NOVELTY - An article e.g. glass substrate (110) contains primary electrode (120), photoactive layer (140) and secondary electrode (160). The primary electrode contains layers (122,124). The layer (122) comprises metal (a) which is capable of forming n-type semiconducting metal oxide, and layer (124) contains metal (b) which is different from metal (a). The photoactive layer comprises primary metal oxide and a dye. The layer (122) is provided between the layer (124) and the photoactive layer. The photoactive layer is provided between the layer (122) and the secondary electrode.    USE - Article e.g. glass substrate is used for solid state dye sensitized photovoltaic cell. Uses include but are not limited to field effect transistor, photodetector, photovoltaic detector, camera or medical imaging system, organic light-emitting diode, infrared or near infrared light-emitting diode, lasing devices, amplifiers, holographic storage elements, electrochromic display, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic cell formed using article has improved open circuit voltage and efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An article e.g. glass substrate contains primary electrode, photoactive layer and secondary electrode. The primary electrode contains layers. The layer (122) comprises metal (a) which is capable of forming n-type semiconducting metal oxide, and layer (124) contains metal (b) which is different from metal (a). The photoactive layer comprises primary metal oxide and a dye. The primary metal oxide is n-type semiconducting metal oxide. The layer (122) is provided between the layer (124) and the photoactive layer. The photoactive layer is provided between the layer (122) and the secondary electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the solid state dye sensitized photovoltaic cell.    Glass substrate (110)    Primary electrode (120)    Layers (122,124)    Hole blocking layer (130)    Photoactive layer (140)    Hole carrier layer (150)    Secondary electrode (160)