TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises a solid acid of formula (MaHb(XOtA)c) (A), preferably cesium dihydrogen phosphate. The aqueous solution further comprises at least one of a catalyst, a carbon nanotube, and a surfactant. The catalyst is platinum, palladium, silver, gold, rhodium or iridium, preferably platinum black. The nanostructure material has a porosity of 10-90%. The nanostructure material comprises structural arms formed by the deposition of the nanoparticles, where the structural arms have at least one dimension of 1-1000 nm and each structural arm comprises the solid acid (A).M = metal cation having a charge of 1-2, preferably Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba;X = S, Se, P, As, Si or Ge;A = absent or H or F; anda, b, c, t = 1-10.Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a catalyst. The composition comprises water, methanol (50 mole%), cesium dihydrogen phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and platinum-black. Preferred Method: The method comprises, after spraying, precipitating the electrolyte from the aqueous solution to form nanoparticles prior to deposition on the substrate. The method comprises: spraying the aqueous solution from the capillary to the substrate, where the aqueous solution comprises cesium dihydrogen phosphate, methanol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; and applying an electrical bias between the capillary and the substrate, such that cesium dihydrogen phosphate precipitates from the aqueous solution to form nanoparticles that are deposited on the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous solution further comprises an alcohol, which is methanol (preferred), ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol. The aqueous solution comprises 1-90 mole% of methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol. EXAMPLE - Electrolyte material comprising cesium dihydrogen phosphate was redissolved into water or a methanol-water mixture at a concentration of 10-20 g/l to serve as the electrospray solution. The methanol to water molar ratio was 0:1-1:1. Various fauns of platinum and carbon were added to the solution. The solids loadings in the solutions were 5 g/l for the platinum black and platinum on carbon, and less than 1 mg/l for multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (20 g/l) was added and the solution continuously sonicated during electrospray deposition. The solution entered the deposition chamber (at a controlled flow rate of 5-15 mu l/minute) via a stainless steel capillary. The capillary tip was machined to a point with a half-angle of 45 degrees , less than the Taylor cone half-angle of 49.3 degrees . The sharpened end of the capillary opposes a heated aluminum pedestal, placed at a distance of 3 cm, onto which the substrate was mounted. A positive bias of 4.5-5.5 kV was applied between the capillary and the pedestal. The housing was heated independently of the pedestal. Two inlet and one outlet port in the housing accommodated flowing nitrogen, used as the drying gas. The gas was preheated to enhance the rate of solvent evaporation and was supplied at a flow rate of 1000 seem to obtain an electrosprayed carbon paper substrate.