TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Layer: The functional layer has charge transport function and/or charge generation function. The charge generation layer (CGL) is provided between the functional layer and the electrode. The CGL generates free charge carriers upon optical excitation, optionally under an electric field. The functional layer is a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer. The device has a free surface for charging by physical methods, preferably by corona charge. The charging is provided directly on one surface of the functional layer. The non-electroluminescent electronic device comprises electrode, a counter electrode and functional layer provided between the electrodes. The charge generation layer (CGL) is provided between the functional layer and one of the electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Unit: The repeating unit (I) is chosen from unit of formulae (Ia-Id).L=H, halo or optionally fluorinated, linear or branched 1-12C alkyl or alkoxy, or optionally substituted 1-40C aryl or heteroaryl;andL'=optionally fluorinated linear or branched 1-12C alkyl or alkoxy, or 1-40C optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl.Preferred Copolymer: The copolymer additionally comprises one or more aryl-containing repeating unit (II,III) of formula: -(Ar1-Y'(-Ar3)-Ar2)m- and -(T1)c-(Ar4)d-(T2)e-(Ar5)f-. The aryl-containing repeating unit (II) is chosen from unit of formulae (IIa-IIc).Y'=N, P, P=O, PF2, P=S, As, As=O, As=S, Sb, Sb=O or Sb=S, preferably N;Ar1=single bond or optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl;Ar2=optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl;Ar3=optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl;m=1-3;R=H, optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryloxy, arylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, carboxy, halo, cyano, nitro or hydroxy;c-f,r=0-4;s=0-5;T1,T2=thiophene, selenophene, thieno(2,3b)thiophene, thieno(3,2b)thiophene, dithienothiophene and pyrrole, optionally substituted with R5;R5=halo, -CN, -NC, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NR0R00, -C(=O)X, -C(=O)R0, -NH2, - NR0R00, -SH, -SR0, -SO3H, -SO2R0, -OH, -NO2, -CF3, -SF5, optionally substituted silyl, or 1-40C carbyl or hydrocarbyl optionally substituted and optionally containing one or more hetero atoms;Ar4,Ar5=mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted and optionally fused to 2,3-positions of one or both of adjacent thiophene or selenophene;andc+e=more than 1 and 6 or less.The copolymer comprises one or more repeating units chosen from anthracene, benzanthracene, ketone, carbazole, fluorene, spirobifluorene, phenathrene, dehydrophenanthrene, triazine imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, oxadiazole, quinoline, quinoxaline, pyrene, perylene, benzimidazole, phosphinoxide, phenazine, phenanthroline, triarylborane and their derivatives which are optionally substituted. The copolymer is of formula: (-(A)x-(B)y-)n. The copolymer is preferably of formulae (1a-1e).A=repeating unit of formula (I);B'=repeating unit of formula (II or III);x=more than 0.05 and less than 1, preferably 0.5;y=more than 0 and less than 0.95, preferably 0.5;x+y=1;n=more than 1;andR3,R4=R1.