TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process additionally comprises: combusting a portion of the gaseous mixture to produce the flue gas; providing the flue gas, cooled by transfer of heat to the gaseous mixture, to the dryer for moisture extraction; combusting a portion of the relatively wet biomass fuel in a lower chamber of a combustion unit to support combustion of the gaseous mixture in an upper chamber of the combustion unit; maintaining the combusted biomass in an upper chamber of the combustion unit for sufficient time to eliminate all organic compounds, particulates, and other hydrocarbons resulting from the combustion of the biomass; combusting a gaseous supplemental fuel in the upper chamber to provide additional thermal energy for combustion of the gaseous mixture; controlling flow of the heated gaseous mixture into an upper chamber of a torrefaction reactor and into a second chamber of a torrefaction reactor to maintain the upper chamber 482 degrees C (900 degrees F) and the lower chamber between 250-300 degrees C (482-572 degrees F); maintaining the lower chamber of the torrefaction reactor at a lower pressure than the upper chamber. The extracting moisture from the relatively wet biomass fuel includes extracting 80% of the moisture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The torrefaction reactor further includes a segregation barrier configured to maintain different thermal profiles in the upper chamber and the lower chamber. The segregation barrier is further configured to enable co-current flow of gases from the upper chamber of the torrefaction reactor to the lower chamber. The torrefaction reactor further comprises entry ports coupled to a damper system, the damper system configured to supply and maintain a gas mixture temperature into the upper chamber to remain at 482 degrees C (900 degrees F) and the temperature in the lower chamber to between 250-300 degrees C (482-572 degrees F). The combustion unit comprises an upper chamber configured to combust the gaseous mixture and a supplemental fuel to produce the flue gas and a lower chamber configured to combust a portion of the relatively wet biomass fuel to support production of the flue gas in the upper chamber. The temperature in the upper chamber is 871 degrees C (1600 degrees F). The dryer is a triple pass rotary drum dryer. The dryer is configured to remove 80% of the moisture from the relatively wet biomass fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.