TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic solvent comprises ammonia, sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, sulfuryl chloride fluoride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus tribromide, dinitrogen tetroxide, antimony trichloride, bromine pentafluoride, and/or hydrogen fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises non-polar solvent, polar aprotic solvent and/or polar protic solvent, preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, chloro- hydrocarbon, fluoro-hydrocarbon, ketone, paraffin, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetonitrile, alkyne, olefin, aniline, benzene, benzonitrile, benzyl alcohol, benzyl ether, butanol, butanone, butyl acetate, butyl ether, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, butyronitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chlorobutane, chloroform, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentyl methyl ether, diacetone alcohol, dichloroethane, dichloromethane, diethyl carbonate, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol, diglyme, di-isopropylamine, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylamine, dimethylbutane, dimethylether, dimethylformamide, dimethylpentane, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxane, dodecafluoro-1-hepatanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethylene dichloride, ethylene glycol, formamide, formic acid, glycerine, heptane, hexafluoroisopropanol, hexamethylphosphoramide, hexamethylphosphorous triamide, hexane, hexanone, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, i-butyl acetate, i-butyl alcohol, i-butyl formate, i-butylamine, i-octane, i-propyl acetate, i-propyl ether, isopropanol, isopropylamine, ketone peroxide, methanol and calcium chloride solution, methanol, methoxyethanol, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl formate, methyl n-butyrate, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl t-butyl ether, methylene chloride, methylene, methylhexane, methylpentane, mineral oil, m-xylene, n-butanol, n-decane, n-hexane, nitrobenzene, nitroethane, nitromethane, nitropropane, 2-, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, n-propanol, octafluoro-1-pentanol, octane, pentane, pentanone, petroleum ether, phenol, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propionitrile, propyl acetate, propyl ether, propyl formate, propylamine, p-xylene, pyridine, pyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide, sodium, t-butanol, t-butyl alcohol, t-butyl methyl ether, tetrachloroethane, tetrafluoropropanol, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydronaphthalene, toluene, triethyl amine, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, trifluoropropanol, trimethylbutane, trimethylhexane, trimethylpentane, valeronitrile, water, xylene and/or xylenol. The ionic solution comprises choline chloride, urea, malonic acid, phenol, glycerol, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridnium, N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, ammonium, choline, imidazolium, phosphonium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, sulfonium, 1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidinium methyl carbonate, and 4-ethyl-4-methylmorpholinium methyl carbonate. The other methylimidazolium solution comprises 1-ethyl-( beta )- methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-1,1,1-(trifluoro-N-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide and/or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The particles are disposed in the fluid is gas, liquid, and/or supercritical fluid. The fluid comprises solvent, aqueous solution, ionic solution, non-polar solvent, organic solvent, polar solvent, aprotic solvent, protic solvent, inorganic solvent, ionic fluid, oil, surfactant, cross-linking agent, stabilizer, polymerization initiator, water, aqueous solutions, organic solvents, inorganic solvents, ionic solutions, solutions comprising salts and/or volatile component. The fluid further comprises ethylheptyl-di-(1-methylethyl)ammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, N,N,N-tributyl-1-octanaminium trifluoromethanesulfonate, tributyloctylammonium triflate, tributyloctylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N,N,N-tributyl-1-hexanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, tributylhexylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methane sulfonamide, tributylhexylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tributylhexylammonium-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, tributylhexylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, N,N,N-tributyl-1-heptanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, tributylheptylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, tributylheptylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tributylheptylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide, tributylheptylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, N,N,N-tributyl-1-octanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, tributyloctylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, tributyloctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tributyloctylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide, tributyloctylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-butylpyridinium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butylpyridinium bis ((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, 1-butylpyridinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, hexyltrimethylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, hexyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, hexyltrimethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, hexyltrimethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, N,N,N-trimethyl-1-heptanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, heptyltrimethylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, heptyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, heptyltrimethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, heptyltrimethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, N,N,N-trimethyl-1-octanaminium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, trimethyloctylammonium-1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, trimethyloctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, trimethyloctylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) amide, trimethyloctylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide and/or, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate. The particles comprise functional agent, silver, silver oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, chlorhexidine, iodophor, triclosan, nisin, lactoferrin, sodium diacetate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarsine, amine-neutralized phosphate, zinc-2-pyridinethianol-1-oxide, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octy-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1, CAPTAN (RTM: N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide), and FOLPET (RTM: thiophthalimide compound), copper, copper oxide, silver glass, copper glass, zinc glass, silver zeolite, copper zeolite, zinc zeolite, ion exchange particles, silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate, silver, copper or zinc including their oxides in nanoparticles or microparticles form, and/or electrically conductive material, diamond, graphene, germanium silicon, aluminum arsenide, aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphide, aluminum antimonide, barium sulfide, boron nitride, boron phosphide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cuprous oxide, copper sulfide, copper chloride, cupric-oxide gallium-arsenide, gallium-arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium antimonide, indium arsenide, indium nitride, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, platinum-silicon, silicon carbide, silicon-germanium, tin sulfide, tin telluride, titania, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, aluminum-gallium arsenide, aluminum-gallium nitride, aluminum indium arsenide, aluminum indium antimonide, cadmium zinc telluride, gallium arsenic nitride, gallium arsenic phosphide, mercury cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, mercury zinc selenide, mercury zinc telluride, indium arsenic antimonide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium nitride, indium gallium phosphide, indium gallium antimonide, indium tin telluride, copper-indium-gallium selenide, carbon nanotube and/or quantum heterostructure, piezochromic, chemichromic, photochromic, magnetochromic, stress chromic, radiochromic, thermochromic, and multichromic agents, including polyalkylbenzoindolinospiro naphthoxazine, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane, benzoindolinospiropyran, triarylmethane leuco dye, metal dithionate, 1',3'-dihydro-1',3'3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole), crystal violet, cresolphthalein, bromocresol green, methyl red, thymolphthalein, malachite green, alizarin red, phloxine B, 2'-(bisphenylmethyl)amino-6-(diethylamino)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one, crystal violet lactone, rosaniline(3,3-bis(4-amino-phenyl)-6-aminophthalide), 3,3-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-dimethyl aminophthalide, 2-anilino-3-methyl-6-diethyl-amino fluoran, 3-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-3-(di(4-octyl)phenylamino)-t-(3H)-isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(1-butyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)phthalide, triaryl imidazole dimers of bis-2,4,5-triaryl imidazole, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaphenyl bisimidazole, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa-p-tolyl bisimidazole, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa-p-chlorophenyl bisimidazole, 2,2'-di-p-chlorophenyl-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl bisimidazole, 2,2'-di-p-anisyl-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl bisimidazole, 2,2'-di-p-tolyl-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl bisimidazole, helianthrone, mesonaphthobianthrone, bistetraphenyl pyrrole, xanthylidene anthrone, dixanthylene, bianthrone, fulgide, triaryl methane leuco- cyanide, triaryl methane leucohydroxide, triaryl methane leucobisulfite, silver halide, oxazine, naphthopyran, nitrospiropyran, triarylmethane, stilbene, azastilbene, nitrone, spiropyran, spiro-oxazine, quinine, and/or hexaarylbiimidazole, germanium, titania, silicon, alumina, calcium fluoride, zinc sulfide, gallium arsenide, zinc selenide, potassium chloride, indium tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, benzophenone, benzotriazole, hindered amine light stabilizer, cyanoacrylate, salicyl-type compound, nickel, lead, palladium, bismuth, gold, barium, steel, uranium and/or mercury. The functional agent comprises antimicrobial agent, biocidal agent, insulator, conductor, semiconductor, catalyst, fluorescent agent, flavor agent, catalytic agent, biomolecule binding agent, chemical binding agent, label, lubricant, fragrance, adsorber of chemicals, biomolecules, or electromagnetic radiation, scatterer of electromagnetic radiation, fire-retarder, capsule, encapsulant, color or cosmetic agent, radiopaque agent and/or radioactive agent. The electroconductive material comprises carbon nanotube, metal, nanowire, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyarylene, polythiophene, graphene, pentacene, poly(phenylene ethynylene), poly(phenylene vinylene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene), poly(arylene ether sulfone), poly(C-61-butyric acid- methyl ester), and/or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). The fluid is combined with surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, or thickening agent chosen from agar-agar, methyl cellulose, polysilicic acid, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate, alginate, silica, zeolite, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium butyl sulfate, styrenebutadienestyrene, Triton X-100 (RTM: nonionic surfactant), xanthum gum, lecithin, alginin, guar gum, locust bean gum, other gums, polyethylene glycol, other glycol, calcium carbonate, polyacrylic acid, alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), alkylphenol poly(ethylene oxide), copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), oleic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, calcium chloride, silica, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, cocamide, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, polysorbate, other surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol, and/or polyglucoside. The working composition comprises polymer, comprises wood, glass, monomer, polymer, metal, alloy, mineral and/or ceramic, biopolymer, natural polymer, sugars, amino acids, proteins, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, living tissue, dead tissue, living cell, dead cell, or other biological material. Preferred Components: The polymer is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyarylate, polyester, polysulfone, polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, polyvinylidene, fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, polylactic acid, nitrile, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, phenoxy, phenylene ether/oxide, plastisol, organosol, plastarch material, polyacetal, aromatic polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyarylether, polyetherimide, polyarylsulfone, polybutylene, polycarbonate, polyketone, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene, polystyrene, styrene maleic anhydride, polyaryl diglycol carbonate monomer, bismaleimide, polyallyl phthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane, high density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, Tritan (RTM: copolyester), PETG, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated polymers, epoxy, melamine, silicone and/or urea. The biological material is chosen from bamboo, bio-derived polyethylene, burlap, canvas, carbodiimide, cartilage, cellophane, celluloid, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, cellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, chitin, chitosan, coir, collagen, connective tissue, copper phthalocyanine, cotton cellulose, cuprammonium, sugar, aminoacid, protein, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, biopolymer, elastin, epithelium, feathers, fibrin, fingernails, flax, fur, glycosaminoglycans, ground tissue, hair, hemp, jute, kenaf, keratin, leather, linen, linen, hyaluronic acid, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, nitrocellulose, osseous tissue, paper, papyrus, parchment, periosteum, plastarch, poly(propylene fumarate), poly(vinylidene fluoride- trifluoroethylene), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate polyester, polyamide, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, polyglycolide, polylactic acid, polylactide acid plastics, polyphenylene vinylene, raffia, rayon, rice, silk, sisal, starch, starch-based plastics, toenails, vascular tissue, vinylidene fluoride, viscose, wood, wool, and/or monomer or copolymer. Preferred Property: The particles has average cross-sectional dimension of 0.1-10 nm, 0.1-100 nm, 10-100 nm, 100-500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron, 1 mu m to 20 microns, 20-100 microns, or 0.1 nm to 100 microns.