TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron donor is a metal hydride, a metal aluminohydride, a metal borohydride, a metal aluminoborohydride, or a metal polymer. The separator conducts the electron donor metal ions between the soluble negative anode and the cathode; and is impermeable to the first solvent of the negative soluble anode. The separator is an anion conductor, a cation conductor or a cation and anion mixed conductor. The separator has electronic conductivity of less than 10-15 Siemens/cm; a thickness of 50 mu m to 10 mm, preferably 100-200 mu m. The separator can be ceramic, glass, polymer, and/or gel. The separator comprises organic polymer, electron donor metal, oxide glass, oxynitride glass, sulfide glass, oxysulfide glass, metal halide doped glass, crystalline ceramic electrolyte, perovskite, sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) type phosphate, lithium super ionic conductor (LISICON) type oxide, metal halide, metal nitride, metal phosphide, metal sulfide, metal sulfate, silicate, aluminosilicate, or boron phosphate. The soluble anode further comprises a supporting electrolyte of formulae MXn, MOq, MY'q, or M(R)n and comprising a metal at least partially dissolved in the solvent. The active positive electrode material is a fluoroorganic material, a fluoropolymer, thionyl chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, metal compound of formula M1Xp, water, oxygen, manganese dioxide, carbon fluoride of formula CFx, nickel oxyhydroxide, silver oxide, iron disulfide, cupric oxide, silver vanadium oxide (AgV2O5.5), hydrogen peroxide, metal phosphate of formula M1M2y(PO4)z, or metal oxide of formula M1M2yOx.M=metal;X=-F, -Cl, -Br, or -I;Y'=-S, -Se, or -Te;R=carboxy, alcoholate, alkoxide, ether oxide, acetate, formate, or carbonate;n=1, 2, or 3;q=greater than 0.3 but less than 3;M1=electron donor metal;M2=transition metal or combination of transition metals;p=3-6;y=greater than 0 to 2;x=1-4; andz=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electron donor metal is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, carbon, silicon, germanium, lanthanum, europium, strontium, or their alloy. The electron donor metal is a metal other than lithium. The soluble anode further comprises a current collector provided in contact with the solvent; and a source of the electron donor metal, the electron acceptor or the solvent operationally connected to the solvent. The current collector comprises porous carbon, a nickel metal grid, a nickel metal mesh, a nickel metal foam, a copper metal grid, a copper metal mesh, a copper metal foam, a titanium metal grid, a titanium metal mesh, a titanium metal foam, a molybdenum metal grid, a molybdenum metal mesh, or a molybdenum metal foam. The concentration of the electron donor metal ions in the solvent is greater than 0.1 M, preferably 0.1-10 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The concentration of the electron acceptor in the solvent is 0.1-15 M. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is azulene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluorene, phenalene, phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)phenanthrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, pyrene, tetracene, triphenylene anthanthrene, benzopyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi)perylene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, corannulene, coronene, dicoronylene, helicene, heptacene, hexacene, ovalene, pentacene, picene, perylene, or tetraphenylene. The solvent is water, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, ethanol, chloroform, ether, dimethyl ether, benzene, propanol, acetic acid, alcohol, isobutylacetate, n-butyric acid, ethyl acetate, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl formate, ethylamine, isopropyl amine, hexamethylphosphotriamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetralkylurea, and/or triphenylphosphine oxide. The organo radical reacts via a charge transfer, partial electron transfer, or full electron transfer reaction with the electron donor metal to form an organometallic reagent. The organo radical is an alkyl radical, an allyl radical, an amino radical, an imido radical or a phosphino radical. The organo radical is preferably a butyl radical or an acetyl radical.