TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises aluminum. The anode comprises indium tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, or mixture of nickel oxide and titanium oxide (NiO(X)TiO2). The dopant comprises cesium, barium, magnesium, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium, silver, gold, lithium, calcium, and ytterbium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type material is (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester and indenyl-substituted fullerenes. The interfacial modification layer comprises ytterbium and 4,7-biphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, or ytterbium and 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl). The organic semiconductor is 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl), bathophenanthroline(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1 ,10-phenantrolene, tris-(8-hydroxyquinolino)aluminum, 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)-biphenyl, bis-(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)-4-(phenylphenolato)-aluminum-(III), and 4,4 one quarter '-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine, 2-phenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,2'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(5-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl))-1,3,4-oxadiazole, N, N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine, lithium quinoline, tris(1-phenylquinoline) iridium, mono chloro phenyl, 4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidynyl-1-oxyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4'-( 6-acryloyloxy-hexyloxy)benzoate, 3,5-bis(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4-phenyl-triazole, tetrakis(isopropylthio)-p-benzoquinone, 1,2,4-triphenyl benzenes, tris(2,3,5,6- tetramethyl-1,1';4',1''-terphenyl-4-yl)borane,tris(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-(1,1':3',1''-terphenyl-5'-yl)phenyl)borane and thiophene-based molecules capped with two dimesitylboryl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The p-type material comprises poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), polyphenylene vinylene, substituted polythiophenes, substituted polycarbazoles, and/or copolymer comprising dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)pyrrole repeat unit. The active layer comprises indenyl-derivated fullerene and poly(3-hexylthiophene).