TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode further comprises an oxygen reduction catalyst provided in physical contact with the solvent and the current collector, where the oxygen reduction catalyst is provided as an outer layer of the current collector exposed to the solvent. The oxygen reduction catalyst comprises a transition metal, a transition metal alloy, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal nitride, a transition metal carbide, a transition metal silicide, a noble metal, an organometallic compound, a cobalt porphyrin, a conjugated polymer, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polythiophene, cobalt phthalocyanine, (5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrinato)cobalt(II), and/or ferrocene. The metal oxide is of formula (MyOx). The electron donor metal is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, carbon, silicon, germanium, lanthanum, europium, cerium, strontium, barium or their alloys; or a metal other than lithium. The metal oxide dissolution enhancer comprises: an anion receptor; crown ether; cation receptor; a lithium salt dissolved in an organic or inorganic solvent; an ionically conducting polymer; an ionic liquid; a fused lithium salt; a lithium salt dissolved in a linear or cyclic ester, a linear or cyclic ether, acetonitrile and/or gamma -butyrolactone; a lithium salt dissolved in methyl formate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and/or propylene carbonate; a lithium salt dissolved in dimethoxyethane and/or dioxolanes; lithium and a complex anion; lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate; lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate; lithium tetrafluoroborate in gamma -butyrolactone; lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate; 15-crown-5 ether; sodium hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile; propylene carbonate in 12-crown-4 ether; and/or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The current collector comprises porous carbon, a nickel metal grid, a nickel metal mesh, a nickel metal foam, a copper metal grid, a copper metal mesh, a copper metal foam, a titanium metal grid, a titanium metal mesh, a titanium metal foam, a molybdenum metal grid, a molybdenum metal mesh, or a molybdenum metal foam. The electrode further comprises a port in fluid connection with the current collector for providing or removing the solvent, the metal oxide dissolution enhancer and/or the fluorinated or metalloprotein oxygen dissolution enhancer. The concentration of the metal oxide dissolution enhancer is greater than 0.01 M, preferably 0.01-15 M. Preferred Method: The method of charging an electrochemical generator, comprises: providing the electrochemical generator; selecting a charging voltage and/or current for charging the electrochemical generator; and providing the selected voltage and/or current to the electrodes of the electrochemical generator to charge the electrochemical generator. In the method of charging the electrochemical generator, the voltage and/or current provided to the electrochemical generator is pre-selected according to the number of charge/discharges cycles the electrochemical generator has experienced.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the electrochemical generator: the metal ions are released from the negative electrode and stored by the positive electrode, during discharge of the electrochemical generator; and the metal ions are released from the positive electrode and stored by the negative electrode, during charging of the electrochemical generator.M = an electron donor metal;y = 1-3;x = 1-4;m, n = 1-10;z = 0.01-2;a = 1-20;c = 2-42; andp, q = 2-41.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, or an organic solvent including an alkyl carbonate, ether and/or ester. The fluorinated or metalloprotein oxygen dissolution enhancer is a fluorinated ether, fluorinated ester, fluorinated carbonate, fluorinated carbon material, fluorinated blood substitute and/or metalloprotein. The fluorinated or metalloprotein oxygen dissolution enhancer is: a fluorinated ether of formula (Cm+nH2m+1F2n+1O); a fluorinated ester of formula (Cm+nH2m+1F2n+1C(O)O); a fluorinated carbonate of formula (Cm+nH2m+1F2n+1CH(CO3)); a fluorinated carbon material, which is a solid state material of formula (CFz); a fluorinated blood substitute including a fluorocarbon of formula (CaFc) or a hydrofluorocarbon of formula (CaFpHq). The fluorinated ether is 1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 2-fluoromethoxy-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-methoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2-methoxy-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-difluoromethoxy-2,2-difluoroethane, 2-methoxy-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1-difluoro-2-methoxyethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)propane, 1-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane, 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)propane, 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane, 1-(1,1-difluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 3-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-methoxypropane, 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 2-ethoxy-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-ethoxyethane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methoxypropane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methoxypropane, 1-ethoxy-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(pentafluoroethoxy)propane, 2-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane, 2,3-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)oxetane, 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and/or 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane. The fluorinated blood substitute is perfluorodecalin, and is present as an emulsion in the solvent. The metalloprotein is an iron-protein including hemoglobin. The concentration of the fluorinated or metalloprotein oxygen dissolution enhancer is greater than 0.01 M, preferably 0.01-15 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated or metalloprotein oxygen dissolution enhancer is a fluorinated polymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, a polymethylene-type perfluoro rubber having substituents including either fluoro, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy groups on the polymer chain, a polymethylene-type fluororubber having fluoro and perfluoroalkoxy substituent groups in the main chain, polyvinylfluoride, perfluoropolyether, and/or Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.