TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion comprises halide, aluminum chloride and fluorine ion, phosphorus ion and sulfur ion, tetrafluoro borate, hexafluorophosphate and trifluoromethyl sulfonate. The hydroxide of alkali metal is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The hydroxide of alkaline-earth metal is beryllium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and/or barium hydroxide. The oxide of alkali metal is lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide. The oxide of alkaline-earth metal is beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and/or barium oxide. The carbonate of alkali metal is lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate. The carbonate of alkaline-earth metal is beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate and/or barium carbonate. The oxide of transition metal is ferric oxide, ruthenium oxide, osmium oxide, copper oxide, stannic oxide, nickel oxide, palladium oxide, platinum oxide, cobaltous oxide, rhodium oxide, iridium oxide, chromic oxide, molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide. The sulfide of transition metal is ferric sulfide, copper sulfide, stannic sulfide, ruthenium sulfide, osmium sulfide, cobaltous sulfide, nickel sulfide, palladium sulfide, platinum sulfide, rhodium sulfide, chromic sulfide, molybdenum sulfide and/or tungsten sulfide. The bimetal salt of transition metal is copper chromite (Cu2Cr2O5) and/or iron chromite. The catalyst comprises 0.1-100 wt.% of catalyst (I) of dry weight of cellulose biomass, and/or 0.01-100 wt.% of dry weight of the cellulose biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar solvent comprises hydroxy compound, substances which can be transformed to hydroxy compound under alkali conditions, ionic liquid, and/or water. The hydroxy compound is alcohol solvent or phenol solvent. The alcohol solvent is chosen from carbon alcohol, sulfur alcohol, silicon alcohol (sic), preferably carbon alcohol. The carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, glycol, glycerine or butanol. The phenol solvent is phenol, monomethylol phenol, dimethyl phenol, trimethyl phenol, methoxy phenol, preferably phenol. The substances which can be transformed to hydroxy compound under alkali conditions comprise ketone or aldehyde, preferably acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and benzaldehyde. The ionic liquid comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, organic cation and inorganic anion. The cation is alkyl ammonium salt, alkyl phosphate, N-alkyl pyridine and N,N'-dialkyl imidazole cation. Preferred Process: The liquefaction reaction is carried out under existence of oxygen, under existence of inert gases, carbon monoxide or hydrogen, using hydrogen with initial pressure of 2-300 atmospheric pressure at 50-600 degrees C, preferably 100-500 degrees C, more preferably 150-400 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: Cellulose biomass and polar solvent are first mixed and catalyst is added to the obtained mixture. The direct liquefaction is carried out in a pressure reactor. Preferred Material: The cellulose biomass is fresh or dry cellulose biomass comprising hard wood, cork wood, tree bark, tree leaves, tree root, rattan, weeds, reed, bamboo, water plant, leftovers comprising cellulose in agriculture, forestry, vegetable and fruit processing industries, excrement and urine of animals, and leftovers comprising cellulose in traditional Chinese medicine processing industry, wastes of crops such as corn straw, kaoliang straw, wheat straw, bean straw, rape straw, peanut seedling, seedling of yams and/or herbaceous fruit seedling and cotton straw.