae at a concentration where at least one nutrient is limiting. The aquatic composition is supplemented with carbon dioxide or ashes. The system comprises open ponds on coastal land. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is performed in a reaction vessel and alkali metal chlorate, mineral acid and reducing agent are present in such proportions that chlorine dioxide is produced in a reaction medium maintained at 50-100 degrees C and 2-11 N acidity and subjected to sub-atmospheric pressure for evaporating water. A mixture of chlorine dioxide and water vapor is withdrawn from evaporation zone of reaction vessel. Alkali metal sulfate is precipitated in crystallization zone of reaction vessel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waste liquid further comprises sodium chloride derived in biodiesel production, unreacted methanol from biodiesel production, and unreacted vegetable oil or triglyceride used in biodiesel production. The waste liquid is recovered intact from biodiesel production which includes triglyceride esterification with methanol to produce biodiesel and glycerol. EXAMPLE - Waste glycerol from biodiesel plant (20 wt.%, containing 56.7 wt.% glycerol and 3.3 wt.% sodium chloride) was added to feed solution comprising sodium chlorate (1.85 M) and sulfuric acid (7.5 N) at 1.06 g/minute. Chlorine dioxide production was 10.25 g/minute and 4.28/g reducing agent. The use of waste glycerol did not enhance chlorine (Cl2) production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat medium is nitre or high boiling point organic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microorganism support is granular activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the on-vehicle hydrogen-rich gas generator, the insides of the reaction cavity and the generation cavity is partially separated by the insulate gland; where the use of the structure of three flabellate generation cavities connected in series is to increase the contact time and probability of air and voltaic arc and to make the plasma react more adequately. The electrode (3) mounted at the circle center of the angle of sector serves as anode; and the arch side wall (15) of a pedestal serves as cathode. The inlet (7) is arranged at the bottom and extended upwards axially; where the gas enters the reaction cavity via three flabellate generation cavities connected in series, and finally flows out from the upper outlet (11); and the gas is discharged from the top that is in favor of the discharge of nitrogen and steam. Preferred Parameters: The shape of the cross section of single generation cavity is 120 degrees sector; where the radius can be adjusted to 6-8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation catalyst comprises (pts.wt.) molybdenum oxide (11-13), cobalt oxide (2-3), nickel oxide (4-6), and aluminum oxide (70-80). The filling amount of the hydrogenation catalyst is 66-70% of the effective volume of the hydrogenation reactor. The filling amount of the desulfurization agent is 54-60% of the effective volume of the desulphurization reactor. Preferred Components: The desulfurization agent is zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel composition further comprises an antioxidant. The hydrocarbonaceous fuel comprises gasoline. The non-hydrocarbonaceous fuel comprises methanol, ethanol, and/or butanol. The alkoxylate detergent is derived from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and/or butylene oxide. The additive component comprises 4-30C tall oil fatty acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The alkoxylate detergent comprises a polyether of formula R3O(CH2CH(R4)O)qH; and/or a polyetheramine of formulae R6O(A2O)mR7NR8R9 or R10O(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O)zCH2CH2CH2NH2. The polyetheramine has a molecular weight of 300-5000.R3=hydrocarbyl;R4=H and/or 1-6C hydrocarbyl;q=2-50;R6=1-50C hydrocarbyl, or 8-30C hydrocarbyl;A2, R7=2-18, preferably 2-6C alkylene;m=1-50;R8, R9=H, hydrocarbyl, or -(R'N(R''))nR''';R'=2-6C alkylene;R'', R'''=H or hydrocarbyl;n=1-7;R10=aliphatic group or alkyl-substituted 8-30C Ph; andz=12-30. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process (A1) further involves adding a catalyst to the pre-treated material in advance of the microwave pyrolysis. In the process (A1), the pre-treating step (b1) involves acid pre-treatment using hydrogen sulfide (H2SO4) (4 wt.%). In the process (A2), the remaining pyrolyzed material obtained from step (d2) is subjected to reformation prior to the condensation of step (e2). Preferred Components: The biomass is selected from corn stover and/or aspen wood. The bio-oil comprises a condensable water-soluble fraction comprising furfural, and a condensable insoluble fraction comprising a mixture of heavy oils. The catalyst is a silicon carbide (SiC) catalyst. The catalytic reformation comprises a NaO-KOH/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) catalyst. EXAMPLE - Aspen wood was pretreated with sulfuric acid solution (0.5 wt.%), before pyrolysis. The mixed material was then air dried and/or oven dried at 60-100 degrees C until the moisture content of the sample was 10%. The dried aspen sample was mixed with sodium carbonate powder using a weight ratio of 100:0.5 aspen to sodium carbonate. Pyrolysis temperature was measured at 400 degrees C, and bio-oil composition (yield: 45.8%) was obtained. The chemical composition of pyrolysis vapors contained significant amounts of furfural and methoxy-furanethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The decomposition temperature of sulfuric-acid decomposition apparatus is 100-140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gasoline: In the waterproof methanol gasoline, the isobutanol is replaced by the normal butanol. It is prepared by: (a) mixing all constituents of additive except emulsifier on a basis of a proportion for use; (b) mixing the gasoline and light oil uniformly based on the proportion, and adding the methanol in proportion into the mixture of gasoline and light oil; (c) adding the mixture of constituents of additive without emulsifier into the mixture of gasoline, light oil and methanol in the condition of stirring; and (d) gradually adding the emulsifier and stirring for 30 minutes until obtaining the even and transparent mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing high-performance low-platinum catalyst for a methanol fuel cell, the Pd salt mentioned in step (a) refers to Pd chloride or Pd nitrate. The concentration of the chloroplatinic acid or the mixture of chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride is that the theoretical mass of platinum or platinum and ruthenium is 2%-3% of the mass of the catalyst precursors. In step (b), if the mixture of chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride is adopted, the mass ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the ruthenium trichloride is 1:0.2-1:5. The carbon powder should be pre-processed through the following steps: firstly, repeatedly washing it using acetone; and then processing it using 1-3 mol.L-1 while stirring; and finally, oxidizing it for 1-5 hours using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a mass concentration being 20-30%. The Pt or Pt and Ru cover the Pd alloy and are together carried on the carbon powder. The mass of Pt or Pt and Ru is 2-20% of total mass of the catalyst; and the Pd alloy modified by Pt or Pt and Ru accounts for 10-60% of the total mass of the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the MOF is exposed to the metal site titrant for a period of time from several minutes to several hours. Preferred Components: The metal organic framework is selected from copper-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), a.k.a., copper benzene tricarboxylate-1 (HKUST-1), zinc-metal organic framework-74 (Zn-MOF-74), copper-cobalt-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid-27 (Co-CPO-27), nickel-cobalt-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid-27 (Ni-CPO-27), magnesium-2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzene dicarboxylate (Mg-DOBDC), Cu(F-pymo), Pd(F-pymo), Pd(H-pymo), Pt/Y MOF, Pt/Gd MOF, Dy-btc, M3(Co(CN)6)2-Prussian Blue compound, NaNi3(OH)(SIP)2, manganese-benzenetristetrazolate metal organic framework (Mn-BTT-MOF), metal organic framework-505 (MOF-505), university of Michigan crystalline material-150 (UMCM-150), (zinc)3-N,N-Bis(sodiooxycarbonylmethyl)glycine (Zn3NTB), Cd-aptz, Er-PDA, Cu2-bpz, and Mn-ndc (preferably Cu-BTC, Zn-MOF-74, Ni-COP-27, Co-CPO-27, and Mg-DOBDC). The metal site titrant is selected from water, ammonia, acetonitrile and hydrogen fluoride (HF) (especially water). The gas has a dipole moment smaller than the metal site titrant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In step (A), the water quality parameters are: total biochemical oxygen demand quantity of five days (BOD5), the total chemical oxygen demand determined by potassium dichromate method (CODcr), the suspended solid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-H) and total nitrogen (TN). The step of calculating the volume and aeration cell gas providing quantity of membrane bioreactor is: (1) calculating the effective volume of membrane bioreactor using V=24LiQ/1000Fv, in which V is the effective volume of the membrane bioreactor and the unit is m3; Li is the BOD5 of the inlet water of the membrane bioreactor and the unit is mg/L; Q is the designed water treating quantity of membrane bioreactor and the unit is m3/hour; Fv is the BOD5 volume loading of membrane bioreactor and the unit is kg/m3asteriskday; and (2) calculating the aeration cell gas providing quantity using Gs=(R0/0.3Ea)x 100, in which Gs is the gas providing quantity of the aeration cell and the unit is m3/hour; R0 is the oxygen charging quantity of the deoxidized water on the standard condition and the unit is kg/hour; Ea is the oxygen transferring rate of the disperser. The simulation software is Biowin, GPS-X or WEST.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pulse discharge or direct current discharge is applied between metal zinc electrodes. The pulse discharge is alternating current pulse discharge. Preferred Properties: The zinc oxide nanoparticles have length of 10-1000 nm, aspect ratio of 2 or more and peak which is derived from E1(LO) in Raman spectrum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of ester group-containing compounds (1 and 2) and maleic anhydride is 0.1-0.95:0.1-0.95:0.01-0.2. Preferred Compound: The ester group-containing compounds (1 and 2) are chosen from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, N-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate and/or octadecyl (meth)acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The copolymer has average molecular weight of 5000-100000 g/mol, and molecular weight distribution degree of 1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigeration agent comprises (pts.wt.) propylene (42.5), propane (35), tetrafluoroethane (10.5), trifluoroethane (7.5) and liquid carbon dioxide (10.5).
SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed is an enzyme isolated from Bacillus cereus BC002 for degrading carbendazim of pesticide comprising 404 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. 1) and its encoding gene comprising 1215 bp (SEQ ID NO. 2). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises:(A) cultivating alga and substrate glucose (10-15 g/L) at 23-30 degrees C and 30-80 UEM-2.S-1 light intensity, collecting and concentrating when concentration of alga is above 60 million cells/ml, and extracting fat from alga; and(B) adding methanol and fat into a reactor, adding ion exchange resin as catalyst for ester exchange reaction at 40-50 degrees C for 30-40 minutes, setting aside and delaminating, separating lower layer of glycerin and distilling to obtain biodiesel.The alga cultivation comprises heterotrophic cultivation. The method comprises collecting and concentrating when concentration of alga is above 60 million cells/ml after cultivation for 165-170 hours. The fat extraction comprises centrifuging collected alga slurry, extracting with alkane, separating, distilling and recycling the alkane to obtain fat. During ester exchange reaction, alga fat, methanol and ion exchange resin are added in ester exchange reaction device under ultrasonic stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil yielding plants are rapeseed, soy, palm, Jatropha, flax, Camelina and/or sunflower.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The deproteinized plant ingredients are compressed to press bodies, preferably pellets (11). The oil plants have seeds with seed bodies. The seed bodies are surrounded by seed shells. The seed shells are removed at least partially, preferably predominantly from the rest of the plant ingredients, from which the proteins are obtained. The seed bodies and seed shells are separated at least partially, preferably predominantly from each other, before the oil is extracted. The seed bodies are pressed for the extraction of oil and the pressed residue forms the rest of the plant ingredients. In the separation or pressing process, the temperature of the seed body is less than or equal to 100 degrees C, preferably 65 degrees C. The seed shells are pressed to extract oil (10) and the deproteinized plant ingredients are processed together with the pressed residue of the seed shell for energy utilization. The processed plant ingredients are utilized for producing energy by burning. The oil extracted from the oil plant is esterified (6) and the resulting glycerol is used for producing energy (7a, 7b), preferably for the production of current and/or heat. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The primary fuel fed to gasification unit is coal, petroleum oil, petroleum gas, biomass, heavy oil, residues from refinery, waste, especially organic waste, and/or slurries.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ingredient is carboxylic acids, di-acids and/or esters; amines, amides and/or imides; hindered phenols and/or aromatic and aryl amines. The fuel mixture comprises 5-95 vol.% of ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The feed gas stream is natural gas stream comprising (vol.%) carbon dioxide (1-90, preferably 5-80) and/or hydrogen sulfide (0.1-60, preferably 20-40) as gaseous contaminants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The feed gas stream comprises methane (20-80 vol.%). The first and second cooling temperature is - 80 to - 30 (preferably - 65 to - 40) degrees C. The second temperature is lower than first temperature by up to 20 degrees C. Preferred Condition: The feed gas stream is provided at - 20-150 (preferably - 10-70) degrees C and absolute pressure of 10-150 (preferably 80-120) bar. Preferred Method: The first cooling step is performed through isenthalpic expansion, or nearly isentropic expansion with feed gas stream being pre-cooled to - 35-15 (preferably - 20-10) degrees C before expansion. Preferred Component: The external refrigerant has higher molecular weight than methane enriched gaseous phase to be cooled, and comprises propane cycle, ethane/propane mixed refrigerant or ethane/propane cascade (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves separating the degradation product from the biomass. The biomass is chosen from sewage, agricultural waste products, straw, corn stover, brewery grain byproducts, food waste, organic industry waste, forestry waste, crops, grass, seaweed, plankton, algae, fish and/or fish waste. The biomass is seaweed or mixture of seaweed and at least one other biomass. The biomass is degraded in the presence of a cell density of microorganism including MH-I (Accession No. DSM 22925), of greater than 109 cells/ml. The degradation product is acetate. The method further involves feeding the acetate to methanogenic bacteria under conditions such that the acetate is converted to methane. The method further involves feeding the at least one degradation product to culture system comprising algae under conditions such that the growth of algae is enhanced. The method involves producing fatty acids from the algae. The organic matter is chosen from sewage, agricultural waste products, brewery grain by-products, food waste, organic industry waste, forestry waste, crops, grass, seaweed, plankton, algae, fish, fish waste, corn potato waste, sugar cane waste, sugar beet waste, straw, paper waste, chicken manure, cow manure, hog manure and/or switchgrass. The biomass is previously fermented in an anaerobic system in the presence of methanogenic microorganisms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first fuel component is pressurized by a liquefied hydrocarbon (preferably butane).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is present at 0.1-40 wt.%, preferably 0.5-20 wt.% of the diesel fuel composition. The diesel fuel composition has a cetane rating of at least 40, preferably at least 50. In (II), (I) is present at 0.5 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.% of the diesel fuel composition, and cetane rating of the diesel fuel composition is 40, preferably 45. In (III), (I) is present at 0.5 wt.% of the diesel fuel composition, and cetane rating of the diesel fuel composition is 40. The fuel component comprises a biofuel. The diesel fuel comprises at least 10 wt.% biodiesel. The unsaturated fatty acids comprise at least 10 wt.% oleic acid. The alcohol comprises at least 85 wt.% methanol. In (IV), the unsaturated ester species are present at 0.05 wt.% of the biodiesel fuel. In (V), the diesel fuel comprises a bio-derived component. Preferred Method: The epoxidizing step is carried out in the presence of a peroxide. (IV) further comprises a step of blending the biodiesel fuel composition with another diesel fuel to form a diesel fuel mixture having a cetane rating of at least 40, where the another diesel fuel comprises biodiesel. In (IV), the step of epoxidizing converts at least 20% of the unsaturated ester species to epoxy-ester species. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chloride salt is potassium chloride or sodium chloride. The magnesium powder has a particle size of -100 mesh and the aluminum powder, if present, has a particle size of -325 mesh. The magnesium powder has a particle size of -100 mesh and the aluminum powder, if present, has a particle size of -325 mesh. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pre-treating the lignocellulosic matter prior to fractionating the hemicellulose. The pre-treating step comprises producing slurry comprising a mixture of the solvent and particles derived from the lignocellulosic matter. The method of fractionating lignocellulosic matter further comprises: removing solvated lignin from solid matter remaining after step (c); solvating cellulose from the solid matter remaining after step (c) to produce solvated cellulose; saccharifying solvated hemicellulose and/or solvated cellulose, to produce a fermentable saccharide; and fermenting the saccharide to produce a fermented sugar product. The steps of saccharifying and fermenting are performed simultaneously. Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic matter comprises at least 10% (preferably at least 20%) of lignin, at least 15% (preferably at least 25%) of cellulose, and at least 10% (preferably at least 20%) of hemicellulose. The solvent is an aqueous acid and the treatment is performed at a pH of below 6.5. The solvent is an aqueous base and the treatment is performed at a pH of above 7.5. The solvent is water and the treatment is performed at a pH of 6.5-7.5. The particles are 100-400 microns in size. The slurry comprises 5-20% lignocellulosic matter. The supercritical solvent is ethanol and the solvating in step (c) is performed at a temperature of above 230 degrees C, a pressure of above 55 atmospheres, and a pH of 6.5-7.5. The fermented sugar product is alcohol or an organic acid. The alcohol is ethanol, butanol, xylitol, mannitol or arabinol. The organic acid is glutamic acid or succinic acid. The supercritical solvent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal is copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The bi-dentate ligand (1) is 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The methanogenic bacteria is at least a bacteria of the family methanobacteriales, methanococcales, methanomicrobiales, methanosarcinales and/or methanopyrales. The methanogenic bacteria is at least a bacteria of the species Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Methanogenium, Methanosarcina and Methanothermobacter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: Additionally hydrogen is introduced to the second methanation step. The additional hydrogen is introduced in an amount, which ensures a molar ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen of 1:4. The separation step is carried by a chemical wash. The chemical wash is a water wash, a wash with sodium hydroxide, a Selexol (RTM: An acid gas removal solvent) wash or an amine wash, preferably ethanolamine-wash. The first gas portion is reacted in a combined heat and power plant under release of thermal energy to carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant is introduced into the reactor of the second methanation step. The second methanation step is carried out at 50 degrees C, preferably 70 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide gas portion of the first methanation step, carbon dioxide-containing gas obtained in the combined heat and power plant, hydrogen-containing hydrolysis gas obtained in the hydrolysis step and/or the additionally hydrogen are introduced in the reactor of the second methanation step by conducting through the bottom of the reactor of the second methanation step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.