TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode contains metallic lithium, lithium-containing alloy, metal or alloy which can be alloyed with lithium, oxide in which dope and dedope of lithium ion are possible, transition-metal nitride in which dope and dedope of lithium ion are possible, and/or carbon material in which dope and dedope of lithium ion are possible.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, the electrolyte comprises: (i) trialkylphosphite, trialkylphosphate, trialkylborate, dialkylsulfate and/or dialkylsulfite, chosen from trimethylphosphate, trimethylphosphite, trimethylborate, dimethylsulfate and dimethylsulfite; (ii) bivalent manganese salt chosen from manganese acetate (II), manganese sulfate (II), manganese benzoate (II), manganese carbonate (II), and manganese sulfate (II); (iii) fluorinated phosphate ester chosen from tri(trifluoromethyl)phosphate, tri(pentafluoroethyl)phosphate, and tri(trifluoroethyl)phosphate, and/or fluorinated phosphorous acid ester chosen from di(trifluoromethyl)phosphite and tri(trifluoromethyl)phosphite; (iv) crown ether chosen from 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6; (v) compound having 1,3,5-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine skeleton, of formula (3); (vi) azabicyclo compound of formula (4); (vii) pyridine derivative of formula (5), chosen from 2-t-butylpyridine, 2,6-di-t-butylpyridine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylpyridine, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylpyridine, 2-t-butyl-6-methylpyridine, 2-t-butyl-4-methylpyridine, 2-t-butyl-6-isopropylpyridine, 2-pentylpyridine, and 2-(3-pentyl)pyridine; (viii) cyclosiloxane compound of formula (6), fluorosilane compound of formula: SiFxR33pR34qR35r, siloxane compound of formula: A-O-Si(-R36)(-R38)-R37, compound having S-F bonding in a molecule, acetate, nitrate, monofluorophosphate, nitrite, difluorophosphate, and/or propionate, chosen from hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, trimethylsilylmethanesulfonate, phenyldimethylfluorosilane, and lithium difluorophosphate; (ix) pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine and/or pyrazine, preferably pyridine; (x) melamine (derivative), preferably melamine; (xi) N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and/or N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine; (xii) lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide; (xiii) lithium tetrafluoroborate, and/or halogenated methoxybenzene derivative of formula (7) chosen from 2,4-difluoro-1-methoxybenzene and 3,5-dichloro-1-methoxybenzene; (xiv) iminophosphine-containing compound of formula: -(-P(-OR51)(-OR52)=N-)t-, preferably of formula (8); (xv) compound having positive dielectric anisotropy, of formula: CyH2y+1-X'-CN; (xvi) succinic acid (derivative) and/or malonic acid (derivative) chosen from succinic acid, dimethylsuccinate, succinic anhydride, malonic acid, dimethylmalonate, and maleic acid anhydride; (xvii) lithium compound of formula (9); (xviii) lithium compound of formula (10); (xix) anion addition polymer monomer(s) chosen from isoprene, styrene, 2-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, butylacrylate, ethylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethylcinnamate, methylcinnamate, ionone, and myrcene; (xx) 1,3-propanesultone and/or 1,4-butanesultone; (xxi) lithium compound of formula (11), preferably of formula (12); (xxii) lithium compound of formula (13), preferably of formula (14); (xxiii) lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium sulfonylimide compound of formula: Li(CzF2z+1SO2)2N; (xxiv) lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium compound of formula: LiN(R81)(R82), chosen from lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide, and LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C2F5); or (xxv) 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (derivative) and/or nitrosamine compound, as component (A).R11-R13=linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, haloaryl, arylalkyl, furanylalkyl, tetrahydrofuranylalkyl, thienylalkyl, trialkylsilylalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, trifluoromethyl, acetyl, acetyloxy, trialkylsilyl, (trifluoromethyl)thio, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, fluorosulfonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkenyl;R14-R16=H, or linear or branched alkyl;or R14-R16=ring with R1, R2 or R3;k-m,x,p+q+r,v=1-3, preferably 2;R21-R25=H, 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 1-4C alkoxy, 6-10C aryloxy, 2-8C dialkylamino, 3-thienyl, cyano, fluoro, chloro, 1-6C alkoxycarbonyl, 6-10C arylcarbonyl, 1-12C alkylcarbonyl, 1-4C cyanoalkyl, 3-13C alkoxycarbonylalkyl, pyrrol-1-ylmethyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidino, phenyl (2 or more of R21-R25 are phenyl), 1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 2-12C alkoxyalkyl, 3-18C dialkylaminoalkyl, 6-10C aryloxy, arylalkyl (carbon number of aryl portion is 6-10, and carbon number of alkyl portion is 2-6), isothiocyano, 2-8C dialkylaminocarbonyl, 5-oxazolyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione group, 1-6C 1H-pyrrol-1-ylalkyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, nitro, 1-piperidinyl, 1-6C 1-alkylpyrrol-2-yl, 4-1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 2-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, morpholino, or 1-pyrrolin-2-yl, with at least one being substituent other than H;R41,R42,R33-R38=1-12C organic group;s=3-10;p-r=0-3;A=H, or group containing carbon atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, fluorine atom, sulfur atom, silicon atom, or phosphorus atom;X,R72=halo;R51,R52=linear or branched alkyl, cyclic saturated alkyl, or alkylene (all optionally substituted), or alkylene oxide;t=1-100;X'=phenyl benzoate, 1,1'-bi(cyclohexan)-3-ene, or 1,1'-biphenyl;y=1-12;X"=fluoro or trifluoromethyl;M=boron atom or phosphorus atom;u=0 or 1;R61,R71=1-10C (halo)alkylene or 6-10C (halo)arylene (both having substituent or heteroatom);a=1-4;b,z=1 or 2;R81=SO2Cx'F2x'+1;R82=SO2Cy'F2y'+1;andx'+y'=2 or more.When R21-R25 is H or alkyl, at least one of R21-R25 is 2C or more alkyl. The sum total carbon number of R21-R25 is 3 or more. The content of compounds (1,2,A) is 0.001-10 mass%, each. Preferred Compounds: The trialkylphosphite is trimethylphosphite, triethylphosphite, tri-n-propylphosphite, and/or tri-n-butylphosphite. Compound (1) is preferably 5H-1,2-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide.