TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil comprises at least one of aluminum, copper, iron, and alloys of aluminum, copper or iron. The metal foil has a thickness of 5-100 microns. The catalyst comprises at least one of iron, nickel and cobalt. The catalyst has a particle size of not more than 50 nanometers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The first conductive sheet, the layer of the substance and the second conductive sheet form a multi-layered stack, and the device further comprises a first insulating sheet and a second insulating sheet disposed on outer surfaces of the multi-layered stack respectively. The device is dimensioned to have a width and length that are much larger than the thickness, and where the device is rolled up or folded and then hermetically sealed to form an energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is a rechargeable battery or a capacitor, and the first and second conductive sheets are arranged to be connectable with respective terminals of an external electrical energy source or drain. The carbon nanotube layer is grown on the metal foil. The layer of the substance comprises a layer of a porous insulating film and an electrolyte substance disposed on surfaces of the porous insulating film. The electrolyte substance is a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. The carbon nanotubes are grown to a length of 10-100 microns. The energy converting unit comprises at least one of the photovoltaic cells. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube layer are at least partially aligned in a direction, the direction being at least nearly perpendicular to the surface of the metal foil. The process is carried out in a chemical vapor deposition system. The second energy storage unit is placed substantially parallel and adjacent to a surface of the first energy storage unit, and the at least one photovoltaic cells are placed substantially parallel and adjacent to another surface of the first energy storage unit. The first circuit is further configured to convert a low voltage electrical charge generated by the energy converting unit into a higher voltage electrical charge suitable for effectively transferring the electrical energy to the first energy storage unit. The second circuit is further configured to transfer electrical energy from an external energy source to the second energy storage unit if the external energy source is connected to the device, and to transfer at least part of the electrical energy stored in the first energy storage unit to the second energy storage unit if the external energy source is not connected to the device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride ((BMIM)(Cl)), 1-25% of cellulose and lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous insulating film is a membrane made of polyethylene-polypropylene. The electrolyte substance is a composite of a lithium salt and at least one polymers of ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.