TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The transition metal and noble metal are chosen from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, zinc, iridium, potassium and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The heterocyclic 5-membered ring containing nitrogen is chosen from pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, tellurazole, isotellurazole, selenazole, isoselenazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, furazan and triazole. The heterocyclic 5-membered ring containing oxygen, sulfur and selenium is dioxane, thiophene and selenophene, respectively. The heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing nitrogen is chosen from pyridine, pyrimidine, piperidine, pyrazine, piperazine, pyridazine, selenomorpholine and morpholine. The heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing oxygen is chosen from pyrane and dioxene. The heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing sulfur is chosen from thiopyran, trithiane and thioxane. The heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing selenium is selenine. The condensed ring is chosen from quinazoline, isoquinoline, quinoline, naphthyridine, acridine, benzoquinoline, phenanthroline, quinoxaline, indole, indoline, indazole, carbazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, pyrrolo pyridine, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, phenoxathiin, dibenzofuran, dibenzodioxin, methylene dioxybenzene, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and thianthrene. The organic structure is chosen from benzene, annulene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic polycyclic compound, or derivative of heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring or its condensed ring. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is chosen from acene, phenanthrene, chrysene, triphenylene, tetraphene, pyrene, picene, pentaphene, perylene, helicene and coronene. The acene is chosen from naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene and pentacene. The aromatic polycyclic compound is chosen from biphenyl, triphenylmethane and acepleiadylene. The organic structure contains alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkynyl. Preferred Ion: The anion group contains carboxylic acid anion, sulfate anion, sulfonate anion, sulfurous acid anion, thiosulfuric acid anion, carbonate anion, chromic acid anion, dichromic acid anion, phosphoric acid mono hydrogen anion and phosphoric acid anion. Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst further contains electroconductive imparting agent and electroconductive support in which polymer is supported. The solution contains oxidizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The principal chain or side chain of organic polymer has substituent of vinyl group or alkyl group. The principal chain, side chain or substituent of organic polymer has substituent of halogen or sulfonic acid group. The principal chain, side chain or substituent of organic polymer, and heterocyclic 5-membered ring, heterocyclic 6-membered ring or their condensed ring have substituent chosen from amino group, imino group, carboxy group, hydroxy group, oxime group, ketone group, aldehyde group, thiol group, phosphine group, arsine, selenide, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group and dithio carbonate. The principal chain, side chain or substituent of organic polymer contains counterion.