TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ashless dispersant is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide (60-300 (preferably 60-90) ppm). The hydrocarbyl substituent of the succinimide is derived from polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of 500-5000. The phenolic antioxidant is a tertiary butyl phenol or a disubstituted tertiary butyl phenol. The middle distillate fuel comprises 10-20 wt.% of fatty acid methyl esters. Preferred Composition: In (I), the antioxidant system is present in an amount to deliver 20-100 ppm of at least one of a cyclic amine antioxidant and a phenolic antioxidant. (I) further comprises at least one additive comprising supplementary dispersants/detergents, antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, carrier fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, drag reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, dehazers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, antivalve-seat recession additives, surfactants, other lubricity additives combustion improvers and/or cetane number improvers. Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing the additive with the fuel. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in ppm): 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol (38); N-N-dimethyl cyclohexamine (20); and succinimide (60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting linear or branched secondary alcohol(s) with ethylene oxide at 20-180 degrees C; and capping with alkoxylene oxide at 20-180 degrees C. Preferred Component: The foam control agent is preferably of formula (III). EXAMPLE - A foam control agent was added to a fermentation broth to minimize foam formation during fermentation process. Once the foam reached a certain height, a defoamer, e.g. mineral oil was added to reduce the foam below a certain level. Each time the foam height reaches a certain level, more defoamer is added to again reduce the foam to the desired height. Results showed that for 300 mu L foam control agent, no adding of defoamer was required.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isoparaffins of greater than or equal to 15 carbons constitute 1.8-9 (preferably 2-9, especially not greater than 7) mass%. The isoparaffins of greater than or equal to 17 carbons constitute not greater than 3 mass%. The paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 70 (preferably not less than 75) mass%. The normal paraffins of greater than or equal to 13 carbons constitute not greater than 1 (preferably not greater than 0.5) mass%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Fuel: Oil is pressed and extracted, and obtained oils and fats plant residue is used as biomass. Preferred Method: The biomass is compression-molded and at least one of glycerin, fats and oils, and fatty acid alkylester is made to permeate the obtained product. Glycerin, glycerin-containing fatty acid alkylester, and/or glycerin and fatty acid alkylester, and biomass are mixed and compression-molded to obtain solid fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of Co, In and H- beta -molecular sieve is 2-5:2-5:100. The low hydrocarbon contains 1-3C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The M-salt is nickel dichloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate or copper nitrate trihydrate. The reducer is hydrazine hydrate, triethyl lithium borohydride or sodium borohydride. The platinum-based compound is chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV) or ammonium chloroplatinate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is glycol, water, tetrahydrofuran, propanetriol or ethanol. The stabilizer is tetra-n-octylammonium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The stabilizer is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal is cobalt, nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper and/or zinc. The cathode comprises copper or nickel. The transition metal source is cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous nitrate, copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, chromium sulfate, chromium chloride, chromium nitrate, manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and/or zinc nitrate. The phosphorus source is phosphorus or compound containing phosphorus. Additive chosen from amino acetic acid, boric acid, and sodium citrate dihydrate is added during the manufacture of the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mild temperature is at 34-37 degrees C, and the high temperature is at 54-65 degrees C. The raw material is collected urban garbage and agricultural wastes, where the solid concentration of solid organic waste is 20-30%. In step (b), the material used for inoculating a microbial inoculum of hydrogen and acetic acid production is anaerobic sludge of processed plant and domestic sewage (20-30 wt.%). In the step (3), the material used for inoculating microbial inoculum of methane production is the anaerobic sludge of normal marsh gas, and the inoculation concentration is 30-40 wt.% of material of methane production process subsequent to the hydrogen production process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backing layer and the gas diffusion layer are made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The high-pressure expansion machine expands at -50 degrees C under high pressure of 4 MPa with expansion ratio of 2-3. The low-pressure expansion machine expands at -90 degrees C under low pressure of 1.8 MPa with expansion ratio of 3-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas separation membrane is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene oxide allyl glycidyl ether and silicone rubber such as poly dimethyl siloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves adding sodium sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide to the heavy metal aqueous solution and insolubilized heavy metal. The method involves (a) heating the organic substance, (b) adding microorganisms capable of decomposing organic substance, surfactant, ozone or (c) decomposing by corona discharge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The steam/carbon molar ratio (S/C) of mixture of source gas and steam produced by humidification tank is 2.5-3. Preferred Components: The modification system further has oxidation air supply system which supplies cathode waste gas of fuel cell as air for oxidation of modifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film is composed of at least two outer layers made of TPU and inner layers made of polyethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. The methane permeation of the film is less than 1 cm3/m2.d bar, as measured according to ISO 15195-1 at 23 degrees C/0% of relative humidity based on a film thickness of 100 mu m. An intermediate layer made of olefin-based polymer adhesive is found between the inner layers and outer layers of the film. At least one of the layers of the film is made of TPU with polyether-diol component. The polymer adhesive is a material made of modified ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The outer layer contains up to 30 wt.% of an antistatic agent. The film has a total thickness of 50-800 mu m, where the thickness of the outer layer is 20-400 mu m, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 5-200 mu m and the thickness of inner layer is 5-50 mu m. Preferred Process: The layer made of TPU is equipped with an adhesive comprising (a) antiblocking agents, inorganic or organic spacers, (b) lubricants or mold release agents, (c) pigments or fillers or (d) stabilizers, where the amount of (a)-(d) is 0-30 wt.%. The film is produced by a coextrusion process, or blown coextrusion process. At least one of the outer layers of the film is subjected to physical and/or chemical surface treatment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The combustible fraction is converted to fuel agglomerates at 200 degrees C or more, preferably 240-290 degrees C, more preferably 270 degrees C. The combustible fraction is dried to moisture content of 2-10%, preferably 3-5%. During conversion process of combustible fraction, the fraction is further dried under high temperature and pressure, and removal of salt from combustible fraction is carried out. The combustible fraction is converted to fuel agglomerates in a low-oxygen environment, and the fuel agglomerates are cooled in low-oxygen environment. The combustible fraction is converted to fuel agglomerates by being subjected to kneading and compression process. The combustible fraction is free from additives, preferably petrochemical additives. The converting device is adapted to heat the combustible fraction. A drying device placed upstream of the converting device is adapted to dry the combustible fraction. The converting device is placed in a low-oxygen space, and is adapted to further dry the combustible fraction, to cool the formed fuel agglomerates and to subject combustible fraction to kneading and compression process. The converting device comprises an extruder which comprises a shaft which is reciprocally movable in axial direction with kneading components. A salt-removing device is placed upstream of the converting device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: aerating a third time the second windrow into a third windrow and letting the third windrow set until achieving a temperature of at least 130 degrees F before the spreading step and the placing step; repeating the entire process at least 6 times with six different sets of chickens; forming first and second elongated windrows/third windrow having 1/2-3/2 foot height and 6-9 feet width; and wetting the litter to exceed 30 wt.% or 15-30 wt.%. The process takes no more than 6-12 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalytically active component contains component (A) containing molybdenum, tungsten, and/or vanadium and component (B) containing cobalt, nickel, manganese, and/or iron. The components (A and B) are in the form of complex oxide. The catalytically active component further contains component (C) containing alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal and/or rare earth metal, nitride of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and/or nickel, or iron group metal and metal oxide. The iron group metal is iron, cobalt, and/or nickel. The metal oxide is ceria, zirconia, yttria, lanthanum trioxide, alumina, magnesia, tungsten oxide, and/or titania. The nitride precursor is molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or their compound, or alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal and/or rare earth element. Preferred Process: The portion(s) of catalytically active component is processed with ammonia gas or nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas. The manufacture of ammonia decomposition catalyst further involves adding compound of component (C). The nitride of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and/or nickel is obtained by nitriding the nitride precursor with ammonia gas or nitrogen-hydrogen gas. The iron group metal is formed by supporting the metal oxide to the compound of iron group metal, and reducing the compound. Preferred Condition: The reduction process is performed at 300-800 degrees C using reducing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stability additive is added to the biodiesel fuel(s) or mixture of biodiesel fuel(s) and conventional diesel fuel(s) in an amount of at least 500 (Preferably 1000) mg of the stability additive per liter of the biodiesel fuel or per liter of the biodiesel fuel component in the mixture of biodiesel fuel(s) and conventional diesel fuel(s). The stability additive is employed in the absence of any phenolic and/or aromatic amine antioxidant. Preferred reactants: The stability additive is one or a mixture of N,N-di(1-2C-alkyl)cyclohexylamine(s). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - One compound is specified as the stability additive i.e. N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.    EXAMPLE - Rancimat oxidation tests were run according to EN 14112 by using B100 canola methyl ester (an unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester) as the biodiesel fuel. To the biodiesel fuel was added N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) (test) as stability additive. The control was without the additive. The oxidation stability of the biodiesel fuel was increased by plus minus 110/0 (%) for test/control respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises fermentation supernatant comprising active enzymes from S. cerevisiae culture (20 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The anaerobic digestion treatment of sewage sludge involves improvement of reducing the concentration of volatile solids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises (wt.%) sodium benzoate (0.3), imidazolidinyl urea (0.01), diazolidinyl urea (0.15), and nonionic surfactant (9) including ethoxylated alkylphenol, or ethoxylated nonyl or octyl phenol. EXAMPLE - The wastewater from large cheese manufacturing plant was treated in anaerobic digestion zone with composition comprising (wt.%); sodium benzoate (0.3), imidazolidinyl urea (0.01), diazolidinyl urea (0.15), ethoxylated octyl phenol (9), and calcium chloride (0.05). The average residence time in anaerobic zone was 2.72-4.28 days depended on influent flows. The temperature during treatment was from 94-102 degrees F. The removal rate of total chemical oxygen demand increased from 29% to 73.9%. Biomethane production was increased from 1000 ft3/hour to 1800 ft3/hour (an 80% increased).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The fatty acid preferably has a length of less than 13C. The fatty acid comprises lauric acid (C11H23COOH). The thioesterase enzyme is a California bay tree thioesterase (CBT). The thioesterase enzyme has a defined sequence of 906 or 302 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 6 or 9) given in the specification or its fragment. The microorganism is Cyanobacterium, which further comprises a heterologous wax synthase. The wax synthase has a defined sequence of 458 or 1374 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8) given in the specification or its fragment. The Cyanobacterium further comprises a nucleic acid encoding a heterologous pyruvate decarboxylase. The pyruvate decarboxylase has a defined sequence of 568 or 1704 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2) given in the specification or its fragment. The Cyanobacterium further comprises a nucleic acid encoding a heterologous alcohol dehydrogenase. The alcohol dehydrogenase has a defined sequence of 383 or 1149 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 3 or 4) given in the specification or its fragment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the straw methane station, the raw material tank is provided with an agitator. The fermenting tank is provided with a heating device and the periphery of the fermenting tank is provided with a heat insulation device. The bottom of the fermenting tank is connected with the raw material tank through the liquid pipe. The gas pipe, the gas generating pipe and the methane pipe are respectively provided with valves.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The aquatic biomass is bacteria, algae, plankton, fungi and/or grasses. The bacteria are E.coli bacteria or cyanobacteria. Preferred Process: The aquatic biomass is produced in sea and/or breeding basin. The bacteria are genetically modified by infiltration of a plasmid. The bacteria comprise a plasmid which produces chlorophyll. Before the combustion: a chemical base material and/or fine chemical is produced from the biomass; and a drying or pre-drying of the biomass is carried out. In the process, a waste heat of the combustion process is used for drying or pre-drying the biomass. The combustion takes place in a power plant with a capacity of 0.1-100000 MW. The combustion is carried out in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. The aquatic biomass (0.1-100%) is used in co-firing to conventional fuels such as petroleum, oil, gas or coal. The exhaust gas of the combustion is supplied into the aquatic biomass to increase the growth by temperature and carbon dioxide fertilization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical base material and/or fine chemical is sugar, biodiesel, hydrogen, ethanol, carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The resin is a fluorine or a polyimide-based resin or a hydrocarbon-based electrolyte resin, and having a heat-resistant temperature of the resin material exceeds greater than or equal to 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total sulfur content in the crude alcohol is reduced to 10 weight ppm or less, preferably 1 weight ppm or less, and more preferably 0.5 weight ppm or less. The crude alcohol contains sulfur compound (10 weight ppm or more).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crude alcohol contains methanol (20 weight ppm or more), or 1-propanol and 2-propanol (200 ppm or more). The sum total content of methanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol is 1 weight ppm or more. The crude alcohol is ethanol. Preferred Process: The method further involves supplying crude alcohol in the state diluted with water, and performing desulfurization process by method chosen from reaction process and physical adsorption process, and/or using chemical absorption agent with respect to the crude alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Membrane: The separation membrane is chosen from silicone membrane, polyimide membrane, polyamide membrane, polyester membrane and polyvinyl alcohol membrane, preferably silicone membrane.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell is molten carbonate fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is formic acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, halogen acetic acid, propanoic, propenoic, lactic, succinic, acrylic, glyoxylic, pyruvic or hydroxy propionic/butanoic acid. Preferred Method: The absorbing of fluid involves cleaning physiological target site where necessary, and applying pressure to site until a gel forms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The wound care device comprises therapeutic agent(s); wound healing agent(s), hemostats, growth factors, cytokines, and/or agents which absorb agents which delay healing; or antimicrobial agents comprising silver, silver salts, silver-containing compounds, fibers containing silver, or chlorhexidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first material comprises polysaccharide or a polysaccharide derivative preferably chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin. The second material having associated acid comprises cellulose, cellulose derivative, cotton, alginate, viscose, polypropylene, and/or polyethylene. The first and second materials comprise fibers. ACTIVITY - Hemostatic; Vulnerary. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The diimine is 2,2'-bipyridine. The 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine derivative is 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, 4'-ethoxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, 4'-methoxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, or 4'-chloro-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine. The mononuclear ruthenium mono-aquo-complex is preferably formed using 4'-methoxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine coordinating ruthenium(II). EXAMPLE - Ruthenium complex of formula: Ru(EtOtpy)Cl3 (in mg) (90), 2,2'-bipyridine (29) and lithium chloride (8.1) were added to ethanol/water (16.3 ml) containing triethylamine (41 ml), filtered, and washed using 3M hydrochloric acid, acetone and ether, and vacuum-dried at room temperature, to obtain ruthenium complex of formula: (Ru(EtOtpy)(bpy)Cl)Cl (A) (86.1). The obtained ruthenium complex (A) (50) and silver nitrate (28.1) were added to acetone/water (5.7 ml), filtered, washed and vacuum-dried at 60 degrees C, to obtain ruthenium complex (C) of formula: (Ru(EtOtpy)(bpy)OH2)(NO3) (38.6). An oxidation catalyst of water was formed using the obtained ruthenium complex (C).    EtO=ethoxy;    tpy=terpyridine;and    bpy=bipyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic complex oxide carrier further contains alumina having crystalline diameter of 3 nm or less, rare earth metal and/or amorphous silica. The catalytic active component is noble metal component containing ruthenium, rhodium and/or rhodium, preferably ruthenium. The rare earth metal contains lanthanum or cerium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fuel oil contains kerosene fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex oxide precursor compound is metal alkoxide. The organic multidentate ligand contains polyol, acetoacetate, and/or poly carboxylic acid. The organic multidentate ligand contains greater than or equal to 5C diol. The noble metal component which contains rhodium, platinum, and/or preferably ruthenium is supported in titania containing complex oxide support. The titania containing complex oxide support contains rare earth metal. The rare earth metal contains lanthanum or cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The zeolite is H-ZSM-5 type zeolite having low Lydian stone ratio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 3C or more olefin is propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The electrode has catalyst layer provided on a metal porous component (4,5) containing foaming nickel, foaming titanium and foaming silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder further contains non-anion conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The etching is carried out such that a through hole is formed on stainless steel-type material. The method further involves immersing stainless steel-type material in nitric acid solution, heat processing and supporting catalytic active component on portion of stainless steel-type material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alcohol is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heterogeneous catalyst used in glycerin monoether production is modified zeolite.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is carbon black or mineral filler selected from silicas, silicates and/or talcs, and blends.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises filler (250 to 350 parts per hundred with respect to rubber). Preferred Components: The hydrogenated nitrile rubber is carobxylated. The hydrogenated nitrile rubber has an acrylonitrile content (ACN) greater than 39% (preferably greater than 43%). The hydrogenated nitrile rubber is fully saturated and contains less than 1 % of residual double bonds. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%) Therban A 4304 (RTM: a hydrogenated nitrile rubber having low Mooney viscosity of 39 ML(1+4) at 100 degrees C and high acrylonitrile content) (100), Naugard 445 (RTM: p-dicumyl diphenylamine) (1.1),Vulkanox ZMB-2 (RTM: zinc salt of methylmercapto benzimidazole) (0.4), Maglited D (RTM: magnesium oxide) (5), Kadoc 920 (RTM: zinc oxide) (3), Carbon Black N 990 (RTM: Carbon Black) (50), Plasthall 226 (RTM: DBEEA) (10), Plasthall TOTM (RTM: trictyl trimellitate)(10), Diak 7 (RTM: triallylisocyanurate) (1.5), Vulcup 40KE (RTM: 2,2'-bis9tert-(tert-butylperoxydiisopropybenzene)(11) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel comprises heavy oil or diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The livestock manure is selected from chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure. An effective microbial inoculum is also used in preparing organic compound modifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The organic compound modifier is prepared by mixing 50-60% of furfural residue and 5-12% of stove ash to obtain mixture. The 30-35% of livestock manure and 3-7% of lignite are mixed separately and fermented for 20-25 days at 25-30 degrees C to obtain an aged organic fertilizer. The obtained mixture and aged organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed together to obtain base material. The obtained base material is fermented for 30-40 days at 35-40 degrees C. The water content in the base material is 25-30 wt.%. The base material is crushed to 2.0-2.5mm of grain size, and is extruded, palletized and rounded to obtain shaped base material particles. The obtained shaped base material particles are dried at 40-50 degrees C to reduce water content to 15-20wt.%. The shaped base material particles are sealed and packed to obtain modifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fertilizer: The microbial organic fertilizer comprises more than 1x1000000000/g NJN 43, the nitrogen content is 4-5%, more than 90% of the nitrogen is organic nitrogen, the weight ratio of the total nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient is 6-10%, the content of the organic substance is 30-35%. Preferred Method: In producing microbial organic fertilizer, the preparation method for the PDA nutrient solution comprises: using the method for preparing 1 L culture medium for example, peeling 200 g of potatoes, cutting into small blocks and boiling in the water, cooking for 30 minutes after boiling, using the four-layer medical gauze to filter, adding 20 g of ordinary cane sugar to the filtrate, fixing the volume at 1000 ml, regulating the pH to 7.2-7.4, sterilizing for 20 minutes under 121 degrees C. The sprouting index of the ripe pig manure compost of the step (b) is greater than 98%, the weight ratio of the organic substance is greater than or equal to 35%, the weight ratio of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2%, and the weight ratio of the water is 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fertilizer: The microorganism organic fertilizer for preventing and treating bacterial wilt of continuously planted tobacco comprises more than 1x1010 pieces/g of NJL-25 and NJL-14 strains; mass ratio of total nitrogen content is 4-5%; in the total nitrogen, mass ratio of the organic nitrogen is greater than 90%; mass ratio of the total-nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 6-10%; and mass ratio of the organic material is 30-35%. Preferred Method: In producing the microorganism organic fertilizer, in terms of 1 L of culture medium, the PDA culture liquid used in step (a) is prepared by the following operations: peeling off 200 g of potato; cutting the potato into small blocks; boiling the potato blocks in the water; continuously boiling the potato blocks for 30 minutes after the water is boiled; filtering the solution by four layers of medical gauze; adding 20 g of normal sucrose in the filtrate; setting the volume as 1000 ml; regulating the pH value at 7.2-7.4; and sterilizing the solution for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C. The germination index of the rotten pig manure compost used in step (b) is greater than 98%; mass ratio of the organic material is not lower than 35%; mass ratio of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2%; and mass ratio of the water content is 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fertilizer: In the fertilizer, each gram of fertilizer has more than 1x108 antagonist bacteria NJQL-18, the mass rate of the total nitrogen content is 4-5%, there are more than 90% of organ-nitrogen, the total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) nutrient is 6-10%, the organic matter content is 30-35%. Preferred Method: In generating micro-organism organic fertilizer, the method for preparing the PDA culture solution used at step (a) comprises the following steps (preparing 1 L culture medium): cutting the pilled potatoes 200 g into small pieces, putting the small pieces of potatoes into the water, and boiling the potatoes for 30 minutes after the water is boiled; then filtering by four layers of gauzes, adding common saccharum 20 g into the filtrate, keeping the volume at 1000 ml, adjusting the pH value from 7.2 to 7.4, and sterilizing at the temperature of 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. The germinating index of the matured pig manure composting used at step (b) is larger than 98%; the mass rate content of the organic objects is not less than 35%; the mass rate content of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2%; the mass rate of moisture is 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing the microorganism organic fertilizer, in terms of 1 L of culture medium, the PDA culture liquid used in step (a) is prepared by the following operations: peeling off 200 g of potato; cutting the potato into small blocks; boiling the potato blocks in the water; continuously boiling the potato blocks for 30 minutes after the water is boiled; filtering the solution by four layers of medical gauze; adding 20 g of normal sucrose in the filtrate; setting the volume as 1000 ml; regulating the pH value at 7.2-7.4; and sterilizing the solution for 20 min at 121 degrees C. The germination index of the rotten pig manure compost used in step (b) is greater than 98%; mass ratio of the organic material is not lower than 35%; mass ratio of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2%; and mass ratio of the water content is 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the pre-treatment system of an organic raw material, the times of crushing the original organic fermentation substances in a high speed is 1 to 10 times, and the rotation speed of the high speed crusher is between 800 and 4000 rpm. In the organic raw material containing fiber and sand impurities, the high speed crushing dispersion technique uses a solid-and-liquid double-phase flow high speed centrifugal dispersion crushing pump with an unclogging function to automatically eliminate the fiber and sand impurities; the blade and construction of the typical high speed centrifugal crusher are described in the America patent US 7282114. The high speed dispersion crushing technique is used in the marsh gas preparation process, the solid content concentration total solids (TS) of the original fermentation substance for producing the marsh gas is between 0.1% and 40%; when the solid content concentration of the original fermentation substance is higher than 12-20%, it can be diluted by buffered water, and the dry distance concentration of the slurry at the outlet is adjusted to be 0.1-40% based on the fermentation technique.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Flocculant: In the composite flocculant, the volume of the bio-flocculant fermentation liquid is 1-3 ml in the composite flocculant, for synergizing 1-3 ml of the inorganic flocculant 0.1% FeCl3 solution. The flocculation effect is the best when the bio-flocculant fermentation liquid which is 1.5% of the wastewater volume and the 0.1% FeCl3 solution which is 2% of the wastewater volume are added into the wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing carpopodium to particle size of 1-6 cm, dipping in 3-10 (preferably 5) times weight of sewage for 1-7 days, draining to water content of 65-75 (preferably 70) %, inoculating with microorganism VT (0.2 wt.% of fresh carpopodium), regulating carbon/phosphorus ratio to (75-150):1 (preferably 100:1) by adding powdered phosphorite before composting, fermenting through windrow or tank type composting and regulating carbon/nitrogen ratio to (20-35):1 (preferably 25:1) when composting started by adding urea for 5-6 times at equal amount and interval of 1-2 days. Preferred Condition: The temperature of center of compost while fermenting is controlled at less than or equal to 65 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sewage is obtained from oil pressing factory of oil palm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer composition comprises (pts.wt.) photosynthetic bacteria (1), ammonium sulfate (2), calcium superphosphate (1) and organic fertilizer (6).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer is produced by fermenting chicken manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Klebsiella oxytoca is facultative anaerobe. The microorganisms group for hydrogen producing contains nitrifying bacteria. The raw material organic matter contains saccharides. Preferred Process: The organic matter is decomposed into pH 3.5-6. The bamboo charcoal is heated at 30-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the inner jacked spherical biogas tank, the hopper of the hopper-shaped hydraulic chamber is ball-lacking shape; upper mouth of the ball-lacking hopper is connected to wall of the biogas tank; lower end of the bottom connecting pipe is located on the supporting rod; lower end of the supporting column is connected to bottom of the biogas tank. The inner diameter of the spherical biogas tank is 2500 mm; diameter of the charging hole is 600 mm; the height is 300 mm; diameter of the charging pipe is 300 mm; diameter of the upper mouth of the hopper hydraulic chamber is 1400 mm; the height is 1000 mm; diameter of the connecting pipe is 600 mm; the height is 400 mm; the through hole is 260 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae are one kind of Spirulina, Chlorella, Dunaliella, high-oil microalgae, high-protein microalgae and/or high-vitamin microalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The flue gas is from cement factory, steel-making factory, petroleum factory, ethylene factory, ammonium synthesis factory, epoxy ethane factory or hydrogen making factory. The sewage is from secondary water of sewage treating factory, the un-treated sewage in urban sewage factory, or natural water. Higher oxidization pre-treatment is carried out to the sewage and flue gas at the same time, or after they are mixed. The higher oxidization is carried out by one of using Fenton's reagent, UV/Fe2+ oxalic acid/hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), UV/H2O2/Fe2+, ozone(O3)/H2O2, O3/UV, O3/UV/H2O2, supercritical water, O3/H2O2, high-energy electronic radiation, ultrasonic, optical chemical, shock wave cavity, optical oxidant, higher oxidization mainly using ozone, higher oxidization mainly using hydrogen peroxide, higher oxidization mainly using ultrasonic and higher oxidization mainly using ultraviolet, or their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The bioreactor is an opening optical bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty alcohol comprises 3-5C normal or isomerous medium carbon alcohol, preferably isobutanol, isopropanol and/or n-amyl alcohol. The anti-rust agent is benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and/or indiazole. The surfactant is non-ionic surfactant Span 85 (RTM: sorbitan trioleate), Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate) and/or Span 65 (RTM: sorbitan tristearate). Preferred Composition: The corrosion inhibitor is prepared by adding fatty alcohol to tempering kettle, agitating while adding anti-rust agent, alkenyl ester or ether and surfactant, agitating to obtain uniform and transparent liquid, and obtaining desired inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The peroxidation indexes of grease sample when added with 0-10% of extraction liquid are detected by iodometry. The inoxidizability of reed extract is analyzed to reach conclusion that inoxidizability is in positive correlation with dosage. The reed extraction liquid through absorbance of each strains bacterial suspension and flat plate formed by each bacterial suspension is inhibited. The method further involves putting reed stem leaf residues abundant in cellulose biomass into high-pressure steam kettle with temperature of 121 degrees C which contains sodium carbonate solution with concentration of 1.5-3 g/L after taking off bioactive substances and processing for 15-30 minutes by wet oxidation pretreatment, and employing sodium alginate and Trichosporon brassicae cell and fermenting to produce ethanol, isolating ethanol from fermented liquid by membrane and returning fermented liquid to reactor to use repeatedly to eliminate feed back inhibition function of products. The degradation treatment to wet oxidation pretreatment liquid of reed stem leaf are performed by acidolysis, enzymolysis, acid enzyme and enzymatic acid. The reed residues after fermentation by Saccharomycetes which is abundant in single cell protein (SCP) can be absorbed easily. Preferred Composition: The strains are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans and Lactobacillus casei. The feed value is high when applying residues as cow feed.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The stack retting time is 3-5 days. The organic waste is converted into the energy sources including biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue by high temperature anaerobic fermentation, where the fermentation is performed at 55-60 degrees C for 15-30 days. The produced biogas residue is dehydrated and used as one of the raw materials for subsequent production of efficient composite organic biofertilizer. The biogas produced in step (d) is used for generating electricity by thermoelectricity linkage device, and for recycling the thermal energy produced by thermal energy recycling system to satisfy the energy source requirement of whole technology. The biogas residue is mixed with composite microbial inoculum to prepare high efficiency multi-bacterium compound organic eco-fertilizer. The organic biofertilizer is prepared by grinding the biogas residue into fine powder, adding the composite microbial inoculum, other wastes and water, mixing, subjecting to high temperature aerobic composting, medium temperature aerobic composting, baking, pelletizing, packing the finished products using an automatic packing machine, and storing. Preferred Components: The other wastes are chosen from one or more of tobacco waste, brown coal, oil cake and soy bean meal. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor is chloride, oxide salt, acetylacetone, ammonium or bromide salt of platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, ruthenium, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium and/or nickel. The carbon support is carbon black, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber or fullerene. The weight ratio of the metal precursor with respect to solvent is 1:1-200. The weight ratio of metal nanoparticle and ionomer is 1:0.1-10. The weight ratio of the carbon support with respect to the total weight of the metal nanoparticles and ionomer is 1:0.01-0.9. The weight ratio of the sum total of metal nanoparticles and carbon support with respect to the ionomer is 1:0.2-1:0.5. The size of the metal nanoparticle in the obtained composite is 1-10 nm. Preferred Process: The metal precursor solution is reduced for 0.5-2 hours under reflux after controlling the pH of the precursor solution to 7-14. The metal nanoparticle dispersed solution is prepared at room temperature. The metal-ionomer impregnated carbon complex is washed with mixture of alcohol and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent used in the nanoparticle dispersed solution has hydroxyl functional group, aldehyde group and/or carboxyl group. The solvent is preferably glycolic acid, glyoxal, oxalic acid, acetaldehyde and/or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The preparation method of the biofuel comprises: (a) crushing the dried combustible materials into granules with grain diameter of 1-5 cm; (b) adding water having weight that is 15-25% of that of the dried combustible materials, and cured adhesive powder having weight that is 0-0.5% of that of the dried combustible materials, and uniformly mixing; (c) covering the mixture and keeping still for 48-72 hours under coverage condition; and (d) pressing the obtained product as a cake block at 130-160 degrees C and under 8 tons of pressure. Preferred Composition: The diameter and the density of the punched cake block are respectively equal to 5-10 cm and 0.6-1.2 g/cm3, preferably 0.9-1.1 g/cm3. Preferred Process: Covering the mixture comprises using soil to cover. Preferred Conditions: Pressing the obtained product is carried out at 150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The zeolite is X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite or ( beta )-type zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The switching gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane and/or ethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydroxyl-containing low molecular substance contains water and alcohol, and has boiling point of 100 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Complex: The polymer complex contains laminated two-dimensional network structure of the structural unit (i). Preferred Definitions:    Y'=boron fluoride, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid or trifluoroborate, preferably boron fluoride;and    X=nickel ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Condition: The ozone injection ratio is controlled according to the dissolved oxygen concentration in to-be-processed water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: In the process: two or more vessels are used in an alternating fashion, using steam from the discharge step (d) to apply steam to another vessel; and vacuum is applied before introducing steam in the vessel, and to dry the waste after treatment, where the vacuum of 0.5 bar is reached in a vessel in 15 minutes or less. The exhaust gas is cleaned in a scrubber or a condenser. The fluid used to clean the exhaust gas is process water, which is used in part to wet the waste which is fed to the vessel. The waste is treated in step (c) at 145 degrees C, at a pressure of 4 bar. The steam is used at greater than or equal to 170 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 180 degrees C. The high temperature steam is introduced for less than 30 minutes. The process in an autoclave is followed by classification of the treated materials. The process comprises classifying the majority of the fiber product contaminated with glass and grit particles, by subjecting to an air separation step on a vibrating screen, which causes the lighter particles to flow downward, and the heavier particles to move upwards. The process in two or more vessels used in an alternating fashion, comprises depressurizing the vessel, and transferring the steam from a first vessel to a second vessel with the aid of a compressor. The indirect heating is applied through conduits in the vessel, and through a heated jacket of the vessel. During discharge of the vessel, the inner surface and the coils of the vessel are at a temperature of 110 degrees C or below. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the constant temperature fostering slot for earthworm dung fermented feed, the material of the slot body is the polyphenyl compound thermal retardation plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The heat transfer agent is metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A phenolic compound is added to the reaction products for retarding the formation of degradation reaction products. Electrically conductive particles are added to the mixture of the selected biomass material and water such that the conductive particles are heated while passing through the induction coil. A heat transfer agent is added to the mixture of the selected biomass material and water such that heat transfer agent is heated while passing through the supercritical fluid biomass conversion zone. The heat transfer agent is oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass raw material for biomass mixture is selected from wood, bamboo, crop straw, fruit shell or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biomass mixture is a mixture of cellulose and xylogen. The plastic is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, polyamide or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In improving oxidation stability of Jatropha curcas oil and mixed fuel diesel, the synergist trisodium citrate, surfactant dodecyl glucoside, and metal ion complexing agent disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate can be added to Jatropha curcas oil or fuel diesel obtained by mixing Jatropha curcas oil and petroleum diesel with n-propyl gallate or coking gallic acid; where the addition amount of synergist is 1-20% of total weight of n-propyl gallate or coking gallic acid; the addition amount of surfactant is 1-30% of total weight of n-propyl gallate or coking gallic acid; and the addition amount of metal ion complexing agent is 1-10% of total weight of n-propyl gallate or coking gallic acid. The fuel diesel obtained by mixing Jatropha curcas oil and petroleum diesel with the additive is heated at 35-45 degrees C for 30-90 minutes; and the fuel diesel can also be continuously agitated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): A quinoline-containing compound of formula (1a) is lithiated using alkyllithium reagent, and benzaldehyde compound of formula (1b) is added, to obtain nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (1). Preferred Compound: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (1) is preferably of formula (2 or 3).X'=X;ands=0-5. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Plant protectant. In a test for measuring ability to control apple scab, (2-chlorophenyl)-3-quinolinyl-methanone-O-methyloxime exhibited 75% or more activity.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - 1-1000 (preferably 10-100) g/ha of the heterocyclic compound is sprayed or dispersed on soil, seed or stalk and leaves. Can also be used in combination with other microbicide, insecticide, acaricide and plant growth regulator.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 116 Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are disclosed, e.g. (E)-(1-(5H,6H,7H-cyclopenta(b)pyridin-3-yl)hexylidene)(methoxy)amine of formula (I), (E)-methoxy(1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)hexylidene)amine, (E)-(1-(2H,3H-furo(3,2-b)pyridin-6-yl)hexylidene)(methoxy)amine, (E)-(1-(3H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridin-6-yl)hexylidene)(methoxy)amine, and (E)-(1-(furo(3,2-b)pyridin-6-yl)hexylidene)(methoxy)amine.    EXAMPLE - (2-Bromo-phenyl)-3-quinolinylmethanone (in g) (3.96) was dissolved in methanol (50 ml). Further, methoxyamino hydrochloride (1.2) was added and heat-refluxed for 22 hours. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and saturated solution (50 ml) of sodium hydrogencarbonate was added, and extracted using ethylacetate. Then, the organic layer was washed using water, and dried using magnesium sulfate, and the residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography using N-hexane and ethylacetate, to obtain (2-chlorophenyl)-3-quinolinyl-methanone-O-methyloxime.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickness of the active carbon fiber is 2-5 mm. The thickness of the stainless steel screens is 2 mm, and that of the porous graphite plates is 5 mm. The porous graphite plates are uniformly equipped with multiple pores with diameter of 50 mm and space of 200 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The channel inclines such that the discharge liquid discharged from the ventilation floor may collect in the drain tank by dead weight. The cover is formed of any one chosen from expanded metal, metal foam, punched metal, metal net and fiber-reinforced plastic wire net. The channel contains a main channel and multiple minor channels branched from the main groove. The cover of the main channel does not have a through-hole. The composted manure manufacturing apparatus further comprises an air blower connected with the channel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent (I) or solvent (II) is chosen from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol, dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and acetone, preferably solvent (I) is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and solvent (II) is chloroform. Preferred Condition: The drying process is carried out at 110-130 degrees C under reduced pressure for 12-24 hours. Preferred Property: The metal organic source structure has particle size of 5-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Calcium oxide is used as the catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The process comprises the transesterification of triglycerides for obtaining biodiesel. The amount of biodiesel added is sufficient to form a homogenous biodiesel/catalyst paste mixture, typically 12-16 mg biodiesel per mg catalyst. Methanol is used as the alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution contains aqueous solution containing salt of strong acid and alkali metal. The electrolyte solution contains compound which contains group 15 element, and/or compound which contains group 13 element. The salt contains sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and/or sodium nitrate. The electrolyte solution contains acid which forms metal complex. The electrolyte solution contains ionic liquid or its gelled material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst comprises nanoscale particles. The catalyst includes (wt.%) copper oxide (20-80, preferably 30-70, especially 40-60), zinc oxide (20-80, preferably 30-70, especially 40), and cerium oxide (0-40, preferably 10-30, especially 10-20). EXAMPLE - Aged CuO-ZnO catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation from an aqueous solution containing 0.5M Cu(NO3)2 2.5H2O and Zn(NO3)2 6H2O. A mixture of copper and zinc hydroxides were co-precipitated at a pH of 7 by the drop-wise addition of a 0.5 M NaOH solution to the nitrate solution taken in a 600 ml beaker under vigorous stirring. The mixture was aged in the mother liquor at 60 degrees C for 3 hours before being cooled to room temperature while stirring. The mixture was then filtered, washed several times with de-ionized water, and dried overnight in an oven at 110 degrees C. The dried samples were calcined at 450 degrees C for 4 hours at a heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute. CuO-ZnO-CeO2 catalysts were prepared by including Ce(NO3)3 2.5H2O as a precursor for CeO2 and co-precipitating a mixture of cerium, copper, and zinc hydroxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transition metal sulfate salt is selected from cobalt sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and nickel sulfate. The solid hydrogen source comprises a borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The proton source comprises water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alloy: The magnesium alloy is chosen from AZ31, AZ61, AZ91 and AM60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrolyzed silane is bis-3-silane of formula: (RO)3Si(CH2)nR'(CH2)nSi(OR)3.R'=organic functional group such as lower-alkyl;OR=hydrolyzable lower-alkoxy chosen from methoxy (OCH3) or ethoxy (OC2H5);andn=2-6.The bis-3-silane is chosen from bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)tetrasulfide or bis-sulfur silane ((OC2H5)3Si(CH2)3S4(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3), bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)amine or bis-amino silane ((OCH3)3Si(CH2)3NH(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3), and bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)ethane or BTSE ((OC2H5)3-Si(CH2)2Si(OC2H5)3), preferably bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)tetrasulfide. Preferred Component: The co-solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate, preferably ethanol. The emulsifying agent is chosen from ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. The emulsifying agent is ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol. The aqueous medium and electrolyte are aqueous solution containing halide ions such as chloride ions (Cl-) in concentration at which ion is dissolved. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of aqueous ethanol to bis-3-silane is 2:1-1:5, preferably 1:1. The amount of emulsifying agent is 2-10 v/v%, preferably 5.5 v/v%. The amount of bis-3-silane is 0.1-10 mM, preferably 2-5 M. The aqueous medium comprises sodium chloride (0.1-5 M), seawater and an aqueous engine coolant. The electrolyte comprises seawater and sodium chloride (0.1-5 M). EXAMPLE - Aqueous ethanol and bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)tetrasulfide were added in weight ratio of 1:1 and mixed at room temperature for 60 hours in scintillation vial. Water (2.5 ml) was added to mixture and hydrolyzed within 24 hours. Hydrolyzed solution was mixed with 5.5 v/v% ethylene glycol and added to sodium chloride solution in a beaker. The mixture was cured for 3 days and corrosion inhibition composition was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is conducted for 8 days under the basic condition having a pH value of 8-10 (preferably 10). About 12.5 vol.% anaerobic particle sludge is added. Temperature of the continuing anaerobic fermentation is 35 degrees C. The continuous anaerobic fermentation lasts for 8 days. The fermented mixture is stirred at 40-100 (preferably 80) circles per minute in the process of anaerobic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In separating and purifying pure strain capable of aerobically degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the absorbent is high molecular resin XAD-2 or XAD-7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Inoculum: In the microbial inoculum, the carbon source is soybean powder, protein powder, corn flour and/or peanut powder; the ammonium salt is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) and/or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl); and the soluble magnesium salt is magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) and/or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is petroleum ether or ethyl acetate. The catalyst is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solid. The fish is mackerel or codfish or eel. Preferred Conditions: Stewing is carried out under pressure of 1-1.2 MPa and at 100-120 degrees C for 20-60 minutes. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the organic solvent to the fish processing leftovers is 1:2. The volume concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 35-45%. The weight ratio of the absolute ethanol to the fish processing leftovers is 2-10%. The weight of the solid catalyst is 0.1-0.5% of total weight of the reaction solution. The volume of water that is added to the solution II is 50-200% of the volume of solution II. Preferred Process: Using leftovers of fishery product processing to prepare biodiesel also comprises purifying by drying the biodiesel and distilling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pump is made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is bean cake fertilizer formed from residue obtained by pressing and removing oil from seeds of plant. The bean cake fertilizer is obtained by compounding at least two of soybean, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, sunflower seed, cottonseed, tea seed, castor seed, sesame seed and tung seed. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkylamine is N-phenyl-a-naphthylamine, alkyl diphenylamine and/or dinonyl diphenylamine.The shielded phenol is 2,6-ditert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 2,6-ditert-butyl mixed phenol (sic) and/or 2,6-ditert-butyl phenol.The dispersant is succinimide, dialkenyl succinimide and/or polyalkenyl succinimide.The metal deactivator is N-bis(salicylidene) propane diamine, triazole derivative and/or thiadiazole derivative.Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is prepared by feeding above material in turn, adding alkyl amine to reaction kettle, respectively adding shielded agent, dispersant and metal deactivator, and heating at 40-60 degrees C and under normal pressure; and agitating for 1-2 hours, and obtaining desired uniform viscous fluid stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aliphatic ketone comprises methyl tert-butyl ketone, acetonylacetone and/or trimethyl cyclohexanone.The morpholines comprise morpholine, N-methyl morpholine and/or N-ethyl morpholine.The fatty aldehyde comprises isovaleraldehyde, isobutylaldehyde and/or caprylaldehyde.The aliphatic ether comprises butyl oxide, diisopropyl ether and/or diphenyl oxide.Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is prepared by adding aliphatic ketone to blending kettle, and adding morpholines, fatty aldehyde and aliphatic ester in turn; and uniformly agitating to obtain desired transparent liquid reducing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The ratio of B. subtilis to Bacillus sp.. P. pastoris is 8-12:32-48:16-24 (preferably 10:40:20). The bacterium solution uses a culture medium which consists of peptone, beef extract, sodium chloride and water in weight ratio of 10:3:5:982.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous carbon material is carbon material with absorbing function including active carbon, bamboo carbon, and wool carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The natural binder is natural polymer mixture(s). The multifunctional long-acting slow-release material is formed by mixing porous carbon material and functional material, adding natural binder, shaping and drying, and immersing or spraying in volatile healthcare active material solution. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heat-moisture treatment comprises regulating water content to 80-90% to heat, when the temperature is 130-160 degrees C, starting to timing, maintaining the present temperature to boil the material for 60-80 minutes. The solid-microorganism transformation comprises adding 10-15% (by mass ratio between with the solid) of bran to the solid, taking the mixture containing 1 of Aspergillus niger, 2 of Candida utilis and 2 of Lactobacillus as the mixed bacterial agent, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 35-55 hours at 30 degrees C; where the inoculation quantity is 0.5-2% (by mass ratio between with the fermentation material). The fermented material is dried for 1-2 hours by steam at 150-180 degrees C, cooled, screened and packaged.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactor is filled with rhombus net-shaped filler and mineral filter residual which is composed of lime dreg, cracked plaster, and ceramic grains.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The floating-leaf plants such as alligator weed and duckweed grow on the mineral filter residual.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The biological decomposition of quinoline or its derivatives is in sewage and comprises inoculating P. nitroreducens CQ1 (CGMCC No. 3159) in sewage containing quinoline or its derivatives and culturing for 36-72 hours at 28-32 degrees C, where the inoculating amount of the P. nitroreducens CQ1 is 106 to 107 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. The concentrations of the quinoline or its derivatives in the sewage are not more than 700 mg/L.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of T.viride, T.aureoviride, and P.pabuli is (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2). Preferred Microorganism: The T.viride is T.viride ACCC 30166. The T.aureoviride is T.aureoviride ACCC 32248. The P.pabuli is P.pabuli ACCC 10273. Preferred Method: The T.viride ACCC 30166, T.aureoviride ACCC 32248, and P.pabuli ACCC 10273 are packed in the form being separated from each other, or mixed together. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Property: The fertilizer particle is in the shape of column, ball, cube or triangle. The length of the particles is 1-20 mm. The diameter of the particles is 1-10 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The magnesium-ammonium phosphate crystal is generated by suspending granules of wastewater as crystal core to specific degree. The crystals are deposited to the hopper in bottom portion of the reactor. The deposited magnesium-ammonium phosphate is recovered using a mud removing tube or sewage pump. The columnar-shaped upper portion of reactor is a reacting zone, and the lower portion is crystal collecting zone with hopper shape. The ratio of gas and water in the reactor having several disk-shaped aeration heads is 20:1-50:1. The water discharged after recovering phosphors meets livestock breeding pollution discharge standard of GB18596-2001.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ratio: Instep (A), the carbon to nitrogen ratio is regulated at 27:1. In step (C), the carbon to nitrogen ratio is decreased to 17:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of duck feces to straw powder or rice chaff is 5:3. The organic-inorganic complex fertilizer used for grain crops, comprises (wt.%) urea (4-8), diammonium phosphate (5-12), potassium chloride (5-9), magnesium sulfate (1-3) and fermented material (98-85). The organic-inorganic complex fertilizer for vegetable crops, comprises (wt.%) urea (8-15), diammonium phosphate (5-9), potassium chloride (5-10), magnesium sulfate (1-2.94), zinc sulfate (0.5-1), manganese sulfate (0.04-0.06) and fermented material (62-80). The organic-inorganic complex fertilizer for fruit trees, comprises (wt.%) urea (6-11), diammonium phosphate (5-10), potassium chloride (8-12), magnesium sulfate (1-3.1), zinc sulfate (0.5-0.84), manganese sulfate (0.04-0.06) and fermented material (63-79). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The bacterial solution of T.thioparus sprayed during the stirring process is 0.3-0.5 weight% of the compost. The auxiliary material is agricultural straw, mushroom powder and rice bran. Preferred Method: The method further involves inoculating T.thioparus in seed culture medium at an inclined plane, subjecting the seed culture medium to shaking culture, adding (in l) fermentation medium of T.thioparus (5) into automatic fermentation cylinder (10) and then obtaining the bacterial solution of T.thioparus after 4-5 days. The culture is carried out at 28-32 degrees C at a stirring rate of 450-550 rotations/minute for 4-5 days. The ventilatory capacity is 1.1-1.3 vvm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The method involves addition of sulfur powder and green copperas, where (in weight%): sulfur powder (0.25-0.50) is industrial sulfur powder of 100 meshes or more, and green copperas (0.3-0.6) is industrial copperas. The fermentation medium of T.thioparus comprises disodium hydrogen phosphate (2.0-3.5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.8), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.1-0.5), ammonium sulfate (0.2-0.5), calcium chloride (0.05-0.1), manganese sulfate (0.02-0.04), ferric chloride (0.02-0.05), sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (10.0-15.0), sulfur (5.0-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The enzyme composition contains (in mass%): cellulolytic enzyme (40-100, preferably 50-80, more preferably 60) and distiller's yeast enzyme (0-60, preferably 20-50, more preferably 40). The enzyme composition comprises cellulolytic enzyme (40-100, preferably 50-60, more preferably 50), distiller's yeast enzyme (0-60, preferably 20-40, more preferably 35), and amylase (0-40, preferably 10-20, more preferably 15). Preferred Method: The enzymolysis is carried out using 2 mass% of raw materials at 40 degrees C for 2-5 hours, preferably 3 hours. The step of recycling and using remaining substances after distilling, involves letting remaining extracting solution off from the bottom portion of the cylinder (a liquid outlet pipe is present in bottom portion of the extracting cylinder), collecting, filtering, concentrating and drying remaining extracting solution to obtain cortex moutan radicis extract, and then pouring medicine slag in the cylinder out to be used as fertilizer or fuel. The method involves using an extracting cylinder with an air feeder and heater. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The big peanut for exporting is peanut seeds Hua17, 8130, Huayu 19 and Huayu 22. Preferred Method: The sowing time is later than traditional peanut for 10-15 days. The spring sowing time of Huang-Huai-Hai producing area is May 1st to May 15th. The sowing time of wheat-spring peanut is May 20th to June 5th. The summer sowing time is June 10th to June 25th. The match colors earth film is chequered with black and white. The chequered with black and white earth film including white middle of earth film of 30-40 cm width and black at both sides of earth film of 25-30 cm. The manurial effect transplanting method involves applying inorganic manure and organic manure, wrapping film control manure, and applying organic manure (4000-5000 kg), diphosphor pentoxide (10-15 kg), pure nitrogen (10-15 kg), potassium oxide (8-12 kg), and spraying leaf surface manure in the late stage. The ratio of inorganic manure to wrapping film control manure is 1:3-2:3. The spraying of leaf surface manure involves spraying 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after abloom 6-8 weeks for 2-3 times every other 8-10 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The position of the duct connecting agitator with container is tangent to the level of solution present in the separating container. EXAMPLE - Waste dump gas containing methane (22 wt.%), carbon dioxide (78 wt.%) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (80 mg/m3) was mixed under 5 bar pressure with iron (II) sulfate (VI) solution (1 wt.%) in the ratio of 1 m3 of gas per 450 dm3 of solution. After separation in the separating column biogas void of H2S was obtained and it contained methane (83 wt.%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (17 wt.%). From 1 m3 of waste dump gas 2.3 g of hydrated ferrous sulfide (FeS) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid further contains 1-5 %mass of electrolyte resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen is removed from dimethyl ether using a catalyst, and the method further involves regenerating electric power using hydrogen as fuel of fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode side metal porous component and cathode side metal porous component are chosen from foamed nickel, foamed titanium and/or foamed silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A liquid fuel which consists of water or ionic aqueous solution containing ammonia or nitrogen-containing compound is introduced into the cathode side metal porous component surface and anode side metal porous component surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The air supplied in (e) and (f) is pre-heated. The biogas generated in (c) is fed in the thermal power station and the pre-heating of the air in step (e) and/or (f) or drying the residual domestic waste fraction is done by the waste heat obtained from the thermal power station. The air supplied for drying the compost in (f) or for drying the residual domestic waste is collected and purified in a bio-filter before releasing it into the atmosphere. After separating the organic fraction in (b) the residual domestic waste fraction is dried by means of air. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide of copper, zinc, indium, zirconium aluminum and/or yttrium is copper oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and/or yttrium oxide. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises 10-55 wt.% of copper oxide, 0.5-2 wt.% of zinc oxide, 0.5-15 wt.% of indium oxide, 5-70 wt.% of zirconium oxide, 5-70 wt.% of aluminum oxide, and/or 5-70 wt.% of yttrium oxide with respect to total amount of oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing substance is aluminum, silicon, zinc, and/or magnesium. The heat-generating material is oxide of alkaline-earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The biogas and natural gas are mixed, the high-calorific gas is added to the mixed gas, and the calorific value of gas is adjusted. The impurity contained in biogas is multiple-type gas component chosen from oxygen and nitrogen. The mixing process is carried out according to the predetermined reference value of the gas component in which the concentration ratio of gas component and predetermined reference value is high. Preferred Apparatus: The natural gas conduit is composed of high pressure pipe (50) and low pressure pipe (53). The extraction process is performed with respect to high pressure pipe and the return process of gas is carried out with respect to low pressure pipe. The biogas containing impurity is obtained by washing sewage gas obtained by carrying out anaerobic methane fermentation of biological substance using high-pressure water. The fractionation portion is connected to the high pressure pipe, and the return portion is connected to low pressure pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tank: In the double-purpose methane tank for manure and straw, the weed pressing board (13) on the acid producing tank (5) has the filler pushing slot (14), at the two ends of the weed pressing board (13) are the straw-inlet (11) and the waste pulling hole (12).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is selected from silver, gold, platinum, and/or palladium (preferably silver, palladium). The metal has nanoscale structural dimensions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The PANI is doped with an acidic dopant (d1). Preferred Components: The acidic dopant (d1) is selected from hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, madelic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and/or para-toluenesulfonic acid (preferably citric acid). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel is selected from a group consisting of alkane, alkene, alkyne, ether, ketone, propane and butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The heat transfer tape comprises graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The thermal conductive adhesive layer comprises polyester, epoxy, amine, or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves aerobically biotreating the stacked particle bioreactor prior to forming an anaerobic environment within the bioreactor, the aerobic biotreatment fermenting carbonaceous material in the bioreactor and/or releasing native oil from the carbonaceous material; collecting oil from the stacked particle bioreactor; agglomerating the particles together to form particulates having a particle size of 0.3-2.54 cm; coating the surface of substrates having a particle size of greater than or equal to 0.3 cm with the particles; screening the particles into at least two size fractions and forming stacked particle bioreactors having a void volume of \15%, each bioreactor being formed with particles from one of the separated size fractions one of which is a fines fraction; and agglomerating the particle in the fines fraction to form particulates having a particle size of 0.3-2.54 cm. The step of forming an anaerobic environment involves purging the stacked particle bioreactor with argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia or hydrogen gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalysts, possessing a degree of symmetry, are formed in the absence of air from transition metal compounds comprising titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and/or gold. EXAMPLE - A flask was supplied with lime (10 g), ethanol (75 g) and Co2(C6H5O2)4 catalyst ( approximately 0.1 g). A slow nitrogen flow was established, the heating rate set to gentle reflux and the condenser maintained at ice temperature. After two hours of heating the reaction was terminated, the flask allowed to cool to room temperature and products transferred to a sample bottle. Composition was determined by gas chromatography analysis of the liquid resulting in formation of 72% ethyl butyl ethers and 7% ethyl hexyl ether products leaving 21% of un-reacted ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: A suction unit is connected to the anode electrode, and reduces pressure of anode electrode and promotes hydrogen permeation of separated layer. The separated layer contains carbon nanotube. The electrolyte is a circulating fluid, and flow path of electrolyte solution between electrodes is narrower than other portions. The separation layer has gap and/or hole less than nonflammable gas and more than hydrogen ion and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The volume ratio of hydrogen gas in fuel gas is 18% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The hydrogen storage material is hydrogen storage alloy, surface-treated hydrogen storage alloy, chemical hydride and/or carbon nanotube. Preferred Fuel: The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is chosen from kerosene, methanol, gasoline and dimethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The sugar-nucleotide is at least one chosen from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-mannose, UDP-fucose, UDP-arabinopyranose, UDP-arabinofuranose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-apiose and UDP-glucose. The sugar-nucleotide is preferably UDP-galactose and the sugar-nucleotide transporter is UDP-galactose transporter. The UDP-galactose transporter is human UDP-galactose transporter 1 (hUGT1) or hUGT2. EXAMPLE - Transfer-DNA of binary plasmid vector pBIN19 was digested using restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI. DNA fragment (35SP-hUGT1-HA-NosT) containing cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, human UDP-galactose transporter 1 (hUGT1) gene, hemagglutinin tag and Nost terminator was inserted into the vector to obtain plasmid vector pBIN-hUGT1. The obtained vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain and the strain was cultured. Leaf of Nicotiana tabacum SR-1 variety was cut (5 mm2) and cultured for one month. The culture of Agrobacterium was added to the culture and tobacco cell integrated with transfer-DNA containing 35SP-hUGT1-HA-NosT in its chromosome was obtained. The transformed cell was cultured for one month in Murashige-Skoog culture medium containing auxin (1 mg/l) and cytokinin (0.1 mg/l), and hUGT1 transformed plant was regenerated. The transformed plant had increased cell wall thickness compared to wild-type plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The liquid fuel introduced into the anode pole side metal porous layer is ammonia or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode pole side metal porous layer and cathode pole side metal porous layer is made of foaming nickel, foaming silver and foaming titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The absolute operating pressure of the formaldehyde-stripping tower is 0.1-0.4 MPa. The absolute operating pressure of the top of rectifying tower 3 is 0.1-0.4 MPa. Preferred Process: The rectifying and dehydrating unit and the formaldehyde-stripping tower are heated by fresh steam directly or indirectly; where the steam obtained on the top of the formaldehyde-stripping tower is conveyed to the rectifying tower 3 for re-boiling and is used as the heating medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aerosol is prepared by mixing polyethylene-containing titanium oxide and alkyl phenmethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride for 10 minutes, adding Ep-type polyether, mixing at 35 degrees C for 15 minutes until dissolved completely, then adding ethanol and distilled water, and adjusting pH to not greater than 6.5 using diethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refining apparatus produces hydrogen, methane, gasoline and methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst contains hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol solution comprises a mixture of alcohols comprising methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, denaturant(s), and light petroleum distillates. The alcohol is denatured with ketone compounds. Hexane is used as solvent for purifying the products. The products comprise mixed liquid biofuel containing low boiling point distillate fraction including alcohol derivative, alkenoate, hydroxyalkanoate and alkoxyalkanoate, and high boiling point distillate fraction including hydroxy-fatty acid, oligomer of ethyl-3-hydroxyalkanoate, and saturated/unsaturated fatty acid, preferably ethoxyalkanoate, more preferably ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl 3-ethoxybutyrate and crotonic acid ethyl ester. The biomass is obtained from wastewater treatment plant, distiller's grains and agricultural wastes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The stream contains PHA monomers and polymers. The PHA molecules comprise poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), copolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), and medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-free gasoline comprises (pts. wt.): methanol (40), No. 60 to No. 70 crude gasoline (40), n-butanol (1), coked light oil (5), dimethyl sulfoxide (0.4), coconut oil polyethenoxy ether 20 (0.4), aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy ether 40 (0.3), dioctyl phthalate (0.4-0.6), dibutyl phthalate (0.5), dimethyl ether (4), dimethyl carbonate (2) and No. 6 solvent oil (4).Preferred Method: The modification of methanol by zeolite molecule sieve involves treating methanol in modification tower filled with zeolite molecule sieve for 30-50 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw biomass is rice straw, wheat straw, bean stalk, sorghum stalk, maize cob, maize stalk, and/or cotton stalk. The water soluble constituents comprise hemicellulose including xylose and xylo-oligosaccharide, cellulose, and lignin. Preferred Method: The water extraction is repetitive extraction or continuous extraction. The water soluble constituents are purified through chromatography by active carbon, macroporous resin or glucan gel. The water soluble constituents are concentrated through reduced pressure evaporation or thin film evaporation. The water soluble constituents are subject to step of nano filtering or super filtering. The water insoluble constituents are used for production of alcohol through fermentation of cellulose and decomposition into glucose. The lignin is extracted from fermented residue through organic solvent or inorganic aqueous alkali. The straw biomass is crushed into proper sizes before vapor explosion. The fermented residue is further used for making fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cattle feces is dairy cattle feces.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cattle feces is dehydrated, such that the moisture content is 85 mass% or less. The hen-droppings carbonized substance is subjected to water absorption process, such that the moisture content is 8 mass% or more. Preferred Composition: The fermentation ingredient comprises (in mass parts): cattle feces (1), and hen-droppings carbonized substance (0.2-0.4). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring fertilizer effect of cow manure using Chinese cabbage, the average mass per Chinese cabbage grown with the cow manure was found to be 2036 g, compared to the average mass per Chinese cabbage grown with control (cow manure containing cattle feces and chaff), which was found to be 1893 g.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Hen droppings from henhouse were dried to the moisture content of 10 mass% using grinding drying machine, heated at 350 degrees C by carbonization furnace in hypoxic condition, removed from carbonization furnace, and then sprayed with water for cooling. The untreated dairy cattle feces were spin dried by roller-press type solid-liquid-separation machine to the moisture content of 81.6 mass% and 950 kg/m3 of pile volume. The obtained cattle feces (660 kg) and hen droppings carbonized substance (514 kg) were mixed, fermented for 10 weeks with occasional stirring, and cow manure for Chinese cabbages was obtained.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - After methane fermentation of sewage sludge, a sludge containing 15% dry mass was obtained. Glauconite was added to sludge in amount of 2% as calculated per dry mass of sludge and well mixed. Subsequently sludge was dried in drum drier and granulate of dry mass content of 92% was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cathode liquid is phosphoric acid buffer solution having pH of 7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode liquid contains culturing liquid and lactic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of carbon nanotube, polytetrafluoroethylene and gamma -alkaline ferric oxide is 5:0:1-5:0.5:10. The usage amount of polytetrafluoroethylene and alcoholic solution is 10 mass% and 95 mass%, respectively. The molar ratio of sodium anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate to polypyrrole is 5:1.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The alkaline absorber is obtained from electrolysis of water, which produces hydrogen gas supplied to hydrogen flame ionization detector. The methane generation unit carries out aerobic fermentation of raw material for composting. When methane generation unit carries out aerobic fermentation, then plowing process is performed as aerobic process. When methane generation unit is storage tank of surplus sludge, then aeration treatment of sludge is performed as aerobic process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content rate of greater than or equal to 12C long-chain saturated fatty acid ester is less than or equal to 30 mol%. Preferred Parameter: The dynamic viscosity of biodiesel fuel is less than or equal to 5 mm2/s even if it stored for greater than or equal to 4 months at normal temperature. The coagulation of biodiesel fuel starts at less than or equal to 5 degrees C. Preferred Components: The bio diesel fuel contains light oil. Preferred Process: The method involves producing less than or equal to 12C short-chain saturated fatty acid ester by decomposition of unsaturated fatty acid ester, and reducing content rate of greater than or equal to 12C long-chain saturated fatty acid ester. The method involves performing decomposition of unsaturated fatty acid ester in raw material by ozone treatment of unsaturated fatty acid ester. The method involves performing esterification process by sulfuric acid treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Arrangement: The porous substrate has flow axis in which regions (a,b) are radially arranged with respect to each other, and/or longitudinally arranged along axis with respect to each other. Preferred Compounds: The regions (a,b) contains reticulated foam and honeycomb monolith. The reticulated foam is formed using alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon carbide, cordierite, mullite and/or cermet of iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium-oxygen alloy, or zirconia-alumina and alumina-silicon carbide. The honeycomb monolith is formed using alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon carbide, cordierite, mullite, composition containing silicon-aluminum-barium-strontium-calcium-iron oxide, composition containing feldspar or feldspathoid structure, composition containing calcium-aluminum-titanium oxide, composition containing calcium-aluminum oxide and/or cermet of iron-chromium-aluminum-yttrium-oxygen alloy. Preferred Properties: The reticulated foam has 5-80 pores/inch and relative density of 5-50 weight%. The honeycomb monolith has 100-600 cells per square inch, shape chosen from square, triangular or hexagonal, frontal surface with 50-85% of open area, cell wall thickness of 0.0005-0.010 inch, preferably 0.004 inch, cell density of 400 cell/inch, porosity of 0-85%, and average pore diameter of 0.1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen hydrates are hydrogen clathrate hydrates. Preferred Method: The nanopores are formed by mixing the water with a solvent to form an emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase and suspended droplets of the solvent, where the droplets have a size of 1-1000 nm; freezing the water around the droplets; and removing the solvent from the ice. Preferred Condition: The blocks of ice are under 1-2000, preferably 50-200 bar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous ice composition further comprises tetrahydrofuran (0.15-3, preferably 0.15-1 mol%). The solvent is propane, butane, and/or hexane. The mixture of water and solvent further comprises a surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is composed of ferric nitrate, magnesium nitrate, nickel nitrate and/or zinc nitrate. Preferred Composition: The liquid fuel is prepared by adding the main burning agent to regulation kettle; stirring and adding heat value improving agent, igniter, catalyst and preservative; uniformly stirring into transparent liquid to obtain desired fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The main burning agent comprises methanol and/or ethanol. The heat value improving agent comprises C5, fusel oil, trioxymethylene and/or hexamine. The igniter comprises acetone, ether, petroleum ether and/or methyl ethyl ketone. The preservative comprises benzotriazole, Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), Span 85 (RTM: sorbitan trioleate) and/or iodoform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polymeric base material comprises polymeric fibers chosen from polyester, nylon, fluorocarbon, polypropylene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyurethane and aramid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble metal colloid is platinum colloid or palladium colloid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is chosen from ion-exchange water and/or ethanol. The metal salt is indium salt. The aqueous alkali solution is aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Preferred Composition: The concentration of aqueous solution of the tetramethylammonium hydroxide is 1.45-1.59 weight%. Preferred Process: The method further includes substitution process (9) before the freeze-drying process and after the washing process. The substitution process is performed by adding ion-exchange water to the purified oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid, and substituting ethanol with the ion-exchange water such that the ethanol concentration in the purified oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid is reduced. The pH of the oxide precursor solution is adjusted to pH 6-10. The washing process is performed by adding polar solvent to the oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid, separating the supernatant liquid containing the impurity by natural sedimentation, and further polar solvent is added to the deposit of the oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid, and the supernatant liquid is again removed 2 or more times by gradient method, to obtain purified oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid. The freeze-drying process is performed by freeze-drying the deposit of the obtained purified oxide precursor-noble metal colloid dispersion liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The container comprises tube like structure, and is constructed as a vertical flow device where the culture medium and algae are inserted in top of a continuous flow tube and move horizontally to port(s) that allow the culture medium and algae to flow down to a next level, and this process is repeated until it reaches a bottom tube where the culture medium and algae are pumped back to the top of the vertical flow device or passed to outside of the vertical flow device to a next process. The system further comprises set of cleaning brushes that are movably located in the container and are moved by water pressure through the container to clean an inner surface of the photobioreactor tube. It further includes a cleaning device that is moved through the photobioreactor tube by water propulsion through the tube, cleaning the inner sides of the tube as the cleaning device passes through the tube. The cleaning device comprises cleaning solvent or microbes that are used to clean the inner surface of the photobioreactor tube. Carbon-dioxide is provided in the photobioreactor tube to stimulate algae growth. The system comprises a closed loop system to protect the selected algae species from being contaminated by other algae species and bacteria and to control optimum wastewater temperature, pH, carbon-dioxide concentration, gas composition, and irradiance. The wastewater is subjected to high pressure prior to being introduced to the photobioreactor system. The system further comprises a light tube used to distribute controlled light across the photobioreactor tube. It includes sulfur light source lamp, optically coupled with the light tube, and used as the light source for the light tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or their mixture. The alkali metal chloride is magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Using the alkaline-earth metals glycerin compound catalyst for catalyzing biodiesel production comprises mixing low acid value fat with low-carbonate ethanol having mole ratio of 3-45:1, adding alkaline-earth metal glycerin compound as catalyst, stirring at 50-70 degrees C to mix; reacting for 1-4 hours, stewing layering or off center layering to form three phases; where the upper layer is biodiesel; the extreme lower phase is catalyst; and the middle phase is glycerin; separating the lower glycerin phase and catalyst, obtaining rough biodiesel; rinsing and reduced pressure distilling the rough biodiesel with sodium chloride saturated solution; and collecting and obtaining finished biodiesel. Preferred Components: The fat is Jatropha curcas oil, rap oil, transgenosis rap oil, castor oil, soybean oil, transgenosis soybean oil, Pistacia chinensis Bunge oil, Xanthoceras oil, Litsea cubeba oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, or peanut oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline comprises (wt.%) methanol (65), dimethyl ether (12), naphtha (10), devulcanized heavy alkylate (10), nitromethane (2), power promoter (0.5), corrosion inhibitor (0.2), stabilizer (0.1), and solvent (0.2).Preferred Components: The power promoter comprises iso-amyl nitrite and tetranitromethane having a weight ratio of 5:1.The corrosion inhibitor comprises zinc dialkyl thiophosphate and sulfanilic acid having a weight ratio of 1:1The solvent is acetylated lanolin alcohol.The stabilizer comprises oleic acid, naphthenic acid, diethylamine and propylamine having a weight ratio of 1:1:5:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Cellulomonas is selected from Cellulomonas flavigena, Cellulomonas fabia, Cellulomonas fimi, Cellulomonas varians, Cellulomonas biazotea or their mixture. Bacillus is selected from Bacillus sterothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus polymyxa or their mixture. Lactobacillus is Lactobacillus casei. Methanobacterium is selected from Methanobacterium formicium, Methanobacterium ruminantium or their mixture. Thiobacillus is selected from Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans or their mixture. Streptomyces is Streptomyces thermophilus. Thermoactinomyces is Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Thermomonospora is Thermomonospora curvata. Azotobacter is Azotobacter vinelandii. Nitrosomonas is Nitrosomonas europaea. Nitrobacter is Nitrobacter winogradskyi. Rhizobium is selected from Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium leguminosarum or their mixture. Aspergillus is selected from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae or their mixture. Saccharomyces is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Penicillium is Penicillium notatum. Humicola is Humicola insolens. Rhizopus is Rhizopus oligosporus. Mycorrhizal fungus is Rhizoctonia, particularly Rhizoctonia cerealis. The microbial inoculum also includes one or multiple ground substances, vegetable fiber, animal dung, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, single cell protein, wooden meal, rice hull, rice chaff, straw, dairy manure, pig manure, chicken manure, fish powder, pulse flour, rice hull, fish powder or their mixture. The animal dung is animal manure, particularly dairy manure, pig manure and chicken manure or their mixture. The vegetable fiber is selected from wooden meal, rice hull, rice chaff and straw or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises plant fibers, which contains wheat straws, corn straws, corn bran, rice bran, bagasse and corn cobs. The organic acid is selected from acetic acid or propionic acid.
ACTIVITY - Antifouling. In a test for measuring ability to prevent adhesion of marine components, microbubbles of nitrogen gas reduced the adhesion at a rate of 45.7% compared to control (100%).    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amine compound is N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, styrenated diphenylamine or phenothiazine. The phenol-type compound is hydroquinone, tert-butyl hydroquinone, methyl hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, tetrakis(methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)methane, isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and/or styrenated phenol. Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of amine compound and phenol-type compound is 1:4-4:1, preferably 3:7-1:1, more preferably 1:1. Preferred Process: The biodiesel fuel containing antioxidant (0.05-0.5 mass%) is stabilized. Preferred Composition: The biodiesel fuel contains fatty-acid methyl ester and 4-25C unsaturated component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The hydrogen production apparatus is directly coupled with engine installed in motor vehicle and arranged at pipe interior in which hot exhaust gas is circulated. The hydrogen production apparatus has on oxygen supply unit for supplying oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The catalyst layer further has a support capable of supporting metallic cluster. The metal is zero valent metal, and metal having valence of more than 2, preferably bivalent metal and tetravalent metal. The number of moles of bivalent metal is more than number of moles of zero valent metal in metallic cluster. The ratio of number of moles of zero valent metal, bivalent metal and tetravalent metal is 20-50%, 20-50% and 10-50, respectively with respect to total amount. The metallic cluster contains gold, tungsten, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium and/or platinum, preferably palladium. The amount of palladium in catalyst is 5-50 wt.%. The number of moles of metal is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The dissolvable nickel salt liquor is nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate and/or nickel acetate. Preferred Composition: The content of cerium oxide radical addition agent is 0.5-2 mass%. The content of platinum is 0.01-0.8 mass%. The content of nickel is 7-16 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The high-efficient complex enzyme is one or more of hydrolytic enzyme, splitting enzyme and oxidation reduction enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The bio-enzyme reacting region and the membrane module are arranged in same reaction tank. The amount of bio-enzyme is enriched on bio-enzyme reaction region using the activated sludge in the reaction tank or the membrane module as carrier. The bottom of the reacting tank is provided with an aerator pipe which is connected with an air blower. The one end of a device is provided with a sewage inlet pipe, the bio-enzyme reaction region and the membrane module are arranged along the flow direction of sewage one by one and the other end of the sewage treatment device is connected with the recycling tank through the pump. The solid carrier is multi-hollow ceramic or hollow micro-bead. The bio-enzyme reacting region and the membrane module are respectively arranged in different reaction tanks. The condensation reflux pipe is arranged between the two reaction tanks. The outer portion is round or rectangular. The sewage treatment device is composed of reinforced concrete, steel or toughened glass, and the sewage treatment device is assembled underground or semi-underground.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The garbage sorted substance pyrolyzing furnace of the garbage treating system combines the microwave heating and the activation and carbonization of the sealed low temperature schizolysis, the inside of the furnace is installed with pyrolyzing furnace chamber, crushing chamber for processing the solid carbide and pyrolyzing furnace of the activating chamber, which is used to further treat the solid carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ferment temperature is higher than 60 degrees C, and the high temperature of material lasts for more than 5 days. The double helix aeration compost turner which combines the functions of compost turning, oxygenizing and humidifying, and the transportation and technical regulation and control are facilitated synchronously.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The lysozyme is added at 150-300 g per ton of pig feed, at 100-400 g per ton of aquatic raising feed, at 60-120 g per ton of poultry raising feed, at 80-120 g per ton of early-period poultry raising feed, and at 60-90 g per ton of later-period poultry raising feed. ACTIVITY - Antidiarrheic; Antimicrobial; Endocrine-Gen.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Chinese medicinal herbs in the first step comprise 20 wt.% dried orange peel, 20 wt.% large-headed atractylodes rhizome, 30 wt.% radix paeoniae alba and 20 wt.% divaricate saposhnikovia root, in which 0.5-1% of Chinese medicinal herbs is added to every 1 ton of feed. The Chinese medicinal herbs in the second step comprise 20 wt.% dried orange peel, 30 wt.% large-headed atractylodes rhizome, 30 wt.% radix paeoniae alba and 20 wt.% divaricate saposhnikovia root. The microecological preparation at least contains the mixture of Lactobacillus and Saccharomycetes; in which the Chinese medicinal herbs and the microecological preparation separately take 50%; and 0.2-0.3% of Chinese medicinal herbs and mixture is added to every 1 ton of feed. The mixture contains more than 500000000 cfu/ml of Lactobacillus and more than 10000000 cfu/ml of Saccharomycetes, and pH of lower than 4.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphate fertilizer comprises concentrated superphosphate and/or diammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride. The trace element comprises zinc sulfate or borax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea and/or ammonium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The combustible gas is separated by making combustible gas enter tank with ferric oxide through pipes to eliminate sulfureted hydrogen, and compressing gas without sulfureted hydrogen with compressor to pressure tank containing liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) (30-70%) which separates gas and liquid, compressing gas without sulfureted hydrogen and controlling temperature at 20-30 degrees C and pouring gas without sulfureted hydrogen into liquid CO2 through pipes to liquefy CO2 and separate clear gas of methane (CH4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel comprises (pts. wt.) degummed vegetable oil (30), degreased animal fat (30), coked light oil (30), dimethyl sulfoxide (0.1), high-efficiency stabilizer T1201-1 (0.3), solvent oil No. 6 (5), anisole (0.3) and isobutylamine antioxidant (1.6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The washing step takes place in a medium at normal pressure ratio. The removing step takes place in vacuum. The pressure in the vacuum is adjusted to greater than 1 bar. The temperature in the vacuum is 120-160 degrees C. The wash liquid is again used after removing the carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt tolerance in chlorinated sodium concentration of 15-35 g/L is maintained when activated sludge is sodium chloride. The ammonia nitrogen concentration in underground saline water is 60-310 mg/L. The activated sludge contains marine bacteria and iodic acid bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fullerene is 60C fullerene or 70C fullerene. Preferred Process: The modification of surface of fullerene is carried out in surface of fullerene structure having pyrrolidine skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The reaction chamber consists of inner and outer compartments separated by slits in tangential direction along the inner compartment wall. The input ports of the contaminated air are attached to the outer compartment in tangential direction along the reaction chamber wall. The other end of the input ports are attached to the air supply system with the suction fan unit for injection of air contaminated with the agents, and where the suction fan unit functions as a vacuum cleaner collecting contaminants settled on surfaces to be decontaminated. Size of the reaction chamber is determined according to the airflow rate to be purified. Preferred Process: The electromagnetic waves used have frequency in range of 500 MHz to 10 GHz and power in range of 0.6-15 kW. Flow rate of air contaminated with the toxic materials is in the range of 1000-100000 l/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises the stimulation of the biological oxidation of the pollutants by microorganisms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide comprises iron, manganese, silicon, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, or nickel. The metal oxide comprises an iron oxide or a mixed oxide comprising an iron oxide and aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, or silicon oxide. The colloidal particles contain a monodisperse metal oxide crystal or the colloidal particles comprise an aggregate of metal oxide particles. The colloidal particles are comprised in a colloidal suspension comprising water. The colloidal particles are brought into contact with the water and/or soil comprising the pollutants by mixing, active transport and/or passive transport. Colloidal particles comprising iron oxide particles having a particle size of 1-500 nm are brought into contact with water and/or soil comprising a pollutant by pumping the colloidal particles into the water and/or soil. The degradation is an oxidative degradation. The colloidal particles are further used to enhance the availability of other mineral electron acceptors present in the water and/or soil, especially bulk metal oxides. Preferred Dimension: The colloidal particles have a particle size of 1-2000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: When the process involves the mixture (m1), then the MG processing step further involves adding a transition metal or its compound to the mixture and co-grinding the mixture. Preferred Material: When the mixture (m1) is used, then the gas storage material is obtained by adding transition metal or its compound to the mixture and co-grinding the mixture. When the mixture (m1) or (m3) is used, the size of the transition metal or its compound contained in the MG processing product after the co-grinding is less than or equal to 5 nm. Preferred Components: The alkali metal or its compound contains Li and/or K. The alkaline earth metal or its compound contains Ca. The transition metal or its compound contains at least one element selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. EXAMPLE - In test example, cellulose, LiOH, Ca(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 were blended at a 1/3/3/1 molar ratio and subjected to the mechanical grinding (MG) processing for 8 hours. In comparative example, cellulose, Ca(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 were blended at a 1/6/1 molar ratio and subjected to the MG processing, in the same manner as in test example. The result showed that, the gases were generated in the order of H2, CO, and CO2 along with temperature elevation. The starting temperatures of H2 generation, CH4 generation, CO generation, and CO2 generation in the MG processing product of test example, were lowered by 100-200 degrees C compared with those of comparative example, and the starting temperature of H2 generation in the MG processing product of test example was about 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises collecting synthetic petroleum from the stacked particle bioreactor. It further comprises covering each bioreactor with a gas impermeable barrier. The step of forming an anaerobic environment includes purging the stacked particle bioreactor with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia or hydrogen gas. The method further comprises inoculating each bioreactor with a culture comprising aerobic and/or facultative anaerobic microorganism(s) and aerobically fermenting organic carbonaceous material in each bioreactor prior to forming an anaerobic environment within the bioreactor. It further comprises adding material(s) including asphaltic oil, waste oil, bitumen, tar, pitch, and kerogen to bioreactor(s). Preferred Component: The particles comprise a solid organic carbonaceous material including oil sands, carbonaceous rock, asphalt, rubber, or agricultural waste. The particles comprise carbonaceous rock including coal or oil shale.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid organic carbonaceous material includes rubber. The particles comprise agricultural waste including plant waste(s) comprising bark, corn cobs, nut shells, wood by-products, or crop by-products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrocatalyst is made of bimetallic platinum alloy and a metal consisting of platinum, ruthenium, tin, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, iron, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, titanium, tungsten, tungsten oxide, manganese, chromium, gold, silver and tungsten carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton exchange membrane is constituted by copolymers of hydrated polytetrafluoroethylene resin or vinyl polyfluoride sulfonyl-ether containing sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Property: The diameter of the biological carrier is 2 mm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The filling rate of biological carrier is 5-50% of the aerator volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A portion of the catalyst containing iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and/or platinum supports a support containing titanium oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, vanadium oxide and/or activated carbon. Preferred Process: The metal content in the catalyst is 0.5 mass% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The liquid fuel is alcohol.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device comprises biodegradable polymeric material selected from polyalkylene esters, polyacetic acid or their copolymer, polyamide esters, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl alcohol, and/or polyanhydride, cellulose, starch-based polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel source further comprises a catalyst. The reactive metal source comprises powder, chunks, lumps, fibers, flakes, porous foam, hollow fibers, crystals, flakes, rods, tubes and/or metal foil. The reactive metal source comprises aluminum, boron, silicon, strontium, barium, titanium, hafnium, zinc, gallium, indium and/or calcium, or its alloys or compounds. The chemical hydride comprises CaH2, NaBH4, LiAlH4, NaAlH4, KAlH4 and/or MgAlH4.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The first catalyst is supported NiMo, NiW, or CoMo catalyst, the support is alumina, or alumina with phosphorus or silicon oxides. The first catalyst is utilized in such a way that the biofeed conversion catalyst formulations at the inlet to the first catalyst zone are less active than the biofeed conversion catalyst formulations at the outlet of the first catalyst zone. The separated hydrocarbon light fraction comprises predominately n-hexadecane (16C) and lighter hydrocarbons. The separated hydrocarbon heavy fraction comprises n-heptadecane (17C) and heavier. The n-paraffins are separated by use of distillation column and by counter-contacting with water vapor, hydrogen, or nitrogen. The second catalyst contains at least one Pt, Pd, Ni, on amorphous or crystalline supports containing at least one alumina, fluorided alumina, silica, ferrierite, ZSM-12, ZSM-21, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-II, SAPO-31, and SAPO-41. Preferred Composition: In composition (C1) the renewable middle distillate is used as fuel for turbines. The renewable middle distillate is used as fuel for diesel engines or jet engines. In composition (C2), the renewable LPG contains propane (50-99%). The renewable biological feedstock comprises vegetable oils, animal fats and/or tall oil fatty acid. The renewable LPG is used as fuel for cooking, heating, and transportation; as feedstock for olefins and alkylates and for producing hydrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing 95 (or 92)% methanol and petroleum ether in mixing tank at 1-5 minutes to obtain uniform and colorless liquid at mass ratio of methanol and petroleum ether at 1:0.2; and adding 0.01-3% stabilizing agent, mixing, uniformly filtering, and adding fuel to product tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isobutylene amide isoheptylate composition comprises (pts.wt.) tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (71-74, preferably 72-73), butylene amide (15-22, preferably 17-20), ethyl acetate (6-11, preferably 7-9), antioxidant (0.006-0.007), and antiseptic (0.006-0.007). Preferred Components: The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol or 4,4-methylene-di-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. The antiseptic is isothiazolinone, or 4-phenyl-1-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide (preferably potassium hydroxide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of purifying the fatty acid alcohol ester involves water washing the fatty acid alcohol ester at least one time. The step of separating the fatty acid alcohol ester from the glycerin involves centrifuging the mixture for a period of time to separate the fatty acid alcohol ester and the glycerin. The step (c) is accomplished at 40-130 degrees F (preferably 65-85 degrees F); or is accomplished at ambient temperature and at ambient pressure. The step (c) proceeds to completion within 15-20 minutes. The mixture is allowed to sit at room temperature for 10-20 minutes without agitation prior to the separation step. Preferred Components: The source of triglyceride is selected from soybean oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, algae oil, jatropha oil, animal fat tallow and/or waste vegetable oil (preferably virgin soybean oil). The catalyst is selected from sodium methylate and/or potassium methylate. The lower alcohol comprises methanol (3-5%) and ethanol (95-97%). The ketone is selected from methyl ethyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone (preferably methyl isobutyl ketone). EXAMPLE - Soybean oil (1 l) was reacted with blended alcohol composition (275 ml) with potassium hydroxide (14 g) dissolved in it and stirred vigorously until the desired color change was apparent. The mixture was allowed to sit at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes without agitation. Upon reaching the maximum cloud point, the mixture was placed in a separation container and allowed to separate into the biodiesel and the byproduct.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant waste is selected from plant stems, leaves, stalks, stover, husks, hulls, and/or waste paper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is selected from mineral acids and/or organic acids. The mineral acids are selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and/or other mineral acids (preferably hydrochloric acid). The acid is pure hydrochloric acid stored in plastic containers or other containers that are not ceramic or glass in nature to reduce contamination by detrimental salts that are leached from the ceramic or glass by action of the acid. The metal salt is selected from alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and/or transition metal salts preferably transition metal salt). The metal salt is selected from Cu+2 salts, Zn+2 salts, Cr+2 salts, Cr+3 salts, La+3 salts, Sn+2 salts, Sn+4 salts, Fe+2 salts, Fe+3 salts, and/or Co+2 salts, (preferably ZnCl2, ZnSO4, CuCl2, FeCl3, FeSO4, CrSO4, CrCl3, CuSO4, CoCl2, CoSO4 and/or LaCl3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The feedstock is mechanically milled. The method further involves fermenting a glucose rich product into an ethanol containing bio-fuel; and several digesting steps. Preferred Components: The feedstock comprises saccharide-containing material, cellulosic material having low amount of lignins, or plant waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The selenic acid reduction microorganisms of Pseudomonas genus with acceptance number of FERM P-20840 are supported by support in addition to sulfuric acid reduction microorganisms. The Paracoccus denitrificans is supported by support in addition to sulfuric acid reduction microorganisms and selenic acid reduction microorganisms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The process further involves dehydrating the distilled ethanol to produce an ethanol with a higher proof than the distilled ethanol, where during the dehydrating step water is recovered; mixing the remainder with bacteria and water prior to digesting; and separating the residue from the digestion step into digested liquid and digested sludge. The step of separating the residue from the digestion step further involves dewatering the digested sludge to produce a soil amendment and a water residue, and recycling the water residue from the dewatering of the digested sludge into the remainder; recovering of ammonia from the digested liquid to produce an ammonia fertilizer, and recycling water from the digested liquid following ammonia recovery into the remainder; and recycling bacteria from the digested sludge into the remainder. The step of digesting includes digesting in a tank that includes several sectors in series, where each sector is portioned from each other, where the sectors include six sectors in series. The biogas is further include the electricity produced by step (d) is sufficient to provide, after the initial start up of the integrated continuous process of 75% of the electricity of step (f). Preferred Components: The remainder is a stillage or slurry. The stillage or slurry is approximately 8 to 15% solids. The digester tank includes several sectors to create a series of mixing digesters. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalytic borylation is performed at a temperature above -100 degrees C (preferably at -100 to 200 degrees C; especially at -100 to 180 degrees C) for greater than one-half hour, preferably for greater than 12 hours. The product of the process has at least 2% of total molecular weight of the product consisting of borylated aromatic moiety. In the process, after forming the borylated moiety, at least some borylated moiety is further reacted to alter the chemical functionality of the borylated moiety. Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is selected from iridium-catalysts, rhenium-catalysts, palladium-catalysts, platinum-catalysts, ruthenium-catalysts and/or rhodium-catalysts (preferably an iridium catalyst of formula IrA'B'n).Ir=a cationic iridium atom;A'=an anionic moiety (preferably chlorine atom, alkoxy group, hydroxyl group, or optionally substituted phenyloxy group);B'=an alkene moiety (preferably an alkene-containing compound);andn=1 or 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: At least 10% total molecular weight of the preformed aromatic polymer comprises aromatic groups. The aromatic polymer comprises a polysulfone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The superficial velocity of two phases is 0.03-3 cm/minute, preferably 0.2-3 cm/minute, and the residence time of materials in the extraction reaction column is 20-150 minutes. The high-acid-value oil and methanol flow into the extraction reaction column in a reverse-flow or parallel-flow manner. The mass ratio of methanol and fatty acid in high-acid-value oil is preferably 1:10. The extraction, esterification and coupling temperature is set to 55-65 degrees C. During alkali-catalysis and ester-exchange, the oil phase flowing out from the extraction reaction column is added to the methanol solution of alkali catalyst for reaction. The mass ratio of methanol to glyceride in the oil phase is 6:1. The usage amount of alkali catalyst is 1% of glyceride in the oil phase, the reaction temperature is 60 degrees C, and the reaction time is 60 minutes. Crude biodiesel is filled in a rectifying device and distilled at 20-1000 Pa. The fraction is collected at 170-300 degrees C, to obtain biodiesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The alkali catalyst is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or sodium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Catalyst: The solid acid catalyst is a macroporous strong-acid cationic-exchange resin, preferably D001 (RTM: macroporous strong acid styrene cation-exchange resin), 732# (RTM: macroporous cation-exchange resin), or CD550 (RTM: macroporous strongly acidic cation-exchange resin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heat-processing of carbonized material is performed by adding a fuel or providing electric power. The method further involves adding rock phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of gimeracil crystal form A comprises dissolving gimeracil in a solvent, adding an active carbon to reflux, thermally filtering, and cooling. Preferred Component: The solvent is ethanol aqueous solution, 1-4C aqueous alcohol solution except ethanol, aqueous acetone solution, and/or aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution. The solvent can be pure water. Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of ethanol to water is 94-0:6-100 (preferably 40-70:60-30), and the weight ratio of gimeracil to ethanol aqueous solution is 1:20-100 (preferably 1:20-60). The weight ratio of aqueous alcohol to water is 99-0:6-100, and the weight ratio of gimeracil to aqueous alcohol solution is 1:20-100. The weight ratio of aqueous acetone to water is 90-0:10-100, and the weight ratio of gimeracil to aqueous acetone solution is 1:20-100. The weight ratio of aqueous tetrahydrofuran to water is 90-0:10-100, and the weight ratio of gimeracil to aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution is 1:5-30. The weight ratio of gimeracil to water is 1:45-100 (preferably 1:50-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparing potassium glyphosate solution containing higher than 30% glyphosate comprises adding ammonium bicarbonate or carbon dioxide to sodium mother liquor to separate out sodium bicarbonate, filtering, and directly adding raw or wet glyphosate, potassium hydroxide and glyphosate additive to the mother liquor. The film-processed dilute liquid is used for recovering sodium chloride or potassium chloride. Preferred Materials: The sodium mother liquor and potassium mother liquor have pH of 9.5-10.5 and concentration of 30-35%. The potassium hydroxide is 40-55% (preferably 45-50%) liquid potassium hydroxide or 80-95% (preferably 90-95%) solid potassium hydroxide. The weight ratio of the film-processed liquid to raw or wet glyphosate to potassium hydroxide to glyphosate additive is 20-35:40-45:20-25:9-10. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The refused derived solid fuel contains 40-90 wt.% of dry fraction refused derived solid fuel and 10-60 wt.% of polymer(s) chosen from elastomeric material and/or thermoplastic material, or 60-80 wt.% of dry fraction solid urban waste and 20-40 wt.% of polymer(s) chosen from elastomeric material and/or thermoplastic material, or 40-90 wt.% of dry fraction refused derived solid fuel, 5-55 wt.% of elastomeric polymer material(s) and 5-55 wt.% of thermoplastic polymer material(s), or 60-80 wt.% of dry fraction solid urban waste, 10-30 wt.% of elastomeric polymer material(s) and 10-30 wt.% of thermoplastic polymer material(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cast material hearth used in the automatic straw gasifier is fire resisting material of aluminum and silicon carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fuel cell is polymer electrolyte fuel cell or solid oxide fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The waste gas supplied from carbonization apparatus and fine dust contained in waste gas are separated using a cyclone (13). The oxygen concentration of mixed waste gas extracted from cement firing installation and kiln bottom of rotary kiln is 10% or less. The half-carbonized biomass is pulverized simultaneously to obtain solid fuel and powder solid fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises separating the lipid phase from the hydrophilic phase. The step (ii) is conducted such that water is continuously removed from the solution. The step (ii) is conducted at a temperature of 95-120 degrees C and reduced pressure, and the temperature is such that the water vapor pressure is near the reduced pressure. The lipid phase is subjected to transesterification to form a biodiesel. The transesterification step comprises the formation of fatty acid methyl esters. The cellulose and protein dissolved in the hydrophilic phase are subjected to conversion reactions, where the cellulose and protein are converted to compounds that are insoluble in the ionic liquid. The conversion reactions comprises step of hydrogenation, selective oxidation and/or aldol reactions. The hydrogenation step conducted in the presence of a Raney (RTM: Solid catalyst composed of fine grains of a nickel-aluminum alloy) catalyst. Preferred Components: The hydrophilic phase comprises cellulose and protein dissolved in the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is an inorganic salt hydrate comprises a hydrate of zinc chloride. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically heatable ceramic is formed from aluminum oxide, chromium(III) oxide, calcium oxide, iron(III) oxide, hafnium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum nitride, molybdenum disilicide, silicon carbide, boron nitride and/or cermite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ECOD cathode is a material selected from silver-doped cerium gadolinium oxide (Ag-CGO), yttrium doped bismuth oxide (Y0.25Bi0.75O1.5) (YSB) and strontium-doped samarium cobaltite (Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is tar, pitch, lignin, phenol resin, and/or phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The petroleum hydrocarbon oil is kerosene or heavy oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The catalyst is maintained at 150-250 degrees C, preferably 200-220 degrees C. The volume ratio of hydrogen is 95-99.9%. Preferred Process: The methanol in the gas discharged from the reaction tube is trapped and circulated through the remaining mixed gas to reaction tube. The mixed gas is introduced into the reaction tube after carrying out flow volume adjustment of mixed gas with mass-flow controller (14) provided in the upstream of reaction tube. The pressure regulation of mixed gas is carried out using a buffer tank (11) provided in the upstream of mass-flow controller. Concentration adjustment of mixed gas which circulates into reaction tube through mass-flow controller and buffer tank is carried out so that the volume ratio of hydrogen before subjecting the mixed gas into mass-flow controller and buffer tank is same. The mixed gas introduced into the reaction tube from downward direction of reaction tube and circulated inside the reaction tube is discharged from the upper direction of reaction tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The removal apparatus has transition metal oxide arranged in upstream, activated carbon arranged in mid-stream, and adsorption agent for adsorbing sulfide, thiophene and/or cyclohexene in downstream by flow direction of fuel gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: The transition metal oxide is manganese dioxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide or their mixture. The adsorption agent is silver-supported zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Mercaptan in fuel gas is tertiary butyl mercaptan. The odorization agent consists of mercaptan, sulfide, thiophene and/or cyclohexene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid organic alcohol is methanol, ethanol, or propanol. The liquid organic alcohol is propanediol and methanol. The liquid organic alcohol is glycerine and methanol. The liquid organic alcohol is propanediol and ethanol. The liquid organic alcohol is glycerin and ethanol. Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of nitroglycerin to methanol is 0.1-15:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin to ethanol is 0.1-5:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin to propanol is 0.1-5:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin, propanediol and methanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin, glycerine, and methanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin, propanediol, and ethanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of nitroglycerin, glycerin, and ethanol is 5-15:100:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen is dissolved in fossil fuel based on volume ratio of 1:10-1:5. The hydrogen is dissolved in fossil fuel at supersaturation state by hydrogen dissolving device in which hydrogen and fossil fuel are mixed continuously. Preferred Conditions: The fossil fuel dissolved with hydrogen is loaded into the fuel tank at pressure of 2.5-4.5 kg/cm2, and hydrogen is supplied according to proportion of 0.1-0.4 l/minute to the burner at fuel consumption capacity of 50 l/hour. Preferred Device: The fuel tank is equipped with a circulation pipeline for discharging and recharging the fuel, a hydrogen-guide pipe for supplying hydrogen from a hydrogen supplying device, and hydrogen dissolving device. The fuel is supplied from the fuel tank to the burner in fresh state by circulating the fuel through circulation pipeline. The charging side of hydrogen dissolving device is equipped with a fuel cooling device. The fossil fuel supplied to the hydrogen dissolving device and mixed with hydrogen is stored at predetermined low temperature. The hydrogen is dissolved in fossil fuel at supersaturation state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The VIII-group metal is chosen from palladium, platinum, rhenium, ruthenium and iridium. The VIII-group metal salt is preferably nitrate salt. The zinc salt is dissolved in deionized water. The concentration of zinc salt solution is 1.3-2 mol/L. The rare earth metal is lanthanum, cerium or yttrium. The concentration of rare earth metal dilute solution is 0.5-3 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The urban garbage contains industrial solid, liquid waste or urban life garbage. The coal or portion of garbage is used as fuel on kiln head. The garbage is fed from kiln tail. A portion of coal or other fuel is fed from kiln tail, when there is no garbage, or lack of garbage content heat value of garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of the castor oil and alcohol in the biodiesel is 1:6. The catalyst of biodiesel is chosen from sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution, preferably potassium hydroxide solution. The alcohol is chosen from methanol or ethanol, preferably methanol. The raw material is chosen from acescent castor oil, castor oil mud and other vegetable oil fats. Preferred Process: The catalyst of the biodiesel is obtained by using base catalyst (0.8-1%, preferably 0.8%) with respect to the oil, and dissolving the base catalyst in methanol to form the saturated solution. Preferred Condition: The ester exchanging reaction of the biodiesel is carried out at 45-65 degrees C, preferably 45 degrees C for 1.5-6 hours, preferably 1.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The soil on the surface of the pine tree root is removed by scraping and root is crushed using a crusher (1) to wood scrape of 0.5-3 cm. Then, the scrape is put into a sealed soaking tank (2) and soaked for 2-4 hours. The process is repeated for three times to immerse the grease in the wood scrape and filtered to obtain filter cake pure wood fiber. Then, the soaking liquid of three times are combined and conveyed into a primary distilling tower (3), low component of 60-100 degrees C is distilled and solvent and water are recycled. The product is distilled at 100-220 degrees C to 200-220 degrees C and remaining material is cooled (4) on bottom of the tower to obtain the pine light oil. The obtained deep yellow distilling liquid is added to re-distilling tower (5) and re-distilled at 120-240 degrees C. The fraction is cooled (6) to 220-240 degrees C and the remaining material on the bottom of the tower is cooled to obtain rough rosin. Then, the obtained yellow fraction is conveyed into a finely distilling tower, distilled at 140-260 degrees C and cooled (8) to 240-260 degrees C. The obtained rosin is transparent liquid. The olefin gasoline and diesel fuel base oil are supplied into a chamber (9) and the residual material of three times is mixed with final distilling point to obtain pine light oil, and cooled (8) at bottom of the tower to obtain rosin with high quality.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is floridin, kieselguhr or kaolin. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is present at 2-7%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The acid value of rosin in raw material is 20-150 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The catalyst is ferric sulfate solid acid catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The charring layer is straw layer located under the burning layer, and stops to burn or burns insufficiently under oxygen-deficient conditions. The charring temperature is 510 plus minus 70 degrees C. The oxygen-enriched coefficient of straw charcoal is preferably 10-11.5%. The weight ratio of other component of barbecue-type charcoal except the binder to the binder is preferably 100:(2.5-3.5). Preferred Materials: The material straw is agriculture residue and frost waste comprising corn straw, corn cob, grain sorghum straw, bean stalk, peanut shell, peanut straw, cotton straw, straw, wheat straw, peach kernel shell, apricot pit shell, coconut shell, haw kernel, grafted wood branch, tree bark, saw dust, and/or wood scrape. The other carbon-containing material is coke, coal carbon, wood carbon, and/or bamboo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: When the charring device comprises more than two charring tanks, back half of the smoke-collecting channel of every charring tank is gathered to form total flue. The flow regulating device is a wind-regulating door, which is used for regulating gas flow in the smoke-collecting channel during charring process and set on the smoke-collecting channel or total flue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Binder: The binder starch is mung bean starch, potato powder, potato starch, wheat flour, wheat starch, sweet potato powder, sweet potato starch, corn starch, water caltrop starch, lotus root starch, water chestnut starch, and/or cassava starch. The binder starch is gelatinized using sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Coke is also used in the fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is propane. The stripping gas comprises nitrogen or hydrogen. Preferred Method: The first cryogenic temperature is - 155-(- 170) degrees C. The absorbent is regenerated by subjecting it to second cryogenic temperature higher than first cryogenic temperature. The absorbent is regenerated at a second pressure lower than the first pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The two microorganisms are yeast and/or bacteria, preferably each one is heterofermentative microorganism and a homofermentative microorganism. Preferred Method: The two microorganisms are added to the food silage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic substance is silicates, preferably aluminum silicate, diatomaceous earth, zeolites and/or bentonite. The aluminum silicate is acid-treated, granulated aluminum silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A mixture of lignite xylitol is pressed with detrital lignite (8-45, preferably 10-12 wt.%). A mixture of lignite xylitol ( greater than or equal to 50 wt.%) and lignocellulose-containing raw material ( less than or equal to 50 wt.%) is pressed. The ready to press material is shredded to a fiber length of less than or equal to 1 mm. The ready to press material has a moisture content of 30-50 wt.%. The detrital lignite is mixed with the shredded lignite xylitol. The adjusting of the moisture content of the mixture to be pressed is carried out by air drying. The pellets are dried to a moisture content of 6-10 wt.%. The drying of the pellet is carried out at less than or equal to 150 degrees C. A binder based on starch and/or cellulose is added to the substance to be pressed. Preferred Components: The lignocellulose-containing raw material is straw and/or wood. The detrital lignite contains a residual content of up to 8-45, preferably 8-12 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The first and second modes of operation are respectively obtained by feeding the internal combustion engine with a weak mixture and a rich mixture. The second mode of operation is obtained by injecting a reducing agent in an exhaust tube (2) upstream of the NOx trap or in a cylinder of the engine. The passage of the first operation mode to the second operation mode is triggered by crossing a first threshold value at low by the storage efficiency of the NOx or crossing a second threshold value at low by the conversion efficiency of methane. The passage of the second mode of operation to the first mode of operation is triggered by crossing a third threshold value at low by the amount of NOx stored in the NOx trap and/or by crossing a fourth threshold value at high by the amount of reducing agent introduced into NOx trap by the activation of the second mode of operation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The NOx trap comprises at least 2.5 (preferably at least 20) g/ft3 palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The oleaginous microorganisms are selected from Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, Lipomyces or Rhodococcus. Preferred Components: The carbon source is obtained from raw sugar or molasses.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon source is obtained from refined lignocellulosic material. EXAMPLE - The example illustrates preparation of lipids in bioreactors using oleaginous microorganisms. Yeast was selected from Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, Lipomyces or Rhodococcus, preferably Lipomyces starkeyi. 20 g per liter of lipids were added to the bioreactor containing culture medium containing salts selected from potassium biphosphate, sodium biphosphate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and traces. The pH of the bioreactor was adjusted at 3-7 and 5-20 volume to volume percent and the temperature was adjusted at 25-30 degrees C for incubation. The cell mass was stored at 25-30 degrees C in vials and was agitated at 150-220 rpm for 12-24 hours in synthetic medium containing 30 g of carbohydrate, 1 g of ammonium sulfate, 3 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of sodium phosphate, 1.5 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2 g of cobaltous chloride and 2 g yeast extract (pH 4.5-5). The fermented broth was centrifuged to separate lipids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The plant type biomass sterilized at 80-120 degrees C is subjected to culture. The culturing process is performed at 20-35?Oc at pH of 2-7. The method involves performing wet grinding process of plant type biomass after culturing the white-rot fungi P.flavidoalba. The plant type biomass used for wet grinding process has moisture content of 70 weight%. The wet grinding process is performed using disc mill. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ratio of first processed material and second processed material is 1:1-4. The recovery of aqueous ammonia is controlled by ammonia stripping method. The moisture content of organic waste added is 60% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 3C hydrocarbon (90 wt.%) is propylene. The last stage discharge contains 10-40 mol.% of methane and greater than 50 mol.% of propylene. The extended binary refrigerant contains 18-22 mol.% of methane, 78-82 mol.% of propylene and less than 10 mol.% of propane, less than 1 mol.% of hydrogen. The liquid refrigerant stream has content of greater than 80 mol.% of propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen production involves coupling hydrogen and nitrogen at high temperature and converting into ammonia, raising absorption efficiency of laser and powering biomass for high-speed heating, mixing metal powders of graphite powder for optical absorption property improvement and iron for deoxygenation, adding high temperature steam, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide or inert gas for rapid degradation, and accelerating hot gas decomposition of biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An emergent aquatic plant composed of one or more kinds of emergent aquatic plant is fixed within the artificial marsh tank by gravel filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: The metal oxide is chosen from tinoxide, titanium oxide, zincoxide, vanadium oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, Strontium titanate , ironoxide, tungsten oxide and copper oxide. POLYMER - Preferred Components: The membranous polymer is chosen from polyurethane, polyurethane copolymer, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butylate, cellulose acetate propionate, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylacrylate, poly acrylic copolymer, polyvinylacetate, polyvinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyper furyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyethylene copolymer, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide copolymer, polypropylene oxide copolymers, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers and polyamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Element: The metal catalyst is chosen from copper, iron, palladium, silver, platinum, nickel and gold. Preferred Element: The metal oxide precursor is chosen from tin, titanium, zinc, vanadium, indium, nickel, molybdenum, strontium, iron, tungsten, copper, calcium, cobalt and gallium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is dimethylformamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and/or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The heavy metal comprises copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium and lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of 40 mmol/L acetic acid to mixed solution of acetic acid and ammonium sulfate (20-40 (preferably 20) mmol/L acetic acid to 1 g/L ammonium sulfate) is 1:1-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The A.aceti treats copper-containing etching waste liquid at 20-35 degrees C, preferably 32 degrees C and pH 8-10. The A.aceti is treated with alkaline solution before being used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The anaerobic digestion of liquid fraction after recycling process is carried out at 25-60 degrees C for 1-35 days to produce biogas stream and digestate comprising solid fraction, and the biogas stream and the resulting biogas stream are combined to produce the biogas, and the solids fractions are combined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste feedstock is specified risk material or other organic waste material, preferably specified risk material. The apparatus further comprises anaerobic digester (II) for processing the liquid fraction at 25-60 degrees C for 1-35 days to produce biogas and solid fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Carbohydrase, protease and lipase enzymes are used in methanogenesis in the ratio of 1:2:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Contents: The bioorganic fertilizer comprises (pts.wt.) zymotic raw material (50-60, preferably 60), zymocyte powder (0.5-1.5, preferably 1.5), brown sugar (0.3-0.5, preferably 0.5) and brassinolide (0.05-0.1, preferably 0.05). The zymotic raw material comprises (pts.wt.) discarded tobacco leaves or stalk and stem (1-3, preferably 1-2.5) after harvesting the tobacco, animal dung (2-6, preferably 3-6), straw (2-4, preferably 3-4), grass peat, weathered coal or shale (0.5-2, preferably 0.5) and plant meal (1.5-5, preferably 2). Preferred Components: The animal dung is poultry dung, pig dung, and/or sheep dung; straw is wheat straw, rice straw, sorgo stalk, soy stalk or cornstalk; plant meal is plant seeds or leftovers after oil milling the fruit, preferably colza cake; and straw can be replaced by ruderal, cane mud, wooden meal or rice bran. The zymocyte powder is aerobic zymocyte powder; preferably, aerobic zymocyte powder comprises saccharomycetes powder, and/or lactobacillus powder. Preferred Method: The fermentation comprises controlling fermenting temperature at 40-65 degrees C for 1-6 days, controlling fermenting temperature at 20-30 degrees C after seventh day; and turning over and mixing material at one time for every 12-36 hours and finishing ferment for 7-10 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method, obtained dust is introduced in the boiler producing steam to drive turbines in power station. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-rich fuel gas comprises carbon monoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-rich fuel gas comprises methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The supplying arrangement and dumping arrangement are: percolating water circulation conduct available already in the domestic refuse dump; or a system, which comprises a pumping station and one or more seepage pits on the landfill surface. In the method, at least a part of intermediate decomposition products is fed to a reactor, a further landfill or a spatially and/or constructionally separated landfill area and adjusted to an anaerobic condition, and microorganisms adapted to this condition and the further degradation requirement are fed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: A portion(s) of gas obtained by purifying the product after synthesis reaction and separation is burned, and free oxygen (0.2-2.5%) is supplied to greenhouse for plant cultivation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The moisture content obtained by cooling and/or moisture content separated from the product of synthesis reaction is used as portion of raw material for methane fermentation treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The collection process comprises hydrolysis of the discarded material using aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 0.05-5 mass% of hydrochloric acid. The saccharification rate is 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing substance is chosen from silicon, aluminum, zinc, magnesium and/or their alloy or metal hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing inhibitor is an organic solvent with boiling point of 95-300 degrees C. The hydrogen-producing inhibitor further includes compound chosen from neutralized material of phosphoric acid and phosphate compound, phosphate and/or phosphate compound of formula: R2O-(P(=O)(-O(OA)mR1)-O)nH.R1=aryl group containing hydrogen, 8-24C alkyl, 8-24C alkenyl or 1-24C alkenyl substituent(s);A=2-4C alkylene;m=0-20;R2=H, alkyl, alkenyl or ary;andn=1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlorine removal agent contains ceramic porous body. The ceramic porous body is alumina. The chlorine removal agent contains ceramic porous body by which silver nitrate is carried. The chlorine removal agent contains silver ion exchange zeolite or silver carrying sepiolite. The metal container comprises austenitic stainless steel. The selective-oxidation catalyst contains ruthenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal copper with respect to metal cobalt is 0.01-5 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The polyol ester oil has dynamic viscosity of 10-30 mm2/second at 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles of transition metal oxide are sphere-shaped particles. The transition metal ion is cerium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc oxide is active white containing 80 weight% or more of zinc oxide. The alkali supported to zinc oxide is chosen from group (I) metal and group (II) metal. The group (I) metal and group (II) metal is chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium. The load of alkali with respect to zinc oxide is 1-20 weight%. The alkali is derived from soluble alkali salt. The soluble alkali salt is fluoride or nitrate compound of group (I) metal and group (II) metal. The alkali is supported on zinc oxide by impregnating method. The solid catalyst is activated by baking at 300-700 degrees C in air for 2-10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is of formula: R-OH (1). The fat and oil are derived from vegetable oil chosen from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil and/or olive oil, or waste oil.R=1-10C alkyl.Preferred Condition: The alcohol and fat and oil are reacted in the molar ratio of 3:1-30:1 for 1-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing enzyme-treatment process simultaneously when pulverizing the lignocellulose raw material. The enzyme is cellulase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perhalocarbon polymer contains sulfonic, sulfonamide and carboxylic acid groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light catalyst is titanium-bismuth compound visible light catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method uses acetic acid and/or sodium hydroxide to regulate the pH value to 3-5. Preferred Components: The laccase is p-diphenol:dioxygen oxidoreductases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The blend is stirred with diesel fuel number zero at a ratio of 2:3 in high-speed shears to obtain complex biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: After the materials are blended for 15-30 minutes, the materials are cycled for 15-30 minutes and decolored, and odor is removed to obtain finished product. Coconut shell active carbon is used for removing odor and for decoloring in the filtering tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a first cylindrical segment, which is located in the housing and a second cylindrical segment having a one-sided sealed bottom. The outer surface of the cylindrical segment is flow connected with the inner side of the cylindrical housing. The nickel foam is arranged on the cylindrical segments and forms a cylindrical flow channel (15). The first cylindrical segment represents an inlet (16) for the fluid medium into the flow channel. The nickel foam represents an outlet section for the fluid medium from the flow channel. The nickel foam is coated with a wash-coat. The device contains multiple layers of nickel foam. The nickel foam has a porosity of 400-1500 mu m and a thickness of 1 mm to 5 cm and a length of 5 cm to 10 m. The catalytically active coating contains nickel and/or a noble metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed gas comprises 0.5-6 (preferably 1-4) vol.% hydrogen, 10-30 (preferably 20-25) vol.% methane, 15-35 (preferably 20-30) vol.% ethylene, 8-25 (preferably 10-20) vol.% propylene and 20-40 (preferably 25-35) vol.% butane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Number of theoretical plate of the demethanizing column is 10-30, and the operation pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating and pressing steps comprise putting rice hull in retort, inletting steam at 150-190 degrees C to make the pressure in retort reach 0.6-1.0 MPa.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device is cylindrical in shape and has an outer diameter of 1/5-3/2 inches and is 6-24 inches in length. The device is red or blue in color. The device further comprises a hook placed on the top end of the device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 17-35 wt.% of binder, preferably shellac, 1-12 wt.% of insect attracting pigment, 1-40 wt.% of insect toxicant, 1-23 wt.% of insect feeding stimulant, preferably crude cottonseed oil, 1-17 wt.% of ingredient which is both filler, preferably clay filler and thickener and the substrate which has a bait insecticide composition comprising a polymer, at least one insect pheromone, at least one insect feeding stimulant, and an insect toxicant. The composition further comprises toxicant regeneration enhancer, 23-64 wt.% of ethyl alcohol, insect attractant and sufficient solvent to solubilize the ingredient. The solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum solvents, turpentine and/or xylene. The attractant comprises insect pheromones, coffee plant extracts, volatile plant compositions and/or synthetic insect attractants. The ingredient is an organic composition comprising methyl cellulose and/or ethyl cellulose. The insect toxicant comprises organophosphates comprising malathion, pyrethroids, carbamates, spinosyns, pyridines, pyrroles or pyrazoles, thiadiazines, oxadiazines, neem oil, nicotinoids, fiprole insecticides and/or anthranilic diamides. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Only the part of the half complete composter, namely cover halves, side panels with removal flaps and side panels without removal flap, is formed in each of the two injection molding cycles. Cover halves or a cover and two side panels with removal flap are simultaneously formed in the first injection molding cycle in a tool kit. Cover halves or a cover and two side panels with removal flap are simultaneously formed in the second injection molding cycle in another tool kit. In an injection molding cycle, the formation of a cover is optionally blocked or opened. All parts for a complete composter are packed as container. The two injection molding cycles are carried out in one or two injection molding machine. In the tool kit, an injection-locking device for the mold cavity for the cover is provided. In the injection molding installation, a segregation unit for a part e.g. a cover excessively formed in the two injection molding cycles for the production of all parts for the complete composter, is provided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The acid treatment comprises slowly dripping 98% sulfuric acid to fat and oil or fat, oil and solvent in water bath at 65-75 degrees C for 30-40 minutes; reacting at 65-75 degrees C for 30 minutes; setting aside and layering; removing impurities; collecting liquid in upper layer or reducing pressure and distilling and recycling residue of solvent. The catalyst preparation is carried out by dissolving alkali catalyst (1% the weight of seed kernel oil) in methanol and forming saturated solution. The step of esterification comprises warming acid-treated seed kernel oil and methanol at mole ratio of 6:1 to 60-65 degrees C, and slowly adding catalyst and reacting for 5-40 minutes. The step of filtration comprises cooling, setting aside and layering after esterification, and carrying out filtration at 40-60 degrees C for 40-80 minutes. The refinement comprises adding warm water of 20-30 degrees C after filtering, while adding 10% phosphoric acid (10 ml per 3000 ml water), removing redundant methanol and catalyst; and distilling to obtain refine biodiesel. The glycerin purification step comprises adding 50% sulfuric acid solution to glycerin phase mixture to neutralize, adjusting pH value to 5-6, centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 minute, obtaining 88% crude glycerin, reducing pressure and distilling to obtain 98% glycerin. The step of mechanical agitation is carried out at 65 degrees C for 40 minutes, and the step of microwave fat transformation is carried out at 60 degrees C for 5 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst can be sodium hydroxide or preferably potassium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The activated strain comprises (wt.%) K. marxianus (30-40, preferably 40), S. cerevisiae (40-60, preferably 50), and R. chinensis (10-20 , preferably 10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermentation step employs fermenting liquor comprising pectase, cellulose and acid protease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic adhesive is chosen from soluble glass, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred methods: The method further involves crushing the wood processing residues into particles having equivalent volume diameter of 30 mm or less, before charring and cooling the charcoal particles, after charring, and mixing the charcoal particles and adhesive, punching and forming machine charcoal. During the charring process, air is filled in an amount of 4 m3 or less (preferably 0.5-3.5 m3) with respect to 1 g of residues, into the charring furnace. Preferred Components: The adhesive is inorganic adhesive or organic adhesive. The organic adhesive is chosen from charcoal tar, polyvinyl alcohol, polythene and polyamide. Preferred Property: The weight ratio of carbon particles to adhesive is 75-95:5-25. Preferred Condition: The charring is carried out at 400-900 degrees C, preferably 500-900 degrees C for 0.5-4 hours, preferably 1-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of coal slime contained in the biomass molded coal is 65 wt.%, 70 wt.% or 75 wt.%. The content of straw carbonized powder contained in the biomass molded coal is 33 wt.%, 28 wt.% or 23 wt.%. The content of adhesive agent contained in the biomass molded coal is 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% or 0.75 wt.%. The content of water contained in the biomass molded coal is 1.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% or 1.25 wt.%. Preferred Process: The biomass molded coal is prepared by carbonizing straw in straw carbonization furnace to obtain straw coal, mixing 23-33% of the obtained straw carbonized powder with 65-75% of coal slime, 0.5-1% of adhesive with water, stirring the resulting mixture using a stirrer, and molding the stirred material in a molded coal forming machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The vegetable starch is flour or corn flour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion improver is sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of charcoal to ethanol is 7:3. Preferred Components: The preservative is sodium benzoate or calcium propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Generator: In the movable solar energy high temperature methane generator, the high strength PVC radiating pipe is in external connection with the solar energy heat collector; the hot water generated by the solar energy heat collector can radiate heat to the methane generator by the radiating pipe; so the temperature in the methane generator keeps at 54 degrees C; so the methane can be used in all the year round; there is rated fermentation material entering the methane generator from the feeding port in each day; when the methane in the methane generator displayed by the gas pressure meter is 1,500pa; so it can be pumped by the vacuum pump connected with the outer side; the reserves of the methane generator are provided with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor at the heights of 83.3% and 85.9%; when the height of the methane liquid is 85.9%, the first sensor will send out the signal; the slurry-pumping pump mounted at the bottom of the methane generator rotates so as to drain the methane dregs; as the drainage of the methane dregs, the height of the liquid surface in the methane generator reduces continuously; when it reduces to 83.3%, the second sensor sends out the signal; the slurry-pumping pump stops working; the quality and the volume in the liquid of the current methane generator are steady; so the methane generator can generate the gas steadily.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is methylbenzol, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, ethyl alcohol, cyclohexanone and/or 10C aromatic hydrocarbon solvent oil. The cosolvent is cyclohexanone, phosphoester, pyrrolidone and/or 4C alcohol. The antifreeze is ethylene alcohol, propylene glycol, propanetriol and/or carbamide. The defoamer is tributyl phosphate, octyl alcohol, polyoxypropene-oxyethene glycerylether and/or organosilicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thickener is gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium acetylide, carrageenan, arabic gum, xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethyl starch, amyl-phosphate sodium and/or hydroxypropyl cellulose ether. The aqueous emulsion comprises alkyl benzene sulfonic acid calcium, cinnamenyl phenol-polyoxyethylene propene ether, phenethyl phenol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether-methyl aldehyde condensation compound, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil-polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphoester and/or ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polyether phosphoester. The aqueous emulsion is prepared by dissolving indoxacarb until transparent solution is obtained, adding emulsifier, uniformly stirring to obtain oil phase, mixing water and antifreeze to obtain aqueous phase, slowly adding aqueous phase in oil phase under high speed to form milky liquid, adding thickener, and uniformly stirring. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material for immobilization is prepolymer or polymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrylate derivative or diacrylate derivative. Preferred Method: The processing tank is equipped with the entrapment immobilization carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen-producing substance is the metal hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen-producing substance comprising the metal that is selected from the group consists of aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and alloy having main constituent of one of the metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method of producing the silage, involves providing a chopped plant and/or plant part, contacting the chopped plant and/or plant part with L.plantarum lactic acid bacterium, and storing the mixture in an air-tight silo, where the plant or plant part is suitable for silage production. The method further involves mixing the silage with a biomass before, simultaneous with, or after the mixing process, where the biomass is chosen from plant and/or plant part, dung, manure, industrial waste or municipal waste, preferably from manure, industrial waste, or municipal waste. The contacting process includes contacting the silage with a Bacillus. Preferred Organisms: The L.plantarum lactic acid bacterium is L.plantarum CHCC6072 with the accession No. DSM16568 or its variant having similar characteristics. The L.plantarum lactic acid bacterium is L.plantarum CHCC6072 with the accession No. DSM16568. The Bacillus is chosen from B.licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium, B.coagulans, B.pumilus, B.cereus var. toyoi, or their combinations. Preferred Plants: The plant is chosen from grass, clover, maize, corn, alfalfa, rye, barley, oats, wheat, triticale, beans, sorghum, sun flower, radish, artichoke, peas, sugar beets, or their combinations, preferably maize. The plant part is chosen from stalk, leave, kernels, or their combinations. 1 g of the chopped plant and/or plant part is contacted with 10000-1000000 colony forming unit (CFU), preferably 20000-4000000 CFU, more preferably 30000-200000 or 40000-100000 CFU, most preferably 50000 CFU of the lactic acid bacteria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The discharged material is subjected to screening for the separation of carbon and/or fine portions for the isolation of biosilicate contained in the ash. The coarse particles of ash are recycled to the allothermal bed gasifier and/or fine portions of the ash are discharged as high quality biosilicate product. The further processing of biosynthetic gas comprises in-situ desulfurization, hot gas cleaning process, removal of halogens by adsorption, single- or multi-stage fine cleaning with multi-cyclone and sintered metal filter, washing of quench by non-aqueous washing liquid traces of condensable aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons and gas cooling for subsequent compressor stages. The DME is produced from the obtained biosynthetic gas. The formed reactive pyrolysis coke (based on the use of biogenic material) from the allothermal gasification is reacted with oxygen-/vapor mixture as gasification agent in a second stage gasification process. The molar fraction of carbon monoxide (CO)/hydrogen of pre-compressed biosynthetic gas is adjusted to optimal conditions under clean gas CO shift process for further synthesis. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The enzyme is selected from cellulase, hemicellulase, and lipase (preferably proteases, ligninases, laccases, and ureases).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The filter layer is quartz sand, the carbon bed is activated carbon particles with particle size of 5-8 mm, and the microorganism absorbing bed is activated carbon particles with upper particle size of 3-5 mm and lower particle size of 5-8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The tar content is reduced by filtration through active carbon. The gas pressure within the gasifier is adjustable. The active carbon is generated from the biomass during the gasification process. The active carbon is mechanically restructured, especially with a screw device. Active carbon is withdrawn from the gasifier and returned to the gasifier at another point. The withdrawn active carbon is additionally activated. The active carbon is restructured in the direction in which the synthesis gas emerges from the biomass. Active carbon from an external source is added during charging of the gasifier with biomass. The biomass is wetted with water and/or oil, e.g. rapeseed oil or wax. The wetting agent has a vaporization temperature above the temperature range within which tar is formed. The biomass is first separated into coarse and fine fractions, which are then introduced into the gasifier in layers of different thickness. Tar levels are further reduced by means of an electrostatic filter mounted within the gasifier. Preferred Apparatus: The gasifier has an outlet for withdrawing active carbon and an inlet for returing the active carbon at another point. EXAMPLE - Synthesis gas (9) is produced by gasifying biomass (6) in a countercurrent fixed bed gasifier (1) with a gas inlet (2), a gas outlet (3) and a biomass feed port (3'). Active carbon formed during the gasification process is continuously displaced from a lower zone to an upper zone by means of a vertical screw conveyor (10) so that it serves as a filter material for tar removal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reactant flow is carried out using piston by creating pressure difference across the surface of membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thermochemical cycle comprises a copper-chlorine thermochemical cycle process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps: (a) reacting electrolytic copper and dry hydrochloric acid to obtain hydrogen gas and molten cuprous chloride salt; (b) subjecting solid cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid in an aqueous solution to electrolysis to obtain copper and an aqueous slurry containing hydrochloric acid and copper(II) chloride; (c) drying the aqueous slurry obtained from step (b) to produce solid copper(II) chloride and water/hydrochloric acid vapor; (d) reacting the solid copper(II) chloride with steam to obtain solid copper oxychloride and gaseous hydrochloric acid; and (e) decomposing the solid copper oxychloride obtained in step (d) at 500 degrees C to obtain molten cuprous chloride and oxygen gas. The chemical heat pump upgrades low grade heat from an industrial source to a higher intermediate temperature, supplies heat to the endothermic step (d) of the hydrogen production cycle and a second chemical heat pump, which is a solid-gas heat pump, utilizes a high temperature salt to upgrade heat from the exothermic step (a) of the hydrogen production cycle, to a higher temperature needed by the endothermic oxygen step (e) of the hydrogen production cycle. Many chemical heat pumps that upgrade low grade heat from an industrial source are used to supply heat to the endothermic reactions of the copper-chlorine cycle. Preferred Components: The working fluid is diphenylmethane, diphenyl, isoquinoline or titanium tetrabromide. The first chemical heat pump comprises a salt/ammonia heat pump and the second chemical heat pump comprises a magnesium oxide/water vapor system. The low grade heat is waste heat from an industrial source, preferably nuclear power plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A chemical shift of the sulfonated amorphous carbons indicating carbons of a condensed aromatic 6-membered ring to which sulfonic groups are attached and are not attached respectively is detected in a spectrum of the 13C-NMR, and a diffraction peak signal corresponding to the carbons' plane whose half-value width (20) is 5-30 degrees is detected in a spectrum of powder X-ray diffraction of the sulfonated amorphous carbons. The method further comprises dispersing the sulfonated amorphous carbons in water as particles of 1-500 nm in size before forming of the fuel cell catalyst, and dissolving the sulfonated amorphous carbons in water before forming of the fuel cell catalyst. Preferred Component: The catalyst layer includes 0.1-20 wt.% sulfonated amorphous carbons before removal of the sulfonated amorphous carbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The synthetic resin raw material is processed with inorganic powder and the generally smooth surface of synthetic resin is made into rough surface as the inorganic particles are positioned on the surface of the resin product. Hence the microorganisms can be adhered easily to the resin surface and proliferation of the microorganisms is improved.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In (I), next to the first compound, at least a second compound at least partially coordinatively binds to the ions of the metal in bidentate fashion. The first organic compound is derived from formic acid and the second organic compound is derived from acetic acid. In (I), only one or two organic compounds and no other organic compounds construct the structure. In (I), only lithium ion and no other ions of a metal construct the structure. The solvent contains N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. EXAMPLE - In an autoclave beaker, lithium nitrate (5.3 g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (140 g) to obtain formic acid (5.3 g) and the solution was stirred for 10 minutes, and crystallized at 125 degrees C for 78 hours under static conditions. After cooling, the obtained crystals were filtered and the filter cake was washed thrice with dimethylformamide (50 ml) to obtain lithium formate metal-organic structural material (3.2 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ionic liquid contains formate anion as counter anion, and is imidazolium salt-type ionic liquid of formula (1) or phosphonium salt-type ionic liquid of formula: R4-P+(-R1)(-R3)-R2 Z- (2).R1-R4=alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted by fluoro);X1-X3=R1, H or fluoro;Y'=counter anion with respect to imidazolium ion;andZ=counter anion with respect to phosphonium cation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode is platinum, carbon or nickel electrode. The photocatalyst excited by UV is titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2). The photocatalyst excited by visible light is strontium bismuth oxide (SrBi2O4) or indium vanadate (InVO4), or mixture of InVO4, magnesium bismuth oxide (MgBi2O4), calcium bismuth oxide (CaBi2O4), SrBi2O4, barium bismuth oxide (BaBi2O4) and bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The substituted furan-2-one antifouling compound (I) is a compound of formula (1)-(6). ACTIVITY - Antifouling; Arthropodicide. Larvae were incubated with 1x 104 M 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine for 0.5 hour, and rinsed with freshly filtered nature seawater (FSW). About 10 mu L sample solution of different concentrations were transferred into a well in 24-well polystyrene plate after the addition of 1 mL FSW. The 24-well plates were incubated at 28 degrees C for 24 hours. Results showed that the compound (1) has an EC50 of 12, LC50 of greater than 100, and a ratio of LC50 and EC50 of greater than 8.3. Significant inhibition activity against larvae settlement of substituted furan-2-one antifouling compound of formula (1) was observed at a concentration of 10 mu g/mL against Balanus amphitrite and Hydroides elegans.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The step (a) is centrifugation of an algae hydrated biomass. The step (a) contains injecting dry steam or wet steam in a dried and/or freeze-dried algae biomass. The heating temperature of step (b) is 25-150 degrees C. The pressure in step (c) is 1-50 bars. The step (d) is carried out at a pressure of 0.01-1000 mbar. The process further comprises, before the heating step, adding a salt solution to the algae sample before or after pretreatment. The steps (b), (c) and (d) are repeated successively several times before step (e). The gaseous product recovery in step (e) is carried out by cold condensation. The recovery of liquid products and solid products in step (e) are carried out by separating liquid and solid phases by centrifugation and/or filtration. The process comprises one or more steps of processing products recovered in step (e). Preferred Components: The algae sample is microalgae or diatom algae. ACTIVITY - Antialgal; Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A sample of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (500 g) species was centrifuged to obtain a biomass with 20% of dry material. The sample of Chlorella vulgaris was placed in a reactor and stirred at 80-100 degrees C. The resulting product was pressurized at 3.2 bar and then depressurized the product at 10 mbar by a cold trap condensation. The mixture inside the reactor was presented as a liquid paste color. The liquid phase was filtered. The filtrate and filter cake were recovered. The gas phase was recovered. The recovered liquid portion (filtrate) (a mixture of oil in water) was centrifuged to separate water from fat, and dried under vacuum, to give algae extract (68%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The complex microbial SejungBio-FA100 composition comprises (in weight%) complex microbial SejungBio-FA100 culture (0.5-20), bran (20-50), fermentation products of food waste (20-50), rice hull charcoal coarse powder (10-30) and humus soil (5-10). Preferred Method: The waste water/sewage treatment and nitrogen treatment is performed in an aeration tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The pyrolysis process is carried out at not higher than 300-450 degrees C under nitrogen environment and microwave power of 400-750 KW.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The herbs are powdered to the size in which the powdering degree passed a sieve mesh below the diameter of a pellet. The woody plants are powdered to the size in which the powdering degree passed a sieve mesh of 1/2 of a pellet diameter. The compaction temperature of the herbs or woody plants is 50-120 degrees C. The compaction temperature of the herbs is preferably 70 plus minus 15 degrees C and the compaction temperature of the woody plants is preferably 100 plus minus 15 degrees C range. The pelleting machine molds the material using dice having L/D in the range of 3-7 (hole depth L versus the diameter D). The diameter of the pellet is 4-25 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-containing oxidant comprises water, or hydrogen peroxide (21).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The eutectic alloy comprises (wt.%) gallium (68.5), indium (21.5), and tin (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst support: is silica (preferably high purity silica), alumina, silica-alumina, calcium silicate, carbon (graphite, preferably high surface area graphitized carbon), zirconia or titania; and contains a combination of platinum and tin at a weight ratio of 0.1-2. The third metal is cobalt, ruthenium or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the loading of platinum and tin is 0.5 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 1 wt.% (preferred), 0.5 wt.% and 2.5 wt.%, or 1 wt.% and 5 wt.%, respectively. The selectivity to ethanol based on the acetic acid consumed is at least 60%, preferably at least 95%. The hydrogenation to ethanol is carried out in the vapor phase at 200-300 degrees C, preferably 225-275 degrees C, and at a pressure of 1-30, preferably 10-25 atmosphere absolute. Preferred Components: The feed stream comprises an inert carrier gas. The reactants consist of acetic acid and hydrogen with a molar ratio of 100:1-1:100, preferably 1:20-1:2 or 1:20-1:5. EXAMPLE - A feed liquid comprising acetic acid was evaporated and charged to the reactor along with hydrogen and helium as a carrier gas with an average combined gas hourly space velocity of 2500/hour at 250 degrees C and at a pressure of 22 bar in the presence of hydrogenating catalyst comprising platinum and tin having 1 wt.% each. The resulting feed stream contained acetic acid of 4.4-13.8 mole% and hydrogen of 14-77 mole%. A portion of the vapor effluent was passed through a gas chromatography for analysis of the contents of the effluents. The selectivity to ethanol was 93.4% at a conversion of acetic acid of 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Product: In the product, the microorganism is capable of direct fermentation of five carbon and six carbon sugars. The microorganism is a bacterium. The microorganism is a species of Clostridium. The microorganism is Clostridium phytofermentans. The microorganism is non-recombinant or recombinant. The microorganism comprises one or more heterologous polynucleotides that enhance the activity of one or more cellulases. Alternatively, the product for producing a biofuel comprises: a carbonaceous biomass, a microorganism that is capable of direct hydrolysis and fermentation of the biomass, where the microorganism is modified to provide enhanced activity of one or more cellulases. The microorganism is capable of producing fermentive end products, a substantial portion of which is ethanol. The microorganism is capable of producing fermentive end products that comprise lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid. The microorganism is capable of uptake of one or more complex carbohydrates. The biomass comprises a higher concentration of oligomeric carbohydrates relative to monomeric carbohydrates. The one or more cellulases is selected from is selected from the group consisting of Cphy3367, Cphy3368, Cphy02l8, Cphy3207, Cphy2058, and Cphyl163. The one or more cellulases is Cphy3367. Preferred Method: In producing biofuel, the cellulase enzymes is selected from is selected from the group consisting of Cphy3367, Cphy3368, Cphy02l8, Cphy3207, Cphy2058, and Cphyl163. The microorganism is capable of uptake of one or more complex carbohydrates. The biomass comprises a higher concentration of oligomeric carbohydrates relative to monomeric carbohydrates. The hydrolysis results in a greater concentration of cellobiose and/or larger oligomers, relative to monomeric carbohydrates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum alloy material contains (in mass%) tin (0.05-0.5), bismuth (0.05-1.4), indium (0.05-0.5), zinc (0.05-5), iron (0.16-0.5) and remainder of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The apparatus is further provided with a unit in which aeration of absorption liquid to-be-supplied to bio-reaction unit is performed. Preferred Condition: The aeration process of absorption liquid is carried out at the same time of performing oxidative degradation of hydrogen sulfide in the absorption liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zirconia is a powder consisting of zirconia stabilized with oxide of scandium, yttrium, or ytterbium. The fuel electrode and fuel electrode substrate consist of zirconia powder and nickel oxide powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The sulfur oxidizing bacteria is supported on surface of a filler (F).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The apparatus is further equipped with a micro-bubble generator (M2) which carries out aeration to the liquid catalyst to circulate by micro-bubble.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid catalysts are digested sludge liquid and water, and reactor(s) utilizes water as liquid catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The components of the multiple microorganisms according to weight percent is 40-60% of Halomonas, 20-35% of Marinobacter, 5-10% of Bacillus and 5-15% of Candida. The microorganisms also include Citricoccis zhacaiensis with the content of 5-10%. The Halomonas in the multiple microorganisms is selected from Halomonas alimentaria, Halomonas caseinilytica, Halomonas alkaliphila, Halomonas saccharevitans, Halomonas arcis and Halomonas subterranea; the Marinobacter in the multiple microorganisms is selected from Marinobacter zhejiangensis, Marinobacter pelagius, Marinobacter senicrescens and Marinobacter mobilis; the Bacillus in the multiple microorganisms is selected from Bacillus algicola, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus flexus; and the Candida in the multiple microorganisms is selected from Candida rugosa and Candida thaimueangensis. Preferred Method: Treating pickled tuber mustard wastewater comprises: (a) initialization phase: adding the fermented multiple microorganisms culture fluid of halophilic(haloduric) bacteria with inoculum concentration of 5-10%(v/v) into the pickled tuber mustard wastewater with pH value adjusted by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 6-7, applying saturable Bragg reflector (SBR) device to carry out smothering and sunning cultivation until the granular mud is appeared; and (b) run phase: controlling the settling ratio of the mud in the SBR device 10-15%, the residual muddy water counts 15-25% of the total useful volume; in the run duration, controlling the dissolved oxygen is 2-4 mg/L, and pH is 6-8. Except for the pickled tuber mustard wastewater in mud, cultivation phase needs NaOH to adjust pH to 6-7; and pH of inlet water in the follow-up treating process does not need to be adjusted by NaOH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) stacking and fermenting materials (counted based on 10 square meters), (b) preparing padding by crushing and uniformly mixing saw dust, stalks and rice hull, (c) performing first fermentation by uniformly mixing (in kg) rice bran (25) with strains of deep-litter system (1), (d) performing secondary fermentation by filling first fermented material (26) with 1 square meter of padding and uniformly mixing the materials, and (e) performing third fermentation by uniformly mixing and blending the secondary fermented material with the remainder rich hull and saw dust, spraying the material with the mixture of strains of deep-litter system (1) and water (50-100) while blending, maintaining the water content of the padding at 40-50%, uniformly pressing and laying the material in the animal house, tightly covering with plastic film, maintaining the temperature at 18-35 degrees C, and fermenting for 5-7 days in spring and summer and for 10-15 days in autumn and winter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biomass is co-processed with the fresh feeds of hydrocarbons in conventional delayed coking units using the same infrastructure and conditions already existing in oil refineries, with adjustments as necessary. The certain amount of biomass is added either: directly to the fresh feed of the delayed coking unit; or directly to the coke drum, during the reaction or quenching stage; or to the bottom product from the fractionating tower; or directly to the effluent from the furnace; or directly to the effluent from the coke drum. Optionally the fresh feed is fed to a charging tank or similar apparatus located before the furnace inlet. Preferred Components: The biomass is sugar cane straw, sugar cane bagasse, castor seed cake, coconut shells, rice husks, raw soya, castor seed, canola, oil palm and cottonseed oils, oils and fats of animal origin, which can be used separately, or as mixtures of that in any proportions. The percentage by volume of the certain amount of the biomass relative to the fresh feed is 0.01-80%, preferably 0.5-30%. EXAMPLE - Refined soya oil was processed in a delayed coking unit at the pilot-plant scale, maintaining the furnace temperature at 500 degrees C and the pressure at the top of the coke drum at 2 kgf/cm2g to give diesel oil (65 %) and heavy gas oil (6 %).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fuel: The fuel (F1) contains the mixed alcohols of at least 5 (preferably 5-50) vol.% and the octane number of the gasoline fuel is greater than 90. The fuel (F1) further comprises at least three alcohols taken from the group (a)-(h). The fuel (F1) comprises mixture of alcohols taken from the groups (a)-(h). The fuels (F2)-(F6) and the hydrocarbon blendstock comprise mixture of alcohols taken from the groups (a)-(e). The fuels (F2)-(F6) further comprise at least three alcohols taken from the groups (a)-(e). The diesel fuel (F3) contains the mixed alcohols of 2-30 vol.%. The diesel comprises synthetic diesel or biodiesel. Preferred Components: The alcohols in fuel (F1) further comprises (vol.%): nananol (0.01-6) and decanol (0.01-5). The alcohols in fuel (F2)-(F6) and hydrocarbon blendstock further comprise (vol.%): (f) (0.01-15), (g) (0.01-13) and (h) (0.01-10), and further comprise (vol.%): nananol (0.01-6) and decanol (0.01-5). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The region other than intermediate layer in the base material contains short circuit prevention material. The electronic conductor is a water-retention material. The hydrogen oxidizing catalyst and proton reduction catalyst is chosen from palladium, platinum, iridium, copper, silver, gold, rhodium, ruthenium, tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, hafnium, tantalum, niobium, cerium and/or their alloy supported by electroconductive support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Autotrophic microorganisms are anammox microbes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio of concentration of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is computed by the following relation: ((total nitrogen concentration measured value-ammonia nitrogen concentration measured value-( alpha ))/ammonia nitrogen concentration measured value) or ((total nitrogen concentration measured value-ammonia nitrogen concentration measured value-nitrate nitrogen concentration measured value-( beta ))/ammonia nitrogen concentration measured value), where ( alpha ) is the sum of amount of organic nitrogen predetermined by the property of organic natural water and amount of nitrate nitrogen and ( beta ) is organic-nitrogen concentration predetermined by the property of organic natural water. The target value of the ratio of concentration of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is the ratio of nitrite nitrogen concentration and ammonia nitrogen concentration which is 0.57:0.43.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pyro gas comprises hydrocarbons. The synthesis gas comprises a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The sex pheromone substance further comprises (Z)-5-decenyl acetate. ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant. In a test for measuring the number of male imago lured to death, the trap containing (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate increased male imago death to 0.92 plus minus 0.61 after 17 days.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: pretreatment process includes adding reductive agent into pickling wastewater to transform deleterious iron ion (Fe3+) into Fe2+ which cannot precipitated when neutralized; and fine filtering to fine pickling wastewater. The pretreatment of alkali washing wastewater involves adding oxidizer (0.1-10 pts. wt.) into each 100 pts. wt. of alkali washing wastewater; putting for 0.5-12 hours to remove iron; taking out 1-5 pts. wt. as modulating liquid, and adding modulating liquid into kettle and heating; adding 0.05-0.5 pts. wt. of emulsifying agent to dissolve completely as A solution; adding precipitator into 99-95 pts. wt. of A solution to precipitate impurities such as phosphorus and silicon as B solution; mixing A solution and B solution by stirring at high speed; and separating by filter press to obtain pretreated fine alkali washing wastewater and filter residue with oil, where oil can be separated with filter residue as fuel. The mixing and neutralizing process involves mixing pretreated pickling and alkali washing waste liquid; and adding soluble alkaline matter to neutralize to pH 6-9. The separation process involves using plate and frame filter press to separate neutralized solution to obtain filter cake.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The microalgae are protein nuclei chlorella, Spirulina, triangle brown alga, and/or violet ball microalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: A catalyst used in the pyrolyzing reaction comprises potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline clean fuel contains (in vol.%) gasoline (68-94, preferably 30-68, more preferably 0-30), methanol (30-5, preferably 65-30, more preferably 99-66), ethanol (1.5-0.8, preferably 3.5-1.5, more preferably 0.5-3) and additive (0.5-0.2, preferably 1.5-0.5, more preferably 0.5-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The compound comprises 25-65 (preferably 40) wt.% prochloraz and isoprothiolane, and an auxiliary material. The auxiliary material is kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, attapulgite soil, soap stone powder, light calcium carbonate, active carbon, white carbon black, chemical fertilizer, water, alcohol, ketone, aromatic, non-aromatic solvent, ester, nitrile, amide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or plant oil. The auxiliary material also comprises a surfactant including alkyl sulfate, alkane sulfonate, alkylaryl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl arylene, castor oil and its polyoxyethylene product, condensation product of castor oil and formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sugar alcohol derivative, dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, or lignosulfonate. The auxiliary material comprises adjuvant as a dispersant, and a binder. The adjuvant is gelatin, sugar, lignin derivative, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate, bentonite, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, alumina magnesium metasilicate, or xanthan gum. Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of prochloraz to isoprothiolane is 10:30. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The refrigerant single recycle system comprises a first stage of compressing equipment, a second stage of compressing equipment, a liquid-vapor separator and a throttle device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The refrigerant closed loop involves introducing the refrigerant into the first stage of compressing, cooling, then into second stage of compressing, cooling, introducing into liquid-vapor separator, introducing the gaseous phase medium and liquid medium from the separator into the ice chest, flowing and cooling the two phases of gas and liquid fluid from upper to lower in the ice chest and turning to liquid when sending out from the ice chest, throttle decompression and cooling to the throttle valve, returning to the ice chest to be flashed, providing cool energy to gas to be liquefied and introducing refrigerant into refrigerate, and then sending back to the compressed cycle inlet when turning into normal temperature gas back. The gas to be liquefied is introduced into the refrigerate to be pre-cooled, and enters to the heavy hydrocarbon separator to eliminate the heavy hydrocarbon in the gas. The gas separated heavy hydrocarbon is then introduced into the refrigerate to be deeply cooled. Super cooled liquid is obtained and sent out from the refrigerate. The process includes storing liquefied gas sent out from the refrigerate after throttle decompression. Preferred Composition: The mixture refrigerant comprises (mol%) nitrogen (7), methane (30), ethylene (8), and propane (88). Preferred Component: The gas to be liquefied is natural gas or coal bed gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty alcohol is 3-5C normal or isomerized medium-carbon alcohol, preferably isobutanol, n-amyl alcohol and/or isopropanol. The petroleum calcium sulfonate is medium-base number petroleum calcium sulfonate, high-base number petroleum calcium sulfonate and/or low-base number petroleum calcium sulfonate. The sulfonate is petroleum sodium sulfonate, petroleum barium sulfonate and/or synthetic barium sulfonate. The synthetic calcium sulfonate is high-base number synthetic calcium sulfonate, medium-base number synthetic calcium sulfonate and/or low-base number synthetic calcium sulfonate. The calcium alkyl phenolate is high-base number sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate, medium-base number sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate and/or low-base number sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate. Preferred Process: The fatty alcohol is added to a reactor. Then, petroleum calcium sulfonate, sulfonate, synthetic calcium sulfonate and calcium alkyl phenolate are added and agitated evenly until being dissolved as transparent liquid, to obtain rubber anti-swelling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The residues include bio-catalyst (0.8%), lignin (0.2%), and sodium hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide (3-4%). Preferred Process: The waste sulfuric acid is purified by active carbon. The sulfuric acid is recovered by diffusion dialyzer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: A layer of metal net is placed on the adsorbent once a layer of carbon natural-gas adsorbent is paved in the tank component. The metal tubes are uniformly distributed on the metal net.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition of heat-accumulating substance is (in mass%) nitrocalcite (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) (20-40), disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate (Na2HPO4.7H2O) (18-25), sodium acetate tetrahydrate (CH3COONa.4H2O) (8-16), sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3.5H2O) (7-12), sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O) (5-17), sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4.10H2O) (3.5-13), potassium phosphate heptahydrate (K3PO4.7H2O) (0.5-4), borax (0.3-1.8), and urea (0.1-0.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecular material is polyethylene terephthalate film.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material is saw powder. The biological growth promoting agent contains microorganism, nutritive materials and trace element. The biological composition contains high temperature resistant Actinomyces and bacteria. Preferred Ratio: In the first step, the mass ratio of food waste to water is 2:1. The mass ratio of food waste to saw powder is 3-5:1. The mass ratio of biological composition to food waste is 0.5-1:100. The mass ratio of biological growth promoting agent to food waste is 0.5-1:100. Preferred Method: The washing and desalting steps take 8-15 minutes. The centrifugal dehydration is carried out for 5-7 minutes, with centrifuge rotation speed at 3800-4200 rpm. The reaction in third step is carried out at 50-55 degrees C for 80-110 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The power fuel is diesel fuel or gasoline. EXAMPLE - Power fuel (99.2 vol.%) (100 l) was mixed with isopropyl alcohol (0.79 vol.%) (0.8 l) to give the synthetic power fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is present at 10-90 (preferably 30-50) wt.%. The absorbent solution further comprises: an organic activator (less than 20 wt.% but not 0); a physical solvent; and an organic or inorganic acid. The organic activator consists of an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amine functions. The activator is monoethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, diglycolamine, piperazine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, N-ethylpiperazine, N-propylpiperazine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,1,9,9-tetramethyldipropylenetriamine, morpholine, piperidine, 3-(methylamino)propylamine or N-methylbenzylamine. Preferred Process: The process comprises absorption of acidic compounds to obtain the gaseous effluent depleted in acidic compounds and the absorbent solution charged with two-phase acidic compounds, at least one separation of liquid-liquid absorbent solution charged with acidic compounds, and at least one fractional regeneration of absorbent solution charged with acidic compounds. The absorption step is carried out at 1-120 bar and 30-90 degrees C. The regeneration step is carried out at 1-10 bar and 100-180 degrees C. The process further comprises: a primary step of relaxing the absorbent solution charged with acidic compounds, before the regeneration step; and a secondary step of relaxing the absorbent solution charged with acidic compounds, after the primary step of relaxing and before the regeneration step, where the absorbent solution is heated before undergoing the secondary step of relaxing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is other hemicellulase enzymes that breakdown oligomers of xylose. The lignocellulosic biomass includes the solids and liquids or just the solids resulting from pretreatment of cellulosic biomass comprising corn stover, switchgrass, birch wood, poplar wood, Miscanthus wood, aspen wood and many other types of agricultural and forestry residues, municipal solid waste, grasses, and woody plants. Preferred Method: The method for digesting a lignocellulosic biomass, comprises treating the lignocellulosic biomass with one or more enzymes that remove xylooligomers and higher chain length oligomers of glucose and processing the enzyme treated lignocellulosic biomass with a cellulase and/or xylanase. The method further comprises subjecting the lignocellulosic biomass to a pretreatment process, where the pretreatment process is ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycle (ARP), adding dilute sulfuric acid, adding lime, processing under neutral pH conditions, or treatment with sulfur dioxide. The enzymes that remove oligomers of xylose are: contacted with the lignocellulosic biomass prior to contact with a cellulase; and contacted with the lignocellulosic biomass prior to treatment with the pretreatment process. Preferred Components: The reactor system further comprises an acetyl neutralizing or removal system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: An organic solid waste equal to 10-30% of the weight of liquid sludge is mixed during mixing operation. The organic waste is ground with size lower than 6 mm, preferably 3 mm, during the grinding operation. The liquid sludge is heat exchanged during anaerobic process to favor the production of biogas, where heat is taken from cooling system of engine or turbine of electricity-generating set. The dehydrated sludge is dried by contacting with hot air flow to obtain dried sludge with dry product concentration of 90%, where hot gases from turbine of turbogenerator are mixed with hot air flow that comes in contact with sludge to favor sludge drying process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic wastewater contains monoethanolamine and/or tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flow path of fuel cell module is flown with oxygen gas, nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, oxygen-containing gas, nitrogen-containing gas and hydrogen-containing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrotreating catalyst is nickel/molybdenum catalyst and the isomerization catalyst is TON or MTW zeolite. EXAMPLE - A portion of raw fish oil was vigorously washed with water at neutral pH. The mixture was centrifuged and the water phase discarded. The resulting oil phase was free of water soluble phosphorus compounds. In the experiments three different feed compositions were used including mineral oil feed with no addition of fish oil, 5:95 wt.% mixture of washed fish oil and mineral oil, and 10:90 wt.% mixture of washed fish oil and mineral oil. The catalyst used was Axens HR-448 (RTM: nickel/molybdenum). The feeds were treated at 300-350 degrees C and 48 barg, hydrogen to oil ratio of 200 normal liter hydrogen at 0 degrees C and 1 atm pressure per liter feedstock and liquid hourly space velocity of 1.66/hour in the presence of the catalyst. The results showed that the use of marine oil in the feed increased the amount of propane produced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Separation of positively charged hydrogen and carbon ions from negatively charged oxygen ions is achieved by the migration of negatively charged oxygen ions to the positive electrode and migration of positively charged hydrogen and carbon ions to the negative electrode. Preferred Condition: The steps (B), (C) and (D) are conducted in a chamber at 5.1-1000, preferably 140 atm and 0-500, preferably 100-400 degrees C. 12-380, preferably 24 V and 1-10 amp are applied across the positive and negative electrodes. Preferred Component: The carbon dioxide and water are mixed at a volumetric ratio of 1:1 to 1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic molecules are 1-4C alcohols, optionally in the presence of an inorganic or organic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composite membrane having membrane microporous membrane is supported by mesoporous support. The mesoporous support is gamma -alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, and/or hybrid silica. Preferred Properties: The membrane has average pore diameter of 0.1-0.6 nm. The permeance through pores of larger than 0.8 nm is less than 10% of total permeance through membrane. The membrane shows stable separation performance in dehydration of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and their isomers at more than 100 degrees C. The membrane has thickness of the microporous layer of 20 nm-2 mu m. Preferred Condition: The mesoporous support is supported by macroporous carrier. EXAMPLE - Precursor bis-triethoxysilylmethane was dissolved in ethanol and cooled at 0 degrees C. To this solution HNO3 (65 wt.%) diluted with water was added dropwise, while stirring. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, after which reaction was stopped by cooling in an ice bath. The sol was coated on tubular alumina substrates using methods described by Campaniello (2004). The resulting coated tubes were heat-treated in nitrogen (N2) atmosphere at 300 degrees C for 2 hours, using 0.5 degrees /minute heating and cooling rates. The hybrid silica layers thus produced exhibited average pore diameters from 0.45-0.55 nm, determined by permporometry. Pores above 1 nm were essentially absent. The average Kelvin pore size obtained from permporometry was similar to a hybrid silica membrane based on methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)/1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) prepared according to Sah (Membrane B). The permeance at Kelvin pore sizes of larger than 1 nm was significantly lower than found for membranes, thus pore size distribution of membrane was narrower and defect density was lower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst used for the multilayer membrane electrode manufacturing is cathode catalyst, which is selected from platinum-rubidium or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used for the multilayer membrane electrode manufacturing is selected from water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol or glycerol propanetriol. The rich hollow carbon powder used for the multilayer membrane electrode manufacturing is acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic agent used for the multilayer membrane electrode manufacturing is polytetrafluoroethylene. The proton exchange membrane used for the multilayer membrane electrode manufacturing is Nafion (RTM: perfluorinated sulfonate resin film) membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The water content of the product obtained from an aerobic fermentation after 20-30 days is not less than 40%, and the reduction amount reaches 70%. The stack fermentation is performed by fermentation mode that combines two fermentation cases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion catalyst includes metal salts of organic acid or inorganic salt. The metal salt comprises formate, acetate, fatty acid salt, naphthenates, carbonate, nitrate of lithium, zinc, magnesium, beryllium, barium and nickel. The inorganic amine is ammonium carbonate or ammonium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extracting agent includes organic halides, preferably dichlorides and dibromides of methane and hexane. The organic halides are methylene dichloride, dibromomethane, dichloroethane or dibromoethane. The organic amine is methylaniline, formamide, nitroaniline or hexamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is (pts.wt.) ammonium nitrate (150-300), iron oxide (150-300), magnesium oxide (150-300), sludge (200-300) and/or lime (200-300).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biocatalyst (3-30 wt.% of raw material) is lipase from animals, plants microorganism and/or material containing lipase. The raw material containing oil are plants, animals, microorganisms, algae and/or industrial wastes or residues containing oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propylacetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-amyl acetate and/or isoamyl acetate. The solvent is added at 3-30 ml/g of raw materials. Preferred Method: The preparation is done at 15-65 degrees C for 4-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-solvent is acetone or methyl isobutanol. The anti-carbon depositing agent is triethanolamine. The flavoring agent is rose essence. Preferred Contents: The mass percent of water is 10-35 wt.%. The liquid fuel comprises (wt.%) acetone or methyl isobutanol (0.6-2), water (10-35), triethanolamine (1.2), rose essence (2.5), additive (3.5-2.5) and methanol or ethanol (balance). Preferred Method: The method further comprises stirring for 2 times, 2-3 minutes for each time.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The partially saponified ammonium soap is incomplete saponified product amine fatty acid prepared by partial saponification of oil and grease, waste grease or organic acid with organic amine or inorganic amine. The organic acid is petroleum acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, abietic acid and/or fatty acid. The organic amine comprises ethanol amine, ethylene diamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine and pyrithiamine. The inorganic amine comprises ammonium hydroxide. The fatty alcohol comprises 3-5C isomer alcohol, preferably isopropanol, isobutanol and/or isopentanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol fuel modifier further comprises organic peroxide, ethanolamine, ammonia water, vegetable oil, higher aliphatic alcohol, carboxyl fatty acid and diester phthalate at ratio of 1:0.5:1.1:1:2:1.5-2:1. The methanol fuel reinforcer comprises (wt.%) low carbon alcohols (33.5-70), methanol fuel modifier (2-7.5), hydroxy ester (3-6), ammonia water (3-7), aliphatic alcohol (5-8), carboxyl fatty acid (4-6), methanol fuel reinforcer (1-10), fatty alcohol (5-12), carboxyl fatty acid (5-8) and hydroxy ester (1-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of charcoal powder is 50-80 weight%, preferably 70 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of adhesive is 20-40 weight%, preferably 40 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The anaerobic culturing comprises early and later two periods. The culture fluid in the 34-day early period requires seawater with salinity of 31 g/kg; the COD of 288-560 mg/L; the total dissolved organic carbon content of 205.1-448.9 mg/L; the pH value of 6.88-7.09; the dissolved oxygen content of 6.4-6.8 mg/L; the ammonia content of 29.4-51.3 mg/L; the nitrogen content of nitrate of 18.7-34.1 mg/L; and the phosphorus content of phosphate of 9.8-17.1 mg/L. The culture fluid in the later period requires seawater with the salinity of 31 g/kg; the COD of 556-608 mg/L; the total dissolved organic carbon content of 443.1-485.8 mg/L; the pH value is 6.76-7.29; the dissolved oxygen content of 6.4-6.5 mg/L; the ammonia content of 47-50.6 mg/L; the nitrogen content of nitrate of 28.5-34.5 mg/L; and the phosphorus content of phosphate of 15.7-18 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparing of biodiesel mixing ester exchange reagent and animal-plant grease in presence of catalyst at 50-250 degrees C for 6-10 hours, where mass ratio of ester exchange reagent to animal-plant grease is 1:1-20:1, and amount of catalyst is 3-15% of animal-plant grease, and pressure in reactor is 0.1-310 MPa. Preferred Components: The ester exchange reagent is methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, dimethyloxalate, diethyl oxalate, dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, dimethyl succinate, and/or diethyl succinate. The animal-plant grease is palm oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil and/or rap oil. The catalyst is solid alkali catalyst, supported solid alkali catalyst and/or organic alkali.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micro-algal organism photosynthetic reaction chamber further comprises ventilation device which circulates air in micro-algal organism photosynthetic reaction chamber and reduces density of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas in bodywork, and danger alarm system which detects density of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or other dangerous gas in macro-algal organism photosynthetic reaction chamber and gives out alarm when carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or other dangerous gas is out of limit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In (I), 40 vol.% of the blend volatilizes at 38 degrees C(100 degrees F) to 105 degrees C(220 degrees F), 50 vol.% of the blend volatilizes at 105 degrees C(220 degrees F) to 121 degrees C(250 degrees F), and 10 vol.% of the blend volatilizes at 121 degrees C(250 degrees F) to 149 degrees C(300 degrees F). (I) has an octane number of 95 or more, preferably 100 or more. (I) comprises toluene (5-10, (preferably 10) vol.%), p-xylene (15-29 (preferably 15) vol.%), branched paraffins (54 vol.%), butane (5 vol.%), ethanol (10 vol.%), and alkanol (10 vol.%). Preferred Method: The method further comprises: producing the maximum torque output value of greater than 361, preferably 366 or more; and producing the maximum power output value of 366 standard horsepower or more. Preferred Components: The one or more oxygenate is ethanol. The mono- and di-alkylated benzenes comprise a first amount of toluene and a greater amount of p-xylene. The linear paraffins having 3-5C is butane, EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises mixing the coal dust or carbon granules with waste products of biomass gasification (residual carbon and long-chain hydrocarbons), which serve as binders and/or energy carriers and mixing with solid, finely chopped biomass. In the process, wood or other product from agriculture and forestry: is mixed with the waste products or waste products from renewable resources; and is considered as cheaper material than a mixture of renewable resources and is used optionally in combination with power generation device of the actual preferential treatment. In the process, mass of the carbon compounds to be pressed are mixed with additives to improve the combustion or reduce exhaust pollution. For the production of the pellet, waste heat and/or generated electrical energy from power plants of any kind or (waste) incinerating plant, is used. Preferred Components: The waste products are from: territorial area e.g. sewage sludge, rural conservation section, carbon compounds from the landfill, sorted bio-waste or residue from compost plants; biogreen section e.g. street care; agriculture and forestry e.g. chaff, straw, animal flour, tree tops or root grubbings; sludge, which is from anaerobic fermentation process or industrial sludge; or waste, which is from paper industry as an energy source. The binders or a combination of energy sources are fluent binder from sewage sludge, animal fats, and pre-treated slaughterhouse waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Elements: The surface of cathode contains gold or platinum, preferably platinum. The surface of anode contains gold, platinum or carbon as main component, preferably glassy carbon. The electrolyte is ionic liquid containing bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide, preferably N-N-N-trimethyl-N-propyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide or tetrafluoroborate, preferably N-N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tetrafluoroborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further comprises a hydrocarbon organic solvent and/or a compatibilizing agent or co-solvent. The additive comprises: at least one antioxidant agent comprising a molecule containing at least one phenol group including 2,6-di-t-butyl 4-methyl phenol, preferably a combination comprising at least one antioxidant of phenol type and an antioxidant derivative of an amine or a polyamine optionally substituted as dicyclohexyl amine; at least one metal passivator comprising amine groups substituted by triazole groups (benzotriazoles, and toluyltriazoles) including N,N-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-brenzotriazole-1-methylamine or by N,N'-disalicylidene, including N,N'-disalicylidene 1,2-diaminopropane; at least one anti-corrosion agent comprising fatty acid derivatives including esters of fatty acid dimer, preferably ethyl esters of linoleic acid and/or stearic acid dimers, and acid derivatives of alkyl succinic anhydrides, and optionally; at least one perfuming, odor masking and/or reodorant comprising organic tricyclic compounds described in EP1591514, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes including vanillin, aliphatic or aromatic esters including benzyl acetate, hydroxides including linalool, and phenylethyl alcohol, ketones including camphor crystals, and ethyl maltol, and/or essential oils including essential oils derived from citrus, preferably a mixture of at least one organic tricyclic compound and at least one aldehyde, ester, hydroxide, ketone and essential oil. The additive comprises anti-oxidant (10-50 mass%); metal passivator (5-20 mass%); anti-corrosion agent (1-10 mass%); perfuming agent, odor masking agent and/or reodorant (5-20 mass%); hydrocarbon organic solvent (20-60 mass%); combustion improver (0-40 mass%); compatibilizing agent or co- solvent (0-30 mass%). The composition comprises 250-1000 ppm of additives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of sulfur calcium type inorganic agent in permeation wall is 10-90 mass%. Preferred Process: The method further involves supplying water, aqueous solution or gas in pipe where edge part is opened, and deaerating nitrogen gas emitted from underground water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel fuel further contains viscosity modifier. Preferred Process: The viscosity of the methyl ester of fatty acid obtained after fractionation is adjusted (S4) by adding viscosity modifier. Preferred Condition: The esterification is carried out at 100 degrees C or more under pressure in microwave.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copolymerizable compound comprises a binding moiety capable of reacting with the biomass or activated biomass to be incorporated in the structure of the hydrothermal hybrid material, where the binding moiety is an amino group, a carbonyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carbon-carbon double bond. The copolymerizable compound further comprises at least one functional moiety including carboxyl, anhydride, phosphonate, sulfonic acid, sulfonate, imide, cyano, hydroxyl, guanidino, heterocyclic groups, amido, 8-24C alkyl and 8-24C alkylene groups, mono- to pentaethyleneglycol groups, or aromatic groups. The copolymerizable compound is a petrochemical compound. The copolymerizable compound is (meth)acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic imide derivatives, acrylamidoalkyl sulfonic acid or its salt, vinylphosphonate, glycine, taurine, phenols, acrylonitrile, dicyanamide and its salts, histidine, arginine, cationic peptides, vinylimidazole, vinylpyridine, alkanolamine, dialkanolamine, unsaturated fatty acids and fats, 8-24C aldehydes, 8-24C ketones and 8-24C amines, or H2N(C2H4O)xH, H(OH4C2)xNH(C2H4O)yH.x, y=1-5.Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating the hydrothermal hybrid material from the obtained mixture. EXAMPLE - Glucose (6 g) was dissolved in water (24 g). Acrylic acid (0.3 g) (i.e. 5 wt.% acrylic acid in terms of glucose) was added to obtain a reaction mixture. An autoclave was charged with the reaction mixture and heated to 200 degrees C for 12 hours. The reaction was terminated by quenching. Coal-like hybrid material (3 g) was obtained. The material contained 63 wt.% carbon. It was hydrophilic and had a strong ion-binding ability. An analysis of the water phase separated from the product did not show any amount of acrylic add. Consequently, the acrylic acid had been incorporated completely in the structure of the coal-like hybrid material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic additives comprise carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ethers, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acid anhydride, enones, hydroperoxides, carbonate esters, and metal carbonyls. The organic additives further comprise liquids and solids including formic acid, formate ions, or metal formates, carbonate or bicarbonate ions, metal carbonates, formaldehyde, oxalic acid, oxalate and acid oxalate ions, metal oxalates, acetic acid, acetates, alcohols, and carboxyl compounds. The organic additives are solutions of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen carbide, and carbon monoxide in water or sulfuric acid. They further comprise lead, sulfur, oxygen, and/or hydrogen, and other organic groups and radicals. The additives are preferably furfuryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The additives are resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: Producing the embrittled material further comprises grinding or comminuting the starting material. Treating comprises cooling the starting material. Treating and grinding or comminuting is performed simultaneously in a freeze grinding or freeze milling device. Processing the material comprise contacting the material with an enzyme and/or a microorganism. Treating comprises irradiating the starting material. Preferred Materials: The starting material comprises biomass. The product comprises alcohol, preferably ethanol. The starting material comprises hydrocarbon-containing material, including tar sands, oil sands, oil shale, crude oil, bitumen, coal, and liquefied natural gas. The biomass comprises lignocellulosic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid content mass of organic polymer flocculant is 0.1 mg or more per solid content mass of 1 kg of carbonization product. The organic polymer flocculant is used in solution state with concentration of 0.2% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waste gas of fuel cell is cooled, dry-cleaned, and the water contained in waste gas is condensed, removed and supplied to the carbon-dioxide modifier, to perform carbon-dioxide modification. The carbon-dioxide modification catalyst contains a mixture containing carbonate of alkaline-earth metal chosen from calcium, strontium and/or barium, and catalyst metal which accelerates decomposition reaction of hydrocarbon-type source gas. The catalyst further contains complex oxide containing components chosen from titanium, aluminum, zirconium, iron, tungsten and/or molybdenum. The complex oxide is chosen from alkaline-earth metal-titanium oxide (ATiO3), alkaline-earth metal-aluminum oxide (AAl2O4), alkaline-earth metal-zirconium oxide (AZrO3), alkaline-earth metal-iron oxide (AFeO4), alkaline-earth metal-tungsten oxides (A3W2O9 and A2WO5) and alkaline-earth metal-molybdenum oxide (AMoO4), where A is alkaline-earth metal chosen from calcium, strontium and/or barium. The catalyst metal comprises nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, cobalt, iron and/or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal borohydride is sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, ammonium borohydride, and/or tetramethyl ammonium borohydride. The stabilizing step is by the addition of a stabilizing agent including sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic pigments are pyranthrenedione, indanthrene gold orange, ditridecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide, indanthrene black, dimethoxy violanthrone, 1,4-diketopyrrolo-3,4C pyrrole, quinacridone, indanthrene yellow, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, isoviolanthrone, or perylenetetracarboxylic diimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic pigment catalyst is obtained by blending a solid, loose organic pigment catalyst powder with a poly (methyl methacrylate) binder and fixing the blended material onto a plastic substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The redox-sensitive substances include heavy metals or radionuclides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The redox mediator is introduced into aqueous effluent. Preferred Components: The redox mediator is riboflavin. The redox-sensitive substances include organic dyes having azo dyes. The bacterial strain is Shewanella putrefaciens.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst used in the first step comprises (pts. wt.) (a) 30-98, preferably 68% sulfuric acid solution (2-4 or 3-5) or 20-35% sodium hydroxide solution; (b) 30-98% sulfuric acid solution (2-4) and 20-36% hydrochloric solution (1-2); (c) 30-98% sulfuric acid solution (3-5) and 30-60% nitric acid solution (1-2); (d) 20-36% hydrochloric acid solution (3-5) and 30-60% nitric acid solution (1-2); (e) calcium oxide (0.8-1.2, preferably 0.85) and water (3-5); or (f) sodium sulfate (1-2), calcium oxide (3-5), and water (3-5). The additive agent comprises calcium oxide (0.5-1, preferably 0.85), bentonite (0.5-1), and optionally talc powder (0.5-1). Preferred Methods: The method comprises crushing straw into straw powder having grain size of 1.5 mm; mixing the straw powder with catalyst at weight ratio of 10:0.8; placing and reacting the mixture in carbonization reactor at 220 degrees C for 80 minutes to obtain straw carbon powder; mixing straw carbon powder (4-10, preferably 5 pts. wt.), additive material (0.8-1.2, preferably 1), cow dung (0-6, preferably 5), and biogas residue (0-6) in shaping machine to obtain shaping fuel at 3x 107-4x 107, preferably 3.5x 107 Pa; naturally drying the fuel until the water content of shaping fuel is 13 %; and obtaining biomass solidified shaping material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The morpholine derivative is selected between N-formylmorpholine (NFM) and N-Acetylmorpholine (NAM). The amine compound is selected between methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diethanolamine (DEA).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The amine compound is polyethylene glycol-substituted amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural water includes semiconductor manufacture waste-water or liquid crystal manufacture waste-water containing monoethanolamine and/or tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The preparation method of the carbon monoxide selective methanation catalyst comprises: (a) dissolving the nitrates of cerium (Ce) and zirconium (Zr) in water; using ammonia as the settling agent; controlling the pH value at 9-13; stirring, settling, aging and washing; replacing the water in the precipitate by the drying medium; baking at 300-900 degrees C after drying for 5-8 hours; and (b) adding the product obtained in (a) in the water solution of precursor of ruthenium (Ru); homogenously mixing, drying, pre-baking at 100-200 degrees C for 1-3 hours; and baking at 300-900 degrees C for 2-5 hours to obtain the catalyst. Preferred Composition: Preferably, the mol ratio of Ce to Zr is 1-9:3. Preferably, the particle diameter of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide carrier is 5-10 nm. The coating quantity of the catalyst powder is controlled to be 6-30 wt.% of the porous material substrate. Preferred Process: In (a), the nitrates of Ce and Zr are dissolved in deionized water. Drying is microwave drying, vacuum drying, or oven drying. The process in (a) comprises ball milling the catalyst powder to be serum by adding in water or crosslinking agent and coating on the porous material substrate; controlling the coating quantity of the catalyst powder to be 6-30 wt.% of the porous material substrate; drying and pre-baking at 100-160 degrees C for 1-3 hours; and baking at 300-1000 degrees C for 2-5 hours; and preparing to be the integrated catalyst. Preferred Components: The drying medium is absolute ethyl alcohol. The precursor of Ru is ruthenium chloride (RuCl3). The cross-linking agent is polyethylene glycol. The porous material carrier is cordierite honeycombing ceramic carrier. Preferred Conditions: Preferably, baking is carried out at 300-500 degrees C. Preferably, pre-baking is carried out at 120-160 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode of photo-electrochemical cell is made of photo-catalytic material selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten oxide (WO2), titanium-aluminum oxynitride (TaON), iron oxide (Fe2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), cupric oxide (CuO), cadmium sulfide (CdS), silicon titanium oxide (SiTiO3), carbon-doped TiO2, nitrogen-doped TiO2 and sulfur-doped TiO2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode of photo-electrochemical cell consists of ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt) and nickel-iron (Ni-Fe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the straw to the coal powder is 70:30, 60:40 or 50:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises an additional deodorant active principle. Preferred Components: The volatile linear alkane or alkane exhibits 10-15 carbon atoms (particularly 11-13 carbon atoms). The volatile linear alkane or alkanes are of vegetable origin, in which the mixture of volatile linear 9-17C alkanes is a mixture of undecane (Cn) and tridecane (C13). The mixture of undecane (Cn) and tridecane (C13) comprises (50-90 wt.%) of undecane and tridecane of (10-50 wt.%). The volatile linear alkane or the volatile linear alkanes are present in an amount of 10-95 (preferably 30-95) wt.% with respect to the total weight of the dispensable of the composition. The antiperspirant active principle or principles are selected from aluminum and/or zirconium salts; the complexes of zirconium hydroxychloride and of aluminum hydroxychloride with an amino acid. The antiperspirant active principle or principles are present in the composition in a proportion of 0.1-40 (preferably 5-35) wt.%, with respect to the dispensable. The anhydrous liquid vehicle comprises an oily phase composed solely of the volatile linear 9-17C alkane or alkanes or else comprising, in addition to the alkanes, at least one volatile or nonvolatile silicone, hydrocarbon or fluorinated oils. The oily phase of the compositions is present in amount of 60-95 wt.% with respect to the total weight of the dispensable. The volatile linear 9-17C alkane or alkanes is present in amount of 60- 100 wt.% with respect to the amount of the oily phase. EXAMPLE - An antiperspirant composition comprising (wt.%) Undecane/tridecane mixture according to Example 1 or 2 of the document DE 10 2008 012 457 (40.4), Citroflex (RTM: triethyl citrate) (7), isopropyl palmitate (6), DC 1501 (RTM: cyclopentasiloxane/dimethicol) (9), Tixogel MP250 (RTM: Stearalkonium bentonite) (additives) (2.6), and micronized aluminum chlorohydratre (35) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The one or more enzymes comprises a glycosidase enzyme, amyloglucosidase and/or beta -glucosidase. The amount of steryl glycoside in the oil or fat is removed of about at least 20%, 50% or 80%. Preferred Oil: The oil is a vegetable oil, preferably chosen from rapeseed oil, canola oil, soya (soybean) oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, nasturtium seed oil, mustard seed oil, olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, babassu nut oil, castor oil, palm kernel oil, low erucic acid rapeseed oil, lupin oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, flaxseed oil, evening primrose oil, jojoba oil, shea nut oil or camelina oil. The biofuel is a biodiesel. Preferred Method: The method further involves degumming (preferably an enzymatic degumming). The steryl glycoside is degraded before, during or after the degumming step. The one or more enzymes are admixed with oil or fat and water during degumming step. The method further involves interesterification (preferably an enzymatic interesterification) and centrifugation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The solid fuel has cylindrical shape, average size of 15-60 cm3/piece, apparent specific gravity of 0.4-0.5 g/cm3 and emitted-heat amount of 20-30 MJ/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfonate ion is an aromatic or aliphatic sulfonate ion. The aromatic sulfonate ion has: a naphthalene ring; and at least two ionized sulfonic groups or at least three ionized sulfonic groups. The aliphatic sulfonate ion is a vinyl sulfonate ion or a polyvinyl sulfonate ion. EXAMPLE - Ion-exchanged water was deoxidized by blowing argon gas in it. A polymerization solution was prepared by dissolving benzene sulfonic acid (3.52 g) and then pyrrole (1.34 g) in the deoxidized ion-exchanged water (200 ml). The polymerization solution prepared was put into the polymerization container of the electrochemical polymerization device. The working electrode was set as an anode and the counter electrodes were set as a cathode, and the constant-current oxidative polymerization was performed at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for 3 hours to yield a membrane of a thickness of roughly 10 mu m on both surfaces of the working electrode, respectively. Then, detaching the membranes from the working electrode, to obtain the water separation membrane composed of polypyrrole doped with benzene sulfonate ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dicarboxylic acid compound is alkenylsuccinic acid, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, or polymaleic acid derivative. Preferred Composition: The biodiesel fuel composition further comprises a cetane number improver and/or a cleaning agent, and other additive(s) chosen from solvent, antioxidant, lubricity-improving agent, metal deactivator, deicing agent, corrosion inhibitor, antistatic agent, coloring agent, and antifoamer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Unit: The polyester consists of polyester units of formula: -(-C(=O)-A-C(=O)-O-R'-O-)- and of formula (2).R'=R;andg,h=2-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The first fluorescent dye is chosen from propidium iodide, ethidium bromide, ethidium homo dimer, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, 7-amino actinomycin D and SYTOX (RTM: not defined) Green. The second fluorescent dye is chosen from fluorescein diacetate, carboxyfluorescein diacetate, sulfo fluorescein diacetate, dichloro fluorescein diacetate, calcein acetoxymethyl ester and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The carbon film has structure containing polyether ketone of formula (4) and 2,6-bis(4-azidobenzylidene)-4-methylcyclohexanone as diazide compound. Thermal decomposition is carried out at 300-700 degrees C. The carbon film has thickness of 20-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is sugarcane leaves, filter cake of the sugar production, fusel oil or washed water from the sugar and ethanol production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The mole ratio of oxygen molecule contained in oxidizing gas with respect to carbon contained in hydrocarbon or aliphatic alcohol is made small before and after increase in reformed gas production amount.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon or aliphatic alcohol is light oil, kerosene, gasoline, naphtha, liquified petroleum gas, ethanol and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The mole ratio of oxygen molecule contained in oxidizing gas with respect to carbon contained in hydrocarbon or aliphatic alcohol is enlarged when decreasing production amount of reformed gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon or aliphatic alcohol is light oil, kerosene, gasoline, naphtha, liquified petroleum gas, ethanol and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The active component and auxiliary agent are added in the form of nitrate and settled with sodium carbonate. The carrier is aluminum oxide fine powder having 200-300 meshes granularity. The catalyst comprises (pts.wt.) ferric oxide (35-55), zinc oxide (35-45), aluminum oxide (10-20), and strontium oxide, manganese oxide or lanthanum oxide (2-10). The catalyst further comprises lubricant of graphite, stearate or paraffin (1-5 pts.wt.).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing the transformed microorganism capable of producing a pentose derived compound comprises transforming a microorganism with a nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase, where the transformed microorganism is capable of converting an aldopentose to a pentose derived compound. The nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase is in an expression vector. Preparing a transformed microorganism capable of converting an aldopentose to a ketopentose at a higher rate than the equivalent microorganism prior to transformation comprises transforming a microorganism with a nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase, where the transformed microorganism is capable of converting an aldopentose to a ketopentose. Preparing a transformed microorganism capable of a higher growth rate in the presence of aldopentose than the equivalent microorganism prior to transformation comprises transforming a microorganism with a nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase, where the transformed microorganism is capable of converting an aldopentose to a ketopentose. Preparing a transformed microorganism capable of a higher metabolism of aldopentose than the equivalent microorganism prior to transformation comprises transforming a microorganism with a nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase, where the transformed microorganism is capable of converting an aldopentose to a ketopentose. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism has been transformed with a nucleotide sequence encoding an aldose-1-epimerase or a nucleotide sequence that causes the microorganism to overexpress an aldose-1-epimerase. Preferably, the microorganism is transformed yeast. The aldopentose is selected from xylose, arabinose, ribose, or lyxose. The ketopentose is xylulose. Preferred Method: Producing the biofuel further comprises obtaining the biofuel from the culture medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The mixed microorganism comprises (pts.wt.) Bacillus (20-40), nitrobacteria (20-30), photosynthetic bacteria (15-20), Saccharomycetes (10-15), Lactobacillus (5-10), and Actinomyces (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adjusting internal pressure of super fine bubble of hydrogen oxygen mixed gas injected in liquid, and controlling amount of dissolution of hydrogen oxygen mixed gas with respect to liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water storage filter of the gasification furnace is filled with 5 percent of sodium hydroxide aqueous alkali solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of the copper-1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid-MOF is 5-100 mg/kg. The sulfur content of the fuel is reduced to 2-10 mg/kg. In the method, the intake of sulfur amounts to at least 0.2 mg/g. The sulfur content of already sulfur-reduced fuel having an initial sulfur content of 8-15 mg/kg is further reduced to at least 10%. The intake of sulfur is completed within a reaction time of 5-60 minutes. The method is carried out at ambient temperature and ambient pressure on board of a mobile system. The copper-1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid-MOF is structurally integrated into fuel filter or fuel tank of a mobile system or used as a separate facility that can be introduced before the fueling process.
EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in %) of: oxygen (75); and glycerol (25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The stack further comprises a metal pad interposed between the polymer film and conductive adhesive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal pad is made of a material comprising gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive adhesive layer comprises an adhesive epoxy, and metal powder and/or metal wire. The polymer film is made of a flexible material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A filling material (3) admitting the passage of the gas to be desulfurized is arranged in one of the flow path corresponding to the absorption stage, where the filling material is configured to include microorganisms introduced in the absorption stage. Another filling material admitting the passage of the gas providing oxygen is arranged in one of the flow path corresponding to the regeneration stage, where the another filling material is configured to include microorganisms introduced in the regeneration stage. The separating device has a siphon assembly. The absorption stage is arranged above a platform, on which the bioreactor is placed higher than the regeneration stage. An irrigation device (4) is arranged in the absorption stage, where the irrigation device is configured to bring the working fluid with microorganisms in the stream of the gas to be desulfurized and a further irrigation device is arranged in the regeneration stage, where the further irrigation device is configured to bring the working fluid with microorganisms in the stream of oxygen. In the bioreactor, several purification stages appear in succession and are connected to each other, where each has at least one associated absorption stage and at least one associated regeneration stage. In the absorption stage, an absorptions stage flow path is formed as a substantially horizontal flow path. A regulatory device is configured to regulate a fluid level in the bioreactor. A process control device is configured to regulate one or more process parameters for the desulfurization processes in the bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diesel fuel comprises up to 20 vol.%, preferably up to 5 vol.% of (I). The diesel fuel contains 5-20 vol.% of fatty acid methyl esters. The diesel fuel is a hydrogenated vegetable oil, preferably NexBTL (RTM: Conventional diesel fuel made from renewable resources) or an XTL (gas- or coal- or biomass- liquid) diesel fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compound (I) is free of carbon atoms having an oxidation number of greater than +1. At least one of the compound (I) is a polyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether, which is a polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether of formula (CH3O(C2H4O)mCH3), preferably is tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.The polyalkylene glycol dialkyl ether is ethylene glycol methyl butyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl butyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethoxypropane, diethoxybutane, ethoxymethoxypropane, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, tetraethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether or polypropylene glycol dimethyl ether having 3-5 propylene units.m = 4 or a mixture of 4-12. Preferred Definitions:    m = greater than or equal to 4, preferably 4-12;    R2 = H; and    R1, R3 = methyl, ethyl and/or butyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst of the methanol synthesis reaction zone is a copper based catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: At least a fraction of the unreacted alcohol of step v) is recycled to the mixing zone and/or the transesterification zone. The temperature of the methanol synthesis reaction zone is 325-500 degrees F and the pressure is 50-100 bar absolute. The gasification reaction zone is an autothermal reaction zone. The first separation zone is a flash drum. The second separation zone is a distillation zone. An organic material co-feed is introduced in to the reaction zone with the crude glycerin. A steam is added to the pressurized cooled synthesis gas. Water is added to the pressurized cooled synthesis gas. The reaction zone is an autothermal reaction zone. Hydrogen is added to the pressurized cooled synthesis gas. The tail gas product is recycled to the pressurized cooled synthesis gas. Preferred Components: The 1-2C alcohol is selected from methanol and ethanol (preferably methanol). The organic material is selected from free fatty acids, animal fats, oils and organic compounds derived from biomass processing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The aluminum powder distributor is made of a stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 8-12 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The storage room base and the upper cover are made of glass, or ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The storage room base and the upper cover are made of silicon. The solid hydride fuel comprises sodium tetrahydroboride, lithium borohydride, or other boron hydrides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The storage room base and the upper cover are made of tetrafluoroethylene, or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: At least a part of the electric power and/or motive power necessary for performing the method is obtained by using the solar thermal energy or the synthesized ammonia as a fuel. Only the solar thermal energy acquired in step (a) is used as an energy source for performing the method. The reaction to produce hydrogen from water is performed by using the acquired solar thermal energy directly as a heat source or by using the electric power as a heat source. At least a part of the solar thermal energy used as a heat source in the step (b) is obtained by a parabolic dish-type collector and/or a solar tower-type collector (150). The reaction to produce hydrogen from water is performed by electrolyzing water with use of the electric power. In the step (a), the solar thermal energy is acquired by a parabolic trough-type collector (160). In step (c), ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen by using the solar thermal energy directly as a heat source and/or as a motive power source. The solar thermal energy used as a heat source in the step (c) is obtained by a parabolic trough-type collector. The nitrogen is obtained by subjecting the air to cryogenic separation using the electric power and/or motive power or by burning the hydrogen obtained to consume oxygen in the air. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Effluent containing a lower concentration of nitrates from the biomass growth unit is discharged to the environment. Carbon dioxide in the effluent from the biomass growth unit is discharged to the environment at a rate per unit time that is lower than the rate per unit time of carbon dioxide delivered to the biomass growth unit from the exhaust. The biomass growth proceeds during continual flow of the wastewater through the channel. The biomass grows to a target mass that is delivered by the flow of wastewater to a biomass harvester. At least a portion of the harvested biomass is delivered as a fuel source for the power generation plant. A portion of the harvested biomass is provided as feedstock. A portion of the energy produced by the power generation plant is used to provide light or heat to facilitate growth of the biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The biomass growth unit comprises an elongated channel containing the wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The desiccation system comprises a molecular sieve. The apparatus further comprises: a flow transmitter downstream of the mixing manifold and a temperature transmitter upstream of the mixing manifold; a flow transmitter and a temperature transmitter downstream of the mixing manifold; a flow transmitter downstream of the mixing manifold, and a temperature transmitter downstream of the heat exchanger and upstream of the 200 proof receiver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The coke oven gas is obtained from dry distillation of coal at low, medium or high temperature. The separation is one of pressure swing absorption separation, deeply cold separation and/or membrane separation. The methane of separation step is in liquid or gas state. The dosage of carbon dioxide occupies 20-60% of total gas amount of methanation. The carbon dioxide occupies 20-100% of carbon dioxide gas. The methane occupies more than 90% of methane gas from the separation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of cellulase (other than beta -glucosidase) and beta -glucosidase in the enzyme liquid is 8:2-1:9. The cellulase is chosen from (1) endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and glucan 1,4-glucosidase. The enzyme liquid includes combination of beta -glucosidase and endoglucanase. The beta -glucosidase is derived from microorganisms and plant. The cellulase is derived from Trichoderma, Clostridium or Aspergillus. The fiber product is chosen from clothing, and domestic use and business use fiber products. The fiber product includes cotton or fibers other than cotton. The fibers other than cotton are chosen from polyester, rayon, nylon, hemp silk and linen. The fiber product is fragmented before performing the saccharification process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing agent contains aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of magnesium/calcium in alloy is 100/1-1/100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The cyanophycin-producing microbes are microorganisms which have the ability to produce a cyanophycin in nature. The cyanophycin-producing microbe contains a fusion protein comprising a specific association tag peptide connected with a protein selected from: (a) cyanophycin synthetase derived from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 comprising the amino acid sequence comprising a fully defined 896 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification; (b) a protein of SEQ ID NO. 1 comprising one or more amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition, and has cyanophycin synthetase activity; (c) a protein comprising at least 80% or more homology with SEQ ID NO. 1 and has cyanophycin synthetase activity; (d) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 80% or more homology with nucleotide sequence comprising a fully defined 2691 bp (SEQ ID NO. 2) given in the specification, and has cyanophycin synthetase activity; or (e) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide hybridizable under stringent conditions with the polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NO. 2, and has cyanophycin synthetase activity. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed is a cyanophycin synthetase derived from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 comprising 896 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. 1), and its encoding polynucleotide comprising 2691 bp (SEQ ID NO. 2). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The Sabatier reactor is provided with carbon dioxide input (119), and is arranged to receive at the carbon dioxide input from a power plant (101), oxygen injected power plant (102), an ammonia plant (103), hydrogen plant, an ethylene oxide plant, a natural gas plant and an ethanol plant (104). The plasma melter is arranged to receive feedstock (105) such as hazardous waste, medical waste, radioactive waste, municipal waste, coal, and biomass algae. The plasma melter is Westinghouse plasma melter and Europlasma plasma melter. The Sabatier reactor is a foam Sabatier reactor. The plasma melter is InEnTec plasma enhanced melter (120).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises converting the gas or water fraction into energy resource i.e. hydrocarbon or methane. Converting water fraction into energy resource includes producing electricity using acoustic resonance reactor. The method further comprises electrochemically treating the waste before separating the waste into water and solid fractions; and applying microwave treatment to water fraction or solid fraction of the waste after the waste is separated into water, solid, and gas fractions. Converting the solid fraction of the waste includes thermochemically converting the solid fraction to oil. The method further comprises harvesting energy from the gas and solid fractions of the waste by using pyroelectric or piezoelectric materials. The energy resource harvested from the solid fraction is biofuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fuel comprises micronized lignocellulosic char material mixed with other conventionally known fuel including cellulosic char, hemicellulosic char, polysaccharide, and/or coal. Preferred Method: High calorific value char is produced by microwave torrefaction of biomass in the presence of additive including microwave absorber (preferably graphite or biomass char), humectant, or alcohol (preferably glycerol or glycerin). The method includes selective cellulose decomposition at 165-250 degrees C or selective hemicellulose decomposition at 70-165 degrees C. Preferred Ratio: The ratio of microwave absorber to biomass is 1:99. Preferred Properties: The micronized biomass material has an average particle size of 10-1000 (preferably 10-500) mu m. The torrefied biomass char has high calorific value (preferably up to 32 kJ/g). The char may be cellulose char having calorific value of up to 34 kJ/g or hemicellulose char having calorific value of up to 45 kJ/g. Preferred Conditions: The irradiation power is 100-300 W when using CEM Discover (RTM: microwave system).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photocatalyst is titanium dioxide supported with ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver and gold as a co-catalyst. The liquid raw material is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A compound chosen from formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol and methane is produced as carbon-dioxide reduction product during immobilization. The photocatalytic reaction is advanced by moving methanol produced as carbon-dioxide reduction product in liquid phase of the pipe flow and in the gaseous phase of pipe flow. The concentration of methanol in gaseous phase is set to predetermined value such that photocatalytic reaction in flow path with fixed length is stopped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass-catalyst mixture is provided using a first feed system, and the conventional petroleum feedstock is provided using a second feed system. Liquefying at least a portion of a solid biomass feedstock comprises operating the first reaction vessel at 450-250 degrees C. The method further comprises retaining oxygen in the processed biomass feedstock in a product stream, without converting the oxygen to water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), or carbon dioxide (CO2); and selectively converting oxygen in the processed biomass feedstock to H2O, CO, or CO2 by controlling at least one of catalyst type and reaction temperature. Preferred Component: The liquefied biomass feedstock is present at 5-50, preferably 10-20 wt.% of the biomass-conventional petroleum feedstock. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating the first oil from the cellulosic portion before catalytically cracking cellulose in the cellulosic portion; and hydrocracking the first oil and the second oil, to produce hydrocracked product. It further comprises catalytically cracking cellulose in the cellulosic residue, together with the first bio-oil and an acidic or basic catalyst, to produce second bio-oil comprising aromatics. The method further comprises providing a system for separating the first oil from the cellulosic portion and for providing the first oil for mild hydrocracking or isomerization; and catalytically cracking protein, nucleic acid, lignin or other non-cellulosic carbohydrate, and/or non-triglyceride lipid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The light layer is subjected to aggregation and precipitation process by adding coagulant solution to impurity before performing cleaning process. The processed light layer is obtained by separating heavy layer (C) including processed light layer, coagulant solution and deposit which were processed by coagulant solution and removing heavy layer (C). Before implementing aggregation and precipitation process, acidic solution and light layer are mixed, light layer is subjected to acidic process and acid processed layer and heavy layer (D) including acidic solution are separated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Magnesium sulfate solution is used as coagulant solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The main component of difficultly decomposable substance is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alternately, iron oxide is mixed with the carbonized material discharged from the carbonization furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for preparing the carbon monoxide selective methanation integral catalyst comprises: (a) dissolving the nitrate of cerium (Ce) and zirconium (Zr) in water, adopting ammonia as precipitating agent, controlling the pH value at 9-13, stirring, precipitating, aging, washing, later permuting the water in the deposit with the dry medium, baking at 300-900 degrees C for 5-8 hours after drying; (b) adding the adhesive to form fluid after ball-milling and coating on the porous material substrate; (c) dissolving the precursor of ruthenium (Ru) into the nitric acid liquor, and pre-heating in water; (d) digging the porous material substrate that is coated with the fluid in (b) into the liquor obtained in (c), taking out and baking at 100-160 degrees C for 1-3 hours after drying, and baking at 300-1000 degrees C for 2-5 hours to obtain the product. Preferred Components: The porous material substrate is celadon honeycomb ceramic carrier. The dry medium is anhydrous alcohol. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol. The precursor of Ru is ruthenium chloride (RuCl3). Preferred Composition: Preferably, the mole ratio of Ce and Zr is 1-9:3. Preferably, the coating quantity of the nanometer cerium and zirconium compound oxide is 10-20 wt.% of the porous material substrate. Preferred Process: Drying is vacuum drying, microwave drying, or oven drying. Preferred Conditions: Preferably, baking is carried out at 300-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry medium is anhydrous alcohol. The precursor of Ru is ruthenium chloride (RuCl3). Preferred Composition: Preferably, the mole ratio of Ce and Zr is 1-9:3. Preferably, the particle diameter of the nanometer ceria-zirconia composite oxide carrier is 5-10 nm. Preferred Process: Drying is vacuum drying, microwave drying, or oven drying. Preferred Conditions: Preferably, baking is carried out at 300-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The inoculum solution comprises (pts.wt.) B. subtilis (45-50, preferably 50), nitrobacteria (35-40, preferably 40), Lactobacillus (15-20, preferably 18), and microzyme (18-20, preferably 20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lignocellulosic biomass is degraded by performing steam explosive treatment to the lignocellulosic biomass at 1.3-1.6 (preferably 1.6) MPa for 1-30 (preferably 5) minutes, and inoculating anaerobic sludge into the obtained steam explosive treatment product for anaerobic fermentation at 20-65 (preferably 37-55) degrees C. The method further comprises adjusting the pH of the steam explosive treatment substance to 4.5-6 (preferably 5.5). Preferred Components: The anaerobic sludge is subjected to thermal treatment at 60-100 (preferably 100) degrees C treating for 5-30 (preferably 15) minutes. The lignocellulosic biomass is corn straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methane is contacted and reacted with absorption liquid in absorption tower. The aeration process is carried out in a biological reactor, where temperature of absorption liquid is 20-35 degrees C. Preferred Components: The vol. ratio of methane to absorption liquid is 5-20:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline metal is sodium metal; and lithium or potassium. The particle size of the alkaline metal is less than 15 mu m, preferably 0.1-1 mu m. The alkaline metal is present at 2-60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises dehydration agent. Preferred Component: The hydrophobic neutral diluent is organic polymer comprising vegetable oil and mineral oil. The hydrophobic neutral diluent is silicone oil. The aqueous solution comprises water and surfactant emulsifier and/or an organic solvent. The surfactant emulsifier is present at 0.05-10%. The device comprises a reservoir (18) for recuperation of hydrophobic oil and emulsion of aqueous alkaline hydroxide produced after reaction in the chamber (16). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In case of round fermenter, the inner container (7) is not arranged at the center, but is shifted from the center, so that at the point, where the inner container is moved close to the outer ring, lies the substrate inlet and is located opposite to the substrate outlet or the digested residue filter. In case of round fermenter, the pivoting mechanism is placed in the left or right side of the substrate inlet and after the substrate inlet using the auxiliary material the device is operated in such a manner that the injected substrate is pressed in the direction of the substrate outlet. In case of square shaped container, the pivoting mechanism is placed in the resting state and after the substrate inlet, the pivoting mechanism is swung out or ejected, so that the substrate is pressed in the direction of the substrate outlet. The pivoting mechanism is a swing wall, piston, lifting cushion or air-lift cushion. The square shaped fermenter enlarges conically from the substrate inlet to the substrate outlet. The auxiliary material is stuffing screw, input piston, flushing shaft or inlet screw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Compositions: The composition has active component content of 11-80 wt.%. The composition is in the form of wettable powder comprising (wt.%) dithianon (10-80), tebuconazole (1-70), dispersing agent (3-15), wetting agent (3-12), and filler (4-84); water dispersing granule comprising (wt.%) dithianon (10-80), tebuconazole (1-70), dispersing agent (3-12), wetting agent (2-8), disintegrant (1-8), binding agent (0.1-5), and filler (10-84); or suspending agent comprising (wt.%) dithianon (10-45), tebuconazole (5-40), dispersing agent (3-12), wetting agent (2-10), defoaming agent (0.01-0.5), thickening agent (0.01-2), antifreeze agent (1-10), and deionized water (balance). ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Algae: The microalgae are chosen from fresh water or sea water microalgae such as Dunaliella salina, Chlorella and Myrmecia incise.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol. The organic solvent is normal hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The formed water vapor is used as a medium for conveying the dry biomass. The mixture is preferably prepared in a blow-off valve. The biomass-water vapor mixture is ideally mixed in a mixing head (5) with the gasification agent and also the return of the reactor cyclone is mixed in the mixing head. The mixture is fed to a fluidized bed reactor through a venturi floor. The hot reactor gas is cooled in counter-current to the biomass-water vapor mixture to 100-150 degrees C. The gas-final cleaning takes place in a high-performance venturi scrubber, in which the reactor gas is cooled simultaneously to wet-bulb temperature. The reactor gas is partly dried and further cooled, and also it is used to evaporate and/or preheat liquid oxygen. The composition of the washing liquid is kept constant by deducting a certain amount, while fresh water is added at the same time. In a special reactor, a stable liquid fertilizer is produced from the washing liquid, which is obtained by the evaporation of the desired concentration of solid materials. The heat reaching part of the procedure is insulated by a housing comprising vacuum-isolating-panel. The water electrolysis takes place during the methanol synthesis pressure, so that no additional compression is required. The excess oxygen is relaxed under the production of electricity. Preferred Components: The fluidized bed material is chemically inert and resistant to breakage and abrasion and is in the form of round body and is fractions of sea sand and industrially produced materials e.g. those used in agitator bead mills. The particle size of the material is 0.1-0.5 mm, preferably 0.15-0.3 mm. The washing liquid is an aqueous alkaline solution of inorganic residues from biomass gasification, which are partly suspended and includes fewer amounts of organic ingredients. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Non-water material component (6) chosen from organic material, algae and particulate such as sand, waste material, oil residues, metals and other impurities is removed from non-fresh water. Electrolysis is carried out partially from external source chosen from solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, fossil fuel energy, and geothermal energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NRRL B-50141 is present in a concentration of (1x 105-1x 1010)/ml. Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises: an odor neutralizing component which functions to provide for rapid odor reduction; and microbes comprising Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Pseudomonas or Streptococcus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The odor neutralizing component comprises propylene carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) contains amine (10-80 wt.%); water (10-90 wt.%) and degradation inhibitor compound (5 ppm to 5 wt.%). The degradation inhibitor compound is O,O'-diisopropyldithiobis(thioformate), diethyldithiocarbamic acid and its salt, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid and its salt, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid and its salt, morpholinedithiocarbamic acid and its salt, piperidinedithiocarbamic acid and its salt, bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl)disulfide, di-n-butyldithiocarbamate of thiomolybdyl, methylenebis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, ethylene trithiocarbonate, dimethyl trithiocarbonate, or bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate and its salt, preferably zinc diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide or O,O'-diisopropyldithiobis(thioformate). The amine is N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethylethylenetriamine, piperazine, monoethanolamine (preferred), diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, a salt of glycine or a salt of taurine. Preferred Process: The process comprises adding at least one degradation inhibitor compound to the aqueous solution for limiting the degradation of aqueous monoethanolamine solution that is implemented for capturing the carbon dioxide in the combustion fumes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The material of machine-made charcoal rod further contains tobacco straw, vegetable seed straw and/or corn straw, and felling residue, forestation residue and/or processing residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing the transconjugated lactic acid bacterium comprises culturing a donor bacterium comprising chromosomal DNA encoded the genetic determinant for the phage resistance mechanism and a recipient lactic acid bacterium in a medium for transconjugation, and isolating the transconjugated lactic acid bacterium conferring the phage resistance. The donor comprises a chromosomal encoded phage resistance mechanism. The genetic determinant for phage resistance is coupled to a selection marker used for selection of a transconjugated lactic acid bacterium, where the selection marker is the erythromycin resistance gene (Ermr). The bacterium was obtained by selection for spontaneous activation of the genetic determinant for a phage resistance mechanism. Preferred Bacterium: The determinant for a phage resistance mechanism is expressed. The lactic acid bacterium is a Lactococcus transconjugant. Preferably, the Lactococcus is Lactococcus lactis. The phage resistance mechanism is an abortive infection mechanism (Abi) selected from AbiA, AbiF, AbiK, AbiP, AbiR, AbiT, AbiC, AbiE, AbiI, AbiQ, AbiB, AbiD1, AbiU, AbiZ, or AbiV (preferred). The genetic determinant for the phage resistance mechanism is encoded by a polynucleotide sequence that encodes a polypeptide with at least 70% identity with SEQ ID NO. 1 not defined in the specification or its fragment, and where expression of the polynucleotide confers at least one phage resistance mechanism to a transconjugated lactic acid bacterium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: In the combined production of butanol and hydrogen from biomass, the butanol is produced in an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production process. The process using low substrate concentrations is a hydrogen production process and at least part of the end products of the hydrogen production process is removed from the second reaction mixture for obtaining an effluent that comprises an organic acid which effluent is returned to the first reaction mixture. In the method, the organic acid is acetate or butyrate. The ABE production process uses microorganisms, including genetically modified microorganisms. The ABE production process uses solventogenic Clostridia species, preferably selected from Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, or Clostridium butylicum. The hydrogen production process uses mesophilic, thermophilic, extreme thermophilic, or hyperthermophilic bacteria, including genetically modified microorganisms. The bacteria are selected from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis, Caldicellulosiruptor kristjanssohnhi, Thermotoga elfii, Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga maritima, or Clostridium thermocellum. The residual concentration of carbohydrates in the effluent of (b) is 2-10 g/L. Using the effluent as a substrate in a second reaction mixture in a process using low substrate concentrations comprises a thermophilic fermentation which is applied for revitalization of the Clostridium population in the ABE production. The process further comprises recovery of ethanol from the effluent of the process of (a) or (c). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The phosphoric acid concentration in influent to sub-nitrification tank is measured. The injection rate of coagulant is controlled such that concentration product of ammonia phosphate property nitrogen and magnesium is 8x 10-8 or less. The phosphoric acid concentration and ammonia nitrogen concentration in influent to sub-nitrification tank is measured. The injection rate of coagulant is controlled such that concentration product of magnesium is 8x 10-8 or less. Alternately, concentration product of ammonia phosphate property nitrogen, magnesium and hydroxide ion of intra-tank water of sub-nitrification tank is suppressed to 8x 10-14 or less. Aggregation control of phosphorus component is carried out by a control unit such that product with magnesium concentration is 8x 10-14 or less. Nitrite nitrogen is converted into electron acceptor, and nitrogen gas is generated by the effect of autotrophic microorganisms by making ammonia nitrogen into electron donor. The pre-processing is carried out by aggregation mixing process and sedimentation process, or aggregation mixing process and filtration process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The autotrophic microorganisms are anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) microbes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oils and fats are palm bunches. Preferred Process: The method involves adding 2-15 mass parts of calcium hydroxides with respect to 100 mass parts of oils and fats, performing solvent extraction of thermally decomposed oil which fractionated oils and fats from gas vaporized by thermally decomposing, and obtaining fuel oil.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is vanadium and titanium. Preferred Composition: The content of metal (M) in layer (A) and layer (B) is 66.6-80 atomic% and 50-75 atomic%, respectively. The content of nitrogen (N) in layer (A) and layer (B) is 20-33.3 atomic% and 25-50 atomic%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The ammonia containing wastewater is heated at 30-100 degrees C. The air-dispersed-treated water after air-dispersing ammonia gas is separated into liquid and solid substance. An alkali chemical and a coagulant are added during the solid-liquid separation, after dehydrated solid substance is discharged. The biogas or biogas combustion exhaust gas emitted in the biogas plant is introduced into ammonia air-dispersion process, ammonia dissolution process or nitrogen removal process. The air-dispersed-treated water is recycled to a raw material tank or fermenter of biogas plant. The solid-liquid-separation treated water is recycled to raw material tank or fermenter of biogas plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The ammonia air-dispersion apparatus has a heating unit to heat the ammonia containing wastewater. A ventilation unit or suction unit for supplying the ammonia gas to ammonia dissolution apparatus is provided between the ammonia air-dispersion apparatus and ammonia dissolution apparatus. The wastewater treatment equipment has a solid-liquid separation unit to separate the air-dispersed-treated water into solid and liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing substance is aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium, and/or alloy comprising metallic elements. The hydrogen-producing substance container has pyrogen which carries out exothermic reaction to water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metals are calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), molybdenum (Mo), or beryllium (Be). Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the mixed solution of 1 g/L ammonium sulfate to 20-40 mmol/L malic acid is 1:1-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial inoculum solution contains (pts.wt.) photosynthetic bacteria (60), B. subtilis (65), nitrobacteria (65), Lactobacillus (30), and yeast (30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plants: The plant is one or more of straw, tobacco stem, branch, leave and Eupatorium adenophorum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Mixing methanol, iron sulfate, and rose essence comprises: (a) mixing 85% methanol and dissolved 8% iron sulfate according to a mass ratio of 1:0.01-0.05 in a mixing tank; (b) stirring for 1-5 minutes to obtain uniform liquid having a color of oil red, mixing it with rose essence according to a weight ratio of 1:0.001-0.005, uniformly stirring; (c) filtering to obtain the colorful and perfuming high-grade fuel; and (d) conveying it into a finished product tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Mixing methanol and petroleum ether comprises: (a) mixing 92-96% methanol and petroleum ether according to a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3 in a mixing tank; stirring for 1-5 minutes to obtain a colorless uniform liquid, mixing it with 6-9% pre-prepared iron sulfate according to a ratio of 1:0.01-0.05, and with rose essence according to a ratio of 1:0.001-0.005; (b) adding 0.01-0.3% stabilizing agent to carry out a functional treatment, uniformly stirring; (c) filtering to obtain the strong, aromatic and colorful fuel for hotel and restaurant; (d) and conveying it into a finished product tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of modified diesel involves pouring national standard diesel oil no. 0 and petroleum ether at mass ratio of 1:0.03-0.23 into gasoline and diesel oil mixing tank; uniformly and slowly stirring, adding 95-99% ethanol at ratio of 1:0.15-0.55 until modified diesel oil is not layered in immovable state; and filtering mixture to obtain modified diesel oil, and conveying into fuel tank (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion improver is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride. The adhesive is clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite coal (pts. wt.): plant waste (40-60), household garbage combustible (20-30), coal gangue (10-20), combustion improver (5-10) and adhesive (5-10). Preferred Components: The plant waste comprises straws of crops, chaff, leaves and branches trimmed from trees. The city household garbage combustible comprises waste plastic blocks, waste cloth blocks, rubber blocks, wastepaper and leaves.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The length of the raw material after being crushed is not greater than 5 cm. The length of the raw material after being crushed is 3-5 cm. The water content of the raw material before hydraulic molding is less than 18% (preferably 14-15%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heating is associated with the evaporation of the liquid phase. The fermentation residues and/or fermentation substrates are obtained from a mesophilic and/or thermophilic fermentation. The fermentation residues and/or fermentation substrates are obtained from a fermentation of renewable raw materials, plant residues and/or organic waste. The fermentation residues and/or fermentation substrates undergone thermal after-treatment are supplied to a fermenter or a secondary fermentation container. The thermal treatment is carried out at 130-250 degrees C and at a pressure of 2.5-100 bar. The holding time of a thermal pressure hydrolysis as thermal after-treatment is terminated after up to 1.5 hours and the holding time of a hydro-thermal carbonization as thermal after-treatment is terminated after 1.5-12 hours. The fermentation residues and/or fermentation substrates are subjected to short-term heating at 250 degrees C in the liquid phase before, during and/or after the thermal after-treatment. A pressure release takes place for terminating the thermal after-treatment. The thermal after-treatment takes place in a pressure reactor. The thermal pressure hydrolysis is carried out in an extruder. The thermal after-treatment takes place continuously or discontinuously. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process for reducing and controlling the quantity of methane provides a diet that meets three criteria cumulatively. The process for reducing and controlling the quantity of methane, is carried out using a lipid source rich in ALA in the form of foddered or preserved forage, particularly in withered, ensiled, ribboned, or dehydrated form, or oil seeds particularly seeds in raw or cooked state, rich in ALA or meal fat of these oil seeds, where the source includes linen. Preferred Components: In the equation, a is 11.368 and b is 0.4274.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The fuel is sprayed from several directions such that collision is carried out from several directions, and is preferably sprayed from opposing two-ways. An obstacle plate is provided for fuel particles to collide in direction at which fuel is sprayed, and dehydration is accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 20-85% of low-carbon modified alcohol gasoline is added to the international gasoline. Preferred Components: The international gasoline is international gasoline 90#, international gasoline 93#, international gasoline 97#, international ethanol gasoline 90#, international ethanol gasoline 93#, or international ethanol gasoline 97#.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metals are calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), molybdenum (Mo) or beryllium (Be). The weight ratio of the mixed solution of ammonium sulfate to citric acid is: 20-40 mmol/L citric acid: 1 g/L of (NH4)2SO4=1:1-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pipe for extracting and injecting is equipped with a means for regulating the flow of the extracted part. The pipe for extracting and injecting comprises a bypass for cooling, and controlling the flow of the bypass. The end (30a) for extraction is located above the feeder. The end (30b) for injecting opens in the column above the reaction area. The injection end (30b) opens in the column over a distribution system of liquid. The reaction area is located in top section of the column, preferably in column head.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The extracted part is cooled to lower temperature of the reaction area of 5-40 degrees C, preferably 10-30 degrees C. The reaction area of the distillation column is located in upper section of the column, preferably in the column head. A part is extracted in the area of the column, where the alcohol concentration is highest. The process comprises reinjecting the extracted part above the reaction area. The extracted part is reinjected at a distribution system to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the extracted part. The process for fabricating tert-alkylethers is performed by etherification of at least one iso-olefin, preferably isobutene, isopentene, isoamylene or ethylene, with least one aliphatic mono-alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fuel: The fuel with the introduction of diesel fuel antijelling compound will work in cooler climates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The physical solvent is selected from N-methyl pyrrolidone, dialkylethers of polyethylene glycol, tributyl phosphate, tetramethylene sulfone, propylene carbonate, methanol, alkanolpyridine and tetrahydrothiophene dioxide (preferably dimethyl ethers of polypropylene glycol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation(Claimed): Preparation of amorphous form of varenicline, comprises: providing a solution of varenicline in solvents or aqueous mixtures; removing the solvent(s) from the solution; and recovering the varenicline or its L-tartrate salt substantially in amorphous form. Preferred Components: The salt of varenicline is varenicline L-tartrate. The amorphous varenicline or its L-tartrate has X-ray powder diffraction as given in the figure specification. The solvent is alcoholic solvents, halogenated solvents, ketones, nitrites and/or their aqueous mixtures, preferably methanol, acetone or acetonitrile and/or their aqueous mixtures. Preferred Process: The temperature is from 25 degrees C to reflux temperature of the solvent or mixture of solvents used. The solvent is removed by spray drying, lyophilization or evaporation. ACTIVITY - Antismoking.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Varenicline (5 g) was dissolved in methanol (50 ml) and water (50 ml) and subjected to spray drying, using spray dryer to give amorphous varenicline (9 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous solution is non-buffered solution, or is buffered at pH of 8. The buffer is sodium bicarbonate or phosphate. The catalytic metal in a form of nanoparticles is palladium or preferably platinum. The reductant is a dithionite salt, preferably sodium dithionite. Preferred Method: The mixing process is conducted at 20-80 (preferably 40-60) degrees C    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are stabilized with polyacrylic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: In the catalytic porous layer, the composition follows the formula ((BaaLabPrc)1-xSrx)N(Fe1-y-zCoyPdz)MOW. The mixed conducting material has a simple perovskite structure. The crystalline material additionally includes another crystalline material which is a pure oxide ionic conductor. The crystalline material or material is impregnated with Pd, Ag, Rh, and/or Pt at a rate less than or equal 1% by weight. The material or crystalline materials that integrate has a particle size of 0.1-3 microns. The material or crystalline materials that integrate has a specific surface area of 0.1-80 m2/g. It has a pore size of 0.05-20 microns, and a thickness of 5-80 microns, preferably 10-40 microns. The layer is supported on a pure ionic solid electrolyte. The support is a pure electrolyte oxygen ion or proton conductor. It is supported on a solid electrolyte that comprises: (i) cerium oxide or zirconium with fluorite-type structure and doped yttrium, scandium and other rare earth metals; (ii) mixed oxides of gallium, magnesium and lanthanum with simple perovskite structure; (iii) cerate, zirconate, titanate, or barium or strontium with simple perovskite structure, and doped yttrium, scandium and other rare earth; and rare earth tungstate, optionally doped with calcium. The operating temperature is 450-750 degrees C or 500-950 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The aquatic plants are duckweed or water hyacinth; and macroalgae or microalgae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process comprises transformation of the plant with a construction of recombinant DNA comprising the polynucleotide, under the transcriptional control of a suitable promoter. Preferred Components: The inhibition of the expression and/or activity of the SBP1 enzyme is obtained by mutagenesis of the gene coding for the enzyme. The allele is represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, where the sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published pct sequences/publication. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Enzyme S-ribonuclease binding protein 1 inhibitor.