NOVELTY - The method for producing two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics composed of nanofibers (7) by electrospinning, where a predefined conductive template is used as collector for producing the nonwoven fabrics in any form with covering- or depositing grade of nanofibers of more than 60%, comprises pre-determining the structure of the nonwoven fabrics to be produced through template (8). The nonwoven fabrics, whose structure corresponds to the template are separated from the template.    USE - Method for producing two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics composed of nanofibers by electrospinning useful in filter, filter part, electric- and optoelectronic application, microelectronics, electronics, photovoltaic, optic, photovoltaic application, semiconductor polymer for polymer electronics, field effect transistor, computer-chips, monitor, shield against electromagnetic interference and communication network, for the application for storage medium with high data density, magnetic sensor and magnetic composite, in sensor, as component or coating of textiles for technical, medical or household component of composite material, as component of ultralight nanocomposite, in biotechnological application, corrosion protection, as semiconductor, in medicinal and pharmaceutical area, transport and releasing of material, as protective tube for the regeneration of blood vessels, esophagus and nerves, protective tube with pharmaceutically active substances, for surface modification of implants, transport and separation, for the application in the wound healing and/or as wound bearing, as wound plaster wit specific material for the treatment of chronic diseases, as porous membrane and temporary skin replacement, in hyperthermal treatment, as bioelectrolytic system, as carrier for catalyst for catalytic process, material storage, fuel cell and ceramic material.    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures simple and efficient production of two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method for producing two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics composed of nanofibers (7) by electro spinning, where a predefined conductive template is used as collector for producing the nonwoven fabrics in any form with covering- or depositing grade of nanofibers of more than 60%, comprises pre-determining the structure of the nonwoven fabrics to be produced through template (8). The nonwoven fabrics, whose structure corresponds to the template are separated from the template, which is usable for further electrospinning process after the reception of the nonwoven fabrics. A polymer solution or polymer melt is used for the production of structured nonwoven fabrics from nanofiber. The polymer is natural and synthetic polymer and/or copolymer consisting of two different monomers. The mixing of polymer- solution or melt is carried out under stirring, under the effect of ultrasound or under the effect of heat. The concentration of polymer in the solution or the melt is 2-10 wt.%. Nanoparticles with different dimensional stability is mixed before spinning in the polymer solution or melt and subsequently subjected with polymer as nanocomposite-nanofiber on the template. The metal and/or semiconductor is mixed with color pigment, catalyst, pharmaceutical material, enzyme, antiviral and/or antibacterial material, biological substances as nanoparticles before spinning in the polymer solution or melt and subsequently subjected with the polymer on the template. The nonwoven fabrics are modified by chemical and/or physical process. The surface modification of the fiber is carried out by coating or radiating with energetic radiation, deep temperature plasma and chemical reagents. The modification of the nanofiber in the fiber is carried out through covering the nanofiber, gas phase deposition, sputtering, spin coating, dip-coating, spraying, plasma deposition, sol-gel-process or atomic layer deposition. The removal of the polymer material (99%) is carried out at 10-900 degrees C and 0.001 mbar to 1 bar. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a nanofiber or two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics; and    (2) a device for producing two- and three-dimensionally structured microporous and nanoporous nonwoven fabrics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of an electrospinning process with template.    Spinning capillary (3)    Counter electrode (5)    Voltage production device (6)    Nanofibers (7)    Template. (8)