TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The semiconductor is an n-type semiconductor, a p-type semiconductor, and/or a semiconductor that is both an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor. The n-type semiconductor exhibits a band gap of 2-3 eV. The semiconductor comprises a residue comprising 60C residue, perylene residue, pentacene residue, porphyrin residue, thiophene, 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)quinoxaline residue or thiazole (all optionally substituted), perylene diimide residue (comprising 2-(1-nonyl-decyl)-3a,7a-dihydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone moiety, 2-(1-octyl-nonyl)-3a,7a-dihydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone moiety, perylene residue of formula (a1) or 2-cyclohexyl-5,12-di-pyrrolidin-1-yl-3a,7a-dihydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone moiety, 2-cyclohexyl-1,3,8,10-tetraoxo-1,2,3,3a,7a,8,9,10-octahydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-5,12-dicarbonitrile moiety or 5,12-bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy)-2-cyclohexyl-3a,7a-dihydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone moiety), a polythiophene residue of formula (a), or transition metal containing residue of formula (b). The device further comprises a photovoltaic cell.n = 1-5;M = transition metal; andL = at least one ligand comprising an organic residue comprising one or more carbons.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride compounds of formula (1a) with an amine compound of formula (R9-NH2) using imidazole as base and heating to give perylene compounds of formula (2a); and reacting (2a) with amine compound of formula (3a) to give perylene diimide compounds of formula (Ia).Y1 = polymerizable residue, bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-en-5-yl;Y2 = linking group that is either present or absent; andR1-R9 = alkyl, (hetero)cycloalkyl or (hetero)aryl (all optionally substituted), H, thiol, CN, OH, amido or halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) is perylene diimide compounds (Ia), or polythiophene compounds of formula (Ib) or their salts. The polymerizable residue comprises alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkynyl (all optionally substituted). The polymerizable residue preferably comprises amide, ester, urethane, siloxane, phenol, urea, sulfide, acetal, ethylene, isobutylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, or isoprene (all optionally substituted). The polymer comprises at least one semiconductor and/or a photon absorber covalently bound to their one or more side chains. The polymer comprises (I) or its residue and a photon absorber. The polymer comprises a polythiophene compound of formula (II), a ruthenium containing compound of formula (III), a perylene diimide compound of formula (IV) or their copolymers.R10a, R10b, R10c = two substituents comprising H, CN, halo, thiol, OH or optionally substituted alkyl; andphen = phenanthroline.In formula (II)-(IV),n = 1-100000. EXAMPLE - N,N'-Di(9-octylnonyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (1.069 g) and potassium hydroxide (0.410 g) were added to tert-butanol (60 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction was allowed to cool and poured into 2M hydrochloric acid (50 ml) with stirring. The resulting precipitate was filtered and rinsed with water until pH neutral and purified to give N-(9-octylnonyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid 3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (A). (A) (102 mg) and 6-(bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5-en-2-exo-yloxy)hexylamine (135 mg) were placed into a flask with toluene (7 ml). The reaction was brought to reflux for 2 hours. Upon cooling the solvent was evaporated to leave crude product. Then the product was purified to give a perylene diimide compound of formula (Ic). (11 mg, 83%).