NOVELTY - Nanoscale architecture of anode materials and anode formation for producing lithium-ion battery, comprises forming aligned metal nanorods on a metallic substrate, such that the metal nanorods form a binder and additive free layer of metal having a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.5 mu m.    USE - Nanoscale architecture of anode materials and anode formation for producing lithium-ion battery, i.e. lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, useful in applications, which require high energy and power density with respect e.g. to portable electronics, communication devices, and electric and hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The anode provides lithium-ion battery, which demonstrates higher energy storage capacity and has greater capability to accommodate the volume expansion and contraction during repeated charging and discharging. Aligned metal nanostructures, such as free standing aluminum nanoscale column i.e. nanorods can be grown on metal current collectors directly as an anode without having to mix or paste binders, conductive additives, and active materials together. The free standing metal nanorod anodes, which result in higher energy storage capacity, can be made with reduced complexity compared to traditional anode fabrication, allows designs, which are more resistant to redox reaction related volume expansion, and allows for more rapid charging and discharging of resulting batteries. Without using volatile organic solvents, the one-step fabrication of anodes of metal and metal oxide nanorods offers a low cost and an environmentally sound productive process benefit to battery manufacturers. The lithium-ion rechargeable battery has four fold higher capacity than carbon anode lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The anode has rod-like nanostructure in which spaces between the rods accommodate redox reaction related volume expansion and contraction, such that the metal and metal oxide nanostructured anode has lower stress and longer cycle life. The substrate metals that can form the compounds or have solubility with the metals or metal oxides to be deposited on as the free-standing nanostructures will have strong adhesion and prevent the free-standing nanostructure from peel-off during multiple charge-discharge cycles, contributing to sustainable high capacity. Metal alloys used to form the nanorod do not react with the electrolyte as carbon-containing anodes do, providing improved safety.