TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Device: The organic layer of the organic electroluminescent device comprises at least one organic electroluminescent compound selected from the compounds (I), and at least one host selected from (Ar31)g-L21-(Ar32)h (VI), and (Ar33)i-L22-(Ar34)j (VII); at least one compound selected from arylamine compounds and styrylarylamine compounds; and at least one metal selected from organic metals of Group 1, Group 2, 4th period and 5th period transition metals, lanthanide metals and d-transition elements in the Periodic Table of Elements.L21=6-60C arylene, or 4-60C heteroarylene;L22=anthracenylene;Ar31 to Ar34=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, 1-60C alkyloxy, halo, 4-60C heteroaryl, 5-60C cycloalkyl, or 6-60C aryl;g, h, i and j=0-4.The cycloalkyl, and (hetero)aryl of Ar31 to Ar34 are optionally further substituted by at least one substituent selected from 6-60C aryl, 4-60C heteroaryl (both having at least one substituent selected from deuterium, 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent(s)), 1-60C alkyloxy, 3-60C cycloalkyl, halo, cyano, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl-6-60C-arylsilyl, and tri(6-60C)arylsilyl); 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent(s)); 1-60C alkyloxy, 3-60C cycloalkyl, deuterium, halo, cyano, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl-6-60C-arylsilyl, and tri(6-60C)arylsilyl. The organic layer comprises an electroluminescent layer and a charge generating layer. A mixed region of reductive dopant and organic substance, or a mixed region of oxidative dopant and organic substance is placed on the inner surface of one or both electrode(s) among the pair of electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic electroluminescent compound (I) is of formula (Ia).L1 and L2=chemical bond, 1-60C alkylenoxy, 1-60C alkylenethio, 6-60C arylenoxy, 6-60C arylenethio, 6-60C arylene, or 3-60C heteroarylene;Ar1 and Ar2=T1, NR11R12, or a substituent selected from groups of formulae (i) to (xii).The (hetero)arylene of the groups L1 and L2; and the alkyl, (hetero)aryl, (hetero)cycloalkyl, trialkylsilyl, dialkylarylsilyl, triarylsilyl, adamantyl, bicycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and arylcarbonyl of Ar1 and Ar2, are optionally further substituted by at least one substituent selected from T1 where 1-60C alkyl is optionally substituted by halo substituent(s) and 3-60C heteroaryl is optionally substituted by 6-60C aryl substituent(s); 1-60C alkylamino, and 6-60C arylamino. Preparation (disclosed): No general method for preparation of the compounds (I) is given. Full Definitions:    R101 to R104=T1, 1-60C alkylamino, or 6-60C arylamino;or    R101 to R104 optionally linked to adjacent substituent via 3-60C alkylene or 3-60C alkenylene optionally with a fused ring=alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    Ar11 and Ar12=1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, 4-60C heteroaryl, 6-60C arylamino, 1-60C alkylamino, 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, or 3-60C cycloalkyl;or    Ar11 and Ar12 optionally linked via 3-60C alkylene or 3-60C alkenylene optionally with a fused ring=alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    d=1, or 2;    Ar13=T2, or T3;    T2=6-60C aryl, 4-60C heteroaryl, or aryl of formula (xiii), R110-C?=C-Ar22- (xiv), or aryl of formula (xv);    T3=6-60C arylene, 4-60C heteroarylene, or arylene of formula (xiiia), -C?=C-Ar22- (xiva), or arylene of formula (xva);    Ar21 and Ar22=6-60C arylene, or 4-60C heteroarylene;    R110, R111 and R112=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, or 6-60C aryl;    e=1-4;    f=0 or 1;    M1=a group consisting of metals from Group 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements;    ligands L101, L102 and L103=a group selected from groups of formulae (xvi) to (xxxxi);    R201 to R203=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent(s)), 6-60C aryl (optionally substituted by 1-60C alkyl substituent(s)), or halo;    R204 to R219=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, 1-30C alkyloxy, 3-60C cycloalkyl, 2-30C alkenyl, 6-60C aryl, mono or di(1-30C)alkylamino, mono or di(6-30C)arylamino, SF5, tri(1-30C)alkylsilyl, di(1-30C) alkyl-(6-30C)arylsilyl, tri(6-30C)arylsilyl, cyano, or halo;    R220 to R223=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent(s)), or 6-60C aryl (optionally substituted by 1-60C alkyl substituent(s));    R224 and R225=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, or halo;or    R224+R225 linked via 3-12C alkylene or 3-12C alkenylene optionally with a fused ring=alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    R226=1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, 5-60C heteroaryl, or halo;    R227 to R229=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, or halo;    Q'=a group of formula -C(R301)( R302)-, -C(R303)( R304)-C(R305)( R306)-, or -C(R307)( R308)-C(R309)( R310)-C(R311)( R312)-;    R301 to R312=H, deuterium, 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent(s)), 1-30C alkyloxy, halo, 6-60C aryl, cyano, or 5-60C cycloalkyl;or    each of R301 to R312 optionally linked to adjacent substituent via alkylene or alkenylene=5-7C spiro ring, or 5-9C fused ring;or    each of R301 to R312 linked to R207 or R208 via alkylene or alkenylene=5-7C fused ring.    The alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, (hetero)cycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, arylsilyl, alkylsilyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylthio, alkylamino and arylamino of R101 to R104, and alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring formed from them; the alkyl, (hetero)aryl, arylamino, alkylamino, and (hetero)cycloalkyl of Ar11 and Ar12; the (hetero)aryl, and (hetero)arylene of Ar13; the (hetero)arylene of Ar21 and Ar22; and the alkyl, and aryl of R110 to R112, are optionally further substituted by at least one substituent selected from T1, 1-60C alkylamino, and 6-60C arylamino. The (cyclo)alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl of R204 to R219 are optionally further substituted by at least one substituent selected from deuterium, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, and halo. The alkyl, and aryl of R224 and R225, and alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring formed from them are further are optionally further substituted by at least one substituent selected from 1-60C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo substituent (s)), 1-30C alkyloxy, deuterium, halo, tri(1-30C)alkylsilyl, tri(6-30C)arylsilyl, and 6-60C aryl. The alkyl and aryl of R226 to R229 are optionally further substituted by halo, or 1-60C alkyl substituent(s). Provided that:    (1) when Ar13 is T2, then d is 1; and    (2) when Ar13 is T3, then d is 2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds i.e. 5,8-diphenyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene, and N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene-5,8-diamine of formula (Ib), are disclosed as the compound (I).    EXAMPLE - Under nitrogen atmosphere, a reaction vessel was charged with 5,8-dibromo-benzo(c)phenanthrene (10 g), diphenylamine (10.96 g), palladium acetate (II) (290 mg, 1.29 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.64 ml, 2.59 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (7.47 g, 77.7 mmol), and toluene solvent (200 ml) was added to it. The mixture was stirred under reflux at 120 degrees C for 3 hours. When the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched by adding water, and was worked up to give N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-benzo(c)phenanthrene-5,8-diamine (9 g, 62%).