TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconducting oxide is selected from a group comprising titanium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, tungsten oxide or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate selected from a group comprising conductive glass, plastic, metal or their mixtures. The anionic polymers are selected from polystyrene sulfonate, poly (acrylic acid) or carboxymethyl cellulose. The cationic polymers are selected from poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(allylamine hydrobromide), poly (diallyldimethylammonium) hydrochloride, poly (diallyldimethylammonium) hydrobromide or chitosan. The neutral polymers are selected from poly (vinyl alcohol), polyalkylene glycols or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is reflective metal, preferably aluminum. Preferred Process: The coated substrate is calcined under inert atmosphere at elevated temperature, preferably 550 degrees C for 1 hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The matrix is isotropic matrix. The volumetric ratio of carbon atoms with respect to nickel oxide molecules in the matrix, is 35:65. The nickel oxide precursor is nickel acetate solution including chelating agent, preferably diethanolamine. The carbon precursor is an organic compound, preferably sugar. Preferred Property: The matrix coated on the substrate, has thickness of 0.8-1.0 mu m. Preferred Process: During formation of sol, surface modifying agent, preferably polyethylene glycol is further added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Substrate: The bacterial carrier substrate is Biolite (RTM: inert carrier material) and/or activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises: the bifunctional ligand disposed between the quantum dot and the electron conductor, where the bifunctional ligand comprises a sulfur-based amino acid, and a hole conductor in contact with the quantum dot, where the hole conductor comprises a pendant group that is chemically similar to the sulfur-based amino acid; or the hole conductor having a pendant group comprising a sulfur-based amino acid, and the bifunctional ligand, where the bifunctional ligand is chemically similar to the sulfur-based amino acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bifunctional ligand layer and monomer pendant groups comprise cysteine, isocysteine or homocysteine. In the solar cell, at least some of the bifunctional ligand layer moieties are distinct from but structurally identical to at least some of the monomer pendant groups. The bifunctional ligand and the hole conductor group comprise 2-amino-3-mercapto-propionic acid, 2-amino-4-mercapto-butyric acid, or 3-amino-2-mercapto-propionic acid. The polymeric hole conductor layer comprises 2-amino-3-mercapto-propionic acid 6-(2,5-dimethyl-thiophen-3-yl)-hexyl ester, 2-amino-4-mercapto-butyric acid 6-(2,5-dimethyl-thiophen-3-yl)-hexyl ester, or 3-amino-2-mercapto-propionic acid 6-(2,5-dimethyl-thiophen-3-yl)-hexyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nitric acid is used in the oxidation of the mixture. The metal is platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is platinum-ruthenium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric carbon precursor is furan resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polythiophene derivative (I) is chosen from 23 derivatives e.g. derivative of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V) or (VI). Preferred Properties: The polythiophene derivative (I) has energy band gap of 2.5 eV or less, and highest-occupied-molecular-orbital energy level of -4.8 eV or less. Preferred Process: The semiconductor channel layer is formed by spin coating method, bar coating method, printing method or deep coating method. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=group of formula (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv);    R11,R12=H, linear or branched 1-40C alkyl, or 3-40C cycloalkyl;    X,Y'=N or CR13;    c=1-6;and    R13=H, linear or branched 1-40C alkyl, 3-40C cycloalkyl, linear or branched 1-40C alkylthio or 3-40C cycloalkylthio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Poly(9,9'-aryl 2,7-silicon fluorene) compound (I) is prepared by reacting 2,2'-diiodo-4,4'-dibromobiphenyl with butyl lithium and silicon tetrachloride to obtain 9,9'-dichloro-2,7-dibromo-silicon fluorene. 9,9'-Dichloro-2,7-dibromo-silicon fluorene is reacted with aryl lithium or aryl Grignard reagent to obtain 9,9'-aryl-2,7-silicon fluorene. 9,9'-Aryl-2,7-silicon fluorene is polymerized to obtain poly(9,9'-aryl 2,7-silicon fluorene) compound of formula (I). Preferred Components: The aryl Grignard reagent is selected from formula (II-X or XI). The aryl lithium is selected from formula (XII-XX or XXI). In formulae (IV and XIV),n=1-6. Preferred Definitions:    Ar 1and Ar 2=group of formula (XXII-XXX or XXXI);    R=group of formula (XXXII-XLIV or XLV); and    n=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transition metal nitride utilized in the precursor is selected from one among tin nitride, vanadium nitride, zirconium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, tungsten nitride, manganese nitride, iron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, rhenium nitride, nickel nitride, lanthanum nitride, cobalt nitride or boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The conjugated polymer (I) is prepared by co-polymerizing 4,5-ethylene-2,7-carbazole based monomer with Ar-group containing monomer. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=multiple combinations of vinylene radical, ethynylene radical, aromatic ring containing carbon hydrogen atoms, aromatic heterocycle of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, aromatic heterocycle of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen atoms, aromatic heterocycle of carbon, sulfur and hydrogen atoms, aromatic heterocycle of carbon, silicon and hydrogen atoms, aromatic heterocycle of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen atoms or aromatic heterocycle of carbon, silicon, sulfur and hydrogen atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from ether, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, trichloroethylene and trichloroethane, preferably methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polyvinyl alcohol is also added to water and tributyl borate containing solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer also comprises polyfluorene of formula (XI), poly(p-phenylene) of formula (XII), p-phenylene vinylene of formula (XIII), poly-spiro-p- benzene of formula (XIV) and ladder poly(p-phenylene) of formula (XV).R1-R6=H or 1-20C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer further comprises polyfluorene of formula (II), poly(p-phenylene) of formula (III), poly(p-phenylene) of formula (IV), acetylene poly-spiro-p-phenylene of formula (V) and ladder poly(p-phenylene) of formula (VI).R1-R-R6=H or 1-20C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The conductive band contains graphite, conducting organic matter, metal, metal alloy or non-metal conducting compound or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive band is polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, fluorine derivative of ethylene, cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate which is saponified with polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Carboxyl group is located in isoindole ring that is substituted in 1 or 2 positions of benzene ring. Tert.-butyl group is located in three isoindole rings that are substituted indiscriminately in two central positions of each one of the corresponding benzene rings of the isoindole rings of carboxy-substituted phthalocyanine. Carboxy-substituted phthalocyanine is prepared by performing oxidation of substituted tri-tert.-butyl phthalocyanine (I) in presence of sodium chlorite, sulfamic acid or potassium permanganate. Preferred Components: Carboxy-substituted phthalocyanine also has a mixture of regioisomers 9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diirnino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetra-benzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer, oligomer or copolymer is selected from polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) or a polythiophene. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Carboxy-substituted phthalocyanine (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. 9,16,23-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diimino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetrabenzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II) of chemical formula (II), 9,16,24-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diimino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetrabenzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II), 9,17,23-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diimino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetrabenzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II), 9,17,24-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diimino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetrabenzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II) and 10,16,23-tri-tert.-butyl-2-carboxy-5,28:14,19-diimino-7,12:21,26-dinitrilo-tetrabenzo(c,h,m,r)(l,6,11,16)tetraazacycloeicosinato-(2')-N29, N30, N31, N32 zinc (II).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the special PTC macromolecular heat generation material for self-limiting electric tracing band of 95 degrees C, comprises 86 pts.wt. of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 12 pts.wt. of carbon black (CB), 12 pts.wt. of zinc oxide, 0.2 pts.wt. of composite stabilizer K-1330, 0.1 pts.wt. of pentaerythritol ester (1010), 0.1 pts.wt. of p-tert-butyl salicylate, 0.1 pts.wt. of tribromophenol (TBP), 0.15 pts.wt. of dioctyl trimellitate, 0.15 pts.wt. of dioctyl sebacate (DOS), and 0.2 pts.wt. of tert-butyl ethane peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antiflaming synergistic agent is antimonous oxide. The whitening agent is titanium pigment. The pore agent is sodium chloride. The fineness of pore agent is 60-100 mesh. The aperture of micro-hole in and on the surface of acid filter is 125-198 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant is decabromodiphenylethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anti-dropping agent is PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The compatibilizer is highly aromatic oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The modifying agent is rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, plastic, or composite resin. The sealing agent further comprises stabilizing agent (0.1-3 mass%) comprising metal oxide, organic substance or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by reacting 2,7-di(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxoboron-2-methylene)-9-alkyl-9H-carbazole and 4,7-di(5-bromo-thiophene-2-methylene)-5,6-di(alkoxy)-1,2,5-diazosulfide at mole ratio of 1:0.99-1.05 (preferably 1:1) under the action of tetra(triphenyl phosphine)palladium (0.8-1.2 mol%) at 100-120 degrees C for 24-48 hours. The reaction is carried out in organic solvent. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene and/or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium halide, and/or lithium sodium chloroaluminate. The collectors of bipolar and extraction electrode are aluminum foil. The negative active material is lithium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte comprising lithium salt and organic solvent. The lithium salt may be lithium perfluoroalkylsulfonate. The organic solvent is mixture of chain-type acid ester and cyclic acid ester. The chain-type acid ester is methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, propylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and/or chain-type organic ester containing fluorine, sulfur, or unsaturated bond. The cyclic acid ester is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, sultone, and/or cyclic organic ester containing fluorine, sulfur, or unsaturated bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous film is natural rubber-butadiene styrene rubber, polyvinylidene chloride-hexafluoropropylene polymer, and/or polyvinylidene chloride-hexafluoropropylene/silicone polymer porous film. The porous films coated on opposite faces of electrodes are different, in which the porous film on one surface is poly-p-phenylene porous film, and the porous film on the other surface is polyacrylonitrile porous film. The porous film has thickness of 1-100 (preferably 8-10) mu m, porosity of 20-80%, and aperture of 0.01-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of the high-strength lightweight building base board, comprising plant straw powder, coal ash, concrete, sand, talcum powder, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride non-toxic bond and modifier, comprises (in parts by weight): pouring plant straw powder (10-20), coal ash (10-20), concrete (7-11), sand (5-9), talcum powder (10-25), magnesium oxide (20-35), magnesium chloride (3-8), non-toxic bond (5-15) and modifier (0.001-1) into a stirrer for mixing, uniformly pouring into a mold, coating with carbon fiber mesh, rolling by vibration, adding core tubes, cover boards and materials, mixing uniformly, pouring the mixture into the mold, flattening by secondary rolling and transporting to a natural solidification chamber and maintaining for 4-24 hours and de-molding. Preferred Components: The modifier comprises (in wt%): trisodium orthophosphate (38-42), benzoic acid (32-36) and phosphoric acid (28-30).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent resin comprises: phthalic anhydride (310 kg), maleic anhydride (118 kg), glycol (62 kg), propylene glycol (91 kg), diethylene glycol (127 kg), styrene (364 kg), antioxidant B900 (0.8 g), hydroquinone (20 g) and paraffin (0.235 g).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-toxic bond comprises (in wt%): polyvinyl alcohol (18-20), white emulsoid (20-25), methylcellulose (16-20), isinglass (10-20) and starch (12-19).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal shaped screen frame is made of an aluminum frame or a cast iron frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine plastic layer is fluorine plastic material containing vinylidene fluoride block and a plastic alloy obtained by fluorine plastic material containing vinylidene fluoride block and pigment, inorganic filler and other plastic material. The total content of the vinylidene fluoride in the fluorine plastic layer is more than 20%. The bonding layer is a film layer formed by copolymerization of vinyl and polar resin. The transition layer is a polyacrylate plastic layer or a layer of fluorine plastic material containing vinylidene fluoride and polyacrylate plastic layer. The polyester layer is a film layer formed either by polyethylene glycol terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate or plastic alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of 2-ethyl caproate tertiary butyl peroxide is 0.5-1 part weight, preferably 0.6-0.8 part weight. The peroxide coupling agent further comprises 1,1-di(t-butyl peroxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-di-t-butyl peroxide-2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoylperoxide)hexane, dicumyl peroxide, di(2-isopropylbenzene), t-butyl cumene peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, benzylhydroperoxide t-amyl ester, O,O-t-butyl-O-isopropyl-mono-peroxydicarbonate, O,O-t-butyl-O-(2-ethylhexyl)-mono-peroxydicarbonate or O,O-t-amyl ester-O-(2-ethylhexyl)-mono-peroxydicarbonate. The antioxidant comprises 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl benzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-triketone, 2,2'-methyl-di-(4-methyl-6-t-butyl phenol), beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butyl phenyl)n-octadecyl propionate, dialkypentaerythitoldiphosphite, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite ester. The hindered-amine light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-tetramethyl)salicylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of polyoxyethylene, degradable lithium salt and surface-modified polyphosphazene nanotube is 100:20-40:10-15. The molecular weight (Mw) of the polyoxyethylene is 100000-1000000, degradable lithium salt is 106.5, and surface-modified polyphosphazene nanotube is 1629. The degradable lithium salt is lithium perchlorate. The surface-modified polyphosphazene nanotube is hydroxy, ketone or carboxylic acid ester polyphosphazene nanotube with surface adorned by chemical groups. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, and mixing and dissolving PEO (1 g) in acetonitrile ( greater than or equal to 40 ml), and magnetic agitation is performed for 10-30 minutes. Preferred Processes: The dispersion comprises dispersing polyphosphazene (1 g) in acetonitrile ( greater than or equal to 300 ml), and supersonic dispersion is performed for 10-30 minutes. The drying involves drying at 50 degrees C for 24-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid hydride is borohydride compound of formula: BxNyHz (I), or alkali metal borohydride, alkali metal hydride, metal borohydride and/or metal hydride, preferably sodium borohydride, sodium hydride, lithium borohydride, lithium hydride, calcium hydride, calcium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, potassium borohydride and/or aluminum borohydride, where x-z are not defined. The borohydride compound is ammonia borane, diamino diborane, ammonium diborane, poly(amino borane), borazine, morpholine-borane, borane-tetrahydrofuran composite and/or diborane. The content of solid hydride is 30-70%. The solid catalyst comprises solid acid, salt containing ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper and/or iron, or solid catalyst prepared from ions. The content of solid catalyst is 0-25%. Preferred Process: The liquid or aqueous solution comprising water is added to vessel containing solid hydrogen fuel to obtain hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The crushing mixer is jaw crusher, eccentric crusher, cone fine crusher, rotary crusher, impact crusher, shearing crusher, composite cutting crusher, ball mill, bar mill and/or vibration mill.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer substrate comprises hydrophobic polymer elastomer containing silica gel, rubber and silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell is made of elastomeric resin such as polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene and polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor metal oxide is chosen from titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, indium oxide, antimony trioxide, tungsten trioxide, mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide, mixture of antimony oxide and tin oxide, barium titanate and cerium oxide. The metallic catalyst is alloy of platinum and ruthenium, platinum and tin, platinum and palladium, platinum and lead, platinum and bismuth or platinum and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy composite comprises (in parts weight): epoxy resin (40-60), carboxyl butadiene resin (20-30), carboxyl ester resin (10-20), glycidyl functional acrylic monomer (20-50), hydroxyl bifunctional acrylate monomer (20-40) and amino functional acrylic monomer (5-60). The acrylic monomer compound further comprises silane coated silica powder (40-100). The diameter of the silica powder is 1-10 mu m. The hardener comprises triethylenetetramine (20-50), diethyltriamine (10-30), carboxyl functional acrylic resin (20-40), synthetic resin powder (5-20), benzoyl peroxide (0.2-1), amine (20-30), mercapto carboxylic acid (30-50) and oxide mixture (5-20). The synthetic resin powder is chosen from neoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polystyrene rubber, polyacrylonitrile rubber and polyurethane. The amine is triethyltetramine or diethylenetriamine. The oxide mixture is polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide. The hardener further comprises silica powder (40-100) and surface treated amino silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is processed by molecular distillation technology. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin has weight of 169-176 g/equivalent weight. The liquid anhydride is chosen from methyl tetrahydrophalic anhydride (METHPA), methyl-hexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) and methyl nadic anhydride (MNA). Preferred Method: The method further involves packing bisphenol A type epoxy resin and liquid anhydride independently before blending and storing the bisphenol A type epoxy resin and liquid anhydride in container at 20 degrees C for 12 months or more. The method further involves heating resin under VPI, solidifying the heated resin and drying the solidified resin after immersion. The resin is heated under VPI using special type mica tape with less rubber, curing catalyst and mica tape with medium rubber. The solidification is performed at 130-160 degrees C for 6-15 hours and the temperature of the resin is maintained at 50-60 degrees C. The VPI process is carried out in immersion tank. The air used in the vacuum pressure process is nitrogen or dry air. The dew point of the dry air is maintained at -40 degrees C until the water content is 0.1 g/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is carbon black or rutile titanium white.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (a) is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate. The anti-settling agent is BYK104S (RTM: anti-settling agent). The wet dispersing agent is BYK170 (RTM: wet dispersing agent). The solvent (b) is butyl acetate. The auxiliary agent is BYK358 (RTM: auxiliary agent). The polishing powder is polishing powder (ED30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidation-reduction derivative comprises metal salt chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide and potassium bromide. The solid polymer electrolyte is imidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oligomer is ethylene oxide containing end effector having methyl group or hydroxyl radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ( alpha )-olefin is propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, norbornene, norbornadiene, ethylidene-norbornene, phenyl norbornene, vinylnorbornene, dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-butadiene, 1,5-pentadiene, 1,6-hexadiene, styrene, ( alpha )-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene and/or 3-chloromethylstyrene. The silane compound is vinylethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltripropoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltributoxysilane, vinyltriethylenedioxysilane, vinyltriphenoxysilane, vinyltribenzyloxysilane, vinyltrimethylenedioxysilane, vinyltriethylenedioxysilane, vinylpropionyloxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltricarboxysilane, vinyl tris-( beta )-methoxyethoxysilane, ( gamma )-glycidoxypropyltripropyl trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ( gamma )-aminoethylaminopropyl trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-methacryloxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane and/or ( gamma )-methacryloxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane. The content of silane compound is 0.5-5 weight%. The encapsulating sheet has thickness of 0.2-0 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from butyl Carbitol (RTM: Organic solvent), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, turpentine oil, terpineol and dioctyl phthalate. The dispersant is chosen from BYK-111 (RTM: Dispersing agent), BYK-110 (RTM: Dispersing agent) and BYK-180 (RTM: Dispersing agent). The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil. Preferred Method: The heating temperature of the oil-bath reaction kettle is 80-120 degrees C and the stirring speed is 50-100 revolutions/minute. The holding time is 0.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat conducting agent is aluminum oxide, graphite, silicon carbide, carbon fiber, quartz powder or magnesium oxide. The heat adsorbing agent is lead sulfide, carbon black, copper oxide, iron oxide, or manganese oxide    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mixture of heat conducing agent and solubilizing agent are subjected to plastic injection molding, compression molding or extrusion molding. The polymer matrix is polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ethylene propylene rubber, polyphenylene sulfide, nylon, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, or polybutylene terephthalate. The solubilizing agent is polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride, polyoxyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, chlorinated polyethylene or styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer. The optical film is subjected to paint film plating (preferably), electric film plating, vacuum film plating or magnetic control sputtering. The paint comprises heat adsorbing agent and paint matrix. The paint matrix is acrylic resin, amino resin, alkyd resin and/or organic silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An upper side of the reflecting bracket body is fixedly wrapped by the transparent protective cover plate that is made of strained glass or armored glass with high light transmittance or optical plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The long bus bar and the short bus bar are overlapped up and down on each other and separated from each other by ethylene vinyl acetate and tedlar polyester tedlar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Hydroxylated acrylic monomer is chosen from ethoxy acrylate, beta -methoxy methyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl ester. The acrylic monomer is chosen from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobutyl alcohol, styrene and vinylacetate. The initiator is chosen from azodiisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide and acetyl peroxide. The diluting agent is chosen from dimethylbenzene, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and aldimine. The pigment is chosen from titanium white powder, carbon black and iron oxide red. The auxiliary agent is chosen from dispersing agent, flatting agent, drying agent, defoaming agent and anti-settling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: Aliphatic isocyanate is dipolymer of dihexyl isocyanate and/or tripolymer of dihexyl isocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reflecting layer is made of aluminum plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The structural layer is made of polyethylene material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The heat insulating layer is made of polyurethane foaming plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyatomic alcohol is glycol, diglycol, propanediol, methylpropanediol, cyclopentanediol, neopentyl glycol or trimethylolpropane. The polyatomic acid is terephthalic acid, meta phthalic acid, adipic acid or salicylic acid. The polyatomic acid anhydride is phthalic anhydride or trimellitic anhydride. The curing agent is triglycidyl isocyanurate, hydroxyalkyl amide or polyepoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The powdered filler is nano silicon dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano alumina, nano wollastonite, nano calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate whisker and/or zinc oxide whisker. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent. The thixotropic agent is fumed silica and/or organo-bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thinner is epoxypropyl methyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, N-butyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether and/or hexanediol glycidyl ether. The amino curing agent is hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetetramine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylene tetramine-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyether amine, m-phenylenediamine, isophorone diamine and/or polyamide. The auxiliary agent is carboxyl-terminated nitrile rubber, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-acrylonitrile or epoxy-terminated butadiene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin component comprises (in parts weight) epoxy resin (30-70), thinner (2-15), powdered filler (10-45), fiber-like filler (5-30), thixotropic agent (1-8) and auxiliary agent (0-8). The curing-agent component comprises amino curing agent (35-65), powdered filler (10-45), fiber-like filler (8-30) and thixotropic agent (1-8). The weight ratio of resin component and curing-agent component is 100:40-50. The fiber-type filler is glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, Vinylon fiber (RTM: polyvinyl alcohol fiber), polyvinyl alcohol fiber, mullite fiber, basalt fiber and/or stainless steel fiber. The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin and/or bisphenol F-type epoxy resin. Preferred Property: The length of the fiber-type filler is 100-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin adhesive is silicone resin. The curable composition (b) used in manufacture of radiation image sensor contains epoxy resin. Preferred Property: The thickness of adhesive layer is 20 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode consists of indium-tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The basic material is chosen from dicarboxylic acid derivative, dihydroxy benzene, diol derivative and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-5-methyl-benzene, N-bromosuccinimide, benzoyl peroxide and carbon tetrachloride are reacted to obtain 1-bromomethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene. Then, the obtained 1-bromomethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene, hexamethylene tetramine and water/ethanol are reacted to obtain 3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzaldehyde. Then, the obtained 3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzaldehyde, pyrrole, trifluoroacetic acid, copper chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, stannous chloride dihydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone and ethylene are reacted, to obtain porphyrin conjugated polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate and/or terpineol. The auxiliary agent comprises plasticizer and dispersing agent. The plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and/or dioctyl adipate. The dispersing agent is polyethylene wax, zinc stearate and micro-crystalline paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is chosen from water, acetonitrile and N-methylpyrrolidone. The dopant is chosen from tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and tetrabutylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl cyanide-containing amide compound is N-ethyl acetamide, N-methyl cyanide urea, N,N'-dimethyl cyanide urea, methyl-N-cyanide methyl carbamate, ethyl-N-cyanide methyl carbamate, ethyl-N-cyanide ethyl carbamate, N-ethyl cyanide methyl carbamate, ethyl-N,N-dicyanide methyl carbamate, methyl-N,N-dicyanide methyl carbamate, N-cyanide methyl caprolactam, N-methyl cyanide oxazolidone, N,N-dimethyl cyanide phenylcarbamate, N-cyanide butyl methylcarbamate, N-ethyl cyanide-N-phenylethyl carbamate, N-cyanide methylmethoxy ethyl methylcarbamate, N-cyanide methylmethoxy ethyl-N-methylcarbamate, N-cyanide methylmethoxy methyl-N-methylcarbamate and/or N,N-dimethyl cyanide carbamate. The molar ratio of lithium salt with respect to alkyl cyanide-containing amide compound is 2-8:1. The electrolyte further comprises compound (A) and compound (B). The compound (A) is catechol carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, and/or methyl chloroformate. The compound (B) is butyl ferrocene, 1,1'-dimethyl ferrocene, imidazolium salt, tricyano benzene, and/or benzene derivative. The concentration of lithium salt is 0.5-2 M/L. The monomer is vinyl monomer, preferably acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, methylacrylate, methacrylonitrile, methylstyrene, polyvinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylamide, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, and/or styrene. Preferred Properties: The electrolyte has viscosity of 100 cP or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is polymer electrolyte formed by polymerization of precursor solution containing monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The poly(3-hexylthiophene) region of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-60C functions as a region which generates an electron-hole pair by absorbing light and providing electronics. The fullerene derivative region functions as a region which accepts electronics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The phenoxy resin has hydroxyl-containing structural unit of formula (I). The glass transition temperature of phenoxy resin is 60-160 degrees C.n=1-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The algae are chosen from chlorella, spiral seaweed, diatom, dinoflagellate, Chrysophyceae, euglena, stonewort, Ulva, kelp, and Undaria pinnatifida.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface of the cathode is carried with Pt/C catalyst (0.1-0.35 mg/cm3). The material of the diaphragm is anode ion exchanging membrane, cathode ion exchanging membrane, super filtering membrane, micro filtering membrane, perfluorinated sulfonic resin membrane, glass fiber membrane and polycarbonate membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin comprises modified compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, hydrazine or dimethyl hydrazine. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The housing is made of a UV-resistant polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises cross-linking agent chosen from organic peroxide and photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method for pretreating lignocelluloses biomass involves immersing the lignocellulose biomass in dispersed solution of photocatalyst and performing UV irradiation of 230-400 nm for 60-240 minutes. The method for producing bioethanol involves saccharifying the lignocellulose biomass using diastatic enzymes. The method for producing bioethanol from lignocellulose biomass further involves inoculating the strain into culture medium containing glycosylated lignocellulose biomass in the volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5 and cultivating the culture medium at 28-32 degrees C for 24-96 hours. Preferred Components: The photocatalyst is titanium oxide (0.05-0.5 wt.%). The diastatic enzyme is chosen from endoglucanase, carboxymethyl cellulose, beta -glucosidase and p-nitrophenyl(NP)-glucosidase or its mixtures. The inoculated strain is Pichia stipitis (KCCM 12009). The content of diastatic enzyme is 1-30 parts weight with respect to lignocellulose biomass. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductivity oxide layer is selected from a group consisting of fluorine doped tinoxide, indium-tin-oxide , indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium-tin-oxide - silver-indium-tin-oxide, indium-zinc-oxide-silver-indium-zinc-oxide, indium-zinc-tin-oxide-silver-indium-zinc-tin-oxide and aluminum-zinc-oxide-silver-aluminum-zinc-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene, polyethersulfone , polycarbonate, polyarylate or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon support is chosen from carbon nano powder, carbon nanotube, and their mixture. The platinum metal precursor is chosen from potassium platinum chloride (K2PtCl4,K2PtCl6), chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6,H2PtCl4), tetraammine platinum chloride (Pt(NH3)4Cl2), and their mixture. The reducing agent is chosen from sodium borohydride, ethylene glycol, methanal, and their mixture. The amount of reducing agent with respect to 1 part weight of platinum metal precursor is 150-200 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The transition metal precursor is chloride, carbide, nitride, sulfide, sulfate and/or nitrate of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium and/or iridium. The mixture further contains carbon or carbon nanotube as support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, hexane, ethylene glycol, and/or diethyl ether. The nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon is tetrazole, aminotetrazole, methylamine, guanidine, methylhydrazine, acetonitrile, triazole, dicyandiamide, dimethylamine, ethylamine, dimethylhydrazine, ethylenediamine, malononitrile, triazine, acrylonitrile, pyrazole, propargylamine, propionitrile, melamine, allylamine, azetidine, cyclopropylamine, methylaziridine, trimethyleneimine, cyanoethylhydrazine, diaminomaleonitrile, allyl cyanide, methacrylonitrile, pyrrole, butyronitrile, isopropyl isocyanide, triaminopyrimidine, allylmethylamine, cyclobutylamine, pyrrolidine, butylamine, diethylamine, isobutylamine, diaminobutane, tetramethylhydrazine, and/or ethylethylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth thermal stabilizing agent is GK115A. The antioxidant is 1020 type antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polypropylene material or polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anti-aging agent is amine anti-aging agent; where the amine anti-aging agent is selected from one of amine-aging agent ODA, anti-aging agent D, anti-aging agent 4010, anti-aging agent H, and anti-aging agent MEC-75. The softener is cold resistant plasticizer; where the cold resistant plasticizer is one of plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) or plasticizer dioctyl sebacate (DOS). The mineral reinforce filler is selected from one of active reinforce agent, talcum powder, white carbon black, and wollastonite. The coupling agent is one of coupling agent SI-230, coupling agent KH-550, coupling agent A-172, and coupling agent SI-69. Preferred Conditions: In (a), the melting temperature is 90-100 degrees C; and the rotating speed of the low speed mixing is 20 rotations/minute. in (b), 5.5-6.0 pts.wt. of vulcanizing agent; where the mixing temperature is 80-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceria precursor is nitrate, chloride or cerium nitrate. The rare earth metal is chosen from samarium, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, lanthanum, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, lutetium, gadolinium nitrate and samarium nitrate. The PEG is chosen from PEG 200, PEG 400 and PEG 600. The hydroxide is chosen from sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The method further involves heating the mixture at 30-90 degrees C for 30 minutes and pulverizing the cooled mixture to nano size.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The dimethylsiloxane polymer has viscosity of 100-1000 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable phosphonic acid includes substituted vinyl phosphonic acid compounds of formulae ((R1)(R2)C=C(R3)PO3R4R5) (I) or ((R6)(R7)C=C(PO3R4R5)2) (II) or chlorides, fluorides or amides derived from the acids. The co-monomer is vinyl halide, vinylidene halide, vinyl ester, vinyllactam, (meth)acrylic acid or their halo derivatives, esters, amides or nitriles of (meth)acrylic acids or their halo derivatives. The non-grafted polymer ion-exchange ion-conductive materials contains 1.2-28 wt.% of phosphorus. The non-grafted polymer ion-exchange ion-conductive materials bind phosphoric acid by physical sorption.R1 = H, F, Cl or Br;R2, R6, R7 = H or F;R3 = H, halo, COOR8, COCl or CONR8R8; andR4, R5, R8 = alkyl, aryl (both optionally substituted) or H. EXAMPLE - A polymerization mixture consisting of vinylphosphonic acid (12.04 g) of purity 84.9 %, acrylonitrile (18.07 g), the initiator 2,2'-azobis(2- methylpropanenitrile) (0.2015 g) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (70 g) was prepared. The polymerization mixture was freed of oxygen by bubbling with an inert gas for 10 minutes, air-tightly closed and polymerized at 70 degrees C for 5 hours. Then the mixture was diluted with DMSO (50 g) and the polymer was precipitated under stirring into ethanol (2 l). The polymer was filtered off and washed four times with ethanol (0.5 l) for 4 x 30 minutes under constant stirring. The polymer was dried at 25 degrees C under atmospheric pressure to constant weight to give the polymer ion-exchange ion-conductive materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The absorption layer is formed of a material selected from amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon germanium or cadmium telluride (CdTe). The front electrode layer is formed of transparent conducting oxide selected from tin oxide, indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide or zinc oxide. The substrate is selected from glass, quartz, transparent plastics, transparent polymer or flexible substrate. The glass substrate is a transparent glass substrate selected from soda lime glass (SLG), low iron glass and alkali free glass. The back electrode layer is formed of metal which is selected from aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) or palladium (Pd).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulation layer is formed of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The colloid particles comprise silica or polystyrene. The substrate comprises a conductive material, preferably indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The SAM comprises an organic material containing phosphorus, preferably 2-carboxyethyl phosphoric acid.
EXAMPLE - (In g) L-serine (3.15) dissolved in ion exchange water (20 ml) was added to chromatographic column filled with SA10AOH (RTM: ion exchange resin) (10.3). 1-(4-Vinyl benzyl)-3-butyl imidazolium chloride (2.51) dissolved in ion exchange water was added to the chromatographic column, and the filled aqueous solutions deployed and concentrated to obtain 1-(4-vinyl benzyl)-3-butyl imidazolium L-serine (2.98) with yield of 95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic fine particles are silica particles whose surface is processed with hydrolyzable silane compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (A) has two vinyl groups in one molecule. The compound (A) is obtained by reacting triisocyanate obtained by cyclic trimerizing diisocyanate, and active hydrogen-containing compound. The anti-soiling composition contains a component containing perfluoropolyether (D) having active hydrogen, and monomer having active hydrogen and carbon-carbon double bond. The perfluoropolyether (D) is of formula: X-CF(-Y')(CF2)a-(OCF2CF2CF2)b-O(CF2CF2)c-(OCF(-CF3)CF2)d-(OCF2)e-(OCF2CF2)f(OCF2CF2CF2)g-OCF(-Z)(CF2)hCH2OH (I). The monomer is chosen from 2-hydroxy ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy propyl (meth)acrylate and 2-hydroxy butyl (meth)acrylate. The compound (A) is of formula (II).X'=perfluoropolyether group;X=fluoro;Y',Z=fluoro or trifluoromethyl;a=1-16;c=0-5;b,d,e,f,g=0-200;andh=0-16.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The macromolecular solution contains polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polycaprolactone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The graphene thin film is a single graphene, composite graphene with 2-50 layers, or thin film formed by mixing single graphene and composite graphene, where thickness of graphene thin film is 10 nm-600 mu m. Preferred Method: The graphene thin film grows in UV radiation environment. Manufacturing graphene thin film using graphite oxidation-reduction method comprises using natural graphite powder, crystalline flake graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, and expanded graphite powder as raw material graphite powder; and performing chemical reduction process using hydrazine, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), vitamin C, and hydrogen as reducing agent, reducing by heating at high temperature under inert gas protection, or performing reduction process using the combination of chemical reduction method and high-temperature heating process, where prepared graphene thin film is graphene dispersion containing hydroxide or carboxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Manufacturing graphene thin film using chemical vapor deposition method comprises using methanol, ethanol, acetylene, and/or methane as carbon source; and using nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, ruthenium, or platinum metal with thickness of 10 nm-100 mu m as metal thin film catalyst, where chemical vapor deposition growing environment of graphene thin film comprises negative pressure or normal atmosphere and temperature of 700-1100 degrees C. The metal thin film electrode of transparent conductive electrode connected with external metal leads is selected from palladium (Pd), Pd/gold (Au), selenium, Au, titanium/Au, or nickel/Au.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polymer used for migration of graphene thin film is polydimethylsiloxane or polymethyl methacrylate. The vacuum filter film used in graphene thin film migration is fiber resin film or aluminum oxide thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ceramic powder include ferric oxide, titanium dioxide and aluminum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic powder is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube paste composition further contains binder (0.1-100 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of solvent).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method for filling slurry between cathode of fuel battery and current collecting unit is coating, silk screen printing or curtain coating. Preferred Components: The nanoscale conductive oxide is perovskite structure oxide. The perovskite structure oxide is strontium-doped lanthanum manganate, strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltate, strontium and iron-doped lanthanum cobaltate, strontium and copper-doped lanthanum cobaltate, or iron-doped lanthanum nickel acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethanol, acetone or butanone. The wt. ratio of nanoscale conductive oxide, polyvinylbutyral and organic solvent is 12-20:2-20:100. The wt. ratio of nanoscale conductive oxide to dispersant is 12-20:1-4. Preferred Composition: The composite further comprises dispersant including triethanolamine, fish oil or acrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductivity oxide layer is made of material consisting of fluorine doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide and silver aluminum zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon nanofibers have an average diameter of 1 mu m or less and an average length of 0.5-30 mu m. Preferred Component: The anode active material is lithium manganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The precursor is polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin, polybenzimidazole, cellulose, phenol, pitch, and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is made of soda ash, glass, stainless steel, titanium, copper and polymer resin. The semiconductor compound is chosen from copper indium selenide, copper gallium selenide, copper aluminum selenide, copper indium selenide, copper indium-gallium selenide, copper sulfide, and copper-indium telluride. Preferred Layer: The electrodeposition layer is formed using solution containing (in wt.%) dispersion solvent (60-95), chalcogenide-based compound (0.1-30), water (0.01-10) and metal salt (0.001-10). The metal salt is chosen from metal acetate, metal carbonate, metal nitrate, metal sulfate, metal oxalate, metal alkoxide and metal halide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The dispersion solvent is alcohol or ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron-withdrawing molecule is chosen from 28 molecules e.g. pyridine, pyrazine, furazan, 4H-(1,2,4)triazole and (1,2,5)thiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quinoxaline derivative is 2,3-bis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,8-dibromoquinoxaline. The thiophene is 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder has grain diameter of less than 5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-photoreceptive organic material comprises (mass%) organic resin A (3-15) and solvent A (85-97); or organic resin B (5-10), solvent B (89-94), and sensitizer (0.25-1). The solvent is pine oil alcohol, glycol, diglycol, butyl acetate carbitol, diethanolamine or triethanolamine. The sensitizer is 5-nitroacenaphtene. The solvent B is cyclohexanone and/or acetophenone. The glass powder composite comprises (wt.%) glass powder (55-70) and non-photoreceptive organic material (30-45).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic resin A is Ethocel (RTM: water-insoluble polymer), isoamylpropionate, tributyl citrate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and/or tri-n-butyl borate. The organic resin B is vinyl cinnamate and/or poly-cinnamate malonic acid ethanol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and/or dioctyl adipate. The dispersing agent is polyethylene wax, zinc stearate and/or microcrystalline wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material for preparing the bionic anti-reflection basic film is made of dimethyl silicone polymer film, polymethylacrylic acid formic ester film, polystyrene film and PVC polrvinyl chloride film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hard carbon comprises resin carbon, organic polymer pyrolytic carbon and/or soft carbon solid phase material. The lithium ion insertion compound comprises lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-iron phosphate, lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (LiNi8Co2O2), lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) and/or lithium-manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion in the electrolyte is generated by lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide, lithium bis(oxalato)borate and/or lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and trimethylethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, diethyldimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrapropyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, tributyl methyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetramethyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrapropyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate and tetrabutyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate. The non-aqueous organic solvent in the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene sulfide, sulfurous acid isopropenyl acetate, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile. The porous carbon comprises active carbon, carbon cloth, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon aerogel and/or carbon nano tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The septum comprises ethane microcellular film, polypropylene microcellular film, polyethylene polypropylene compound film, inorganic ceramic film, paper septum and non-woven septum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The addition agent is polystyrene, vinylene carbonate and/or hydroxycarboxylic acid. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and/or methyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antifoaming agent is alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder comprises modified starch (350), pure water, urea (10-13), sorbierite or propanediol, phospholipid (3-6), sodium dehydroacetate or dimethyl fumarate (2-3.5) and antifoaming agent (6-12). The modified starch is industrial pyrolytic dextrin.
Preferred Definitions:    Rf=XCnF2n-, X(CF2CF2)nOCF2CF2-, (CF3)2CF(CF2)(n-1)-, X(CF2CF2)OCF2CF2SO2- or XCnF2nC(O)-;    n=1-10;and    x=H, F or Cl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Shank: In the shank, the fluoro-resin is selected from one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyfluortetraethylene, copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylation vinyl ether, copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene and hexafluoride ethylene. The adhesive layer is formed by the polymer of Formula (I). The diaphragm is formed by two or more polyolefin diaphragms. The air permeability of the adhesive layer is 13-24 second/in2. The air permeability of the adhesive layer is 9-22 second/in2. The thickness of the adhesive layer is 5-10 microns. The diaphragm can be selected from one or more of polyethylene multi-pore film, polypropylene multi-pore film and polyvinylidene fluoride multi-pore film; the thickness of the diaphragm is 10-35 microns.n=700-800 and the mean molecular weight is 140000-175000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In preparing thermochromic sensing material, the polydimethylsiloxane is Sylgard 184 Silicone elastomer kit of Dow Corning (Shanghai) Management Ltd. The curing agent is Sylgard 184 Silicone elastomer curing agent of Dow Corning (Shanghai) Management Ltd. The organic solvent is chloroform. The diacetylene compound used for obtaining the solid blue thermochromic sensing material has the formula given in the specification. The solid blue thermochromic sensing material has color reversible thermochromic property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The land on two sides of the percolate drainage groove is inclined with a gradient of 2-10 degrees , and a cover plate is installed on the percolate drainage groove. The percolate return pipe comprises a main return pipe and multiple branch return pipes, where the multiple branch return pipes are connected with the main return pipe. A deodorizing device is installed in the middle at the top of the decomposable rubbish degradation chamber. A light refracting device with gradient is installed on one side of the deodorizing device. A rubbish inlet is installed on the other side of the deodorizing device. The deodorizing groove comprises a deodorizing groove, a first iron mesh, active carbon particles and a sunshade plate. The first iron mesh is installed at the bottom of the deodorizing grove. The active carbon particles are paved on the first iron mesh. The sunshade is installed at the top of the deodorizing groove. The light refracting device comprises a support fixed on the building, a refractive glass layer and a second iron mesh. The refractive glass layer is installed on the support. The rubber is embedded on four sides of the refractive glass layer and is welded with the building. The second iron mesh is installed on the refractive glass layer. A rubber side is installed on four sides of the rubbish inlet. An iron plate is installed on the rubbish inlet to seal the rubbish inlet. The solar device further comprises a liquid return funnel connected with the main return pipe, and a rubbish sorting chamber and a tool storing chamber. The liquid return funnel is installed on the rubbish sorting chamber. The liquid-storing tank is installed in the tool storing chamber. The percolate drainage groove is connected with the liquid-storing tank by the pre-buried pipe in the wall. A rubbish outlet is installed under the decomposable rubbish degradation chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic elastomer comprises 2 or more silicone ionomers, and further contains resin containing trimethylated silica particles, and filler. The composition (a) and interface material further comprise heat-conductive filler. Preferred Definitions:    Z=cation chosen from Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ni, Ga, Al, Mn and Cr, preferably chosen from Li, Na, K, Zn, Ni, Al, Mn and Mg.    (i) The average number-of-moles of carboxy functional groups per silicon atom is 0.002-0.5; (ii) The content of group (Z) of the carboxy functional group is 25 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic layer is made of 5-2'-ethyl-hexyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene (MEH-PPV): poly(2-methoxy-poly-3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT): phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: In the material, the inorganic oxide particles are selected from titanium dioxide particles, zirconium dioxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles or a mixture of two or more particles. The adding amount of inorganic oxide particles is 0.01-0.3% according to the weight of ethylene copolymer substrate. The adding amount of inorganic oxide particles is 0.015-0.2% according to the weight of ethylene copolymer substrate. The adding amount of inorganic oxide particles is 0.02-0.1% according to the weight of ethylene copolymer substrate. The adding amount of inorganic oxide particles is 0.025-0.05% according to the weight of ethylene copolymer substrate. The grain diameter of inorganic oxide particles is less than 2 microns. The grain diameter of inorganic oxide particles is less than 300 nanometers. The grain diameter of inorganic oxide particle is less than 50 nanometers. The inorganic oxide particle is carried out surface treatment through silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent. The ethylene copolymer is selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylic ester copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylic acid copolymer or ion copolymer. The content of ethylene monomer unit of ethylene copolymer is 55-90wt%. The content of ethylene monomer unit of ethylene copolymer is 60-88wt%. The content of ethylene monomer unit of ethylene copolymer is 65-85wt%. It comprises additive selected from ultraviolet light stabilizer, ultraviolet light absorber, antioxidant, plasticizer, crosslinking agent or crosslinking auxiliary agent. Preferred Battery: In the battery, at least one of the front plate and the back plate is made of glass. The front plate and the back plate are glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Moisture contained in the positive electrode active material is less than or equal to 300 ppm. The positive electrode active material is a complex oxide LiMO2 made of a lithium and a transition metal. The carbonate contained in the positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO3). The complex oxide of a lithium and a transition metal is LiCoO2, LixCo1-yAlyO2, lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), LiNiy'Co1-y'O2, LiaNibM'1-bO2, or lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4). The packaging mechanism is an aluminum laminate pack obtained by coating aluminum with a resin. The electrolyte is made of a lithium salt and a polymer compound in which the lithium salt is dissolved.M=Co, Ni or Mn;x= greater than or equal to 0.05 but less than 1.10;y=greater than 0.01 but less than 0.10;y'=greater than 0 but less than 1;M'=transition metal, B, Al, Ga or In;a=0.05-1.10; andb=0.7-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer compound(s) is ether-based polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) and a crosslinked of the poly(ethylene oxide), poly(methacrylate) ester polymer, acrylate polymer, and fluorine polymer such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The light directing assembly includes a light reflecting panel attached to the light collecting panel for reflecting the light back to the light collecting panel. An energy reservoir is electrically coupled to the energy converting layer for receiving and storing the electric energy. The energy reservoir is selected from lead-acid battery, Ni-Mh battery, Ni-Cd battery, LiFePO4 battery, and Li/MnO2 battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light reflecting panel is made of polymer materials selected from a polyethylene terephtalate (PET), a modified polyethylene terephtalate (PETG), and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer or oligomer has a repeating unit having hole transportability and repeating unit having aromatic amine or carbazole. The polymerizable substituent in the polymer or oligomer is oxetane group, epoxy group, vinyl group, acrylate group, and/or methacrylate group. The substrate is a resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from methane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains crosslinked material obtained by reacting boric acid ester of formula: B(-OR)3 or boric acid, polyoxypropylene glycol and electrolytic salt compound.R=H, 1-4C alkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The metal iodine compound is lithium iodide, sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The polar organic solvent is methanol, ethanol and/or N,N-dimethyl methanamide. The iodized salt is metal iodine compound or imidazole derivative. The imidazole iodized salt comprises 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazole iodized salt, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazole iodized salt, 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazole iodized salt, 1,2-methyl-3-propyl imidazole iodized salt and 1,2-methyl-3-butyl imidazole iodized salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polyvinyl pyridine iodized salt is a compound of formula (I). A molecular weight of polyoxyethylene is 100-5000000.R=1-12C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Each of the acceptor and donor segments comprises porphyrinic macrocycle(s). The copolymer is an alternating copolymer. The acceptor segment comprising porphyrinic macrocycle is one or more of 13 segments, e.g. segments of formulae (I)-(V), where porphyrinic macrocycle(s) comprising porphyrin, chlorin, or bacteriochlorin is represented by P'. The copolymer further comprises additional segment(s) of formulae (VI) and/or (VII). Preferred Method: Forming the copolymer comprises organometallic-mediated coupling reaction(s). It comprises using a catalyst comprising nickel or palladium. The first comonomer comprises greater than or equal to 2 groups comprising iodine, fluorine, bromine, chlorine, or triflate. The second comonomer comprises greater than or equal to 2 groups comprising Sn(R)3, ZnX2, MgX2, B(OR)2, X, or silyl.R=alkyl;andX=comprises I, F, Br, Cl, or triflate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Preferably, the process for preparing PET foam of sandwich material for wind generator blade comprises: (a) putting the PET sheet into a high pressure preheating container; (b) charging the supercritical fluid to the high pressure preheating container and permeating for 2-20 hours under the pressure of 0.5-20 MPa and at 150 degrees C; and (c) releasing the pressure and thermally treating the PET sheet for 5-30 seconds at 50-200 degrees C to nucleate and increase the foam and to obtain the finished product; where the supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electric conductive glass, indium tin oxide (ITO) electric conductive glass or ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction gas is pure oxygen or air. The inert gas is argon, nitrogen or their mixture. The acidic liquid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetone, chloroform or ethanol. The acidic liquid is acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is polyethylene, polystyrene or non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The heat dissipation material powder comprises copper, brass, steel sheet, stainless steel, carbon nanotube, iron and/or silver. The amount of heat dissipation material powder with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl alcohol resin is 10-20 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The nanoparticles are aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hygroscopic material is the combination of the macromolecule and the cotton material; where the macromolecule comprises polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, starch graft copolymer, or rubber polymer blend. The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, or their mixture. The solid state hydrogen fuel comprises solid hydride, solid catalyst, and hydrophobic and elastic macromolecule; where the solid hydride comprises metal borohydride, metal hydride, boron nitrogen hydride, or their mixture; the metal borohydride comprises sodium borohydride (NaBH4), lithium borohydride (LiBH4), calcium borohydride (Ca(BH4)2), magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2), potassium borohydride (KBH4), or aluminum borohydride (Al(BH4)3); the metal hydride comprises lithium hydride (LiH), sodium hydride (NaH), or calcium hydride (CaH2); the boron nitrogen hydride comprises borane ammonia complex, diborane, diamide diborane, polyamino borane, borazine, borane-morpholine complex, or borane-tetrahydrofuran; the solid catalyst comprises ruthenium (Ru), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), or iron (Fe); and the hydrophobic and elastic macromolecule comprises silica gel, rubber, or silicon rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic phase-change material is aliphatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic acid or aliphatic acid ester. The aliphatic hydrocarbon is tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, No. 25 phase-change paraffin or No.30 of phase-change paraffin. The aliphatic alcohol is lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, cyclohexanol, tert-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl 1,3-propylene glycol or 2-amino-2 methyl-1,3 glycerol. The aliphatic acid is capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitinic acid and/or octadecanoic acid. The carbonic ester monomer is propylene carbonate-propanediol carbonic ester monomer or propanediol carbonic ester monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The preparation of shaped phase-change material granule comprises mixing and stirring organic phase-change material (30-80 pts. wt.) with polyethylene, polypropylene or polyphenyl ethylene (20-70 pts. wt.) to make granule after extruding via dual-screw rod extruder; or adding smelted organic phase-change material (10 pts. wt.) and 1-10 wt.% emulsion water solution (30-90 pts. wt.) into 2.0-5.0 wt.% sodium alginate water solution (10-100 pts. wt.) to completely stir and emulsify at 30-60 degrees C and 1000-5000 rpm; standing defoaming to obtain thick emulsion, where emulsifying agent is maleic anhydride polymer, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone; and stirring at 10-500 rpm, dropping emulsion into coagulating bath with 1-4 wt.% calcium chloride via orifice device to obtain shaped phase-change material granule with alginate as base after coagulating and molding. Preferred Properties: The capsule (C1) is in light brown and spherical with 10 mu m to 5 mm in average granule diameter. The thickness of capsule wall of non isocyanate polyurethane material is 200-400 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The platinum compounds (I) or (II) is preferably dissolved in mixed solvent of water and acetonitrile. The carbon monooxide is bubbled in the sample solution and heated at 25-65 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The carbon particles are Ketchen black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Article: The transparent article comprises glass or plastics. The first base surface and the second base surface are substantially circular. The funnel is a light concentrator when light is incident on the first base surface and a light spreader when light is incident on the second base surface. The article further comprises a photoactive device adjacent to at least one of the first or second base surfaces. The photoactive device comprises a device selected from a photodetector, a photovoltaic device, an optical imaging device, and a light emitting device. An article comprises a support; and light funnels disposed in the support, each light funnel of light funnels having: a transparent funnel-shaped article having a first base surface, a second base surface, and a peripheral surface, the first base surface having a first surface area and the second base surface having a second surface area, the first surface area being greater than the second surface area and the peripheral surface having a cross section that defines a hyperbola; and a reflecting coating disposed over the peripheral layer. The article further comprises a photoactive device adjacent to the second base surface. The photoactive device includes photoactive elements aligned to receive light from the light funnels. The photoactive device is a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging device. The photoactive device emits light and includes light-emitting elements that emits light into the light funnels, where the light-emitting elements are LEDs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The side chain of aliphatic polycarbonate is of formula: -CH2OR (I).R=hydrocarbyl or aromatic hydrocarbyl, preferably methoxyethyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The aliphatic polycarbonate is copolymer of glycidyl ether compound and carbon dioxide. The aliphatic polycarbonate has oxygen-containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-CH(-CH2-O-R')-O-C(=O)-O)- (II).R'=hydrocarbyl or aromatic hydrocarbyl, preferably -R1(R2);R1=1-4C linear alkyl, preferably ethyl;andR2=1-3C alkyl, 2C or 3C alkenyl, 2C or 3C alkynyl, 1C or 2C alkoxy, 1C or 2C alkylthio, methyloxycarbonyl, 2C or 3C acyl, acetyloxy, methylcarbonylamino, 1C or 2C sulfinyl, 1C or 2C alkylsulfonyl, 1C or 2C alkylamino, halo, 0-3C silyl, preferably methoxy.Preferred Property: The solid polymer electrolyte film has ionic conductivity of 1x 10-5 second/cm at 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A coating liquid containing platinic acid or platinum complex, and inorganic particles is applied and an intervening layer (2) is formed on the substrate before formation of platinum-catalyst layer. An adhesive layer (5) is formed on the conductive layer, and the resin film base material is laminated on the adhesive layer. Preferred Components: The conductive layer comprises metal, fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, and/or boron-doped zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer contains 0.1-50 parts weight of organic fine powder and/or inorganic fine powder with average particle diameter of 1-10 mu m with respect to 100 parts weight of ionizing radiation-hardenable resin. The protection sheet further has a primer layer (3) laminated between protective layer and base material, and water vapor-barrier layer or metal oxide vapor deposition layer containing aluminum foil in single surface of base material. The base material has a resin layer chosen from high-density polyethylene resin layer, polypropylene resin layer, cyclic polyolefin-type resin layer and a polyester-type resin layer or layer(s) containing white pigment. The protective layer and/or primer layer contain white pigment or black pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic film is made of polyimide or polyaramide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV).R1,R2,R4,R5=H or halo, or alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, aryl alkoxy, or aryl alkylthio (all optionally substituted by fluoro);m=0-10;R3=H or halo, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio (all optionally substituted by fluoro);Ar1,Ar2=arylene or bivalent nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group;n1=2-10;n2,n3=1-3;andp1,p2=0-5.Preferred Composition: The content of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is 0.1-10000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer compound. The sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is 2,2'-bithiophene. The organic layer further contains electron-accepting compound and electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conjugated polymer compound is regioregular poly 3-substituted thiophene. Preferred Property: The conjugated polymer compound has weight average molecular weight of 500-10000000 based on polystyrene conversion. Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer compound has thiophene repeating unit of formula (a) and fluorene repeating unit of formula (b).R6-R15=H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, aryl alkoxy, or aryl alkylthio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The co-hardener is dicyandiamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin (A) contains epoxy resin (E1) having aromatic ring and alicyclic structure, and rubber-like core-shell polymer modified epoxy resin (E2). Epoxy resin (E1) is terpene structure-containing epoxy resin (E1-1) containing alicyclic structure formed using residue of cyclic terpene compound or dicyclopentadiene-type epoxy resin (E1-2) containing alicyclic structure formed using residue of dicyclopentadiene. The molar ratio of aromatic ring and alicyclic structure in epoxy resin (E1) is 2.5 or more, or less than 2.5. The epoxy resins (A) contain 60-80 parts weight of epoxy resin (E1) and 20-40 parts weight of rubber-like core-shell polymer modified epoxy resin or 18-24 parts weight of epoxy resin (E1), 42-56 parts weight of bisphenol-type epoxy resin and 20-40 parts weight of rubber-like core-shell polymer modified epoxy resin. The latent hardener (B) is tertiary amino group-containing trans fat group polyamine, urea bond-containing modified polyamine, or urea bond- and imidazole group-containing modified polyamine. The resin composition further contains co-hardener. Preferred Properties: The heat-hardened product of resin composition has glass transition temperature of 100 degrees C or more. The test piece obtained by interposing resin composition between two sheets of stainless steel foil and bonding sheets, has peeling strength of 0.7 N/10 mm or more, measured by performing T-type peeling at 100 mm/minute, based on JIS K-6854-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The particles of platinum or platinum alloy are particles of platinum ruthenium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The rhodium porphyrin (1) and particles of platinum or platinum alloy are supported by carbon black as electroconductive carrier. Preferred Definitions:    R2,R3=H;    R1=-COOM1, -OM2, -COOH or -OCH3 as substituent;    M1=H, 1-2C alkyl or alkali metal; and    M2=H or 1-2C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Battery: In the long-life high-power lithium ion battery, the solute of the electrolyte (3) is at least one lithium salt of phosphor fluorine acid lithium, lithium perchlorate and lithium fluoroborate; the solvent of the electrolyte (3) is one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate solvent, or mixture thereof; the diaphragm (4) is single-layer or multi-layer composite film with micropores and formed by polypropylene, polyethylene or mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene, or paper film with fibers. The lithium titanate is doped, coated and modified by metal or carbon; it has spinel structure and its particle size is less than 1 micron. The conducting agent is one or two of conducting carbon black or conducting graphite; the adhesive is one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, butadiene styrene rubber or carboxymethylcellulose, or mixture thereof. The positive pole is composed of 80-90% of active carbon by mass, 5-15% of conducting agent by mass and 5-10% of adhesive by mass. The negative pole is composed of 75-90% of lithium titanate by mass, 5-20% of conducting agent by mass and 5-10% of adhesive by mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: In the solar cell and radiator combined component, the square grid of the grid for fixing the solar cell plate matches the solar cell plate in size; each solar cell plate is put in the grid which will not move during the laminating process; and the grid is provided with a solar cell welding wire outlet. The radiator is an aluminum alloy radiator, whose surface is oxidized to form the aluminum oxide insulating layer. The surface of the radiator is coated with a Teflon insulation layer to form the insulation layer. The radiator is the extrusion formed aluminum alloy fin radiator, whose one surface facing the solar cell is provided with a wiring trough. The radiator is a radiator with a fluid hole channel. The surface of the grid for fixing the solar cell plate facing the transparent cover plate is a sunlight reflection layer. The composition material of the grid for fixing the solar cell plate is aluminum alloy metal material. The composition material of grid for fixing the solar cell plate is the glass fiber reinforced plastic. The transparent cover plate material is ultra clear glass, high transmission plastic or silicon rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Battery: In the battery, the area corresponding to the other surface of the anode sheet in the anode tag and the anode flow collector bonding area is provided with an insulating coating layer whose width is 2-20mm bigger than that of the anode tag; the widths of the insulating coating layers on the area corresponding to the other surface of the cathode tag in the cathode tag and cathode flow collector bonding area and the area corresponding to the other area of the cathode sheet in the cathode tag and cathode flow collector bonding area are independently 2-20mm wider than the cathode tag. The widths of the insulating coating layers on two ends of the anode material layer are independently 1-20mm. The area corresponding to the other surface of the anode tag in the anode tag and anode flow collector bonding area is provided with an insulating coating layer. The thickness of the insulating coating layer is 5-100 microns. Based on the total weight of the insulating coating layer, the content of the inorganic oxide is 1-90% and the content of the bonding agent is 10-99%. The inorganic oxide is one or more of the monox, alumina, zirconia, zinc oxide and titanium oxide; the bonding agent is the polymer with the melting point is more than 100 degrees C; the polymer is one or more of the polyvinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, epoxy ethane, acrylonitrile, chloroethylene, styrene homopolymer and third binary or polynary copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst is nickel precursor or yttrium-stabilized zirconia, and comprises main catalyst comprising nickel precursor and metal oxide chosen from oxide of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium and holmium, or cocatalyst comprising metal chosen from iron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, potassium, calcium and/or magnesium. The nickel precursor is chosen from nickel oxide, nickel chloride, nickel bromide and nickel(II) hydroxide. The anode comprises lanthanum strontium manganate, nickel-ytterbium-stabilized zirconia, nickel-lanthanum-molybdenum oxide, copper-cerium oxide and/or lanthanum strontium titanate. The cathode comprises lanthanum strontium manganate and/or lanthanum nickel oxide. The metal oxide is bismuth-copper oxide (BiCuvOx).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte film comprises Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer), phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, ethyl sulfonate and/or trifluoromethyl sulfonate, or phosphorus pentaoxide, cesium hydrogen sulfate, heteropolytungstic acid and/or heteropolymolybdic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thickener is 125 emulsion. The waterproof agent is organic silicone modified acrylate emulsion. The UV-resistant agent is 0.4% hydroxyethylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanoparticles are chosen from copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, titanium, chromium, silver, platinum, aluminum and their alloys, and have diameter of 1-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-polymer composite nanoparticles further include hydrophilic solvent, amphiphilic solvent, water and alcohol. The hydrophobic solvent is chosen from hexane, benzene and chloroform. The amphiphilic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic light-emitting polymer nanoparticles are chosen from poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene), poly-N-vinylcarbazole, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum, polythiophene, poly(3-methylthiophene), polyphenylene vinylene and their derivatives, and have diameter of 50-250 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface carbon layer contains acetonitrile, styrene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The window material consists of single crystalline semi-insulating gallium arsenide, single crystalline semi-insulating indium phosphide, float-zone silicon or lightly doped silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is titanium oxide or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixed layer contains ( pi )-conjugated polymer, amorphous silicon and organic compound which has ( pi )-conjugation structure and molecular weight of 2000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The back-surface protection sheet is obtained by laminating weather-resistant resin sheet and a damp-proof membrane. The surface of the weather-resistant resin sheet is subjected to corona treatment or atmospheric pressure plasma processing. Preferred Membrane: The damp-proof membrane is metal aluminum sheet, or resin sheet having inorganic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The seal comprises 1-75 wt.% of silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film forming medium comprises epoxy resins, urethanes, silicones, acrylates, methacrylates and their co-polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary compound has 10 or more carbon chain, and secondary compound has sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group, or aromatic ring having sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group. The neutralizing agent is 6C or more alkylamine. Preferred Property: The polyurea electrolyte has equivalent weight of 300-2000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerization process is carried out under irradiation of microwave.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyol component has two or more (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule. Preferred Process: The polyol component is obtained by adding methacrylic acid compound to epoxy group of compound having two or more epoxy groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The urethane resin has glass transition temperature of -60 degrees C to -10 degrees C, (meth)acryloyl-group equivalent of 500-40000 and number average molecular weight of 5000-150000. The epoxy resin in the active-energy-ray-curable adhesive agent has number average molecular weight of 500-5000. The active-energy-ray-hardenable adhesive layer has glass transition temperature of -20 degrees C to 20 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy resin is 5-40 parts weight with respect to urethane resin (100 parts weight) in the active-energy-ray-curable adhesive agent. Preferred Layer: The sheet-like material is metal foil, or plastic film having vapor deposition layer in which metal oxide or nonmetallic inorganic oxide is vapor-deposited to at least one surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer mixture comprises: polymethylpentene (5-15 wt.%) having a melting point (Tm) of 223-230 degrees C and an melt flow rate (MFR) of less than or equal to 80 dg/min; a first polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 1x 106, a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of less than or equal to 15, an amount of terminal unsaturation of less than 0.14 per 1x 104 carbon atoms and a Tm of greater than or equal to 131 degrees C; a second polyethylene having a Tm of 115-130 degrees C; and a isotactic polypropylene (5-20 wt.%) having a Mw of 5x 103 to 4x 105, an MWD of 1.5-5 and a heat of fusion ( Delta Hm) of greater than or equal to 90 J/g. The microfibrils comprise a single phase of polymethylpentene ( greater than or equal to 90 wt.%), first polyethylene and second polyethylene. The membrane contains less than or equal to 1 wt.% of phase-separated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is at least partially crosslinked. The polymer comprises 25-75 wt.% comb units. The solid electrolyte comprises oligo(oxyethylene) units. The solid electrolyte has a compressive stiffness of at least 1 MPa and an ionic conductivity of at least 10-9 S/cm. The solid electrolyte comprises a body of polymeric material which includes linear resins which form comb polymer segments, and crosslinking monomers which form a continuous network. The linear resins include vinyl esters. The vinyl esters comprise vinyl ester derivatives of polyethylene. The linear resins comprise acrylate groups or methacrylate groups. The solid electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of at least 10-7 S/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base catalyst comprises at least one quaternary ammonium (preferably tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and/or tetramethylammonium hydroxide). Preferred Element: The optically transparent element further comprises vinyltriethoxy silane residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkoxy silane residue is tetraethoxy silane. The second alkoxy silane residue (at least 20, preferably 20-40 mole.%) is selected from methyltriethoxy silane and vinyltriethoxy silane (preferably methyltriethoxy silane). The solvent is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer (p1) has an average particle size of 15-100 nm. The polymer further comprises a metal alkoxide residue (preferably titanium isopropoxide residue). Preferred Method: The coating solution is maintained at 35-70 degrees C for 1-5 hours prior to reducing the pH to not greater than 2. The method further involves storing the coating solution for at least 24 hours; and freezing the coating solution. The coating solution is dispensed by spraying. Prior to dispensing, the coating solution is changed from a frozen state to a liquid state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The urethane resin contains castor-oil-type polyol, preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate. The urethane resin contains castor-oil-type polyol in a structure that does not include double bond by hydrogenation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The blinds can be raised and lowered. In the solar roman blinds, exposure to sun generates electrical energy; energy is captured while sun rays are blocked for over heating interior spaces; and energy is produced by sun exposure. The blinds can be manufactured from any resin based material or metallic based material. The solar energy collecting material can be applied as a coating or layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrogenated petroleum resin is copolymer resin of dicyclopentadiene and aromatic monomer. The aromatic monomer is styrene-based monomer. The bromine number measured by JIS K 2605 of the hydrogenated petroleum resin is 3 g/100 g or less. The total light transmittance measured by JIS K 7361-1 is 90.5% or more. The water vapor transmission rate measured according to the conditions B of JIS Z 0208 is 20 g/m2. The yellowness measured by JIS K 7105 after heating at 110 degrees C for 500 hours is 1 or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high melting point component is an ethylene- vinyl alcohol copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layer (B1) further contains buffering agent and/or resin containing ethylene-2,6-naphthalate. The layer (A) contains oxazoline compound as cationic electroconductive compound having acryl skeleton as an electroconductive material, compound having acrylic-type as water-insoluble resin, crosslinking agent and optical stabilizer (0.1-50 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The conductive film is metal film comprising gold, copper and silver; or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene benzene sulfonic acid, and polyaniline organic conductive polymer film. The electron donor layer material is thiophene type material, poly(p-phenylene) and its derivative, aromatic amine type material, condensed ring aromatic compound, and phthalocyanine dye. The thiophene type material comprises 5-vinyl-2-tetramerization thiophene; 5-vinyl-pentamer thiophene; alpha , alpha -di(2,2-dicyanoethylene)-pentamer thiophene; (2,6-(4,4-di-(2-ethyl hexane)-4H-cyclopentene(2,1-b;3,4-b')-di-thiophene)-alternating-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiophene diazole))copolymer; (5,5-dioctyl-(2,2',5',2",5",2) tetramerization thiophene)-alternating-(2,7-fluorine-9-ketone) copolymer; poly-(3-alkyl thiophene); and 3-hexyl replacing poly-thiophene. The poly phenoxy phenylene vinylene (PPV) derivative comprises poly-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy group)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), or poly-(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyl oxidant)-p-phenylene vinylene). The PPV derivative comprises (oxa-1,4-p-phenylene-1,2-(1-cyan)-ethenylene-2,5-dioctyl-1,4-p-phenylene-1,2-(2-cyan)-ethenylene-1,4-p-phenylene)polymer, or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)- alpha -cyano-p-phenylene vinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is fluorine-type electrolyte chosen from hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, nitric acid, potassium fluoride and sodium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A container of the apparatus is made of plastic or polyurethane foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nanofiber layer is selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, poly acrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylacetate, and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive powder contains silver, copper, titanium, tungsten, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, platinum, lead, palladium or alloy. The glass frit is selected from a group of lead oxide-silicon dioxide, lead oxide-silicon dioxide-boron oxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide, zinc oxide-boron oxide-silicon dioxide or bismuth trioxide-boron oxide-zinc oxide-silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous material refers to a corrosion resistant metal material, a PTFE corrosion resistant polymer material, a heavy metal oxide or a heavy metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode current collector and the cathode current collector are made of aluminum foil, aluminum alloy foil, magnesium foil, magnesium alloy foil, copper foil, copper alloy foil, nickel foil, nickel alloy foil and stainless steel foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 4-fluorinated polyol is tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. The isocyanate is chosen from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), HDI trimer, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate), and methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotube is chosen from single-wall carbon nanotube, multiwall carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and nanocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of organic vehicle, carbon nanotube and organic solvent is 0.5-20 wt.%, 1-10 wt.% and remainder, respectively. The organic solvent is chosen from ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ketone, ethyl isoketone, ethylene glycol, toluene and chloroform.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organic vehicle is polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Alternatively, producing carbon micro-sphere by using waste high molecules as raw materials, comprises: sealing 75-300g/L of waste polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene and 300-600g/L dry ice into the stainless steel high-pressure kettle according to the volume of the high-pressure kettle, heating up to 500-600 degrees C, preserving temperature for 180 minutes, and then cooling into room temperature, obtaining the micron-grade carbon sphere; annealing the micron-grade carbon sphere for 1h under vacuum condition of 1350-1500 degrees C, further obtaining the laminated carbon micro-sphere. It also comprises: sealing 75-300g/L of waste polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene and 300-600g/L dry ice into the stainless steel high-pressure kettle according to the volume of the high-pressure kettle, heating up to 500-600 degrees C, preserving temperature for 180 minutes, and then cooling into room temperature, obtaining the micron-grade carbon sphere; annealing the micron-grade carbon sphere for 1h under vacuum condition of 1350-1500 degrees C, further obtaining the laminated carbon micro-sphere; adding 0.36-0.44g of laminated carbon sphere into mixed solution of 9.6-10.0mL of concentrated sulfuric acid with mass concentration of 98% and 0.18-0.22g of sodium nitrate (NaNO3), heating for 24-72 hours in water bath, obtaining the elliptical laminated graphite oxide carbon sphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The silver powder comprises flake-type powders with 1-10 micron size and flat-type powder with particle size of 100-500 nm. The composite further contains conductive material chosen from tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, silver oxide, nickel oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The diluent is chosen from terpineol, N-methyl pyrrolidone, butyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol monobutylether acetate, ethyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, ethoxyethylacetate, ethyl cellosolve, butylacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin comprises 5-20 wt.% of resin solid and 5-35 wt.% of diluent based on 100 wt.%. The composite contains additive (0.01-3 wt.%) chosen from stearic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, dimethylpolysiloxane, methyl ethyl polysiloxane, silicon diacrylate, and silicon leveling agent. The molecular weight of binder is 10000-50000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main body is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly vinylchloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is complex of sodium borohydride, potassium hydroxide, nitrone, aluminum, strontium, lithium, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, iron, chromium, manganese, zinc, lead, cadmium, cobalt, tin and gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An organic solvent chosen from N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, triethyl phosphate, cyclopentanone, N-methyl pyrrolidone, tetramethyl urea and carbonic allyl ester, preferably N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used in the polymer blend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The magnesium-containing additive is magnesium oxide. The magnesium compounds capable of forming magnesium oxide on firing are magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium resinates and magnesium carboxylates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The organic vehicle further comprises organic polymer(s) and/or organic additive (s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal paste is aluminum based.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Battery: The purity of the aluminum anode is 995-999999. The aluminum anode can be doped with small quantities of metals or metalloids to improve its properties, which may be but are not limited to selenium, zinc, and beryllium. The form of the electrodes and the geometry of the electrolyte space can be adapted to the needs of the application and may therefore contain electrodes as rods, sheets plane or cylindrical and the distances between electrodes may vary from 0.1-10 mm. The electrolyte is impregnated in a porous polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first electrode comprises a fluorinated tin oxide coated flexible substrate. The nanostructure array is formed of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. The absorbing material comprises at least one of lead and cadmium chalcogenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The encapsulant comprises a clay. The first conductive layer comprises at least one gold anode. Preferred Method: The first conductive layer comprises a first patterning to form many first electrodes. The first patterning comprises separation of the first electrodes azimuthally or axially. The second conductive layer comprises a second patterning to form many second electrodes. The second patterning comprises separation of the second electrodes azimuthally.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cell is arranged to extend around the central axis more than 360 degrees such that the cell overlaps itself. (I) further comprises a central support. The semiconductive layer comprises many semi-conductor regions each containing a different semi-conductor from the others semi-conductor regions, where the regions vary axially. The first conductive layer is disposed over a substrate. In (I), an encapsulant is disposed over the second conductive layer. Preferred Method: The forming further comprises disposing the first conductive layer over a substrate. The forming further comprises disposing an encapsulant layer over the second conductive layer. The forming further comprises providing the optoelectronic cell with a patterned conducting layer comprising many electrodes, where the method further comprises testing the circuit of each of the electrodes to detect defects and electrically isolating the defects.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises a transparent polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composite Panel: The upper sheet comprises spaced-apart projections and the solar collector module is mounted to the projections. The solar collector module is bonded to the projections. The composite panel comprises a mounting means to which the solar collector is mounted and the mounting means is mounted to the projections. The mounting means comprises a mounting clip. The mounting clip extends substantially along the length of the solar collector module. The mounting means comprises a pair of edge clips, where the edge clips are longitudinally spaced-apart. The mounting clip comprises mounting holes for receiving fixings for fixing the clip to a panel projection. The solar collector module comprises mounting means for mounting the solar collector module to the panel projections, where the mounting means comprises mounting holes in the solar collector module for receiving fixing means for fixing the solar collector module to the panel projections. The outer sheet comprises longitudinally extending raised projections, where the raised projections comprise raised crowns. The raised projections are of generally trapezoidal form and extend longitudinally along the length of the panel. The raised projections comprise a side underlap projection and a side overlap projection for jointing adjacent like panels. The insulating body comprises a foam, where the foam comprises a polyisocyanurate foam material or a phenolic foam material. The panel comprises a roof panel. Preferred Roof Assembly: The solar collector modules are mounted to the panels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition (C1) further comprises crosslinking agent and water ( less than or equal to 30 mass%). Preferred Properties: The solvent has solubility parameter value of 18-28 (19-27) MPa1/2    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The metal nanowires have average minor axis length of less than or equal to 200 nm and average major axis length of greater than or equal to 1. The metal nanowires have minor axis length variation coefficient of less than or equal to 40%. The metal nanowires have round corners as seen in cross-section. Preferred Components: The metal amount of metal nanowires which are less than or equal to 50 nm in minor axis length and greater than or equal to 5 mu m in major axis length occupies greater than or equal to 50 mass% of metal amount of all metal particles contained in conductive composition. The metal nanowires comprises silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, isopropyl acetate , or 1-methoxy-2-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is epoxy resin or oxetane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acceptor and donor segment comprise at least one or more dyes. (II) further comprises at least one solvent and at least one n-type material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer and polymer is an alternating copolymer. The molecular weight of the polymer is at least 25000. The polymer is soluble. The first comonomer comprises at least two groups comprising iodine, fluorine, bromine, chlorine or triflate. The second comonomer comprises at least two groups comprising Sn(R1a)3, ZnX2, MgX2, B(OR1a)2, X or silyl group. The acceptor segment has a structure of formulae (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n) and (o). The copolymer further comprises at least one additional segment having a structure of formula (p) and (q).R1a = alkyl;X = I, F, Br, Cl, or triflate;G = at least one or more dyes of formulae (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene; andR, R1 = 2-50C alkyl or 2-50C branched alkyl.Preferred Method: (I) is prepared by providing at least a first comonomer comprising the acceptor segment, providing at least a second comonomer comprising the donor segment and forming the copolymer comprising the acceptor segment and donor segment. The polymer is prepared by polymerization of at least one monomer comprising the dye, at least one monomer comprising the donor, and at least one monomer comprising the acceptor, where the monomer comprising the donor is adapted to react with the monomer comprising the dye, and the monomer comprising the acceptor is adapted to react with the monomer comprising the donor. The formation of the copolymer is carried out by at least one organometallic-mediated coupling reaction using a catalyst comprising nickel or palladium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: In the method of fabricating a solar cell, the lower substrate (30) is removed after the flexible film structure (20, 22, 24, 26) has been deformed. The film structure (20, 22, 24, 26) comprises a plastic substrate (24); the reflecting conducting lower electrode (22); the optical absorbing layer (26); and a top electrode (20). The top electrode (20) is transparent, and the bottom electrode (22) is made from a metal, where the top electrode (20) comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) and/or the bottom electrode (22) comprises aluminum. The top electrode (20) has a thickness t, where t is equal to an odd integer multiple of the value lambda /4n, where n is the refractive index of the material of the top electrode and lambda is an optical wavelength close to the peak of the sun's emission spectrum. The lambda is equal to 550 nm. The optical absorbing layer (26) comprises amorphous silicon, where the optical absorbing layer (26) is made using an EPLaR process, and the plastic substrate comprises polyimide (24). The film structure (20, 22, 24, 26) has a thickness of less than 20 mu m. The non-flat surfaces have a symmetric sawtooth profile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The main electric-insulation layer is a fire-retardant polyester film containing phosphorus compound and inorganic hydroxide. The water vapor-barrier layer contains aluminum or inorganic oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cross-linking agent is polyfunctional isocyanate compound and/or polycarbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-proof layer contains fluororesin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic molding is made of polypropylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The laminated polyester film has an easily adhesive resin layer formed using polyolefin-type resin, on at least one surface of primary layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The oil used for forming protective layer consists of silicone and saturated hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chromaticity of polyamidoimide film is 10 or less. The polyamidoimide film comprises cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid system residue as main structural component. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of cyclohexyl ring component with respect to aromatic ring component (Nc divide by Na) in polyamidoimide film is 25 divide by 75-90 divide by 10, preferably 0.333-9, where Nc is number of moles of cyclohexanol ring and Na is number of moles of aromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: In the system, the inner tube (4) and outer tube (6) are formed by substantially rectangular tubes which are placed at an angle of 45 degrees one with respect to the other. The base is provided with a socket with screw thread and wherein the roof penetrator is provided at the bottom with screw thread filling in the socket.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: mixing linear or cyclic monomers, oligomers and/or macromers to form a monomer mixture, where the monomer mixture comprises monomers that can produce the polymer; adding a lipase, esterase or protease, in a sufficient amount to produce the polymer, to the monomer mixture to form a reaction mixture; and reacting the reaction mixture under polymerizing conditions suitable to obtain the polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: (I) are bonded to a drug. The drug comprises an anticancer, antibiotic or antiviral drug, preferably camptothecin, etoposide or their derivatives and analogs. Preferred Definitions:    T1 = 5-hydroxyphenylene, 5-aminophenylene, 5-decanyloxyphenylene or 5-dodecanyl-oxyphenylene;    A1, B1 = O;    R1 = H; and    T2 = substituted phenylene.    EXAMPLE - Dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate (0.21 g) was heated along with polyethylene glycol 600 (0.6 g) in presence of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (0.8 g) at 90 degrees C in solvent free condition for 48 hours under vacuum. The obtained viscous oil was freeze-dried to obtain poly((poly(oxyethylene-600)-oxy-5-hydroxyisophthaloyl) (90% yield).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover is formed of epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The low surface energy coating is a silicone polyurethane polymer. It is formed from a polyalcohol of formula HO-R'-(R)Si(R)-O-((R)Si(R)-O)n-(R)Si(R)-R'-OH.R, R'=optionally substituted alkyl or aryl;andn=5-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nanoparticles are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, cadmium sulfide, zirconium oxide, calcium phosphate, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, preferably silicon oxide and/or titanium dioxide having particle diameter of 1-50 nm. The redox pair is I3-/I-, Br-/Br2, SCN-/(SCN)2, or SeCN-/(SeCN)2, preferably I3-/I-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition further comprises nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether polymer consists of polyether urethane of formula R-(NH-COO-((CH2)n-O)m-H)k or compound of formula (I); or phosphorus containing polyether of formula P(O)-(O((CH2)i-O)j-H)3. The weight ratio of polyethylene oxide and polyether polymer is 0.2-3:1 (preferably 0.5-2:1).R=aryl or 3-6C cycloalkyl;m, j=6-100 (preferably 6-50);k=2-4 (preferably 2);andi, n=2-4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coloring agent is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of (meth)acrylate compound is 0.1-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant comprises silicone comprising a homopolymer or copolymer of alkyl and/or aryl-substituted polydimethylsiloxanes and a copolymer of polydimethylsiloxane and polymethylphenylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the voltage of the fuel cell is the difference between an anode potential and a cathode potential, and the threshold voltage is 0.48-0.55 V. The voltage of the fuel cell is a cathode potential, and the threshold voltage is 0.55 V. The hydrogen-based fuel is substantially pure hydrogen, reformed hydrogen from a reformate-based fuel, byproduct hydrogen, or their combinations. The first oxidant is air. Performing at least one oxidant starvation comprises interrupting the supply of the first oxidant to the cathode, where performing at least one oxidant starvation comprises closing an oxidant supply valve to stop the flow of the first oxidant upstream of the fuel cell, and then opening the oxidant supply valve to allow the supply of the first oxidant to the cathode. Performing at least one oxidant starvation comprises reducing the amount of the first oxidant supplied to the cathode. Shutting down the fuel cell further comprises drawing an auxiliary load to substantially consume all the hydrogen in the anode, after removing the primary load and prior to bringing the anode to a high potential. Bringing the anode to a high potential comprises substantially displacing the hydrogen-based fuel in the anode with a second oxidant in less than 1.0 second; where the hydrogen-based fuel in the anode is displaced with the second oxidant in less than 0.2 seconds. The first oxidant is air. The second oxidant is air. Restarting the fuel cell comprises resupplying the hydrogen-based fuel to the anode; resupplying the first oxidant to the cathode; and drawing the primary load from the fuel cell stack while or after resupplying the hydrogen-based fuel to the anode and the first oxidant to the cathode are initiated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon powder is obtained by heating carbon black at 2500 degrees C in non-oxidizing atmosphere. The graphitization process is carried out at 2500 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The carbon black is oil furnace black, acetylene black, thermal black and/or channel black. The carbon black contains 0.01-5 %mass of boron. The catalyst further contains fibrous carbon. The fibrous carbon is vapor-growth carbon fiber. The vapor-growth carbon fiber contains 0.01-5 %mass of boron. The oxycarbonitride of niobium is of formula: NbCxNyOz. The oxycarbonitride of titanium is of formula: TiCaNbOc.x,y=0.01-2;z=0.01-3;x+y+z=5 or less;a,b=0-1;c=0.1-3;a+b+c=1-5;and4a+3b+2c=2 or more.Preferred Properties: The oxycarbonitride of niobium (Nb12O29) exhibits 2 or more diffraction peaks at angle of diffraction (2 theta ) of 33-43 degrees in X-ray diffraction peak. The oxycarbonitride of titanium has rutile-type crystal structure, measured by powder X-ray diffraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is made of sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The aqueous solution is made of the manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic junction material is made of 6 fluro-phosphoric acid lithium and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of free silane in the ethylenically unsaturated silane compound is 5-40 weight% with respect to total content of silane in the ethylene resin composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene resin composition further contains modified component (B) obtained by modifying ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer having density of 850-895 kg/m3 or less with ethylenically unsaturated silane compound, and additive chosen from ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and heat-resistant stabilizer. The ethylene polymer is in the form of powder or pellet. The content of modified component (B) is 90 parts weight or less with respect to 100 parts weight of modified component (A). Preferred Process: The modified component (A) is obtained by carrying out extrusion-melting of mixture of ethylene polymer, ethylenically unsaturated silane compound and organic peroxide. The modified component (B) is obtained by carrying out extrusion-melting of mixture of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, ethylenically unsaturated silane compound and organic peroxide. Preferred Property: The solar cell sealing material has storage elastic modulus of 2.5x 105-1.5x 108 Pa at 80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The resin film contains resin component containing a group reactive with the processing gas, and is chosen from fluororesin film, polymethyl methacrylate film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, polybutylene terephthalate film, polycyclohexane dimethanol terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film, polyolefin-type film, polyvinyl butyral film and polyimide film, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film. Preferred Process: The resin films are bonded together using or without using adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester in crystalline polyester resin (B) has 85 mol% or more of cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate unit with respect to total content of repeating units. The polyester film contains 0.5-30 wt.% of particles. Preferred Properties: The average number of components in the dispersed phase of polyester film is 0.1-5/ mu m length in film thickness direction. The elongation retention of polyester film is 30% or more, after processing at 125 degrees C for 48 hours in relative humidity of 100%. The elongation retention of polyester film is 20% or more, after irradiating with light having wavelength of 295-450 nm, peak wavelength of 365 nm and intensity of 100 mW/cm2 from metal halide lamp at 60 degrees C for 48 hours in relative humidity of 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal layers have one multiple metals, such silver, aluminum, gold, copper, nickel, platinum, tin, titanium and zinc. The transparent conductive oxide layer has a tin oxide, indium tin oxide or a zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is doted with aluminum, gallium or boron, and tin oxide or indium tin oxide is doted with fluorine. An unordered network is made of metallic nano-wires, which is embedded in an inorganic substrate, such as silicon oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metallic nano-wire is embedded in an organic substrate, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether or poly-ethylenedioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive device contains anti-diffusion layers of metals or transition metals such as titanium, palladium, chromium, aluminum, silver, gold, ytterbium, chromium, nickel, magnesium or iron. The outer layers consist of inorganic materials such as titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide. The substrate is selected from glass, aluminum foil or steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is also selected from textile material or plastic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal in metal soap, metal complex or metal oxide is aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, indium or antimony.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic silver solution contains silver salt of lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, neodecanoic acid, neopentanoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, ethyl butanoic acid and monomethyl succinic acid. The non-polymer-binder is chosen from metal soap, metal complex, metal alkoxide, halosilane, 2-alkoxy ethanol, ( beta )-diketone and alkyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film composition contains polymer-type binder or non-polymer-type binder, and/or silane coupling agent, aluminum coupling agent or titanium coupling agent. The polymer-type binder is chosen from acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyester, alkyd resin, polyurethane, acryl urethane, polystyrene, polyacetal, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose and siloxane polymer. The polymer-type binder contains metal complex, hydrolyzed metal alkoxide or metal soap of aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, magnesium, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, zinc, molybdenum or tin. Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive film has thickness of 0.03-0.5 mu m. The electroconductive reflecting film has thickness of 0.05-2 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester base film contains resin composition containing polyester with concentration of terminal carboxyl group of less than 15 g equivalent/106 g. The polyester resin composition contains polyester having terminal carboxyl group, epoxy compound and/or carbodiimide compound. The base film is polyethylene terephthalate film or vinyl fluoride resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin composition film further comprises (in parts weight) crosslinking adjuvant (0.1-5) and silane coupling agent (0.1-5). The polyolefin resin is polyethylene and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: One or multiple compounds are also used in the module, where the compounds are selected from di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate, driethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate or 1,2-dyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester. The film based on plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal contains 0.001-5 wt.% of silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetals are cross-linked via carboxyl groups due to polyaldehydes, glutardialdehyde or glyoxylic acid. Polyvinylbutyral is used as polyvinyl acetal. Preferred Process: The polyvinyl acetals are produced by preparing aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol by using aldehyde and an acid for precipitation of polyvinyl acetal at low temperature, where the reagent mixture is heated to high temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The organic redox compound is bis(dithiole) compound of formula (I) or polymer having polymeric group other than hydrophilic group, preferably polyamine, polycarboxylic acid or polymer which forms copolymer with amide or imide bond, and polyamine or polycarboxylic acid. The organic redox compound is chemically bonded with polymer having hydrophilic group. The positive electrode active material contains lithium-transition metal composite oxide and organic redox compound.R1-R4=linear or cyclic aliphatic group having oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus or boron, where at least one of R1-R4 contain carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxy, amino, amide or substituent containing their salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide or aluminum zinc oxide. The hole buffering layer is made of polyethylene oxide and metallic oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hole buffering layer is made of phthalocyanine copper. The cathode is made of aluminum, magnesium silver alloy or calcium aluminum alloy. The hole buffering layer is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hole buffering layer is made of 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene or poly p-styrene sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate layer is made of one of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The double layer glass is a float glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The segment (A2) has alcoholic hydroxyl group. The composition further contains polyisocyanate. The base material is sheet form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode material is platinum, silver/silver chloride, or indium tin oxide. The hydrogen ions produced from optical acid molecules in water are only allowed to transmit through membrane, while the optical acid molecules and the anions produced upon optical irradiation are not allowed to transmit through the membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The membrane contains acidic active groups in membrane structure. The acidic active group is -SO3H, -OPO3H2, -PO3H2, -COOH, or phenylhydroxy. The optical acid molecules are subjected to photodegradation in aqueous solution under illumination, and decomposed into hydrogen ions and anions. Under light-shielding condition, the hydrogen ions and anions produced upon photodegradation reform optical acid molecules. The optical acid molecule is naphthol derivative of formulae (I)-(IV), or pyrene derivative of formula (V)-(VII).X=K or Na; andn=1-7 (in formula II-IV); and 1-9 (in formulae V-VII).Preferred Properties: The concentration of aqueous solution of optical acid molecule is 1 mu M to concentration of saturated solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The membrane is made of sulfonated, phosphorylated, carboxylated, or phenol-hydroxylated polystyrene or perfluoropolystyrene, polyethylene or perfluoropolyethylene, polypropylene or perfluoropolypropylene, or polyvinyl chloride or perfluoropolyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of dissociable lithium salt is 106.5. Preferred Components: The dissociable lithium salt is lithium perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is 1x 105-1x 106. The molecular weight of polyphosphazene microball is 1380. Preferred Method: Sonication dispersing is conducted for 10-60 minutes. Magnetic stirring is performed for 5-25 hours. Drying is performed at 50 degrees C 24-48 hours. The polyphosphazene microball is surface modified through functional group comprising -OH, -COC, or -COOC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The non-woven fabric is glass fiber non-woven fabric having thickness of 0.08-0.10 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate or lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkene monomer is radically polymerized with acrylic ester monomer or acrylonitrile. The plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or dimethyl carbonate. The initiator is azo initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer glass cover plate is prepared by material of polycarbonate, olefin cyclo-olefin copolymer, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polymethyl methacrylate. A structure layer is prepared by polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat conducting agent comprises aluminum oxide, graphite, silicon carbide, carbon fiber, quartz powder and magnesium oxide. The heat adsorbing agent comprises lead sulfide, carbon black, copper oxide or iron/manganese/copper oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ethylene propylene rubber, polyphenylene sulfide, nylon, polyethylene glycol terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate. The solubilizing agent comprises polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride or polyoxyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, chlorinated polyethylene or styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, polyethylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate, polypropylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate, polyoxyethylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate, and chlorinated polyethylene or styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The backsheet further comprises filler (white or black filler) or UV absorber. Preferred Component: The heat spreader is inorganic oxide filler, hydroxide filler, nitride filler, metal filler, carbon and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester base material layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) film. The PCM is paraffin PCM. The paraffin PCM is PCM which has paraffin wax to the core, and crosslinked polymer to the shell. The paraffin wax is tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane and nonadecane. The axial direction heat sheet layer is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer or fluoric resin layer in which PCM and heat spreader are dispersed. The fluoric resin layer comprises polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy copolymer resin, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), expanded polyethylene, copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The visible light transmission rate is 92% or more. The refractive index of the light-diffusing agent is 1.1-1.8. The average particle diameter of the light-diffusing agent is 0.1-50 mu m. The adhesive sheet composition comprises 0.2-2 parts weight of organic peroxide with respect to ethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, and ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Different layers of laminated film contain polyvinyl fluoride film, polyethylene vinyl acetate film, aluminum film and polyvinyl fluoride, polypropylene glycol terephalate or superposed film of polymer layer and polypropylene glycol terephthalate. The polymer layer contains polyethylene glycol terephalate, polypropylene glycol terephalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene or polyvinyl fluoride. The fluorine-containing polymer is selected from vinyl polyfluoride, polyvinyl ethylene-polyvinyl propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl tetrafluoride, vinyl tetrafluoride-propylene hexafluoride-vinylidene chloride copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene or their mixture. The middle layer contains 2,6-naphthalate and 1,3-propylene glycol. The middle layer comprises polypropylene glycol, naphthalate and doping copolymer, which contains polypropylene glycol naphthalate. The doping copolymer is selected from polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polypropylene glycol terephthalate, polybutylene glycol terephthalate, polyethylene glycol naphthalate, polypropylene glycol naphthalate or their mixture. The upper two layers of the laminated film contain a stabilizer, which is selected from antioxidant, ultraviolet stabilizer, anti-corrosive agent or a heat stabilizer. The polypropylene glycol naphthalate layer contains poly(2,6-naphthalate 1,3-propylene glycol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The FEP resin is composed of high molecular weight constituent FEP resin and low molecular weight constituent FEP resin, where the content of the high molecular weight constituent FEP resin is 30-50% and the content of the low molecular weight constituent FEP resin is 70-50%. The thickness of the substrate is 0.01-0.3 mm or 0.07- 0.15 mm. The thickness of fluorosilicone forming membrane layer or silicon-titanium forming membrane layer is 0.01-5 mu or 0.1-2 mu . The fluorosilicone forming membrane layer is formed on the surface of the fluorine substrate by a plasma fluorosilicone process and the silicon-titanium forming membrane layer is formed on the surface of the fluorine substrate by a plasma silicon-titanium process. Preferred Method: The heating temperature in step (iv) is 80-150 degrees C for 10-60 seconds and the solid content of the fluorosilicone in the fluorosilicone compound is 1-90 %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of high molecular weight fluorinated ethylene propylene resin is 30-50% and the content of low molecular weight fluorinated ethylene propylene resin is 70-50%. The thickness of the base layer is 0.02-0.35 mm, preferably 0.15-0.3 mm. The thickness of the grafting layer is 0.01-5 mm, preferably 0.1-2 mm. The modifier is at least one siloxane, fluorosilicone or fluorine-containing acrylic ester. Preferred Method: The fluorinated ethylene propylene resin is formed by mixing the high molecular weight fluorinated ethylene propylene resin and low molecular weight fluorinated ethylene propylene resin. The grafting layer is prepared by activating the modifier with radiation. The heating temperature in the step (iv) is 40-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The transparent high-molecular film has thickness of 10-1000 nm, and light transmission rate of 75-92%. The conducting polymer has thickness of 0.01-5 micron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic anode contains aluminum, magnesium, lithium, calcium, copper, silver, platinum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer is poly(9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole-co-3-methyl-3-(4-vinyl-benzyloxymethyl)-oxetane). The transparent substrate contains glass, quartz, polyethylene terephthalate or polyether sulfone. The transparent electrode contains indium-tin oxide, dioxythiophene, polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectrode consists of titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, titanium strontium oxide, and niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photosensitive dye consists of ruthenium, osmium and iron complexes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound having oxidation-reduction property is chosen from sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salt. The ceramic nanofiller is chosen from titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide and zirconium oxide. Preferred Layer: The transparent conductive oxide layer contains fluorine-doped indium tin oxide or indium tin oxide. The nano-oxide layer contains titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dye is chosen from ruthenium complex dye, xanthene-type dye, cyanine-type dye, basic dye, porphyrin-type dye, azo dye, phthalocyanine dye, anthraquinone dye and polycyclic quinone-type dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel-type polymer electrolyte contains (in weight%) ceramic nanofiller (2-10), membranous polymer component (5-40) and liquid electrolyte (55-90) containing compound having oxidation-reduction property and organic solvent. The polymer component is chosen from polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene oxide and polyurethane. The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The front electrode contains silver. The rear electrode contains aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, and toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first cell and the second cell include at least one of amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon or single crystal silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In (I), each of the first cell and the second cell includes at least a photoelectric conversion layer interposed between a first conductive film and a second conductive film. The photoelectric conversion layer includes: a p-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer; or p-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic (i)-type semiconductor layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer. Preferred Method: In the method: a first conductive film, photoelectric conversion layer, and second conductive film is formed as each of the first cell and the second cell; a first conductive film, p-type semiconductor layer, n-type semiconductor layer, and a second conductive film are formed as each of the first cell and the second cell; and a first conductive film, p-type semiconductor layer, i-type semiconductor layer, n-type semiconductor layer, and a second conductive film are formed as each of the first cell and the second cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fibrous body is impregnated with the resin, where the resin is an organic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar module has one side surface disposed with many welded wires (211). The welded wires are respectively composed of many main welded wires and many connection welded wires, where the main welded wires respectively distributed on a surface of the solar module, the connection welded wires spaced apart and arranged at opposite sides of the main welded wires. The solar module is shaped as a leaf. The solar module is polygonal in shape. The solar module is formed a through hole. The packaging layer is made of transparent epoxy resin. The solar module is formed by reversely combining two solar modules together to let the main welded wires respectively located at an outer side of the solar module, the two solar modules having their outer sides sealed with the packaging layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Module: In the solar battery module, in the resin structure, the mixture ratio of the buffer material with respect to the resin is stepwise reduced as the distance from the glass substrate is increased. In the resin structure, the mixture ratio of the buffer material with respect to the resin is continuously reduced as the distance from the glass substrate is increased. The glass substrate has strength so that the glass substrate is not broken with application of a pressure of 2400 Pa. The resin includes at least one of a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a melanin resin, a thermosetting polyimide, polyurethane, unsaturated polyester, an alkyd resin, a urea resin, and an olefin resin. The buffer material comprises silicon oxide. In the resin structure, the mixture ratio of the buffer material with respect to the resin in a region contacting the glass substrate is greater than or equal to 640. The buffer material has a shape of an approximate sphere. Preferred Method: Alternatively, forming a solar battery module comprises: covering a glass substrate over a surface of which a photoelectric conversion film is formed, by a mixture material of a resin and a buffer material having a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the resin, and heating in a manner so that a temperature becomes higher as a distance from the glass substrate is increased, to cure the resin; and forming a resin structure so that a mixture ratio of the buffer material with respect to the resin is reduced as the distance from the glass substrate is increased.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphor comprises an electron-withdrawing substituent. The electron-withdrawing group is at least one electron-withdrawing group selected from cyano groups, nitro groups, halogens, hydroxyl groups, and sulfo groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent resin comprises a repeating unit having a carbonyl group. The transparent resin is polymethylmethacrylate or their substitution product. The concentration of the phosphor to the transparent resin is in a range of 0.7-2 wt.%. The transparent resin has a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 90%; and a haze value of less than or equal to 1%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive layer is ITO layer, IZO (indium zinc oxide) layer, AZO (aluminum doped zinc oxide) layer, GZO (gallium doped Zinc oxide) layer, or zinc oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active layer is made of poly(3-hexyl thiophene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM); or poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (MDMO-PPV:PCBM). The hole-transporting layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell sealing film comprises humidity control agent made of silica gel, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell sealing film is made up of ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, silane modification resin, alkoxy silyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The collector foil is made of a transparent greenhouse film e.g. ultraviolet 5- or polyethylene-film. The spacers are adhered to the roof with silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The transparent composite sheet has total light transmittance of 80% or more. The spherical nanoparticles have average primary particle diameter of 15-500 nm. The content of nanoparticles is 0.1-70 volume%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The partition material is made of ethylene-type resin, photoinitiator, polyfunctional acrylate or methacrylate having functionality of 3 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is made of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer resin and ethylene acrylate copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The photosensitive paste composition further contains glass powder (50 weight%) having particle size of 0.2-4 mu m and softening point of 350-700 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum alloy powder contains aluminum, zinc, indium, titanium, bismuth, silicon, copper, lanthanoid, manganese and magnesium. The content of aluminum in the aluminum alloy powder is 1-60 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin composition further comprises polymerization compounds of unsaturated ethylene double-bonds including groups formed by mono-functional (meth)acrylic ester, two-functional (meth)acrylic ester and more than three-functional (meth)acrylic ester; and polymerization initiator of sense radiation including o-acyl compound and/or acetophenone compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The middle group is selected from a group consisting of linear alkyl, linear fluorinated alkyl, polyethylene glycol and polyethylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The metal nanoparticles are chosen from gold, silver, platinum, copper, titanium, chromium and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porous gel template is made of a gel based on agarose, polyacrylamide, copolymer of agarose and polyacrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel (NIPAM), mixture of NIPAM and acrylic acid, porous polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymer, polystyrene-divinyl benzene and other porous structures with nanometer pore distribution. The transparent polymer is chosen from polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate) e.g. Lucite (RTM: Acrylic-based product), Perspex (RTM: Poly(methyl methacrylate)) and their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of connective molecules (C) is 100-500 mol%. The number-of-moles of precursor group (b) of the ionically-dissociative group per gram is 0a-0.9a mmol/g, where a is number-of-moles of the precursor group (a) of the ionically-dissociative group per gram. The precursor groups (a) and (b) are sulfonyl fluoride, sulfonyl chloride, carbonyl fluoride and/or carbonyl chloride. The connective chain is fluorine-containing connective chain of formula: -(CF2)n -. The spacer group has fluorine-containing structure of formula: -(CF2)m- or -(CF2)m-O-(CF2)m-.m=1-10;andn=5-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic diamine (b) has structure in which two amino groups are directly bonded to the fused ring. The fused ring is a phenanthridine structure or fluorene structure in which carbon atom in ninth position is optionally substituted by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. The proton-conducting group is a sulfonic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane has methanol permeation rate of 0.025 mmol/hour/cm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The catalyst is prepared by mixing water-soluble compound(s) of metals with catalyst support material in water to form aqueous mixture; adding reducing agent, particularly hydrazine, sodium borohydride, formic acid, or formaldehyde to the aqueous mixture; evaporating liquid in aqueous mixture to obtain solid material; and calcining solid material in inert atmosphere at 600-1000 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. Preferred Components: The metals comprises platinum, rhodium, and titanium, manganese, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, nickel, copper, zirconium, zinc, iron, ruthenium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, and/or gold. The catalyst contains rhodium (1-10, preferably 1-3 mol%). The catalyst comprises catalyst particles having size of 30-90 Angstrom (20-60 wt.%) provided on catalyst support material. EXAMPLE - A catalyst comprising (mol%) platinum (52.2), cobalt (40) and rhodium (7.8) was prepared. The catalyst had average particle size of 32 Angstrom and electrochemically active surface area (ECA) of 96.2 m2/g, as compared to average particle size of 51 Angstrom and ECA of 25.7 m2/g for platinum-cobalt catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The multiple metal elements comprise platinum, iridium and an element X' selected from the group consisting of Ti, Mn, Co, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zr, Zn, and Fe. The molar percentage of X' based on the total amount of metal in the alloy catalyst is 30-50 (preferably 35-50) mol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the alloy catalyst having multiple elements involving: mixing at least one of water soluble compound of the multiple metal element with a catalyst support material in water to form an aqueous mixture; adding a reducing agent selected from hydrazine, sodium borohydride, formic acid, and formaldehyde to the aqueous mixture; evaporating the liquid in the aqueous mixture to obtain a solid material; and calcining the solid material in an inert atmosphere at 600-1000 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. Preferred Catalyst: The alloy catalyst comprises particles provided on a catalyst support material. The alloy catalyst has a particle size of 30-90 Angstrom . The alloy catalyst is present in an amount of 20-60 wt.% based on a total weight of the alloy catalyst and the support material. Preferred Definitions:    k=35-50;    j=5-10;    i=40-50;    X=Co.    The values of the i, j and k are in mol.%.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum silicate compound is baked kaolin or pyrophyllite clay. The content of inorganic particles in the porous layer is 90-99 %mass. Preferred Property: The inorganic particles have average particle diameter of 0.1-4 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin binder is polyvinyl alcohol. The porous film contains resin composition comprising polypropylene, and polyolefin other than polypropylene. The content of polypropylene in the resin is 1-35 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The content of vinyl acetate repeating unit with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 parts mass. Preferred Property: The film has arithmetic average surface roughness of 1.7-2.2 mu m and average distance between fine recesses and projections of 600-1200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Ink: In ink (I1), the chalcogen compound is present, zinc source is present, and elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, or a mixture of elemental sulfur and selenium is present, and the molar ratio of (S+Se) is 0.2-5 relative to the tin source. The ink has been heat-processed at temperature of greater than 100 degrees C. The ink further comprises at least one additive (up to 10 wt.%) selected from: dispersants, surfactants, polymers, binders, ligands, capping agents, defoamers, thickening agents, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, and dopants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the total number of moles of the chalcogen compound, the sulfur- and selenium-based organic ligands, and the copper-, tin-, and zinc-sulfides and selenides to the total number of moles of the copper, tin and zinc complexes is at least 1. The chalcogen compound is a liquid at room temperature. The tin source is a liquid at room temperature. The molar ratio of copper to tin is 2:1. The molar ratio of copper to zinc to tin is about 2:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-, oxygen-, carbon-, sulfur-, and selenium-based organic ligands are selected from: amidos; alkoxides; acetylacetonates; carboxylates; hydrocarbyls; O-, N-, S-, halogen-, and tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl-substituted hydrocarbyls; thio- and selenolates; thio-, seleno-, and dithiocarboxylates; dithio-, diseleno-, and thioselenocarbamates; and dithioxanthogenates. Preferred Solvent: The solvent is present and the boiling point of the solvent is greater than 100 degrees C at atmospheric pressure. The solvent is selected from aromatics, heteroaromatics, nitriles, amides, alcohols, pyrrolidinones, amines, and their mixtures. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The thickness of the film covering layer is 0.015-0.02 mm and that of the printing layer is 0.02-0.03 mm. The both the film covering and the printing layers are the poly vinyl chloride layers and the pattern is arranged on the inner surface of the printing layer. The double-layer colored sleeve is an overheating shrinkage sleeve. Preferred Method: The step of forming the double-layer colored sleeve with a printing layer and a film covering layer specifically is forming the printing layer and the film covering layer, and adhering the printing layer and the film covering layer with glue water through a glue water roller and pressing them through a roller wheel and placing them for airing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell comprises proton exchange membrane having a side with catalyst layer; and gas diffusion layer in engagement with catalyst layer opposite proton exchange membrane, the gas diffusion layer in fluid communication with flow field; and the material arranged at an interface between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer. The material is provided in the catalyst layer. The material is non-conductive zeolite. The first temperature is the freezing point of water. The fuel cell comprises catalyst layer with greater than 40% porosity comprising hydrophilic ionomer including perfluorosulfonic acid material of equivalent weight of less than 1100/equivalent weight gram. The proton exchange membrane includes hydrophilic membrane, and the proton exchange membrane is 18-35 mu m thick. The catalyst layer includes hydrophilic membrane, and the catalyst layer is 5-16 mu m thick. The gas diffusion layer comprises carbon substrate having first wicking capacity, the carbon substrate coated with modifier material that provides the gas diffusion layer with a second wicking capacity greater than the first wicking capacity. The modifier material is a hydrophilic material including sulfonic acid groups. The hydrophilic material includes polystyrene sulfonic acid, or perfluorosulfonic acid. The carbon substrate is carbon fiber material having carbonized phenolic binder. The modifier material includes carbon black untreated or treated with polyvinyl alcohol and at least one of tin and titanium hydroxide. The modifier material includes PTFE mixed with carbon black. Preferred Contents: The hydrophilic membrane is 10-35 mu m thick. The perfluorosulfonic acid material comprises equivalent weight 800-1100/equivalent weight gram. The hydrophilic membrane includes 0.2-0.3 volume fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material is chosen from indium-tin oxide, transparent conductive oxide, gold, platinum and diamond. The inorganic material comprised in semiconductor substrate is chosen from silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, glass, transparent conductive oxide and quartz. The inorganic material comprised in inorganic material structure is chosen from silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, aluminum antimonide, indium phosphide, indium selenide, indium telluride, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, bismuth sulfide, copper sulfide, molybdenum selenide, tungsten selenide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, cupric oxide, cuprous oxide, gallium nitride and zinc oxide. The band gap of inorganic material is more than band gap of organic compound. The nanotemplate of solar cell is anodic aluminum oxide nanotemplate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic compound comprised in organic compound structure is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene, polyacetylene, poly p-phenylenevinylene and poly-N-vinylcarbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkoxyalkyl group-containing amide compound is chosen from N-methoxyethyl methylcarbamate, N-methoxyethyl-N-methyl methylcarbamate, N-methoxymethyl-N-methyl methylcarbamate, N-methyl-N-methoxyethyl carbamate, N-methyl-N-methoxyethyl methoxy methylcarbamate, N-methoxyethyl caprolactam and N-methoxyethyl oxazolidone. The molar ratio of alkoxyalkyl group-containing amide compound and lithium salt is 8:1. The ester compound is chosen from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, butyl butyrate and t-butyl propionate. The electrolyte further contains carbonate-type compound chosen from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl methyl carbonate and ( gamma )-butyrolactone, and has viscosity of 200 cP or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bare busbar is copper bars or copper aluminum-clad bars.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid anhydride fixing agent is phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and/or methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. The flame-retardant active filler is magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, antimonous oxide and tetrabromo bisphenol-A.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bisphenol-A liquid epoxy resin is diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The lead film includes a thermal curing layer on one side. The thermal curing layer is formed with a thermosetting resin chosen from melamine resin, phenol resin urea resin and polyurethanes. The thermal curing layer has thickness (10-100 mu m). The thermal curing layer is formed on cross section or both sides of litho film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component(s) comprises heavy metal. The heavy metal immobilizing agent comprises precipitating agent, complexing agent, sorbent, or stabilization agent. The precipitating agent is sulfide, hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, or silicate. The complexing agent includes nitrogen-containing group, sulfur-containing group, phosphorus-containing group, or acid group. The sorbent is zeolites, apatites, clay, oxides, metal oxides, zero valent iron, carbon, tannin-rich materials, modified natural fibers, or modified synthetic fibers. The stabilization agent includes a cementitious material, or the heavy metal-immobilizing agent is part of a base chain of a polymeric adhesive or interlayer material, optionally including a functional group. Preferred Method: The method further comprises immersing an interlayer material in a solution containing the heavy metal-immobilizing agent. The depositing comprises spin-coating the heavy metal-immobilizing agent onto a metal layer prior to interlayer placement or lamination. The method further comprises drying the heavy metal-immobilizing agent. It further comprises encapsulating the photovoltaic module in a frame, and remediating solder by contacting the solder with a flowable sealant including the heavy metal-immobilizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The complexing agent includes carbonyl group, EDTA, cysteine, xanthate, trimercaptotriazine, di-n-propyldithiophosphate, ion exchange resin, bead, or membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive semiconductor layer is applied on the back cover and adhered with the transparent front cover using the film or the photosensitive semiconductor layer is applied on the front cover and adhered with the back cover using the film. The photosensitive semiconductor layer is embedded between the two polyvinyl acetal based films, and adhered with the front and back covers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antiblocking agent comprises 0.001-5 wt.% of one or more mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-pentaerythritol ester compound of formula (I).R1-R4 = -CO-10-14C-alkyl, preferably -C(=O)-C17H35, or H.Where R1-R4 are not simultaneously H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized, polyvinyl acetal based film exhibits a haze value of 0.1-20. Polyvinyl acetal exhibits a specific resistance of at least 1E 13 Ohmx cm, in an ambient humidity of 85% and at 23 degrees C. The amount of polyvinyl alcohol in polyvinyl acetal is less than 22 wt.%. The film contains: metal salts of 1-15C-carboxylic acid, as a base compound; and 0.001-5 wt.% of silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - One side of the support is coated with an inorganic material selected from the group of oxides, such as phosphate, sulfate, titanate, silicate and aluminosilicate containing one of the elements such as zirconium, aluminum and lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support is an organic material, particularly non-woven fabric or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polymer is by Suzuki-, Yamamoto-, Stille- or Hartwig-Buchwald-polymerization process. Preferred Components: (I) is a 9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluorene compound of formula (Ia)-(Va). The polymer is a partially conjugated polymer, where the conjugation is interrupted by (I). The polymer further comprises a structural unit, which is a triplet-emitter unit. The low molecular substance is a triplet-emitter. The further structural unit is: either triarylamine, benzidine, tetraaryl-p-phenylenediamine, triarylphosphine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, dihydrophenazine, thianthrene, dibenzo-p-dioxin, phenoxathiin, carbazole, azulene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan derivative or further oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen containing heterocycle with a highest occupied molecular orbital in the polymer of greater than -5.8 eV; or pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, oxadiazole, quinoline, quinoxaline, anthracene, benzanthracene, pyrene, perylene, benzimidazole, triazine, ketone, phosphine oxide or phenazine derivative, triarylborane or further oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen containing heterocycle with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of less than -1.9 eV; or 4,5-dihydropyrene, 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene, fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 5,7-dihydrodibenzooxepine, cis or trans-indenofluorene or its derivatives, where the further structure unit forms a part of the backbone of the polymer. Preferred Definitions:    L1, L2 = a covalent bond;    W1 = C, Si or Ge; and    U1, V1 = a covalent bond or CR1R2.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate repeating unit content of copolymer is 20-35 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microparticle support contains oxide and/or nitride. Oxide contains lanthanum, strontium, cerium, calcium, barium, yttrium, erbium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, magnesium, niobium, bismuth, antimony, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, tin, zirconium, molybdenum, indium, tantalum and/or tungsten. The nitride contains iron, vanadium, titanium, chromium, zirconium, and/or tantalum. The electrode catalyst contains microparticles, and 1-40 wt.% of alloy containing noble metal and/or noble metal having average particle diameter of 1-20 nm which are supported to the microparticles. Preferred Properties: The microparticle support has electroconductivity of 10 S/cm or more, and specific surface area of 3 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The adhesive compounds are selected from organic peroxide, silane coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, resorcinol type compound and melamine type compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive rubber portion is made of materials selected from ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and hydrogenation acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive film further contains a monomer and/or an oligomer as binder component (4). Particles (2-b) are coupled with particles (2-a) more firmly through the binder component. The chemical bonding is graft polymerization, preferably radiation graft polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive ion etching pre-process is carried out in presence of gas chosen from argon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide gas. The inorganic compound layer contains aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide and/or zinc oxide. The metal in metal alkoxide contained in gas-barrier coating layer is silicon, aluminum, titanium and/or zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primer layer contains composite of silane coupling agent or its hydrolyzate containing functional group reactive with hydroxyl group of polyol and isocyanate group of isocyanate compound. The composite contains metal alkoxide of formula: M(OR)n, or hydrolyzate of metal alkoxide.M=metallic element;R=CH3 or C2H5;andn=oxidation number of metallic element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier coating layer contains water-soluble high-molecular compound, metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate, and/or polymer. The water-soluble high-molecular compound is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, cellulose and starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing sheet further contains black coloring agent other than activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is chosen from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Films: The colored hydrolysis-resistant resin film is polyethylene terephthalate film, and has a hue chosen from white, black and blue. The polyethylene terephthalate film has oligomer content of less than 0.8 weight%. The water-vapor barrier film is a thin film layer provided with polyethylene terephthalate resin film containing metal oxide, and/or aluminum foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The various resin layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric mat comprises nonwoven polyester material (preferably polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates, polytrimethylene terephthalates, and/or polyethylene naphthalates). The polymeric mat excludes a binder material. The encapsulant comprises ethylene vinyl acetates, ethylene methyl acetates, ethylene butyl acetates, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, silicones, polyurethanes, thermoplastic olefins, ionomers, acrylics, and/or polyvinyl butyrals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises the compound (E) in an amount of 20-85 (preferably 30-75) wt.%. Preferred Components: The compound (E) is a compound of formula (T1)n-J-Rf-J'-(T2)m. The compound (E) is selected from 8 compounds as given in the specification; e.g. acrylate compound of formula (H2C=C(R'h)-C(O)O)n-A-(CH2CF2O)-Rf-(CF2CH2O)-A'-(OC(O)-C(R1h)=CH2)m (Ia); or a compound of formula H2C=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2NHCOOCH2CF2O(CF2CF2O)p1(CF2O)q1CF2CH2OCONHCH2CH2OCOC(CH3)=CH2 (Ib). The compound (M) comprises at least one (meth)acryloyl function. The crosslinking initiator is a photoinitiator selected from: alpha-hydroxyketones; phenylglyoxylates; benzyldimethyl-ketals; alpha-aminoketones; and bis-acyl-phosphines.Rf=(per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain (preferably -(CF2O)p(CF2CF2O)q(CFY1O)r(CF2CFY1O)s-(CF2(CF2)zCF2O)t)-);J and J'=bond or a divalent or polyvalent bonding group;n and m=1-3;T1 and T2=-OCO-C(R'h)=CH2, -OCO-NH-CO-C(R'h)=CH2 or -OCO-R'a-C(R'h)=CH2;R'h=H or 1-6C alkyl;R'a=-NH-R'b-OCO- or -NH-R'b-NHCOO-R'c-OCO-;R'b and R'c=divalent or polyvalent bonding group selected from 1-20C aliphatic group, 5-40 cycloaliphatic group, 6-50C (hetero)aromatic, or alkylaromatic group;Y1=1-5C perfluoro(oxy)alkyl;p-t=integer greater than 0 (selected such that the molecular weight of the chain Rf is more than 500 and less than 4000);z=1 or 2;A and A'=bond or a di-, tri- or tetra-valent bonding group;R'h and R1h=H or 1-6C alkyl;p1 and q1=integers selected so that the molecular weight of chain Rf is more than 500 and less than 4000 (preferably 1200-3000, more preferably 1500-2500). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A layer of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material is deposited prior to the formation of at least one electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: A layer of frontside metal wires is placed between the frontside electrode grid and the polymer layer, and the frontside metal wires are soldered to the frontside electrode grid during the lamination process. The backside electrode comprises silver or aluminum finger grid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: A layer of adhesive polymer is placed between the frontside glass cover and the frontside electrode grid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The metal halide lamp type weathering test conforms to JTM G 01:2000 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode comprising a positive electrode film coated on each side of a positive electrode current collector, each positive electrode film having a thickness of 10-150 mu m, the positive electrode current collector having a thickness of 5-100 mu m. Each positive electrode film further comprises a binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intercalation active material is selected from a transition metal oxide, a metal chalcogenide and/or graphite. The intercalation active material is a graphite having a lattice interplane (002) d-value (d(002)) obtained by X-ray diffraction of 3.35-3.34 (preferably 3.354-3.370) Angstrom . The graphite further has a crystallite size (Lc) in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray diffraction of at least 200 (preferably 200-1000) Angstrom . The graphite further has an average particle diameter of 1-30 mu m. The graphite further has a specific surface area of 0.5-50 m2/g; and a true density of 1.9-2.25 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride. Preferred Definitions:    A=Li;    M=Ti3+, V3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co3+, Nl3+, Mo3+, Nb3 or MInMIIo;    o,n=less than 0;or    o+n=0-3;    MI=Ti2+, V2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mo2+, Si2+, Sn2+ or Pb2+;    MII=Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ or Ge2+;    XY4=PO4;    e=0.    At least one of MI and MII is redox active.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon atom-containing compound layer contains polysilsesquioxane containing (meth)acryl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The transparent conductive glass substrate is tin oxide transparent conductive glass substrate doped with fluorine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The dye is black dye or ruthenium(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)2(isothiocyanate)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The flexible transparent conductive substrate is conductive polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a conductive layer of indium oxide doped with tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor quantum dot is a semiconductor nanoparticle which absorbs UV-near infrared ray at 200-1100 nm and has a bandgap of 1.1-6 eV. The semiconductor quantum dot is a IV-group element, an alloy of II and VI-group elements, an alloy of III and V-group elements, an alloy of I, III, and/or VI-group elements. The semiconductor quantum dot has a core/shell structure of (II and VI-group elements)/(II and VI-group elements) alloys. It comprises aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, zinc oxide, indium phosphide, silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, copper indium disulfide, copper indium diselenide, cadmium sulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, and/or cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The p-type organic polymer is poly(N-vinylcarbazole), poly(1-methoxy-4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy-2,5-phenylenevinylene)), poly(phenylenevinylene), and/or poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) whose ends are capped with dimethylphenyl. The n-type organic compound is 1,3,5-tris-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)- 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and/or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline. The p-type organic polymer, the n-type organic compound, and the semiconductor quantum dot are each used in an amount of 0.1-10 pts.wt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The small molecule comprises pentacene, tetracene, hexabenzcoronene, phthalocyanine, porphyrins, a derivative of pentacene, a derivative of tetracene, a derivative of hexabenzcoronene, a derivative of phthalocyanine and/or a derivative of porphyrins. The 60C derivative is phenyl 61C-butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The p-type semiconductor polymer comprises polythiophene, polyfluorene, polyphenylenevinylene, a derivative of polythiophene, a derivative of polyfluorene, a derivative of polyphenylenevinylene, poly(3-hexylthiophene), a conjugated oligomer, and a small molecule. The derivative of polythiophene comprises poly (dioctyfluorene) and/or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). The conjugated oligomer is sexithiophene. The n-type semiconductor polymer comprises 60C and its derivative, 70C its derivative, carbon nanotubes and their derivative, 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole and its derivative, N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide and its derivative, a poly(2,5,2',5'-tetrahexyloxy-7,8'-dicyano-di-p-phenylenevinylene), poly(9,9'-dioctylifluorene-co-benzothiadiazole), and a semiconductor nanoparticle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moist material contains a pasty, solvent-containing substance that contains metals like aluminum, silver, copper, chromium, vanadium, palladium, titanium, molybdenum, glasses that contain metal oxides, semimetals, boron, phosphorus, ceramics such as silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide (AlxOy), silicon carbide, silicon nitride (Si3Nx) and carbon of various morphology such as soot, graphite, nanotubes and fullerine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The base layer is made of an electrically insulating material. The base layer is a roofing material or a roofing membrane. The base layer is made of polyvinyl chloride, thermoplastic olefin, ethylene propylene diene monomer, or polyvinyl fluoride. The base layer is flexible or rigid. The primary, secondary, and tertiary adhesives comprise a glue, a resin, or a sealant. The semi-rigid panel is made of fiber-reinforced plastics or advanced polymer alloys. The ultraviolet resistant layer is made of polycarbonate or polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The photovoltaic layer comprises monocrystalline solar cells or polycrystalline solar cells. The base material further comprises a cover sheet adhered to the ultraviolet resistant layer. The cover sheet is disposed on the ultraviolet resistant layer such that cover sheet extends beyond its edge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane comprises a glycidoxy silane or an amino silane. Preferred Method: The coating is formed by applying a coating composition onto the polyester film before the film has been completely stretched.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second polymer blocks comprise polyethylene glycol blocks, urethane blocks, vinyl blocks, or polyethylene blocks. The polyester film is at least uniaxially or biaxially stretched. The coating contains 40-99.9 (preferably 70-99) wt.% of the block copolymer and 0.1-60 wt.% of silane. The bonding layer contains 40-99 wt.% of block copolymer and 0.1-60 wt.% of silane. The coating or bonding layer is present on the first side of the polyester film at an amount of 1x 10-3-8x 10-3 pounds/1000 square foot. The polymeric layer contains functional groups and the silane contained in the bonding layer is chemically reacted with the second polymer blocks located on the block copolymer and with the functional groups contained in the polymeric layer. The bond strength between the first side of the polyester film and the polymeric layer has an initial strength of at least 50 N/15 mm. The bond strength between the first side of the polyester film and the polymeric layer is at least 50% of the initial bond strength after exposure to an atmosphere at 85% relative humidity and at 85 degrees C for 1000 hours. The polymeric layer contains an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyolefin, an ionomer or an elastomer. Preferred Method: The polyester blocks contained in the block copolymer are attached to the first side of the polyester film and the silane reacts with the second blocks of the block copolymer and with the polymeric layer. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate consists of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, acryl, etc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic monocarboxylic acid ester is benzoic-acid isodecyl. The polymerization degree of polyvinyl acetal resin is 400-3500. The degree of acetalization of polyvinyl acetal resin is 70-90%. The thickness of sheet is 0.1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used for dissolving the copolymer is toluene, chloroform, dimethylformamide or benzene. The solvent for forming the colloidal solution is isopropanol, ethanol or methanol. The titanium oxide sol-gel precursor solution contains titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetrabutoxide or titanium alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The diblock copolymer is poly(styrene-ethylene oxide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The light-receiving portion contains single crystal silicon, polycrystal silicon or amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulating composition contains solvent having concentration of 0.1-10 M, and silicon nitride or titanium dioxide. The solvent is ethanol, dimethylformamide, toluene or water. The template has release layer and heteromaterial layer on surface of polymer sheet. The electrical material layer contains (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetra-hydrodecyl)trichlorosilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The template is made of polycarbonate, polydimethyl acrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene, nitrocellulose, acetyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene, polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl acetal, polyether ketone, polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane and h-polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic solvent is 0.1-5 weight%. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium aluminate, lithium-aluminum tetrachloride, lithium chloride, lithium iodide and/or lithium salt of formula: (LiN(CxF2x+SO2)(CyF2y+SO2), where x and y are natural numbers).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and/or butylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shape of the water purifying filter core of water purifying device is a round cake shape structure with a diameter of 300-500 mm and length of 15-50 mm or a cylindrical structure with diameter of 15-50 mm and length of 300-500 mm. The material of the water purifying filter core is active carbon, ceramic filter core and/or reverse osmosis membrane filter core. The shell of the water purifying device is made of plastic by injection molding or steel by pressing molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate of solar cell is glass substrate containing indium-tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide/alumina, tin oxide, and/or zinc oxide. The semiconductor particles of the solar cell contain silicon, titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungstic oxide, niobium pentoxide, and/or titanium-strontium oxide. The electrode of solar cell comprises platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon, and/or conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate of solar cell is plastic substrate chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, and cellulose triacetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid salt is chosen from carboxylate, sulfonate, and phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The copolymer has molecular weight of 10000-30000 and molecular weight distribution of 1.5-5. Preferred Composition: The electron donor and/or electron receptor further contains 60C fullerene, 70C fullerene, 84C fullerene or their derivatives, (6,6)-phenyl-61C-methyl butyrate, and poly(3-hexylthiophene), polythiophene, poly(para-phenylenevinylene), polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylpyridine, polyfluorene, polypyridine and/or their derivative. Preferred Component: The solar cell further has hole-transport layer containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(3-hexylthiophene), polythiophene, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylpyridine, polyfluorene, polypyridine and/or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The glycol ether compound is of formula: C6H5-CH2O-(CH2CH2O)m(CH2CHCH3O)n-H (I) and/or R-O-(CH2CH2)m(CH2CHCH3O)n-H (II).m,n=0-20;andR=1-16C alkyl.Preferred Composition: The glycol ether compound is chosen from monoethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, pentaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether. The alcohol compound is chosen from ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. The mixture of organic acid and inorganic acid is citric acid, gluconic acid, hypophosphorous acid, sulfamic acid and/or tartaric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The barrier layer is metal foil (preferably aluminum foil and/or copper foil).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The arithmetic mean deviation of the rubber-made press roll surface is measured in accordance with JIS-B0601 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder comprises (wt.%) bismuth oxide (20-75), diboron trioxide (10-50), silicon dioxide (2-10), calcium oxide (2-8), alumina (0.5-4.5), zinc oxide (0-5), magnesia (0-2), zirconia (0-3), and strontia (0-2). It has a median diameter of 0.05-6 mu m. An initial melting point of the glass powder is 630-730 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area of the second-order powder is 5-100 m2/g. The median diameter of the first-order powder is 3.5-7 mu m. The slurry comprises (wt.%) first aluminum powder (15-50), second aluminum powder (0.5-40), glass powder (0.2-15), and organic carrier (10-35).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic carrier comprises (wt.%) ethyl cellulose (3-15), solvent (80-97), and a modified phenolic or epoxy resin (0-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The second material includes several of first chemical structures. The third material includes several second chemical structures, where each of the several of second chemical structures includes portion that generates electron, where at least one of several of first chemical structures and at least one of several of second chemical structures are chemically bonded to the polymer. The portion of photovoltaic element comprises a dye. The second material includes an electron acceptor. The first material suppresses moving of the electron from the second material to the third material. The first material suppresses transferring of chemical species. The first material includes a hydrophobic group. The first material in the form of film has several first chemical structure and several second chemical structure arranged along surface of the film. The component of photovoltaic element further comprises protection material that protects first material, second material, and the third material. The protection material is capable of transporting a hole. The protection material includes hydrophobic group, and the portion includes a dye. The protection material includes a polymer. The protection material is bonded to a first polar group, where the first polar group is disposed oppositely to a second polar group, and second polar group is bonded to the third material. The component of photovoltaic element further comprises bonding group that is bonded to a base, portion of the second material or portion of the third material bonded to the bonding group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanodots comprise amino groups (NH2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thin film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and/or polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Si-based nanostructures are Si-based nanowires or Si-based nanoparticles. The Si-based nanowires have core-shell structure. The core comprises Si, and shell comprises carbon. Preferred Materials: The battery slurry further comprises carbon-based material. The carbon-based materials are carbon or graphite. The battery further comprises cathode, and electrolyte separator positioned between anode and cathode. The cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO2), lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide/lithium nickel cobalt LiNiCoAlO/LiNiCoMnO+LiMn2O4, LiCoFePO4 or LiNiO2. Preferred Properties: The Si-based nanowires have diameter of 20-200 nm, and length of 0.1-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive (1-80, preferably 10 wt.%) further comprises polymer binder disposed on Si-based nanostructures. Preferred Components: The polymer binder is polyvinylidene difluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In obtaining nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline TiO2, the substrate of step (a) is at a temperature of 500 degrees C. The pulsed laser deposition is performed at an energy of 200 to 600 mJ and a frequency of between 1 and 20 Hz. The pulsed laser deposition is performed at an energy of 400 mJ and a frequency of 10 Hz. X+Y is 10 Pa. The ratio of partial pressures is selected from 4:6, 3:7 or 2:8. The partial pressure ratio is 2:8. Preferred Device: In the device, the conductive polymer is selected from poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT, Phenyl-C61-Butyric-Acid-Methyl-Ester (PCBM), Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) or mixtures. The conducting polymer is MEH-PPV. The metal counter electrode is selected from Ag, Au, Pt, Ca or Al. The metal is Ag counter electrode. The solar cell is selected from a solar cell or hybrid organic solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: (I) are typically prepared by (4 + 2) cycloaddition of unsaturated compounds (e.g. alkynes or alkenes) onto dienes, followed by thermal or oxidative aromatization (to give fluoranthenes) and cyclodehydrogenation. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 4 compounds (I) is disclosed, i.e. 2,3,10,11-tetraethyl-1,4,9,12-tetraphenyl-diindeno-(cd:lm)-perylene, 2,3,10,11-tetrabutyl-1,4,9,12-tetraphenyl-diindeno-(cd:lm)-perylene and 1,4,9,12-tetraphenyl-diindeno-(cd:lm)-perylene.    EXAMPLE - An organic solar cell was produced by covering a glass sample successively with:    (a) a transparent base electrode of tin-doped indium oxide; a 1 nm layer of NDP9 (RTM: p-dopant and acceptor material) (II); and a 25 nm layer of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-(4'-N,N-bis-(naphth-1-yl)-amino)-biphenyl)-4-yl)-benzidine doped with 5% (II);    (b) light absorbing layers consisting of 6 nm dibenzoperiflanthene (Ia), 30 nm mixture of (Ia) and fullerene C60 (ratio 2:3) and 35 nm C60;    (c) 6 nm 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as exciton blocker later; and    (d) 10 nm aluminum as back contact.    The cell, of simple construction, had:    (i) a high photocurrent of 8.08 mA/cm 2(in the absence of the conventional absorber zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)), showing that the C60 and (Ia) potentiated each other's absorption and together removed no photons,    (ii) a filling factor of 43.1%, showing that that energy level was not optimally adjusted,    (iii) a high load-free voltage of 0.905 V (almost twice that of a conventional C60-ZnPc system), demonstrating a favorable distribution of energy levels between the two absorber materials and    (iv) an efficiency of 3.15% (compared with 2-2.5% for C60-ZnPc systems), this value being attained without absorption at ca. 650 nm so that higher values are possible on inclusion of a red absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition further contains 0.001-10 parts mass of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate and 0.001-50 parts mass of filler with respect to 100 parts mass of monofunctional (meth)acrylate. The monofunctional (meth)acrylate contains 70-100 %mass of isostearyl acrylate with respect to total amount of monofunctional (meth)acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The saturated thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar-cell sealing film contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rigid back element is made up of thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA), ethylene-mythylene-acrylate (EMAC), neoprene, and polychlorosulfonated polymer (Hypalon).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The light guiding layers are made of acrylic material, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyimide, silicon resin or glass. The light diffusion layer is made of acrylic material, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyimide or silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating elements consists of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semiconductor comprises silicon (Si), silicon-germanium (SiGe), or silicon germanium carbon (SiGeC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shaft is made of plastic such as polyamide and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first metal composition is pure lead, and second metal composition is lead alloy comprising an alkaline earth metal, alkaline metal or tin. The bi-pole assembly further comprises a positive active material (PAM) (1) and negative active material (NAM) (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide is tungsten trioxide, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide, ferric oxide , cobalt oxide, iridium oxide, rhodium oxide and manganese oxide. The transition metal is a metal, alloy, hydride, chalcogenide or telluride formed from manganese, magnesium, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, vanadium, chromium, iron, bismuth, antimony, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, niobium, tellurium and selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ions of gas chosen from hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, neon, xenon, krypton, silicon compound, and hydrocarbon are injected into the layer. Preferred Property: The molded article has water-vapor permeability of less than 0.5 g/m2/day at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The region (A) is formed in the surface layer portion of the layer containing polysilane compound, and an ion is injected into the layer by plasma ion-implantation. The polysilane compound is compound having repeating unit of formula: -(Si(-R1)(-R2))- (I).R1,R2=H, amino, optionally substituted silyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, OH, alkoxy, cycloalkyl oxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy or halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The casting mass is silicone, polyurethane, acrylate or epoxide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: In the device, the unit comprising x mole fraction of the copolymer and the unit comprising y mole fraction of the copolymer are repeated in a random manner. The device is configured as an organic photovoltaic device comprising an anode, a cathode, and in between the anode and the cathode the semiconductor component; is configured as an organic light emitting diode comprising a substrate, an anode, a cathode, and in between the anode and the cathode the semiconductor component; and is configured as an organic transistor further comprising a third electrode and a dielectric component, where the semiconductor component is in contact with the first electrode and the third electrode, and the dielectric component is in contact with the semiconductor component on one side and the second electrode on an opposite side. Preferred Components: The semiconductor component is photoactive and comprises a blend material, where the copolymer in the blend material functions as an electron-donor and the blend material further comprises an electron-acceptor compound. The electron-acceptor compound is a fullerene compound. The fullerene compound is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The copolymer (I) has a degree of polymerization (n) of 10-10000. The copolymer (I) is selected from 23 compounds as given in the specification, e.g. copolymer of formula (Ia).T'=group of formula (i). Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R2=H;    R3 and R4=1-40C alkyl or 1-40C alkoxy;    x=0.5-0.9;    y=0.1-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pipes are made of polypropylene, and the thermal insulation material consists of a polystyrene foam material. (124)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Weather-resistant layer material is fluorine-containing plastic alloy. Aluminum foil layer is a metal aluminum foil or polyethylene glycol terephthalate thin film coated with aluminum layer. Adhesion layers are polyurethane, acrylate or epoxy adhesive layers. Structure enhancing layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The anti-weathering layer with thickness of 4-40 mu m is made of fluorine-containing plastic alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transitional layer with thickness of 1-50 mu m is made of adhesive resin. The structure enhancing layer with thickness of 40-400 mu m is polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer. Preferred Parameter: The polyolefin alloy layer has thickness of 50-400 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The battery cell is provided with positive electrode nickel sheet and negative electrode nickel sheet. Preferred Process: The insulating pad is arranged between protection plate and negative electrode nickel sheet. The positive electrode nickel sheet, protection plate and positive electrode welding pin are connected and welded in turn. The negative electrode nickel sheet, protection plate and negative electrode welding pin are connected and welded in turn so that positive electrode sheet and negative electrode sheet of bottom shell are connected with positive electrode and negative electrode of battery core respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate includes glass, indium tin oxide glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, Al-doped zinc oxide glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nano-pillar array includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate). The active layer includes an interconnected network of poly-3-hexylthiophen and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate, indium tin oxide covered polyethylene terephthalate, fluorinedoped tin oxide covered polyethylene terephthalate, Al-doped zinc oxide covered polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, indium tin oxide covered polyimide, fluorine-doped tin oxide covered polyimide, or Al-doped zinc oxide covered polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic lacquer layer is formed from a lacquer formulation comprising (in wt.%): (a) at least one functional acrylate or methacrylate (1-80); (b) a prepolymer (1-50); (c) a siloxane group containing acrylate or methacrylate (0-48); (d) at least one initiator (1-10); (e) at least one regulator (0.1-10); and (f) additive (0.5-40).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The barrier film is free from halogen. The barrier film exhibits: a partial discharge voltage of at least 1000 V; and a transparency of more than 80% at more than 300 nm. The barrier film is introduced into the barrier layer of an organic lacquer layer so that the barrier function is improved. EXAMPLE - Lacquer containing hydroxyethyl methacryate (80%) and Dynasylan MEMO (RTM: Methacrylate-functional silane) (20%) was applied to the carrier layer of poly(methyl methacryate) layer (50 mu m) containing Tinuvin (RTM: Ultraviolet absorber) (1%) by roll coating, then the lacquer was vapor deposited, and then the organic lacquer comprising Laromer UA 9048 (RTM: Octa-functional aliphatic urethane acrylate) (62%), hexanediol diacrylate (31%), hydroxyethylmethacryate (2%), Irgacure 184 (RTM: Photopolymerization initiator) (3%), butyl acrylate (2%) and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (1%) was applied by roll coating on the barrier layer comprising silicon oxide (SiO1.5) to obtain the barrier film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A proton exchange membrane such as Hydrion (RTM: membrane available from Ion power of new castle) coated with platinum and iridium catalysts are inserted into the cavity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sidewall is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The profile components have a plastic coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The oil absorption structure is formed of a material selected from any one of polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, polystyrene fiber, urethane foam, kapok fiber or silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The artificial leaves surfaces mimic various leaves surface by embossing technique which involves creating a three-dimensional leaves image or design in a photo-thermovoltaic flexible substrate, which is typically accomplished with a combination of heat and pressure on the flexible substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermal catalyst is a metal oxide different from that used for coating the electrode and is preferably selected from manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, barium oxide, or cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is selected from e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol. An adhesion agent comprises e.g. polyvinyl alcohol. A flocculating agent comprises polyacrylamide or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises copolymerizing the monomer (a) having conjugated thiophene side chains with hexamethyl distannate compounds of formula (Sn(CH3)3-Ar1-Sn(CH3)3) and dibromo aryl compounds of formula (Br-Ar2-Br) (all optionally substituted) to give (I). Preferred Components: (I): is of formula (II)-(X); has a molecular weight of 1000-100000; and is a random polymer or an alternative polymer. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = sulfur-containing hetero aryl (preferably thiophene, dithiophene or benzothiadiazole).    EXAMPLE - Substituted dibromo-3H-1lambda-sexithiophene compounds of formula (XI) (0.49 g), 2,5-bis-trimethylstannanyl-thiophene (0.6 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (11 g) and tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine (29.2 mg) were dissolved in chlorobenzene (10 ml) and heated by microwave for 30 minutes. The resulted solution was poured to methanol (1 l) to form black precipitate. The black precipitate was washed by Soxhlet extractor with methanol, acetone and hexane, and the extraction was furthered extracted by chloroform. The chloroform solution was concentrated and reprecipitated by methanol to give substituted 4-(4-(3H-1lambda-thiophen-2-yl)-cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl)quaterthiophene compounds of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer and the phase change material is incorporated into the inner layer. The inner layer is a polymer layer and the phase change material is incorporated in the polymer matrix. (I) further comprises thermally conductive fillers incorporated into the outer layer. (I) is a laminate comprising a first outer layer of weatherable film, at least one mid-layer and an inner layer, where the phase change material is incorporated into the inner layer or applied to the surface of the inner layer. The inner layer comprises of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (26) with a vinyl acetate content of the EVA of 2-33 wt.%. The first outer layer and/or mid-layer comprise thermally conductive fillers. The first outer layer has a thermally conductive coating and/or a heat rejecting coating. Preferred Method: The method further comprises incorporating thermally conductive fillers in (I) or the encapsulant of the photovoltaic module. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nucleic acid material: comprises a nucleic acid molecule, or a complex of a nucleic acid molecule and at least one of an ionic surfactant or a lipid with a cationic head group; and is present in the form of film, fiber, nanofiber or non-woven mesh. The nucleic acid comprises DNA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic cell further comprises at least one intermediate layers comprising a hole blocking layer and/or an electron blocking layer, where the intermediate layers lie between and in direct or indirect contact with the nucleic acid layer and the cathode layer, or the nucleic acid layer and the anode layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic surfactant comprises cationic quaternary ammonium salt containing cetyl trimethylammonium chloride. The donor or acceptor molecules: are intercalated within the nucleic acid material; groove-bound to the nucleic acid material; are ionically bound to the nucleic acid material; or have lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels so that the LUMO energy level of the acceptor molecule is lower than the LUMO energy level of the donor molecule. The donor molecules comprise organic dyes and pigments, oligomeric compounds, conductive polymers, small molecules or oligothiophenes, preferably alpha -sexithiophene, alpha , omega dialkylsexithiophene, or alpha , omega -dihexylsexithiophene. The acceptor molecules comprise fullerenes or arenas, preferably buckminsterfullerene, pentacene, or (6,6,) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The donor molecules absorb UV radiation, near infrared radiation, infrared radiation or visible radiation. Preferred Method: In electrical energy producing method, the irradiating step comprises irradiating the donor molecule with solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, near infrared radiation, infrared radiation or visible radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other atoms are proton, deuterium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen, or germanium. The other atoms are additionally covalently bonded to at least one additional atom. The additional atoms are comprised of proton, deuterium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, halogen and/or germanium, however where the one other atom is nitrogen, it is additionally covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms, and where the one other atom is oxygen, it is additionally covalently bonded to another oxygen atom as either configurations would entail an explosion hazard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cyclooctatetraene moiety is an eight carbon atom cyclic ring, where the carbon atoms are each covalently bonded to one other atom. The molecule containing at least one cyclooctatetraene moiety is incorporated into a polymer structure. The molecule contains at least one cyclooctatetraene moiety, where the cyclooctatetraene moiety is annulated by at least one additional cyclic ring. The molecule containing at least two cyclooctatetraene moieties is incorporated into a polymer structure. The molecule containing at least two cyclooctatetraene moieties is a monomer of the polymer. The molecule contains at least three cyclooctatetraene moieties, where the cyclooctatetraene moieties are incorporated into a Floor Mosaic pattern so that the cyclooctatetraene moieties are connected via at least one the additional cyclic ring to at least one other the cyclooctatetraene moiety.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of halogenated cyclic carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.5-2 %mass. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains high molecular compound and boron-containing lithium salt. Preferred Component: The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent further contains hardening agent chosen from block polyisocyanate compound, epoxy resin and oxazoline group-containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar chip is polycrystalline-silicon solar chip, single crystal silicon solar chip, III-V group solar chip or copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS) solar chip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guide and diffusion layers are made of acryl material, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyimide or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester film further contains phosphorus ( less than or equal to 100 ppm) and carboxy powder odd amount of less than or equal to 20 eq/tons (preferably less than or equal to 10 eq/tons). The polyester film is formed by adding reactive terminal blocking agent in polyester. Preferred Parameters: The size of powder is less than or equal to 100 mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ester compound is epoxidized fatty acid butyl ester and/or epoxidized hexahydrophthalic acid di-2-ethylhexyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The polymerization degrees of polyvinyl acetal resin are 400-3500. The degree of acetalization of polyvinyl acetal resin is 70-90%. The thickness of sheet is 0.1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The lining is glass, resin or flexible base board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The body structure unit of super-molecule material of generating layer is thiofuran, phenylacetylene, biphenyl, balmy amine, condensed ring balmy compound or phthalocyanine; the given body structure unit is fullerene, perylene or nanotube; the connecting radical group is saturated fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acid chain, alkoxyl chain or silicane chain; the assembly radial group is hydrogen bond, dewatering effect or distribution; and super-molecule material generating layer is 10-200 nm thick. The hollow transmission layer comprises thiofuran, phenylacetylene, biphenyl, balmy amine, condensed ring balmy compound and phthalocyanine; or fullerene, perylene and nanotube. The anode is indium tin oxide (ITO) or evaporating plating gold, nickel or nickel hydroxide on the ITO; and cathode is aluminum, silver or magnesium-silver alloy. The high-molecule water proof layer comprises optical hardening material, heat hardening metal or self hardening material; and forming at least one water proof high-molecule layer comprising dissolving high-molecule material in solvent, coating solution of high-molecule material on organic solar battery element, and forming water proof high-molecule layer after removing solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic layers are prepared by depositing organic film e.g. vacuum evaporating, spraying and printing; and forming each metal layer by sputtering method, evaporating plating method or electric gun spraying method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mixed polypropylene comprises 30 wt.% of homo polymer polypropylene and 70 wt.% of co polymer polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer comprising substituted formyl amino-acetamide compounds of formula (I) (preferably 2-acetylamino-acetamide), substituted thiophene carbaldehyde compounds of formula (II) (preferably 1-thiophen-2-yl-ethanone), substituted 6-oxa-3-thia-bicyclo(3.1.0)hexane 3,3-dioxide compounds of formula (III) (preferably 6-oxa-3-thia-bicyclo(3.1.0)hexane 3,3-dioxide), substituted allyl-phosphonic acid compounds of formula (IV) (preferably allyl-phosphonic acid diethyl ester) or substituted prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid vinyl ester compounds of formula (V) (preferably prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid vinyl ester). The amount of the polymerizable monomer is 0.01-10 (preferably 0.01-3) parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent. The amount of the polymer in the lithium battery is 0.01-10 (preferably 0.01-3) parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.R1-R31 = 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 2-20C alkynyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 2-20C alkoxycarbonyl, 6-30C aryl, 1-20C heteroalkyl, 3-20C heteroaryl, 2-20C alkylcarbonyl, 7-30C arylcarbonyl, 4-30C heteroarylcarbonyl (all optionally substituted), H, NO2, NH2, OH, halo, CN or carboxyl. EXAMPLE - N- alpha -Acetylglycinamide (0.1 parts by weight) was added to a mixed organic solvent (100 parts by weight) comprising ethylene carbonate (30 vol.%), diethyl carbonate (50 vol.%) and ethyl methyl carbonate (20 vol.%). Then lithium hexafluorophosphate (1.3 M) was added to the solution to give an organic electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Fibrous carbon is manufactured in the upper stage of a two-stage reactor, and complexing process is carried out in the lower stage. The manufacturing temperature of fibrous carbon is 600-1000 degrees C. The supply rate of hydrocarbon during manufacture of fibrous carbon is 5-100 m/minute. The diameter of fibrous carbon is 200 nm or less. The spherical carbon particles are acetylene black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is chosen from alumina, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, silica, tin oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, antimony oxide, barium titanate, lead chromate, zinc chromate, barium chromate, cadmium sulfide, lead cyanide, aluminum, iron, vanadium-tin oxide, vanadium-zirconium oxide, praseodymium-zirconium silicate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, calcium tungstate, silicon carbide and silicon nitride. The barrier layer contains aluminum or aluminum alloy, preferably aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The matrix of heat sealing material is chosen from polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyimide and/or their copolymer. The organic compound filler is polymer resin. The content of filler with respect to total content of resin sealant layer is 0.1-30 wt.%. The surface layer contains nylon or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is chosen from 82 inorganic compounds e.g. alumina, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium dioxide, antimony trioxide and barium titanate. The barrier layer is aluminum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic filler or inorganic filler is 0.1-30 wt.%. The organic filler is polystyrene and/or polycarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix of heat sealing material is polyethylene, polyethylene acrylate, polypropylene cast, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide and/or their copolymer. The outer covering layer is nylon or aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material for the transparent conducting oxide layer is fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-tin-oxide or zinc oxide metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat exchanger is made up of aluminum, copper and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery cells are in thermal contact with the separators through the thermal medium made up of thermal epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal oxycarbonitride is of formula: TiaMbCxNyOz, where a is 0.7-0.9999, b is 0.0001-0.3, x and y are 0.01-2, z is 0.01-3, a+b is 1 and x+y+z is 5 or less. Preferred Process: The catalyst is obtained by heat-processing a compound containing metal and titanium in presence of nitrogen or nitrogen compound-containing mixed gas and heat-processing the obtained metal carbonitride in presence of oxygen-containing mixed gas, or obtained by heat-processing mixture of metal oxide, titanium oxide and carbon in presence of nitrogen or nitrogen compound-containing mixed gas and heat-processing the obtained metal carbonitride in presence of oxygen-containing mixed gas. Preferred Composition: The concentration of oxygen in the oxygen-containing mixed gas is 0.005-2.5 volume%. The oxygen-containing mixed gas contains hydrogen (0.01-5 volume%). The catalyst layer further contains electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxycarbonitride further contains metal (M1) other than metal (M). The metal oxycarbonitride is of formula: MCxNyOz or MM1aCxNyOz. The metal (M) is preferably zirconium. The amount of oxygen in oxygen-containing inert gas is 0.1-10 volume%. The inert gas contains 0.01-10 volume% of hydrogen gas. The catalyst layer further contains electroconductive substance.a=0.0001-1;x,y=0.01-2;z=0.01-3;andx+y+z=5 or less.Preferred Property: The catalyst exhibits X-ray diffraction peak at 27.5-32.5 degrees . Preferred Condition: The nitrogen gas or nitrogen compound-containing gas is heated at 600-2200 degrees C. The metal carbonitride is heated at 400-1400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second transparent conductive layer is doped with aluminum, gallium, boron, fluorine and/or lithium. The electrode layer comprises molybdenum. Preferred Method: The first transparent conductive layer is formed by a chemical spraying process or an atmosphere chemical synthesizing process, and the second transparent conductive layer is formed by sputtering, chemical gelling, spraying or evaporation. In the method, formation of the photovoltaic element over the second transparent conductive layer comprises: forming p-type amorphous silicon layer over the second transparent conductive layer; forming an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer over the p-type amorphous silicon layer; and forming an n-type amorphous silicon layer over the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer. The p-type amorphous silicon layer, the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and the n-type amorphous silicon layers are formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first transparent conductive layer has a grain size greater than that of the second transparent conductive layer. The photovoltaic element comprises a p-type amorphous silicon layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, and a b-type amorphous silicon layer. The first and second transparent conductive layers are formed with a thickness of 10-3000 nm. The composite transparent conductive layer has a: sheet resistance of not greater than 30 ohm/square; and visible-light transmittance of not less than 60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is a: glass substrate; polymer thin film; or flexible substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The alloy nanoparticles have regulating degree of 95% or more, derived from relation: (1-(m-M)/M)x 100, where m is lattice constant of copper-palladium alloy nanoparticles and M is lattice constant of bulk in which copper atom and palladium atom are arranged regularly. Preferred Composition: The catalyst composition contains copper-palladium alloy nanoparticles supported on a support. The support is an inorganic compound. The catalyst composition has catalytic activity with respect to hydrolysis during hydrogen producing reaction and oxygen producing reaction, or organic substance decomposition reaction. The molar ratio of copper ion and palladium ion in dispersion liquid or solution is more than 0.3:less than 0.7 to more than 0.7:less than 0.3, preferably 0.01-0.99-0.99:0.01, more preferably 0.7:0.3-0.98:0.02. The ion is reduced at 10 degrees C or less. The crystal structure is face-centered cubic type structure. The reducing agent is hydrogen-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of ester compound (B) is 10 %mass or more. The content of phosphate ester amine salt is 0.2-1 %mass. The linear saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid is 6-12C linear saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid. The polyhydric alcohol is pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane. The acidic phosphate compound is 8-13C acidic phosphate compound. Preferred Definitions:    Ra=4-20C alkyl;and    Rb=4-18C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble solid catalyst is tungstic acid, tungstate, molybdate, and/or vanadate. The powdery reaction phase further contains water-soluble powder. The water-soluble powder is powder of urea and/or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The powdered polymer is poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine methacrylate), polyvinyl pyridine, or polymer obtained by coupling pyridine, morpholine, piperidine, or pyrrole with benzene ring of polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene copolymers (A) and (B) have melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under a load of 2160 g, measured based on JIS K7210-1999. Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet further contains copolymer (C) obtained by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenically unsaturated silane compound, and/or silane coupling agent (D). The copolymer (C) further contains structural unit derived from vinyl acetate and/or acrylic ester. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer of component (A) is ethylene-propylene copolymer ethylene-1-butene copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, or ethylene-1-hexene copolymer. The alpha -olefin contained in component (C) is ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-heptane, 1-octene, 1-nonene and/or 1-decene. The ethylenically unsaturated silane compound is chosen from vinyl silane, vinyl trimethoxysilane and gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wavelength selective reflecting film consists of resin multilayer laminated film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-processing of conductive padding include oscillating with organic solvent, water and coupling agent under 20-80 kHz, stirring, uniformly mixing, and drying at not greater than 80 degrees C. Preferred Components: The coupling agent is silane derivative of formula (Y'-Si-(OR)3), gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma -methacrylonitrile acyloxy propyl trimethyl silicane or vinyltriacetoxysilane.Y'=organic functional group; andOR=alkoxy or metatitanic acid organic ester, e.g. isopropyl tri(dioctyl pyrophosphoric acid acyloxy) metatitanic acid ester, alkoxy metatitanic acid ester and composite alkoxy metatitanic acid ester.Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is present at 0.5-1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conducting insulating nanometer material with high heat conductivity is 1-70% of the polymer film. The solvent is 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electron donor is high-molecular compound. EXAMPLE - 60C Fullerene (in mg) (150), (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylamino)acetate (55), 5-(4-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-7-yl)thiophene-2-carboaldehyde (217) and chlorobenzene (50 mL) were mixed, heated and refluxed for 3 hours. The solvent was removed from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was washed with methanol, dried and purified to obtain N-methoxyethoxyethyl-2-(4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole)fulleropyrrolidine (56).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic structure is made of metal selected from iron, nickel, chromium, titanium and their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation is cesium ion, quaternary alkyl ammonium ion, pyridinium ion, imidazolium ion, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound ion, phosphonium ion, guanidinium ion, nucleic acid base, platinum ion, and/or pyrazolone type ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube is chosen from single-walled carbon nanotube, two-layer carbon nanotube, and multi-walled carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The triazine ring-containing repeating unit is of formula (I), preferably of formulae (II)-(IV).R,R'=H or 1-10C branched alkyl;Ar=optionally substituted aryl chosen from 11 groups e.g. groups of formulae (a)-(e);R1-R80,R84-R87=H, halo, carboxy, sulfone, 1-10C branched alkyl or 1-10C branched alkoxy;W1,W2=single bond, CR81R82, C=O, O, S, SO, SO2 or NR83;R81,R82=1-10C branched alkyl;or R81+R82=ring;R83=H or 1-10C branched alkyl;X1,X2=single bond, 1-10C branched alkylene or group of formula (f);andY1,Y2=single bond or 1-10C branched alkylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The photoelectric conversion element has the photoelectric conversion layer provided into electrode interlayers. The element has a bulk heterojunction formed by removing solvent from mixed solution of conductive polymer and electron acceptor during formation of photoelectric conversion layer. The conductive polymer functions as a hole receptor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electron acceptor further contains fullerene derivatives other than the fulleropyrrolidine derivative. Preferred Definitions:    fullerene = 60C fullerene;    R2 = group of formula (i);    R3-R7 = -R14-C(=O)-O-R23, -R15-O-C(=O)-R24, -C(=O)-O-R25, -O-C(=O)-R26, -R16-C(=O)-NH-R27, -R17-NH-C(=O)-R28, -C(=O)-NH-R29, -NH-C(=O)-R30, -R18-N(-R31)-R32, -N(-R33)-R34, -(-R19-O-)m'-(-R20-O-)n'-R35, or -(-R21-S-)a'-(-R22-S-)b'-R36;    R14-R18 = R8;    R19-R22 = R11;    R23-R36 = R9;    m', a' = 1-3;and    n', b' = 0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material layer is made of metal consisting of palladium, gold, silver, platinum, copper, rhodium, aluminum and chromium and a metal oxide semiconductor consisting of indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, cadmium indium oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc tin oxide and indium zinc oxide, and is indium oxide containing tin oxide as a dopant and/or tin oxide containing antimony or fluorine as a dopant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermoelectric generator uses bismuth telluride and antimony telluride based semiconductors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper salt is a salt of copper(II). The counter ion of the copper in the copper salt is mono- or poly-valent anion of carboxylic acid, an amide or an acetyl analog of the carboxylic acid. The halide is iodide, chloride or bromide, preferably an alkali halide. The amount of halide in the film is 15-600 ppm. The molar ratio of the halide to copper is 0.5-3.5. The film further comprises a reducing agent. The molar ratio of the reducing agent to the copper(II) is 0.5-2.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The film contains an epoxidized fatty acid derivative as hydrolysis stabilizers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film contains one or more chain extender, which is a phenyl polymer compound of formula (I). The amount of the chain extender is less than 2 wt.% to at least 0.05 wt.%.R1-R5 = H or 1-12C-alkyl;R6 = 1-12C-alkyl; eitherx, y = 0-100; orx+y = greater than 0; andz = 2-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vapor deposition film comprises inorganic oxide, inorganic nitride or inorganic oxynitride, preferably aluminum oxide or carbon-containing silicon oxide, and is formed by physical or chemical vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxide comprises alkoxysilane, hydrolyzate of alkoxide or hydrolysis condensate of alkoxide. The tertiary amine is N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. The content of water is 0.1-100 mol with respect to 1 mol of alkoxide, during polycondensation.R1,R2=1-8C organic group;M=metal atom chosen from silicon, zirconium, titanium and aluminum;m=1 or more;andn+m=valency of M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The plastic film is a resin film formed by biaxial stretching process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The gas-barrier coating film is formed by coating a gas-barrier composition and heat-processing at temperature less then melting point (20-200 degrees C) of plastic film for 10 seconds to 10 minutes. The gas-barrier composition is obtained by polycondensing alkoxide of formula: R1nM(OR2)m and polyvinyl alcohol-type resin and/or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer using water by sol gel process in presence of sol-gel-process catalyst which is a soluble tertiary amine insoluble in organic solvent. The gas-barrier composition further contains silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Machine: The extrusion machine is a twin-screw extruder having gear pump (4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of organic peroxide is 0.1-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of resin. The resin is extruded at 140 degrees C or less, preferably 120 degrees C or less with organic peroxide having half-life (1 hour) temperature of 140 degrees C or less, preferably 120 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: Refractive index of silica porous body is less than or equal to 1.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: Electroconductive fine particles are aluminum powder, and have average particle diameter of 0.5-20 mu m. Electroconductive fine particles have spherical shape. The content of aluminum powder is 60-85 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The viscosity of organic solvent is 50 cps or more at normal temperature. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive fine particle dispersion paste further contains anionic dispersing agent and glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The peroxide decomposition catalyst is chosen from yttrium carbonate trihydrate, silver carbonate and lanthanum carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate is 0.50-0.58. The delamination strength after aging the film at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere for 1000 hours is 4 N/15 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The peroxide sheet layer is provided adjacent to crosslinking adjuvant sheet layer. A sheet layer (A) does not containing organic peroxide and crosslinking adjuvant is interposed between peroxide sheet layer and adjuvant sheet layer. The outermost sheet layer of both sides of adhesive sheet is adjuvant sheet layer or sheet layer (A). Preferred Properties: The peroxide sheet layer and adjuvant sheet layer have thickness of each of 300 mu m or less. The sheet layer (A) has thickness of 50 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The peroxide sheet layer contains thermoplastic resin chosen from polyethylene-type resin and ethylene-propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number of branches (N) of comonomer of component (A) satisfy the relations: N greater than or equal to -0.67x E+53, or -0.67x E+80 greater than or equal to N greater than or equal to -0.67x E+53, where N is number of branches per carbon atom of the total 1000 pieces of principal chain and side chain, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, and E is the tensile elasticity modulus of sheet, measured based on ISO1184-1983. The ratio of melt flow rate of component (A) measured at load of 10 kg at 190 degrees C and melt flow rate measured at load of 2.16 kg at 190 degrees C is less than 7, preferably 5-6.2. Preferred Composition: The amount of component (B) is 0.2-5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of components (A) and (C). The amount of component (C) is 0.2-5 wt.% with respect to total amount of components (A) and (C). The amount of component (D) is 0.01-5 parts weight with respect to total amount of components (A) and (C). The component (A) is copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene, or copolymer of ethylene and 1-hexene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guiding layers and the light diffusion layer are made of acrylic material, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyimide and silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first fixed abrasive particles comprise silicon carbide. The substrate comprises stainless steel. The photovoltaic absorber layer comprises a semiconductor material consisting of copper indium gallium diselenide, cadmium telluride and amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photonic structures are made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The luminescence material is selected from a polymer e.g. polymethacrylate, polycarbonate and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is acrylic emulsion polymer, methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, starch and/or dextrin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acid-modified polyolefin resin contains 0.1-25 %mass of (meth)acrylate component. The aqueous dispersion does not contain non-volatile aqueous-based adjuvant. The aqueous dispersion contains 0.05-30 parts mass of oxazoline-type crosslinking agent. Preferred Property: The acid-modified polyolefin resin has melting point of 70 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent resin is selected from the group comprising polyether sulfone, polyphenyl sulfone, polysulphone, polyethylene naphthalate, cyclic olefin copolymer, cycloolefin copolymer, and polymethyl pentene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Dihalogen compound of formula (II) is dehalogenated and polymerized to obtain high molecular compound.Z1,Z2=halo.Preferred Process: The polymerization process is performed in presence of copper or zerovalent nickel compound. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of high molecular compound is 1000 or more. Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound containing fluorene-type structure, is of formula (III).n=5-1000. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=pyridine ring;    Y'=O, S, N=N, or R11N-CO-NR12;and    R11,R12=H or substituent.    EXAMPLE - Dipyrido(3,2-c:2',3'-e)pyridazine (8.6 mmol) was reacted with hydrogen bromide (70 cm3) and bromine (259 mmol), stirred at 100 degrees C for 12 hours, and obtained deposit was separated to obtain 3,8-dibromo dipyrido(3,2-c:2',3'-e)pyridazine (2.7 g). The obtained 3,8-dibromo dipyrido(3,2-c:2',3'-e)pyridazine was reacted with bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (3.1 mmol) having zero valency in presence of dimethylformamide (20 cm3), to obtain high molecular compound (0.154 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The metal nanoparticles are silver nanoparticles. Preferred Properties: The metal nanoparticle layer has thickness of 5-100 nm. The thin-film laminate has visible light transmittance of 70% or more and specific resistance of 8x 10-4 ohm.cm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is chosen from inorganic substrates e.g. glass and ceramic substrates, thermoplastic resin substrate and thermosetting resin substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant copolymer comprises ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate. The terpolymer is a random terpolymer, which is present at 40-90 (preferably 55, 60 or 70) wt.%. The heat-resistant copolymer is a random copolymer, which is present at 10-60 (preferably 30) wt.%. The terpolymer and the heat-resistant copolymer each comprise a density of greater than 0.9 (preferably 0.94) g/cc. The encapsulant further comprises: a carrier resin (I) (10 or 15 wt.%); a translucent laminate having a thickness of 15-18 mil; an additive, which is a UV absorbing material, a hindered amine light stabilizer, a phosphite antioxidant and/or a silane; or a carrier resin (II) comprising ethylene and methyl acrylate. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: providing the additive, and mixing and heating the terpolymer, the copolymer and the additive to produce a homogeneous mixture; providing (II), and mixing and heating the terpolymer, the copolymer, the additive and (II); providing (I); or exposing the encapsulant to a radiation dose of 1-20 (preferably 7-15) mrad. The homogeneous mixture is heated to 300-600 degrees F (preferably 410 degrees F). EXAMPLE - Lotader AX8900 (RTM: Random terpolymer of ethylene, methyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate) (70%) and Lotader AX8840 (RTM: Random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate) (30%) were heated to produce a mixture. The mixture was extruded as a melt-cast film onto silicone coated release paper and allowed to cool to produce an encapsulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The n-type semiconductor material layer is metal oxide film containing titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide or molybdenum oxide. The stack organic solar cell further has a primary charge transport layer (12) between primary electrode and primary organic photoactive layer, a secondary charge transport layer (16) between the secondary organic photoactive layer and the secondary electrode, a hole transport layer between primary electrode and photoactive layer, and electron transport layer comprising titanium oxide layer. Preferred Property: The secondary electrode has work function less than that of primary electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The conjugated polymer electrolyte layer contains poly(9,9-bis(6"-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-alt-co-phenylene), poly((2-cyclooctatetraenylethyl)-trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate), poly-(tetramethylammonium-2-cyclooctatetraenylethanesulfonate), poly((2-methoxy-5-(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene)-1,2-ethenediyl), poly((2-methoxy-5-propyloxysulfonate-1,4-phenylene vinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene vinylene)), sulfonated poly(p-phenylene), sulfonated poly(phenylene ethynylene), poly(carboxylated phenylene ethynylene), poly(N-(4-sulfonatobutyloxyphenyl)-4,4'-diphenylamine-alt-1,4-phenylene), poly(N-4,4'-diphenylamine-alt-N-(p-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4,4'-diphenylamine), poly((9,9-bis(6'-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(2,5-bis(phenylene)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)) and poly((9,9-bis(6'-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide)hexyl)fluorene-co-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)), preferably (poly(9,9'-bis(4-sulfonatobutyl)fluorene-alt-co-1,4-phenylene)). The conjugated polymer electrolyte layer contains fluorene compound of formula (I).n=10-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflector is made of light metal alloy e.g. aluminum, magnesium and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The conductive water-proof layer comprises a waterproof conductive metal or water-proof alloy preferably aluminum. Preferred Properties: The conductive water-proof layer has moisture vapor transmission rate of no larger than 0.5 g/m2 day and resistivity of no larger than 1x108 ohms-m; and is 0.1-200, preferably 5-50 mu m thick.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bottom plastic layer has structure of ethylene vinyl acetate or structure tending to adhere to ethylene-vinyl acetate. The bottom plastic layer has structure of polyethylene or polypropylene. The bottom plastic layer comprises vinyl acetate (2-33 wt.%); and plastic material consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based plastic and acrylic-based plastic. The first insulating layer comprises PET; and material whose dielectric voltage is greater than or equal to 1 kV/mm. The second insulating layer comprises PET and fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer is polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. The weather-resistant layer comprises fluoropolymer. Preferred Properties: The bottom plastic layer is 0.1-500, preferably 25-200 mu m thick. The first insulating layer is 0.1-500, preferably 25-330 mu m thick. The second insulating layer comprises material whose dielectric voltage is greater than or equal to 1 kV/mm; and is 1-500, preferably 25-330 mu m. The second insulating layer is 1-500, preferably 25-330 mu m thick. The weather-resistant layer is 1-500, preferably 5-38 mu m thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic layer is silicon thin film, a III-V compound semiconductor thin film (preferably gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphate), II-VI compound semiconductor thin film (preferably copper selenium cadmium, copper gallium selenium cadmium, cadmium tellurium), or organic compound semiconductor thin film (preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PCBM mixture).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of second passivation layer is an insulating material. The material of the adhesion layer comprises EVA, PVB, Poly Olefin, or PU.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The module further comprises a front glass cover disposed on the encapsulant material on the front side of the solar cell(s). The additive comprise color additive(s) or pigment(s) comprising (wt.%) titanium oxide ( not greater than 10) to make the backskin material white or reflective; carbon black ( not greater than 5) to make the backskin material black; or aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, magnesium oxide and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The module further comprises a layer of aluminum between the backskin and a solar thermal unit. The backskin layer includes additive(s) comprising nanopartcles mineral fillers selected from dolomite, conventional kaolin clays, silica, talc, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, mica and/or glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The backskin layer includes additives or fillers for reducing the thermal coefficient of expansion of the HDPE sheet to be closer to that of the front glass cover. The additive comprises a hindered amine light stabilizer ( not greater than 0.5 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinked mixture comprises acid copolymer (10-80 wt.%). The acid copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid or ethylene and methacrylic acid. The backskin layer is formed by irradiating a sheet of an HDPE acid copolymer mixture with an electron beam to cross-link the HDPE; or by adding vinyl silanes to the mixture of HDPE and acid copolymer and moisture curing the resulting mixture to cross-link the HDPE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - One plate of bimetal structure is transparent plate containing polycarbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Another heat insulating material such as polyurethane, foam glass and mineral fiber is also included in the assembly system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer consists of a component of two elements such as silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, zirconium and carbon. The electrically conductive layer consists of indium-tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive adhesive has epoxy having conductive particle selected from silver, gold, copper, nickel, carbon and graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous material comprises fugitive particles comprising polymer, ceramic particles, particles containing silica, alumina, silicon nitride and/or silicon carbide, metal particles, and particles containing iron, nickel, silver, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and/or tungsten. The film contains silicon nitride, silicon oxide and/or silicon carbide, phosphorus-containing silicon oxide, boron-containing silicon oxide and/or aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and/or indium-tin oxide, dielectric, metal and/or semiconductor, silver, aluminum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, titanium-tungsten alloy, molybdenum, chromium, tin, tin-silver-copper alloy, copper, indium, gallium and/or selenium, and silicon, doped silicon, gallium arsenide, amorphous silicon, amorphous germanium, amorphous carbon, doped amorphous silicon, doped amorphous germanium and/or doped amorphous carbon, copper-indium diselenide, copper-indium alloy, copper-indium-gallium diselenide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and/or cadmium telluride. The surface of photovoltaic device comprises silicon wafer, silicon thin film, compound semiconductor, metal, glass, plastic and/or dielectric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of carbon forming SP2 coupling and SP3 coupling calculated with the standard addition method by Raman spectroscopy is 1 weight% or more based on conversion of furnace black. The ratio of peak height (D) at 1340-1365 cm-1 and peak height (G) at 1580-1610 cm-1 is 0.1-10, where the heights (D,G) are heights excluding base line height. The catalytic composition is of formula: MCxNyOz.M=titanium, iron, niobium, zirconium or tantalum;x=0.01-10000;y=0.01-10;andz=0.02-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The unradiated portion in the formed pattern is decompose-removed after irradiating the ultraviolet ray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The polyester layer has intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 or more. The number of hydroxyl groups in structural component (a) is 3 or more. The number of carboxylic acid groups in structural component (a) is 3 or more. The polyester layer contains buffering agent (0.1-5 mol/ton) with respect to total amount. The amount of alkali metal element in polyester is 2.5-125 ppm. The ratio of alkali metal element and phosphorus element is 0.01-1. The polyester film has surface specific resistance of 106-1014 ohm/square on one surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene does not contain neutralizing agent and antioxidant. The linear polyethylene is ethylene homopolymer. Preferred Properties: The crystallization heat of linear polyethylene is 220 J/g or more, calculated using exothermic curve obtained by temperature-fall measurement using differential scanning calorimeter. The molded product obtained by molding the highly-purified polyethylene has glossiness of 90 or more at 60 degrees and compaction temperature of 200 degrees C. Preferred Process: The linear polyethylene is manufactured by slurry polymerization method in continuous polymerization reaction device using n-hexane as solvent, and has impurity quantity which is value obtained by dividing weight of residue formed by carrying out evaporation drying of normal hexane, by weight of n-hexane of 0-1 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The organic group is alkylene-containing group of formula: -R-C(-Q1)=C(-Q2)-Q3 (I) or of formula (II), or (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl group.R=1-3C alkylene;Q1-Q3,Q5-Q7=H, 1-4C alkyl, phenyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, cyano, carboxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl;andQ4=H or halo.Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further contains carbonate compound having polymerizable unsaturated bond. The aza crown-ether structure is aza-12-crown-4, aza-14-crown-4, aza-15-crown-5 or aza-18-crown-6. The electrolyte dissolution promoter comprises sulfoxide compound having donor number of 16-40 and/or ether compound having donor number of 16-40. The sulfoxide compound is of formula: R1-S(=O)-R2 (III). The ether compound is of formula: R3-O-(CH2CH2O)n-R4 (IV). The carbonate compound is dioxole-containing compound of formula (V) or dioxolane-containing compound of formula (VI).R1-R4=1-5C alkyl;n=1-10;R5,R6=H or 1-3C alkyl;andR7,R8=H or 2-3C alkenyl, R7 and R8 are not H simultaneously.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The supercritical fluid is supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide, preferably supercritical water. The fuel cell component further contains carbon component. The metal catalyst-containing solid component contains carbon material derived from carbon component. Preferred Process: The method further involves processing metal catalyst-containing solid component using supercritical carbon dioxide containing chelating agent to form complex of metal catalyst, and recovering metal catalyst from supercritical carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The decomposition of fluororesin is carried out by supplying oxygen, and decomposing carbon component to produce carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing doping element chosen from salt of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten or rare-earth metal to the mixture (A). Preferred Components: The soluble lithium-based source compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, lithium nitride, lithium dihydrogen phosphate and/or lithium acetate. The soluble ferrous-based compound is ferrous chloride and/or ferrous acetate. The soluble phosphorus-based compound is phosphoric acid, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The carbon coating is carried out using carbon-based compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is ethanol, glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin and butanetriol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nanotube in nanotube-DMF solution is 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1% or 1.4%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of proton-exchange film is 40-60 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas-permeable membrane is made of microporous PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The water-permeable sheet is formed on a sealing agent layer (2). A cured film which does not contain a hardenable functional group, fluorine-containing polymer sheet, polyester sheet, or polyester resin coating is formed on other surface of the water-impermeable sheet. Preferred Composition: The water-impermeable sheet is a silicon vapor-deposited polyester sheet, a silica vapor-deposited polyester sheet, or a metal sheet. The sealing agent layer contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor material of the thin film comprises amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon with or without addition of silicon germanium, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, copper indium selenide and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CuInxGa1-xSe2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The synthetic membrane comprises ethylene propylene diene monomer, isobutylene isoprene, polychloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, nitrile rubber, ethylene chlorohydrin, thermoplastic vulcanizates, thermoplastic polyolefin, ethylene interpolymer, nitrile butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride with plasticizer, non-polymerized polyisobutylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene copolymer bitumen and chlorinated polyethylene. The woven reinforcement or backing layer comprises polyester, polyamide and glass. The bituminous membrane is improved by addition of atactic polypropylene or poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal is chosen from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium and rhodium. The catalyst particles have metal average microcrystal size of 2-20 nm. The electric charge amount of hydrogen adsorption region per metal unit mass is 15-65 C/mg. The electroconductive material is carbon black having Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 50-300 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The semiconductor electrode is manufactured using phenol resin as carbon source and ethyl silicate as silicon source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acid terpolymer comprises (wt.%) an alpha -olefin (balance), copolymerized units of alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (18-23) and copolymerized units of alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester (15-40). The alpha -olefin is ethylene. The alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is acrylic acids and/or methacrylic acids. The alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is methyl acrylates or butyl acrylates. The solar cell pre-lamination assembly further comprises an incident layer positioned next to the front encapsulant layer and a backing layer positioned next to the back encapsulant layer. The incident layer is glass sheets; polymeric sheets formed of polycarbonates, acrylics, polyacrylates, cyclic polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters and/or fluoropolymers; and/or polymeric films formed of polyesters, polycarbonate, polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, nylons, polyurethanes, acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellophane, poly(vinyl chlorides), and/or fluoropolymers. The backing layer comprises glass sheet; polymeric sheet; polymeric film; metal sheet; and/or ceramic plate. The polymeric sheet is formed of polycarbonates, acrylics, polyacrylates, cyclic polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters and/or fluoropolymers. The polymeric film comprises polymeric material selected from polyesters, polycarbonate, polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, nylons, polyurethanes, acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellophane, poly(vinyl chlorides) and/or fluoropolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is aluminum with film thickness of 1-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The step-difference elimination film is polyurea film (91-1,91-2,91-3) in which diamine compound and isocyanate compound are polymerized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is copolymer formed by polymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound. The inorganic particles contain metal oxide having refractive index of 1.45-1.59.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon monoxide adsorption agent is silica, alumina, activated carbon, graphite and/or polystyrene resin which cupric and/or cuprous halide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zinc precursor is zinc salt dissolved in the water, which is at least two zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc citrate or zinc gluconate. The non-essential auxiliary agent is at least two of water-soluble calcium salt, water-soluble bismuth salt, waterborne aluminum salt, waterborne silicate or waterborne titanic hydroxide, which occupies 0-10 wt.% of the carbon fiber/zinc oxide/zinc nanometer composite material. The fluid collector is zinc nickel electrode negative electrode material, and comprises foaming copper and foaming nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon-containing polymer with the functional group is the carbon-containing polymer chemically decorated with the functional group, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or amide group combined with the zinc nanometer precursor on the surface, water-soluble polymer with hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and amide group having the molecule of 1000-5000000, water dilution polymer, water dispersion polymer, emulsion polymer including at least two of waterborne acrylate polymer, waterborne epoxy polymer, waterborne polyurethane polymer, waterborne polyester polymer, waterborne alcohol acid polymer or waterborne amino resin polymer. The binding agent is 2-5 mixture of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, which comprises hydrophilic binding agent and hydrophobe binding agent, the hydrophilic binding agent comprises sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylbutyral, ethyl/vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic ester emulsion and butadiene-styrene rubber emulsion, and the hydrophobe binding agent comprises PTFE, perfluoro-copolymer or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A complex agent having average particle diameter of 1-50 nm, based on transmission electron microscope, is added before the addition of ionic compound containing platinum group element. A carbon carrier is further added to the aqueous solution before or after the addition of ionic compound containing platinum group element, and the alloy microparticles are deposited on the surface of carbon carrier. Preferred Composition: The complex agent is alkali metal salt of citric acid. The amount of complex agent is 1 %mass or more with respect to the amount of ionic compound. The platinum group element is platinum. The non-precious metal element is nickel. The reducing agent is hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The flat plate is a silicon wafer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compounding mass ratio of solid epoxy resin and liquid epoxy resin is 90/10-65/35. The photoinitiator is a cationic polymerization photoinitiator. The usage amount of initiator is 0.1-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of all epoxy resins. The resin composition further contains light absorption agents (0.01-1 %mass) which absorb exposed light. The varnish of resin composition contains solvent(s) having a boiling point of 120 degrees C or more. The resin composition further contains phenoxy resins (1-10 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main material has hole whose surface is coated with temperature-responsive polymer gel. 60-90% Of the area of the hole is coated with temperature-responsive polymer gel. The temperature-responsive polymer gel contains poly(N-substituted(meth)acrylamide). The main material contains thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyethylene and polypropylene. The thermosetting resin is chosen from polyimide and aramid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The supporter is made of polydimethylsiloxanic or silicone rubber polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticles contain titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and/or strontium titanium oxide. The conductive substrate is made of indium-tin-oxide, fluorine tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide (ZnO-Ga2O3), zinc oxide-aluminum oxide (ZnO-Al2O3) and/or tin oxide-antimony oxide (SnO2-Sb2O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer solution contains polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylacetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, chitosan, chitin, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose, polysaccharide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and/or polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell further contains a protective layer made of titanium oxide (TiOx) provided between the photoactive layer and the electrode (50).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell is made of poly(9,9-bis(6"-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorine-alt-co-phenylene)bromide, poly ((2- cyclooctatetraenylethyl)-trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate), poly-(tetramethylammonium 2-cyclooctatetraenylethanesulfonate), poly((2-methoxy-5-(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1, 4-phenylene)-1,2- ethenediyl), poly((2-methoxy-5-propyloxysulfonate-1,4-phenylenevinylene)-alt- (1,4-phenylenevinylene)), hydrogen, sodium, tetradecyltrimethylammonium sulfonated poly(p-phenylene), poly(N-(4-sulfonatobutyloxyphenyl)-4,4'-diphenylamine-alt-1,4-phenylene) sodium salt, poly(N-4,4'-diphenylamine-alt-N-(p-trifluoromethyl) phenyl-4,4'-diphenylamine) sodium salt, poly((9,9-bis(6'-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(2,5-bis(p-phenylene)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)), (sodium poly(9,9'-bis(4-sulfonatobutyl)fluorene-alt-co-1,4-phenylene)), (poly(3-hexylthiophene)), (poly-(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)), (poly(2-methoxy-5-3(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)), (poly((2,7-(9,9-dioctyl)-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))), (poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))) and/or (poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))). The electron acceptor utilized in the organic solar cell is fullerene, polybenzimidazole, (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bisbenzimidazole) and/or ((6,6)-phenyl-71C butyric acid methyl ester). The electron donor utilized in the organic solar cell is poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The center pin is made of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, niobium, zinc, tin or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polycarbonate or polymethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The length of sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene composite short fiber is 2-5 mm. The length of sulfonated polypropylene short fiber is 3-5 mm. Preferred Process: The sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene composite short fiber is manufactured in desired length by cutting sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber beam obtained by subjecting polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber beam to liquid concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation treatment. The sulfonated polypropylene short fiber is manufactured in desired length by cutting sulfonated polypropylene fiber beam obtained by subjecting polypropylene fiber beam to liquid concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoelectrode is made of a material selected from polymer, isoprene, butadiene group rubber, polyurethanes, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, chitosan, chitin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, cellulose, ethylcellulose, polyhydroxylethyl methacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polysaccharide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cation and anion pairs are located towards or at either side of the interface or the cations one side and anions towards or at the other of the interface. The ion pairs are provided on, tethered to, or as side chains to the one of the conjugated polymer(s) and/or molecular semiconductors. The donor and/or acceptor conjugated polymers are copolymers. The copolymers comprise an ionic unit and a non-ionic unit. The ionic unit provides a minor proportion of the copolymer. The ionic unit comprises less than 40%, preferably less than or equal to 10% of the copolymer. The ionic unit comprises 0.001-9.999% of the copolymer. The ions are redox inert ions. The interface between donor and acceptor regions is formed from or comprises a tri-block oligomer comprising donor and acceptor blocks. The interface between donor and acceptor regions is formed from or comprises donor and acceptor polymers having respective complementary ion pairs. The semiconducting polymer is a copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active anode material is magnesium/aluminum alloy. The active anode material comprises magnesium, and the solid gel polymeric electrolyte possesses an amorphous structure. The solid gel polymeric electrolyte comprises at least one phosphorus group. The active anode material is molten sodium, and the molten salt electrolyte is selected from alkali halide salt, and/or alkali chloroaluminate salt. The molten salt electrolyte comprises sodium chloride, sodium chloroaluminate, and ionic organic solvent. The beta alumina solid electrolyte is sodium beta alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanowire array includes zinc oxide. The sheath includes titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole conductor comprises conductive polymer comprising repeating unit of formula (A). The active region includes thin-film photovoltaic layer, photosensitive dye, quantum dot, polymer, and poly-3-hexylthiophene.R=absent or alkyl; andm=6-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The cured coating layer has thickness of 20-1000 mu m, preferably 50-300 mu m. The ratio of number of isocyanate groups in the curing-agent component to the number of hydroxyl groups in the base component is 80:100-160:100. The coating composition has viscosity of 150-15000 mPa.second. Preferred Composition: The curing agent comprises hexamethylene diisocyanate. The coated portion of the outer surface includes at least predominant portion of leading edge of blade. The coating composition contains 0-45 weight% of solvent. Preferred Condition: The coating composition is cured at 50 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyurethane binder is prepared in the presence of accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrophobic polymer film is PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or polyfluoroalkoxy copolymer resin. The barrier is bound to a step (34) formed within the land region with a fluoroelastomer having a fluorine content greater than 68 wt.%. The hydrophobic polymer film is coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive on the surface of the polymer film which is to contact the step, prior to securing the polymer film within the step. The pressure sensitive adhesive is acrylic adhesive or silicone adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flake-shaped metal particles are flake-shaped nickel particles. The surface electrode is formed using aluminum. Preferred Property: The aspect ratio of flake-shaped metal particles is 3-50, excluding 50, or 50-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus compound (I) is methylphosphonic acid, ethylphosphonic acid, propylphosphonic acid, isopropylphosphonic acid, butylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, tolylphosphonic acid, xylylphosphonic acid or benzylphosphonic acid. The phosphorus compound (II) is methylphosphinic acid, ethylphosphinic acid, propylphosphinic acid, isopropylphosphinic acid, butylphosphinic acid, phenylphosphinic acid, tolylphosphinic acid, xylylphosphinic acid or benzylphosphinic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon black has Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 200-1600 m2/g, and is preferably ketchen black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer (a) is styrene. The polar dispersion medium is an aqueous medium containing 80 wt.% or more of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The clouding point of the nonionic dispersing agent in water is 30-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The stack of fuel cells further comprises barrier is a hydrophobic polymer film (preferably polytetrafluroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene and polyfluoroaloxy co-polymer resin); and bond which is fluoroelastomer. The stack of fuel cells further comprises VITON (RTM: fluoroelastomer), FLUROEL (RTM: fluoroelastomer) and FLUOROLAST (RTM: fluoroelastomer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Panel: The solar cell has a light-receiving surface at a second side. The solar cells are provided with electrical wire connections, the wire connections being embedded in the transparent material. A number of the solar ceils are positioned with their light-receiving surface parallel to one another. An intermediate distance between solar cells positioned next to one another is equal to or greater than two times a thickness (D) of the plate-shaped body (5). The solar panel further comprises a further optical element, and the further optical element is embedded in the transparent material. The further optical element is selected from a mirror or reflector, a grating, a light diffuser and a prism. The transparent material has the property that a liquid precursor is available that can change to a form which is solid and transparent to sunlight. The transparent material is selected from a group of materials comprising: polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, epoxy, or sol-gel material. Also, a fluorescent material and/or a diffusing material and/or a refractive index-increasing material is accommodated in the transparent material. Preferred Method: Manufacturing the solar panel further comprises attaching at least two electrical conductors to the solar cell, where electrical outputs extend outside the plate-shaped body. The placing of the solar cell comprises bringing the solar cell into a desired position with respect to the plate-shaped body (5) to be formed. The plate-shaped body is constructed in a set of steps by alternately in each case further filling the mold with the liquid precursor of the transparent material and having the viscosity of the precursor increase over a period of time in the in each case further filled mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The plate structure may be made from glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The chamber is a pouch (12) made from flexible plastics material. The sample of salts and other components comprises hygroscopic and/or low solubility materials. At least one of culturing vessel and liquid nutrient medium storage chamber includes mesofluidic or microfluidic element including an oxygen permeable membrane and a plate structure formed from plastic material or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The complex oxide precursor is a meso-porous substance or amorphous substance, and exists in the form of spherical particles having diameter of 3-12 nm or hollow particles having size of 0.1-5 mu m. A metal seed containing ruthenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium or osmium and having oxide reduction function is contained in nickel particles precipitated on the surface of support. The catalyst is coated on ceramic material or metal honeycomb base material. Preferred Properties: The amount of chemical adsorption of carbon dioxide per unit weight of catalyst powder is 60 mu mol or less. The temperature at which selective methanation rate of carbon monoxide is 99.9% or more is 50-120 degrees C. Preferred Method: The catalyst powder deposited with nickel particles is coated on honeycomb base material in granular form or plate shape. The complex oxide precursor is obtained by heating fine droplets of metal salt aqueous solution containing nickel and aluminum, in normal pressure plasma or pressure reduced high-frequency plasma. The precursor is produced by sol-gel process, hydrothermal synthesis process or gaseous phase precipitation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises compound of copolymers (0.2-3 wt.%); anhydrous salt (25-40 wt.%); kind of fiber (5-20 wt.%); fusion (melting) temperature-depressing salt (3-9 wt.%); nucleating agent (2-5 wt.%); and water (40-65 wt.%). Preferred Components: The anhydrous salt is sodium sulfate. The fusion (melting) temperature-depressing salt is one or a mixture selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate. The nucleating agent is borax. Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the compound of copolymers of acrylamides and sodium acrylates is preferred having a high elongation viscosity and a high shear viscosity. The concentration of the aqueous solution of the compound of copolymers is 1-2 wt.%. The water content of the fiber is 1-15 wt.%. The eutectics of sodium sulfate decahydrate and the fusion (melting) temperature-depressing salt are formed in the composition (C1). The temperature in mixing mixture (B1) with a kind of fibers to form the composition (C1) is 28-35 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compound of copolymer is copolymer of acrylamides and sodium acrylates. The kind of fiber is natural fiber. The kind of fiber is man-made fiber. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%): sodium sulfate (25-40), sodium chloride (3-9), borax (2-5), natural fiber (5-20), copolymer (0.2-3) and water (40-65) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-reflection layer contains indium tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide (SnOx, where x is 0.1-2), titanium oxide (TiOx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy, where y is 0.1-2). The cladding layer is formed using titanium, silver, gold, platinum, molybdenum, copper, palladium, iron, nickel, tin, tungsten, vanadium, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide or photoresist.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etching buffer contains alkaline solution and water and alcohol. The alkaline solution contains sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine and hydrazine. The acidic solution is mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen fluoride, or amine compound containing ethanolamine, gallic acid, water, hydrogen peroxide and surfactant. The alcohol is ethanol or isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nano-sized balls contain silicon oxides, ceramics, polymethylmethacrylate, titanium oxides or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component (B) contains an elastomer and a flame retardant. Component (A) is 50-99.5 mass% and component (B) is 0.5-50 mass%. Component (A) is poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether). Elastomer is hydrogenated polymer of the block copolymer of aromatic vinyl compound and conjugated diene compound. Flame retardant is phosphate ester. Gas barrier layer and light resistant layer are laminated on the film for solar cell back sheets. Preferred Parameters: Electrical breakdown strength based on JIS-C2151 is greater than or equal to 100 kV/mm. Heat shrinkage rate of the extrusion direction (MD) and width direction (TD) after a 10 minute process at 150 degrees C based on JIS-C2318 are both less than or equal to 0.5 %. Partial discharge voltage based on IEC 60664-1 is greater than or equal to 1000 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The white pigment (B) is at least one of titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and alumina with an average particle diameter of 0.05-10 mu m and is contained in a content of 1-50% by mass, and the total % by mass of white pigment (B) and inorganic filler (C) is 70-93% by mass. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in parts by mass): organopolysiloxane (70); titanium dioxide as white pigment (160); spherical fused silica as inorganic filler (540); zinc benzoate as condensation catalyst (1); triglycidyl isocyanurate (5); organopolysiloxane (15); linear diorganopolysiloxane (15); KBM 803 (RTM: Mercaptosilane (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane)) as silane coupling agent (0.5); and calcium stearate (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The water vapor barrier layer consists of a vapor deposition film in which film containing metal and/or metal oxide is formed on the surface. The thickness of laminated sheet is 30-600 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: At least one of resin layers (11,12) is white-colored resin layer. The dimensional change rate of laminated sheet when maintained at 135 degrees C for 30 minutes is plus minus 1% or less. The aromatic vinyl-type resin is rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin obtained by polymerizing monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of a rubbery polymer, and/or (co)polymer of vinylic monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound. The amount of structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound in thermoplastic resin (A) with respect to total amount of structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound and structural unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound is 10-50 %mass. The thermoplastic resin (C) is saturated polyester resin. Preferred Sheet: The laminated sheet has a water vapor barrier layer between resin layers (11,l2) and/or resin layers (12,13).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises coating the elemental non-oxide metal nanoparticles with surfactants, polymers, dispersants, binders, modifiers, detergents, or additives to the elemental nanoparticles. Forming the elemental non-oxide metal nanoparticles includes condensation of a metal vapor, laser ablation, mechanical milling, grinding, nucleation from vapor, explosion of wires by electrical current surge, thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds, sonolysis, pulse radiolysis, electrochemical reduction, or chemical reduction. The liquid is formed by mixture with water or with organic solvent. The method further comprises adding a capping agent to the elemental nanoparticles. The method also comprises adding a binder and a fluxing agent to the elemental nanoparticles. Preferred Component: The group IB element is copper (Cu). The group IIIA element is indium (In) and optionally includes gallium (Ga). The group VIA element is selenium (Se) or sulfur (S). A stoichiometric ratio of Cu, In and Se or S in the liquid is CuIn1-xGax(S or Se)2. The metal vapor includes Cu and/or In, and optionally Se.x=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The capping agent is phosphines, amines, alcohols, thiols, ethers, water and glycols, trioctylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, pyridine, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethane thiol, tetrahydrofuran, ethers, ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, or acetonitrile. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The coupling step comprises dispersing carbon nanotubes in a solvent and depositing the carbon nanotubes on a substrate by using the dispersion solution. The depositing method comprises one of spin coating, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical deposition, electrophoretic deposition, spray coating, dip-coating, vacuum filtration, airbrushing, stamping and doctor blade. The method further comprises preprocessing the carbon nanotubes by at least one of a cutting step and a chemical reaction step with an acid. The method comprises step (a), forming net-shaped conductive frames on a substrate by electro-spinning the mixed solution and coupling carbon nanotubes to the conductive frames such that the carbon nanotubes fill gaps between strips of the conductive frames. Preferred Components: The metallic precursor is formed of at least one of cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, gold, iron, cadmium, rubidium, tin and indium. The carbon nanotubes are formed of at least one of single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The substrate is formed of at least one of glass, quartz and synthetic resin. The conductive frames comprise at least one of conductive polymers and metal wires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises at least one of dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethyl alcohol, water and chlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is formed of at least one of polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dry binder is polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, and non-fibrillizable fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water soluble conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hardening agent is acid anhydride or amine. The polymerization initiator is cationic polymerization initiator or radical polymerization initiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - preferred Polymer: The silsesquioxane polymer has weight average molecular weight of 3000-4000000. The refractive index of glass fiber is 1.45-1.6. Preferred Method: The molded product is obtained by mixing epoxy resin or oxetane resin to composition containing hardening agent, hydrosilylation catalyst, polymerization initiator and silsesquioxane compound (I)-(III), or composition containing silsesquioxane polymer and solvent, impregnating glass fiber with obtained mixture, and carrying out hard reaction. The molded product is obtained by impregnating glass fiber with composition containing silsesquioxane compound (I)-(III) and polymerization initiator, or composition containing silsesquioxane polymer and solvent, and carrying out photocuring reaction. Preferred Definitions:    X=oxiranyl, oxiranylene, 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl, oxetanyl, oxetanylene, acryl or (meth)acryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode catalyst is platinum carbon catalyst or platinum-ruthenium-carbon catalyst. The oxidant is selected from oxygen, air or potassium permanganate. The fuel is hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode catalyst is platinum carbon catalyst, glucose oxidase enzyme or bilirubin enzyme. The fuel is selected from methanol or glucose solution. The cathode catalyst is laccase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton exchanging film is made of Nafion (RTM: A sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) or dow solution. The high molecular polyethylene solution is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxygen scavenging material is cobalt salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic polymer material is an olefinic polymer (preferably linear polyethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The UV-thermoplastic material is made of stabilized polyolefin which comprises ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polypropylene or copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene or blends comprising polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer (a) has bivalent group-containing structural unit of formula: (Ar11)m1(Ar12)m2(Ar13)m3(Ar(power n)mn), Rx-(Ar1)n-(Ar2)o-(Ar3)p-Ry, or Rx-(Ar4)q-(Ar5)r-Ry.Rx,Ry,Ar1-Ar3,Ar11-Ar(power n)=optionally substituted conjugated bivalent group;n=14 or more;m1-mn,q,r=3 or more;n-p=0 or more;Ar4=optionally substituted arylene residue;andAr5=optionally substituted aromatic amine residue.(i) At least two of n-p are 3 or more; (ii) Rx, Ry, Ar1 and Ar3 do not have adhesion group; and (iii) when Ar2 does not have adhesion group, Ar1 or Ar3 has adhesion group and Ar4 or Ar5 has adhesion group. Preferred Property: The difference between the maximum value of the contact angle of polymer containing adhesive block structural units or non-adhesive block structural units and value of the polymeric contact angle, or the difference between the value of the polymeric contact angle and maximum value of the contact angle of polymer containing adhesive block structural units or non-adhesive block structural units, is less than 3.5 degrees . Preferred Process: Alternately, the laminated structure is formed by coating the polymer (a) to the base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the self-adjusting methane anaerobic fermenting shield, the hollow structure (2) is set with an opening (3); the upper part of the shield body (1) is set with a water pouring port (4); the water pouring port (4) is connected with the hollow structure (2) by a tube connecting opening (3); the bottom side of the shield body (1) is welded with a nylon rope; the nylon rope is hung on the latch hook (5) of the tank body by inner through hole covered in the bottom side of the shield body (1); the upper part of the shield body (1) is set with a hanging fastener (6) in annular direction; and the hollow structure (2) is made of elastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The refrigerating method can be achieved by refrigerating the liquid in the ice bag in the refrigerator. Preferred Components: The self-made refrigerant comprises ammonium nitrate, carbamide, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, and water; where the refrigerant is sub-packaged and enveloped in plastic bag, and includes solid refrigerant and liquid refrigerant. The refrigerating raw materials in the ice making liquid include water, salt and calcium chloride. The refrigerant ice making bag includes two layers; where the inner layer is set with an active ice making bag that is set with a sealing cover, and the outer layer is a PVC water bag that is set with multiple layers of sealing ports; the inlet/outlet pipeline on the lower surface is connected with the water pump and the air-conditioning garment; and the medium is refrigerated by the water pump circulating system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the solution system of electro-deposited metal Ga and Ga alloy, the metal salt is Ga metal salt or metal salt of Ga and In or Cu, where the metal salt is chloride, sulfate or nitrate; the conductive salt is mixture of at least two selected from sodium salt and potassium salt with optional ratio; the complexing agent is citric acid, citrate, tartaric acid, tartrate, glucose, gluconate, thiourea, thiosemicarbazides, triethanolamine, sulfosalicylic acid, glycin, sulfamic acid, or amido propanesulfonic acid; the organic acid is methylsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, 2-butyl-sulfonic acid, amyl-sulfuric acid, hexyl sulfuric acid, capric sulfuric acid, amido propanesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, glycin, oxalic acid, or lactic acid; the organic additive is glucose, sodium gluconate, triethanolamine, glycinate, cysteamine, cysteine, malonic acid, propylene glycol, sulfanilic acid, polyalcohol, thioglycollicacid, thiourea, mercapto heterogeneous ring compound, dithiocar-bamate, thiocyanate, pyridine carboxylic acid, or ethyleneamine, where the organic additive is applied to improve brightness of plate layer and improve wetting property and dispersing property of solution system; and the saturated alkaline solution is saturated solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is silicate, carbonate, sulfate inorganic material, mica powder, fumed silica, or glass wool fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vacuum resin is vacuum epoxy resin, vacuum unsaturated polyester or vacuum ethylene resin. The vacuum resin curing agent is vacuum epoxy resin curing agent, vacuum unsaturated polyester curing agent or vacuum ethylene resin curing agent. The vacuum resin is G300-GT200IB-type vacuum unsaturated polyester, YD535LV-type vacuum epoxy resin or SW2511-1A-type vacuum epoxy resin. The vacuum resin curing agent is M50-type unsaturated polyester curing agent, epoxy TH7257-type resin curing agent, or SW2511-1BS-type epoxy resin curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The battery is made of lead-calcium and lead-silver alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The holding rail is made of aluminum or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor material of the thin film comprises amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon with or without addition of silicon germanium, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, copper indium selenide and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CuInxGa1-xSe2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The synthetic membrane comprises ethylene propylene diene monomer, isobutylene isoprene, polychloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, nitrile rubber, ethylene chlorohydrin, thermoplastic vulcanizates, thermoplastic polyolefin, ethylene interpolymer, nitrile butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride with plasticizer, non-polymerized polyisobutylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene copolymer bitumen and chlorinated polyethylene. The woven reinforcement or backing layer comprises polyester, polyamide and glass. The bituminous membrane is improved by addition of atactic polypropylene or poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The membrane electrode assembly comprises flexible electrode element containing composite conductive material comprising carbon fiber cluster, conductive polymer, carbon fabric, and/or carbon powder. The solid hydride comprises metal boron hydride, metal hydride and/or boron nitrogen hydride. The solid catalyst comprises ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, ruthenium ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion and/or iron ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The top end plate and/or bottom end plate is plastic plate, rubber plate, metal plate, or metal mesh plate. The air flow field plate and/or hydrogen flow field plate is circuit plate, plastic plate, rubber plate, or insulation-treated metal plate. Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic elastomer polymer contains silicone, rubber or silicone rubber. The hydrogen supply device comprises plastic, rubber, nylon, or air-proof bag pack. The hydrogen supply device further comprises a water-absorbent material or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The insulating material is zirconium oxide. The elongated element is made of silicon carbide, titanium, ultra-pure silicon that is coated on the surface with boron-doped diamond, iron, electrically conducting polymer, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, tantalum, graphite and carbon. The liquid electron conductor is vanadium bromide and the powdered electron conductor is vanadium boride. The electrolyte contains carbon disulfide, potassium, lithium bromide and ammonia in aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte contains methyl alcohol and tetrahydrofuran in aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanometer porous semiconductor film of the dye sensitization nanometer porous semiconductor film is made of titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide or tungsten oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic conductive polymer is polypyrrole, polythiophene or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat ray absorber contains 0.004-4 weight parts of sulfurs and 0.01-50 weight parts of copper compound of formula XqCu (A). The copper compound (A) is copper stearate.X=S, F, Cl, -CN, phthalocyanine group, chlorophyllin sodium, bis(acetylacetonato) or R1-Y;R1=H, (cyclo)alkyl, aryl or aralkyl as monovalent group, or heterocyclic residue (each group may have substituent(s));Y=-COO, -SO4, -SO3, -PO4 or -O; andq=1 or 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The particles are crosslinking acryl particles. The thermoplastic resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate component in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 10-50 wt.%. The sheets of laminated body contains layer(s) which have polycarbonate as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sliding component contains polyester fiber woven fabric (25-35 wt.%), polyfluorinated ethylene resin (10-30 wt.%) and resol-type phenol resin cured material (40-60 wt.%). The weight ratio of resol-type phenol resin and polyfluorinated ethylene resin is 100:20-100:45. The resol-type phenol resin contains 90-100 mol% of bisphenol A as phenol raw material. The polyfluorinated ethylene resin is tetrafluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer of the polymer film is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer, (anthracene-9-yl)methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, cellulose acetate , cellulose acetate butyrate, ethylene-propylene, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, melt-processible fluoropolymer, processible fluoropolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyethylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl-methacrylate, polypropylene, polysulfide, styrene-butadiene, polyurethane rubber, polyvinyl chloride, resorcinol-formaldehyde, styrene acrylonitrile, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene ethylene, polyoxymethylene, and/or polypropylene-ethylene propylene diene monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating comprises polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, polyester and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is contained in an amount of 10-35 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the titanium dioxide. The dispersing agent has molecular weight of 1000-2000, acid value of 80-90 and degree of unsaturation of 24-27, measured according to JIS K0070. An adhesive layer containing heat bondable resin is further laminated on the other surface of the base material sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is m-cresol or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Preferred Compound: The trifunctional or more aromatic amine compound is 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: A polyimide film with thickness of 30 mu m has weight decreasing rate of 30 weight% or less, measured by immersing the film in organic solvent at 25 degrees C for 24 hours and is not fractured even when folded at 120 degrees and after processing in hot water at 130 degrees C for 48 hours. Preferred Component: The acid terminal sulfonated polyimide is a block copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar4=tetravalent group of formula (ii);and    l:m=60:40-100:0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The solar cell module protection sheet further has a fluorine resin layer. Preferred Compound: The polyorganosiloxane-type compound is polydimethylsiloxane.
Preferred Definitions:    R1=halo;and    R2=optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frame is made of plastic comprising thermostat polymer or thermoplastic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred layer: An adhesive layer is laminated on other surface of base material sheet using heat bondable resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Structure: A hole extraction layer (14) is further provided between the electrode (12) and the layer (16). The electrode (20) is aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas containing oxygen is dry air.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electron donating material is polythiophene which has non-modified terminal, and the electron accepting material is fullerene derivative which has non-modified terminal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of oxyalkylene polymer and silane coupling agent is 100:3-10, preferably 100:4-8. The amino group-containing silane coupling agent is N,N-bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-amine or bis-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The biaxially-oriented polyester film has breaking elongation retention of 10-100% in at least one direction, measured at 125 degrees C for 72 hours in relative humidity of 100%. The biaxially-oriented polyester film has thermal decomposition weight reduction amount of 0-0.2 weight% and isocyanate-type group generation amount of 0-0.05 weight%, both measured at 300 degrees C for 30 minutes, and plane-orientation coefficient of 0.155-0.3. Preferred Composition: The biaxially-oriented polyester film comprises 0.1-5 weight% of terminal blocker. The terminal blocker is carbodiimide compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The manganese-containing oxide is manganese oxide or complex oxide containing manganese and nickel or bismuth and cerium, preferably manganese dioxide or manganese III oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The copolymer contains sulfonic acid group-containing structural unit of formula (I) and the structural unit having fused aromatic ring structure of formula (II), and the copolymer is of formula (III).Y'=direct bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -(CF2)u- or -C(CF3)2-;Z=direct bond, -(CH2)l, -C(CH3)2, -O- or -S-;Ar=aromatic group having substituent chosen from -SO3H, -O(CH2)p'SO3H or -O(CF2)p'SO3H;p'=1-12;m,n=0-10;k=1-4;A,D'=direct bond, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -(CF2)l-, -(CH2)l-, -CR'2-, cyclohexylidene or fluorenylidene;u,l,i,j=1-10;B'=O or S;R'=aliphatic hydrocarbyl, aromatic hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl;R1-R16=H, F, (halo)alkyl, allyl, aryl, nitro or nitrile;s,t=0-4;r=0, 1 or more;R20=nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group;q=1-5;p=0-4;x+y+z=100 mol%;C'=group of formula (a);andX=group of formula (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The structural unit having sulfonic acid group is of formula (I) and the structural unit having fused aromatic ring structure is of formula (II).Y'=direct bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -(CF2)u- or -C(CF3)2-;Z=direct bond, -(CH2)l, -C(CH3)2, -O- or -S-;Ar=aromatic group having substituent chosen from -SO3H, -O(CH2)pSO3H or -O(CF2)pSO3H;p=1-12;m,n=0-3;k=1-4;A,D'=direct bond, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -(CF2)i-, -(CH2)j-, -CR'2-, cyclohexylidene or fluorenylidene;u,l,i,j=1-10;B'=O or S;R'=aliphatic hydrocarbyl, aromatic hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl;R1-R16=H, F, (halo)alkyl, allyl, aryl, nitro or nitrile;s,t=0-4;andr=0, 1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles in the outermost layer are inorganic particles containing calcium phosphate, titanium oxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate and/or barium sulfate, preferably porous silica. The content of particles in the outermost layer is 0.01-0.2 %mass. Preferred Property: The particles in the outermost layer have average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The laminated polyester film further has coating layer containing polyester-type resin, acrylic resin and/or polyurethane-type resin on at least one surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the assembly, a gap is present between each of the photovoltaic modules, where the gap is equal to the thickness of the modules. The thickness of the photovoltaic modules and the gap between the modules is 4-10 (preferably 7) mm. The clamp applies pressure to the photovoltaic modules at many points, preferably to at least the corners of the photovoltaic modules. The assembly includes a single clamp, or there are at least two clamps providing pressure to the four corners of the photovoltaic module. The grooves are provided by projections laterally spaced apart on a main body, where the projections: are slotted projections defining two contacting surfaces that contact a module surface; and are elliptical in shape. Preferred Method: The grooves of the first and second clamps are spaced so that the front surface of one module does not contact the back surface of an adjacent module, where the space between the grooves is equal to the thickness of the photovoltaic modules. The grooves of the first clamp are defined by contacting surfaces engaging the photovoltaic modules. The second clamp comprises many grooves, which engage the photovoltaic modules. The first and second clamps are associated with a clamp body for holding the photovoltaic modules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: When light with a wavelength of 400-700 nm is radiated to the surface of 1st resin layer, the absorption factor with respect to the light is greater than or equal to 60%, and if the light has a wavelength of 800-1400 nm, the reflectance with respect to light is greater than or equal to 50%. Dimensional change rate after letting stand for 30 minutes at 135 degrees C is below plus minus 1%. Thickness of laminated sheet is 30-600 mu m. Preferred Components: Aromatic vinyl resin is a (co)polymer of vinylic monomer with rubber reinforced aromatic vinyl resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer which contains an aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of a rubbery polymer, and/or an aromatic vinyl compound. The 2nd thermoplastic resin and 3rd thermoplastic resin are saturated polyester resins. Laminated sheet has water vapor barrier layer between the 1st resin layer and 2nd resin layer and/or between the 2nd resin layer and 3rd resin layer. Water vapor barrier layer has a vapor deposition film in which a film with metal and/or metal oxide is formed on the surface. The (co)polymer has a structural unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound (s1) and structural units derived from maleimide compound (s2) which is contained at a total of 10-50 mass% with respect to 100 mass% of total1st thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The sheet further has fluorine resin layer (C) obtained by coating the composition for fluorine resin layer formation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane-foam sealing material is attached to surface(s) of electronic device through adhesive tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ion implantation is plasma ion implantation method. Preferred Composition: Helium, argon, nitrogen, krypton, neon and/or oxygen are ion implanted. An inorganic thin film layer (26) is further laminated on the ion implanted surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are zirconium compound, titanium compound, cerium compound, uranium compound, tin compound, vanadium compound, antimony compound, calcium hydroxyapatite, and/or hydrated calcium hydroxyapatite. Preferred Properties: The inorganic particles have Stokes particle size of less than 20 nm, measured by dynamic-scattering method. The polymer electrolyte and/or inorganic particles have proton-conductivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-graphite is non-graphitizing carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The etherfication degree of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.6-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of vinyl monomer (b2) and polymer emulsion particles (B) is 0.1:1-0.5:1. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer (b2) and metal oxide component (A) is 0.1:1-1:1. The emulsion particles (B) have particle diameter of 50-350 nm, and core-shell structure equipped with core layer and shell layer(s) covering the core layer. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer (b2) and hydrolyzable silicon compound (b1) in the core layer is 0.01:1-1:1. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer (b2) and hydrolyzable silicon compound (b1) in the outermost layer of shell layer is 0.1:1-5:1. The emulsion particles (B) are obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable undiluted solution in presence of seed particles forming the core layer. The seed particles contain hydrolyzable silicon compound (b1) and vinyl monomer (b2) having secondary and/or tertiary amide group. The coating composition further contains hydrolyzable silicon compound (C) of formula: R1nSiX4-n, X3Si-R2n'-SiX3 or R3-(O-Si(OR3)2)m-OR3. The mass ratio of component (A) and emulsion particles (B) is 150:100-350:100. The mass ratio of compound (C) and component (A) is 0.5:100-110:100.R1=H, 1-10C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl;X=hydrolyzable group;n=0-3;R2=1-6C alkylene or phenylene;n'=0 or 1;R3=1-6C alkyl;andm=2-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio the content of vinyl monomer with respect to content of component (B), is 0.1/1-0.5/1. The vinyl monomer has secondary and/or tertiary amide group. The component (C) is hydrolysable silicone compound of formula: R1nSiX4-n, X3Si-R2n-SiX3 or R3-(O-Si(OR3)2)m-OR3. The mass ratio of the content of component (C) with respect to component (B), is 1/100-60/100.R1=H, 1-10C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl;R3=1-6C alkyl;X=hydrolyzable group;n=0-3;m=2-8;andR2=1-6C alkylene or phenylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the content of vinyl monomer with respect to content of component (A), is 0.1/1-1/1. The component (B) has core/shell structure comprising core layer and shell layer(s). The core layer contains vinyl monomer and hydrolysable silicone compound in mass ratio of 0.01/1-1/1. The outermost layer of the shell layer contains hydrolysable silicone compound and vinyl monomer in mass ratio of 0.01/1-1/1. The coating composition further contains component (C). Preferred Property: The polymer emulsion particles have particle diameter of 20-250 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl monomer has secondary and/or tertiary amide group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of vinyl monomer having functional group and polymer emulsion particles is 0.1/1-0.5/1. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer having functional group and metal oxide particles is 0.1/1-1/1. The polymer emulsion particles have core/shell structure comprising core layer and one or more shell layers which covers the core layer. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer having functional group and hydrolyzable silicon compound in the core layer is 0.01/1-1/1. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer having functional group and hydrolyzable silicon compound in the shell layer is 0.1/1-5/1. The coating composition further contains silicon compound of formula: R1nSiX4-n (I), X3Si-R2m-SiX3 (II) and R3-(O-Si(OR3)2)p-OR3 (III). The mass ratio of metal oxide particles and polymer emulsion particles in the coating composition is 50/100-300/100. The mass ratio of silicon compound (I)-(III) and metal oxide particles is 2/100-200/100.R1=H, or 1-10C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted);X=hydrolyzable group;n=0-3;R2=1-6C alkylene or phenylene;m=0 or 1;R3=1-6C alkyl;andp=2-8.Preferred Process: The polymer emulsion particles are obtained by polymerizing undiluted solution in presence of seed particles comprising hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer having functional group which forms core layer. Preferred Property: The polymer emulsion particles have particle diameter of 20-250 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal catalyst is a palladium catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises: reacting 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta(def)phenanthren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane compounds of formula (a) with copper(II) bromide and aqueous alcohol to give substituted fluorene compounds of formula (b) (representative of (I)).n = 1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is a semi-conducting polymer. The polymer comprises arylene co-repeat units. The polymer is a light-emitting polymer. Preferred Process: The polymerization occurs in the presence of a metal catalyst. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds (I) are disclosed i.e. 2,6-dibromo-4,4-bis-(4-hexyl-phenyl)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene of formula (Ia) and 2,6-dibromo-4,4-bis-(3-hexyl-phenyl)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta(def)phenanthrene.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal is platinum. The metal precursor is platinic compound. The paste composition further contains binder (0.1-100 parts weight) with respect to solvent (100 parts weight). Preferred Method: The dispersing agent and paste composition are mixed and sonication is carried out to obtain counter electrode. The paste composition is obtained by ball milling method, grinding method or roll milling method. The paste composition is coated on substrate by screen printing, spraying, spin coating, painting and dipping method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paste composition contains dispersing agent containing copolymer of formula (I). The amount of dispersing agent with respect to 100 parts weight of carbon nanotube is 0-100 parts weight. The copolymer has average molecular weight of 1000-150000 g/mol and polydispersion index of 1 or more.R1=polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbyl or substituted alkyl, preferably pyrene;R2,R3=optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbyl, preferably optionally substituted phenylene;m=1-50, preferably 1-30;n=0-50, preferably 1-20;p=1-500, preferably 5-100;andq=10-750, preferably 20-400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of metallic material such as aluminum, stainless steel or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The protection sheet further has a fluorine resin layer (23) containing titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The rough surface of sealing sheet has surface roughness of 1-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The one side of the surface of syndiotactic polystyrene-type resin sheet is laminated with fluororesin layer (21) and the other side of the syndiotactic polystyrene-type resin sheet surface is laminated with support sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is inorganic pigment or carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The protective sheet further has gas barrier layer. Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer is obtained by ion-implanting on polyorganosiloxane layer using gas chosen from hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, argon, krypton and xenon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material sheet contains pigment, and does not contain halogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silane compound layer consists of silane compound chosen from organic polysilazane, inorganic polysilazane, polycarbosilane, polysilane and polyorganosiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide is 90:10-50:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface of resin sheet is implanted with ions selected from the group comprising helium (He) ions, argon (Ar) ions, and krypton (Kr) ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating film further contains inorganic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate unit in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 50 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl compound is vinyl cyclohexane. The crystalline polymer (b) is chosen from ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, propylene-ethylene copolymer and propylene-1-butene copolymer. The sealing material further contains silane coupling agent (0.1-10 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoactive layer is made of one among doner, fullerene, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, perylene, perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole, polybenzimidazole fiber, nitrogen oxide, copper oxide, Indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, aluminum gallium zinc oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide or iridium oxide. An electrode layer is made of iron, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, aluminum, silver, germanium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium, tungsten, tantalum, copper or plutonium. The acceptor material is made of one among poly-3 hexylthiophene, poly 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene, poly 2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene, poly (phenylene vinylene), zinc phthalocyanine or copper phthalocyanince.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The organic photovoltaic device consists of a substrate (110), electrode (120), a buffer layer (130), a photoelectric conversion layer (140), and electrode (150). The photoelectric conversion material further contains 60C fullerene derivative or 70C fullerene derivative as electron receptor in a weight ratio of 1:0.5-1:4 with respect to electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Monomers: The donor monomers are chosen from 9 compounds e.g. thiophene compound of formula (II), thieno-cyclopenta-thiophene compound of formula (III), bisthieno-pyrrole compound of formula (IV), and dibenzosilole compound of formula (V). The acceptor monomer is benzothiadiazole compound of formula (VI), dithienyl-benzothiadiazole compound of formula (VII), naphtho-thiadiazole compound of formula (VIII), thieno-pyrazine compound of formula (IX), thiazolo-thiazole of formula (X), and/or bithiazole compound of formula (XI). The photoelectric conversion material further contains solvent (1-3 wt.%) chosen from chlorobenzene, 1,2-o-dichlorobenzene, and chloroform.R2-R5=1-20C alkyl, 1-20C heterocycloalkyl, or (hetero)aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    n/(l+m+n)=0.05 or less.    EXAMPLE - (In g) 2,7-bis(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl-1',3',2'-dioxaborolan-2'-yl)-9,9-didecylfluorene (0.3), 4,7-di-2'-(5'-bromo)-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (0.177), and N-dodecyl-2,7-dibromo carbazole (0.0212) were polymerized for 1 hour, to obtain a conductive polymer (200 mg) having a weight average molecular weight of 6796 g/mol and a polydispersity index of 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The glass frit comprises one or more materials among lead oxide-silicon dioxide, lead oxide-silicon dioxide-boron oxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-boron oxide, zinc oxide-boron oxide-silicon dioxide, bismuth oxide-boron oxide-silicon dioxide, and corresponding combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic vehicle comprises a polymer including one selected from a group of acrylate, ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, polymer of ethyl cellulose and phenolic resin, rosin, and polymethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode is lithium metal foil, and is a composite of metal carbide in which the metal is tin, silicon, antimony, magnesium and/or aluminum. The positive electrode is formed using a mixture of lithium sulfide and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalatoborate, lithium bis(fluorosulfuryl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and lithium bis(trifluoroethylsulfonyl)amide. The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethylcarbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte medium is a membrane formed by hot-pressing a mixture of polymer powders and lithium salt. The polymer powders are chosen from poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylonitrile), polyacrylonitrile and poly(vinylidene fluoride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metallic layer comprises copper or a copper alloy. The anode layer comprises lithium. The electrolyte layer comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride. The cathode layer comprises lithium cobalt oxides or lithium manganese oxides. The second metallic layer comprises materials consisting of tin, palladium, nickel, copper, chromium, and aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The fibrous substrate comprises materials consisting of carbon, carbon-containing compounds, carbides, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, silica, aluminum oxides, lead zirconium titanate, glasses, ceramics, polymers, aramids, aromatic polyamides, polyethylene, polyamides, nylons, acrylics, rayons, cellulosics, metals, metal alloys, semiconductors, superconductors, optical fibers, and wires.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant comprises a foaming agent. It is a concrete surfactant. The charcoal heating material is structured so that a user controls a burn time of the charcoal heating material by specifying a ratio of the charcoal mixture to the surfactant and water. It further comprises additives comprising coal, binder, accelerant, and lime. The binder is starch, which is derived from a source selected from corn, milo, or wheat. The surfactant has a protein base. It comprises polypeptide-alkylene polyol condensate. The surfactant comprises inorganic salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Preferred Method: In the providing, adding, and combining steps, a ratio of the charcoal mixture to the surfactant and water is varied so that the charcoal heating material has a predetermined burn time. In the providing step, the charcoal mixture comprises crushed charcoal, coal, binder, accelerant, and lime. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic cell consists of single crystal thin film of silicon germanium, silicon tin or silicon germanium tin formed on glass substrate, microcrystal thin film of silicon or silicon-germanium formed on glass substrate, amorphous thin film of silicon or silicon carbide formed on glass substrate, single crystal thin film of gallium arsenide, gallium-arsenide aluminum, indium phosphide gallium, and single crystal thin film of indium-nitride gallium formed on sapphire substrate, chalcopyrite thin film formed on soda-lime glass substrate and organic thin film formed on transparent plastic substrate. The transparent conductive film consists of metal oxide selected from group consisting of indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, magnesium oxide or cadmium oxide. The transparent substrate is selected from glass substrate, resin substrate, polycrystal substrate or monocrystal substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic substrate includes ceramic aluminum. Helium is also used in the preparation of heat dissipation substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier includes (in wt.%): ethyl cellulose (5-10), triethanolamine or lecithin (5-10) and pine oil ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The light transmission cover plate uses a high borosilicate glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The work medium passage pipe and the heat absorption plate are made of stainless steel, copper alloy material or aluminium alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor thin film is nanocrystalline film containing nanocrystalline titanium oxide and zinc oxide. The transparent conductive substrate is chosen from tin oxide conductive glass and silicon dioxide conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of squaraine dye solution is 1:100000-1:1000 mol/L. The organic solvent is methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and/or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution comprises (in g/L) lactic acid (10 mmol/L), sodium bicarbonate (2.5), calcium chloride dihydrate (0.08), ammonium chloride (1), magnesium chloride (0.2), sodium chloride (10), and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (7.2). The reference electrode is silver/silver chloride/saturated potassium chloride solution. The counter electrode is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aminating agent is chosen from diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine and tetraethylene pentamine. The starch is chosen from corn starch, rice starch and yam starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The combined prepreg material further comprises a third layer being a structural layer and comprising a cloth having a structural weave. The first, second and third layers are impregnated with the matrix material. The woven cloth has low-movement weave, such as plain weave. The keying medium is tissue or fleece. The structural weave is a triaxial weave.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The strip is coated with aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The strip is made of optical polyester or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is a surfactant containing a hydrocarbon based surfactant and/or a silicone based surfactant. The surfactant is contained in a proportion of 0.3-5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the filler. The filler is a ceramic powder in which the concentration of the total sum of iron, copper, silicon, sodium, magnesium and zirconium, provided that in the case where the ceramic powder contains zirconium oxide, and zirconium is excluded and that in the case that the ceramic power contains magnesium oxide and magnesium is excluded, is not more than 100 ppm. The filler is a ceramic powder containing at least one of an aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide. The aluminum oxide is an aluminum oxide having an alpha-conversion rate of 80% or more. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in parts by mass): nonaqueous electrolytic solution (containing lithium hexafluorophosphate in a nonaqueous solvent (0.8 moles/kg) comprising ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in a proportion of 6/4 (mass ratio)) (90); polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (10); aluminum oxide (10); and hydrocarbon based surfactant (nonionic polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) (0.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base contains glass, resin and/or semiconductor material. The total content of dissimilar-metal element in the nitride film is 1-10 atomic%. The transparent conductive material is manufactured by further carrying out anodic oxidation in aqueous solution containing an acid or its salt, hydrogen peroxide and antifreezing agent. The anodized nitride film is amorphous.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The base material is a compound having mesogenic group, of formula: -(-CH2-C(-R21)(-B1-B2-Z2)-)p-.R21=H or methyl;p=5 or more;B1=alkylene or oxyalkylene;B2=mesogenic group;andZ2=1-25C aliphatic group, aromatic group, or heterocyclyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of manganese and iron is preferably 3.5:1-4.5:1. The electrode comprises 5 wt.% or less of binder, 15-60 wt.% of carbon and 40-80 wt.% of metal oxide nanoparticles. The metal oxide further contains nickel and/or cobalt, and 5 wt.% or more of carbon nanotubes. The capacitor contains electrolyte having lithium salt in a carbonate solution. The carbonate solution contains 10-30% of ethylene carbonate and 70-90% of propylene carbonate. The lithium salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate. Preferred Properties: The electrode has mass of 0.1-2 mg and specific capacitance of 500 F/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The aerobic microbial culture is freshwater biofilm or planktonic cyano bacteria. The planktonic cyano bacteria are Synechocystic PCC 6803. The microbes are positioned on the anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: The anode and cathode are separated by a distance of 1-5 cm. The electromagnetic energy source is sunlight and is supplied for 10-14 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode has a conductive carbon layer. The vessel contains fresh water or salt water. The aqueous solution does not contain exogenous electron mediator or buffer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anode is further coated with electroconductive polymer. The electroconductive polymer is polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The reactive molecules are supplied on substrate by moving molecular region. A region (3) in which gas is supplied is arranged between molecular regions. The reactive molecule is carried by carrier gas and supplied on substrate. The substrate has at least one molecule having group capable of reacting with reactive molecule in a portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the oligomer or polymer compounds comprises reacting thieno(2,3-d)thiazol-2,5-diyl compound of formula (N1a) and thieno(3,2-d)thiazol-2,5-diyl compound of formula (N2a) optionally in the presence of a catalyst, optionally in a solution and optionally at high temperature.A, B1 = optionally substituted ethenylene, arylene, heteroarylene, thieno(2,3-d)thiazol-5,2-diyl, thieno(3,2-d)thiazol-5,2-diyl, ethynylene or diazo-groups, preferably optionally substituted phenylene-1,4-diyl, fluorenyl-2,7-diyl or thiophen-2,5-diyl;a, b, m = 0-10;n = greater than or equal to 1;R1, R2 = R, Sn(Ra1)(Ra2)(Ra3), Si(Ra1)(Ra2)(Ra3), B(ORb1)(ORb2), aldehyde, -CH=CH2 or halo;Ra1, Ra2, Ra3 = 1-12C-alkyl, aryl or H; and eitherRb1, Rb2 = H or 1-12C-alkyl; orRb1Rb2+B1 = 2-20C-ring, preferably optionally substituted phenylene-1,4-diyl, fluorenyl-2,7-diyl or thiophen-2,5-diyl.Preferred Components: (M1) is of formula (N1) and (M2) is of formula (N2). The oligomer or polymer compounds, in the form of layer from solution, are applied on the modules. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inert gas is argon or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: M in carrier supported Pt-M binary alloy catalyst, carrier supported Pt-M complex alloy catalyst, carrier supported core shell PtM catalyst, or carrier supported core shell PtM catalyst is iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, tungsten, ruthenium, tin, lead, gold, silver, iridium, osmium, molybdenum, or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing 75% Pt catalyst and 25% carbon source, and adding the mixed solution of water and organic solvent to obtain a mixture; ultrasonically dispersing the mixture for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixed sizing liquid; putting the mixed sizing liquid in hot water reaction kettle to react for 2-20 hours at 100-300, preferably 200 degrees C and 0.5-1.5, preferably 1 MPa; and drying the product in vacuum drying case. Pt catalyst (85%) is mixed with carbon source (15%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 2,7-Fluorene monomer and narrow band-gap monomer having nitrogen and sulfur, are copolymerized by Suzuki coupling reaction or Yamamoto polymerization method. Preferred Property: The absorbing wavelength of the polyfluorene conjugated polymer is more than 600 nm. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=group derived from thiophene, bithiophene, benzothiadiazole, selenole or triphenylamine;and    Ar3=group derived from thiophene, bithiophene, benzothiadiazole, benzobithiadiazole or alkyl quinoxaline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal cation is aluminum ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, bromine ion, calcium ion, or magnesium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sol-gel layer contains plate-shaped inorganic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface protection sheet further contains vapor deposition film and base film, and sealing layer on surface of sol-gel layer. The sealing layer contains 100 parts weight of modified polyolefin-type resin and 0.001-20 parts weight of silane compound of formula: R2Si(OR3)3R2=R1;andR3=1-5C alkyl.The modified polyolefin-type resin contains ethylene-propylene random copolymer including 1-10 wt.% of ethylene component and propylene-butene-ethylene ternary polymer. The back surface protection sheet further contains heat buffer layer including polyolefin-type resin between sealing layer and sol-gel layer or composite substrate. The back surface protection sheet contains polyvinyl fluoride film layer or fluorine-type coating layer as outermost layer. Preferred Properties: The modified polyolefin-type resin has melting point of 120-170 degrees C based on JIS K7121. The polyolefin-type resin has melting point of 160 degrees C or more based on JIS K7121 and bending elastic modulus of 500-1500 MPa. Preferred Process: The modified polyolefin-type resin is graft modified using unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride (0.01-20 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is aliphatic glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, aliphatic glycidyl ether type epoxy resin and/or alicyclic type epoxy resin. The solar module further comprises another substrate. The substrates are bonded with adhesive made of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral or thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) thin film is 10-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high boiling solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dry polymer is polyether-ether-ketone. The polysulfonate additive is polyethersulfone or polysulfone. The mass ratio of polysulfonate additive to polyether-ether-ketone is 1/3-1/5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sliding elements are made from plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water barrier layer comprises a sheet of watertight roof covering foil made of material selected from a group containing bitumen, polyolefin-copolymerisate-bitumen, PVC and polymerized ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A photonic layer (1) is arranged on the plastic molded body or over a dielectric interference filter, where the interference filter is formed as an edge filter, band-pass filter or an inverse opal. The photonic layer is formed of photonic crystals. A flat reflector (3) is arranged under the plastic molded body. The reflector comprises a mirror, a white foil or a plate. The photonic layer is arranged on the plastic molded body and the reflector is arranged under the plastic molded body.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plastic molded body is dyed with: at least an organic fluorescent dye, based on of rylene, perylene, terylene and/or quaterylene; or at least one dye, based on complex lanthanide compounds; or at least one dye, based on nanoscopic semiconductor (quantum dots).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic molded body is built of several individual plastic molded bodies, which are individually bonded and dyed with at least one fluorescent dye. Preferred Method: The plastic molded body is prepared by injection molding or injection compression molding. The multilayered plastic molded body is prepared by sandwich injection molding, sandwich injection-compression molding, multi-component composite injection molding or multi-component composite injection-compression molding. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composition exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.5-7 watts/(m.kelvin) at 22 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. The fillers have a thermal conductivity of 10 watts/(m.kelvin) at 25 degrees C and 50 relative humidity. The heat-conductive fillers are oxide, carbide, silicide, boride and nitride and graphite. The parts by weight of thermally conductive filler is preferably greater than the parts by weight of copolymer in the composition. The solar module comprises at least one layer containing inorganic and/or organic glass, at least one layer containing the composition, at least one unit containing at least one photosensitive layer and optionally at least one additional layer from organic polymers or organosilicon polymer and optionally at least one additional layer from organic polymers, organosilicon polymer, metallic materials, mineral materials and wood contained in the form of laminate. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises (c) stabilizers, (d) organic solvent, (e) plasticizer, (f) adhesion agent, (g) release agent, (h) anti-caking agent, (i) radiation reflective fillers and (j) additive. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal boron hydride comprises NaBH4, LiBH4, Ca(BH4)2, MgBH4, KBH4 or Al(BH4)3. The metal hydride comprises LiH, NaH or CaH2. The boron nitrogen hydride comprises ammonia borane, diborane, diamino diborane, H2B(NH3)2BH4, poly(amino borane), borazine, borane-morpholine complex, or borane-tetrahydrofuran complex. The solid catalyst comprises ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises methanol and/or ethanol. The solid hydrogen fuel comprises solid hydride, solid catalyst, and hydrophobic elastomer polymer. The solid hydride comprises alkali/alkaline metal boron hydride, metal hydride and/or boron nitrogen hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The super water absorbent material is a polymer containing polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, poly(ethylene oxide), starch graft copolymer or rubber blend. The super water absorbent material is a combination of the polymer and a cotton material. The hydrophobic elastomer polymer comprises silicone, rubber, or silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The guide vane has a fabric such as ripstop nylon, polyester, glass reinforced elastomer, polypropylene, Kevlar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Electrolyte: The aromatic ring structure is of formulae (I)-(VII). Superacidic group is introduced into aromatic ring of side chain, and is of formula: -R-SO3M+. The superacidic group is introduced into group of formula: -(Ar1-X1-Ar2-X2)n-(Ar3-X3-Ar4-X4)m. Alternately, the superacidic group is introduced into polymeric fluorenylidene biphenyl group of formula (VIII) and polymeric fluorenyl group of formula (IX) or (X). The electrolyte consists of a block, in which superacidic group is not introduced, and block, in which superacidic group is introduced. The superacidic group is introduced by reacting halogenated superacidic group compound with a prepolymer containing aromatic ring substituted with halogen. The prepolymer is obtained by polycondensing halogenated fluorenyl diphenol compound of formula (XI) and dihalogen aromatic compound.R=alkyl or alkyloxy, in each of which portion(s) of H is optionally substituted by fluorine and optionally having ether oxygen;M+=cation;Ar1-Ar4=bivalent aromatic group;X1-X4=coupling group, preferably oxygen or sulfur;n,m=0-100;m+n=100;Ar5-Ar6=coupling group;p=2 or more;X=halo;q,r,s=0-3;andx+q+r+s=1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polymer is hardening by cooling the polymer. The cooling occurs at 20-150 degrees C. The polymer is softened by heating the polymer into a liquid state or by heating the polymer into a rubbery state. The pressure is 0.1-2000 bar. A mold with an inverse structure of pyramids and/or grooves and/or hemispheres and/or cubicals is used. The polymeric plate is coated with an additional layer after hardening the polymeric plate. The process is a batch process. Preferred Components: The polymer is polymethylmethacrylate. EXAMPLE - Thermally liquefied polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was injected into a closed nickel mold (33x 33x 0.15 cm) containing an array of square based pyramid structures with a height of 1 mm. The liquefied polymer was hardened by cooling to 40 degrees C. After hardening the mold was opened and a textured polymeric plate is obtained. A total of four of the textured plates were applied to a glass plate (substrate) of 1x 1 meter by using liquid adhesive. The glass plate containing the textures plates was used as a cover plate for a photovoltaic device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Arrangement: The electrical wiring is provided in the surface of optical waveguide through a porous layer. The porous layer is formed by drying a coagulating liquid, after casting the polymer solution into a film on a base material. The electrical wiring is formed by plating, printing or etching.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Compound (D) is of formula (IV).Ra=hydrocarbyl;andRb=hydrocarbyl other than vinyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Component (C) consists of structures chosen from structures of formulae: -(-C(-R1)(-R2)-C(-R3)=C(-R4)-C(-R5)(-R6)-)n1- and -(-R13-O-C(=O)-O-)n5-, and formulae (I-III). Component (C) is preferably an epoxidized polybutadiene having hydroxyl group at both terminals, or polycarbonate polyol.R1-R12=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;n1,n5,n-p=1 or more;andR13=optionally substituted bivalent hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silver particles, titanium or titanium hydride particles and metal particles in the conductive powder is 30-98 wt.%, 1-70 wt.% and 1-10 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The inorganic layer contains silicon oxycarbide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide or silicon oxynitride. Preferred Arrangement: The laminated structure of gas barrier film is sequential laminated structure of inorganic layer, organic layer and inorganic layer, or laminated structure comprising two or more organic layers and 2 or more inorganic layers which are laminated alternately. The device is sealed using the gas barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of thiol group-containing compound in the organic layer is 12 %mass or more. The compound having thiol group in a molecule is secondary thiol group-containing compound of formula: Z-(O-C(=CH2)-CH2-CH(-SH)-)n.n=2-6;andZ=n-valent coupling group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (B) has benzoxazole-type structure (II) and vinyl structure (III) in same molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The window layer is surface-treated with a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum, copper, boron, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, gallium, nickel and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV resistant agent comprises one or more of carbon black, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or zinc barium light screener.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic phosphate flame retardant comprises one or more of resorcinol-diphosphonate diphenyl, liquid tetraphenyl bisphenol A diphosphonate, solid tetraphenyl bisphenol A diphosphonate, tricresyl phosphate or tritolyl phosphate. The hindered phenol antioxidant can be 4(methyl- beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) pentaerythritol (antioxidant 1010) or beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl) propionic n-octadecanol ester (antioxidant 1076). The phosphite ester antioxidant can be triphenyl phosphite (TPP) or phosphite (2,4-ditertiary butyl phenyl) ester (antioxidant 168). The sulfo-ester antioxidant can be dilauryl thiodipropionate (antioxidant DLTP) or distearyl thiodipropionate (antioxidant DSTP).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyphenyl ether composition comprises 65-75 pts.wt. polyphenyl ether resin, 25-35 pts.wt. high-impact polystyrene resin, 2-4 pts.wt. polyolefin resin, 7-11 pts.wt. phosphorus flame retardant, 0.6-0.8 pts.wt. antioxidant and 0.1-0.3 pts.wt. UV resistant agent. The characteristic viscosity coefficient of the polyphenyl ether resin in chloroform at 25 degrees C is 0.3-0.5 dL/g. The melt flow rate of the high-impact polystyrene resin at 200 degrees C with load of 5 kg is 2-10 g/10 minutes. The polyolefin resin comprises one or more of low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene or ethylene-propylene copolymer. The flame retardant is organic phosphate flame retardant. The antioxidant comprises one or more of hindered phenol antioxidant, phosphite ester antioxidant or sulfo-ester antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylate compound is methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate, acrylic ester-2-ethylhexyl, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl Methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate. The catalyst (A) is mixture of tellurium and cadmium. The catalyst (B) is dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin acetic acid, dibutyltin dioctylic acid or stannous octoate. The crosslinking agent is methyl triisobutyl ketoximo silane or vinyl triisobutyl ketoximo silane. The silane coupling agent is y-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 1,2,5-(trimethoxypropyl-silane)isocyanate. The plasticizer is methyl-blocked polydimethylsiloxane having viscosity of 0.5-20 Pa.seconds at 25 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active calcium carbonate is active calcium carbonate treated by resin acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The portable heat exchanger is made of high conducting metal forming annular shape. It is preferably made of copper tubing. The heat exchanger is held together by clamps made of high conducting metal e.g. copper to maintain high energy absorbance characteristics. The heat exchanger of 0.1-10, preferably 1-3 L capacity is used in conjunction with rural stove e.g. 3 stone cooking stove to heat the water at 60-100 degrees C within 0.1-60, preferably less than 6 minutes, and partially purify the water at 60-100 degrees C by rolling boil, preferably in less than 6 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rural cooking stove e.g. 3 stone cooking stone uses wood or agricultural residues e.g. cow dung, maize cobs and stalks, and sugarcane residues to generate fire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar panel tray is made of metal (e.g. aluminum, iron, or brass) or plastic (polycarbonate, polyester, or polyacrylic). The solar panel tray inner sides and bottom layer are blackened by paint or black anodizing, such that it acts as black body. The solar panel lid or top layer (2) is made of clear plastic, preferably polycarbonate for being tough and allows transmission of sunlight through it. The solar panel is connected to water tank of 5-100 L or more capacity and is made of inexpensive material, preferably plastic or metal. The water tank has solar panel outlet (9) and is connected to a float (15) made of light density material e.g. polystyrene by a strap. The solar panel heats the water at 60-100 degrees C within 0.1-10, preferably 1-4 hours at sunlight temperatures of 10-50, preferably 25-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer comprises charge transporting repeat unit. It comprises monomers, greater than or equal to 1 of which is a hydrocarbon monomer in which greater than or equal to 1C atom has been substituted by an atom or group with a greater quantity of unshared valence electrons than the carbon atom it has been substituted for. The process further comprises polymerization of the monomers to form the polymer, which is formed in the presence of a metal catalyst, preferably palladium catalyst. The molecular weight of the polymer is at least partially controlled by using an excess of brominated monomer. The monomers comprise greater than or equal to 2 distinct sets of monomers, where the first set of monomers comprises hydrocarbon monomer(s) in which greater than or equal to 1C atom has been substituted by an atom or group with a greater quantity of unshared valence electrons than the carbon atom it has been substituted for, and the second set of monomers comprises monomer(s), which comprises a lesser quantity of unshared valence electrons relative to the first set of monomers. The first set of monomers polymerizes more slowly than the second set of monomers. The atom or group with a greater quantity of unshared valence electrons than the carbon atom it has been substituted for comprises amine group(s). The end-capping compound does not comprise a nitrogen atom. The end-capping group is a hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon. It comprises greater than or equal to 3 rings. The end-capping group comprises fluorene group(s). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The collector is partly made of expandable insulating plastic material e.g. polypropylene, polyethylene, aliphatic/aromatic polyamide, mixer of polyphenylene ether e.g. alloy of polyphenylene ether, polystyrene and butadiene, alloy of polyphenylene ether and polypropylene, and alloy of polyphenylene ether and polyamide, polyethersulfone, polyester, and polybutylene terephtalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The carboxyl terminal radical weight of polyester is 8 equivalent/ton or less. Preferred Process: The polyester is mixed with less than 20 equivalent/ton of carboxyl-end-group blocking agent, and then molded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The adhesive layer has cycloolefin polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin has a viscosity of 500-300 Pa-second at room temperature. The resin comprises monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), and a photoinitiator and/or additive(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The layer containing zinc oxide material is formed on n-type amorphous silicon layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-resistant layer contains cycloolefin type-resin and/or fluororesin. The protection sheet further contains aluminum layer between adhesive layer (a) and adhesive layer (b) (24).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The metal-containing particles are pure metal particles having metallic element, alloy particles containing several metallic elements, or metallic compound particles containing metallic element and non-metallic element. The metal-containing particles contain metallic element chosen from copper, nickel, titanium, chromium, platinum and gold, preferably copper, titanium and chromium. The metallic compound particles and metallic compound contain metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal sulfate, metal phosphate and metallic phosphorus compound. The metallic compound contains metal oxide. The ion trapping particles contain nickel phosphide. The metallic compound is nitride of IIId or IVd group transition element, preferably titanium nitride, chromium nitride or zirconium nitride. The ion blocking layer has thickness of 50-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The resin layer contains polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Region: The titanium complex oxide layer region has compositional formula: TiO2.nTiOR.n=positive number;andR=organic group or metal atom.The surface of titanium dioxide crystal grain is coated with titanium complex oxide. The titanium complex oxide layer region has thickness of 0.5-500 nm. A pigment is supported on the coating layer. The electrode substrate is metal substrate. The titanium compound is alkoxide or chloride of titanium. The amount of titanium compound is 0.01-50 wt.% with respect to titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from 4C or less lower alcohol, ethyl cellulose and terpineol. The coating composition contains dispersing component and compatible component for carrying out solute stabilization of titanium compound. The dispersing component is chosen from glycol ether, acetic acid, trimethyl acetate, beta -diketone and water, preferably glycol ether. The compatible component is glycol ether chosen from butyl cellosolve or propyl cellosolve. The amount of dispersing component with respect to titanium oxide is 0.01-50 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-sealing sheet contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The amount of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20 %mass or less. The base material sheet is resin sheet. Preferred Layer: The protective sheet further has fluorine-containing resin layer (25) laminated on the surface opposite to the surface of the heat-sealing sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The acrylic urethane resin layer is formed on the opposite surface of the base material sheet to which a sealing material is contacted. Preferred Process: The acrylic urethane resin layer consists of a resin obtained by mixing and reacting acrylic polyol and polyisocyanate. The protective sheet is formed by laminating acrylic urethane resin layer on surface of the base material sheet, and an aluminum layer on other surface of the base material sheet through adhesive layer (23). Preferred Components: The acrylic polyol is polyester-modified acrylic polyol. The acrylic polyol has ultraviolet ray stable group or ultraviolet-ray absorptive group in a molecule. The polyisocyanate is chosen from hexamethylene diisocyanate-type polyisocyanate, biuret-type polyisocyanate, adduct-type polyisocyanate, bifunctional prepolymer-type polyisocyanate and block-type polyisocyanate. The adhesive layer consists of ionomer resin which is formed by crosslinking metal ion between the molecules of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and/or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer. Preferred Properties: The acrylic polyol has weight average molecular weight of 5000-300000, glass transition temperature of 30-80 degrees C and hydroxyl value of 25-150 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The molar ratio of isocyanate group of polyisocyanate component and hydroxyl group of acrylic polyol component is 0.5-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of thermally expansible particles contained in the thermoplastic resin sheet is 0.1-30 %mass. Preferred Properties: The diameter of the particles before thermal expansion is 5-50 mu m. The thermal expansion temperature of the thermally expansible particles is 85-150 degrees C which is more than the softening point of the thermoplastic resin contained in the thermoplastic resin sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contains polyolefin-type resin. The thermoplastic resin is polyolefin-type resin. The protection sheet further contains metal sheet and vapor deposition layer containing inorganic oxides laminated on surface (b) of base film which is opposite to surface (a), and fluororesin layer provided in outermost layer(s). The fluororesin layer is the coating film formed using coating material containing fluorine-containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sintering auxiliary agent powder contains titanium and/or titanium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The viscous composition further contains water-insoluble 5-8C hydrocarbon type organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic material of the carrier is coated with an inorganic ion conductive material that is a component of oxide, phosphate, sulfate, titanate, silicate and aluminosilicate of zirconium and lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inhibitor is prepared by mixing sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate in a ratio of 1:1. The stabilizing agent is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide and phosphoric acid in a ratio of 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inner battery core comprises polyethylene and/or polypropylene, or nickel coated metal, copper coated metal or organic matter covered metal. The strongly endothermal heat storage matter is paraffin wax, mixture of paraffin wax and metal, mixture of paraffin wax and graphite, or mixture of paraffin wax and carbon fiber. The flame-resistant matter is 1,2-ethenylene carbonate ester, phenylphosphate, 3-butylphosphate, tri-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phosphate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)methylphosphate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-diethyl phosphate, ethylene vinyl phosphate, difluoro-methyl acetate, methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylethyl carbonate ester, ethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylethyl carbonate ester and propyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylethyl carbonate ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer saponified compound and/or polyolefin-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer saponified compound and/or polyolefin-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin sealing sheet consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate-ester copolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface layer contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer and polyolefin-type resin. The inner layer contains thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The radical trapping agent is chosen from phenol-type trapping agent, phosphorus-type trapping agent, sulfur-type trapping agent and bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate (HALS)-type trapping agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The low-crosslinked resin sealing sheet has gel fraction of 1-65 %mass, and contains organic peroxide (0.2-1 %mass) and radical trapping agent (1-3 %mass). The resin contained in resin sealing sheet is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate copolymer, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer and polyolefin-type resin. Preferred Property: The resin has gel fraction of 1-90 %mass after crosslinking process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The resin sealing sheet has gel fraction of 1-60 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin sealing sheet does not contain organic peroxide, and is crosslinked by ionizing radiation exposure. The resin contained in the sealing sheet is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate copolymer and polyolefin-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The light transmissive portion has haze value of 30% or less and width of 3-30 mm. The minimum thickness of light transmissive portion is 90% or less of thickness of convex portion of embossing portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The solar cell is selected from multi-crystalline solar cells, thin film solar cells, compound semiconductor solar cells, and/or amorphous silicon solar cells. The assembly further comprises an incident layer positioned next to the front encapsulant layer and a backing layer positioned to the back encapsulant layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The incident layer and backing layer are selected from (i) glass sheets, (ii) polymeric sheets formed of polycarbonates, acrylics, polyacrylates, cyclic polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters, and/or fluoropolymers, and (iii) polymeric films formed of polyesters, polycarbonate, polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, nylons, polyurethanes, acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellophane, poly(vinyl chlorides), and/or fluoropolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the activator is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfide, potassium phosphate, sodium nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or hydroperoxide. The material of the first semiconductor stack layer or the second semiconductor stack layer including at least one element comprising gallium, aluminum, indium, arsenic, phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, selenium, antimony, cadmium, tellurium, mercury, sulfur, hydrogen, magnesium, tin, boron, lead, carbon, and silicon. The cavities containing the gas comprising oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, argon, xenon, carbon dioxide, methane, silane, nitrous oxide, and/or ammonia. The transparent adhesion layer on the supporting substrate includes at least one material comprising an electrically conductive material, an organic adhesive material, or an electrically insulative material. The electrically conductive material comprising indium tin oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, cadmium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, gallium arsenide, or gallium arsenide phosphide. The electrically insulative material comprising the dielectric material, photoresist SUB, benzocyclobutene, perfluorocyclobutane, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, cycloolefin copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate, poly(etherimide), fluorocarbon polymer, silicone, glass, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, Silicon-On-Glass, or tetraethyl orthosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The bulk heterojunction layer is formed by solution coating method. Preferred Compound: The benzimidazole compound (I) having partial structure is of formula (II). The benzimidazole compound (I) is low-molecular weight compound further having partial structure of formula (III).X'1=optionally substituted carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or selenium, preferably sulfur;R1,R2=H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or ether;X2=optionally substituted carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur or selenium, preferably optionally substituted nitrogen;andZ2,Z3=hydrocarbyl aromatic ring or 5 or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, preferably nitrogen-containing 6-membered heteroaromatic ring. Preferred Definitions:    X1=5-membered heteroaromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles contain inorganic oxide. The inorganic fine particles are mesoporous inorganic fine particles containing two or more metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ionic monomer having polymerizable functional group is of formula: R-Z+-(R')n.X- (I) or R2-N+(-R1)(-R3)-R4.X-(II).Z=nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus;R=polymerizable functional group or R'-containing polymerizable functional group;R',R2-R4=optionally substituted alkyl;or R'+Z=ring;X=polymerizable functional group or organic anion-containing polymerizable functional group, preferably N(SO2CF3)2, N(SO2F)2, BF3Y' or N(CN)2;Y'=alkyl or perfluoroalkyl;andR1=polymerizable functional group or R2-R4-containing polymerizable functional group.(i) When Z is nitrogen or phosphorus, n is 3; (ii) When Z is sulfur, n is 2; (iii) At least one of R and X is polymerizable functional group; and (iv) At least one of R1 and X is polymerizable functional group. Preferred Group: The polymerizable functional group is ethylenic unsaturated bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The compound (a) is copolymer. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of compound (a) is 500-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: joining the first coated base material and a second base material to form a photovoltaic module (2000); applying a hole transport material to the heterojunction composite material; and applying a heterojunction composite material to the coating before the joining step. The parting of the coating and the melting of the first base material disrupts electrical continuity of the coating. The scoring step is performed mechanically using a heated stylus or a soldering iron tip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heterojunction composite material comprises fullerenes e.g. C60, fullerene particles and carbon nanotubes. The fullerene particles have an average size of 100-400 nm. The heterojunction composite material comprises a conjugated polymer. The coating comprises a conductive layer. The first base material comprises a polyethylene terephthalate material. The first base material is significantly light transmitting. The first base material is flexible. The coating comprises indium tin oxide. The conjugated polymer is polythiophene, polyquinoline, or polyphenylene vinylene. The hole transport material comprises polythiophene or polyaniline. The hole transport material comprises poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene). The heterojunction composite material is dispersed in a hole transport material. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The voucher module is operatively connected to the network through bi-directional communication channel or serial bus that conforms to IEEE 1394 standard. The wireless network in computer system conforms to IEEE 802.11 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The precursor is alternately obtained by mixing material (b) with reaction product. The reaction product is obtained by hydrothermally reacting the material (a) in presence of water at supercritical state or subcritical state. The baking is carried out in anoxic atmosphere. Preferred Elements: The metallic element in material (a) is zirconium or titanium. Preferred Composition: The electrode catalyst contains metallic compound containing titanium and oxygen, and carbon material which covers surface(s) of metallic compound. The metallic compound containing titanium and oxygen, is titanium oxide. Preferred Property: The electrode catalyst has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-specific-surface-area of 15-500 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder has spherical shape having a particle size D50 of 0.2-5 mu m; and further comprises a lead borosilicate glass having particle size of less than or equal to 10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components : The tungsten, molybdenum and/or gold powder is added at 5-40 wt.%. The aluminum powder has spherical shape having particle diameter D50 of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal powder has spherical shape having a particle size D50 of 0.2-5 mu m. The metal powder further comprises silver powder, a copper powder and/or a zinc powder (0.2-8 wt.%) having spherical shape having particle diameter D50 of 0.5-10 mu m; and silicon powder (0.1-5 wt.%) having particle diameter D50 of 0.2-8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive pulp comprises a glass powder (5-35), an organic carrier (5-30), and a metal powder (40-75); and further comprises amino polyamide resin (2-8 of organic carrier quantity). The polyethylene polyamine comprises diethylene triamine and/or triethylene tetramine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amino polyamide resin is formed by polymerizing dimeric acid or trimeric acid and polyethylene polyamine. The dimeric acid or trimeric acid comprises dipolymer or tripolymer of soybean fatty acid, dipolymer or tripolymer of acidic oil acid, or dipolymer or tripolymer of eleostearic acid. The organic carrier comprises resin selected from phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, acrylic resin and/or cellulose base polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The constituent of pressurizing element is silicone resin material or fluorine compound resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The non-imprintable portion includes glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The step of forming an imprinted surface involves hot embossing, soft lithography, micro-contact imprinting, and ultraviolet lithographical imprinting. The method further involves disposing a filler layer on the thin-film photovoltaic layers. Preferred Components: The filler layer is transparent to a wavelength of interest. The thin-film photovoltaic layers include a hole conductor layer (28), an active layer (26) and an electron conductor layer (24). In the cell (c1), the substrate includes a glass layer with an imprintable polyimide layer disposed on the glass layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate includes a non-imprintable portion and an imprintable portion. The imprintable portion includes polyimide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The different types of concrete include polymer-based concrete. The columns, cross beams, or bracing diagonals are connected together by e.g. resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bladder is made of polyurethane or nitrile rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Thermosetting resin is epoxy resin. Porosity is less than or equal to 5%. Preferred Process: Hardening is performed under pressure. The reaction liquid is supplied to the hydrogen producing agent through a water absorption body which contacts a part of the hydrogen producing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin sealing sheet contains resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate-ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl-acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound and polyolefin type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet has 1-60 %mass of gel fraction. The resin contained in the resin sealing sheet is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer, saponified compound of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, saponified compound of ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer and/or polyolefin-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melting point of polyolefin-type resin is 70-100 degrees C. The thickness of surface layer is 135 mu m or less which is 30% or less of the thickness of resin sealing sheet. Preferred Composition: The surface layer further contains resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate-ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl-acetate-acrylate copolymer saponified compound and ethylene-glycidylmethacrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hetero atoms other than nitrogen atom are oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and/or phosphorus atom. The metal is cobalt, nickel, iron and/or copper. The catalyst body comprises platinum catalyst. Preferred Parameter: The fibrous carbon has diameter of 10 nm-50 mu m in diameter. The fibrous carbon has specific surface area of 0.1-1000 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerizable hetero atom containing compound is polymerized in mixed solution using polymerizable hetero atom containing compound as hetero atom containing organic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device in the form of thin film transistor comprises a substrate, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, a gate dielectric component, and a semiconductor component, where the semiconductor component is in contact with the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the gate dielectric component is in contact with the semiconductor component on one side and the gate electrode on an opposite side. The device in the form of photovoltaic device comprises a substrate, an anode, a cathode, and a semiconductor component disposed between the anode and the cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The optionally substituted phthalimide 3,6-diyl unit of formula (I). The photoactive semiconductor component comprises a blend material containing fullerene derivatives.R1=H, 1-40C alkyl, 2-40C alkenyl or 1-40C haloalkyl;andR'a and R'b=H, halo, CN, 1-40C alkyl, 2-40C alkenyl, 1-40C haloalkyl, 1-40C alkoxy or 1-40C alkylthio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The semiconductor component comprises oligomeric or polymeric compound containing in its backbone of optionally substituted phthalimide 3,6-diyl units, and where the oligomeric or polymeric compound has a degree of polymerization of 2-10000 (preferably 10-10000). The polymeric compound comprises first repeating unit of formula (I) and at least one additional repeating units of formula -(Ar')-, -( pi -2)-, or -Z'- (preferably unit selected from 7 unit as given in specification e.g. compound of formula (II), especially unit selected from 10 unit as given in specification e.g. compound of formula (III)).Ar'=optionally substituted monocyclic moiety;Z'=conjugated linear linker comprises unsaturated bond;andpi -2=polycyclic moiety (optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode comprises indium tin oxide. The cathode comprises aluminum. The device further comprises a layer of lithium fluoride disposed between the active layer and the cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The active layer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The active layer further comprises (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The ratio of P3HT and PCBM is 1:1 by weight. The interfacial layer further comprises poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-(3 -methylpropyl))-diphenylamine) (TFB). The ratio of 5,5'-bis((p-trichlorosilylpropylphenyl) phenylamino)-2,2'-bithiophene (PABTSi2) and TFB is less than 1 by weight, preferably 1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive filler is carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The performance battery comprises nickel metal-hydride, nickel-zinc, silver-zinc, nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion or lithium polymer. The bulk storage battery is selected from a group of lead-acid, nickel-iron, sodium-sulfur, zinc-manganese dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises a second order battery protection circuit connected to the at least one cell, and a thermal fuse. The first order battery protection circuit disconnects via a thermal fuse or a battery disconnect switch. At least one sensor is a stress sensor. The predetermined condition is a dimension of the at least one cell or a pressure inside of at least one cell. At least one cell is a lithium polymer cell. At least one sensor is combination of many temperature sensors. The temperature sensors are attached to the lithium polymer cells in a distributed manner. At least one sensor is: a voltage sensor; a current sensor connected to the battery condition indicator and controller; a stress sensor; or a strain sensor. The battery pack further includes: a battery condition indicator having a display; a battery condition indicator having an annunciator; a fire and/or explosion resistant enclosure containing the battery pack; and a fire and/or explosion resistant enclosure containing many lithium polymer cells. The charger is coupled to the lithium polymer cells such that the charger directs a discharge load current on a path separate from a path of charging current. The battery condition indicator and controller has electromagnetic interface. The electric current output from the battery pack conducts in a circuit separate from the charger. The recited elements are contained in housing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backup battery is a polymer-type battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Method: The ink is applied on a substrate (22) using an inkjet printer, and transparent conductive film is formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The transparent conductive particles are electroconductive metal oxide particles consisting of indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide and/or cadmium oxide. The electroconductive metal oxide particles further contain element chosen from tin, antimony, aluminum and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The dispersing agent consists of comb-shaped copolymer having a basic functional group and an acidic functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solid rubber includes ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and/or butadiene rubber. The non-crosslinked component of the solid rubber includes rubber component(s) chosen from ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber, a crosslinking agent chosen from organic peroxides whose 1-hour half-life period temperature is 130 degrees C or less, a crosslinking auxiliary agent, and an adhesive component formed of resorcinol compound together with a melamine compound and a silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number (N) of branches produced by comonomer in copolymer satisfies following relation: 0.67x E+53 plus minus 0.67x E+80. The ratio of melt-flow rate (r1) measured at 190 degrees C under load of 10 kg and melt-flow rate (r2) measured at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg, is less than 7, preferably 5-6.2. The ratio of melt viscosity (V1/V2) is 4.5 or less. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains hindered amine-type light stabilizer. The content of organic peroxide, silane coupling agent and hindered amine-type light stabilizer, is 0.2-5 parts weight, 0.01-5 parts weight and 0.01-2.5 parts weight, respectively with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst material contains platinum, gold or carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The metal substrate consists of titanium, aluminum, iron, nickel, iron-nickel alloy, copper or copper-nickel alloy. The metal substrate has thickness of 10-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sheet consisting of cellulose fiber has a basic weight of 10-30 g/m2 and a thickness of 0.04-0.13 mm. The sheet consisting of polyolefin type resin has a basic weight of 5-20 g/m2 and a thickness of 0.05-0.25 mm. Preferred Component: The polyolefin type resin is polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The composite film further has an adhesive layer which is formed using resin layer containing epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ferritic stainless steel further contains (in %mass) zirconium (0.1 or less), lanthanum (0.1 or less), yttrium (0.1 or less), rare-earth metal (0.1 or less), boron (0.005 or less), magnesium (0.005 or less) and calcium (0.005 or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intermediate electroconductive layer is made up of niobium-doped titanium dioxide, tin-doped indium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony sulfide-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped oxide and doped zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Thin-film photoelectric converter is made of amorphous layer which is made of i-type amorphous silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The upper electroconductive layer is made of platinum group element, alloy of platinum group elements, aluminum, silver, carbon and conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive polymer is made of thiophene derivative, carbazole derivative and aniline derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The absorption layer (a) is composed of N,N'-dimethylquinacridone or zinc phthalocyanine. The absorption layer (b) is composed of tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)porphine cobalt complex. The acceptor layer is composed of material chosen from naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid, bathocuproine and fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The barrier layer is composed of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of catalyst ink is 0.7 weight% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The liquid absorbing rate of the film is 210-360% and the current conducting rate at room temperature is 0.000304 S/cm. The spinning temperature in step (ii) is 18-60 degrees C and the humidity is 35-80%. The speed of the spinning solution is 0.5-9 ml/hour at 7-15 kV for 1-3 hours. The rotating speed of the cylindrical receiver is 5-500 rotations per minute. Preferred Components: The aperture of the polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer nanofiber is 0.2-10 mu and the diameter is 300-700 nm. The average molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is 20000000 g/mol and that of hexafluoropropylene 477000 g/mol. The mass ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide to acetone in the mixed solvent is 7:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The thickness of upper silicon layer is 1-100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type semiconductor layer comprises cadmium sulfate, zinc sulfate or indium sulfate. The high resistivity layer comprises: a metal oxide including vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, indium tin oxide, strontium oxide, cadmium oxide, and/or indium oxide, or their alloys; an insulation material having capacitive effect, where the insulation material is silicon or aluminum oxide; or a metal nitride. The transparent conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum gallium zinc oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc oxide or zirconium dioxide. The metal layer comprises molybdenum, chromium, vanadium or tungsten. The substrate is a glass substrate, a polyimide flexible substrate, a metal plate or foil of stainless steel, molybdenum, copper, titanium or aluminum. The assistant electrode layer includes many slender metal strips, or metal wires with a slender shape which cover 0.01-10% of the effective light absorption area of the photovoltaic cell structure. The material of the assistant electrode layer is silver, aluminum or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The thickness of the n-type semiconductor layer is 1-1000 nm. The high resistivity layer is interposed between the metal layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, or between the n-type semiconductor layer and the transparent conductive layer. The high resistivity layer has a thickness of 25-2000 Angstrom .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin sealing sheet layer is crosslinked by ionizing radiation. The resin sealing sheet layer contains resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic- acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate-ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound, ethyleneglycidylmethacrylate copolymer and polyolefin-type resin. The dry laminate of resin sealing sheet layer and back sheet layer is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active layer is made of amorphous silicon, copper-iridium selenide, copper indium gallium selenide, gallium arsenide or cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective film is made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, PVC, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, fluoro- propylene-ethylene or fluoro-ethylene-propylene. Melt adhesive film for the laminate is made of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral or thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive filler is carbon black. The metal film is aluminum film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aromatic vinyl conjugated diene block copolymer contains 30 %mass or more of styrene-isoprene diblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains lithium-nickel-containing complex oxide (LixNiyMzM11-(y+z)O2+d), where M is cobalt and manganese, M1 is aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese and zinc, x is 0.98-1.1, y is 0.3-1, z is 0-0.7, y+z is 0.9-1, and d is -0.01 to 0.01. Preferred Property: The water penetration rate of negative mix layer contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is 3-40 seconds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbonate having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate and/or divinylethylene carbonate. The sultone compound is 1,3-propane sultone and/or 1,4-butane sultone. The amount of additive is 1.5-5 wt.% with respect to total amount nonaqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains water-soluble polymer containing cellulose derivative or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The preparation of gel electrolyte involves forming porous gel by immersing glucomannan hydrogel in ethanol, replacing water in the glucomannan hydrogel by ethanol, drying the product in supercritical carbon dioxide by freeze-drying, and then impregnating prepared porous gel in an nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Unit: The photoelectric conversion unit has amorphous silicon layer and/or microcrystal silicon layer. The reinforcing film composition contains metal oxide fine particles or flat particles chosen from colloidal silica, fumed silica particles, silica particles, mica particles and smectite particles. The metal oxide fine particles or flat particles and barrier film composition contain gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, nickel, copper, tin, indium, zinc, iron, chromium, manganese, aluminum and/or their metal oxide (70 %mass or more). The thickness of transparent conductive film and back surface electrode layer is 0.03-5 mu m and 0.05-2 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: A barrier film is formed using composition containing organic polymer binder, inorganic-type binder and/or non-polymer type inorganic-type binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The base material layer has aggregation strength of 8 N/15 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic nanoparticles are nickel nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles are polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conducting oxide is selected from indium-tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide or aluminum oxide, and tin-antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from a group containing aluminum, copper, silver, nickel or calcium/aluminum alloy, magnesium/alloy, and aluminum/lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron donor is made of phthalo- cyanine, platinum - octa reel porphyrin lean i.e. platinum-octaethylporphyrin, poly 3- hexylthiophene, polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polies (1- methoxy-4-(0-disperse red 1)-2,5- phenylene - vinylene), polyindole, polycarbazole, poly pipe diazine, poly iso thianaphthalen, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, and polypyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanocrystals contain aluminum, copper, silver, nickel or its alloy, calcium/aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and/or aluminum/lithium alloy. The solar cell further has hole transport layer provided between electrode (20) and photoactive layer, and blocking layer provided between photoactive layer and electrode (40).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron receptor is fullerene or its derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer contains electron donor and electron receptor. The electron donor is chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine and/or its derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The radiation-sensitive liquid composition has viscosity of 50-300 cps. Preferred Process: The method further involves adhering double-sided tape on edge portion of base substrate and spacer. Preferred Composition: The double-sided tape contains acrylic foam. The adhesive resin contains 3-10C cycloalkyl carbonyl compound and hydrogen donor, and benzyl dimethyl ketal as photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copolymer of thiona biphthene, phenylphthalimide and composite film is 2-ethylhexyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic fiber is selected from zirconia fiber, titania fiber and marmag fiber, preferably zirconia fiber. The inorganic metal oxide is selected from nanoscale or micron-sized zirconia powder, titania powder, marmag powder and lanthanum element oxide powder, preferably titania powder. Preferred Property: The inorganic fiber has a diameter of nanoscale or micron-sized diameter, and fiber length of 2 to 51 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic fiber is selected from polyolefin and polyolefin core-skin fiber, where the skin is made of polyolefin and the core is made of polypropylene, polypropylene fine fiber. Preferred Property: The polypropylene fine fiber has a diameter of 3-15 mu m and length of 5-51 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The main circulation pipeline and heat energy collecting pipes are made of copper alloy or aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrifier is fuming nitric acid. The oxidant is concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the dehydrating agent is phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biomass material is prepared by mixing konjac glucomannan, a nitrifier, an oxidizer and a dehydrating agent into a reaction kettle. The mixture is stirred. The obtained solution is treated with distilled water to precipitate the konjac glucomannan. The obtained material is rinsed with distilled water, filtered and then dried. The konjac powder is purified with ethanol to form konjac glucomannan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive substrate is fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. Hollow transmission layer is nickel oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), molybdenum trioxide or chromium trioxide membrane layer. The organic active layer is a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer. The metal electrode is aluminum electrode. Chromium oxide, nickel oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) are also utilized during preparation of the battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The connecting element and the ring are made of steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is triazine-type ultraviolet absorber and/or benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type organic semiconductor layer contains carbon nanotube fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotube, or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The p- type organic semiconductor layer contains polyphenylene vinylene, its derivative, polythiophene, phthalocyanine, its derivative, porphyrin, pentacene, or rubrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive tape comprises (meth)acrylate as adhesive mass. The adhesive mass is a synthetic rubber or a solvent based, a solvent-free or a water based system. The adhesive mass comprises 0.5-30, preferably 5-15 wt.% of fillers; and 0.01-5, preferably 0.15-1.8% of a reactive crosslinker portion. The adhesive tape is a single- or double-sided, carrier based or strapless adhesive tape. The carrier based, double sided adhesive tape comprises a diffusion stable film, preferably polyester compound or an aluminum composite system. The carrier based, single-sided adhesive tape comprises a closed cell polyethylene foam, as a carrier material. Preferred Method: The adhesive tape is obtained using an actinic radiation, preferably UV radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat conducting plate is implemented as a stainless steel plate or an aluminum plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery Module: The conductive members are mounted on the side plates at an outer side of the casing to connect the battery cells. A front end section of the voltage detection conductor is connected to the conductive members, and another end section of the voltage detection conductor is provided with a current block device that blocks current from the battery cells. The voltage detection conductor is insert molded to the resin side plates in a state in which the voltage detection conductor is maintained in a predetermined shape with a resin material to be integrated with the side plates. Through-holes are formed on the side plates at positions corresponding to the battery cells, and the battery cells are mounted on the side plates with an adhesive member to seal the through-holes tightly. The battery module further comprises a metal cover member provided to cover an outside of the pair of side plates with respect to the casing, where the side plates comprise a contact prevention mechanism to prevent the cover member and the conductive members from contacting each other.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electrode layer is formed using aluminum and/or gallium-doped zinc oxide. The main component of photoelectric conversion layer is at least one type of compound semiconductor comprising group (IB) element, group (IIIB) element and/or group (VIB) element. The group (IB) element is chosen from copper and silver. The group (IIIB) element is chosen from aluminum, gallium and indium. The group (VIB) element is chosen from sulfur, selenium and tellurium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic insulating protection film is formed using vinyl copolymer with ethylene as comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The synthetic smectite is synthetic hectorite, synthetic saponite and/or synthetic stevensite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quaternary ammonium salt is lauryl trimethyl ammonium salt, stearyl trimethyl ammonium salt, trioctyl methyl ammonium salt, distearyl dimethyl ammonium salt, dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium salt, distearyl dibenzyl ammonium salt and/or N-polyoxyethylene-N-lauryl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium salt. Preferred Process: At least one portion of hydroxyl group which exits in the surface of the synthetic smectite is processed by surface modifying agent chosen from silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, glycidyl compound, isocyanate compound, carboxylic acid and/or alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The urethane (meth)acrylate is synthesized using polyol having polycarbonate structure, caprolactone modified polyol or caprolactone modified (meth)acrylate, or synthesized from polyol and/or hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate having carbonyl group-containing repeating unit of formula: -(C(=O)-(CH2)n-O)m-, or synthesized using hexamethylene diisocyanate and polyisocyanate chosen from hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and tris(6-isocyanate hexyl)isocyanurate.m=positive integer;andn=3-7.Preferred Composition: The resin component further contains reactive component (1-70 %mass) having ethylenically unsaturated group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The synthetic smectite is hectorite, saponite, and/or stevensite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Portion of hydroxyl group which exists in the surface of the synthetic smectite is processed by surface-modifying agent. Preferred Components: The quaternary ammonium salt is lauryl trimethylammonium salt, stearyl trimethylammonium salt, trioctyl methylammonium salt, distearyl dimethylammonium salt, distearyl dibenzylammonium salt and/or N-polyoxyethylene-N-lauryl-N,N-dimethylammonium salt. The surface-modifying agent is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, glycidyl compound, isocyanate compound, carboxylic acid and/or alcohol. The acid anhydride is phthalic anhydride, maleic acid anhydride, succinic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, dodecenyl phthalic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride and/or octenyl phthalic anhydride. The lactone-modified (meth)acrylate has carbonyl group-containing structure of formula: -(C(=O)-(CH2)n-O-)m- in the side chain.m=positive integer;andn=3-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains 1-70 %mass of reactive compound which has ethylenically unsaturated group. The epoxy resin is aromatic epoxy resin or epoxy resin having alicyclic structure, preferably bisphenol-A epoxy resin or hydrogenated bisphenol-A epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive glass phase contains vanadium and phosphorus as main components, and satisfies the relation: 2x ((V2O5)/(P2O5)) greater than or equal to ((Sb2O3)+(Fe2O3)+(MnO2)+(Bi2O3)) greater than or equal to 0. The metal particles contain silver, copper and/or aluminum. The electrode wiring comprises metal particles (90-99.7 vol.%) and electroconductive glass phase (0.3-10 vol.%). The metal particles comprise sphere-shaped particles and plate-shaped particles containing particle group (I) having volume fraction of 95% or less and particle size of 0.5-1.5 mu m, and particle group (II) having volume fraction of 95% or less and particle size of 1.5-8 mu m. The electroconductive glass particles in the electroconductive paste contain barium. Preferred Property: The electroconductive glass phase has glass transition temperature of 400-520 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitride semiconductor is gallium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic conductor is polythiophene-type conductor, polyaniline-type conductor, polyacetylene-type conductor, polyphenylene-type conductor or polypyrrole-type conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The measurement of the tension rupture elongation and the tension yield strength of the electrolyte green sheet are performed according to the plastic tension test method conforming to JISK7113 standards.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrolyte sheet is made of element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one portion of sodium ferrite contains ( beta )-sodium ferrite (( beta )-NaFeO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The layers have a thickness of 50 nm to 1 mu m. The amorphous carbon layer has a film density of 1.8 g/cc or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polypropylene resin with melt flow rate (230 degrees C, 2.16 kg) of 15-50 g/10 minutes contains 0.05-0.5 mass% of ( beta ) crystalline nucleus agents. The content of copolymerized polyethylene resins with melting point of 60-90 degrees C with respect to 100 mass% of whole polypropylene resin is 1-10 mass%. Preferred Parameter: The mixed polypropylene resin has melt flow rate (230 degrees C, 2.16 kg) of 0.5-5 g/10 minutes. The porous polypropylene film has porosity of 60-80% and average through-hole diameter of 40-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode active substance is piperidine aqueous solution or obtained via dissolving piperidine into acid solution (1-6 M/L of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid). The concentration of piperidine of piperidine aqueous solution or piperidine acid solution is 0.5-10 M/L. The carbon material is nanometer carbon tube, carbon black, carbon nanorod, or carbon nanowire. The anode of the cell (C1) is prepared by mixing polypyrrole modification carbon noble metal or polypyrrole modification carbon noble metal alloy catalyst, water, perfluorinated sulfonic resin (5 wt.%), absolute ethyl alcohol at mass ratio of 1:3:2-7:3-6 to prepare slurry, coating on carbon paper or carbon cloth via hydrophobic treatment, and naturally drying. The preparation of anode the cell (C1) includes mixing polypyrrole modification carbon noble metal or polypyrrole modification carbon noble metal alloy catalyst, water perfluorinated sulfonic resin (5 wt.%), absolute ethyl alcohol at mass ratio of 1:3:2-7:3-6 to prepare slurry, coating on carbon paper or carbon cloth via hydrophilic treatment, and naturally drying. Preferred Material: The cell (C1) comprises noble metal or noble metal alloy of formula AB'x as anode catalyst or cathode catalyst; and polypyrrole modification carbon material as carrier of anode catalyst or cathode catalyst.A=Pt, Pd, Au, Os or Ag;B'=Pt, Pd, Au, Os, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mo, Sn or Cu; andx=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: The ink composition is coated to the electrode (e1) by slit coat method, capillary coat method, gravure coat method, micro gravure coat method, bar coat method, knife coat method, nozzle coat method, inkjet coat method or spin coat method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The thiazole-containing structural unit (I) is of formula (II)-(VII). The compound (b) is electron-accepting compound having work function of 3 eV or more, or electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene or its derivative. The solvent is optionally substituted aromatic compound, optionally substituted linear alkane, optionally substituted branched alkane, optionally substituted cycloalkane, linear alcohol, branched alcohol and/or alicyclic alcohol.X=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R10)- or -CR11=CR12-;R10-R12,R,R1,R20-R24=H or substituent;or R1+R1=cyclic structure;Y'=nitrogen or =CH-;Z=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R20)-, -Si(R21R22)-or -C(R23R24)-;andor R21+R22 or R23+R24=cyclic structure.Preferred Property: The solvent has surface tension of 15-100 mN/m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compound (a) further has a structural unit which is different from the thiazole-containing structural unit (I). The compound (a) is high-molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: In the solid state dye sensitized solar cell (C1), the ionic liquid comprises phosphonium based ionic liquid. The ionic liquid provides electrolyte for operation of the solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The microfluidic device (M1) comprises at least one channel through which a fluid travel, passage through the channel is operably controlled by a microvalve (M1). The photo responsive ionogel is disposed within the channel. Preferred System: The system (S1) provided as a transdermal patch. The fluid delivery system (S2) is configured such that selective actuation of individual ones of the microvalves provides for a control of the flow of liquid within the system. The microvalve comprises an ionogel coated on a capillary. The fluid delivery system (S2) is configured such that controlled actuation of individual ones of the microvalves provided a peristaltic fluid flow through the system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Ionogel: The ionogel (P1) comprises phosphonium based ionic liquid. The poly(N-isopropylacrlamide) (pNIPAAM) is polymerized with N,N-methylene-bis(acrylamide) and acrylated benzospiropyran. The three polymer components are polymerized in presence of the ionic liquid using photo-initiator DMPA. The ionogel (P1) is fabricated from photoresponsive polymer which operably on exposure to light undergoes dehydration so as to effect a shrinking of the physical dimensions of the ionogel. Preferred Components: The ionic liquid matrix comprises (P(6,6,6,14))(dca). The polymer comprises poly(N-isopropylacrlamide) (pNIPAAM). The photo-responsive polymer comprises first, second and third polymer components of formula (I), (where X:Y:Z=1:99:5). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-electroconductive paste further contains polyfunctional epoxy compound having functionality of 3 or more. The polyfunctional epoxy compound is of formula (II).R2=R1.The hardening agent is 10C or more acid anhydride, preferably succinic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The composite material has stability in a salt spray test according to DIN 50021. The hydrophobe surface of the corrosion protection layer comprises a contact angle with water measured according to DIN 55660. The friction-resistant surface of the corrosion protection layer includes the smear resistance value measured according to DIN international organization for standardization (ISO) 9211-4. The solar absorption factor is determined according to EN 12989.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The light-condensing plates are made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the he organic composite coating for impeller, the rubber middle layer (3) comprises 70-80% of polyurethane synthetic rubber, 10-20% of curing agent, and 5-10% of mineral powder; the assistant surface layer (1) comprises 10-30% of epoxy resin or polyurethane rubber liquid, 20-30% of semiconductive powder, 30-40% of conductive powder, and 10-20% of inflaming retarding powder; the rubber middle layer (3) utilizes different weight ratios to prepare three transition layers to be coated on the epoxy resin bottom layer (4); and the total thickness of the rubber middle layer (3) is 0.2-0.4 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-watertight adhesive layer containing catalyst is formed by thermally pressing the gauze coated with mixture of manganese powder, active carbon and polyurethane adhesive. The fixing lead screw is made of hard plastic material, nylon, bakelite, resin material and laminated fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sulfonated polyether ether ketone film with respect to ionic liquid is 1:60-260.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Particles: The ceramic nanoparticles contain titania, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium trioxide, indium oxide, cupric oxide, and/or silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is deionized water, ethanol and/or acetone. The binder is Triton X-100 (RTM: nonionic surfactant), polyethylene glycol, and/or ethyl cellulose. The dispersant is acetylacetone, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and/or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The dye solution is titanium tetrachloride solution with a concentration of 0.1-1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate material is transparent conductive glass, metal substrate, carbon material substrate, polyethylene, polystyrene, or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing rubber layer of the hollow glass structure is made of material selected from the group consisting of poly-isobutene, poly-sulfide, silicone or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The functional group is chosen from carboxylic acid group, aldehyde group, amino group, thiol group, amide group, phosphoric acid group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxyl group, succinimidyl group, maleimide group or alkyl group. Preferred Monomer: The monomer having functional group is chosen from hydroxy ethylacrylate, hydroxy methacrylate, hydroxy acrylate, hydroxy methacryl amide, hydroxy acrylamide, polyoxyethylene acrylate, vinyl phenol, poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) and their mixture. The amount of monomer having functional group is 10-40 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of fluorinated polymer. The monomer (M) is of formula: P'-Q-R or X-Y'.Q=imidazole group;P',R,X=-COOH, -SH, epoxy, -COH, -NCO, -NCS, -COR, or -CON3;R=1-6C alkyl;andY'=imidazole and tetrazole or triazole.The amount of monomer (M) is 10-30 parts weight. The composition further contains phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The fluorinated polymer is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polychloro trifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly-1,2-difluoroethylene and their mixture. The amount of fluorinated polymer is 30-70 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The arm plate is made of synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor junction is a positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) junction in which an amorphous silicon layer of other conductivity type is on a surface of a single crystalline silicon substrate of one conductivity type with an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer interposed in between. The suppression layer is an amorphous silicon layer of one conductivity type on an opposite surface of the single crystalline silicon substrate of one conductivity type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Photovoltaic Cell Structure: The n-type semiconductor layer has a thickness of 1-1000 nanometers and comprises metal oxide selected from titanium oxide, tungsten oxide or a semiconductor has the photo catalyst characteristic. The high resistivity layer is stacked between and is in contact with the metal layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, or between the n-type semiconductor layer and the transparent conductive layer. The high resistivity layer also comprises metal oxide selected from vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, indium tin oxide, strontium oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, or its alloys. The high resistivity layer comprises insulation material capable of inducing capacitive effect, where the insulation material is silicon or aluminum oxide. It also comprises a metal nitride and has a thickness of 25-2000 angstroms. The transparent conductive layer is selected from indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum gallium zinc oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc oxide, or zirconium dioxide. The metal layer comprises molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, or tungsten. The substrate is a glass substrate, a polyimide flexible substrate, or a metal plate or a metal foil of stainless steel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, or aluminum. The n-type semiconductor layer exhibits increased carrier mobility when illuminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thin film solar cell material is silicon. The highly reflective metallic layer comprises silver, silver-alloy and/or aluminum. One of the electrically conductive textured layer is zinc oxide or indium oxide or their alloys. The protective alloy coating comprises nickel, nickel-boron, nickel-phosphorus, nickel-zinc, nickel-cobalt, nickel-zinc-cobalt, nickel-cobalt-boron, nickel-poly-aniline, nickel-poly-acryl-amide, and/or nickel-poly-pyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The free salt is a lithium salt (0.1-1, preferably 0.1-0.5 M). The liquid electrolyte comprises carbonate solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is propylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is formed by crosslinking one or more polymer matrix precursors, where at least one of polymer matrix precursors is crosslinkable ionic monomer. The crosslinkable ionic monomer is ionic lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) surfactant. The polymer matrix is at least in part covalently crosslinked. The liquid electrolyte comprises 5 polymer electrolyte (5-75, preferably 50 wt.%). The crosslinkable ionic monomer is of formula (I), (II), (III) or preferably (IV).n=6-14;L=organic diradical linker;Z=Li-salt-containing ionic headgroup comprising SO3- or PO3-2 anions, preferably benzene sulfonate derivative; andPG=chain-addition polymerizable, preferably activated olefin.Preferred Composition: The electrolyte (E1) comprises one or more LLC phases, preferably Q11-LLC phase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises elongate carbon elements (2-10 vol.% dried). The composition further comprises at least one selected from high shear thickeners, low shear thickeners, and dispersion additives. The composition is a liquid formulation and optionally comprises a solvent. The composition is in the form of a dried coating. Preferred Components: The average longest dimension is 100-300 (preferably 100-150) microns. The elongate carbon elements are cylindrical and have a diameter of 5-10 microns. The elongate carbon elements have an average thickness to average longest dimension ratio of 1:10-1:25. The binder is selected from an acrylate, an epoxy binder, an acrylic, a urethane and epoxy-modified acrylic, a polyurethane, an alkyl, a modified alkyl, or a fluoropolymer. The binder is a water based dispersion of acrylic, or polyurethane based latex. The dried coating comprises at least one sub-layer, each of which has been separately applied in an orthogonal direction to the preceding layer. In the radar absorbing surface, structure or body, the thickness of the coating is one quarter of the wavelength ( lambda /4) of the resonant frequency of the incident radiation to be absorbed. In the radar absorbing surface, structure or body, there is provided an electromagnetic reflective backplane between the surface, structure or body and the dried coating. The composition is applied to a surface, structure or body or its portions at a selected thickness so as to provide a coating capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation at a selected frequency. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The core component is formed using transparent resin or optical glass. The configuration component has a porous semiconductor layer (14) containing pigment, an electrolyte solution layer (18) and electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-insoluble fatty acid is water-insoluble fatty-acid salt generated when the fatty acid contained in the crude glycerin or the fatty-acid mixture is coupled with a cation. The cation is metal ion of bivalence or trivalence. Preferred Process: The water-insoluble fatty-acid material is purified by isolating a portion or all of water and soluble constituent from the suspension liquid containing dispersed water-insoluble fatty acid using high-voltage dispersion apparatus, after refining process and/or high dispersion process. The particles of the water-insoluble fatty-acid material are coated with a film material. The fuel is mixed with other material, solidified and pressurized into predetermined size and shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film material comprises ether derivative of cellulose, or organic acid ester derivative of cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic oxide particles contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: A vapor deposition layer consisting of inorganic oxide is provided on at least one surface of base film. The photovoltaic cell has flexible substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of (meth)acrylate unit having glycidyl group is 6-20 %mass. The olefin polymer further contains alkyl (meth)acrylate unit (5-40 %mass). The olefin polymer is ternary polymer having an ethylene unit, (meth)acrylate unit having glycidyl group, and an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit. The sealing material contains polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is chosen from titanium dioxide, surface-treated titanium dioxide, silica and surface-treated silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The back surface protection sheet has fluororesin layer formed in one surface of base material sheet and adhesive layer formed in the other surface of base material sheet. The undried coating film is dried at temperature less than the boiling point of solvent contained in coating liquid. The fluororesin layer has arithmetic mean deviation (Ra) of 1 mu m or more measured based on JIS B0601-1994.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel in the fuel side electrode is 50 mol% or less with respect to the total content of cobalt and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel is hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has plane orientation coefficient of 0.165 or more, thermal contraction rate of less than 0.6% measured at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes along machine direction and transverse direction, average reflectance of 80% or more at wavelength of 400-700 nm, intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-1.2 dl/g, phosphorus atom content of 200 ppm or more measured by fluorescence X-ray measurement, carboxyl end group concentration of preferably 12 equivalent/ton or less, and fine endothermic peak temperature of preferably 205 degrees C or less. The polyester film has average elongation retention of 50% or more measured after maintaining at 125 degrees C and 100% humidity for 48 hours, and average elongation retention of 10% or more measured after maintaining at 125 degrees C and 100% humidity for 72 hours. The fine endothermic peak temperature (T) and plane orientation coefficient (B) satisfy relation given by: B greater than or equal to 0.000886x T-0.00286.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The azacrown ether is 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane or 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of azacrown ether is 0.01-2 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The persistence (R, in %) of aromatic ring of hydrogenated rosin ester which is calculated by the following relation: (H-peak area of aromatic ring/total H-peak area of aromatic ring)x 100, is less than 10%, preferably less than 1%, where H-peak area is total H-peak area of aromatic ring obtained by carrying out proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral measurement of hydrogenated rosin ester in heavy chloroform of 6-8 ppm, and total H-peak is total of H-peak area originating in hydrogen group. Preferred Composition: The sealing-material sheet contains (in parts weight) hydrogenated rosin ester (1-200) with respect to ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (100). The hydrogenated rosin ester has softening point of 60-150 degrees C and weight average molecular weight of 600-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous solvent comprises carbonic ester solvent, carboxylic ester solvent, ether solvent and sulfone solvent. The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium orthoarsenate fluoride, double oxalate lithium borate, difluoro oxalate lithium borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, trifluoride thionylamines lithium imide and lithium trifluoride thionyl carbonyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises film additive (0.5-8%), anti-overfill additive (0-10%), flame-retardant additive (0-15%), surface active agent (0.01-0.5%), and electrolyte stabilizing agent (0.05-0.5%). The polymer comprises methyl methacrylate polymer, acrylonitrile polymer, fluoride propylene polymer, tetrafluoroethylene polymer, vinyl acetate polymer, oxirane polymer, carboxylic acid cellulose, vinyl cyanide ketopyrrolidine and other copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The battery is tubular or flat; and the battery structure is anode-supported type or electrolyte-supported type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide-ion conductor is cerium oxide based conductor, zirconium oxide based conductor, lanthanum gallium based perovskite type oxide, or lanthanum aluminum perovskite type oxide. The proton conductor oxide is strontium cerium oxide (SrCeO3) based composite, strontium zirconium oxide (SrZrO3) based composite, barium cerium oxide (BaCeO3) based composite, BaZrO3 based composite, calcium zirconium oxide (CaZrO3) based composite, barium thorium oxide (BaThO3) based composite, or barium terbium oxide (BaTbO3) based composite. In the mixture of proton conductor oxide and oxide-ion conductor, the amount of oxide-ion conductor is 0-50 mass%. The metal of the anode is transition metal oxide or transition metal oxide doped with 0-50 mass% lanthanum metal oxide. The anode material is a mixture of metal oxide and ceramic material at 40-90%:10-60% ratio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethanol, acetone, butanone, isopropanol, glycol, glycerol, toluene, or dimethylbenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic material is polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, active carbon, graphite, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer further contains polymer of methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or cyclohexyl maleimide, and pigment or filler. The resin layer is polyester type resin layer. The back sheet further contains ethylene-vinyl acetate layer as insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further has a bivalent aromatic group-containing structure different from the repeating unit (I). The bivalent aromatic group-containing structure is formed by removing two hydrogen groups from aromatic condensed ring formed by condensing two or more aromatic rings chosen from aromatic 7-membered ring, aromatic 6-membered ring and aromatic 5-membered ring. The number of atoms in aromatic condensed ring existing between two bonded atoms in short distance is 3 or 4 including bonded atom. The bivalent aromatic group-containing structure is of formulae (II)-(IV). The high molecular compound has weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more.X1-X4=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R10)- or -CR11=CR12-;R10-R12,R1-R6=H or substituent;R1+R2,R3+R4=cyclic structure;andY1-Y4=nitrogen atom or =CH-.Preferred Method: The coating method is slit coat method, capillary coat method, gravure coat method, micro gravure coat method, bar coat method, knife coat method, nozzle coat method, inkjet coat method or spin coat method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode active material is at 95, preferably 98 wt.%. The cathode active material is at 95, preferably 98 wt.%. The anode active material is lithium cobalt oxide; and the cathode active material is carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotube is at 1, preferably 0.4 wt.%. The another carbon nanotube is at 0.6, preferably 0.4 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive is at 4, preferably 1.6 wt.%. The another adhesive is at 4.4, preferably 1.6 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The RFID is covered by a room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The system includes a base layer made of bitumen material, modified bitumen material, asphalt and coal tar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light-incident side electrode layer is made of a material selected from aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is made of Eigen complex H9O4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - The fabric covers are made of group consisting of carbon fiber, polyester fabric, and Kevlar (RTM: para-aramid synthetic fiber).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The laminated sheet has a water vapor barrier layer between the resin layers. The water vapor barrier layer consists of vapor deposition film containing metal and/or metal oxide on the surface. The laminated sheet has thickness of 30-600 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The absorption rate of resin layer (11) with respect to light is 60% or more, when light having wavelength of 400-700 nm is emitted to surface of resin layer (11). The reflectance rate of resin layer (11) with respect to light is 50% or more, when light having wavelength of 800-1400 nm is emitted to surface of resin layer (11). The dimensional change rate of laminated sheet when maintained at 135 degrees C for 30 minutes is plus minus 1% or less. Preferred Resin: The aromatic vinyl-type resin consists of (co)polymer of vinylic monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound, and/or rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin obtained by polymerizing monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of rubbery polymer. The thermoplastic resin of resin layer (11) contains structural unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound and structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound. The amount of structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound with respect to total of 100 %mass of structural units is 10-50 %mass. The thermoplastic resin of resin layer (12) is saturated polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer-containing film based on polyvinyl acetal comprises more than 10 parts per million of metal ions from alkaline earth metals, zinc or aluminum and exhibits less than 150 parts per million of alkali metal ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polyvinyl acetal is prepared by acid-catalyzed acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol in a 4 wt.% of aqueous solution which exhibits an absorbance at 280 nm of less than 0.5. Preferred Components: The film based on polyvinyl acetal is preferably free of UV absorbers. The film based on polyvinyl acetate comprises 0.001-5 wt.% of non-aromatic light stabilizers. The non-aromatic light stabilizer is sterically hindered amine or sterically hindered amino-ether. The plasticizer containing film based on polyvinyl acetal is in the ambient atmosphere of 85% relative frequency/23 degrees C and exhibits an electrical contact resistance of less than 1E11 ohm-cm. EXAMPLE - Typical photovoltaic module comprised of laminate made of polyvinyl butyral with polyvinyl alcohol content (76), polyvinyl alcohol content in polyvinyl butyral (20), UV-absorption polyvinyl acetate and plasticizer 3G8 (triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate) (24), which exhibited a light transmission according to EN410 of 90.5, UV transmission degree (280-380 nm) of 71.90, irradiation test of 4 % and contact resistance of 3.0E+11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The front surface electrode is made of aluminum doped zinc oxide or fluorine doped tin oxide. The photovoltaic layer of the structure is made of cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide or copper indium gallium diselenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate is formed from a material selected from a group including polyimide, polyamide, polyimidoamide, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether imide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyether sulfone (PES).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flowable sealant comprises silicone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cord plate comprises polycarbonate and the flowable sealant comprises polysulfide, butyl polymer, or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic salt having complexing action with ammonia water or separated out in alkali state is ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, ferric chloride, and/or zinc chloride. The acidic catalyst with inflaming retarding function is phosphoric acid, boric acid, and/or boron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The fiber biomass is bamboo, Caragana microphylla, Salix mongolica, or microcrystalline cellulose. The liquid product is furfural and levoglucosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The substrate comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The absorber layer comprises cadmium telluride, cadmium zinc telluride, cadmium sulfur oxide, cadmium manganese telluride, or cadmium magnesium telluride. The front contact layer comprises cadmium tin oxide, zinc tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The window layer comprises cadmium sulfide, zinc telluride, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfur oxide, or copper oxide. The back contact layer comprises mercury telluride, zinc telluride, cadmium mercury telluride, arsenic telluride, antimony telluride, or copper telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The substrate comprises a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The bearing surface is implemented in an interface between a glass surface and a flexible polymeric surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bearing surface is implemented in an interface between a glass surface and a flexible polymeric surface. The polymeric surface is implemented using a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer impregnated into a fabric carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The fluorine resin layer contains titanium dioxide. Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer laminated on base-material sheet is formed into a film by reactive sputtering method in the presence of inert gas atmosphere containing nitrogen gas and oxygen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Plastic reinforcing components are arranged between the casing top cover and casing and between the casing bottom cover and casing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal of electrode layer (101) is chosen from aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper and titanium. Preferred Property: The distance between adjoining opening portions is 10-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biodiesel stream containing impurities is produced from at least one of tallows, palm and palm oil blends, soy, canola, rapeseed, Camelina, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, algae oils, yellow grease or poultry fats. The method further comprises: filtering the retained biodiesel stream, where filtering the retained biodiesel stream comprises removing 95% of particles having a particle size of greater than 1 micron; and filtering the treated biodiesel stream, where filtering the treated biodiesel stream comprises heating the treated biodiesel stream to 70-120 degrees F and filtering to remove particles having a particle size of greater than 1 micron. Preferred Components: The biodiesel stream containing impurities comprises total glycerin (less than 0.24 wt.%) as determined by ASTM D6584. The biodiesel stream containing impurities comprises sterol glucosides, monoglycerides, water, soap and metals. The ion exchange resin is a solid acid catalyst capable of binding hydroxyl groups. The treated biodiesel stream comprises monoglycerides (less than 0.4 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fence slat is constructed of plastic, vinyl, PVC, synthetic material, man-made material or natural material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin comprises a composite material including polyolefin; and either metal particles or ceramic particles, or a phase change material in a form of microparticles or microcapsules which absorbs heat by a phase change.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Sheet: The laminated sheet has a water vapor barrier layer between the resin layers. The water vapor barrier layer consists of vapor deposition film containing metal and/or metal oxide on the surface. The laminated sheet has thickness of 30-600 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: At least one resin layer (11,12) is white-colored resin layer. The dimensional change rate of laminated sheet when maintained at 135 degrees C for 30 minutes is plus minus 1% or less. Preferred Resin: The aromatic vinyl-type resin consists of (co)polymer of vinylic monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound, and/or rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin obtained by polymerizing monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of rubbery polymer. The thermoplastic resin of resin layer (11) contains structural unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound and structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound. The amount of structural unit derived from maleimide-type compound with respect to total of 100 %mass of structural units is 10-50 %mass. The thermoplastic resin of resin layer (12) is saturated polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium dioxide particles is 10-60 wt.%. Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide particles have particle size of 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium organic compound is 1-10 wt.%. The titanium organic compound is titanium alkoxide, titanium glycolate, or titanium chelate. The alcohol contains linear primary 1-30C alkyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin is polyvinyl acetal resin, or ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive compound particles comprise powder of chromium boride (Cr2B, CrB2), vanadium boride, tantalum boride, tungsten boride, chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, vanadium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, chromium nitride, vanadium nitride or tantalum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The organic or organic-inorganic mixed layer has structure chosen from acryl structure, urethane structure, ester structure and silica matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilization component is hindered amine light stabilizer as optical stabilizer and/or benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent soft resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene- alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, or ethylene- alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylic acid-alkyl-ester copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilization component is optical stabilizer and/or ultraviolet absorber. The optical stabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizer. The ultraviolet absorber is benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The heat-ray shielding filler is metal oxide-coated synthetic silica and/or metal oxide electroconductive fine particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alpha -olefin is chosen from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene and 1-decene. The ethylenic unsaturated silane compound is alkoxysilane having vinyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves heat processing the film at temperature less than boiling point of organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base-material sheet is resin sheet. The protective sheet further has heat bondable sheet laminated to the other surface of the base material. Preferred Properties: The maximum value of dynamic friction coefficient of the near surface of fluorine-containing resin coating layer, and surface of other side is 6 or less. The difference of maximum value and minimum value of dynamic friction coefficient is 0.8 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is isocyanate compound. The ratio of number of isocyanate groups with respect to number of hydroxyl groups of coating material is 0.5-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing resin contains hydroxyl group. The ratio of insoluble resin component with respect to good solvent of crosslinked material of fluorine-containing resin coating layer is 97% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The composite tungsten oxide is complex oxide hexagonal crystal of formula: M'aWbO3, where M' is alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or element of group 3B, and a/b is 0.25-0.5. Preferred Process: The aerosol deposition of the raw material powder is carried out in inert gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, argon or helium. The transparent conductive film is heat-processed in the reducing-gas atmosphere containing hydrogen or ammonia, after deposition process. Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive film has visible light transmittance of 10% or more and specific resistance is 5.0x 10-3 ohm-cm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent base material is chosen from inorganic glass, resin film or resin board and/or laminated component. The resin film or resin board contains polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polystyrene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin and/or polyvinyl butyral resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polyacrylonitrile solution is obtained by dissolving polyacrylonitrile in polar solvent which is N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, or dimethylsulfoxide. Spinning is accomplished by electrospinning or solution spinning method. Thermal oxidation is performed at 200-300 degrees C. After thermal oxidation, the nanofibers are dipped in phenolic resin. Carbonizing is performed in microwave or high-temperature furnace. Preferred Properties: The carbon nanofibers have diameter of 100-800 nm, average fiber diameter of 200-600 nm, and basis weight of 20-50 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The attachment part contains a substance comprising metal, glass and/or polymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers contain polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polybutylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyamide, polyester, polyketone, polyetheretherketone, polymethyl-methacrylate and/or their copolymers. The moisture-reactive hot melt adhesive contains at least a polymer comprising polyurethane-prepolymers (preferred), polyesters, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides and/or their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The probe molecule is an aromatic compound having 4 or more aromatic rings, and preferably perylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Electrolyte: The electrolyte is a polymer having sulfone group as acidic radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The steel further contains titanium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, tungsten or zirconium (0.05-0.5). The steel preferably contains carbon (0.04 or less) and manganese (0.8-2.5), and sum of rare-earth elements, yttrium and calcium of 0.005-0.1 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer has a separator containing a resin (c). The maximum component of resin (a), maximum component of resin (b) and maximum component of resin (c) are same polymeric material. The polymeric material is a thermoplastic polymeric material having melting point of 100-400 degrees C. The polymeric material contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether nitrile and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The copper alloy further contains 0.03-2 weight% of zinc, tin, nickel, magnesium, cobalt, manganese, chromium, zirconium, titanium, silicon and/or silver. Preferred Properties: The precipitate of copper alloy has diameter of 1-50 nm size and density of 100/ mu m2 or more. The thickness of oxide film of the resin junction portion is 4-300 nm. The average grain size on the surface of copper alloy is 30 mu m or less, and tensile strength of copper alloy is 300 MPa or more. The copper-alloy collector consists of copper-alloy board having thickness of 0.1 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The transition metal is ruthenium or iron. Preferred Property: The transition metal is in the form of microparticles with particle size of 1 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The glass pulp is obtained by mixing glass powder and ethyl cellulose, adding the mixture into terpineol, stirring at 50-100 degrees C and ball-milling for 3-5 hours. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of glass powder and terpineol is 2:1. The content of ethyl cellulose is 3-5 %mass with respect to total mass of glass powder and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate. The weather-resistant layer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride. The bonding layers are polyurethane glue bonding layers. The adhesive layer is a hot-melt adhesive layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of substrate, weather-resistant layer, electrical insulation layer and adhesive layer is 10-20 microns, 10-30 microns, 50-300 microns, and 50-100 microns, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The parabolic trough collector can be formed out of a molding material including thermoplastic or thermosetting material, which can be based on polymer or elastomer or fiber-reinforced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material is carbonaceous material which can occlude-discharge lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The color pigment is a black pigment. The plasticizer is polyester plasticizer, epoxy-type plasticizer, and/or phthalate ester plasticizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resins: The resin is an acrylic polyol type-resin. The resin layer contains aliphatic type polyisocyanate resin, alicyclic type polyisocyanate resin, and/or aromatic-aliphatic type polyisocyanate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material of the cathode consists of aluminum with transition metal oxides such as lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) or lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) pr phosphate such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium nickel phosphate (LiNiPO4) and lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4) and silicates, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, nitrides, amides, imides and carbides of the element of I, II, III or IV main groups. The material of the anode consists of aluminum or copper or nickel with lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) or silicates, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, nitrides, amides, imides and carbides of the element of I, II, III or IV main groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adhesive is mono-titanate and composite titanate containing compound selected from butyl titanate, isobutyl titanate, propyl titanate or isopropyl titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The thermal insulation material is made of glass wool.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The methane chamber is made of steel or thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The methane chamber is made of plastic. The thermal insulation material is made of polyurethane or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of epoxy ethane and PAN is 1:5 to 1:0.2. In the mixed solution of acetonitrile and DMF, the volume ratio of acetonitrile and DMF is 6:1 to 2:1. In the mixture the iodine and the potassium iodide, the mole ratio of the iodine and the potassium iodide is 1:8-1:12; the concentration of the iodine in the polymer system is 0.04-0.06 mol/L; and the concentration the potassium iodide in the polymer system is 0.3-0.7 mol/L. Preferred Parameters: The radiation energy density of the electronic radiation is 1020 to 1021 eV/cm2. The ion conduction ratio is 0.01-0.1 s/cm. Preferred Process: The process for using the electronic radiation modified polymer electrolyte in the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) solar cell comprises coating the polymer electrolyte modified by electronic radiation on the manufactured nc-Si electrode surface; pressing the counter electrode; and encapsulating it.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multi-hole parent metal is carbon paper, carbon cloth, or multi-hole metal net. The fluorine polymer latex is polyfluortetraethylene latex, polyvinylidene fluoride latex, or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon latex. The carbon soot is multi-hole conducting carbon soot, acetylene black powder, carbon nanotube, or active carbon micro powder. The solvent with 80-140 degrees C boiling point is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, propyl alcohol, toluene, or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide precursor has weight average molecular weight of 15000-200000. The polyimide resin film has thickness of 1-20 mu m, glass transition temperature of 300 degrees C or more and thermal expansion coefficient of 100-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor layer is a porous titania layer. The dye is ruthenium metal complex dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte layer comprises liquid or solid electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte contains ambient temperature molten salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The cyclic nitroxyl radical compound (I) is a nitroxyl radical-containing polymer of formula (III) or nitroxyl radical-containing copolymer of formula (IV).R5,R11=oxygen or carbonyloxy;R6,R12=R1;andn=10-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester of resin composition is polyethylene terephthalate. The acid increase amount of composition before and after performing wet-heat treatment for 4 hours at 155 degrees C under saturated steam, is less than 90 equivalent/ton. The composition contains alkali metal (1.3-6 mol/ton), phosphorus (1.8-7.5 mol/ton), nitrogen element (less than 100 ppm), and acid terminal group (less than 20 equivalent/ton). The polyester resin composition contains metallic compound which includes element chosen from sodium, lithium, or potassium, metallic compound which includes element chosen from magnesium, calcium, manganese or cobalt, or metallic compound which includes element chosen from antimony, titanium or germanium. The content of metallic element with respect to total content of polyester resin composition is 30-500 ppm. The content of phosphorus compound with respect to total content of resin composition is 30-150 ppm. The polyester resin composition contains 0.01-1 mol% of polyvalent carboxylic acid component having functionality of 3 or more, polyhydric alcohol component having functionality of 3 or more, or polyvalent hydroxycarboxylic acid component having functionality of 3 or more, with respect to total acid component. The phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid alkali metal salt are added as alkylene glycol mixed solution whose pH is 2-6. The alkali metal of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is sodium or potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The vapor deposition film or base film is laminated and integrated on composite base material through an adhesive agent (2). The adhesive agent contains plate-shaped inorganic particles. A sealing layer is laminated and integrated on the surface of protection sheet. The sealing layer contains (in parts weight) modified polyolefin-type resin (100) and silane compound (0.001-20) of formula: R1Si(OR2)3.R1=non-hydrolyzable and polymerizable functional group;andR2=1-5C alkyl.The modified polyolefin-type resin is obtained by graft modification using unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride, and has melting point of 120-170 degrees C measured according to JIS K7121. The modified polyolefin-type resin is modified polypropylene-type resin. The modified polyolefin-type resin is obtained by graft modifying ethylene-propylene random copolymer having ethylene content of 1-10 wt.% with unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride (0.01-20 wt.%) or graft modifying propylene-butene-ethylene ternary polymer with unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride. A heat buffer layer consisting of polyolefin-type resin having melting point of 160 degrees C or more and bending elastic modulus of 500-1500 MPa is interposed between the protection sheet and sealing layer. The protection sheet further has a polyvinyl fluoride film layer or fluorine-type coating layer as outer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The steel further contains 1 %mass or less of titanium and/or zirconium, and has electroconductive substance, preferably iron-niobium Laves phase on its surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid medium is chosen from water, aliphatic mono-alcohol, aliphatic di-alcohol and hydrocarbon. The aliphatic mono-alcohol is chosen from ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol and hexane alcohol. The aliphatic di-alcohol is chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The hydrocarbon is chosen from paraffin, benzene, xylene and chlorobenzene. The particles are carbonized material of biomass which has microporous perforation. The biomass is bagasse. Preferred Properties: The particles have diameter of 3 mm or less. The light absorbing material has a substance having phase transition temperature of 50-120 degrees C in the medium. The substance exists in the medium in a state without directly-contacting with medium. The thickness of heat absorption and thermal storage material layer from which light with wavelength of 550 nm permeates, is 10% or less. The solar heat is absorbed and thermally stored by the heat absorption/thermal structure. The solar absorber circulates between external apparatus through solar absorption and light control material. The solar absorption and light control material further has a detection unit which detects the condition of external air, adjustment unit to adjust the light absorbency of solar absorber based on the condition of external air, and conversion unit. The conditions of external air are illumination intensity and/or temperature. The conversion unit converts the solar heat which is absorbed by solar absorber into warm water and warm air, or cold water and cold air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gelatinization fuel contains methanol and xanthan gum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The foam sheet is ethylene propylene diene copolymer rubber foam sheet, polyurethane-type resin foam sheet or polyethylene-type resin foam sheet. Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains butyl rubber adhesive or acrylic adhesive. The adhesive layer contains base material. The adhesive layer is segmented into primary adhesive layer portion and secondary adhesive layer portion. The base material is interposed between primary adhesive layer portion and secondary adhesive layer portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The methacrylate compound or acrylate compound is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, and/or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The fluorine-containing coating layer contains a low-refractive-index thin-film composition containing a fluorine-containing polymer obtained by dispersing or dissolving methacrylate compound and/or acrylate compound having 1-10C fluoroalkyl group, and acrylic acid derivative or methacrylic acid derivative having 1-5 acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups which does not contain fluorine in an organic solvent, and a photoinitiator, or fluorine-containing coating layer contains low-refractive-index thin-film composition comprising fluorine-containing polymer obtained by dispersing or dissolving acrylic acid derivative and/or methacrylic acid derivative having 1-5 acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups which do not contain fluorine in organic solvent, and photoinitiator, or fluorine-containing coating layer contains low-refractive-index thin-film composition containing methacrylate compound or acrylate compound having 1-10C fluoroalkyl group, acrylic acid derivative or methacrylic acid derivative having 1-5 acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups which do not contain fluorine, and photoinitiator. The fluorine-containing coating layer further contains fumed silica. Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing polymer is copolymer of fluorine-containing polymer having cyclic structure of formula (I), (II) or (III), and tetrafluoroethylene (in mole parts) (10-50), hexafluoropropylene (0-50), vinylidene fluoride (90-10) and vinyl fluoride (10-100), or fluorine-containing polymer is polymer comprising methacrylate compound and/or acrylate compound having 1-10C fluoroalkyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.02-25 %mass of metal nanoparticles (B) containing alloy composition including gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, nickel, copper, tin, indium, zinc, iron, chromium and/or manganese. The base material used during formation of electrode is substrate including silicone, glass, transparent electroconductive ceramic material, polymeric material or metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of thickness of layer (A) and layer (B) is 9/1-1/9. The ( alpha )-olefin-type copolymer contains 10 mol% or more of structural unit derived from 3-20C ( alpha )-olefin. The layer (A) and layer (B) further contains crosslinking agent, crosslinking adjuvant, silane coupling agent, ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and/or antioxidant. Preferred Properties: The melt-flow rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ( alpha )-olefin-type copolymer is 0.1-150 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g based on JIS K7210-1999. The gel fraction of layer (A) and layer (B) is 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetone or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polyoxyethylene and lithium perchlorate is 4-12:1. The mass ratio of polyphosphazene nanotube and polyoxyethylene is 0.01-0.55:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid solution or phosphoric acid condensed product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal silanol compound is methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl trimethoxysilane, or diethyl diethoxysilane. The additive is Brij 56 (RTM: polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether), Pluronic F127 (RTM: nonionic surfactant) and acetylacetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lead-free aluminum paste of a solar cell comprises (in wt.%) aluminum powder (71-75, preferably 72-75), organic binder (21-28, preferably 23-25), inorganic glass powder (1-4, preferably 1.5-3.5) and first additive (0.5-1.8, preferably 1-1.5). The first additive includes vanadium or vanadium oxide with the grain size of less than or equal to 10 microns. The second additive includes ethylene glycol phenyl ether, butyl carbitol and/or carbitol acetate. The aluminum powder has the purity of greater than or equal to 98% and the micro-ball aluminum powder covered with an aluminum nitride layer has the average grain size of 1-5 microns. The inorganic glass powder having the grain size of less than or equal to 10 microns accounts for about 0.1-5% of the paste. The inorganic glass powder includes (in wt.%) silicon dioxide (20-50, preferably 25-35), bismuth oxide powder (30-60, preferably 35-50), titanium dioxide (3-10, preferably 3-8), boron trioxide (1-4, preferably 2-4), zinc oxide (0-3, preferably 0-2) and magnesium oxide (0-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The grain size of quantum dot is 1-50 nm, preferably 1-10 nm. Preferred Method: The ternary alloy quantum dot is prepared by aqueous solution or organic solvent chemical sol method, molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition self-assembly method and photolithography method. Preferred Definitions:    A=zinc or cadmium;    B=zinc, cadmium, sulfur or selenium;    P'=sulfur or tellurium;    x,y=0.01-1;    z=0.75-1;and    x+y,y+z=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The building base material is formed using ceramic material, glass material or steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The back membrane comprises substrate and polyester membrane materials or fluorine materials formed on two sides of the base layer. The solar building material further has a bonding layer (III). The bonding layers (I-III) comprise ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The coating step comprises applying slurry onto cathode current collector using solution extrusion process. The drying step comprises drying coated cathode current collector in first heating zone having temperature of 450-800 degrees C; and drying coated cathode current collector in a second heating zone having temperature of 75-130 degrees C. The battery making method further includes calendering cathode after drying step at elevated temperature, where cathode is 16-22 mil thick. Preferred Components: The cathode further comprises conductive material consisting of carbon black and graphite; and less than 3 wt.% binder. The slurry comprises 65-75 wt.% solids. Preferred Properties: The cathode has porosity of 30-35%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The cathode current collector comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The cathode current collector comprises an aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is hydrocarbon solvent including unbranched hydrocarbon, branched hydrocarbon, or aromatic hydrocarbon. The solvent is paraffinic solvent, iso-paraffinic solvent, or cyclo-paraffinic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A material of the semiconductor layer consists of amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous germanium, crystalline germanium, polycrystalline germanium, amorphous silicon-germanium alloy, crystalline silicon-germanium alloy or polycrystalline silicon-germanium alloy. The semiconductor nanocrystals are made of lead sulfide. The transparent conductive oxide is indium-tin oxide, zinc-doped indium tin oxide, zinc indium oxide, gallium indium oxide, zinc tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (In4Sn3O12) and zinc magnesium oxide (Zn(1-x) MgxO), where x is 0.1-1. The second electrode is made of a metal consisting of aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, copper and calcium. The layer of the semiconductor material is fabricated of intrinsic or doped silicon, germanium, or silicon-germanium in either crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous forms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bi-functional ligand is 1,2-ethanedithiol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole-conducting material consists of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectric conversion layer comprises amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon-carbon and amorphous silicon-germanium. The substrate is made of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The light-incident side electrode layer is made of aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper or titanium. The counter electrode layer is made of aluminum, silver, gold and platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyamide, polyamide imide, liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polystyrene and poly-carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Module: In the solar cell module, the insulating sheet is formed of a pair of sheets sandwiching the rear-surface-side protection member, and the contact portion is a slit formed in the insulating sheet. The insulating sheet covers the opening portion at the solar cell side of the rear-surface-side protection member. The insulating sheet covers the opening portion at the opposite side of the rear-surface-side protection member to the solar cell. The distance between an outer edge of the insulating sheet and an outer edge of the opening portion is greater than a thickness of the rear-surface-side protection member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles comprise a material consisting of silica, titania and/or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first nanostructured domain comprises a material consisting of polyethers, polyamines, polyimides, polyamides, alkyl carbonates, polynitriles, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyolefins and/or polydienes. The backbone comprises polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyethers, polydienes, polyolefins, polyacrylates and/or polymethacrylates. The pendants comprise oligoethers, substituted oligoethers, nitrile groups, sulfones, thiols, polyethers, polyamines, polyimides, polyamides, alkyl carbonates, polynitriles and/or other polar groups. The second nanostructured domain comprises a material consisting of polystyrene (preferred), hydrogenated polystyrene, polymethacrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, polyolefins, poly(t-butyl vinyl ether), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly(cyclohexyl vinyl ether), poly(t-butyl vinyl ether), polyethylene, fluorocarbons, polyvinylidene fluoride, and copolymers that contain styrene, methacrylate and/or vinylpyridine. The polymer comprises either a diblock copolymer or a triblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The ethylene propylene diene monomer conforms to ASTM D-412, ASTM D-1667 and ASTM D-412 standards.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rings are made of ethylene propylene diene monomer, silicone, thermoplastic elastomer, or extruded and butyl enclosed PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first latent-heat storage material is sodium acetate trihydrate. The crystallization seed material is paraffin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The container is made of polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic dicarboxylic acid is phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. The alkylene diol is 1,3-propylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene glycol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,10-decylene glycol, or 1,6-cyclohexane dimethanol. The cross-linking agent is isocyanate compound or carbodiimide compound. Preferred Parameters: Preferably, the gelatinization ratio of the adhesive material is more than 60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The packing is selected from light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, silicon micro powder, nanometer calcium carbonate, gas-phase white carbon black or sedimentary white carbon black, where the light calcium carbonate is nanometer active light calcium carbonate modified by fatty acid, silane coupling agent or resin acid. The combustion-resistant agent is selected from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, chlorinated paraffin or antimony oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion-resistant agent is also selected from decabromodiphenyl ether, where the aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are modified by fatty acid, silane coupling agent or resin acid. The cross-linking agent is selected from methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxy silane, ethyl triethoxy silane, vinyltrimethoxysilane or vinyltriethoxysilane. The hydroxyl scavenging agent is selected from vinyl trimethoxy silane, N-cyclohexyl methyl diethyl silane or N-cyclohexyl methyl triethoxy silane. The tackifier is selected from vinyltriethoxysilane, epoxy trimethylsilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The metal catalyst is selected from dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyl dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyl diacetate or dibutyl benzoic acid diacetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polydimethylsiloxane is formed by dimethylsiloxy, trimethylsiloxy, dimethoxymethyl siloxy, dimethylmethoxy siloxy, triethoxy siloxy, ethyl dimethoxy siloxy or diethyl methoxy siloxy. The plasticizer comprises hydrogenated mineral oil, methyl silicone oil and phenyl silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the monolithic integrated miniature solar cell array, the substrate is insulated GaAs substrate; the material of the doped material is n-type GaAs with thickness of 2-3 mu m and doped concentration of more than 5x 1014; the material of the solar cell functional layer is n-type GaAs or p-type GaAs with thickness of 1-1.5 mu m; where the side surface of the solar cell functional layer is passivated; the materials of the lower insulated filling layer and the upper insulated filling layer are silicon dioxide (SiO2) or polyimide; and the metal electrode is gold/titanium (Au/Ti) double-layer structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polyethylene terephthalate PET tag layer which is attached on a bottom paper layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The asymmetric waveguide layer is made of a dielectric material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, transparent conducting oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide. The apertures are filled with a semiconducting material selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, single crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, and cadmium telluride. The apertures are filled with a transparent conducting oxide selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide. The PV layer of integrated solar cell structure is made of semiconducting material selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, single crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, and cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal film is made of a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, aluminum, nickel, silver alloy, gold alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy or nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photovoltaic (PV) layers of integrated solar cell structure comprises an organic PV material selected from a group consisting of conjugated polymers phthalocyanine, and perylene derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The solid state laser medium contains neodymium glass, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, neodymium or chromium doped yttrium aluminum garnet, and other medium containing ceramics, are used by the natural solar spectrum of bands in the conversion system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The panel comprises glass. The lens element comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises germanium. The cell further comprises Group III-V semiconductor subcells (608). A transition layer (601, 603, 605) comprising silicon germanium is provided between each of the two silicon germanium subcells. Each transition layer comprises a graded composition silicon germanium. A first silicon germanium subcell is deposited on the germanium subcell. A second silicon germanium subcell is deposited on the first silicon germanium subcell. Group III-V subcells are deposited on the second silicon germanium subcell. The first silicon germanium subcell has a material composition SiyGe1-y (604) or SixGe1-x (602). The second silicon germanium subcell has a material composition SizGe1-z (606) or SiyGe1-y. The two silicon germanium subcells have a composition of Si0.15Ge0.85 and Si0.19Ge0.81. A third silicon germanium subcell is deposited on the second silicon germanium subcell. It has a material composition SizGe1-z. The III-V subcells include a first III-V subcell comprising gallium arsenide phosphide and a second III-V subcell comprising indium-gallium phosphide. The support structures comprise metal.y=0-30%;z=0-50%; andx=0-5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The support structures comprise aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The optical concentrating elements are planar lenses comprising a polymer sheet bonded to the transparent panel. The support structures are mounted onto the transparent panel using adhesive and/or a mechanical fixing. The deformable material is a polymer gasket or O-ring. The assembly further comprises a rigid panel structure, where the panel comprises polymer. The support structures comprise polymer or metal coated polymer. The lens element comprises polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The base material sheet is resin sheet. Preferred Process: The ion implantation is carried out using helium, argon, krypton, nitrogen and/or oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The titanium metal film is formed by physical vapor-deposition method, chemical vapor-deposition method, sol gel process and/or synthesis method from a solution. The method further involves providing metal film (b) having patterns on titanium metal film, anodizing at 0 degrees C or less and forming insulating oxide film. The anodic oxidation is performed in aqueous solution containing an acid or its salt, hydrogen peroxide and an antifreezing agent at temperature of -30 degrees C to -3 degrees C for 400 minutes and voltage of 0.75-1.25 V. Preferred Conditions: The anodic oxidation is stopped when the current density is 1 mu A/cm2 or less at which the applied voltage reaches the regular anodic oxidation voltage. The current density until the applied voltage reaches regular anodic oxidation voltage, is 0.1-1000 mA/cm2. Preferred Composition: The content of element (a) is 2-15 atomic%. Preferred Properties: The titanium metal film has thickness of 20-200 nm. The conductive oxide film is transparent and amorphous, and has thickness of 20-250 nm, resistivity of 10-2-10-4 (ohm)cm, and light transmittance of 50% or more at wavelength of 360 nm to 2.4 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate comprises material chosen from glass, resin and semiconductor material. The substrate is flat plate, sheet or film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermoconductive filler consists of inorganic substance. The inorganic substance and heat conductive powder (B) are chosen from allotrope of metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, metal hydroxide and carbon. The wiring component contains metallic element chosen from copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, zinc, cobalt, titanium, lead and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer sheet contains heat-resistant resin, fluororubber and/or silicone rubber and thermoconductive filler. The polymer sheet is reinforced with cloth and/or fiber consisting of inorganic substances and/or heat-resistant resin. The sheet is a silicone rubber sheet containing silicone rubber composition. The silicone rubber composition contains (in parts mass) crosslinked organopolysiloxane (A) (100), heat conductive powder (B) (0-600), carbon black powder (C) (0-80), reinforcement property silica powder (D) (0-50) and hardening agent (E). The electroconductive adhesive material is a conductive resin adhesive agent containing insulating resin and electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The new polymer is obtained by cyclopolymerizing a tetrahydropentalene-containing monomer of formula (IV) and an olefin monomer of formula: HC(-R17)=CH(-R18) in the presence of a transition-metal complex compound catalyst (e.g. palladium diimine-tetra aryl borate complex).R17,R18=H or alkyl.Preferred Unit: Repeating unit (I) is preferably of formula (III).Ar1,Ar2=4C or more bivalent heterocyclyl or 6C or more bivalent aromatic hydrocarbyl (both optionally substituted), preferably group of formula (i);R1,R2=H, halo, or monovalent group, preferably of formula (ii);m,n=0-6;Z1=-C(-R3)=C(-R4)-, -S-, -O-, -C(-R5)=N-, -N(-R6)-, -S(=O)-, -SO2-, -Se-, or -Te-, preferably -S-;R3-R8=H or monovalent group;R3+R4,R7+R8=ring;Y1,Y2=oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or -A1-C(=CH2)-A2;A1,A2=H, halo, or monovalent group, with at least one being electron-withdrawing group;R0=H or monovalent group;andj=number of substitutable sites of ring.-C(-R5)=N- may be right/left-inverting. EXAMPLE - (In mg) 5,5-diallyl-1,3-dithien-2-yl-4H-cyclopenta(c)thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (60) was dissolved in dichloromethane. 12-Chloro-12-methyl-11,13-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-11,13-diaza-12-palladatetracyclo(7.5.1.05,15.010,14)pentadeca-1,3,5,7,9(15),10,13-heptaene (21) and sodium tris(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boranuide (3.3) were added and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The solvent was distilled off and the crude product was purified using chloroform, to obtain a polymer (32) of formula (IA) (k is polymerization degree). The polymer had a number average molecular weight of 3100 by polystyrene conversion, a reduction potential of -1.98 eV, low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and an oxidation potential of 0.9 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The absorptive solid material is selected from activated charcoal, zeolites, and high porosity substrates. The high porosity substrate is made from material selected from organic, ceramic and metallic materials (preferably copper, nickel, aluminum, and stainless steel).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer electrolyte is a copolymer having repeating unit of formula: -(CF2CF2)- (1), and repeating unit of formula: -(CF2-CF(-O-(CF2CFX)nOp-(CF2)m-SO3H))- (2).X=fluoro or -CF3;n=0-1;m=0-12;andp=0 or 1.n and m are not 0 simultaneously. Preferred Membrane: The microporous membrane is a multilayered structure obtained from polyolefin. Preferred Properties: The elasticity modulus of the microporous membrane is 250 MPa or less along machine direction and transverse direction. The dimensional-change ratio (planar direction/film thickness direction) of the fluoropolymer electrolytic membrane in water at 80 degrees C is 0.50 or less. The moisture content of the fluoropolymer electrolyte is 30-300 %mass at 80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode structure contains organic semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition contains (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer having polymeric group in side chain and an energy beam curing type monomer and/or oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent resin is chosen from any one of silicone resin, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin, oxetane resin, polyvinyl ether, melamine resin, urea resin, urethane resin and thermosetting type polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ion-exchange group is proton-exchange group including sulfonic acid group, sulfonimide group, sulfate group, phosphonic acid group, phosphoric acid group or carboxylic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The microfibers in the fiber assembly have average diameter of 0.01-1 mu m. Preferred Components: The polymer (a) is polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene ketone, polyetherketone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyamidoimide, polyamide, polyester, polyimidazole, polyoxazole, polyphenylene, polystyrene, polyethylene and/or their copolymer. The polymer (a) is preferably polyarylene ether-type compound containing repeating units of formulae chosen from (I)-(IV).Ar=bivalent aromatic group;Y'=sulfone or ketone;R'=H, sulfonic acid group, phosphonic acid group or their salts;andX=H or monovalent cationic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is ruthenium catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The wavelength of absorption edge of long-wavelength surface of organic silica-type material is 600 nm or more, in absorption spectrum. Preferred Definitions:    R2,R3,R6,R7=substituent containing alkoxysilyl (i).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive film used in manufacturing method of thin film solar cell is an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is 0.3-0.6 mol/L of potassium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chitosan solution is 0.5-4% chitosan solution formed by dissolving chitosan into 1-4% of dilute acetic acid solution, and fully stirring to dissolve. The compound having epoxy group is glycidyl trimethylamine hydrochloride. The chitosan is chosen from chitosan, O-carboxymethyl chitosan, and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass percent of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 4-8%. Preferred Property: The formed film has thickness of 30-60 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite corrosion inhibitor is chosen from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and bismuth trichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene glycol comprises 2-5 weight% of polyethylene glycol 200 and 3-8 weight% of polyethylene glycol 400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-mix crystal coat is mixed with modified difluoro coating (0-40%, preferably 30%) and trifluorovinyl coating (60-100%, preferably 70%). The base layer includes mixture of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkoxysilane cross-linker is a siloxane which is of formula (R1)4-nSi(OR2)n.R1,R2=(un)saturated linear or branched 1-4C alkyl;andn=0-4.The titanate chelate catalyst is ethyl acetoacetate-tetraisopropyl titanate chelate. The thixotropic agent is a gas-phase white carbon black with different specific surface area. The titanium catalyst is tetrabutyl titanate or tetraisopropyl titanate. The coupling agent is aminopropyltriethoxysilane, epoxy propyltrimethoxysilane and/or aminoethyl amino triethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymer has number average molecular weight (Mn) of 4200-44000 and average viscosity of 100-20000 cps. The nanometer calcium carbonate has average diameter of 0.05 mu m. The plasticizer is dimethylsiloxane having viscosity of 100-2000 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium substrate is a titanium metal sheet having thickness of 0.25 mm, glass substrate coated with titanium film, or conductive glass substrate coated with titanium film. The fluoride is ammonium fluoride and/or hydrogen fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoride solution contains ethylene glycol, or water as solvent. The precursor is tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, or tetraethyl titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The block polymer is polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene/polystyrene-polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The molten adhesive contains copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate as its main components. The polyester film has upper and lower surface layers formed of fluorine-containing thin films, and a middle layer formed of polyethylene glycol terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is stainless steel or non-transparent plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The growth substrate is made of gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer is made of a polymer, a polyimide compound and/or an epoxy based photoresist material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor film is amorphous silicon film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The liquid semiconductor material is an organic-solvent liquid of polysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid-state chemical hydride comprises an alkali metal having hydrogen boride, an alkali metal hydride, a metal hydrogen boride or a metal hydride. The solid-state chemical hydride (30-70%) comprises sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, lithium borohydride, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, potassium borohydride, aluminum borohydride. The solid-state catalyst (0-25%) comprises solid-state acids, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper, or iron containing metal salts. The method further comprises forming various geometric and/or other shapes and placing the hydrogen fuel into vessel, and disposing specific liquid comprising water or an aqueous solution in the vessel to react with the specific liquid to provide a steady rate of hydrogen release.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid-state chemical hydride (30-70%) is of formula BxNyHz selected from borazane, diborane diammoniate, polyamine borane, borazine, borane-tetrahydrofuran complex or ethylborane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer matrix comprises a hydrophobic polymeric elastomer comprising silicone, rubber or silicone rubber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus compound is chosen from phosphonic acid-type compound and phosphinic acid-type compound. The phosphorus compound is of formula: P(=O)R1(OR2)(OR3) and/or P(=O)R1R4(OR2).R1,R4=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl, hydroxy or 1-50C hydrocarbyl containing halo, alkoxyl or amino, preferably group having aromatic ring structure;andR2,R3=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl, hydroxy or 1-50C hydrocarbyl containing alkoxyl, and hydrocarbyl optionally includes alicyclic structure and aromatic ring structure.The phosphorus compound has phenol portion in same molecule. The phosphorus compound having phenol portion in same molecule is chosen from P(=O)R5(OR6)(OR7) and/or P(=O)R5R8(OR6).R5=1-50C hydrocarbyl containing phenol portion, hydroxy, or 1-50C containing halo, alkoxyl or amino, and phenol portion;R8=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl, hydroxy, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl containing halo, alkoxyl or amino;andR6,R7=R2,R3, hydrocarbyl optionally includes alicyclic structure, branched structure and aromatic ring structure, and terminal of R6 and R8 are optionally coupled.The polycondensation catalyst contains aluminum salt of phosphorus compound of formula (I).R9,R10=H or 1-30C hydrocarbyl;R11=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl, hydroxy or 1-50C hydrocarbyl containing alkoxy;R12=R11 including H;l,n=1 or more;m=0 or more;andl+m=4 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyester film has breaking elongation retention half life of 700 hours or more at 160 degrees C, density of 1.38-1.41 g/cm3, thermal contraction rate of -0.5% to 2% at 150 degrees C in longitudinal direction and width direction, preferably -0.5% to 0.5%, and molecular orientation value (MOR-C) of 1-2 when thickness is converted into 50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing layer in the frameless solar cell panel contains silane-modified polyolefin, ethylene-unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, or ionomer-ethylene-unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, and ethylene vinylacetate or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin (I) is chosen from polyethylene and polypropylene, and the resin (II) is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyether nitrile, polyimide, polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound is pyridine optionally having 1-4C alkyl group, 1-4C alkoxy group or halogen. The amino acid is neutral amino acid. The hydrohalide salt is hydrochloride or hydrobromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer (a) is polyarylene of formula (III), preferably of formula (IV) or of formula: -(((Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2-Z1-((Ar3-Y2)b-Ar4-Z2)c)n-(Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2 ))-.R2=fluoro, cyano, or 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 6-20C aryloxy or 2-20C acyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy);or adjacent two R2=ring;m=1 or 2;k,j=0-3;a-c=0 or 1;n=3 or more;Ar1-Ar4=bivalent aromatic group chosen from 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy or 2-20C acyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy, or 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy (both optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy or 6-10C aryloxy);Y1,Y2=single bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, or fluorene-9,9-diyl group;andZ1,Z2=-O- or -S-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The third adhesive material comprises material comprised of olefinics, ionomers, acrylics and silicones. The polymer support layer comprises material consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene terepthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), acrylic or polycarbonate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an improved combination of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Photoelectric Converting Device: The substrate layer and the active layer form a solar cell or an optical sensor. The solar cell includes a material of amorphous silicon, polysilicon, crystal silicon, silicon/germanium, III-V or II-VI semiconductor, small organic molecule, polymer, dye sensitized material, or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Each of the indented units in the top view is a triangle or a hexagon. The substrate has a textured structure, and the active layer is same in shape with the textured structure. The substrate layer comprises: (i) a flat base layer; and (ii) an interlayer, disposed on the flat base layer, having a textured structure, where the active layer is same in shape with the textured structure. The substrate layer is a flat base layer, and the active layer has a flat back surface, disposed on the flat base layer. Preferred Method: In fabricating photoelectric converting device, each of the indented units is formed as an inverted triangular pyramid. Each of the indented units is formed from three intersecting planes of a cube. The three planes of each of the indented units form an inverted triangular pyramid or form a cube by intersection. The textured structure is directly formed on the substrate layer. Forming the textured structure on the substrate layer comprises: (i) providing a flat base layer; (ii) disposing an interlayer on the flat base layer; and (iii) forming a surface structure on the interlayer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    D'=porphyrin group of formula (i) or (ii), preferably (i);    M=metal;    A=fullerene group of formula (iii) or (iv), preferably (iii);and    m,r,n,n'=1-50.    EXAMPLE - Mixture of zinc porphine Compound of formula (VI) (in mg) (500) and 18-crown-6 ether (3) was dissolved in anhydrous N-methylpyrrolidone (5 ml), 7,8-N-4-hydroxyphenyl succinimide endo-tricyclo(4.2.2.02,5)deca-3,9-diene oxy tosyl was added, heated at 80 degrees C in presence of nitrogen for 24 hours, cooled to room temperature, N-methylpyrrolidone was removed by performing vacuum distillation and dried, to obtain porphyrin-containing diblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphite material includes natural graphite, artificial graphite, composite graphite and lithium titanate. The lithium-ion battery further comprises cathode active material, electrolyte and solvent. The cathode active material is selected from lithium cobalt, lithium ferrous phosphate, lithium manganate or lithium nickel cobalt manganate. The electrolyte is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isolating film is composite film of single-layer polyethylene, single-layer polypropylene or multi-layer polyethylene or polypropylene. The solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, carbonic allyl ester, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or gamma -butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The conductive core has twisted tin plated copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecular weight insulating inner jacket and high molecular weight insulating outer jacket are both made of polyethylene materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrated metal oxide is magnesium hydroxide and/or aluminum hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-butylene copolymer, and/or ethylene/1-hexylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base layer is 0.05-0.35 mm, preferably 0.15-0.2 mm. The thickness of the ultraviolet-absorbing layer is 0.001-0.01 mm, preferably 0.003-0.005 mm. The inner surface of the base layer or ultraviolet-absorbing layer is formed using fluorosilicone film-forming layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micro-ball preparation agent is mono-styrene whose styrene is removed after pressure reduction and distillation, silica particle or alpha -vinyl toluene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate-1,2-diphenylethylene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl phenyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid. The surfactant is methacrylic acid. The initiator is potassium persulfate. Preferred Process: The dry growth process is realized by placing the container at a drying case with constant temperature at 45 plus minus 0.5 degrees C, humidity of 90% plus minus 2% for growth for one week. The sintering is realized firstly by using Ma Feilu furnace to raise temperature to 250 degrees C and keeping the temperature for more than 1 hour, burning it to remove high-molecular colloidal micro-balls between the clear glass sheet and fluorine doped tin oxide glass sheet, then raising the temperature to 450 degrees C, keeping the temperature for more than 1 hour to carry out densification process. The temperature raising ratio during the sintering is 0.2-5 degrees C/minute. The dye solution is prepared by dissolving ruthenium complex N3 dye (2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) in the anhydrous ethanol, stirring them for 12 hours at 40 degrees C to prepare 0.5 mmol dye solution. The sensitization is realized by placing the photonic crystal titanium dioxide film in the environment at normal temperature, keeping it in dark place and allowing to stand it for one night. The propylene carbonate is used as a solvent; the electrolyte is potassium iodide and iodine, in which the contents of the two parts respectively are 0.5 mol/L and 0.05mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkaline compound is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is glycerol, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or hexylethyl carbonate. The concentration of alkaline compound solution is 4-6 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer base material comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phosphoric acid is condensed product of phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal silanol salt is methyl orthosilicate, tetrabutoxy titanium, tetrapropoxy titanium, tetrabutoxy zirconium, tributoxy aluminum, pentabutoxy nickel, tetrabutoxy tin, methyl trimethoxy silane or diethyl diethoxy silane. The additive is Brij 56 (RTM: polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether), Pluronic F127 (RTM: block copolymer surfactant) and acetylacetone. The ionic liquid is chosen from dimethyl ethylamine/trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid ionic liquid, dimethyl ethylamine/sulfuric acid ionic liquid, dimethyl ethylamine/sulfuric acid ionic liquid, dimethyl methylamine/trifluoromethyl sulfonic-acid ionic liquid, diethylmethylamine/sulfuric acid ionic liquid, diethyl methylamine/phosphoric acid ionic liquid, and diethyl methyl amine/phosphoric acid ionic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte salt is lithium salt chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium (bis)trifluoromethane sulfonimide or lithium bisoxalatoborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The crosslinking compound is chosen from tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylated diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and tris((2-acryloyloxy)ethyl)isocyanurate. The borate compound is of formula: R5-O-B(-O-R4)(-O-R6).R4-R6=H, halo, 1-6C alkyl or silyl.Preferred Composition: The content of multifunctional compound and anion receptor is each of 0.05-10 wt.%. Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate and methylpropyl polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ethylene propylene diene monomer comprises ethylidene norbornene, ethylene and propylene. The peroxide is benzoyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(benzoyl peroxide)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butyl peroxide)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, 1,4-bis(t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide-3-hexene, tertiary butyl cumenyl peroxide or 1,1-di-tert-butyl peroxide-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin resin comprises homo-polypropylene and ethylene/propylene copolymer. The phenolic resin is phenol formaldehyde resin, alkyl phenol formaldehyde resin, tertiary butyl phenol formaldehyde resin, tert-octyl bromoethyl-alkyl phenol formaldehyde resin, bromoethyl-para-tertiary butyl phenol formaldehyde resin and bromoethyl-P-tert-octyl phenol formaldehyde resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tris(ortho-toluoyl)phosphine, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladiumchloride. The dosage of the organic palladium catalyst is 0.1-20% that of the 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluorene in molar weight. The alkali is metal hydroxide substance, aqueous metal carbonate solution or aqueous tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide solution and the dosage of the alkali is 1-10 times that of the 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluorene in molar weight. The solvent is low-polar organic solvent and/or polar aprotic organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing (I) comprises: selecting substituted 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluorene of formula (a) , dibromo containing compound of formula Ar1(Br)2 and substituted 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole of formula (b) as raw materials; adding organic solvent and alkali to the materials; carrying out the reaction in presence of organic palladium catalyst to obtain (I), where the reaction temperature is 30-180 degrees C with reaction time of 1-7 days.R1-R6 = H or 1-20C alkyl; andAr1 = radical containing thiofuran.Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 50-150 degrees C with the reaction time of 2-4 days. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = substituted thiophene-2,5-diyl, 2,3-dihydro-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxine-5,7-diyl of formula (c), substituted thieno(3,2-b)thiophene 2,5-diyl of formula (d), substituted dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophene-2,6-diyl of formula (e), substituted 4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl (f), substituted 7H-3,4-dithia-7-sila-cyclopenta(a)pentalene-2,5-diyl of formula (g) or substituted 4H-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)pyrrole-2,6-diyl of formula (h);    n = 10-100; and    m = 1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal alcoholate is methyl silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, tetrabutoxy titanium, tetraisopropyl titanium, tetraisopropoxy zirconium, tetrabutoxy zirconium, tributoxy aluminum, pentabutoxy niobium, tetrabutoxy tin, methyl trimethoxy silane or diethyl dioxyethyl silane. The phosphoric acid is condensation product of phosphoric acid. The additive is Brij 56 (RTM: polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether), Pluronic F127 (RTM: block copolymer surfactant) and acetylacetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The proton conductive polymer is Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), polyvinyl phosphoric acid, polyvinyl imidazole and sulfonated polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkoxyalkyl nitride compound is 1-80 weight%.The lithium salt has concentration of 0.5-2 M/l.The electrolyte further contains carbonate compound.Preferred Compounds: The alkoxyalkyl nitride compound is chosen from ethoxyacetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, ethoxypropionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, diethoxyacetonitrile, benzoylacetonitrile, isopropoxy propionitrile, methoxybutyronitrile, ethoxybutyronitrile, methoxyvaleronitrile and ethoxyvaleronitrile.The carbonate compound is chosen from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate.Preferred Property: The electrolyte has viscosity of 100 cP or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protection layer comprises: a monolayer comprising nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron, manganese, titanium, palladium, tin and aluminum; binary alloys; tertiary alloys including nickel, cobalt, zinc, iron, copper and boron; and diamond, ceramic, carbon nanotubes, metal particles, rare earth oxides, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite and/or metal oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: In the method for manufacturing a solar cell module, in the step of performing the insulating treatment, the metal layer exposed to the surface of each of the pair of movable portions is covered with an insulation tape. Preferred Solar Cell Module: The insulating member is an insulation tape. The insulation tape is attached across the light-receiving-surface-side of the rear-surface-side protection member through its rear-surface-side. The slit surrounding the first portion partially includes linear slits. The slit surrounding the second portion partially includes linear slits. The solar cell module includes an internal separation member between the solar cells and the rear-surface-side protection member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The acrylic polymer comprises 0.01 to 20 percent by weight of functionalized monomer units which comprise acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a corresponding mixture. The acrylic layer further comprises one or more fluoropolymers that are miscible, semi-miscible or compatible with the acrylic polymers. The fluoropolymer comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, comprising at least 75 percent by weight of vinylidene fluoride monomer units. The polymer support layer is selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and functionalized polyolefins. One or more additional layers are selected from a group consisting of an additional acrylic layer of the same or different composition, a fluoropolymer layer, an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layer, and a thermoplastic layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material gas of plasma chemical vapor deposition consists of one chosen from the group containing silicon containing gas, carbon containing gas and germanium containing gas. The material gas has diluent gas containing hydrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is formed of polymide, polyamide, polyimidoamide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether imide, polyetheretherketone and polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first block of the block copolymer consists of polyethers, polyamines, polyimides, polyamides, alkyl carbonates, polynitriles, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyolefins and/or polydienes. The backbone consists of polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyethers, polydienes, polyolefins, polyacrylates and/or polymethacrylates. The pendants consists of oligoethers, substituted oligoethers, nitrile groups, sulfones, thiols, polyethers, polyamines, polyimides, polyamides, alkyl carbonates, polynitriles and/or other polar groups. The second block of the block copolymer consists of polystyrene, hydrogenated polystyrene, polymethacrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, polyolefins, poly(tert-butyl vinyl ether), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly(cyclohexyl vinyl ether), poly(t-butyl vinyl ether), polyethylene, fluorocarbons, polyvinylidene fluoride and copolymers that contain styrene, methacrylate, and/or vinylpyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cells are wafer-based solar cells comprising one or both of monocrystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicone or where the solar cells are thin film solar cells comprising at least one materials selected from amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, copper indium/gallium diselenide, light absorbing dyes, and organic semiconductors. The mounting device is made of plastic or metal (preferably steel, aluminum, titanium, brass, lead, chrome, copper, and their alloys).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second encapsulant layer comprises at least one polymeric material selected from copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ionomers, poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, poly(vinyl chlorides), polyethylenes, polyolefin block copolymer elastomers, copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, silicone elastomers, and epoxy resins. The second outer protective layer comprises materials selected from glass sheets; polymeric sheets comprising polymers selected from polycarbonates, acrylics, polyacrylates, cyclic polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters, and fluoropolymers; and polymeric films comprising polymers selected from polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrenes, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, nylons, polyurethanes, acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellophanes, poly(vinyl chlorides), and fluoropolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Photovoltaic Device: The active layer comprises poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid-methyl ester (PCBM) as a bulk heterojunction active layer. The photovoltaic device further comprises a buffer layer comprising a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-type polymer. The nanohole film is a metal film with subwavelength apertures. Preferably, the nanohole film is a silver film with subwavelength apertures. The nanohole film subwavelength apertures are less than 300 nm. The fractional coverage of the nanoholes across the electrode surface is less than 0.3. Preferred Method: Producing a nanostructured electrode further comprises washing the substrate prior to depositing the metal film. It also comprises heating the substrate to reduce aggregation of the spheres. The spheres are deposited on the substrate by contacting the substrate with a solution comprising spheres and a salt. The method also comprises altering the salt concentration of the solution comprising the spheres and the salt to change the density of spheres deposited on the substrate. The spheres are also charged. The spheres are removed by sonicating the metal film-coated substrate. Preferably, the metal film is a silver film. In determining the optical characteristics of a nanohole electrode, the nanohole electrode comprises a different nanohole aperture size and/or a different nanohole surface coverage than the reference nanohole electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The unsymmetrical I beam is made of a fibrous reinforcement within a matrix of resin material that is selected from a group consisting of epoxy polymers, urethane polymers, phenolic polymers, polyester polymers and vinyl based polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electroconductive powder is surface treated using cationic surfactant. The dispersion liquid is dried by vacuum freezing treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cationic surfactant is alkylamine salt-type surfactant of formula: (R-NH3+)(CH3COO-).R=8-20C alkyl or alkylallyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: The amorphous metal oxide is amorphous n-type metal oxide chosen from indium zinc gallium oxide, indium zinc aluminum oxide and indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The hole transportation layer contains a hole transport material containing an aromatic amine derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is formed using a transparent resin material having flexibility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buried layer contains polymer of triaryl isocyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate, nonanediol diacrylate and neopentylglycol dimethacrylate as main component. The liquid coating film in buried layer, contains triaryl isocyanurate, trimethallyl isocyanurate, nonanediol diacrylate and neopentylglycol dimethacrylate as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoelectrical glass subassembly includes polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyphosphazene microparticles is 1-30 %mass of polyoxyethylene. The polyoxyethylene and lithium perchlorate are provided in state such that the molar ratio of oxygen atom and lithium atom is 8-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphoric acid is a condensed phosphoric acid. The mole ratio of metallic element to phosphorus is 1:0.01-1. Preferred Method: Hydrothermal treatment is carried out by keeping the gel in the environment at 100-300oC and 0-100% humidity for 1 hour to 30 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic methanol alkoxide is methyl silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, titanium n-butoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide, zirconium n-propylate, zirconium n-butoxide, aluminum butoxide, niobium butoxide, tin n-butoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, and/or dimethyl ethoxy silane. The additive is Brij 56 (RTM: polyoxyethylene 10 cetyl ether), Pluronic (RTM: polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer), Pluronic F127 (RTM: poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymer), or acetylacetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sorbent comprises zeolite, silica gel, activated carbon, a metal salt or a metal hydroxide. The sorbent comprises a complex compound of ammonia, water, alcohol or amine and a metal salt and/or water and a metal hydroxide. The metal comprises alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, and/or aluminum. The metal salt comprises a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite. The strands, fibers or filaments comprise glass, carbon, graphite, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide and/or metal. The thermal conduction unit comprises at least one thermal conductor. The thermal conductor comprises thermal conducting arms, struts, shafts, pins, plates, pads, and/or mesh. The thermal conductor comprises at least one heat pipes or thermosyphons. The refrigerant comprises ammonia, water, alcohol or amines. The substrate comprises woven strands, nonwoven strands, fibers or filaments. The containment material comprises at least one natural resin, polymer, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, neoprene or vinyl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is solid crosslinking agent, preferably organic peroxide. The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Compound: The plasticizer is phosphorus-containing compound, preferably phosphite compound. The phosphite compound is of formula: P(OR1)3.R1=linear or branched 1-20C alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and/or ( gamma )-butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water repellent layer has pore volume of 1.2-1.8 ml/g, pore diameter of 0.05-1 mu m and thickness of 1-100 mu m. The coating amount of water repellent layer is 1-100 g/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive porous base material contains porous carbon material of carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The amount of crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene unsaturated ester copolymer is 0.5-2.5 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metallic compound has one or more reaction groups which is converted into sulfonic acid group by oxidation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic composition further contains gelatinizer. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carboxy-modified copolymer latex contains (in weight%) copolymerizable aliphatic conjugated diene-type monomer (10-55), ethylenically-unsaturated-carboxylic acid monomer (0.1-10) and other monomers (35-89.9). Preferred Process: The binder is obtained by carrying out emulsion polymerization of carboxy-modified copolymer latex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte contains a compound of formula (Z2-Y1) (c). The electrolyte contains a polymer made from (a1) or (a2) and (c).Z2 = a polymerizable functional group; andY1 = a functional group comprising at least one element of H, C, N, O, F, S or Si, where Y1 is a non-aromatic functional group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer has a number average molecular weight of less than or equal to 1000000. The polymer has a structure: of formula (Zp1-A) (b1) or (Zp1-X-A) (b2); and substituted phenyl compound of formula (e). The polymer contains unit having a structure of formula (-(Zp1)x(A)-(Zp2)y-Y1) (d1) or (-(Zp1)x(X-A)-(Zp2)y-Y1) (d2). (d1) or (d2) satisfies a relation 0.1 less than or equal to x/(x+y) 0.9. The polymerizable compound is polymerized at greater than or equal to 2 V, preferably greater than or equal to 4 V on the basis of lithium (Li) /lithium ion (Li+). The increasing rate of an overpotential at a potential of 5.1 V is greater than or equal to 0.2 Vcm2/mAh.Zp1, Zp2 = an organic group formed by polymerizing a polymerizable functional group; andx, y = ratio of the constituent units for Z1 and Z2;AO = 1-4C-oxyalkylene;a = a number for the oxyalkylene group; andR1, R2 = H or 1-20C-hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The isocyanate-functional component is aliphatic urethaneacrylate. The temporary carrier film consists of fluoropolymer such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyolefin, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylic styrene acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polycarbonate, acrylic styrene acrylonitrile/polycarbonate, polycarbonate/polybutyleneterephthalate, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and/or polyvinylacetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of manganese is 60-90% of the total mol quantity of cobalt, nickel and manganese. The crystal lattice is doped with aluminum, silicon, titanium, iron, zirconium, magnesium and chromium, the doping quantity is 0.01-0.1 mol/mol of (I). The crystal phases are crushed after the symbiosis. The rotating speed of the ball mill crushing is 1500-3000 rpm for 2-5 minutes after the crystal phase mixture or symbiosis. The cobalt, nickel and manganese compound is hydroxy, oxalate or carbonate. The crystal phase precursor is sintered at 750-1000 degrees C for 4-15 hours and further cooled naturally. Preferred Method: The preparation of (I) comprises: mixing the conductive carbon black with a mass ratio of 2-3% and the polyvinylidene fluoride with a mass ratio of 2-2.5%; adding N-methyl pyrrolidone based on the ratio of the mixture to N-methyl pyrrolidone, that is 1:0.9; mixing them uniformly to form a paste; coating it on the aluminum foil collector, drying it and pressing it to form an positive piece.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic material is selected from a group consisting of oxidation silicon, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide and fluorinated magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution further contains organic peroxide chosen from 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dihydroperoxide, 2,5-di-methyl-2,5-(t-butylperoxyhexane), 3-t-butylperoxide, alpha , alpha '-bis-t-butylperoxy isopropylbenzene, n-butyl-4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy)butane, 2,2-bis(t-butylperoxy)butane, 1,1-biscyclohexane, 1,1-bis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, t-butylperoxy benzoate and benzoyl peroxide. The silane coupling agent is chosen from propyltrimethoxy silane and ( beta )-(3,4-ethoxycyclohexyl)ethyl-trimethoxy silane. The additive is chosen from ultraviolet absorber and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cyclic amine-substituted phthalic acid is chosen from 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)terephthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)terephthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)terephthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-4-yl)terephthalic acid, 2-(quinoxalin-6-yl)terephthalic acid, 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)isophthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)isophthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid, 2-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid and 2-(quinoxalin-6-yl)isophthalic acid. The cyclic amine-substituted pyridine dicarboxylic acid is 25 pyridine dicarboxylic acids chosen from 4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(pyridin-3-yl)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid and 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The repeating unit (I) of the polymer is indolyl-benzimidazole-containing repeating unit of formula (II), (III) or (IV).m,n=1-10000;andm:n=1-99:99-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thin film material is made of polymer resin base, preferably polyolefin, polyester, block styrene copolymer, polyether amide or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrotalcite-type acid acceptor has particle size of 0.1-1 mu m. The molar ratio of magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide in acid acceptor is 4-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 25-33%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inorganic nanoparticle is made of titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, gallium, cadmium, selenium, silver, lead and bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material is selected from polyperfluoro sulfonic acid, polyalkylene ether, polyether-ether-ketone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethyleneimine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The diameter of the quantum dot is 10 nm to 1 mu m. Preferred Composition: The quantum dot is cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury telluride, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, mercury oxide, cadmium-selenium sulfide, cadmium-selenium telluride, cadmium-zinc sulfide, cadmium-zinc selenide, cadmium-zinc telluride, cadmium-mercury sulfide, cadmium-mercury selenide, cadmium-mercury telluride, zinc-selenium sulfide, zinc-selenium telluride, mercury-selenium sulfide, mercury-selenium telluride, mercury-zinc sulfide, mercury-zinc selenide, cadmium-zinc oxide, cadmium-mercury oxide, zinc-mercury oxide, zinc-selenium oxide, zinc-tellurium oxide, cadmium-selenium oxide, cadmium-tellurium oxide, mercury-selenium oxide, mercury-tellurium oxide, cadmium-zinc-selenium sulfide, cadmium-zinc-selenium telluride, cadmium-mercury-selenium sulfide, cadmium-mercury-selenium telluride, mercury-zinc-selenium sulfide, mercury-zinc-selenium telluride, cadmium-zinc-selenium oxide, cadmium-zinc-tellurium oxide, indium nitride, gallium-arsenic nitride, gallium-antimony nitride, aluminum-arsenic nitride, aluminum-antimony nitride, indium-tin nitride, aluminum-gallium nitride and/or lead sulfide. The quantum dot is doped with metal elements chosen from nickel, copper, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, iridium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer further contains conductive polymer. The conductive polymer is poly-3-hexylthiophene, polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine and/or poly(3-octylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Solar Module: At least one focusing element (300) is arranged to at least one side of the housing (500). At least one reflective cavity (200) is arranged within the housing (500) by covering the internal walls of the housing with reflective material. The additional photocurrent produced from focused and entrapped photons by the solar cell is arranged to compensate for or offset the cost of the reflective cavity (200), housing (500) and/or focusing element (300). The solar module (10) housing (500) is made from porous ceramic, the focusing element (300) is made from plastic, and/or the reflective cavity (200) is realized by covering the inside walls of the housing (500) with mirror foil. The housing (500) and the focusing element (300) are made from any material or plastic into one integral element. The housing (500), the reflective cavity (200), the focusing element (300), diffracting/diffusing element (400), or any other part of the solar module (10) are based on any metal or alloy, ceramic, porous ceramic, glass, plastic, composite, polymer, rubber, foam, wood and/or wood product. There is a vacuum or low density gas inside at least one reflective cavity (200). At least one solar module (10) is aggregated to form a solar panel comprising one or more solar modules (10). Several solar cells (100, 101, 102) of different spectral responses are arranged into the reflective cavity (200), and/or at least one solar cell (100, 101, 102) is a tandem solar cell. The photocurrent collected by the solar cells (100, 101, 102) is collected by at least one electrical conductor arranged to lead out of the solar module (10). The solar module (10) is arranged to be used as building material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulation resin layer contains iron oxide, high-resistance carbon, or titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Properties: The wavelength-conversion layer of photovoltaic device has corrugated structure having elevation difference of 300 nm to 100 mu m. The in-plane periods of the corrugated structure are 300 nm to 50 mu m. The wavelength-conversion layer of photovoltaic device is formed using inkjet system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average primary particle diameter of the nanoparticles is 1-60 nm. Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles are silica particles, semiconductor fine particles and/or rare-earth ion-doped oxide fine particles. The semiconductor fine particles are zinc oxide semiconductor fine particles. The rare-earth element is europium, erbium, dysprosium and/or neodymium. The oxide fine particles are oxides of yttrium, vanadium and/or bismuth. The silica particles are colloidal silica. The resin composition further contains aminosilane coupling agent as silicon compound, aluminum compound, gallium compound, indium compound, phosphorus compound and/or tin compound. Preferred Process: The nanoparticles are conjugated with 2 or more of other nanoparticles to obtain composite particles (4). The obtained composite particles are mixed with resin, crushed mechanically and dispersed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aminosilane coupling agent is N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyl-dimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is acrylic resin, epoxy resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material particles contain carbonaceous material. Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing aqueous binder solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and ammonium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, is 5:5-8:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The resin film is polyester film which is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. Preferred Compound: The epoxy compound is silane coupling agent having epoxy group and alkoxy group, epoxy modified diene-type copolymer, epoxidized vegetable oil and/or unsaturated epoxy copolymer. Preferred Composition: The resin composition layer further contains 0.1-5 parts weight of crosslinking agent and 0.1-5 parts weight of adjuvant with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Process: The resin film layer is oxidized by performing corona discharge treatment, ozone treatment, flame processing and/or plasma processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The epoxy compounds are silane coupling agents having epoxy group and alkoxy group, epoxy-modified diene-type copolymer, epoxidized vegetable oil, and/or unsaturated epoxy copolymer, preferably silane coupling agents having epoxy group and alkoxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (A) consists of polyester film, fluororesin film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalene film, or polyvinyl fluoride resin film, preferably polyester film, or polyvinyl fluoride resin film. The layer (B) contains alumina vapor deposited-polyethylene terephthalate film, silica vapor deposited-polyethylene terephthalate film, or aluminum foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin material is selected from group consisting of epoxy resin, vinylester resin or polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protecting layer comprises one of thermal melt gel, polyurethane, PVC and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The tert-amine catalyst is N,N,N',N",N'''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 33% propylene glycol solution of triethylene diamine, or 1,3,5-tri(dimethylaminoethyl)hexahydrotriazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The ceramic precursor is sol-form organometallic compound containing element chosen from silicon, aluminum, lithium, zirconium, titanium, zinc and barium. The ceramic precursor contains polysilazane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The moisture-proof film further has synthetic-resin layer. The synthetic resin in the synthetic-resin layer is cycloolefin type-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base material is formed by coating and baking a resin-like polyimide or the solution of polyamic acid which is a polyimide precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of inorganic oxide nanoparticles is 20 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor junction layer comprises an absorber layer made of cadmium telluride and a window layer made of cadmium sulfide. The buffer layer is made of zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide. The transparent conductive layer is made of tin oxide, with or without fluorine doping, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palygorskite-sepiolite mineral fiber is palygorskite or sepiolite. The molecular sieve is natural zeolum (RTM: Zeolite molecular sieves), carbon molecular or artificially synthesized zeolum (RTM: Zeolite molecular sieves). The natural zeolum (RTM: Zeolite molecular sieves) is the mercerization or clinoptilolite. The artificially synthesized zeolum (RTM: Zeolite molecular sieves) is 3A type molecular sieve, 4A type molecular sieve, 5A type molecular sieve, 10 X type molecular sieve, 13 X type molecular sieve and sodium Y type molecular sieve or calcium Y type molecular sieve. Preferred Process: The step (a) further comprises adding the catalyst into the mixed solution of the proton exchange resin and the de-ionized water, where the mass ratio of the proton exchange resin to the catalyst is 1:5, then fully stirring the product to pasty state, then adding nanometer absorbing material and ultrasonically mixing the product to prepare the catalyst slurry with the nanometer absorbing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The lithium manganate crystals are formed as a thin film (2) on a substrate (3) containing carrier. The growth of thin film is performed by pulsed laser deposition method and sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method, sol gel process, chemical vapor deposition method or spray method under reducing environment having oxygen partial pressure of 1x 10-3 Torr or less, preferably 1x 10-6 Torr or less. The annealing process is carried out at 300 degrees C or more, preferably 700-750 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The carrier contains alumina or lithium cobaltate. The lithium manganate is of formula: Li1.3MnO2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The corrosion-resistant coating layer contains titanium nitride, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, chromium, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, copper, tin and/or silver, or titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide and/or aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The saturated hydrocarbon has a structure of formula (I).R=H or 1-6 alkyl;andn=1-12.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The cation polymeric compound contains an epoxy compound having a saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon group or 2 or more cyclohexyl groups in a repeating unit, preferably an oxetane compound having a hydroxyl group or an epoxy compound having a hydroxyl group, or an oxetane compound having a silicone skeleton or an epoxy compound having a silicone skeleton. Preferred Composition: The sealing agent further contains a flat inorganic powder as a filler, a silane coupling agent, and a curing retarder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The insulating material comprises spherical glass microballoons.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises rosin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon particles have ave. particle diameter of 0.005-0.08 mu m. Preferred Components: The catalyst microparticles in catalyst layer of cathode are platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compound (I) is (3,5-dimethyl-4 methyltoluoylene ether) polymer, (3,5-diethyl-4 methyltoluoylene ether) polymer, (3,5-methoxy-4 methyltoluoylene ether) polymer, or (3,5-ethoxy-4 methyltoluoylene ether) polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hose guide is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coating takes place via printing-, spraying-, rotolining- or dipping-process. The thermal treatment takes place at 250-360 degrees C. Preferred Components: The indium alkoxide is indium(III) alkoxide. The indium(III) alkoxide is an alkoxide of formula (In(OR)3). The amount of the indium alkoxide is 1-15, preferably 2.5-7.5 wt.%. The composition exhibits a viscosity of 1 mPas to 10 Pas. The substrate is glass, silicon, silicon dioxide, a metal, a transition metal oxide or a polymeric material.OR = 1-15C-alkoxy- or -oxyalkylalkoxy group, preferably OCH3, OCH2CH3, OCH2CH2OCH3, OCH(CH3)2 (preferred) or O(CH3)3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an aprotic or weak(ly) protic solvent, preferably isopropanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tert-butanol or toluene. EXAMPLE - A doped silicon substrate (with an edge length of 15 mm and silicon dioxide coating thickness of 200 nm) was coated with 5 wt.% of a solution (100 mu l) containing indium(II) isopropoxide in isopropanol per spin coating (2000 rotations per minute). In order to exclude water, dry solvents (with less than 200 ppm of water) were used and the coating was carried out further in a glove box. The coated substrate was thermally treated in air at 350 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain semiconductive indium oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or a combination of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sponge comprises natural sponge, sponge rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, vinyl nitrile rubber, polyvinyl alcohol or silicone. The containment material comprises one or more of natural resin, polymer, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, neoprene or vinyl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel is made of a material selected from a group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene or a mixture of polystyrene and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative electrode consists of alloy or compound of lithium metal or lithium. The aqueous solution electrolyte is pH buffer solution in which acetic acid and lithium acetate are dissolved.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A sealing element that extends across height of the filling space is made of foam material i.e. foam rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Solar Cell Lead: In the solar cell lead, the coated solder plating comprises a hot-dip solder plating layer formed by supplying a molten solder on the surface of the strip plate conductive material, where a plating temperature is set to be not higher than a liquids-line temperature of the used solder plus 120 degrees C, and an oxide film on a surface of the hot-dip solder plating layer is set to be not more than 7 nm in thickness. The strip plate conductive material is a flat wire having a volume resistivity of not more than 50 mu ohms.mm. The strip plate conductive material comprises one selected from copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag) and gold (Au). The strip plate conductive material comprises one selected from tough pitch Cu, low-oxygen Cu, oxygen-free Cu, phosphorus deoxidized Cu or high purity Cu having a purity of not less than 99.9999%. The hot-dip solder plating layer comprises a tin (Sn)-based solder, or, a Sn-based solder alloy using Sn as a first component and containing not less than 0.1 mass% of at least one element selected from lead (Pb), indium (In), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), Ag, zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and Cu as a second component. Alternatively, the solar cell lead, comprises: the solar cell lead is soldered by a solder in a hot-dip solder plating layer, or is bonded by a resin, to front and back surface electrode of a semiconductor substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nanoparticle matrix is titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide and/or indium oxide, or shell core structure formed comprising the nanoparticle oxides, preferably zinc oxide and/or titanium oxide. The rare-earth metal ion is cation of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and/or lutetium, preferably samarium, europium and/or terbium. The weight ratio of nanoparticle matrix and rare-earth metal ion is 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 2:1 to 1:2. The nanoparticle is prepared by solid phase technique, precipitation method, hydrothermal process, sol-gel method, micro-emulsion method, combustion method, spray pyrolysis or gas phase technique.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhering layer and back plate adhering layer are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carrier mobility of organic semiconductor material in layer (p or n) of counter electrode is greater than that of the carrier mobility of organic semiconductor material in layer (p or n) of transparent electrode. Preferred Composition: The p-type organic semiconductor material is porphyrin derivative. The n-type organic semiconductor material is fullerene derivative. Preferred Process: The fullerene derivative is a high molecular compound obtained by polymerizing polycyclic monomer compound of formula (I), or by performing polymerization crosslinking of polycyclic monomer compound of formula (II).R1-R4=(un)substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or silyl;L1-L4=(un)substituted alkylene, alkene diyl, alkyne diyl, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, silylene, ether, thioether, carbonyl, carboxy, amino or amide;n=2 or more;andG1-G2=polymerization group, which is joint strand of three-dimensional network structure.Preferred Layer: The photoelectric conversion layer has 2-5 layers of layer (i). The content of p-type organic semiconductor material and n-type organic semiconductor material in layer (i) is different. The photoelectric converting layer is formed by solution process. The photoelectric converting layer is formed using a material which is insoluble by 1 or more layers of photoelectric converting layers after solution process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer is an olefinic polymer. The olefinic polymer material is linear polyethylene. The nickel-63 (Ni-63) in combination with the organic polymer material is present at greater than or equal to 1 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium, indium, tin, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, terbium, thulium, and lanthanide metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The highly-fluorinated acid polymer is sulfonic acid and sulfonimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive polymer is unsubstituted polyaniline, polythiophene, poly(selenophene), poly(tellurophene), unsubstituted polypyrrole, poly(4-amino-indole), poly(7-amino-indole), polymeric fused polycyclic heteroaromatic, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly (3,4-ethyleneoxythiathiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene), poly(thieno(2,3-b)thiophene), poly(thieno(3,2-b)thiophene), and poly(thieno(3,4-b)thiophene) and/or copolymers. The non-fluorinated polymeric acid is polystyrene sulfonic acid and/or poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). The highly-fluorinated acid polymer is a perfluoroolefin having perfluoro-ether-sulfonic acid side chains. The highly-fluorinated acid polymer is copolymer of 1,1-difluoroethylene and 2-(1,1-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)allyloxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, a copolymer of ethylene and 2-(2-(1,2,2-trifluorovinyloxy)-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro(3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octenesulfonic acid), and a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro (3-oxa-4-pentenesulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component The organic solar cell has layer containing conductive polymer provided between anode and organic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode contains metal material chosen from aluminum-doped lithium fluoride, aluminum-calcium alloy, silver, copper and gold. The anode is transparent electrode including transparent conductive oxide formed on the substrate. The transparent conductive oxide is chosen from indium-tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide, indium-zinc-tin oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium-tin-oxide-silver-indium-tin oxide, indium-zinc-oxide-silver-indium-tin oxide, indium-zinc-tin-oxide-silver-indium-zinc-tin oxide, and aluminum-zinc-oxide-silver-aluminum-zinc-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonate and their derivatives. The organic layer contains donor and acceptor. The donor is chosen from polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyvinyl carbazole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene, poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). The acceptor is chosen from fullerene (C60), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole), cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, titania and zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The condensing nanoparticle consists of indium tin-oxide, chromium molybdenum powder metal, molybdenum powder, indium-zinc oxide, copper-gallium, zinc oxide/alumina, etc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The high reflecting nano metal particle consists of copper, aluminum, silver or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric condensing plate is made of polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer. The polymeric thin-plate plastic piece is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol , acrylonitrile styrene-butadiene rubber, etc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The guide plate is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion units comprise films chosen from amorphous silicon film, amorphous carborundum film, amorphous germanium-silicon film, monocrystal silicon film, polysilicon film, microcrystalline silicon film, nano silicon film, copper-indium-selenium alloy film, copper-indium-gallium-selenium alloy film, cadmium telluride film or mercury cadmium telluride film. The transparent electrode comprises fluorine-doped tin oxide film, indium tin oxide film, or aluminum-doped zinc oxide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent substrate contains glass, high polymer material and/or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorosilicate, lithium tetraphenylborate, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium chloroaluminate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium triflate, LiC4F9SO3, LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), and lithium iodide. The additive further comprises film-forming agent comprising carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, vinylene carbonate, carbonic allyl ester, and lithium carbonate.x, y=positive integers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is gamma -butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfite, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-methylacetamide, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The additive is methyl ethyl ether methyl carbonic ester, diethoxy diethyl ether, tetrapolyethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, triethylene-glycol methyl ethyl ether, tetrapolyethyleneglycol methyl phenol ether, dodecyl hexa-polyoxyethylene sodium sulfate or nonyl deca-polyoxyethylene potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The material is prepared by inputting oxygen under 1 mTorr-1 Torr at 120-300 degrees C, mixing oxygen with argon to form a working gas under 10-100 Torr, and sputtering II-VI-group semiconductor material with the purity of more than 99.9995%. Preferred Contents: The doped oxygen concentration of material is 1018-1021 cm3. The thickness of film is 500-5000 nm. Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises film base, n-type semiconductor, buffer layer, light absorption layer, and p-type semiconductor, with film as light absorption layer. The solar cell further comprises metal located on the n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor and forming the two poles of a cell. The film base is plastic or glass; n-type semiconductor is n-type doped zinc oxide or zinc magnesium oxide; buffer layer is zinc selenide; p-type semiconductor is p-type doped zinc telluride; and metal is nickel alloy, titanium alloy, nickel copper alloy and titanium copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nickel plating liquid further contains phosphorus, iron and boron. The nitridation process is a gas-nitriding process which is performed using nitridation gas containing nitrogen gas or ammonia gas, or nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, or ion-nitriding process which is performed using plasma containing nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: 90 Wt.% or more of the polymer which forms the nonwoven fabric is polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of oxidizing agent washed from the supported catalyst is 0.3-3 mol/L. Preferred Properties: The metal surface area of the supported catalyst is 40 m2/g or more. The removal rate of aggregation inhibitor from the supported catalyst is 40% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide. The aggregation inhibitor is nitrogen atom-containing organic compound and/or oxygen atom-containing organic compound. The organic solvent is water, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, methylene chloride, chloroform and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of electrolyte with respect to the amount of carbon in the chalcogenide catalyst is preferably 0.6-1, more preferably 0.6-0.8. The chalcogenide catalyst is of formula: MM'X. The chalcogenide catalyst is preferably ruthenium-molybdenum sulfide (RuMoS).M=molybdenum, tungsten or rhenium;M'=transition metal elements, preferably ruthenium, osmium or rhodium;andX=sulfur, selenium or tellurium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The active layer contains porphyrin compound, phthalocyanine compound or conjugated polymer as electron donor, and fullerene compound as electron acceptor. The porphyrin compound is benzoporphyrin compound of formula (II or III) formed by heat conversion from a soluble precursor. The layer containing benzo phosphole (I) is formed and annealed at 50-250 degrees C.Z1a-Z4a,Z1b-Z4b,R4-R7=H, halo or monovalent organic group;Z1a+Z1b,Z2a+Z2b,Z3a+Z3b,Z4a+Z4b=ring;andM=bivalent metal atom or atomic group coupled with metal having valence of 3 or more and other atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is phosphoric acid. The filter comprises ferric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanopowder comprises tungsten carbide, silicon dioxide, and/or titanium dioxide. The catalyst support further comprises ruthenium oxide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten nitride, or molybdenum nitride nanowires. The catalyst metal comprises platinum, gold, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and/or alloys or mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The housing comprises aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, ceramic or polymer. The ceramic comprises silicon nitride, silicon carbide, sialon, alumina or zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutyleneterephthalate or perfluoroalkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: In the cylinder type secondary battery above, the support plate comprises an insulating material. The insulating material is polyethylene or polypropylene. A portion of the bent section is adjacent to and overlaps the peripheral edge of the support plate. The support plate and the upper insulating plate comprise the same material. The support plate has a central through-hole. It is circular, rectangular or hexagonal. A thickness of the support plate is from about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm. A length from the center of the upper insulating plate to the peripheral edge of the support plate is from about 85% to about 97% of a length of the first electrode tab extending from a center of the upper insulating plate to a periphery of the bent section. The upper insulating plate and the support plate are integral to one another; or the upper insulating plate and the support plate are modular. Thickness of the central section of the upper insulating plate is from about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm thicker than a thickness of the peripheral section of the upper insulating plate. Length from the center of the upper insulating plate to the peripheral edge of the central section is from about 85% to about 97% of a length of the first electrode tab extending from a center of the upper insulating plate to a periphery of the bent section. Radius of curvature of the bent section is from about 0.5 mm to about 0.6 mm. The support plate is circular, rectangular or hexagonal. Preferred Method: In assembling cylinder type secondary battery, radius of curvature of the bent section remains substantially the same when pressing the cap assembly. Pressing the cap assembly compresses the bead portion formed around the periphery of the can.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The multiport tubes are formed of aluminum or copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The support material comprises carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nano-powder comprises silver-containing nanoparticles (202), and has density of 0.25 g/cm3. The silver-containing nano-particles comprise silver alloy. The volume ratio of ionomer and silver is 1:0.7-1:1.5, preferably 1:0.9-1:1.1. The catalyst coated membrane is formed using ink containing mixture of silver containing nanoparticles and solution of hydroxide-ion conducting ionomer in solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionomer comprises polymer having poly(arylene) backbone. The content of ionomer with respect to silver nanoparticles is 0-10 weight%. The hydroxide-ion conducting ionomer is chosen from poly(arylene) having tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxide functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The membrane comprises conformal coating, polymer material, elastomeric polymer material, or thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silane coupling agent is chosen from N-(( beta )-aminoethyl)-( gamma )-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and N-(( beta )-aminoethyl)-( gamma )-aminopropyl methyl-dimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component (A) is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer including 85-99 %mass of structural unit derived from ethylene, or ethylene acrylate copolymer including 85-99 %mass of structural unit derived from ethylene. The ethylene polymer is linear ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer with density of 895-941 g/m3. Preferred Properties: The component (A) has melting point of 94-120 degrees C. The melt flow rate of component (A) and component (B) is each 0.1-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g based on JIS K7210-1999.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The components of the system are controlled through a shared serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The support structure contains metal oxide or metal phosphate of titanium, zirconium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, yttrium, molybdenum, indium or tin. The catalyst particles contain noble metal(s) or transition metal(s). The noble metal is chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and its alloy. The transition metal is chosen from cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, manganese, vanadium, titanium, zirconium and chromium. The intermediate layer contains boron-doped-diamond, graphitized carbon, diamond-type carbon, carbide and/or conductive polymer. Preferred Process: The method further involves depositing intermediate material on support structure, and chemically dissolving the intermediate material to provide the voids which expose surface on support structure. The catalyst particles are deposited in voids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, methylisobutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxy ethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and/or fluorides of the trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and trioctyl phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first insulator and the second insulator is a stacked layer including materials consisting of acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyimide amide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, resist, silicon oxide film containing nitrogen and a silicon nitride film containing oxygen. The separator includes fluorine-based polymer, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polybutadiene, polystyrene, polyisoprene, polyurethane, cellulose, paper, and/or non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder consists of polyvinylalcohols, carboxylmethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, diacetylcelluloses, polyvinylchlorides, carboxylated polyvinylchlorides, polyvinylfluorides, ethylene oxide-containing polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyurethanes, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyvinylidene fluorides, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, styrene-butadiene rubbers, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubbers, epoxy resins and/or nylons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide of titanium oxides, niobium oxides, hafnium oxides, indium oxides, tin oxides and/or zinc oxides. The metal oxide has a nanostructure comprising nanotubes, nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 20-50 wt.% of the metal oxide powder and 0.1-10 wt.% of the dye containing compound, and the balance of the paste composition comprises the binder solution. The binder composition comprises a solvent and tert-butanol in a weight ratio of 1:1-1:10. Preferred Components: The dyes include ruthenium complexes, xanthene colorants, cyanine colorants, basic dyes, phenosafranine, Capri blue, thiosine, methylene blue, porphyrinoid compounds, azo colorants, phthalocyanine compounds, anthraquinone colorants and/or polycyclic quinone colorants. The dye includes ruthenium trisbipyridyl, Rhodamine B, Rose Bengal, eosin, erythrosine, quinocyanine, cryptocyanine, chlorophyll, zinc porphyrin and/or magnesium porphyrin. The solvent comprises water, glycols, glycerols, or an acetate-based solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material contains oxide, nitride or sulfide of silicon, aluminum, chromium, zirconium, tantalum, titanium, manganese, magnesium and/or zinc. The insulating film has thickness of 5-500 nm, preferably 10-200 nm. The electrically insulating substrate has flexibility. A positive electrode active material film (40) of the battery contains oxide of manganese, cobalt, iron, phosphorus, nickel and/or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The refraction layer is made of polyethylene films or polypropylene plastic films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light-proof agent is titanium pigment, or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer comprises (in wt.%) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (59-79), light-proof agent (20-40), cross-linking firming agent (0.1-5), antioxidant (0.001-2), ultraviolet absorber (0.01-2), and light stabilizer (0.01-2). The mass ratio of polyester material to ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to adhesive layer material is 100:30-70:10-20. Preferred Properties: The thickness of fluorine-containing layer, interlayer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is 5-50 microns, 50-300 microns and 100-800 microns, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Step (A) includes simultaneously sputtering and depositing back electrodes with thickness of 0.5-0.8 mu m using two aluminum-doped zinc oxide or gallium-doped zinc oxide targets. Step (C) includes simultaneously depositing zinc sulfide thin film buffer layers with thickness of 100-150 nm using thermal evaporation, in which the substrate temperature is controlled at 200 degrees C. Step (E) includes simultaneously sputtering and depositing transparent electrodes with thickness of 400-800 nm using two boron-doped zinc oxide or gallium-doped zinc oxide targets.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The covering film is made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The adhesive layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate or transparent silicone resin. The back covering film is made of ETFE, PTFE, FEP, or PVDF. Preferred Properties: The covering film can stably work at - 85 to 85 degrees C and has thickness of 25 mu m and light transmittance of greater than 90%. The adhesive layer can stably work at - 85 to 85 degrees C and has thickness of 40-80 mu m and transmissivity of greater than 90%. The back covering film can stably work at - 85 to 85 degrees C and has thickness of 25 mu m and light transmittance of greater than 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The p-type nano particle is selected from copper oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or titanium dioxide. The n-type nanoparticle is selected from zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, ferric oxide, gallium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese dioxide, hausmannite, niobium pentoxide, lead oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, tantalum pentoxide, barium titanate, vanadium pentoxide, tungsten trioxide and zirconium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from copper, indium or titanium. Another metal is selected from zinc, barium, bismuth, boron, calcium, cerium, chromium, iron, gallium, lithium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, niobium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The olefin polymerization catalyst is metallocene compound of formula: Cp1-M(-Cp2)-Xn (I) or organoaluminum compound of formula: -(Al(-R1)-O)q- (II) or R2-Al-(-R4)-R3 (III), or supported catalyst. The olefin is 2-20C ( alpha )-olefin, 4-20C diolefin, 3-20C cycloolefin, 4-20C cyclodiolefin, styrene or styrene derivative, preferably propylene.X=1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 1-20C alkylsilyl, 1-20C silylalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C arylalkyl, 7-20C alkylaryl, 6-20C arylsilyl, 6-20C silylaryl, 1-20C alkoxy, 1-20C alkylsiloxy, 6-20C aryloxy, halo or amino;M=element of group 3-10 in periodic table;n,p=1-5;Cp1,Cp2=ligand having cyclopentadienyl structure optionally substituted by group of formula (i or ii);R=H, 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 1-20C alkylsilyl, 1-20C silylalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C arylalkyl, 7-20C alkylaryl, 6-20C arylsilyl, 6-20C silylaryl, 1-20C alkoxy, 1-20C alkylsiloxy, 6-20C aryloxy, halo or amino;Z=metal of group 15 or 16 in periodic table;m=1-2;q=1-70;R1=1-10C alkyl;andR2-R4=1-10C alkyl, 1-10 alkoxy or halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin blend further contains silica, alumina, bauxite, zeolite, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, titania, boron oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, thorium oxide, silica-magnesium oxide, silica-titania, silica-alumina, silica-vanadium pentoxide, silica-chromium oxide, silica-titania-magnesium oxide, starch, cyclodextrin and/or synthetic polymer. Preferred Definitions:    M=element of group 4 in period table;and    Cp1,Cp2=cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The impurity is boron or phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Paste: The paste contains silicon oxide substrate (10-30 wt.%), organic binder (5-20 wt.%), impurity (3-15 wt.%), catalyst (1-10 wt.%) and organic solvent (30-70 wt.%). The silicon oxide substrate is chosen from alkoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane and their mixture. Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol acetate, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, trimethylene glycol, glyceryl diacetate, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, xylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and glycerin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, nylon 6, nitrocellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide resin, starch, polyether polyol, polyether urea-polyurethane, and cellulose derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The protective film is silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film or their mixture. The protective film has thickness of more than 300 nm. Preferred Paste: The etching paste contains acid component (15-50 wt.%), macromolecular binder (5-20 wt.%) and organic solvent (30-80 wt.%). The etching paste has viscosity of 50-150 Pa.second. The acid component is chosen from phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, and ammonium hydrogen fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol acetate, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, trimethylene glycol, glyceryl diacetate, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, xylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and glycerin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, nylon 6, nitrocellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide resin, starch, polyether polyol, polyether urea-polyurethane, and cellulose derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron receptor contains fullerene chosen from C60, C70 and C84, preferably (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer (I) has molecular weight of 10000-30000 and molecular weight distribution of 1.5-5. Preferred Composition: The electron donor contains poly(3-hexylthiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), carbazole-substituted polysiloxane, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polyfluorene and/or polypyridine. The solar battery further has hole implant layer provided between anode and photoactive layer. The hole implant layer contains poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrene-sulfonate), carbazole-substituted polysiloxane, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine and/or their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic solar cell further has a charge transport layer (i) provided between the electrode (a) and organic active layer and a charge transport layer (ii) provided between the electrode (b) and organic active layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic active layer further contains an electron acceptor material, and an electron donor material comprising poly(phenylene vinylene) type polymer or poly(3-hexylthiophene) type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal is chosen from zinc, aluminum, barium, bismuth, calcium, cerium, chromium, iron, gallium, indium, lithium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, niobium, lead, antimony, tin, strontium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, tungsten and zirconium. The nanoparticles is made of metal oxide or carbonate. The metal oxide is chosen from zinc oxide, alumina, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, niobium oxide, lead oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, barium titanate, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide and zirconium oxide. The carbonate is barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, lithium carbonate, strontium carbonate and manganese carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt further comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoro ethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methene, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and lithium bisoxalatoborate. The organic solvent is chosen from dimethylsulfoxide, acrylonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, tetrahydrofuran, ethylpropionate, propyl propionate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, preferably ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Clay: The clay is chosen from montmorillonite, bentonite, hectorite, saponite, attapulgite, sepiolite and vermiculite, preferably montmorillonite. The amount of alkyl ammonium-substituted clay is 10-15 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polymer compound. The carbon number of alkyl ammonium is 5-50. The alkyl ammonium-substituted clay is chosen from dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium, dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2-ethylhexyl quaternary ammonium, methyl tallow bis-2-hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium, octylammonium chloride, dodecylammonium chloride and octadecyl ammonium chloride, preferably dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium. Preferred Component: The composite material further contains lithium salt (1-50) and plasticizer (0.1-50) with respect to polymer compound (100). The lithium slat is chosen from lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonylimide and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plasticizer is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate, methyl propionate and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer compound is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneglycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene oxide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene carbonate, polyvinyl pyrrolidinone, and their mixture. The polymer compound has weight average molecular weight of 1000-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thioamide compound is chosen from N,N-dimethyl methylthiocarbamate, N,N-diethyl methylthiocarbamate, N,N-dimethyl ethylthiocarbamate, N,N-diethyl ethylthiocarbamate, N-methyl-N-ethyl methoxyethylthiocarbamate, N-methyl-N-ethyl methoxy methylthiocarbamate, N-methoxy-N-methyl methylthiocarbamate and N-methoxy-N-methylethylthiocarbamate. The negative ion of lithium salt is chosen from fluorine ion, chlorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion and nitrate ion. The molar ratio of lithium salt and thioamide compound is 8:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte obtained by polymerizing a precursor solution containing vinyl monomer and eutectic mixture. The vinyl monomer is chosen from acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, methylacrylate, methacrylonitrile, methylstyrene, vinyl ester compound, polyvinylchloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylamide, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylacetate, vinyl chloride, methylvinylketone and styrene. The molar ratio of eutectic mixture and precursor solution containing monomer is 0.5-0.95:0.05-0.5. The polymer of electrolyte is chosen from polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene oxide and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate. Preferred Definitions:    R,R1,R2=methyl, ethyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl or methoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The dye-sensitized solar cell has an anode (200) including a transparent substrate (210), a transparent conductive oxide layer (220) and a platinum layer (230), a cathode (100) including a transparent substrate (110), a transparent conductive oxide layer (120) and a nano-oxide layer (130), and a gel-type polymer electrolyte coating layer (500).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photopolymerization initiator is chosen from ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, ( alpha )-methylbenzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, ( alpha )-acryloxime ester, alpha , alpha -diethoxy acetophenone, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenylketone, anthraquinone, 2-anthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropyl thioxanthone, chloro thioxanthone, benzophenone, rho -chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate and Michler's ketone. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel-type polymer electrolyte further contains a photopolymerization initiator, an oxidation-reduction derivative and an organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The glycol ether compound (5-80 weight%) is chosen from monoethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, pentaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether. Preferred Composition: The wafer-treating agent composition further contains organic acid and/or inorganic acid and surfactant (0.1-50 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangements: The dye sensitized solar cell comprises flexible substrate, and transparent conductive film, semiconductor photosensitive layer, electrolyte solution, platinum electrode and fixable substrate provided sequentially on the flexible substrate. The polymer solar cell comprises flexible substrate, and transparent conductive film, electron donor layer, electron receptor layer, platinum electrode and a fixable substrate sequentially provided on the flexible substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive film is indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor photosensitive layer is titanium dioxide thin film doped with (cis-bis(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)dithiocyanato ruthenium (II)) or cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2-bipyridyl-4,4 dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) bis(tetrabutylammonium).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol and/or acetone. The dispersing agent is nitric acid or acetic acid. The pore forming agent is terpineol, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol and/or Triton X-100 (RTM: surfactant)    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is polymethylmethacrylate, yeast powder, soluble starch or carbon powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nanolayer is mixture of silica, titanium dioxide, alumina and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The high fluoride crystal combination coatings are formed by mixing modified difluoro coating material and trifluoroethylene coating material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The PET layer comprises PET crystal combination layer, nanolayer, and fire resistance layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The wet organic solar cell is a dye-sensitized solar cell which has a structure in which the photoelectric conversion layer is positioned. The dye-sensitized solar cell has a structure, in which the conductive substrate (I) having a laminate of a transparent substrate/transparent conductive film/metal oxide semiconductor film which adsorbed the dye, and substrate (II) which opposes the conductive substrate, are arranged through the sealing layer provided in the periphery portion of both substrates in frame-like form. The electrolyte solution is enclosed in the clearance gap, between both the substrates, formed using the sealing layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition further contains (in parts mass) polyfunctional (meth)acrylate (10 or less) and carboxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate (10 or less) with respect to monofunctional (meth)acrylate (100). Preferred Process: An ultraviolet-ray with energy flux density of 270 mW/cm2 is irradiated to a circular coating film consisting of photocurable composition formed on a plastic film, for 5 seconds by high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp. The transparent substrate/transparent conductive film of two sheets are made to oppose at each transparent-conductive-film side. Preferred Properties: The circular coating film has thickness of 100 mu m and diameter of 50 mm. When photocuring the coating film, the decrease rate of the mass of the coating film after photocuring with respect to the mass of the coating film before ultraviolet irradiation, is 1.50 % or less. The T-peel adhesive force of the sample bonded together through the optical curing material layer with thickness of 100 mu m formed from the photocurable composition, measured under temperature of 23 degrees C, relative humidity of 50% and at a rate of 50 mm/minute, is 0.65 N/10 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electroconductive layer (3) is formed by coating and drying a solution of metal salt which is a precursor of metal microparticles to the base material, and reduction-precipitating precursor of metal microparticles by heating, ultraviolet-irradiation or using a reducing gas. The base material is surface-treated, before coating the metal microparticle dispersion or solution of metal salt. Preferred Property: The electroconductive layer (5) has resistance with respect to electrolytic solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains an adhesive agent chosen from acrylic-type adhesive agent and polyester-type adhesive. Preferred Process: Alternately, the transparent conductive substrate is obtained by coating and drying metal microparticle dispersion on base material to form mesh-shaped electroconductive layer (3), laminating transparent adhesive layer to to-be-transferred substrate, bonding and heat-pressing electroconductive-layer surface and to-be-transferred substrate, thermally-transferring transfer layer to to-be-transferred substrate and laminating electroconductive layer (5) on surface of transfer layer. The electroconductive layer (3) is heat-processed and/or chemically-processed, before lamination of the adhesive layer. The electroconductive layer (3) does not contact the to-be-transferred substrate. Preferred Properties: The thickness of adhesive layer is more than the height of electroconductive layer (3). The maximum level difference of electroconductive layer (3) and adhesive layer is 300 nm or less. The surface surface-resistance value of the transfer layer is 5 Omega /square or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The protection sheet further consists of a surface protective layer (11) containing weather-resistant resins and pigment, and an adhesive layer (12).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The transparent conductive film further has inorganic thin film layer and thin film laminate. The inorganic thin film layer and film layer are laminated in turns between base material and transparent conductive film layer. The surface of side of base material is adjoined with transparent conductive film layer. The thin film laminate is formed by alternately laminating low-refractive-index thin film single layer and high-refractive-index thin film single layer, or high-refractive-index thin film layer and low-refractive-index thin film layer(s). The structure of transparent conductive film satisfies following relations: (C/(B/D)x n)/B/A, (C/(B/D)x n)/B/A, (C/(D/B)x n)/D/A or (C/(D/B)x n)/A, where n is 1 or more, A is hard-coat layer, B is film layer, C is transparent conductive film layer and D is inorganic thin film layer. Preferred Composition: The inorganic thin film layer contains silica. Preferred Property: The transparent conductive film has aasterisk value of -3 to 3 and basterisk value of -2 to 2, measured by Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyethylene-terephthalate layer or polyethylene-naphthalate layer is heated to 30-130 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biomass plastic and/or biodegradable resin are polylactic acid. In manufacture of gas-barrier laminate, water or a medium containing water (95 %mass or more) is used for the cellulose-fiber suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass filler is glass tissue. The inorganic composition layer contains oxide, nitride or oxynitride of silicon, tantalum, niobium, aluminum, indium, tungsten, tin, zinc, titanium, copper, cerium, calcium, sodium, boron, lead, magnesium, phosphorus, barium, germanium, lithium, potassium and/or zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: An ultraviolet curable resin composition containing acrylate monomer, or epoxy-type ultraviolet curable resin composition is laminated on both surfaces of plastic sheet, and hardened layer is formed. An inorganic composition layer is laminated on surface(s) of plastic sheet. Preferred Composition: The transparent resin contains curable resin composition having epoxy resin as main component. The plastic sheet contains crosslinked component cured using curing material having acid anhydride-type hardening agent, or cured using cationic curing catalyst. The epoxy resin contains cycloaliphatic epoxy resin as structural component. The epoxy-type ultraviolet curable resin composition contains alicyclic epoxy compound. The plastic sheet further has transparent conductive layer having light transmittance of 70% or more formed on single surface of plastic sheet. Preferred Properties: The difference between refractive index of the transparent resin and refractive index of the glass filler is 0.01 or more. The refractive index of the glass filler is 1.45-1.60.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sulfonic-acid group-containing structural unit is of formula (I). The fused-aromatic-ring structure-containing structural unit is of formula (II).Y'=-CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, direct bond, -(CF2)u or -C(CF3)2-;Z=direct bond, -(CH2)l, -C(CH3)2-, -O- or -S-;Ar=aromatic group substituted by -SO3H, -O(CH2)pSO3H or -C(CF2)pSO3H;A,D'=direct bond, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -(CF2)i-, -(CH2)j-, -CR'2, cyclohexylidene group or fluorenylidene group;R'=aliphatic hydrocarbyl, aromatic hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl;B'=oxygen or sulfur;R1-R16=H, allyl, aryl, nitro, nitrile group, fluoro or alkyl optionally substituted by halo;u,l,i,j=1-10;p=1-12;m,n=0-3;s,t=0-4;r=0 or 1;andk=1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer particles further contain carboxyl group-containing structural unit. Preferred Property: The polymer particles have average particle diameter of 1 nm to 1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film further contains a thin film layer containing inorganic substance or organic substance, preferably silicon oxide (SiOx).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture contains monoacrylate and/or diacrylate whose sum content is 50 weight% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: When voltage measurement is performed for the transparent conductive film using the polyacetal pen having a diameter of 8 mm, in 100000 reciprocations at a rate of 3 reciprocations/1 second, and one-way distance of 35 mm under a load of 250 g, the difference between the actual value and value obtained by carrying out co-linear approximation is 1% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic composition further comprises gelatinizer. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=optionally substituted aryl;and    R5-R8=optionally substituted alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foam sheet is an ethylene propylene-diene copolymer rubber foam sheet, a polyurethane type resin foam sheet or a polyethylene type resin foam sheet. The adhesive layer contains the butyl rubber adhesive or the acrylic adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The fluorine compound has hydroxyl value of 5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The mass ratio of polymer of polymerizable boron-containing compound and fluorine compound is 5/95-60/40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic hardened component contains elastomer hardened component of sealing material chosen from silicone sealing material, modified silicone sealing material, fluorine-type polymer sealing material, acryl urethane sealing material and polyisobutylene sealing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface of base material has transparent electrode film containing metal oxide chosen from indium oxide-tin oxide-type complex oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal comprised in metal nanoparticles (A) is noble metal, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersion medium (B) is chosen from aliphatic polyhydric alcohol, cellosolve, cellosolve acetate, carbitol and carbitol acetate, preferably 2-4C alkylene glycol. The mass ratio of dispersion medium (B) and dispersal auxiliary agent (C) is 90:10-30:70. The protective colloid (A2) comprises organic compound (A2-1) having carboxyl group and polymer dispersing agent (A2-2). The organic compound (A2-1) is chosen from 1-16C aliphatic carboxylic acid and aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably 1-6C alkanoic acid. The polymer dispersing agent (A2-2) has free carboxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersal auxiliary agent (C) is hydrophilic oligomer or polymer having number average molecular weight of 180-2200, preferably 2-4C polyalkylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The bivalent metal oxide is chosen from zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Preferred Property: The coloring agent has refractive index of 1.9-2.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of coloring agent is 10 parts mass or more, preferably 30 parts mass or less with respect to ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer (100 parts mass). Preferred Compound: The ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid aqueous gel comprises water and sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic material comprises a hydrophilic polymer. The polymer is crosslinked. The hydrophilic material is in the form of granules or fibers. The fibers are incorporated into the electrically-conductive resin, such that they form one or more channels for a liquid. The electrically-conductive resin comprises a carbon composite or graphite. EXAMPLE - Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (5 g) was added to divinylbenzene (5 g). Dichloromethane (22 g) was then added with a thermal initiator (azoisobutyronitrile) (0.2 g). The resulting solution was stirred with the monomer mixture until it had gone into solution after which graphite powder (23.3 g) was added and mixed using a spatula. The mixture was covered in parafilm and the solvent was allowed to evaporate off over night to give the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The ceramic component is chosen from silicon carbide-carbon composite component, silicon carbide-silicon composite sintered compact, silicon carbide sintered compact, silicon nitride sintered compact and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The capsule comprises silicon carbide sintered compact, silicon carbide-silicon composite sintered compact, silicon carbide-type filament composite material, boron carbide sintered compact, silicon nitride sintered compact, boron nitride sintered compact and/or graphite. The high-temperature thermal storage component has thermal storage material comprising sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and/or lithium hydride. The low-temperature thermal storage component has thermal storage material comprising aluminum chloride, iron chloride, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic fine particles are inorganic-oxide particles, preferably mesoporous inorganic fine particles containing 2 or more types of metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ionic liquid is preferably a quaternary ammonium compound of formula: (R2)-N+(-R1)(-R3)-R4.X- or an imidazolium compound of formula (I). The electrolytic composition further contains a polymeric compound, preferably an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.R1-R4=optionally substituted alkyl;any 2 groups of R1-R4+N=ring;Rp,Rr=alkyl;andRq,Rs,Rt=H or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the system, a photonic layer is arranged on the plastic molded body. The photonic layer is arranged by a dielectric interference filter, which is formed as an edge filter or a bandpass filter. The photonic layer is made from photonic crystals or made as an inverse opal. A flat reflector is placed under the plastic molded body, where a mirror or a white film or plate is used as the reflector. The photonic layer is arranged on the plastic molded body and a reflector is arranged under the plastic molded body.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic molded body is multilayered. The plastic molded body is made from: several individual plastic molded bodies, which are colored with the fluorescent dye; or individual bonded plastic molded bodies, which are colored with the fluorescent dye. The plastic molded body is made of several plastic molded body obtained by polymerization of one or more plastic molded body, which are colored with at least one fluorescent dye, between two other plastic molded bodies that are dyed with at least one fluorescent dye. Preferred Components: The plastic molded body is colored with: at least one organic fluorescent dye based on rylene, perylene, terylene and/or quaterylene; at least one dye-based complex lanthanide compounds; and at least one dye-based nanoscopic semiconductor structures (quantum dots).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The imidazole is N-vinylimidazole or N-allylimidazole. The iodoalkane is iodo-n-propane, iodo-n-butane, or iodo-n-hexane. The solvent in electrolyte is carbonate (preferably mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate at ratio of 6:4), nitrile (preferably acetonitrile), or low-viscosity ionic liquid (preferably 1-methyl-3-propylimidazole).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The transparent baseplate may be made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The transparent baseplate may be made of metallic film or metal plate. The transparent baseplate is transparent conducting baseplate comprising stannic oxide mixed with fluorine, indium oxide mixed with tin, zinc oxide mixed with aluminum, stannic oxide, or stannic oxide mixed with antinomy. The light-absorbing parts comprise high energy gap metal oxide and dye molecules adhering to metal oxide surface for absorbing light. The high energy gap metal oxide comprises titanium dioxide, ferric oxide and tungsten oxide. The antipodal layer comprises platinum metallic film, platinum metal particle and graphite. The first and second wires are silver wires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent baseplate is made of polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene naphthalate, or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dye-sensitized TiO2 thin film electrode is prepared by drying TiO2 electrode in an oven at 80 degrees C for 2 hours, immersing in DMF solution of TAMnPc for 5-24 hours, repeatedly washing with alcohol, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic metal particles are microparticles of composite metal compound containing at least 2 types of metal like magnesium and aluminum, whose valences of positive charge differs. The molar ratio of magnesium with respect to aluminum is 2-3. The inorganic fine particles are natural or synthetic hydrotalcite (Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3.3.5H2O). The content of adsorption agent is 0.2-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The inorganic fine particles have a refractive index of 1.45-1.54 and pH of 9 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 5-50 parts mass and the content of cross-linking agent is 0.1-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate (S1) comprises dual layer barrier, in which first layer comprises inorganic buffer layer having carbon content, and second layer comprises inorganic barrier layer, in which carbon content is greater than or equal to 2%, and in which first layer is 3-50 nm thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Fuel Cell Stack: The reactant is fuel and the reactant ports are fuel ports. The one end of the stack is the positive end. The fuel ports in the separator plate at the one end of the stack do not contain plugs, and where the separator plates comprise carbon. The frames in the framed membrane electrode assemblies comprise thermoplastic polyimide. The fuel pressure is less than 7 psi. The stack is also air cooled. Each separator plate comprises inlet and outlet reactant ports that form inlet and outlet internal reactant manifolds, respectively, when stacked together in the fuel cell stack, and the frame of the framed membrane electrode assembly at the one end of the stack has no openings adjacent the reactant ports in the neighboring separator plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The solar cell has electroconductive substrate made of steel, aluminum, titanium or metal oxide-coated metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The dye is chosen from ruthenium bipyridyl complex, coumarin, phthalocyanine, squaraine, indoline and triarylamine dye. Preferred Compound: The cosorbent is chosen from tertiary butyl pyridine, pH buffer and chenodeoxycholic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst is chosen from hopcalite and noble metal-supported catalyst. The carbon dioxide adsorptive substance does not require water for adsorption of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide adsorptive substance is chosen from strontium oxide, zeolite having pore diameter of 0.4 nm or more and magnesium oxide whose Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area is 50 m2/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molded product further contains carbon dioxide adsorptive substance (1-300 parts mass). The oxidation process is performed by providing a molded product which consists of a resin composition containing resin, carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst and carbon dioxide adsorptive substance in the container. The absorption process is performed by providing carbon dioxide adsorptive substance in the container. The resin is ethylene resin composition containing ethylene polymer and modified ethylene-type resin. Preferred Property: The molded product is in the form of film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The partial structure (I) is of formula (II or III, preferably IV, V or VI). The compound contains pyrrole group-containing partial structure (I) in 2 or more molecules, and is of formula (VII or VIII). The compound (VII) is low-molecular compound having molecular weight of less than 5000. The compound (VIII) is high-molecular compound having molecular weight of 5000 or more.X1-X8=optionally substituted carbon atom or nitrogen atom;Z3=Z2;R2-R16=R1;Z4,Z6=optionally substituted nitrogen-containing aromatic ring;Z5,Z7=optionally substituted aromatic ring or complex aromatic ring;p,r=0-4;q=2-6;ands=2-10000.Preferred Process: The layer containing compound having partial structure (I) is formed by solution coating method. Preferred layer: Alternately, the layer containing compound having partial structure (I) is provided between the bulk heterojunction layer and the cathode, and is a bulk heterojunction layer (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin film is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide-imide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-imide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyetheretherketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene, or polypropylene. The rubber seal is made of silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, natural rubber, fluoro rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene rubber or acrylic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The device utilizes an controller area network (CAN) interface module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filling is super-thick calcium carbonate, active nano-calcium, silicon micro-powder, quartz powder, kaolin or silica powder. The inorganic flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, active magnesium hydroxide, active aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate and/or basic zinc carbonate. The reinforcing filling is white carbon black prepared by precipitating method, white carbon black prepared by gaseous method, white carbon black prepared by surface modifying gaseous method or white carbon black prepared by surface modifying precipitating method. The cross-linking agent is methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, polytriethoxysiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane or phenyltrimethoxysilane. The silane coupling agent is 3-glycidylpropyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -acryloyloxy propyl trimethoxy silane, N-( beta -aminoethyl)- alpha -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -aminomethyl triethoxysilane and/or aniline methyl triethoxy silane. The chain extender is methyl vinyl di(N-methyl acetylamino)silane and/or dimethyldi(N-methyl acetylamino) silane. The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, isopropyl titanate, butyl titanate or titanate chelate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The reflector has a reflectivity which is high for long wave, near infra red, and red to green light, moderate for blue light, and low for ultraviolet light. The reflector has a concave configuration. Preferred Components: The reflector further comprises layer (ii) of reflective aluminum applied to the lower surface of substrate, a protective coating connected with layers (i and ii) of aluminum, and a layer of corrugated metal between substrate and layer (ii) of reflective aluminum, and a seal connected with reflector along an edge to prevent moisture from contacting substrate. The reflective material comprises a synthetic plastic film and color material is doped on film to absorb ultraviolet light and at least a portion of blue light.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflective material comprises metal like aluminum. The coating comprises sol-gel overcoat or fluorocarbon overcoat. The layer (i) of aluminum is anodized and dyed by ferric ammonium oxalate or ferric sodium oxalate. The layer (ii) of reflective aluminum is coated with a color material which is stable to ultraviolet light.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The color material comprises gold color dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is formed of a polymer material, a wood material to prevent sagging of reflector, or polymer material containing a wood filler material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The titanium compound is titanium oxide particles having average particle diameter of 10 nm or less and/or titanium complex. The titanium complex is chosen from titanium pyridine complex, titanium ammine complex, peroxo titanium complex, titanium ethylenediamine acetic acid complex, titanium acetylacetone complex, titanium acetic acid complex, titanium citric-acid complex, titanium oxalic acid complex, titanium tetramethylammonium hydroxide complex and/or titanium complex having 2 or more ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The crosslinked acrylic resin particles have average particle diameter of 10 nm to 1 mu m. Preferred Process: The crosslinked acrylic resin particles are obtained by carrying out emulsion polymerization of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, emulsion polymerization of 1-20C alkyl (meth)acrylate in presence of an internal crosslinking agent, or emulsion polymerization of vinyl-type polymeric compound having a functional group with active hydrogen and 1-20C alkyl (meth)acrylate, and crosslinking obtained emulsion of acrylic resin particles by adding external crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The distribution particle size (D50) of the carbon material is 2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin having basic functional group contains polymer (G1) and polymer (G2). The polymer (G1) is obtained by reacting isocyanate group of urethane pre-polymer (C1) having isocyanate group in both terminal, and primary and/or secondary amino group of polyamine (D1). The urethane pre-polymer (C1) having isocyanate group in both terminals is obtained by reacting terminal portion of hydroxy group of vinyl polymer (A1) and diisocyanate (B1). The obtained polymer (G1) has amine titer value of 1-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polymer (G2) is obtained by reacting primary and secondary amino group of polymer (C2) and isocyanate group of polyisocyanate (D2). The primary and secondary amino group of polymer (C2) is obtained by reacting (meth)acryloyl group of polymer (A2) having (meth)acryloyl group(s) in the terminal portion, and primary and/or secondary amino group of polyamine. The obtained polymer (G2) has amine titer value of 5-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The vinyl polymer (A1) is obtained by radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a12) in the presence of compound (a11) having two hydroxy group and one thiol group in a molecule. The polymer (A2) having (meth)acryloyl group(s) in the terminal portion contains vinyl polymer or polyester. Preferred Composition: The battery composition further contains solvent, positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material, and binder component other than resin having basic functional group. The binder component is the high molecular compound containing fluorine in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode is porous (preferably perforated), woven, compressed non-woven, screened, meshed, or in the form of a foam. The anode comprises a foil. The oxygen reduction catalyst is selected from noble metals, transition metal oxides, transition metal porphyrins, phthalocyanines, polymerized porphyrins, polymerized phthalocyanines, perovskites, cobalt salt pyrolyzed with polyacrylonitrile (Co-Pan), and/or their pyrolyzed products. The oxygen reduction catalyst is on one side of the porous substrate. The porous substrate is selected from graphite, carbon black, carbon-based cloth, graphite-based cloth, and a metal screen. The oxygen reduction catalyst is further supported on a material selected from carbon-black, graphite, charcoal, and activated carbon. The porous substrate is perforated. The dry separator further comprises a salt selected from chloride, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, phosphate monobasic, phosphate dibasic, borate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phthalate, and acetate salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, ammonium, and zinc, lithium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, potassium fluoride, zinc nitrate, and/or potassium carbonate. The salt is impregnated into the hydrophilic membrane. The hydrophilic membrane comprises a material selected from polyethylene oxide, paper, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, starch, agar, and/or their composites, or blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture method of porous electrode substrate further involves performing compression molding of precursor sheet at 200 degrees C or less between the process of manufacturing precursor sheet and carbonization process, and oxidation treatment of precursor sheet at 200-300 degrees C between carbonization process and compression molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-monoxide oxidation catalyst contains hopcalite and/or noble metal supported catalyst. The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent comprises zeolite and strontium oxide. Preferred Compound: The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent does not require water for adsorption of carbon dioxide. Preferred Property: The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent has pore diameter of 0.4 nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material film and negative electrode electric potential forming layer are formed of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode active material film is made of manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferrous (Fe), phosphorus (P), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), copper (Cu) and lithium (Li).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of component (b) and component (c) is 20-80 parts mass and 10-70 parts mass, respectively with respect to component (a) (100 parts mass). The component (a) is synthesized from hydrogenated polybutadiene compound (a1) having 2 or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule, compound (a2) having 2 or more isocyanate groups in a molecule and (meth)acrylic compound (a3) which has hydroxyl group in a molecule. The component (c) is at least one of isobornyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl oxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate or 1-adamantanyl (meth)acrylate. Preferred Property: The mean molecular weight of compound (a1) is 1000-4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is molybdenum-plated glass, molybdenum-plated ceramic, molybdenum-plated titanium foil, molybdenum-plated stainless steel foil, or molybdenum-plated polyimide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The non-vacuum liquid phase process comprises spin coating, casting, pulling, screen printing, ink printing, or roll coating. Annealing is carried out at 400-600 degrees C for 10-20 minutes. Preferred Component: The halogen compound is MX, MX2, or M'X4. The sulfur source comprises elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium sulfide, ammonium salts of sulfur, and/or hydrazonium salts of sulfur. The selenium source comprises elemental selenium, hydrogen selenide, ammonium selenide, ammonium salts of selenium, and/or hydrazonium salts of selenium.M=Cu;X=Cl, Br, or I; andM'=Sn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent containing strong coordinating group is ethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, methanamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethanamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetylamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, or hydrazine solvent of formula R4R5N-NR6R7. The ammonium salts of sulfur and selenium are salts formed by hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen selenide, and N-R1R2R3; or salts formed by hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen selenide, and R4R5N-NR6R7.R1-R7=aromatic group, -H, -CH3, -C2H5, or 3-6C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon fiber is one or more of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber, adhesive-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, graphite fiber, and carbon nanofiber; where the diameter of the carbon fiber is 1-10 mu m and the length is 1-30 mm; and the diameter of the carbon nanofiber is 5-50 nm and the length is 5-30 mu m. The diameter and the length of the carbon nanotube is 5-50 nm and 5-30 mu m respectively. The adhesive is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or copolymer resin of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The solvent is water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or ethylene glycol; where the amount of the solvent is 1000-3000 times the total weight of the carbon nanotube and the carbon fiber. Preferred Conditions: Thermal processing is carried out at 300-400 degrees C for 10-60 minutes. The vacuum pressure of the vacuum filtration is 0.0001-0.1 MPa and the vacuuming time is 10-300 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The charging circuit is provided with a universal serial bus (USB) interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface active agent is polyethylene glycol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The soluble metal salt comprises ester salt, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, and/or or alkyl compound of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, tin, lithium sodium, potassium, tungsten, or magnesium. The soluble metal salt comprises ester salt, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, and/or alkyl compound of titanium, silver, iron nickel manganese, cobalt, ruthenium, chromium, iridium, vanadium, or tin. The volume ratio of water to the polar solvent is (1:50)-(1:5). Preferred Method: Annealing comprises heating at 20-35 degrees C to 200-1000 degrees C for 1-100 degrees C/minute, standing for 1-10 hours, and cooling until the temperature reaches the room temperature. The metal/metal oxide compound is heated until the temperature is 200-1000 degrees C at 1-100 degrees C/minute, and standing for 1-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, nickel cobalt manganese material, lithium permanganate and/or lithium iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bismaleimides has general formula (I).R1=-CH2-CH2-, -(CH2)6-, -(CH2)8-, -(CH2)12-, -CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2- or group of general formulae (II-VII).The monomer of the super-bifurcation macromolecule also comprises N-phenyl maleimide or N-cyclohexyl maleimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monomer of the super-bifurcation macromolecule also has tri-(4-phenyl maleimide)amine or polybenzyl maleimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal carbonate is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and rubidium carbonate. The alkaline-earth metal carbonate is chosen from magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and barium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aromatic dihalogen-type monomer is chosen from 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane. The phenolic-type monomer or bisphenol-based monomer is chosen from hydroquinone sulfonic acid potassium salt, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-diphenyl oxide disodium salt, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-3-sulfonic acid monosodium salt, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid monosodium salt, potassium-5,5'-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and potassium-2,2'-(9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene)sulfonate. The organic solvent is chosen from N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide and N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit is boron oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, bismuth oxide and/or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethyl digol or terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycols, ethyl cellulose or acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type transparent conductive material is: of formula (CuMO2) (I) or (Cu2XSrXO2) (II); and copper aluminum dioxide (CuAlO2) having the copper to aluminum ratio of 0.8-1.2. The p-type transparent conductive layer: has a thickness of at least 50 nm; and is formed by direct current (DC) reactive sputtering using a copper aluminum alloy target or radio frequency (RF) sputtering using a copper aluminum dioxide target. The semiconductive film comprises a p-type semiconductive layer, and an n-type semiconductive layer, where the n-type semiconductive layer is formed on the p-type semiconductive layer. The p-type semiconductive layer is a copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) layer, and the n-type semiconductive layer is a cadmium selenide or zinc selenide layer. The transparent conductive layer is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, where the TCO is tin-doped indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide or and undoped zinc oxide. The substrate is a soda-lime glass, quartz, transparent plastic or a transparent flexible material.M = IIIA element including Al, B, Ga, In or Tl; andX = greater than zero.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound used for precipitation of zinc includes hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide and ammonium sulfide, or sodium hydrogen sulfide, potassium hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonium hydrogen sulfide and their derivatives.The alkaline compound comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or lithium hydroxide.The basic compound is caustic soda, ammonia, zinc oxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The mineral acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid and/or hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mechanism has a PTFE cloth wrapped on a rectangular metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide thin film block is a rectangular block with similar gaps between the blocks. Two perfusing holes are located at the upper and lower opposite angles or at the diagonal positions of the rectangular block. The low melting-point glass powder slurry is formed of a mixture of ethyl cellulose or terpineol and the low melting-point glass powder; and the thermal softening point temperature of the low melting-point glass powder is 400-500 degrees C, while the coefficient of thermal expansion matches with that of the transparent conductive glass plate. The filling material is chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Preferably, in preparing the perfluorinated high-temperature proton conductor composite film, the process in (b) comprises placing the pre-treated Nafion film into the drying oven to dry for 6-8 hours at 100-120 degrees C into constant weight; and the process in (c) comprises placing for 1-2 hours at room temperature, slowly vaporizing the water in the film, placing the composite film into the vacuum drying tank, and drying for 1-2 hours at 90-110 degrees C into constant weight. Preferred Composition: In (a), the volume concentration of the H2O2 aqueous solution is 3-8%, and the temperature is 70-90 degrees C; and the concentration of the H2SO4 aqueous solution is 0.3-0.8 mol/L, and the temperature is 70-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The package material comprises materials of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyolefin, polyurethane, or siloxane. In the silicon solar photovoltaic module, the porous package material is used for packing silicon solar photovoltaic module; the porous package material is arranged between the silicon solar batteries and the first package layer and the second package layer; the second package layer can be replaced by the porous package material; the porous package material is plastic film structure which can be foamable high molecular material additionally arranged between the silicon solar batteries and the first package layer and the second package layer; the transparent base material comprises glass or plastic base material; and the back plate comprises composite layer formed by glass and polyvinyl fluoride. In the film solar photovoltaic module, the film solar battery comprises cladding plate silicon film solar battery, cladding plate copper-indium-gallium-selenium film solar battery, or cladding plate cadmium-tellurium film solar battery; and the silicon film solar battery comprises non-crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, stacked silicon film, or three-layer silicon films. Preferred Parameters: The reflectivity of the package material is 7-45%. Preferred Process: The chemical cross-linking comprises peroxide or silane cross-linking. The physical cross-linking comprises electronic beam cross-linking or gamma ray cross-linking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The thermoplastic polymer is polycarbonate. Preferred Layer: A connection layer (15) formed using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is interposed between surface layer and cell layer. The packaging structure further has a light reflection layer formed using thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The micron conductive fiber is nickel plated carbon fiber, stainless steel fiber, copper fiber, and/or silver fiber (preferably stainless steel fiber). The conductive materials comprise conductive powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflective material comprises aluminum metal. The color material comprising a gold color dye is applied to aluminum layer, to produce gold tint.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aluminum layer is anodized and dyed using ferric ammonium oxalate or ferric sodium oxalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate of reflector is formed of polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The salt of metallic compound is salt with bivalent metallic compound or salt with bivalent metallic compound and monovalent metallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer contains salt of polyvinyl alcohol type compound, unsaturated carboxylic acid compound and metallic compound, preferably salt of (meth)acrylic acid and metallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film of polylactic acid having stereo complex structure is heat-processed by contacting to a roll surface having surface temperature of 60-200 degrees C. The adhesive layer contains two liquid reaction type polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The capping layer comprises polysilicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from a material e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester and phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent of mixed solution is water. The IB group element is copper or silver. The IIIA group element is aluminum, indium or gallium. The VIA group element is sulfur, selenium or tellurium. The thin-film solar cells comprise IB-IIIA-VIA group thin-film solar cells or macromolecule thin-film solar cells. The IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder is a precursor of IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure is of copper pyrites structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure is mixed with conductive polymer to apply in macromolecule thin-film solar cells. Preferred Processes: The method further comprises washing mixed solution with cleaning solvent before drying mixed solution, with cleaning solvent of deionized water or ethyl alcohol. The method of transforming amorphous phase powder into IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure involves calcining IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder. The method comprises supplying mixed solution containing IB, IIIA, VIA group element in periodic table of chemical element and any group solution of elements, with solvent of mixed solution comprising water; heating mixed solution; washing and filtering mixed solution; and drying mixed solution to obtain nanometer IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder, with amorphous phase powder comprising precursor of copper pyrites structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group copper pyrites structure is used as photo-electric conversion element in thin-film solar cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed contains no organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) mixed with polystyrol sulfonic acid ethylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid crystal polymer film contains a thermoplastic resin having thermotropic liquid crystal property and heat-resistant type which is classified into I type (Econol type), II type (Vectra type) and III type (X7G type), or an alloy. When the filled layer comprises crosslinked-type ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin, the easily bonding layer contains ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin having vinyl acetate content of 2-30%. Preferred Process: The easily bonding layer is obtained by mixing polyethylene-type resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin and/or acrylic resin. The insulating layer comprises a polyethylene-terephthalate film. A two-pack curing-type adhesive agent adheres liquid crystal polymer film, insulating layer and easily-bonding layer, and adhesive agent is hydrolysis-resistant adhesive agent comprising one component, a hardening agent or crosslinking agent of polycarbonate-type adhesive agent, a rubber adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive. Preferred Properties: The liquid crystal polymer film has deflection temperature of 180 degrees C or more at continuous duty temperature of 110 degrees C and under load. The thickness of the insulating layer is 6-600 mu m. The solar cell back surface protection sheet has thickness of 100-300 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 600 V, 150-450 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 1000 V and 250-700 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 1500 V. The liquid crystal polymer film and insulating layer has tensile elongation maintenance factor of 50-100%, lamination strength of 2 N/15 mm width and water-vapor permeation rate of 3 g/m2.24 hours, after preservation at 85 degrees C and humidity of 85% for 3000 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrated inorganic coating layer contains nitride, where the nitride is selected from aluminum nitride or silicon nitride. The anti-fouling coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): silicon nitride (6-12) and fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): diethylene glycol diacrylate (30-50), propanediol diacrylate (15-35), photoinitiator i.e. benzoyl phenyl carbinol (10-15) and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. The organic polymer coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (20-40), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (15-30), poly(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether methacrylate (5-10), hydroxyl terminated epoxy ethane (5-10), hydroxyl terminated epoxy propane (5-10) and photoinitiator i.e. benzoyl phenyl carbinol (1-5). The anti-fouling coating layer comprises (in pts.wt): pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (15-35), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (8-15), polymerization initiator (0.1-3), ethanol and methyl ehtyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell body is made of hard plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The shell layer contains a conductive high molecular compound chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), polyvinyl carbazole, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and polyfluorene. Preferred Properties: The core layer is p-type semiconductor layer. The shell layer is n-type semiconductor layer. The nano-cable has diameter of 100 nm to 5 mu m and aspect ratio of 1:50-1:100. The core layer and shell layer have thickness of 20 nm to 1 mu m and 200 nm to 5 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The device layer contains nanoparticles or carbon nanotube in which nanoparticles are adhered on p-type or n-type semiconductor material. The nanoparticles contain aluminum oxide, barium carbonate, boron trioxide, bismuth oxide, calcium carbonate, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, lithium carbonate, lithium cobaltate, magnesium oxide, manganese carbonate, manganese oxide (MnO2,Mn3O4), niobium pentoxide, lead oxide, antimony trioxide, tin dioxide, strontium carbonate, tantalum pentoxide, titanium oxide, barium titanate, vanadium pentoxide, tungsten oxide, zirconia and zinc oxide. The carbon nanotube is single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nanotube or their mixture. The solar cell has electrolyte solution containing sulfuric acid or oxalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The device layer has a bottom electrode, a photoelectric cell layer and an upper electrode. The photoelectric cell layer is formed using conductive polymer chosen from polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and polyvinyl carbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the unalloyed titanium in the titanium base material is 0.05-0.3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal in metal film layer is gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, tin, aluminum and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antistatic agent is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and/or ampholytic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin layer contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl carbazole, polyurethane, polyester ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinylidene chloride. The polymer resin layer further contains water absorption additive and antistatic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron-accepting layer is made of phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Preferred Component: The protective layer is made of ceramics, metal or organic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photoactive layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of boron-based compound, polymer matrix and anionic compound are 1-30 weight%, 50-95 weight% and 5-95 weight%. The polymer matrix is polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoxazole, polyimide and/or polycarbonate. The anionic compound is chosen from phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and formic acid or its derivative, preferably phosphoric acid or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper energy transfer materials are made of conjugated polymer material such as polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent substrate material is a glass substrate, particularly a tempered or annealed float glass as toughened safety glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A semiconductor material from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, strontium titanate, copper sulfide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, cadmium selenide sulfide, tin oxide, lead oxide, cadmium selenide or titanium dioxide is used as metal chalcogenide compound semiconductor. The metal layer is formed by a metal selected from a group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum, lead, tantalum or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear side of the substrate is formed from a polymer film sandwich consisting of a thin polyvinyl-fluoride film and polyethylene terephthalate-film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium oxide is rutile-type titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin in the primary and secondary layers is aromatic vinyl-type resin, polyester-type resin or polyolefin-type resin. The aromatic vinyl-type resin includes rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin which is obtained by polymerizing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of rubbery polymer (a), and (co)polymer of aromatic vinyl compound. The content of the rubbery polymer is 5-40 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of aromatic vinyl-type resin. The rubbery polymer is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-type rubber, hydrogenated conjugated diene-type rubber, acrylic-type rubber, silicone-type rubber and/or silicone acrylic composite rubber. Preferred Arrangement: The primary layer is laminated on both surfaces of the secondary layer directly or through another layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the polycrystalline silicon ingot growing technique, the silicon nitride demolding agent is the high-purity silicon nitride obtained by soaking the silicon powder through the aqueous solution mixed with acid, performing the high-temperature desalting under the catalyst of the silicon nitride powder, and grinding and soaking in the aqueous solution mixed with acid again; where the mixed acid aqueous solution comprises muriatic acid, nitric acid, and water; the silicon nitride dope comprises high-purity silicon nitride powder or 0.05-5% of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution purified through positive ion exchange resin; the high temperature resistance of the silicon nitride is achieved through filling 0.1-4 kg of differential pressure high-purity ammonia; the mold is suspended in dissolving; the mold is supported on a water cooling lower rotating shaft in solidifying; and the heat field is regulated through downwardly moving the mold and regulating the cooling water flow speed simultaneously. Preferred Components: In the combined quartz ceramic crucible mold, the square column barrel-shaped mold comprises an upper top plate, two quartz ceramic components, and a quartz ceramic bolt; where the connection of the upper top plat and the quartz ceramic crucible is inserted by a groove, and is fixed by a quartz ceramic bolt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diffusion barrier consists of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, metal oxide and/or metal nitride. The metal oxide is aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The transparent metal oxide is titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, manganese oxide, hafnium oxide, germanium oxide, calcium-, magnesium-, and/or yttrium stabilized zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, samarium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and/or boroxide. The structured layer is produced from hydrolyzed- and polycondensable silicon- and/or silicon organic component and if necessary hydrolyzed- and polycondensable titanium-, zirconium-, aluminum-, zinc-, magnesium-, calcium-, cerium-, samarium-, gadolinium-, lanthanum-, boron-, yttrium- and/or tin component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The resin layer (A) is infrared ray-permeable colored resin layer. Preferred Composition: The resin layers (A-C) contain thermoplastic resin e.g. aromatic vinyl-type resin. The back sheet further contains water-barrier layer between resin layer (C) and resin layer (D). The water-barrier layer contains vapor deposition film including metal and/or metal oxide on its surface. Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layers (A and C) is less than the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layer (B). When light with wavelength of 400-700 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (A) in the back sheet, the absorption factor with respect to light is 60% or more. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (A) in back sheet, the reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The solar cell back sheet has thickness of 50-1000 mu m, and dimensional-change rate of less than plus minus 1% when the back sheet is maintained at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes. The resin layer (D) has flame retardance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The resin layers (11-13) contain thermoplastic resin e.g. aromatic vinyl-type resin. The glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layers (11 and 13) is less than the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layer (12). The solar cell back sheet further has a resin layer (A) provided in the outer surface of resin layer (14) and a water-vapor barrier layer provided between resin layers (13 and 14) or resin layer (14) and resin layer (A). Preferred Properties: When light with wavelength of 400-700 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) in the back sheet, the absorption factor with respect to light is 60% or more. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) of the back sheet having resin layer (14) as back surface protective layer, the reflectance with respect to light is less than 50%. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) of the back sheet having resin layer (A) as back surface protective layer, the reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The water vapor barrier layer comprises a vapor-deposited film containing metal and/or metal oxide in its surface. The back surface protective layer is a resin layer having flame retardance. The solar cell back sheet has thickness of 50-1000 mu m, and dimensional-change rate of less than plus minus 1%, when the back sheet is maintained at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste is sulfuric acid, additive, lead powder and conductive polymer with Faraday pseudo-capacitor energy storage characteristics. The additive is barium sulfate, humic acid, and acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer with Faraday pseudo-capacitor energy storage characteristics is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, p-phenylene, polyacenes and/or polyethylene ferrocene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material has kernel-shell structure in which kernel is surface nano graphite material. The form agent is potassium hydroxide , sodium hydroxide, silicon dioxide or nickel(II) hydroxide which has chemical broaching function. The carbon source is resin, asphalt or coal tar. The weight ratio between carbon source and kernel material is 1-10:1 (preferably 2-3:1). The shielding gas atmosphere is ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen or argon. Preferred Process: The surface nano graphite forms nano fiber, nano aperture and carbon nano tube at primary surface. The low potential processing involves mixing kernel-shell material, acetylene black (electrical conductor) and polyvinylidene fluoride (binding material) according to weight ratio of 8:1:1, adding proper amount solution of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, grinding and mixing into pulpiness, tabletting mixture into slice with thickness of 20 mu m with tablet press, making slice into electrode slice after vacuum drying in 120 degrees C, separately configurating lithium foil electrically connected to upper and lower of electrode slice to obtain third-grade unit, impregnating third-grade unit into electrolyte of lithium ion battery, taking out after resting for 3 -10 days with vacuum encapsulation, and stripping lithium foil to obtain low potential processed negative plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone or n-hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum halide ionic liquid contains aluminum halide and preferably quat. ammonium salt, quat. phosphorus salt or quat. sulfur salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polysulfide is polysulfide carbine. The secondary aluminum battery according to claim 1, wherein the organic polysulfide is polysulfocyclopentadiene, polysulfonaphthalene, polysulfophenylamine, polysulfonaphthyridine, polysulfopyrrole, polysulfothiophene or polysulfofurfuran. Preferred Process: The polysulfide carbyne is prepared by mixing hydrogen-containing polyalkenyl halide with elemental sulfur, mixing polyvinylidene fluoride with elemental sulfur, uniformly mixing polyvinylidene fluoride with sulfur according to mass ratio of 1:2-5, slowly adding 100 ml of N-dimethyl formamide solution with stirring, slowly increasing temperature, completely dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in N,N-dimethyl formamide at 68-72 degrees C, completely dissolving sulfur in N-dimethyl formamide at 118-122 degrees C in which solution is yellow and depositing little of molten liquid elemental sulfur at bottom of flask, stopping heating after dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride and sulfur, violently stirring solution, slowly adding 100 ml of methyl alcohol dropwise in which uniform mixture of maize-yellow polyvinylidene fluoride and sulfur is gradually separated in solution and filtering solution and drying precipitate in vacuum for 12 hours for future use, and preparing polysulfide carbyne by heating mixture to react for 3 hours in tubular furnace of 300 degrees C in ammonia gas environment to obtain polysulfide carbyne, cooling polysulfide carbyne along with furnace and taking polysulfide carbyne out of furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The titanium dioxide thin film has thickness of 10-20 mu m. Preferred Process: The titanium dioxide slurry is spread to conductive glass in screen printing or knife coating way. The titanium dioxide sol is prepared by dissolving 1-15 wt.% of organic titanium compound in 40-60 wt.% of organic solvent at 50-70 degrees C under conduction of stirring, adding 30-50 wt.% of plasticizer to solution to obtain 100 wt.% of mixture, and heating mixture until temperature is 70-90 degrees C and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, or hydrolyzing inorganic titanium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pore-forming material is terpineol, alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with concentration of 5-15 wt.% and/or polyethylene glycol. The organic titanium compound is isopropyl titanate or tetrabutyl titanate. The organic solvent is glycol and/or isopropanol. The plasticizer is citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and/or xylitol. The organic titanium salt is titanium tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is ethyl cellulose, terpinol, glycerine, absolute ethanol, butyl carbitol or butyl carbitol acetic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The solar water heating system conforms to the specification of GE50364.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydride of hydrocarbon resin is obtained by hydrogenating a polymer of 9C-type polymerizable monomer, and contains vinyltoluene (50 wt.% or more) and indene (20 wt.% or less). The hydrogenation rate of hydride of hydrocarbon resin is 40% or more, preferably 90% or more. The content of vinyl acetate unit in the copolymer resin is 20-80 wt.% or 5-50 wt.%. The hydride of hydrocarbon resin is obtained by hydrogenating product obtained by polymerizing using non-phenol type Friedel-Crafts type catalyst. The content of hydride is 1-200 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of copolymer resin. The hydride has a softening point of 80-150 degrees C and a weight average molecular weight of 800-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode active material is lithium manganese compound oxide (LixMn2O4), lithium nickel compound oxide (LixNiO2), lithium cobalt compound oxide (LixCoO2), lithium nickel cobalt compound oxide (LixNi1-yCoyO2), spinel type lithium manganese nickel compound oxide (LixMn2-yNiyO4), lithium manganese cobalt compound oxide (LixMnyCo1-yO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LixFePO4), where x and y independently are 0-1. The negative electrode active material is a carbonaceous material consisting of non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, graphite, cracked carbon, cokes, glassy carbon, organic polymer compound calcined materials, carbon fiber and activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The power supply unit of auditory appliance is wirelessly connected to the transmitter assembly in accordance with Bluetooth standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is one of aluminum and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar functional group is at least one of a carboxyl group and an amino group. The adhesive functional group is an epoxy group. The content of the adhesive functional group is 0.15-1.2 wt.% of total amount of the resin and the adhesive modifying agent. Preferred Method: The step of treating surface comprises: imparting a carboxyl group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with one of a monomer of acrylic acid, a polymer of acrylic acid, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid; imparting an amino group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with one of a monomer of allylamine and a polymer of allylamine; or imparting a carboxyl group and an amino group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with polyamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive functional group is one of a modified ethylene-styrene copolymer modified by glycidyl methacrylate, and a modified polyethylene modified by glycidyl methacrylate. The resin is an engineered plastic, which is one of a polyphenyl sulfide, polyamide, and polybutylene terephthalate. The adhesive modifying agent is present at 5-40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total amount of the resin and the adhesive modifying agent. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: polyphenylene sulfide (90 parts by weight); modified polyethylene-polystyrene copolymer (10 parts by weight); and epoxy group (0.3 wt.%)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The blocking layer of laminate strengthened sheet is made of metal selected from the group of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al) and their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer layer of laminate strengthened sheet is made of a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the inner layer of laminate strengthened sheet is formed of cast polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive paste includes binder of carbonic polymer and one of the aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, titanium and cadmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture further contains alcohol and/or thickener. The solvent is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (x) is acrylic resin. The composition further contains a hydrophilic polymeric material which does not have an acidic radical, and a tackifier. The hydrophilic polymeric material is a hydroxyl-containing polymeric material, preferably polyvinyl alcohol. The tackifier is emulsion-type tackifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The titanium nitride film is formed in the back surface electrode layer by sputtering method using titanium target and mixed gas containing argon gas and nitrogen gas. The mixed gas contains 40 volume% or more of nitrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material having specific surface area of 0.4-1.8 m2/g contains graphite particles whose interlayer distance in (002) plane is 0.335-0.337 nm. The surface of graphite particles is covered or adhered by amorphous carbon (1-30 %mass).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface-treating agent is silane coupling agent which has alkyl, acryl, methacryl, epoxy and/or vinyl as organic functional groups. The electrolytic solution further contains aprotic solvent, disulfonic acid ester, vinylene carbonate or its derivative(s), or 1,3-propane sultone or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The electrolyte solution is gelatinized using polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alicyclic amine compound comprises diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl amine, 3-(lignocaine) propyl amine, tris-(2-aminoethyl) amine, tetramethyl ethylene diamine, ethylene diamine, 3,3'-imino bis(propyl amine), polyoxypropylenediamine, and polyoxypropylenetriamine. It includes bis(4-amino-3-methyldicyclohexyl)methane, diamino dicyclohexyl methane, bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, N-aminoethylpyrazine, 3,9-bis(3-aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, isophorone diamine, hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-lupetazin, 2-methylimidazole, and alpha -ethyl-4-methylimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The fiber reinforcing agent comprises glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and polyester fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode active material is lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-iron oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium sulfide and molybdenum sulfide. The conductive material is carbon black. The battery contains electrolyte having lithium hexafluorophosphate and solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic solar cell further has a charge transport layer (i) provided between the electrode (a) and organic active layer and a charge transport layer (ii) provided between the electrode (b) and organic active layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic active layer further contains an electron acceptor material, and an electron donor material comprising poly(phenylene vinylene) type polymer or poly(3-hexylthiophene) type polymer. Preferred Process: The organic active layer is formed by the heat-treating the coated composition of fullerene derivative (I or II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The inorganic filler is silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, potassium titanate, zirconium oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and/or titanium dioxide. The content of inorganic filler is 5-50 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The isocyanuric acid derivative is 1,3,5-tri(2,3-epoxypropyl)isocyanurate. The hardener is hexahydrophthalic anhydride or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The silicone resin is obtained by condensing glycidoxy alkyl trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder contains polymer(s) chosen from perfluoropolymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polysulfone polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, polyetherketone polymer, polyetheretherketone polymer and polyquinoxaline polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass first powder includes silica, boric oxide, bismuth oxide, alumina, zinc oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide and/or thallium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of thallium compound is 0.1-50 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluting agent is Texanol (RTM: ester alcohol), terpinol, cyclohexane, hexane, toluene, benzyl alcohol, dioxane, diethyleneglycol and/or dibutyl diethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The macromolecular binder includes cellulose-type binder or acrylic-type binder. The cellulose-type binder is ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and/or hydroxyethyl-hydroxypropylcellulose derivative. The additive includes regulating agent, dispersing agent and leveling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive active material includes graphite, artificial graphite, lithium-titanium oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-iron phosphate and lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide of formula: LiNixCoyMnzO2, where x+y+z is 1. The negative electrode current collector is made of copper, and the positive electrode current collector is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The isolation film is formed using polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic electronic device further comprises a substrate disposed on the flexible barrier film for supporting the flexible barrier film. The organic electronic device further comprises an inorganic layer disposed between the adhesive layer and the flexible barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multi-functional acrylate is an aliphatic urethane acrylate. (b1) is tetraalkoxysilane or tetraalkyltitanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises disposing an inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film to form an inorganic layer on the flexible barrier film. The step of disposing the inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film comprises plasma chemical vapor depositing the inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film. The step of disposing the composition on the substrate comprises gravure rolling the composition on the substrate. In the method, the composition further comprises a photoinitiating agent and the step of curing the composition to form the flexible barrier film on the substrate comprises applying ultraviolet radiation to the composition. The reaction product is formed in the presence of a siloxane polymerization catalyst comprising sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or amines. Preferred Components: The flexible barrier film has a thickness of greater than zero to less than 500 nm. The flexible barrier film has a water vapor transmission rate of no more than 10-3 g/m2/day at 22 degrees C and 47% relative humidity. The substrate is a polymeric substrate comprising polyesters, polyethersulfones, polyimides and/or fluorocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The optical coupling material comprises an optical grade epoxy, or ethylene vinyl acetate, silicones, or polyurethanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The barrier layer contains an electrically conductive metal compound having a thickness of 2-500 nm. The electrically conductive metal compound is a metal oxide. The metal oxide is a zinc oxide and/or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The tin-, copper- or silver-containing contact layer contains an alloy of the metals with further metal(s). The contact layer is a tin-containing layer which contains at least partly oxidized tin and/or an at least partly oxidized tin alloy. The contact strips are coated with a tin-solder having a layer thickness of 5-50 mu m. The back electrode layer has a metallic reflector layer, and a barrier layer comprising a material not alloying with the solder and/or the metallic reflector layer is provided between the contact layer and the metallic reflector layer. The barrier layer not alloying with the solder is a metallic barrier layer and contains layer(s) of metal(s) including titanium, zircon, hafnium, aluminum, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel and tellurium or an alloy containing at least two of the metals or an alloy of one of the metals with further metal(s) with one of the metals being the main component. The metallic reflector layer contains layer(s) comprising silver, aluminum, copper and/or chromium or an alloy of the metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The back surface encapsulation material is formed from an embedding foil comprising ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyolefin or silicone. The protective layer contains glass and/or plastic foil. The plastic foil contains polycondensate or fluorine-containing hydrocarbon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin film is fluorine resin composition which contains polymethyl methacrylate resin as acrylic resin (5-50 mass parts) and polyvinylidene fluoride resin (50-95 mass parts) as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of compound of group IV element(s) is 3-10 weight ppm. The amount of compound of group II element(s) is 10-35 weight ppm. The compound of group IV element(s) is titanium compound. The compound of group II element(s) is magnesium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester resin is obtained by performing esterification and polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid component containing terephthalic acid as main component, and diol component containing ethylene glycol as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The barrier film has a partial discharge voltage of at least 1000 V, a transparency of more than 80% in the range of more than 300 nm. An adhesive layer (2) formed from an adhesion promoter is present in between the inorganic barrier layer and the protective layer. The composition of the adhesive layer comprises (in wt.%): polyfunctional acrylate or methacrylate (10-80), prepolymer (0-30), siloxane-containing acrylate or methacrylate (0-48), at least one initiator (0.1-10), at least one regulator (0-10) and additive (0-40). The adhesive layer is formed from a melt adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further contains an electrolyte dissociation promoter (B), a carbonate compound (C) having polymerizable unsaturated bond, and a compound (D) having a vinyl ether group or propenyl ether group. The modified polysiloxane is of formula: (Q1)c-SiO((-R1)3-c)-(SiO(-R2)(-R3))a-(SiO(-Q1)(-R4))b-SiO((-R5)3-d)-(Q1)d or of formula (I).R1-R8=alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy;Q1,Q2=group having nitrogen atom and polymerizable unsaturated bond, preferably group of formula (i) or (A2)g-N+(-CH3)-((R10O)m-R11)3-gY-;a=0-200;b=4-200;c,d=0 or 1;e=0-100;f=1-100;e+f=7-200;R9=H, methyl or ethyl;A1,A2=organic group (a) having polymerizable unsaturated bond, preferably -R12-C(-Q3)=C(-Q4)-Q5, group of formula (ii) or (meth)acryloyloxy alkyl group;X-,Y-=anion;R10=2-4C alkylene;R11=1-3C alkyl;g=1-3;m=1-5;R12,R13=1-3C alkylene;Q3-Q5,Q7-Q9=H, 1-4C alkyl group, phenyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, cyano, carboxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl;andQ6=H or halo.Preferred Compounds: The electrolyte dissociation promoter is ether compound having donor number of 16-40 and/or sulfoxide compound having donor compound 16-40. The sulfoxide compound is of formula: R14-S(=O)-R15. The ether compound is of formula: R16-O-(CH2CH2O)n-R17. The carbonate compound is of formula (IX and/or X). The compound (D) having vinyl ether group or propenyl ether group is cyclohexane derivative of formula: R22-CH=CH-O-(CH2)p-O-CH=CH-R23 or R24-CH=CH-O-(C2H4O)q-O-CH=CH-R25.R14-R17=1-5C alkyl;n=1-10;R18,R19=H or 1-3C alkyl;R20,R21=H or 2-3C alkenyl;R22-R25=H or methyl;p=4-10;andq=1-5.Preferred Salt: The onium salt is imidazolium salt and/or quaternary ammonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid crystal polymer film is thermoplastic resin having thermotropic liquid crystal property and chosen from Econol (RTM: polyester resin), Vectra (RTM: polyester resin) and X7G (RTM: polyester resin). The insulation and adhesive resin layer is polyethylene-type film, ethylene vinylacetate film or unextended polypropylene film. The polyethylene-terephthalate film has thickness of 0.5-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of amorphous poly-( alpha )-olefin polymer with respect to 100 parts mass of butyl rubber is 20-350 parts mass. The composition further contains catalyst (0.07-7 parts mass) with respect to butyl rubber (100 parts mass). The total content of organic substance of butyl rubber is 12-25 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A solar battery substrate comprises a polysilicon layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent body is made of polyurethane, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photochemically active dye comprises vicinal diarylethene, nitrone, nitrostilbene, or photoreactive aromatic cyclodione (preferably cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon selected from at least one of quinine, benzoquinone, phenanthrenedione, anthracenedione and chrysenedione).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device is a thin film photovoltaic device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The metal is bismuth, copper, cadmium, lead, tin, zinc, silver, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, aluminum, antimony, chromium, iron, nickel, rhodium, tantalum, titanium, or vanadium, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises 0.001-5, preferably 0.1-0.4 wt.% 1H-benzotriazole. It further comprises a phenolic antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thienothiophene moiety is optionally substituted with substituent(s) from 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 3-20C heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyanide, nitrogen dioxide, and SO2R. The thienothiophene moiety is optionally substituted with halo or fluoro. The electron acceptor material comprises optionally substituted fullerene. The electron acceptor material comprises 61C-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester.R=H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, or 3-20C heterocycloalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polarizing electrodes contains a material comprising ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium titanate, strontium-ruthenium oxide, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and/or activated carbon, preferably ruthenium oxide and/or carbon nanotube or ruthenium oxide and/or activated carbon. The electrolyte layer contains ruthenium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, boron fluoride, trifluoromethanesulfonate or quaternary phosphonium salt. The current collectors contains copper, tungsten, tungsten nitride, cobalt, ruthenium, nickel, silver, titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, aluminum, gold, platinum and/or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer comprises polymer gel of polymer-salt complex containing polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polythiophene, polypyrrole and/or polyaniline, and salt chosen from thiocyanate, iodine, perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium anion (lithium phosphorus oxynitride or lithium fluoride) and hydrogen anion. Preferred Layer: The electrolyte layer is lithium phosphorus oxynitride or lithium fluoride layer.
Preferred Definitions:    A=group of formula: -R1-P(=O)(-OR2)(-OR3);    R1=1-20C linear, branched or cyclic alkenylene, 6-20C aromatic chain or alkylene, and in which portion of H is optionally substituted by halo;    R2,R3=H or 1-8C linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;    Z=groups chosen from formulae (iv)-(vi);and    R4-R24=H, vinyl, halo or phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: Two or more types of catalyst is supported on carbon powder. The carbon powder is heat-processed at 500-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex oxide is complex oxide of formula MeMnO3. The positive electrode contains lithium transition metal composite oxide.Me=Sm, Y, La, Pr, Eu, or Dy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The macromolecule material and plasticizer are added through adjusting composition and ratio of lithium salt in ionic liquid system and organic compound or directly compounded with macromolecule material with amino formic ether structure to prepare full-solid or gel polymer composite electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The valve body is made from copper or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The valve body can also be made from PTFE materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The panel is made of a metal selected from the group comprising aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, iron and iron alloys, and different types of stainless steels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material further contains electron-accepting organic material which is fullerene compound, preferably C70 derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backstop is made up of lacunaris pipe which is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetraflouroethylene, and lacunaris china.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inactive metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The active material for de-intercalation of lithium comprises spinel lithium manganate and/or ferrous lithium phosphate. The conductive agent comprises conductive carbon black, superconducting carbon black, conductive graphite, acetylene black, and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, and absolute ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive comprises polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic film is made of polypropylene or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Solar Cell Module: The housing is bonded to an encapsulant layer on one side of the solar cell module only, without connection to the other side of the module. Multiple electroconductive connections with multiple housings are bonded to the solar cell module and all housings are bonded to the same side, be it the front side or the back side of the module. The housing is bonded to an encapsulant layer on both sides of the solar cell module. The module is a flexible module provided with a first encapsulant layer at one side of the module and a second encapsulant layer at the opposite side of the module. The housing or its relevant part, and the encapsulant layer to which the housing is bonded, are based on the same type of polymer. The housing and the encapsulant layer are based on a thermoplastic fluoropolymer. Preferred Method: In manufacturing the solar cell module, the housing and the encapsulant layer are both transparent to the laser at the wavelength applied, and a laser light absorbing material is applied at the interface between the housing and the encapsulant layer. Either the housing or the encapsulant layer are transparent to laser light at the wavelength applied, with the other of housing or encapsulant layer not transparent to the laser light at the wavelength applied, with the laser directed at the interface between housing and encapsulant layer from the side of the component which is transparent to the laser light. During welding, a pressure is applied onto the housing, while the solar module is supported on a support surface. The pressure is applied using a pressure member, which is transparent for the laser light at the wavelengths applied. The pressure member is a disposable member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The handle substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The film(s) of materials comprises two electrode layers, absorber layer and window layer. The absorber layer comprises a composition including copper indium disulfide or indium gallium disulfide. The window layer comprises cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenium, zinc oxide, or zinc magnesium oxide. The interconnect structure is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, Alloy 42, silver, gold, molybdenum, or other metal or conductive dielectric materials. The handle substrate is quartz, semiconductor or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The flexible and conformal material is polyimide material of less than or equal to 20 mu m. Preferred Component: The flexible and conformal material comprises a first layer of the polymer material overlying a second layer of the polymer material. The handle substrate is plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The insoluble calcium salt is selected from calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium citrate, calcium oxalate, or calcium tartrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The raw material starch is high-amylose corn starch, waxy corn starch, ordinary corn starch, wheat starch, sticky rice starch, long-shaped rice starch, polished round-grained rice starch, Sorghum starch, potato starch, cassava starch, sweet potato starch, green bean starch, chickpea starch, sago starch, or Canna starch. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The gold particles have average particle diameter of 1-60 nm. Preferred Composition: The amount of gold particles is 0.02-5 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amide compound is chosen from formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl propionamide, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl pyrrolidone and carbamate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storage alloy comprises component (A) of rare earth element and magnesium-containing element and component (B') of nickel-containing element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polytetrafluoroethylene is dispersed by an anionic water-soluble thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic layer comprises aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The front protective layer comprises glass ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene and poly methyl methacrylate. The back protective layer comprises polyvinyl fluoride, poly vinylidene fluoride and/or UV stabilized polyethylene terephthalate. The encapsulant material comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic olefin, pressure sensitive silicone and acrylic adhesive. The shield material is polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, poly ethylene napthalate and/or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal foil is one of aluminum, copper, iron, and alloys of aluminum, copper or iron. The electrolyte is a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride ((BMIM)(Cl)), and a lithium salt. The carbon nanoparticles are carbon nanohorns, carbon nano-onions or a combination of at least two kinds of carbon nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises cellulose (1-25%). The microperforated plastic film is a membrane made of polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene (PP). The electrolyte is a composite of a lithium salt and one of the following polymers: ethylene carbonate (EC), diethylene carbonate (DC) and propylene carbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil is made of aluminum, copper, iron, and alloys of aluminum, copper and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-25% of cellulose and a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microperforated plastic film is a membrane made of polyethylene-polypropylene. The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises polymers consisting of ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: reacting boric compounds of formula (Z-X-B(-O-R1a)-O-R1b) (II) with substituted oxyalkylene compounds of formulae (HO-(AO)m-R1) (III) and ((OH)-(AO)n-R2) (IV). Preferred Process: Total amount of 1.5-2.1 moles of (III) and (IV) per mole of (II) is used and the reaction is carried out at 0-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Dibutyl vinyl borate (184 g) from which a polymerization inhibitor had been removed by distillation was added to pentaethylene glycol monomethyl ether (504 g, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. After the pressure in the system was reduced to 0.4 kPA, the temperature was raised to 55 degrees C. Stirring was continued for 3 hours to remove eliminating butanol to afford the boric compound of formula (Z-B(-O-(AO)m-R1)-O-(AO)n-R2) (432 g), where R1 and R2 are CH3, A is 2-4C oxyalkylene group, Z is polymerizable functional group, and m and n are 5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing portion comprises polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The sheet (S2) has high bending strength than that of sheet (S1). The acid-modified polyolefin group thermoplastic resin is acid modified polyethylene-type thermoplastic resin, preferably ionomer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and maleic acid anhydride modified polyethylene. The sheet (S2) contains polyester-type resin and/or polyamide-type resin, preferably polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane is made of polymer of ethylene vinyl acetate-polyethylene terephthalate-polyhydroxy valerate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lithium ion solid electrolyte comprises lithium ion inorganic solid electrolyte and solid material capable of conducting lithium ion. The lithium ion inorganic solid electrolyte comprises sodium super-ionic conductor, lithium superionic conductor, or lithium (Li)-lanthanum-titanium (Ti)-oxide (O) at 5 mass%. The solid material capable of conducting lithium ion is Li-Ti-O transition metal oxide material. The additive is TiO2. The substrate is made of TiO2 or silicon dioxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The plasticizer comprises high molecular weight alcohols. The solvent is water, which is 90 mass%, or absolute ethyl alcohol. The alcohol comprises benzoic titanate or terpineol, which is 1 mass%. The dispersing agent is 2 mass% isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive comprises organic adhesive, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol or methyl cellulose, which is 1 mass%. Preferred Method: Mixing in the first step comprises continuous stirring and ultrasonic dispersing. The drying temperature is 80 degrees C; and the sintering temperature is 1000 degrees C. The third and fourth steps of the preparation processes can be repeated for 1-20, preferably 2-5 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Contents: The amount of the added hexamethyldisilazane is 0.05-50 (preferably 0.5-15) wt.% of the organic solvent. The moisture content of the hexamethyldisilazane is not greater than 20 ppm. The concentration of electrolyte salt in organic solvent is 0.8-1.5 mol/L. The primary lithium battery comprises 5-30 wt.% electrolyte. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is polycarbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl ether (DME) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The electrolyte salt is lithium iodide (LiI), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). Preferred Process: The mixing of hexamethyldisilazane with organic solvent and electrolyte salt is carried out in argon protective atmosphere for oxygen removal and moisture removal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, and alloy of zinc oxide and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lower conductive film is made of silver, aluminum, copper and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of zinc or zinc atom in zinc complex and palladium atom in palladium complex is 40:1-15:1. The zinc complex is zinc acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene. The cyclic hydrocarbon compound is perfluorodecalin. The concentration of cyclic hydrocarbon compound in the electrolyte solution is 20-80 volume%. The electrolyte solution includes hydrocarbon-based solvent chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate. The binder carries out chemical-crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The protonic acid is inorganic acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid or organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is a solvent which dissolves 1,8-diamine naphthalene monomer and does not dissolve 1,8-diamine naphthalene polymer, preferably the organic solvent is dissolved with water and has excellent dissolving performance for inorganic salt such as N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile or propylene carbonate solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of ceric salt oxidizer with respect to 1,8-diamine naphthalene monomer is 0.5:1-2:1. The density of the perchloric acid is 0-3 mol/L. The hydrogen ion density of the perchloric acid is 0.5-2 mol/L. Preferred Properties: The polymerizing temperature is 0-50 degrees C. The solid-phase reacting time is 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The urethane resin contains castor oil type polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The polyol has a structure which does not include a double bond by hydrogenation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further comprises treating formed acrylic film by in-line annealing process. EXAMPLE - A polymer A powder was formulated with (wt.%) PARALOID K-130D (RTM: tin stabilizer) (4) and IRGANOX 245 (RTM: antioxidant blend of tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite and N,N'-hexane-1,6-diyl-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionamide)) (0.5). The composition was then pelletized with a 30 mm twin screw extruder and 4 mm 3-strand die. The composition was prepared without pigment but was believed to simulate processing of the acrylic film. The barrel temperature was set at 200 degrees C, the feed rate was set at 50 lbs/hour, and screw speed was set at 210 rpm. The pellets were then processed using cast film line with a 3.5 in single screw extruder and a 60 in wide flat die to produce mono-layer film. The extruder has six heating/cooling zones which were set respectively at 395 degrees F/425 degrees F/450 degrees F/450 degrees F/480 degrees F/480 degrees F. The temperature of different feed pipe elements were set at 490 degrees F. The die has five different heating zones through transverse direction which were set respectively at 490 degrees F/480 degrees F/470 degrees F/480 degrees F/490 degrees F. The chill roll temperature was set at 180 degrees F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of component (B) is 0.05-5 wt.% with respect to total amount of component (A) and component (B) as cyclic amino vinyl compound unit. The content of component (C) is 0.2-5 weight parts with respect to total amount of component (A) and component (B). The component (A) is copolymer ethylene and 1-hexene. The component (A) is ternary polymer of ethylene hexene propylene. Preferred Parameters: The gel fraction is greater than or equal to 80 wt.% and total transmittance is greater than or equal to 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The cellulose particles have average particle diameter of 50 mu m or less, and water content of 20 %mass or less. The low crystalline cellulose raw material is obtained by processing cellulose-containing raw material having bulk density of 50-1000 kg/m3 with grinder, and is granular. Preferred Component: The grinder is medium-type grinder, which is a ball or a rod.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is greater than or equal to 30 wt.%. The diffusing agent composition further comprises a water-soluble monomer having hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The impurity-diffusing component contains a compound of Group III element. The water-soluble polymer compound has saponification degree of greater than or equal to 90 mol%, and comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (A) has a pre-compounding weight average molecular weight of 40000-50000 atomic mass units. (I) exhibits a tensile stress at yield of at least 60 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 527, a tensile modulus of at least 2200 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 527, a flexural strength of at least 80 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 178, a melt volume-flow rate of at least 20 cubic centimeters per minute, measured at 300 degrees C and 10 kilogram load according to ISO 1133, a heat deflection temperature of at least 140 degrees C, measured at 0.45 megapascals according to ISO 75/Bf, an Izod notched impact strength of at least 18 kilojoules/meter2, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 180/1A, and an Izod notched impact strength of at least 7 kilojoules/meter2, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 180/1A after aging for 2000 hours in air at 140 degrees C. (I) comprises less than 2 wt.% any polymer other than (A), (B), the homopolystyrene, and the polysalicylate. (I) comprises the product of melt-kneading: 55-65 wt.% of (A) having a post-compounding weight average molecular weight of 53000-57000 atomic mass units; 11-16 wt.% of (B) having a polystyrene content of 25-40% and a weight average molecular weight of 250000-450000 atomic mass units; 15-25 wt.% of homopolystyrene; and 3-6 wt.% of polysalicylate; where the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 3-5. (I) is a multiwall article.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: In the film, the PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of antioxidant by weight percentage. The antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), four (beta-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy pheny) propanoic acid) pentaerythritol ester, or beta-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy pheny) octadecyl propanoic. The PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of ultraviolet radiation absorbent by weight percentage. The ultraviolet radiation absorbent is selected from the follows: 2-hydroxyl group-4-n-capryl oxo benzophenone, 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxyl group-4-propylene acyloxy ethyoxy benzophenone, 2-(2-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-5-mehtylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, and 2-(2-tert-butyl-5-mehtylphenyl) benzotriazole. Te PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of ultraviolet radiation stabilizing agent by weight percentage. The ultraviolet radiation stabilizing agent is selected from the follows: double(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, concentration of succinic acid and (4-hydroxide radical-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyl), double (1,2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, and double (1-capryl oxo-2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester. The PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of nucleating agent by weight percentage. The nucleating agent is selected from talcum powder, TM-1, TM-3, Miliad 3905, Miliad 3940, Miliad 3988, NA-10, NA-11, and NA-21. The nucleating agent is selected from talcum powder, TM-1, TM-3, Miliad 3905, Miliad 3940, Miliad 3988, NA-10, NA-11, and NA-21.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The diluting agent is diglycidyl ether. The aliphatic amine includes 50-80 pts.wt. of polyether amine and 0-10 pts.wt. of diethylenetriamine. The alicyclic amine includes 0-30 pts.wt. of isophorone and 0-35 pts.wt. of diamine diamido-dicyclohexyl methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The bisphenol A epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin E-51 or bisphenol A epoxy resin E-54. The bisphenol F epoxy resin is standard epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent also comprises 20-30 pts.wt. of styrene-acrylate emulsion; 1-10 pts.wt. of micrometer or nanometer titanium dioxide particles and 0.1-2 pts.wt. of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether-13. Preferred Method: Preparing the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass also, comprises adding 20-30 pts.wt. of styrene-acrylate emulsion in the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass and uniformly stirring; and adding 1-10 pts.wt. of micrometer or nanometer titanium dioxide particles and 0.1-2 pts.wt. of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether-13 in the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass. The automobile industrial filtering paper is glued by spraying or soaking, keeping temperature at 110-130 degrees C for 2-2.5 minutes and forming two layers of film on the surface of the filtering paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film further has coating layer, thermobonding layer, polyester skin layer and polyester core layer. The coating layer contains polyester resin, polyurethane resin or polyacryl resin. The thermobonding layer contains non-crystalline polyester resin, and has thickness of 1.0-40 mu m. The microparticles contain 3-50 %mass of rutile-type titanium-dioxide microparticles. The polyester skin layer containing many cavities, obtained from microparticles having average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m, is laminated with polyester core layer containing many cavities, obtained from thermoplastic resin incompatible with polyester. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has many fine cavities. The apparent specific gravity of the film is 0.7-1.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Adhesive: In the EVA hot-melt adhesive piece for solar battery, the vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 5-50 wt.%. The melt index of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-500 g/10 second. The average molecular weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1x104-30x104. The silane coupling agent is silane compound comprising one functional group of the amino-group and glycidyl. The nucleating agent is chosen from one of benzoic acid, hexanedioic acid, diphenyl acetic acid, sodium stearate, sodium acetate, sodium phenate, dibenzylidene sorbitol compound, dibenzylidene xyllitol compound, dibenzylidene dulcitol compound, dibenzylidene mannitol compound. The age resister is chosen from one or more of arylamine, phenol and ester age resister. The hot-melt adhesive piece further comprises 0.01-0.05 pts.wt. of heat stabilizer relatively to 100 pts.wt. of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The hot-melt adhesive piece further comprises 0.01-0.05 pts.wt. of ultra-violet absorber relatively to 100 pts.wt. of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sealant: In the solar photovoltaic module sealant the polyisobutene can be medium-molecular polyisobutene with molecular weight at 3-7 W. The antioxidant can be antioxidant PL-10, antioxidant PL-34 or antioxidant PL-440.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fiber: In the non alkali glass fiber, various components in the fiber accounts for the following proportions of the solid mass of the fiber by solid content: coupling agent 7 to 12%, lubricant 8 to 12%, film-forming agent A 20 to 50%, film-forming agent B 21 to 51%,film-forming agent A and film-forming agent B 71 to 80%, antistatic agent 0.5 to 1.5%, and pH regulator 2 to 4%. The pH of the fiber is 2 to 8. The pH of the fiber is 3 to 7. The silane coupling agent is selected from the product of the following trademarks: A-172, A-174, A-1100, and A-187. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) type lubricant is selected from one of: PEG400, PEG600, PEG1000, and PEG3000. The organic salt type antistatic agent is selected from organic quaternary ammonium type and imidazoline. The organic quaternary ammonium type antistatic agent is selected from the products of the following model number: 1631, 1827, 1227. The pH regulator is selected from one of citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and boric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The salt is nitrate, carbonate, chloride, acetate, citrate, oxalate, formate or lactate. The high-molecular compound is citric acid, oxalic acid or tartaric acid. The dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of high-molecular compound to total metal anions is 0.5-2:1. The molar ratio of dispersing agent to high-molecular compound is 0.5-2:2. Preferred Conditions: The heating temperature and drying temperature are 60-100 degrees C and 200-300 degrees C, respectively. The reaction time is 6-30 hours. Calcining is carried out at heating rate of 100-200 degrees C/hour at 800-1400 degrees C for 1-5 hours. The output power of microwave is 3-6 kW. The quenching treatment temperature is 1400-1500 degrees C, and quenching time is 15-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: In the agent, the oxalic acid metal complex includes one or more of the complexes which take oxalic acid as ligand or one of the ligands and prepared with one metal of nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, cadmium, copper, aluminum, chromium, calcium, magnesium, iron, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, europium, yttrium, lutetium, erbium, lithium, sodium, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum and so on or metal groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-heat-fusible sheet provided between the exterior films consists of polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal film contains silver. The transparent electrode film contains indium-tin oxide and/or fluorine doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanoparticle is a noble metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic compound is 1-16C aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably 1-6C aliphatic carboxylic acid. The polymer dispersing agent contains free carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal in porous carbon material is 1 weight% or more. The porous carbon material contains two or more types of metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex is amine complex or ethylenediamine complex. Preferred Condition: The baking process is carried out at 200 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of cyclic sulfone compound in nonaqueous electrolyte, is 0.1-2 %mass. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains cyclic carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond, or halogenated cyclic carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant material contains polyamide resin or oxide particles of group-IV elements, group-XIII elements or group-XIV elements. The electrolyte solution is maintained using high molecular compound which is polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Properties: The porous metal oxide semiconductor film has mean pore diameter of 10-40 nm and pore volume of 0.25-0.8 ml/g. A titanium oxide thin film (7) containing peroxotitanic acid is provided between electrode layer and metal oxide semiconductor film. The titanium oxide thin film has thickness of 10-70 nm, pore volume of 0.01-0.20 ml/g and mean pore diameter of 0.5-5 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersion medium is chosen from water, alcohol, ketone, glycol, ether and turpentine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thickener is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl methyl cellulose, acrylic resin, ketone resin and melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layers (12 and/or 13) contain white-colored coloring agent. The resin layer (11) contains infrared-permeability coloring agent. The resin layers (11, 12 and 13) comprises grafted polymer which is obtained by polymerizing silicon-containing thermoplastic resin with monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of silicone-containing rubber. Preferred Properties: The back surface protective film has reflectance of 50% or more with respect to wavelength of 400-1400 nm (preferably, 800-1400 nm), transmittance of 60% or more with respect to wavelength of 800-1400 nm, absorption factor of 60% or more with respect to wavelength of 400-700 nm and thickness of 30-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base material thermoplastic resin film contains greater than or equal to 2 mass% of inorganic particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame retardant is non halogen flame-retardant compound, inorganic metal, and/or inorganic metallic compound which contains phosphorus and/or nitrogen atom. The substance with a saccharide is cellulose. Preferred Parameter: The shape of the cellulose is spherical.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material thermoplastic resin film is a porous white thermoplastic resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amino acid unit includes structural unit of bivalent hydrocarbon group, ester group, ether group, amide group, amino group, thioether group, oxyethylene group and/or oxyphenylene group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The former surface of the light guide substrate is coated with hydrophobic material selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, reaction modifier containing polymeric anhydride, silicone gum, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the solar heating continuous stable biogas producing system, the pipes among the heater (8), the heat storing device (1) and the automatic constant-temperature control device (3) are provided with valves (11). The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) is respectively connected to the heating heat medium temperature sensor (9) inside the biogas tank (4), the material liquid temperature sensor (10) in the heater (8) and the valves (11). The upper part of the biogas tank (4) is provided with a feeding hole (5) and a ventilation hole (6); the lower part of the biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material is provided with a material discharging hole (7). The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The flowing medium of the heat medium of the pipe (2) is heat conductive oil or water. The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) uses natural convection circulation control or forcible convection circulation control. The biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material uses steel or plastic or thin film material; the temperature-preserving material uses mineral wool or polyurethane or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent cover whose lower edge and the bottom cover are provided with a waterproof rubber ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Fluid: In the fluid above, the oil phase carries the aqueous phase out of the fuel cell as the oil phase exits the fuel cell. The aqueous phase is a byproduct of the fuel cell. The oil phase is a hydroflorether. Aqueous phase includes an additive, where the additive is at least one of a rust inhibitor, an oxidative inhibitor, and an antiwear agent. Emulsifier is a nonionic emulsifier. Emulsifier comprises at least one of a polymer having hydrophobic moieties or hydrophilic moieties, or both. Preferred Device: In the device above, the fuel cell fluid includes an oil phase for carrying the microemulsion. The controller is configured to control the valve to adjust an amount of an aqueous phase of the fuel cell fluid; or the controller is configured to control the valve in response to a condition of the fuel cell fluid exiting a fuel cell. The condition comprises saturation of the fuel cell fluid with an aqueous phase, where the aqueous phase is water. Fuel cell is a porous plate fuel cell; or the fuel cell fluid is a coolant. Preferred Method: In the method above, the aqueous phase fluid includes liquid byproducts, thermal byproducts, or both.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The crosslinked unsaturated carboxylic ester polymer has structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-R1)(-COOR2))-.R1=H or 1-3C alkyl;andR2=1-3C alkyl.The exterior component is a laminated film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium-containing complex oxide is preferably lithium-nickel group complex oxide of formula: LixNiwM1'zM1'e1-(w+z)O2+d.M1'=Co and/or Mn;M1e'=metallic element different from M1';w=0.3-1;z=0-0.7;andw+z=0.9-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic boranes are tris(pentafluorophenyl)boranes. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains 50 ppm or more of organic boranes by weight ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Apparatus: In the photovoltaic apparatus, the energy storage device is a member selected from a low voltage battery, a high voltage battery, a capacitor, and a combination. The solar modules are mounted in solar panel defining a laminate structure having a backing layer, a first polymer layer, a solar module layer, a second polymer layer, and a glass layer. The solar modules are formed within the first and second polymer layers as an integral unit. The solar module is laminated within a durable polymer material. Each solar module is mounted in a solar panel formed of a material selected from polymer, composite polymer, thin film amorphous silicon, and combinations. each solar module includes a set of solar cells arranged in a predetermined configuration. The predetermined configuration is an array. The solar cells are mounted on cross connectors within the polymer layers. The solar modules form a solar panel having four solar modules. The solar modules form a solar panel defining a curvilinear geometry. The solar panel curves in multiple directions. Moreover, each solar module is electrically coupled to a corresponding DC/DC boost converter. Also, each solar module is electrically coupled to a corresponding DC/DC converter having electrical pathways within the converter that are electrically isolated from each other. The solar modules are mounted on a roof of the vehicle. The solar panel is mounted on a deck lid of the vehicle. The solar cells within each solar module are arranged to maximize radiation reception.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inert gas comprises argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric material comprises polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Module: In the solar cell module, the adsorbent of the wiring has a horizontal direction thickness parallel to a surface direction of the solar cell element, and has a vertical direction thickness perpendicular to the surface direction of the solar cell element, and the horizontal direction thickness is thicker than the vertical direction thickness. The adsorbent of the wiring is a film including a material that absorbs and desorbs water, and adheres to the surface of the wiring. The terminal portion is sealed by a silicon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pressure disk and rupture disk are made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The low molecular charge transport agent has molecular weight of 400-1500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum-modified composite catalyst contains ruthenium-iridium-platinum oxide of formula: RuxIr1-xO2-Pty. The aqueous solution comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. The platinum compound is chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetrachloride, tetraamminedichloroplatinum or sodium chloroplatinate. The protective gas is an inert gas, preferably highly pure argon gas, neon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas or helium gas. The ruthenium compound is ruthenium trichloride or ammonium chlororuthenate. The iridium compound is chloroiridic acid, iridium trichloride or iridium tetrachloride. The casting solvent is nitrate, preferably potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate.x=0.1-0.9;andy=0.05-0.95.Preferred Property: The grain size of the nanopowder is 5-10 nm. Preferred Process: The ultrasonic mixing of the mixture is carried out with power of 200-1000 W. The constant temperature is 30-80 degrees C. The drying is carried out at 60-100 degrees C. The thermal treatment is carried out at 300-800 degrees C for 30 minutes to 3 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The reducer is formaldehyde, sodium formate, glycol, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride. The alcohol is isopropanol, n-butanol or absolute ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The conductive glass is mixture of tin dioxide conductive glass and fluorine or indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is titania, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, manganese dioxide, or cobalt oxide. The semiconductor acetate is titanium acetate, zinc acetate, arsenic acetate, magnesium acetate, iron acetate, manganese acetate, cobalt acetate or nickel acetate. Preferred Process: The titania-acetate-polymer spinning solution is subjected to stainless steel guide tube spraying device. The thickness of stainless steel guide tube is 0.1-2 mm. The conduction glass is a receiving device. The distance between the spraying device and the receiving device is maintained at 1-30 cm. The positive pole of the high-voltage power source is connected with the stainless steel guide tube, and the negative pole is connected to the conduction glass to form conductive glass with titania-acetate-polymer compound nanofiber film. The voltage of 1-30 KV is loaded between positive pole and negative pole. The pre-sediment titania film on the surface of the conductive glass is pretreated using plasma.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic titanium alkoxide is tetraethyl titanate, propyl ester titanate, titanium isopropoxide or butyl titanate. The light sensitization agent is cis-bis(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)dithiocyanato ruthenium (II), cis-di(thiocyanato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4-carboxylate-4'-carboxylic acid)-ruthenium(II), or black dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the body, the wavelength shifter is mixed in the silica aerogel material. The body is evacuated and super-insulating and has a thermal conductivity lambda , which is 0.007 W/ (mx K) or less. The silica aerogel material is water-resistant by a silane compound being bound into the silica aerogel material. In the body, an encasing material surrounds the body. The encasing material is transparent materials, plastic foils, glass panels or plastic sheets. The body is a panel with a thickness of up to 5 cm, and a size of up to 1.5 mx 2 m (widthx length). The body is a halfpipeshaped body. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode is made of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, silver, tin and lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture contains titanium oxide powder (98-70 weight%) and carbon precursor (2-30 weight%). The carbon precursor is chosen from starch, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl cellulose. Preferred Properties: The heating process is carried out at 200-900 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. The hydrocarbon layer has thickness of 1-15 nm. Preferred Process: The method further involves pulverizing carbon-coated titanium powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide binder is alumina, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silica and/or titania.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is alcohol, benzene, toluene, pyridine, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and/or dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic peroxide has a half-life temperature of 118-121 degrees C with respect to 1 hour. The organic peroxide is preferably t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexylcarbonate. The content of organic peroxide is 0.5-4 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The composition has a shrinkage of 2% or less and an outgas-generation amount of 0.1% or less, during hardening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The titanium compound is titanium oxide particles having average particle diameter of 10 nm or less and/or titanium complex. The titanium complex is chosen from titanium pyridine complex, titanium ammine complex, peroxo titanium complex, titanium ethylenediamine acetic acid complex, titanium acetylacetone complex, titanium acetic acid complex, titanium citric-acid complex, titanium oxalic acid complex, titanium tetramethylammonium hydroxide complex and/or titanium complex having 2 or more ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The crosslinked acrylic resin particles have average particle diameter of 10 nm to 1 mu m. Preferred Process: The crosslinked acrylic resin particles are obtained by carrying out emulsion polymerization of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, emulsion polymerization of 1-20C alkyl (meth)acrylate in presence of an internal crosslinking agent, or emulsion polymerization of vinyl-type polymeric compound having a functional group with active hydrogen and 1-20C alkyl (meth)acrylate, and crosslinking obtained emulsion of acrylic resin particles by adding external crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The distribution particle size (D50) of the carbon material is 2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin having basic functional group contains polymer (G1) and polymer (G2). The polymer (G1) is obtained by reacting isocyanate group of urethane pre-polymer (C1) having isocyanate group in both terminal, and primary and/or secondary amino group of polyamine (D1). The urethane pre-polymer (C1) having isocyanate group in both terminals is obtained by reacting terminal portion of hydroxy group of vinyl polymer (A1) and diisocyanate (B1). The obtained polymer (G1) has amine titer value of 1-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polymer (G2) is obtained by reacting primary and secondary amino group of polymer (C2) and isocyanate group of polyisocyanate (D2). The primary and secondary amino group of polymer (C2) is obtained by reacting (meth)acryloyl group of polymer (A2) having (meth)acryloyl group(s) in the terminal portion, and primary and/or secondary amino group of polyamine. The obtained polymer (G2) has amine titer value of 5-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The vinyl polymer (A1) is obtained by radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a12) in the presence of compound (a11) having two hydroxy group and one thiol group in a molecule. The polymer (A2) having (meth)acryloyl group(s) in the terminal portion contains vinyl polymer or polyester. Preferred Composition: The battery composition further contains solvent, positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material, and binder component other than resin having basic functional group. The binder component is the high molecular compound containing fluorine in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode is porous (preferably perforated), woven, compressed non-woven, screened, meshed, or in the form of a foam. The anode comprises a foil. The oxygen reduction catalyst is selected from noble metals, transition metal oxides, transition metal porphyrins, phthalocyanines, polymerized porphyrins, polymerized phthalocyanines, perovskites, cobalt salt pyrolyzed with polyacrylonitrile (Co-Pan), and/or their pyrolyzed products. The oxygen reduction catalyst is on one side of the porous substrate. The porous substrate is selected from graphite, carbon black, carbon-based cloth, graphite-based cloth, and a metal screen. The oxygen reduction catalyst is further supported on a material selected from carbon-black, graphite, charcoal, and activated carbon. The porous substrate is perforated. The dry separator further comprises a salt selected from chloride, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, phosphate monobasic, phosphate dibasic, borate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phthalate, and acetate salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, ammonium, and zinc, lithium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, potassium fluoride, zinc nitrate, and/or potassium carbonate. The salt is impregnated into the hydrophilic membrane. The hydrophilic membrane comprises a material selected from polyethylene oxide, paper, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, starch, agar, and/or their composites, or blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture method of porous electrode substrate further involves performing compression molding of precursor sheet at 200 degrees C or less between the process of manufacturing precursor sheet and carbonization process, and oxidation treatment of precursor sheet at 200-300 degrees C between carbonization process and compression molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-monoxide oxidation catalyst contains hopcalite and/or noble metal supported catalyst. The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent comprises zeolite and strontium oxide. Preferred Compound: The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent does not require water for adsorption of carbon dioxide. Preferred Property: The carbon-dioxide adsorption agent has pore diameter of 0.4 nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material film and negative electrode electric potential forming layer are formed of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode active material film is made of manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferrous (Fe), phosphorus (P), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), copper (Cu) and lithium (Li).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of component (b) and component (c) is 20-80 parts mass and 10-70 parts mass, respectively with respect to component (a) (100 parts mass). The component (a) is synthesized from hydrogenated polybutadiene compound (a1) having 2 or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule, compound (a2) having 2 or more isocyanate groups in a molecule and (meth)acrylic compound (a3) which has hydroxyl group in a molecule. The component (c) is at least one of isobornyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl oxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate or 1-adamantanyl (meth)acrylate. Preferred Property: The mean molecular weight of compound (a1) is 1000-4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is molybdenum-plated glass, molybdenum-plated ceramic, molybdenum-plated titanium foil, molybdenum-plated stainless steel foil, or molybdenum-plated polyimide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The non-vacuum liquid phase process comprises spin coating, casting, pulling, screen printing, ink printing, or roll coating. Annealing is carried out at 400-600 degrees C for 10-20 minutes. Preferred Component: The halogen compound is MX, MX2, or M'X4. The sulfur source comprises elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium sulfide, ammonium salts of sulfur, and/or hydrazonium salts of sulfur. The selenium source comprises elemental selenium, hydrogen selenide, ammonium selenide, ammonium salts of selenium, and/or hydrazonium salts of selenium.M=Cu;X=Cl, Br, or I; andM'=Sn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent containing strong coordinating group is ethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, methanamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethanamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetylamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, or hydrazine solvent of formula R4R5N-NR6R7. The ammonium salts of sulfur and selenium are salts formed by hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen selenide, and N-R1R2R3; or salts formed by hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen selenide, and R4R5N-NR6R7.R1-R7=aromatic group, -H, -CH3, -C2H5, or 3-6C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon fiber is one or more of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber, adhesive-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, graphite fiber, and carbon nanofiber; where the diameter of the carbon fiber is 1-10 mu m and the length is 1-30 mm; and the diameter of the carbon nanofiber is 5-50 nm and the length is 5-30 mu m. The diameter and the length of the carbon nanotube is 5-50 nm and 5-30 mu m respectively. The adhesive is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or copolymer resin of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The solvent is water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or ethylene glycol; where the amount of the solvent is 1000-3000 times the total weight of the carbon nanotube and the carbon fiber. Preferred Conditions: Thermal processing is carried out at 300-400 degrees C for 10-60 minutes. The vacuum pressure of the vacuum filtration is 0.0001-0.1 MPa and the vacuuming time is 10-300 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The charging circuit is provided with a universal serial bus (USB) interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface active agent is polyethylene glycol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The soluble metal salt comprises ester salt, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, and/or or alkyl compound of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, tin, lithium sodium, potassium, tungsten, or magnesium. The soluble metal salt comprises ester salt, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, and/or alkyl compound of titanium, silver, iron nickel manganese, cobalt, ruthenium, chromium, iridium, vanadium, or tin. The volume ratio of water to the polar solvent is (1:50)-(1:5). Preferred Method: Annealing comprises heating at 20-35 degrees C to 200-1000 degrees C for 1-100 degrees C/minute, standing for 1-10 hours, and cooling until the temperature reaches the room temperature. The metal/metal oxide compound is heated until the temperature is 200-1000 degrees C at 1-100 degrees C/minute, and standing for 1-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, nickel cobalt manganese material, lithium permanganate and/or lithium iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bismaleimides has general formula (I).R1=-CH2-CH2-, -(CH2)6-, -(CH2)8-, -(CH2)12-, -CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2- or group of general formulae (II-VII).The monomer of the super-bifurcation macromolecule also comprises N-phenyl maleimide or N-cyclohexyl maleimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monomer of the super-bifurcation macromolecule also has tri-(4-phenyl maleimide)amine or polybenzyl maleimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal carbonate is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and rubidium carbonate. The alkaline-earth metal carbonate is chosen from magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and barium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aromatic dihalogen-type monomer is chosen from 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane. The phenolic-type monomer or bisphenol-based monomer is chosen from hydroquinone sulfonic acid potassium salt, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-diphenyl oxide disodium salt, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-3-sulfonic acid monosodium salt, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid monosodium salt, potassium-5,5'-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and potassium-2,2'-(9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene)sulfonate. The organic solvent is chosen from N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide and N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit is boron oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, bismuth oxide and/or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethyl digol or terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycols, ethyl cellulose or acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type transparent conductive material is: of formula (CuMO2) (I) or (Cu2XSrXO2) (II); and copper aluminum dioxide (CuAlO2) having the copper to aluminum ratio of 0.8-1.2. The p-type transparent conductive layer: has a thickness of at least 50 nm; and is formed by direct current (DC) reactive sputtering using a copper aluminum alloy target or radio frequency (RF) sputtering using a copper aluminum dioxide target. The semiconductive film comprises a p-type semiconductive layer, and an n-type semiconductive layer, where the n-type semiconductive layer is formed on the p-type semiconductive layer. The p-type semiconductive layer is a copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) layer, and the n-type semiconductive layer is a cadmium selenide or zinc selenide layer. The transparent conductive layer is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, where the TCO is tin-doped indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide or and undoped zinc oxide. The substrate is a soda-lime glass, quartz, transparent plastic or a transparent flexible material.M = IIIA element including Al, B, Ga, In or Tl; andX = greater than zero.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound used for precipitation of zinc includes hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide and ammonium sulfide, or sodium hydrogen sulfide, potassium hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonium hydrogen sulfide and their derivatives.The alkaline compound comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or lithium hydroxide.The basic compound is caustic soda, ammonia, zinc oxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The mineral acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid and/or hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mechanism has a PTFE cloth wrapped on a rectangular metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide thin film block is a rectangular block with similar gaps between the blocks. Two perfusing holes are located at the upper and lower opposite angles or at the diagonal positions of the rectangular block. The low melting-point glass powder slurry is formed of a mixture of ethyl cellulose or terpineol and the low melting-point glass powder; and the thermal softening point temperature of the low melting-point glass powder is 400-500 degrees C, while the coefficient of thermal expansion matches with that of the transparent conductive glass plate. The filling material is chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Preferably, in preparing the perfluorinated high-temperature proton conductor composite film, the process in (b) comprises placing the pre-treated Nafion film into the drying oven to dry for 6-8 hours at 100-120 degrees C into constant weight; and the process in (c) comprises placing for 1-2 hours at room temperature, slowly vaporizing the water in the film, placing the composite film into the vacuum drying tank, and drying for 1-2 hours at 90-110 degrees C into constant weight. Preferred Composition: In (a), the volume concentration of the H2O2 aqueous solution is 3-8%, and the temperature is 70-90 degrees C; and the concentration of the H2SO4 aqueous solution is 0.3-0.8 mol/L, and the temperature is 70-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The package material comprises materials of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyolefin, polyurethane, or siloxane. In the silicon solar photovoltaic module, the porous package material is used for packing silicon solar photovoltaic module; the porous package material is arranged between the silicon solar batteries and the first package layer and the second package layer; the second package layer can be replaced by the porous package material; the porous package material is plastic film structure which can be foamable high molecular material additionally arranged between the silicon solar batteries and the first package layer and the second package layer; the transparent base material comprises glass or plastic base material; and the back plate comprises composite layer formed by glass and polyvinyl fluoride. In the film solar photovoltaic module, the film solar battery comprises cladding plate silicon film solar battery, cladding plate copper-indium-gallium-selenium film solar battery, or cladding plate cadmium-tellurium film solar battery; and the silicon film solar battery comprises non-crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, stacked silicon film, or three-layer silicon films. Preferred Parameters: The reflectivity of the package material is 7-45%. Preferred Process: The chemical cross-linking comprises peroxide or silane cross-linking. The physical cross-linking comprises electronic beam cross-linking or gamma ray cross-linking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The thermoplastic polymer is polycarbonate. Preferred Layer: A connection layer (15) formed using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is interposed between surface layer and cell layer. The packaging structure further has a light reflection layer formed using thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The micron conductive fiber is nickel plated carbon fiber, stainless steel fiber, copper fiber, and/or silver fiber (preferably stainless steel fiber). The conductive materials comprise conductive powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflective material comprises aluminum metal. The color material comprising a gold color dye is applied to aluminum layer, to produce gold tint.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aluminum layer is anodized and dyed using ferric ammonium oxalate or ferric sodium oxalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate of reflector is formed of polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The salt of metallic compound is salt with bivalent metallic compound or salt with bivalent metallic compound and monovalent metallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer contains salt of polyvinyl alcohol type compound, unsaturated carboxylic acid compound and metallic compound, preferably salt of (meth)acrylic acid and metallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film of polylactic acid having stereo complex structure is heat-processed by contacting to a roll surface having surface temperature of 60-200 degrees C. The adhesive layer contains two liquid reaction type polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The capping layer comprises polysilicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from a material e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester and phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent of mixed solution is water. The IB group element is copper or silver. The IIIA group element is aluminum, indium or gallium. The VIA group element is sulfur, selenium or tellurium. The thin-film solar cells comprise IB-IIIA-VIA group thin-film solar cells or macromolecule thin-film solar cells. The IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder is a precursor of IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure is of copper pyrites structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure is mixed with conductive polymer to apply in macromolecule thin-film solar cells. Preferred Processes: The method further comprises washing mixed solution with cleaning solvent before drying mixed solution, with cleaning solvent of deionized water or ethyl alcohol. The method of transforming amorphous phase powder into IB-IIIA-VIA group crystal phase structure involves calcining IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder. The method comprises supplying mixed solution containing IB, IIIA, VIA group element in periodic table of chemical element and any group solution of elements, with solvent of mixed solution comprising water; heating mixed solution; washing and filtering mixed solution; and drying mixed solution to obtain nanometer IB-IIIA-VIA group amorphous phase powder, with amorphous phase powder comprising precursor of copper pyrites structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA group copper pyrites structure is used as photo-electric conversion element in thin-film solar cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed contains no organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) mixed with polystyrol sulfonic acid ethylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid crystal polymer film contains a thermoplastic resin having thermotropic liquid crystal property and heat-resistant type which is classified into I type (Econol type), II type (Vectra type) and III type (X7G type), or an alloy. When the filled layer comprises crosslinked-type ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin, the easily bonding layer contains ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin having vinyl acetate content of 2-30%. Preferred Process: The easily bonding layer is obtained by mixing polyethylene-type resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate-type resin and/or acrylic resin. The insulating layer comprises a polyethylene-terephthalate film. A two-pack curing-type adhesive agent adheres liquid crystal polymer film, insulating layer and easily-bonding layer, and adhesive agent is hydrolysis-resistant adhesive agent comprising one component, a hardening agent or crosslinking agent of polycarbonate-type adhesive agent, a rubber adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive. Preferred Properties: The liquid crystal polymer film has deflection temperature of 180 degrees C or more at continuous duty temperature of 110 degrees C and under load. The thickness of the insulating layer is 6-600 mu m. The solar cell back surface protection sheet has thickness of 100-300 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 600 V, 150-450 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 1000 V and 250-700 mu m with respect to partial discharge voltage value of 1500 V. The liquid crystal polymer film and insulating layer has tensile elongation maintenance factor of 50-100%, lamination strength of 2 N/15 mm width and water-vapor permeation rate of 3 g/m2.24 hours, after preservation at 85 degrees C and humidity of 85% for 3000 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrated inorganic coating layer contains nitride, where the nitride is selected from aluminum nitride or silicon nitride. The anti-fouling coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): silicon nitride (6-12) and fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): diethylene glycol diacrylate (30-50), propanediol diacrylate (15-35), photoinitiator i.e. benzoyl phenyl carbinol (10-15) and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. The organic polymer coating layer comprises (in pts.wt.): tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (20-40), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (15-30), poly(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether methacrylate (5-10), hydroxyl terminated epoxy ethane (5-10), hydroxyl terminated epoxy propane (5-10) and photoinitiator i.e. benzoyl phenyl carbinol (1-5). The anti-fouling coating layer comprises (in pts.wt): pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (15-35), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (8-15), polymerization initiator (0.1-3), ethanol and methyl ehtyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell body is made of hard plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The shell layer contains a conductive high molecular compound chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), polyvinyl carbazole, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and polyfluorene. Preferred Properties: The core layer is p-type semiconductor layer. The shell layer is n-type semiconductor layer. The nano-cable has diameter of 100 nm to 5 mu m and aspect ratio of 1:50-1:100. The core layer and shell layer have thickness of 20 nm to 1 mu m and 200 nm to 5 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The device layer contains nanoparticles or carbon nanotube in which nanoparticles are adhered on p-type or n-type semiconductor material. The nanoparticles contain aluminum oxide, barium carbonate, boron trioxide, bismuth oxide, calcium carbonate, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, lithium carbonate, lithium cobaltate, magnesium oxide, manganese carbonate, manganese oxide (MnO2,Mn3O4), niobium pentoxide, lead oxide, antimony trioxide, tin dioxide, strontium carbonate, tantalum pentoxide, titanium oxide, barium titanate, vanadium pentoxide, tungsten oxide, zirconia and zinc oxide. The carbon nanotube is single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nanotube or their mixture. The solar cell has electrolyte solution containing sulfuric acid or oxalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The device layer has a bottom electrode, a photoelectric cell layer and an upper electrode. The photoelectric cell layer is formed using conductive polymer chosen from polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfur nitride, and polyvinyl carbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the unalloyed titanium in the titanium base material is 0.05-0.3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal in metal film layer is gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, tin, aluminum and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antistatic agent is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and/or ampholytic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin layer contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl carbazole, polyurethane, polyester ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinylidene chloride. The polymer resin layer further contains water absorption additive and antistatic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron-accepting layer is made of phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Preferred Component: The protective layer is made of ceramics, metal or organic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photoactive layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of boron-based compound, polymer matrix and anionic compound are 1-30 weight%, 50-95 weight% and 5-95 weight%. The polymer matrix is polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoxazole, polyimide and/or polycarbonate. The anionic compound is chosen from phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and formic acid or its derivative, preferably phosphoric acid or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper energy transfer materials are made of conjugated polymer material such as polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent substrate material is a glass substrate, particularly a tempered or annealed float glass as toughened safety glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A semiconductor material from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, strontium titanate, copper sulfide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, cadmium selenide sulfide, tin oxide, lead oxide, cadmium selenide or titanium dioxide is used as metal chalcogenide compound semiconductor. The metal layer is formed by a metal selected from a group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum, lead, tantalum or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear side of the substrate is formed from a polymer film sandwich consisting of a thin polyvinyl-fluoride film and polyethylene terephthalate-film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium oxide is rutile-type titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin in the primary and secondary layers is aromatic vinyl-type resin, polyester-type resin or polyolefin-type resin. The aromatic vinyl-type resin includes rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin which is obtained by polymerizing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of rubbery polymer (a), and (co)polymer of aromatic vinyl compound. The content of the rubbery polymer is 5-40 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of aromatic vinyl-type resin. The rubbery polymer is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-type rubber, hydrogenated conjugated diene-type rubber, acrylic-type rubber, silicone-type rubber and/or silicone acrylic composite rubber. Preferred Arrangement: The primary layer is laminated on both surfaces of the secondary layer directly or through another layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the polycrystalline silicon ingot growing technique, the silicon nitride demolding agent is the high-purity silicon nitride obtained by soaking the silicon powder through the aqueous solution mixed with acid, performing the high-temperature desalting under the catalyst of the silicon nitride powder, and grinding and soaking in the aqueous solution mixed with acid again; where the mixed acid aqueous solution comprises muriatic acid, nitric acid, and water; the silicon nitride dope comprises high-purity silicon nitride powder or 0.05-5% of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution purified through positive ion exchange resin; the high temperature resistance of the silicon nitride is achieved through filling 0.1-4 kg of differential pressure high-purity ammonia; the mold is suspended in dissolving; the mold is supported on a water cooling lower rotating shaft in solidifying; and the heat field is regulated through downwardly moving the mold and regulating the cooling water flow speed simultaneously. Preferred Components: In the combined quartz ceramic crucible mold, the square column barrel-shaped mold comprises an upper top plate, two quartz ceramic components, and a quartz ceramic bolt; where the connection of the upper top plat and the quartz ceramic crucible is inserted by a groove, and is fixed by a quartz ceramic bolt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diffusion barrier consists of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, metal oxide and/or metal nitride. The metal oxide is aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The transparent metal oxide is titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, manganese oxide, hafnium oxide, germanium oxide, calcium-, magnesium-, and/or yttrium stabilized zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, samarium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and/or boroxide. The structured layer is produced from hydrolyzed- and polycondensable silicon- and/or silicon organic component and if necessary hydrolyzed- and polycondensable titanium-, zirconium-, aluminum-, zinc-, magnesium-, calcium-, cerium-, samarium-, gadolinium-, lanthanum-, boron-, yttrium- and/or tin component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The resin layer (A) is infrared ray-permeable colored resin layer. Preferred Composition: The resin layers (A-C) contain thermoplastic resin e.g. aromatic vinyl-type resin. The back sheet further contains water-barrier layer between resin layer (C) and resin layer (D). The water-barrier layer contains vapor deposition film including metal and/or metal oxide on its surface. Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layers (A and C) is less than the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layer (B). When light with wavelength of 400-700 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (A) in the back sheet, the absorption factor with respect to light is 60% or more. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (A) in back sheet, the reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The solar cell back sheet has thickness of 50-1000 mu m, and dimensional-change rate of less than plus minus 1% when the back sheet is maintained at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes. The resin layer (D) has flame retardance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The resin layers (11-13) contain thermoplastic resin e.g. aromatic vinyl-type resin. The glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layers (11 and 13) is less than the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin contained in resin layer (12). The solar cell back sheet further has a resin layer (A) provided in the outer surface of resin layer (14) and a water-vapor barrier layer provided between resin layers (13 and 14) or resin layer (14) and resin layer (A). Preferred Properties: When light with wavelength of 400-700 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) in the back sheet, the absorption factor with respect to light is 60% or more. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) of the back sheet having resin layer (14) as back surface protective layer, the reflectance with respect to light is less than 50%. When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is irradiated to the surface of resin layer (11) of the back sheet having resin layer (A) as back surface protective layer, the reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The water vapor barrier layer comprises a vapor-deposited film containing metal and/or metal oxide in its surface. The back surface protective layer is a resin layer having flame retardance. The solar cell back sheet has thickness of 50-1000 mu m, and dimensional-change rate of less than plus minus 1%, when the back sheet is maintained at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste is sulfuric acid, additive, lead powder and conductive polymer with Faraday pseudo-capacitor energy storage characteristics. The additive is barium sulfate, humic acid, and acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer with Faraday pseudo-capacitor energy storage characteristics is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, p-phenylene, polyacenes and/or polyethylene ferrocene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material has kernel-shell structure in which kernel is surface nano graphite material. The form agent is potassium hydroxide , sodium hydroxide, silicon dioxide or nickel(II) hydroxide which has chemical broaching function. The carbon source is resin, asphalt or coal tar. The weight ratio between carbon source and kernel material is 1-10:1 (preferably 2-3:1). The shielding gas atmosphere is ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen or argon. Preferred Process: The surface nano graphite forms nano fiber, nano aperture and carbon nano tube at primary surface. The low potential processing involves mixing kernel-shell material, acetylene black (electrical conductor) and polyvinylidene fluoride (binding material) according to weight ratio of 8:1:1, adding proper amount solution of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, grinding and mixing into pulpiness, tabletting mixture into slice with thickness of 20 mu m with tablet press, making slice into electrode slice after vacuum drying in 120 degrees C, separately configurating lithium foil electrically connected to upper and lower of electrode slice to obtain third-grade unit, impregnating third-grade unit into electrolyte of lithium ion battery, taking out after resting for 3 -10 days with vacuum encapsulation, and stripping lithium foil to obtain low potential processed negative plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone or n-hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum halide ionic liquid contains aluminum halide and preferably quat. ammonium salt, quat. phosphorus salt or quat. sulfur salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polysulfide is polysulfide carbine. The secondary aluminum battery according to claim 1, wherein the organic polysulfide is polysulfocyclopentadiene, polysulfonaphthalene, polysulfophenylamine, polysulfonaphthyridine, polysulfopyrrole, polysulfothiophene or polysulfofurfuran. Preferred Process: The polysulfide carbyne is prepared by mixing hydrogen-containing polyalkenyl halide with elemental sulfur, mixing polyvinylidene fluoride with elemental sulfur, uniformly mixing polyvinylidene fluoride with sulfur according to mass ratio of 1:2-5, slowly adding 100 ml of N-dimethyl formamide solution with stirring, slowly increasing temperature, completely dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in N,N-dimethyl formamide at 68-72 degrees C, completely dissolving sulfur in N-dimethyl formamide at 118-122 degrees C in which solution is yellow and depositing little of molten liquid elemental sulfur at bottom of flask, stopping heating after dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride and sulfur, violently stirring solution, slowly adding 100 ml of methyl alcohol dropwise in which uniform mixture of maize-yellow polyvinylidene fluoride and sulfur is gradually separated in solution and filtering solution and drying precipitate in vacuum for 12 hours for future use, and preparing polysulfide carbyne by heating mixture to react for 3 hours in tubular furnace of 300 degrees C in ammonia gas environment to obtain polysulfide carbyne, cooling polysulfide carbyne along with furnace and taking polysulfide carbyne out of furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The titanium dioxide thin film has thickness of 10-20 mu m. Preferred Process: The titanium dioxide slurry is spread to conductive glass in screen printing or knife coating way. The titanium dioxide sol is prepared by dissolving 1-15 wt.% of organic titanium compound in 40-60 wt.% of organic solvent at 50-70 degrees C under conduction of stirring, adding 30-50 wt.% of plasticizer to solution to obtain 100 wt.% of mixture, and heating mixture until temperature is 70-90 degrees C and stirring for 0.5-1 hour, or hydrolyzing inorganic titanium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pore-forming material is terpineol, alcohol solution of ethyl cellulose with concentration of 5-15 wt.% and/or polyethylene glycol. The organic titanium compound is isopropyl titanate or tetrabutyl titanate. The organic solvent is glycol and/or isopropanol. The plasticizer is citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and/or xylitol. The organic titanium salt is titanium tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is ethyl cellulose, terpinol, glycerine, absolute ethanol, butyl carbitol or butyl carbitol acetic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The solar water heating system conforms to the specification of GE50364.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydride of hydrocarbon resin is obtained by hydrogenating a polymer of 9C-type polymerizable monomer, and contains vinyltoluene (50 wt.% or more) and indene (20 wt.% or less). The hydrogenation rate of hydride of hydrocarbon resin is 40% or more, preferably 90% or more. The content of vinyl acetate unit in the copolymer resin is 20-80 wt.% or 5-50 wt.%. The hydride of hydrocarbon resin is obtained by hydrogenating product obtained by polymerizing using non-phenol type Friedel-Crafts type catalyst. The content of hydride is 1-200 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of copolymer resin. The hydride has a softening point of 80-150 degrees C and a weight average molecular weight of 800-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode active material is lithium manganese compound oxide (LixMn2O4), lithium nickel compound oxide (LixNiO2), lithium cobalt compound oxide (LixCoO2), lithium nickel cobalt compound oxide (LixNi1-yCoyO2), spinel type lithium manganese nickel compound oxide (LixMn2-yNiyO4), lithium manganese cobalt compound oxide (LixMnyCo1-yO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LixFePO4), where x and y independently are 0-1. The negative electrode active material is a carbonaceous material consisting of non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, graphite, cracked carbon, cokes, glassy carbon, organic polymer compound calcined materials, carbon fiber and activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The power supply unit of auditory appliance is wirelessly connected to the transmitter assembly in accordance with Bluetooth standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is one of aluminum and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar functional group is at least one of a carboxyl group and an amino group. The adhesive functional group is an epoxy group. The content of the adhesive functional group is 0.15-1.2 wt.% of total amount of the resin and the adhesive modifying agent. Preferred Method: The step of treating surface comprises: imparting a carboxyl group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with one of a monomer of acrylic acid, a polymer of acrylic acid, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid; imparting an amino group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with one of a monomer of allylamine and a polymer of allylamine; or imparting a carboxyl group and an amino group as the polar functional group to the surface of the metal portion with polyamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive functional group is one of a modified ethylene-styrene copolymer modified by glycidyl methacrylate, and a modified polyethylene modified by glycidyl methacrylate. The resin is an engineered plastic, which is one of a polyphenyl sulfide, polyamide, and polybutylene terephthalate. The adhesive modifying agent is present at 5-40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total amount of the resin and the adhesive modifying agent. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: polyphenylene sulfide (90 parts by weight); modified polyethylene-polystyrene copolymer (10 parts by weight); and epoxy group (0.3 wt.%)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The blocking layer of laminate strengthened sheet is made of metal selected from the group of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al) and their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer layer of laminate strengthened sheet is made of a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the inner layer of laminate strengthened sheet is formed of cast polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive paste includes binder of carbonic polymer and one of the aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, titanium and cadmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture further contains alcohol and/or thickener. The solvent is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (x) is acrylic resin. The composition further contains a hydrophilic polymeric material which does not have an acidic radical, and a tackifier. The hydrophilic polymeric material is a hydroxyl-containing polymeric material, preferably polyvinyl alcohol. The tackifier is emulsion-type tackifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The titanium nitride film is formed in the back surface electrode layer by sputtering method using titanium target and mixed gas containing argon gas and nitrogen gas. The mixed gas contains 40 volume% or more of nitrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material having specific surface area of 0.4-1.8 m2/g contains graphite particles whose interlayer distance in (002) plane is 0.335-0.337 nm. The surface of graphite particles is covered or adhered by amorphous carbon (1-30 %mass).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface-treating agent is silane coupling agent which has alkyl, acryl, methacryl, epoxy and/or vinyl as organic functional groups. The electrolytic solution further contains aprotic solvent, disulfonic acid ester, vinylene carbonate or its derivative(s), or 1,3-propane sultone or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The electrolyte solution is gelatinized using polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alicyclic amine compound comprises diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl amine, 3-(lignocaine) propyl amine, tris-(2-aminoethyl) amine, tetramethyl ethylene diamine, ethylene diamine, 3,3'-imino bis(propyl amine), polyoxypropylenediamine, and polyoxypropylenetriamine. It includes bis(4-amino-3-methyldicyclohexyl)methane, diamino dicyclohexyl methane, bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, N-aminoethylpyrazine, 3,9-bis(3-aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, isophorone diamine, hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-lupetazin, 2-methylimidazole, and alpha -ethyl-4-methylimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The fiber reinforcing agent comprises glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and polyester fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode active material is lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-iron oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium sulfide and molybdenum sulfide. The conductive material is carbon black. The battery contains electrolyte having lithium hexafluorophosphate and solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic solar cell further has a charge transport layer (i) provided between the electrode (a) and organic active layer and a charge transport layer (ii) provided between the electrode (b) and organic active layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic active layer further contains an electron acceptor material, and an electron donor material comprising poly(phenylene vinylene) type polymer or poly(3-hexylthiophene) type polymer. Preferred Process: The organic active layer is formed by the heat-treating the coated composition of fullerene derivative (I or II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The inorganic filler is silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, potassium titanate, zirconium oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and/or titanium dioxide. The content of inorganic filler is 5-50 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The isocyanuric acid derivative is 1,3,5-tri(2,3-epoxypropyl)isocyanurate. The hardener is hexahydrophthalic anhydride or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The silicone resin is obtained by condensing glycidoxy alkyl trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder contains polymer(s) chosen from perfluoropolymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polysulfone polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, polyetherketone polymer, polyetheretherketone polymer and polyquinoxaline polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass first powder includes silica, boric oxide, bismuth oxide, alumina, zinc oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide and/or thallium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of thallium compound is 0.1-50 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluting agent is Texanol (RTM: ester alcohol), terpinol, cyclohexane, hexane, toluene, benzyl alcohol, dioxane, diethyleneglycol and/or dibutyl diethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The macromolecular binder includes cellulose-type binder or acrylic-type binder. The cellulose-type binder is ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and/or hydroxyethyl-hydroxypropylcellulose derivative. The additive includes regulating agent, dispersing agent and leveling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive active material includes graphite, artificial graphite, lithium-titanium oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-iron phosphate and lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide of formula: LiNixCoyMnzO2, where x+y+z is 1. The negative electrode current collector is made of copper, and the positive electrode current collector is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The isolation film is formed using polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic electronic device further comprises a substrate disposed on the flexible barrier film for supporting the flexible barrier film. The organic electronic device further comprises an inorganic layer disposed between the adhesive layer and the flexible barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multi-functional acrylate is an aliphatic urethane acrylate. (b1) is tetraalkoxysilane or tetraalkyltitanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises disposing an inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film to form an inorganic layer on the flexible barrier film. The step of disposing the inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film comprises plasma chemical vapor depositing the inorganic composition on the flexible barrier film. The step of disposing the composition on the substrate comprises gravure rolling the composition on the substrate. In the method, the composition further comprises a photoinitiating agent and the step of curing the composition to form the flexible barrier film on the substrate comprises applying ultraviolet radiation to the composition. The reaction product is formed in the presence of a siloxane polymerization catalyst comprising sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or amines. Preferred Components: The flexible barrier film has a thickness of greater than zero to less than 500 nm. The flexible barrier film has a water vapor transmission rate of no more than 10-3 g/m2/day at 22 degrees C and 47% relative humidity. The substrate is a polymeric substrate comprising polyesters, polyethersulfones, polyimides and/or fluorocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The optical coupling material comprises an optical grade epoxy, or ethylene vinyl acetate, silicones, or polyurethanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The barrier layer contains an electrically conductive metal compound having a thickness of 2-500 nm. The electrically conductive metal compound is a metal oxide. The metal oxide is a zinc oxide and/or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The tin-, copper- or silver-containing contact layer contains an alloy of the metals with further metal(s). The contact layer is a tin-containing layer which contains at least partly oxidized tin and/or an at least partly oxidized tin alloy. The contact strips are coated with a tin-solder having a layer thickness of 5-50 mu m. The back electrode layer has a metallic reflector layer, and a barrier layer comprising a material not alloying with the solder and/or the metallic reflector layer is provided between the contact layer and the metallic reflector layer. The barrier layer not alloying with the solder is a metallic barrier layer and contains layer(s) of metal(s) including titanium, zircon, hafnium, aluminum, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel and tellurium or an alloy containing at least two of the metals or an alloy of one of the metals with further metal(s) with one of the metals being the main component. The metallic reflector layer contains layer(s) comprising silver, aluminum, copper and/or chromium or an alloy of the metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The back surface encapsulation material is formed from an embedding foil comprising ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyolefin or silicone. The protective layer contains glass and/or plastic foil. The plastic foil contains polycondensate or fluorine-containing hydrocarbon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin film is fluorine resin composition which contains polymethyl methacrylate resin as acrylic resin (5-50 mass parts) and polyvinylidene fluoride resin (50-95 mass parts) as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of compound of group IV element(s) is 3-10 weight ppm. The amount of compound of group II element(s) is 10-35 weight ppm. The compound of group IV element(s) is titanium compound. The compound of group II element(s) is magnesium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester resin is obtained by performing esterification and polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid component containing terephthalic acid as main component, and diol component containing ethylene glycol as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The barrier film has a partial discharge voltage of at least 1000 V, a transparency of more than 80% in the range of more than 300 nm. An adhesive layer (2) formed from an adhesion promoter is present in between the inorganic barrier layer and the protective layer. The composition of the adhesive layer comprises (in wt.%): polyfunctional acrylate or methacrylate (10-80), prepolymer (0-30), siloxane-containing acrylate or methacrylate (0-48), at least one initiator (0.1-10), at least one regulator (0-10) and additive (0-40). The adhesive layer is formed from a melt adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further contains an electrolyte dissociation promoter (B), a carbonate compound (C) having polymerizable unsaturated bond, and a compound (D) having a vinyl ether group or propenyl ether group. The modified polysiloxane is of formula: (Q1)c-SiO((-R1)3-c)-(SiO(-R2)(-R3))a-(SiO(-Q1)(-R4))b-SiO((-R5)3-d)-(Q1)d or of formula (I).R1-R8=alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy;Q1,Q2=group having nitrogen atom and polymerizable unsaturated bond, preferably group of formula (i) or (A2)g-N+(-CH3)-((R10O)m-R11)3-gY-;a=0-200;b=4-200;c,d=0 or 1;e=0-100;f=1-100;e+f=7-200;R9=H, methyl or ethyl;A1,A2=organic group (a) having polymerizable unsaturated bond, preferably -R12-C(-Q3)=C(-Q4)-Q5, group of formula (ii) or (meth)acryloyloxy alkyl group;X-,Y-=anion;R10=2-4C alkylene;R11=1-3C alkyl;g=1-3;m=1-5;R12,R13=1-3C alkylene;Q3-Q5,Q7-Q9=H, 1-4C alkyl group, phenyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, cyano, carboxy, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl;andQ6=H or halo.Preferred Compounds: The electrolyte dissociation promoter is ether compound having donor number of 16-40 and/or sulfoxide compound having donor compound 16-40. The sulfoxide compound is of formula: R14-S(=O)-R15. The ether compound is of formula: R16-O-(CH2CH2O)n-R17. The carbonate compound is of formula (IX and/or X). The compound (D) having vinyl ether group or propenyl ether group is cyclohexane derivative of formula: R22-CH=CH-O-(CH2)p-O-CH=CH-R23 or R24-CH=CH-O-(C2H4O)q-O-CH=CH-R25.R14-R17=1-5C alkyl;n=1-10;R18,R19=H or 1-3C alkyl;R20,R21=H or 2-3C alkenyl;R22-R25=H or methyl;p=4-10;andq=1-5.Preferred Salt: The onium salt is imidazolium salt and/or quaternary ammonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid crystal polymer film is thermoplastic resin having thermotropic liquid crystal property and chosen from Econol (RTM: polyester resin), Vectra (RTM: polyester resin) and X7G (RTM: polyester resin). The insulation and adhesive resin layer is polyethylene-type film, ethylene vinylacetate film or unextended polypropylene film. The polyethylene-terephthalate film has thickness of 0.5-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of amorphous poly-( alpha )-olefin polymer with respect to 100 parts mass of butyl rubber is 20-350 parts mass. The composition further contains catalyst (0.07-7 parts mass) with respect to butyl rubber (100 parts mass). The total content of organic substance of butyl rubber is 12-25 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A solar battery substrate comprises a polysilicon layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent body is made of polyurethane, epoxy resin, unsaturated resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photochemically active dye comprises vicinal diarylethene, nitrone, nitrostilbene, or photoreactive aromatic cyclodione (preferably cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon selected from at least one of quinine, benzoquinone, phenanthrenedione, anthracenedione and chrysenedione).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device is a thin film photovoltaic device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The metal is bismuth, copper, cadmium, lead, tin, zinc, silver, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, aluminum, antimony, chromium, iron, nickel, rhodium, tantalum, titanium, or vanadium, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises 0.001-5, preferably 0.1-0.4 wt.% 1H-benzotriazole. It further comprises a phenolic antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thienothiophene moiety is optionally substituted with substituent(s) from 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 3-20C heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyanide, nitrogen dioxide, and SO2R. The thienothiophene moiety is optionally substituted with halo or fluoro. The electron acceptor material comprises optionally substituted fullerene. The electron acceptor material comprises 61C-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester.R=H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, or 3-20C heterocycloalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polarizing electrodes contains a material comprising ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium titanate, strontium-ruthenium oxide, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and/or activated carbon, preferably ruthenium oxide and/or carbon nanotube or ruthenium oxide and/or activated carbon. The electrolyte layer contains ruthenium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, boron fluoride, trifluoromethanesulfonate or quaternary phosphonium salt. The current collectors contains copper, tungsten, tungsten nitride, cobalt, ruthenium, nickel, silver, titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, aluminum, gold, platinum and/or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer comprises polymer gel of polymer-salt complex containing polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polythiophene, polypyrrole and/or polyaniline, and salt chosen from thiocyanate, iodine, perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium anion (lithium phosphorus oxynitride or lithium fluoride) and hydrogen anion. Preferred Layer: The electrolyte layer is lithium phosphorus oxynitride or lithium fluoride layer.
Preferred Definitions:    A=group of formula: -R1-P(=O)(-OR2)(-OR3);    R1=1-20C linear, branched or cyclic alkenylene, 6-20C aromatic chain or alkylene, and in which portion of H is optionally substituted by halo;    R2,R3=H or 1-8C linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;    Z=groups chosen from formulae (iv)-(vi);and    R4-R24=H, vinyl, halo or phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: Two or more types of catalyst is supported on carbon powder. The carbon powder is heat-processed at 500-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex oxide is complex oxide of formula MeMnO3. The positive electrode contains lithium transition metal composite oxide.Me=Sm, Y, La, Pr, Eu, or Dy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The macromolecule material and plasticizer are added through adjusting composition and ratio of lithium salt in ionic liquid system and organic compound or directly compounded with macromolecule material with amino formic ether structure to prepare full-solid or gel polymer composite electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The valve body is made from copper or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The valve body can also be made from PTFE materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The panel is made of a metal selected from the group comprising aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, iron and iron alloys, and different types of stainless steels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material further contains electron-accepting organic material which is fullerene compound, preferably C70 derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backstop is made up of lacunaris pipe which is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetraflouroethylene, and lacunaris china.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inactive metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The active material for de-intercalation of lithium comprises spinel lithium manganate and/or ferrous lithium phosphate. The conductive agent comprises conductive carbon black, superconducting carbon black, conductive graphite, acetylene black, and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, and absolute ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive comprises polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic film is made of polypropylene or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Solar Cell Module: The housing is bonded to an encapsulant layer on one side of the solar cell module only, without connection to the other side of the module. Multiple electroconductive connections with multiple housings are bonded to the solar cell module and all housings are bonded to the same side, be it the front side or the back side of the module. The housing is bonded to an encapsulant layer on both sides of the solar cell module. The module is a flexible module provided with a first encapsulant layer at one side of the module and a second encapsulant layer at the opposite side of the module. The housing or its relevant part, and the encapsulant layer to which the housing is bonded, are based on the same type of polymer. The housing and the encapsulant layer are based on a thermoplastic fluoropolymer. Preferred Method: In manufacturing the solar cell module, the housing and the encapsulant layer are both transparent to the laser at the wavelength applied, and a laser light absorbing material is applied at the interface between the housing and the encapsulant layer. Either the housing or the encapsulant layer are transparent to laser light at the wavelength applied, with the other of housing or encapsulant layer not transparent to the laser light at the wavelength applied, with the laser directed at the interface between housing and encapsulant layer from the side of the component which is transparent to the laser light. During welding, a pressure is applied onto the housing, while the solar module is supported on a support surface. The pressure is applied using a pressure member, which is transparent for the laser light at the wavelengths applied. The pressure member is a disposable member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The handle substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The film(s) of materials comprises two electrode layers, absorber layer and window layer. The absorber layer comprises a composition including copper indium disulfide or indium gallium disulfide. The window layer comprises cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenium, zinc oxide, or zinc magnesium oxide. The interconnect structure is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, Alloy 42, silver, gold, molybdenum, or other metal or conductive dielectric materials. The handle substrate is quartz, semiconductor or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The flexible and conformal material is polyimide material of less than or equal to 20 mu m. Preferred Component: The flexible and conformal material comprises a first layer of the polymer material overlying a second layer of the polymer material. The handle substrate is plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The insoluble calcium salt is selected from calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium citrate, calcium oxalate, or calcium tartrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The raw material starch is high-amylose corn starch, waxy corn starch, ordinary corn starch, wheat starch, sticky rice starch, long-shaped rice starch, polished round-grained rice starch, Sorghum starch, potato starch, cassava starch, sweet potato starch, green bean starch, chickpea starch, sago starch, or Canna starch. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The gold particles have average particle diameter of 1-60 nm. Preferred Composition: The amount of gold particles is 0.02-5 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amide compound is chosen from formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl propionamide, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl pyrrolidone and carbamate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storage alloy comprises component (A) of rare earth element and magnesium-containing element and component (B') of nickel-containing element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polytetrafluoroethylene is dispersed by an anionic water-soluble thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic layer comprises aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The front protective layer comprises glass ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene and poly methyl methacrylate. The back protective layer comprises polyvinyl fluoride, poly vinylidene fluoride and/or UV stabilized polyethylene terephthalate. The encapsulant material comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic olefin, pressure sensitive silicone and acrylic adhesive. The shield material is polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, poly ethylene napthalate and/or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal foil is one of aluminum, copper, iron, and alloys of aluminum, copper or iron. The electrolyte is a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride ((BMIM)(Cl)), and a lithium salt. The carbon nanoparticles are carbon nanohorns, carbon nano-onions or a combination of at least two kinds of carbon nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises cellulose (1-25%). The microperforated plastic film is a membrane made of polyethylene (PE)-polypropylene (PP). The electrolyte is a composite of a lithium salt and one of the following polymers: ethylene carbonate (EC), diethylene carbonate (DC) and propylene carbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil is made of aluminum, copper, iron, and alloys of aluminum, copper and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-25% of cellulose and a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microperforated plastic film is a membrane made of polyethylene-polypropylene. The room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte comprises polymers consisting of ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: reacting boric compounds of formula (Z-X-B(-O-R1a)-O-R1b) (II) with substituted oxyalkylene compounds of formulae (HO-(AO)m-R1) (III) and ((OH)-(AO)n-R2) (IV). Preferred Process: Total amount of 1.5-2.1 moles of (III) and (IV) per mole of (II) is used and the reaction is carried out at 0-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Dibutyl vinyl borate (184 g) from which a polymerization inhibitor had been removed by distillation was added to pentaethylene glycol monomethyl ether (504 g, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. After the pressure in the system was reduced to 0.4 kPA, the temperature was raised to 55 degrees C. Stirring was continued for 3 hours to remove eliminating butanol to afford the boric compound of formula (Z-B(-O-(AO)m-R1)-O-(AO)n-R2) (432 g), where R1 and R2 are CH3, A is 2-4C oxyalkylene group, Z is polymerizable functional group, and m and n are 5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing portion comprises polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The sheet (S2) has high bending strength than that of sheet (S1). The acid-modified polyolefin group thermoplastic resin is acid modified polyethylene-type thermoplastic resin, preferably ionomer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and maleic acid anhydride modified polyethylene. The sheet (S2) contains polyester-type resin and/or polyamide-type resin, preferably polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane is made of polymer of ethylene vinyl acetate-polyethylene terephthalate-polyhydroxy valerate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lithium ion solid electrolyte comprises lithium ion inorganic solid electrolyte and solid material capable of conducting lithium ion. The lithium ion inorganic solid electrolyte comprises sodium super-ionic conductor, lithium superionic conductor, or lithium (Li)-lanthanum-titanium (Ti)-oxide (O) at 5 mass%. The solid material capable of conducting lithium ion is Li-Ti-O transition metal oxide material. The additive is TiO2. The substrate is made of TiO2 or silicon dioxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The plasticizer comprises high molecular weight alcohols. The solvent is water, which is 90 mass%, or absolute ethyl alcohol. The alcohol comprises benzoic titanate or terpineol, which is 1 mass%. The dispersing agent is 2 mass% isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive comprises organic adhesive, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol or methyl cellulose, which is 1 mass%. Preferred Method: Mixing in the first step comprises continuous stirring and ultrasonic dispersing. The drying temperature is 80 degrees C; and the sintering temperature is 1000 degrees C. The third and fourth steps of the preparation processes can be repeated for 1-20, preferably 2-5 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Contents: The amount of the added hexamethyldisilazane is 0.05-50 (preferably 0.5-15) wt.% of the organic solvent. The moisture content of the hexamethyldisilazane is not greater than 20 ppm. The concentration of electrolyte salt in organic solvent is 0.8-1.5 mol/L. The primary lithium battery comprises 5-30 wt.% electrolyte. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is polycarbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl ether (DME) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The electrolyte salt is lithium iodide (LiI), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). Preferred Process: The mixing of hexamethyldisilazane with organic solvent and electrolyte salt is carried out in argon protective atmosphere for oxygen removal and moisture removal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, and alloy of zinc oxide and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lower conductive film is made of silver, aluminum, copper and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of zinc or zinc atom in zinc complex and palladium atom in palladium complex is 40:1-15:1. The zinc complex is zinc acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene. The cyclic hydrocarbon compound is perfluorodecalin. The concentration of cyclic hydrocarbon compound in the electrolyte solution is 20-80 volume%. The electrolyte solution includes hydrocarbon-based solvent chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate. The binder carries out chemical-crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The protonic acid is inorganic acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid or organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is a solvent which dissolves 1,8-diamine naphthalene monomer and does not dissolve 1,8-diamine naphthalene polymer, preferably the organic solvent is dissolved with water and has excellent dissolving performance for inorganic salt such as N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile or propylene carbonate solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of ceric salt oxidizer with respect to 1,8-diamine naphthalene monomer is 0.5:1-2:1. The density of the perchloric acid is 0-3 mol/L. The hydrogen ion density of the perchloric acid is 0.5-2 mol/L. Preferred Properties: The polymerizing temperature is 0-50 degrees C. The solid-phase reacting time is 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The urethane resin contains castor oil type polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The polyol has a structure which does not include a double bond by hydrogenation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further comprises treating formed acrylic film by in-line annealing process. EXAMPLE - A polymer A powder was formulated with (wt.%) PARALOID K-130D (RTM: tin stabilizer) (4) and IRGANOX 245 (RTM: antioxidant blend of tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite and N,N'-hexane-1,6-diyl-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionamide)) (0.5). The composition was then pelletized with a 30 mm twin screw extruder and 4 mm 3-strand die. The composition was prepared without pigment but was believed to simulate processing of the acrylic film. The barrel temperature was set at 200 degrees C, the feed rate was set at 50 lbs/hour, and screw speed was set at 210 rpm. The pellets were then processed using cast film line with a 3.5 in single screw extruder and a 60 in wide flat die to produce mono-layer film. The extruder has six heating/cooling zones which were set respectively at 395 degrees F/425 degrees F/450 degrees F/450 degrees F/480 degrees F/480 degrees F. The temperature of different feed pipe elements were set at 490 degrees F. The die has five different heating zones through transverse direction which were set respectively at 490 degrees F/480 degrees F/470 degrees F/480 degrees F/490 degrees F. The chill roll temperature was set at 180 degrees F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of component (B) is 0.05-5 wt.% with respect to total amount of component (A) and component (B) as cyclic amino vinyl compound unit. The content of component (C) is 0.2-5 weight parts with respect to total amount of component (A) and component (B). The component (A) is copolymer ethylene and 1-hexene. The component (A) is ternary polymer of ethylene hexene propylene. Preferred Parameters: The gel fraction is greater than or equal to 80 wt.% and total transmittance is greater than or equal to 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The cellulose particles have average particle diameter of 50 mu m or less, and water content of 20 %mass or less. The low crystalline cellulose raw material is obtained by processing cellulose-containing raw material having bulk density of 50-1000 kg/m3 with grinder, and is granular. Preferred Component: The grinder is medium-type grinder, which is a ball or a rod.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is greater than or equal to 30 wt.%. The diffusing agent composition further comprises a water-soluble monomer having hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The impurity-diffusing component contains a compound of Group III element. The water-soluble polymer compound has saponification degree of greater than or equal to 90 mol%, and comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (A) has a pre-compounding weight average molecular weight of 40000-50000 atomic mass units. (I) exhibits a tensile stress at yield of at least 60 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 527, a tensile modulus of at least 2200 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 527, a flexural strength of at least 80 megapascals, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 178, a melt volume-flow rate of at least 20 cubic centimeters per minute, measured at 300 degrees C and 10 kilogram load according to ISO 1133, a heat deflection temperature of at least 140 degrees C, measured at 0.45 megapascals according to ISO 75/Bf, an Izod notched impact strength of at least 18 kilojoules/meter2, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 180/1A, and an Izod notched impact strength of at least 7 kilojoules/meter2, measured at 23 degrees C according to ISO 180/1A after aging for 2000 hours in air at 140 degrees C. (I) comprises less than 2 wt.% any polymer other than (A), (B), the homopolystyrene, and the polysalicylate. (I) comprises the product of melt-kneading: 55-65 wt.% of (A) having a post-compounding weight average molecular weight of 53000-57000 atomic mass units; 11-16 wt.% of (B) having a polystyrene content of 25-40% and a weight average molecular weight of 250000-450000 atomic mass units; 15-25 wt.% of homopolystyrene; and 3-6 wt.% of polysalicylate; where the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 3-5. (I) is a multiwall article.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: In the film, the PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of antioxidant by weight percentage. The antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), four (beta-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy pheny) propanoic acid) pentaerythritol ester, or beta-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy pheny) octadecyl propanoic. The PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of ultraviolet radiation absorbent by weight percentage. The ultraviolet radiation absorbent is selected from the follows: 2-hydroxyl group-4-n-capryl oxo benzophenone, 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxyl group-4-propylene acyloxy ethyoxy benzophenone, 2-(2-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-5-mehtylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, and 2-(2-tert-butyl-5-mehtylphenyl) benzotriazole. Te PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of ultraviolet radiation stabilizing agent by weight percentage. The ultraviolet radiation stabilizing agent is selected from the follows: double(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, concentration of succinic acid and (4-hydroxide radical-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyl), double (1,2,2,6, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, and double (1-capryl oxo-2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester. The PET film layers are added with 0.1% to 1.0% of nucleating agent by weight percentage. The nucleating agent is selected from talcum powder, TM-1, TM-3, Miliad 3905, Miliad 3940, Miliad 3988, NA-10, NA-11, and NA-21. The nucleating agent is selected from talcum powder, TM-1, TM-3, Miliad 3905, Miliad 3940, Miliad 3988, NA-10, NA-11, and NA-21.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The diluting agent is diglycidyl ether. The aliphatic amine includes 50-80 pts.wt. of polyether amine and 0-10 pts.wt. of diethylenetriamine. The alicyclic amine includes 0-30 pts.wt. of isophorone and 0-35 pts.wt. of diamine diamido-dicyclohexyl methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The bisphenol A epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin E-51 or bisphenol A epoxy resin E-54. The bisphenol F epoxy resin is standard epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent also comprises 20-30 pts.wt. of styrene-acrylate emulsion; 1-10 pts.wt. of micrometer or nanometer titanium dioxide particles and 0.1-2 pts.wt. of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether-13. Preferred Method: Preparing the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass also, comprises adding 20-30 pts.wt. of styrene-acrylate emulsion in the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass and uniformly stirring; and adding 1-10 pts.wt. of micrometer or nanometer titanium dioxide particles and 0.1-2 pts.wt. of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether-13 in the automobile industrial filtering paper trimming agent synthesized from biomass. The automobile industrial filtering paper is glued by spraying or soaking, keeping temperature at 110-130 degrees C for 2-2.5 minutes and forming two layers of film on the surface of the filtering paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film further has coating layer, thermobonding layer, polyester skin layer and polyester core layer. The coating layer contains polyester resin, polyurethane resin or polyacryl resin. The thermobonding layer contains non-crystalline polyester resin, and has thickness of 1.0-40 mu m. The microparticles contain 3-50 %mass of rutile-type titanium-dioxide microparticles. The polyester skin layer containing many cavities, obtained from microparticles having average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m, is laminated with polyester core layer containing many cavities, obtained from thermoplastic resin incompatible with polyester. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has many fine cavities. The apparent specific gravity of the film is 0.7-1.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Adhesive: In the EVA hot-melt adhesive piece for solar battery, the vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 5-50 wt.%. The melt index of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-500 g/10 second. The average molecular weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1x104-30x104. The silane coupling agent is silane compound comprising one functional group of the amino-group and glycidyl. The nucleating agent is chosen from one of benzoic acid, hexanedioic acid, diphenyl acetic acid, sodium stearate, sodium acetate, sodium phenate, dibenzylidene sorbitol compound, dibenzylidene xyllitol compound, dibenzylidene dulcitol compound, dibenzylidene mannitol compound. The age resister is chosen from one or more of arylamine, phenol and ester age resister. The hot-melt adhesive piece further comprises 0.01-0.05 pts.wt. of heat stabilizer relatively to 100 pts.wt. of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The hot-melt adhesive piece further comprises 0.01-0.05 pts.wt. of ultra-violet absorber relatively to 100 pts.wt. of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sealant: In the solar photovoltaic module sealant the polyisobutene can be medium-molecular polyisobutene with molecular weight at 3-7 W. The antioxidant can be antioxidant PL-10, antioxidant PL-34 or antioxidant PL-440.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fiber: In the non alkali glass fiber, various components in the fiber accounts for the following proportions of the solid mass of the fiber by solid content: coupling agent 7 to 12%, lubricant 8 to 12%, film-forming agent A 20 to 50%, film-forming agent B 21 to 51%,film-forming agent A and film-forming agent B 71 to 80%, antistatic agent 0.5 to 1.5%, and pH regulator 2 to 4%. The pH of the fiber is 2 to 8. The pH of the fiber is 3 to 7. The silane coupling agent is selected from the product of the following trademarks: A-172, A-174, A-1100, and A-187. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) type lubricant is selected from one of: PEG400, PEG600, PEG1000, and PEG3000. The organic salt type antistatic agent is selected from organic quaternary ammonium type and imidazoline. The organic quaternary ammonium type antistatic agent is selected from the products of the following model number: 1631, 1827, 1227. The pH regulator is selected from one of citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and boric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The salt is nitrate, carbonate, chloride, acetate, citrate, oxalate, formate or lactate. The high-molecular compound is citric acid, oxalic acid or tartaric acid. The dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of high-molecular compound to total metal anions is 0.5-2:1. The molar ratio of dispersing agent to high-molecular compound is 0.5-2:2. Preferred Conditions: The heating temperature and drying temperature are 60-100 degrees C and 200-300 degrees C, respectively. The reaction time is 6-30 hours. Calcining is carried out at heating rate of 100-200 degrees C/hour at 800-1400 degrees C for 1-5 hours. The output power of microwave is 3-6 kW. The quenching treatment temperature is 1400-1500 degrees C, and quenching time is 15-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: In the agent, the oxalic acid metal complex includes one or more of the complexes which take oxalic acid as ligand or one of the ligands and prepared with one metal of nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, cadmium, copper, aluminum, chromium, calcium, magnesium, iron, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, europium, yttrium, lutetium, erbium, lithium, sodium, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum and so on or metal groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-heat-fusible sheet provided between the exterior films consists of polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal film contains silver. The transparent electrode film contains indium-tin oxide and/or fluorine doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanoparticle is a noble metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic compound is 1-16C aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably 1-6C aliphatic carboxylic acid. The polymer dispersing agent contains free carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal in porous carbon material is 1 weight% or more. The porous carbon material contains two or more types of metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex is amine complex or ethylenediamine complex. Preferred Condition: The baking process is carried out at 200 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of cyclic sulfone compound in nonaqueous electrolyte, is 0.1-2 %mass. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains cyclic carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond, or halogenated cyclic carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant material contains polyamide resin or oxide particles of group-IV elements, group-XIII elements or group-XIV elements. The electrolyte solution is maintained using high molecular compound which is polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Properties: The porous metal oxide semiconductor film has mean pore diameter of 10-40 nm and pore volume of 0.25-0.8 ml/g. A titanium oxide thin film (7) containing peroxotitanic acid is provided between electrode layer and metal oxide semiconductor film. The titanium oxide thin film has thickness of 10-70 nm, pore volume of 0.01-0.20 ml/g and mean pore diameter of 0.5-5 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersion medium is chosen from water, alcohol, ketone, glycol, ether and turpentine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thickener is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl methyl cellulose, acrylic resin, ketone resin and melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layers (12 and/or 13) contain white-colored coloring agent. The resin layer (11) contains infrared-permeability coloring agent. The resin layers (11, 12 and 13) comprises grafted polymer which is obtained by polymerizing silicon-containing thermoplastic resin with monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of silicone-containing rubber. Preferred Properties: The back surface protective film has reflectance of 50% or more with respect to wavelength of 400-1400 nm (preferably, 800-1400 nm), transmittance of 60% or more with respect to wavelength of 800-1400 nm, absorption factor of 60% or more with respect to wavelength of 400-700 nm and thickness of 30-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base material thermoplastic resin film contains greater than or equal to 2 mass% of inorganic particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame retardant is non halogen flame-retardant compound, inorganic metal, and/or inorganic metallic compound which contains phosphorus and/or nitrogen atom. The substance with a saccharide is cellulose. Preferred Parameter: The shape of the cellulose is spherical.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material thermoplastic resin film is a porous white thermoplastic resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amino acid unit includes structural unit of bivalent hydrocarbon group, ester group, ether group, amide group, amino group, thioether group, oxyethylene group and/or oxyphenylene group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The former surface of the light guide substrate is coated with hydrophobic material selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, reaction modifier containing polymeric anhydride, silicone gum, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the solar heating continuous stable biogas producing system, the pipes among the heater (8), the heat storing device (1) and the automatic constant-temperature control device (3) are provided with valves (11). The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) is respectively connected to the heating heat medium temperature sensor (9) inside the biogas tank (4), the material liquid temperature sensor (10) in the heater (8) and the valves (11). The upper part of the biogas tank (4) is provided with a feeding hole (5) and a ventilation hole (6); the lower part of the biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material is provided with a material discharging hole (7). The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The solar heater collector (12) is a solar stove or a full glass vacuum heat collector or a hot pipe heat collector or a tank-type heat collector or a disc-type heat collector or a flat panel solar heat collector. The flowing medium of the heat medium of the pipe (2) is heat conductive oil or water. The automatic constant-temperature control device (3) uses natural convection circulation control or forcible convection circulation control. The biogas tank (4) with the temperature-preserving material uses steel or plastic or thin film material; the temperature-preserving material uses mineral wool or polyurethane or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent cover whose lower edge and the bottom cover are provided with a waterproof rubber ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Fluid: In the fluid above, the oil phase carries the aqueous phase out of the fuel cell as the oil phase exits the fuel cell. The aqueous phase is a byproduct of the fuel cell. The oil phase is a hydroflorether. Aqueous phase includes an additive, where the additive is at least one of a rust inhibitor, an oxidative inhibitor, and an antiwear agent. Emulsifier is a nonionic emulsifier. Emulsifier comprises at least one of a polymer having hydrophobic moieties or hydrophilic moieties, or both. Preferred Device: In the device above, the fuel cell fluid includes an oil phase for carrying the microemulsion. The controller is configured to control the valve to adjust an amount of an aqueous phase of the fuel cell fluid; or the controller is configured to control the valve in response to a condition of the fuel cell fluid exiting a fuel cell. The condition comprises saturation of the fuel cell fluid with an aqueous phase, where the aqueous phase is water. Fuel cell is a porous plate fuel cell; or the fuel cell fluid is a coolant. Preferred Method: In the method above, the aqueous phase fluid includes liquid byproducts, thermal byproducts, or both.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The crosslinked unsaturated carboxylic ester polymer has structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-R1)(-COOR2))-.R1=H or 1-3C alkyl;andR2=1-3C alkyl.The exterior component is a laminated film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium-containing complex oxide is preferably lithium-nickel group complex oxide of formula: LixNiwM1'zM1'e1-(w+z)O2+d.M1'=Co and/or Mn;M1e'=metallic element different from M1';w=0.3-1;z=0-0.7;andw+z=0.9-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic boranes are tris(pentafluorophenyl)boranes. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains 50 ppm or more of organic boranes by weight ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Apparatus: In the photovoltaic apparatus, the energy storage device is a member selected from a low voltage battery, a high voltage battery, a capacitor, and a combination. The solar modules are mounted in solar panel defining a laminate structure having a backing layer, a first polymer layer, a solar module layer, a second polymer layer, and a glass layer. The solar modules are formed within the first and second polymer layers as an integral unit. The solar module is laminated within a durable polymer material. Each solar module is mounted in a solar panel formed of a material selected from polymer, composite polymer, thin film amorphous silicon, and combinations. each solar module includes a set of solar cells arranged in a predetermined configuration. The predetermined configuration is an array. The solar cells are mounted on cross connectors within the polymer layers. The solar modules form a solar panel having four solar modules. The solar modules form a solar panel defining a curvilinear geometry. The solar panel curves in multiple directions. Moreover, each solar module is electrically coupled to a corresponding DC/DC boost converter. Also, each solar module is electrically coupled to a corresponding DC/DC converter having electrical pathways within the converter that are electrically isolated from each other. The solar modules are mounted on a roof of the vehicle. The solar panel is mounted on a deck lid of the vehicle. The solar cells within each solar module are arranged to maximize radiation reception.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inert gas comprises argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric material comprises polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Module: In the solar cell module, the adsorbent of the wiring has a horizontal direction thickness parallel to a surface direction of the solar cell element, and has a vertical direction thickness perpendicular to the surface direction of the solar cell element, and the horizontal direction thickness is thicker than the vertical direction thickness. The adsorbent of the wiring is a film including a material that absorbs and desorbs water, and adheres to the surface of the wiring. The terminal portion is sealed by a silicon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pressure disk and rupture disk are made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The low molecular charge transport agent has molecular weight of 400-1500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum-modified composite catalyst contains ruthenium-iridium-platinum oxide of formula: RuxIr1-xO2-Pty. The aqueous solution comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. The platinum compound is chloroplatinic acid, platinum tetrachloride, tetraamminedichloroplatinum or sodium chloroplatinate. The protective gas is an inert gas, preferably highly pure argon gas, neon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas or helium gas. The ruthenium compound is ruthenium trichloride or ammonium chlororuthenate. The iridium compound is chloroiridic acid, iridium trichloride or iridium tetrachloride. The casting solvent is nitrate, preferably potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate.x=0.1-0.9;andy=0.05-0.95.Preferred Property: The grain size of the nanopowder is 5-10 nm. Preferred Process: The ultrasonic mixing of the mixture is carried out with power of 200-1000 W. The constant temperature is 30-80 degrees C. The drying is carried out at 60-100 degrees C. The thermal treatment is carried out at 300-800 degrees C for 30 minutes to 3 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The reducer is formaldehyde, sodium formate, glycol, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride. The alcohol is isopropanol, n-butanol or absolute ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The conductive glass is mixture of tin dioxide conductive glass and fluorine or indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is titania, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, manganese dioxide, or cobalt oxide. The semiconductor acetate is titanium acetate, zinc acetate, arsenic acetate, magnesium acetate, iron acetate, manganese acetate, cobalt acetate or nickel acetate. Preferred Process: The titania-acetate-polymer spinning solution is subjected to stainless steel guide tube spraying device. The thickness of stainless steel guide tube is 0.1-2 mm. The conduction glass is a receiving device. The distance between the spraying device and the receiving device is maintained at 1-30 cm. The positive pole of the high-voltage power source is connected with the stainless steel guide tube, and the negative pole is connected to the conduction glass to form conductive glass with titania-acetate-polymer compound nanofiber film. The voltage of 1-30 KV is loaded between positive pole and negative pole. The pre-sediment titania film on the surface of the conductive glass is pretreated using plasma.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic titanium alkoxide is tetraethyl titanate, propyl ester titanate, titanium isopropoxide or butyl titanate. The light sensitization agent is cis-bis(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)dithiocyanato ruthenium (II), cis-di(thiocyanato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4-carboxylate-4'-carboxylic acid)-ruthenium(II), or black dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the body, the wavelength shifter is mixed in the silica aerogel material. The body is evacuated and super-insulating and has a thermal conductivity lambda , which is 0.007 W/ (mx K) or less. The silica aerogel material is water-resistant by a silane compound being bound into the silica aerogel material. In the body, an encasing material surrounds the body. The encasing material is transparent materials, plastic foils, glass panels or plastic sheets. The body is a panel with a thickness of up to 5 cm, and a size of up to 1.5 mx 2 m (widthx length). The body is a halfpipeshaped body. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode is made of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, silver, tin and lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture contains titanium oxide powder (98-70 weight%) and carbon precursor (2-30 weight%). The carbon precursor is chosen from starch, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl cellulose. Preferred Properties: The heating process is carried out at 200-900 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. The hydrocarbon layer has thickness of 1-15 nm. Preferred Process: The method further involves pulverizing carbon-coated titanium powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide binder is alumina, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silica and/or titania.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is alcohol, benzene, toluene, pyridine, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and/or dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic peroxide has a half-life temperature of 118-121 degrees C with respect to 1 hour. The organic peroxide is preferably t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexylcarbonate. The content of organic peroxide is 0.5-4 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The composition has a shrinkage of 2% or less and an outgas-generation amount of 0.1% or less, during hardening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The amount of primary additive is 0.1-3 wt.% with respect to 100 wt.% of electrolyte. The amount of secondary additive is 0.1-7 wt.% with respect to 100 wt.% of electrolyte. The secondary additive is ethylene carbonate derivative of formula (II).X=halo, cyano and nitro.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material is made of polyolefin resin chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ethylene/vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorinated polypropylene. The layer (A) further contains a light diffusing agent, and ultraviolet stabilizer, antioxidant, antiblocking agent and/or crosslinking agent. The content of compound (a), light-diffusing agent and antiblocking agent contained with respect to 100 parts weight of the base material is 0.1-5 parts weight, 0.01-5 parts weight and 0.1-5 parts weight, respectively. The antiblocking agent is chosen from silica bead, polymethyl methacrylate bead, fluoride-type slipping agent and silicon-type slipping agent. Preferred Layer: The layer (A) is light-diffusion coating layer formed by coating a coating solution containing (in wt.%) light-diffusing agent (0.1-5), organic binder (10-35), organic solvent (60-85), dispersing agent (0.1-5) and additive (0.1-5), on a base material. The sheet further has a prism layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent structure is made of optical-grade acrylic polymer. The luminescent films are made of sol-gel matrix or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optical layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenfluoride (THV) polymer, polyethylene terephthalate and ortho-terphenyl (OTP), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and THV, PEN and OTP, PEN and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate and co-PMMA, PEN and co-PMMA, co-PEN and PMMA, co-PEN and OTP, co-PEN and THV, polystyrene (PS) and OTP, PS and THV, PMMA and THV, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and THV or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and THV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The peripheral seal system comprises first and second seals, both comprising polymer. The first seal is formed of an extrudable material having moisture vapor transmission rate that does not exceed approximately 5 g mm/m2/day at 38 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. It comprises butyl sealant material. The second seal comprises a material selected from silicone, polysulfide, or polyurethane. It comprises silyl containing polyacrylate polymer, which comprises silyl terminated acrylic polymer. The photovoltaic glazing assembly includes retention film over the photovoltaic coating, where retention film is adhered to the photovoltaic coating by pressure-sensitive adhesive. The retention film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, or PVC. The second seal comprises XMAP (RTM: silyl terminated polyacrylate polymer). The first seal is formed of desiccant-free polymeric material. It comprises thermoplastic material and desiccant. The second seal comprises a composition comprising silyl-terminated polyacrylate polymer with an average of greater than or equal to 1.2 alkoxysilyl chain terminations per molecule of formula SiR1x(OR)3-x; alkoxysilane; and catalyst.R=Me, Et, n-propyl, or isopropyl;R1=Me or Et;andx=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The thickness of layer formed using solution containing crosslinking agent is 14 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound is carboxylate ester. Preferred Process: The formation of gas barrier layer in gas barrier layer forming process is performed by ion-plating process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The sheet has thickness of 0.1-10 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas is nitrogen. The ratio of nitrogen adsorption amount of catalyst layer and nitrogen adsorption amount of catalyst-carrying carbon powder is 0.24 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive composition further contains titanium system coupling agent and/or silane coupling agent as crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substances with hydrogen bondable functional group value is 1-5x 10-2 mol/g are modified polyvinyl alcohol with average degree of polymerization of greater than or equal to 500, and mixture of polycarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte is lanthanum gallate type electrolyte. The constituent material powder of fuel electrode is nickel(II) oxide (NiO) and rare earth metal containing compound of formula MxCe1-xO(1-x)/2.M=rare earth metal; andx=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder contains polymer selected from monomer which has electron donating substituent in which chelate is possible, polymerizable functional group, oligomer and/or polymer in electrode constituent element cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The binder preparatory process involves polymerizing monomer, oligomer and/or polymer in presence of electrode constituent element cation to prepare binder for electrode slurries contained in electrode constituent element cation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The gel-like nonaqueous electrolyte contains matrix polymer chosen from copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and monochloro trifluoroethylene, and/or copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and monomethyl maleate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The protection ligand is oleic acid and oleyl amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wiring film is made of one among polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The energy comprises light or heat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting substituted diol compounds of formulae (HO-(Ar1)(SO3Na)-OH) and (HO-R-OH), and dicarbonyl compounds of formula (F-Ar1-C(=O)-(-Ar1-C(=O)-)n-Ar1-F) in the presence of potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Preferred Components: (I) has the structure of formula (Ia). The radical initiator comprises a photo initiator or a thermal initiator. The film formula further comprises a double-bond compound and/or a triple-bond compound. The double-bond compound comprises silane, divinyl benzene, or alkenyl oligomer. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding the double-bond compound and/or a triple-bond compound to the solution, where (I), the double-bond compound and/or the triple-bond compound are radical crosslinked by the energy. EXAMPLE - 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (1.85 g), 2,3-dihydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid monosodium salt (1.35 g), 1,4-dihydro-1,4-methano-naphthalene-5,8-diol (0.1 g) and potassium carbonate (1.19 g) were dissolved in a co-solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (10 ml) and toluene (10 ml). The solution was heated to 160 degrees C for 4 hours and then distilled out the toluene. The NMP solution was heated to 175 degrees C for 48 hours. After polymerization, at room temperature, methanol (100 ml) was added and worked up to give a sodium salt of (Ia) (2.85 g, 86%) (where the molar ratio of a and b is 9:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cage segments consist of plastic i.e. Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium oxide sputtering layer is made of titanium dioxide, and having a thickness of less than 100 nm (preferably less than 20 mu m). The crystalline phase of the titanium dioxide particles are rutile or anatase and having specific surface area of 2-165 cm2/g. The material of the substrate is transparent conductive oxide. The electrolyte comprises lithium iodide or iodine. The counter electrode is platinum, carbon or transparent conductive oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The material of the substrate is a metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell further comprises a dye that is dispersed on the surface of the titanium dioxide particles. The dye is N719 (tris(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato) ruthenium (II) dichloride). The material of the substrate is indium tin oxide/poly(ethylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate). The electrolyte comprises 4-tert-butylpyridine or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The counter electrode is conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The insulating mechanism comprises an upper roller support which is fabricated from the metallic material such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel. The target material comprises dopants selected from boron containing material, titanium containing material, tantalum containing material, aluminum containing material, tungsten containing material and their alloys, which are doped into base material made of zinc oxide containing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower insulating pad is fabricated from the insulating material such as glass, plastic, polymer, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intrinsic layer comprises amorphous silicon, polysilicon, and silicon rich dielectric layer. The silicon rich dielectric layer comprises silicon rich silicon oxide layer, silicon rich silicon nitride layer, silicon rich silicon ox nitride layer, and silicon rich silicon carbide layer. The N-type dopant comprises nitrogen and phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth and the P-type dopant comprises boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, or thallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lead-free glass adhesive is formed from barium oxide (0-40%), silicon dioxide (1-20%), diboron trioxide (3-20%), bismuth trioxide (0-82%), calcium oxide (1-20%), aluminum oxide (0-10%), zinc oxide (1-15%), magnesium oxide (0-5%), lithium oxide (0-5%), manganese dioxide (2-5%) and zirconium oxide (0-5%). The metal or non-metal powder additive comprises boron, silicon, zinc, antimony or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic resin in the organic carriers comprises ethylcellulose, polyvinyl butyral, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin or phenolic resin. The additive in the organic carriers comprises dibutyl phthalate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethyl phthalate, castor oil, cyclohexanone, lecithin, furancarboxylic acid, stearic acid and Arlacel (RTM: polymeric emulsifier). The solvent of the organic carriers comprises terpineol, turpentine, tributyl citrate or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition contains 1-5% other solidifying additive as sensitizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The third layer further comprises a crosslinking agent (0.1-5, preferably 0.3-1 wt.%); and antioxidant, UV stabilizer, hydrolytic stabilizer, fire retardant, paint, coupling agent and/or hindered-amine stabilizer. The crosslinking agent is an organic peroxide selected from 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-hydrogen peroxide, p-methane hydrogen peroxide and/or tert-butyl peroxycarbonate-2 ethylhexoate. The polyfluoroolefin is polyvinyl fluoride, PTFE, perfluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-fluorotetraethylene copolymer, fluorotetraethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer and/or polytrifluorochloroethylene. The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and/or polytrimethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The reformer is operated at a reformer operation temperature of 500-850 degrees C. It is recovered from the reformer at a recovery temperature of greater than or equal to 500 degrees C. The water-gas shift reaction zone comprises a first stage and a second stage, where first stage is operated at a temperature that is higher than the second stage, and the feedstream is in heat exchange contact with stream(s) selected from a first stage water-gas shift product stream, a second-stage water-gas shift product stream, and/or reformate. The feedstream is introduced into the reformer as vapor at 150-400 pounds/square inch. It is introduced into the reformer in the absence of compression. The feedstream is introduced into the reformer at a steam to carbon molar ratio of 2:1-4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Process: The steam reforming catalyst comprises metal component, modified support, and promoter. The metal component comprises nickel (0.1-60 wt.%). The promoter comprises rare earth element (0.1-15 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bio-based feedstock comprises alcohols, acids, ketones, ethers, esters, and/or aldehydes. It comprises ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The bio-based feedstock is derived from biomass selected from lignin, corn, sugar cane, syrup, beet juice, molasses, cellulose, sorbitol, algae, glucose, and/or acetates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder (a) is chosen from ethylacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, vinyl butyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether and vinyl methyl ether. The binder (b) is ethyl cellulose, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cellulose derivative of hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl-cellulose, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate, styrene monomer, glycidyl methacrylate, acrylamide, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of binder (a) and binder (b) is -40 degrees C to 10 degrees C and 50-120 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor particle is selected from one of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles, zinc oxide (ZnO) particles, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) particles, silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles, tunsten oxide (WO3) particles, nickel oxide (NiO) particles, tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) particles, niobium oxide (Nb2O5) particles, tin oxide (SnO2) particles, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) particles, lanthanum oxide (La2O3) particles, hafnium (HfO2) particles, strontium oxide (SrO2) particles, indium oxide (In2O3) particles, vanadium oxide (V2O5) particles, cromium oxide (Cr2O3) particles, molybdenum oxide (MoO3) particles, magnesium oxide (MgO) particles, scandium oxide (Sc2O3) particles, samarium oxide (Sm2O3) particles, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) particles, strontium titanium oxide (SrTiO3) particles, zinc sulphide (ZnS) particles, lead sulphide (PbS) particles or cadmium sulphide (CdS) particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating withstand voltage heat conducting layer can be made of aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide or other heat-conducting insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The modified Acacia includes Acacia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modified Acacia includes silica gel-based gelatin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The structural fibers comprise (in parts weight) ultra-thin polyethylene terephthalate fiber (50-80) and glass fiber (5-40). The glued fiber comprises water-soluble vinylon fiber (5-10). The emulsion organic silicone defoamer is modified polysiloxane defoamer. The polyether defoamer is alkyl-ether phosphate defoamer. The dispersant is the polyoxyethylene ether. Preferred Properties: The ultra-thin polyethylene terephthalate fiber has a length of 3-6 mm and fineness of 0.00-0.3 D. The glass fiber is medium-alkali glass fiber, having a diameter of 1-3 microns and length of 3-6 mm. The water-soluble vinylon fiber has a length of 3-6 mm, diameter of 13-22 microns, and can be dissolved in water at 60-90 degrees C. The flexible substrate is a porous diaphragm having porosity of more than 40%, preferably 40-80%, more preferably 50-70%, and thickness of 8-30 microns, preferably 8-20 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: About 90% of average light non-tightness rate is provided for high light non-tight ethylene vinyl acetate membrane by adding crosslink agent, antioxidant, anti-light aging agent and silane coupling agent as resisting agents. The reflectivity of high light non-tight ethylene vinyl acetate membrane for UV light is increased by adding talcum powder, titanium white, hollow glass micro-balloon, calcium carbonate powder, calcium silicate powder, silicate powder, dyestuff or toner.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The UV absorption efficiency of high light non-tight ethylene vinyl acetate membrane is provided by adding salicylic acid system compound, benzoxazine system compound, benzophenone system compound and benzotriazole system compound as UV absorbents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing composite electrode, in the technical step, the electrically-conductive polymer layer is prepared by the following steps: mixing the PEDOT-PSS solution and dimethyl sulfoxide and blending for 6 hours; the weight ratio of the PEDOT-PSS solution to dimethyl sulfoxide is 4.5: 1; adding carbon black and continuously blending; the weight ratio of the PEDOT-PSS solution/ dimethyl sulfoxide/ carbon black is 4.5:1:0.1; the PEDOT-PSS solution is 1.3 wt% of aqueous solution. In step (a), the electrically-conductive polymer layer is prepared on the electrically-conductive substrate in the roller coating method. In step (b), the quasi-solid electrolyte is prepared by the following steps: mixing PEDOT-PSS solution, CuSCN powder and dimethyl sulfoxide and milling; the weight ratio of CuSCN powder to PEDOT-PSS solution is 0.24: 4.5; the weight ratio of the PEDOT-PSS solution to dimethyl sulfoxide is 4.5: 1; dripping ionic liquid into the system; continuously milling for 1-2 h to make CuSCN fully mix uniformly; the weight ratio of the ionic liquid to the PEDOT-PSS solution is 0.24: 4.5; the PEDOT-PSS solution is 1.3 wt% of aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar battery board in the rectangular generating heat collecting module is arranged with a generating unit that comprises monocrystal line silicon solar battery or amorphous silicon solar battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The matrix comprises organic and/or inorganic materials. The semiconductor nanocrystals have core-shell structure and comprise Groups II-VI, II-V, III-VI, III-V, IV-VI, II-III-VI, II-IV-VI and/or II-IV-V semiconductor compounds, and/or alloy of these compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer is transparent and/or hydrophobic and has oxygen permeability of less than or equal to 10000 ml/m2/day at 0% relative humidity or less than or equal to 100000 ml/m2/day at 90% relative humidity and moisture permeability of less than or equal to 10000 g/m2/day at 90% relative humidity. Preferred Components: The polymer is polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyethylene-vinyl alcohol, polyethylene-vinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride-styrene, polyvinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride, and/or copolymer of these polymers. Functional layer(s) comprising adhesive polymer is disposed under a portion of barrier layer. The adhesive polymer is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and/or copolymer of these polymers. Preferred Dimensions: The barrier layer has a thickness of 10 nm to 100 mu m. The sum of thickness of barrier layer and functional layer is 10 nm to 100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water absorbent and gas-permeable layer is made of expandable Polyurethane (PU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compounds are lithium salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amine-terminated poly(alkylene oxides) is an amine-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) oligomer. The trifunctional compounds are a combination of diisocyanates and triisocyanates. Preferred Process: In the reaction, the lithium compounds are added to the polyimide solution, and the trifunctional compounds are triisocyanates forming solid polyimide-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer electrolytes. In the preparation of copolymer electrolyte gel, lithium compounds are added to the amine-terminated polyimide organic solution, and the trifunctional compounds are triisocyanates forming solid polyimide-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer electrolyte gel; the organic solution comprises organic solvents having boiling points of 150-200 degrees C; the solution comprise alkylene carbonate solvents; the organic solution comprises diglyme and toluene; the increased temperature is up to 165 degrees C; the ionic liquids and alumina are added to the polyimide organic solution at ambient temperatures; and the ionic liquid comprises an organic carbonate solvent. In the preparation of the copolymer electrolytes, the organic solution excludes ionic liquids; and the ionic liquids are added to the polyimide solution subsequent to the imidization of the polyamic-acid prepolymers. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming the blank from a silica-based glass composition; and adding dopant(s) to the silica-based glass composition to modify thermal expansion coefficient and softening temperature, and/or provide a source of dopant atoms to diffuse into the semiconductor material. Preferred Components: The temperature of the blank and the semiconductor material is less than 300 (preferably 100-300) degrees C above the m. pt. of the semiconductor material that is above 1400 (preferably 1500-2100) degrees C. The semiconductor material is amorphous, a micro or nano-crystalline, a polycrystalline or a single-crystal from silicon (preferably), gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silicon germanium, silicon carbide, germanium, zinc oxide and zinc telluride. The dopants include boron, phosphorus, germanium, aluminum, fluorine, and/or titanium to the silica- based glass composition. The silica-based glass composition comprises (wt.%) boron oxide (5-23), germanium oxide (10-13), and silicon oxide composition (balance). The cane further comprises a conductive wire coaxially oriented within the core, and formed from aluminum, copper, refractory metals, tungsten, and/or molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor material is amorphous, a micro or nano-crystalline, a polycrystalline or a single-crystal from an organic semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The blank is formed from glass, glass ceramic, and/or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The coating machine is fully automated roll-to-roll coating machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method also comprises;(A) selecting polyethylene terephthalate plastics plated with indium tin oxide thin film anode (150 nm), and roll-to-roll printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (30 nm) on anode;(B) selecting hole-transporting layer i.e. poly(styrene sulfonate), and roll-to-roll printing electron donating layer i.e. poly(3-hexylthiophene) (25 nm) on hole-transporting layer;(C) roll-to-roll printing electron receiving layer i.e. fullerene (25 nm) on electron donating layer, and roll-to-roll printing electron transmitting layer i.e. copper (5 nm) on electron receiving layer; and(D) printing silver thin film electrode (100 nm) on electron transmitting layer to obtain organic thin film solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from 1-4C alcohol, 3-6C ketone, 4-10C diether, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofuran, and mixture of methanol and methyl isobutyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cladding is filled with a paraffin containing medium consisting of water or water glycol with micro-encapsulated paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal conductive dielectric support is comprised of ceramic filled polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate may be made of metallic material such as stainless steel, or polymer. The polymer maybe selected from a group consisting of polyethylene naphthalene (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Material: The solar cell module has solar cell panel and solar element. The solar cell element is sealed using the sealing resin layer. The sealing resin layer is coated using coating glass layer on both sides from the thickness direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further contains 100-200 parts weight of softener with respect to 100 parts weight of polyisobutylene and/or butyl rubber. Preferred Properties: The sealing material has storage shear modulus (G') of 3x 104-2x 106 at 0-100 degrees C, and dielectric breakdown voltage of 8 kV or more, measured based on JISC2110.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound semiconductor contains mixed crystal compound obtained by mix-crystallizing metal sulfide, metal oxide and metal hydroxide. The acid receiving agent is metal hydroxide, preferably magnesium hydroxide. The conductive layer contains zinc oxide and tin-doped indium oxide. The photoelectric conversion layer contains amorphous silicon group thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The photoelectric conversion layer contains a compound semiconductor having hydroxyl group, and chalcopyrite group compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The pair of electrodes and work electrode contain platinum-plated transparent conductive substrate. The surface of transparent conductive substrate has metal oxide thin film including dye. The dye contains ruthenium, osmium, promethium, platinum or metal complex of zinc, and organic compound without metal. The metal oxide thin film is formed using titanium oxide, zinc oxide, alumina, silica or titanium-aluminum complex oxide (TixAlyO2, where x and y are 1-3 and z is 1-6). The transparent conductive substrate contains glass, plastic base material or metal base material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The luminescent substance is 8-hydroxy-quinoline or its derivative and/or tris(bipyridyl)iridium(III) compound. The content of luminescent substance is 1-10% of total content of electrolyte. The emission wavelength of luminescent substance, is preferably 400-600 nm. The electrolyte is in form of liquid, colloid or solid. The luminescent substance contains organic compound or inorganic compound mixed with luminescent material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Apparatus: In the glove apparatus (10), the power distribution housing comprises a tilt-motion power switch (14) member integrally assembled and being a structural part of the glove member. The power distribution housing comprises a flasher circuit system integrally assembled and being a structural part of the glove member. The power distribution housing comprises an audio synchronization circuit system integrally assembled and being a structural part of the glove member. The housing is made of molded plastic. The housing comprises plug-in outlet ports (18) integrally assembled and being a structural part of the glove member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic compound particles are zirconium oxide hydrate particles of formula: ZrO2.nH2O, where n is 2.7 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The dispersing agent has number average molecular weight of 150-1000. Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is organic material having benzene ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Monofunctional (meth)acrylate is monofunctional acrylate or monofunctional acrylate monomer mixture which contains an isobornyl acrylate and 8-18C alkyl acrylate of an alkyl group with mass ratio of 20:80-100:0. Liquid saturated elastomer is a hydrogenated polybutadiene, terminal hydroxyl-containing hydrogenated polybutadiene, terminal carboxyl group-containing hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene, terminal hydroxyl-containing polyisoprene, terminal carboxyl group-containing polyisoprene, hydrogenated butadiene-isoprene copolymer or polyisobutylene. Preferred Parameters: The number average molecular weight of liquid saturated elastomer is 700-30000. The iodine number of liquid saturated elastomer is less than or equal to 70 mg/100 g. The viscosity (V2) of photocurable composition measured by viscosity measuring instrument with 25 mm diameter cone and plate as measuring gig, in which the cone and plate rotation amount is 2rpm at 23 degrees C, is 0.3-20 Pa.s. The ratio (V2/V20) of the viscosity (V2) with respect to the viscosity (V20) of photocurable composition measured at cone and plate rotation amount of 20 rpm and 23 degrees C is less than or equal to 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component (B) is carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The electroconductive elastomer film has thickness of 10-200 mu m. Preferred Components: The component (C) is cyclic olefin resin fiber. The component (a) is a ring-opened polymer of a monomer having a norbornene ring, or its hydrogenated substance. The hydrogenated substance (a1) of butadiene block copolymer is a hydrogenated block polymer formed by hydrogenating 90% or more of double bond originating in butadiene unit of linear or branched block polymer of formula: A'-(B'-A')n.n=1 or more.The hydrogenated block polymer has polybutadiene block (A') having 1,2-vinyl bond content of 15% mass or less and polybutadiene block (B') having 1,2-vinyl bond content of 15-95 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal alkoxide or its condensate is silicon alkoxide or its condensate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fuel electrode has collector comprised with porous carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium as a cation and dicyanoimide anion or trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrode contains an elastomer comprising electroconductive filler, and an ionic liquid. Preferred Property: The thickness of sheet-like elastomer containing ionic liquid is 100 mu m to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The electrode is elastomer containing electroconductive filler. Preferred Composition: The electrode contains ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The sheet-like elastomer layer containing ionic liquid has thickness of 100 mu m to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The metal anode is aluminum or aluminum alloy. Preferred Conditions: The carbon exists between metal anode and anion exchange membrane. The carbon is mixed with anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The white pigment is titanium dioxide and barium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pull rod is made of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The baffle is made of composite of polyphenylene sulfide and glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is nanometer calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate powder, silica powder, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, kaolin or their mixture, particularly nanometer calcium carbonate. The thixotropic agent is fumed silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is dimethicone or phenyl silicone oil. The cross linker is tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, polyethyl silicate and polymethyl triethoxy silane or their mixture, particularly tetraethoxysilane. The tackifier is gamma -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, gamma -glycidyl ether trimethoxypropylsilane, gamma -glycidyl ether propyltriethoxysilane or their mixture, particularly gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The catalyst carrier is hydroxyl silicon oil. The catalyst is organic bismuth or organic titanium composite catalyst. The organic bismuth is bismuth triacetate, bismuth tributyrate, bismuth trivalerate or bismuth triheptylate, particularly bismuth triheptylate. The organic titanium is diisopropoxy titanium di(acetylacetone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer is made of poly(diorgano)siloxanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ion solution of the first or second concentration is sodium chloride. The ion solution of the first or second concentration is from naturally occurring source or artificial brine or synthetic seawater. The first or second electrode comprises silver/silver chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The tablet comprises 5-50 wt.% of the release retarding agent. The tablet comprises niacin, 5-25 wt.% of hydroxypropyl cellulose and excipients. The tablet comprises niacin, 15-35 wt.% of polyethylene oxide and excipients. The tablet comprises niacin, 5-15 wt.% of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 5-25 wt.% of polyethylene oxide and excipients. (I) further comprises a 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is simvastatin, lovastatin or pravastatin. The excipients comprise diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants or coloring agents. ACTIVITY - Antilipemic; Metabolic; Hemostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the niacin is 250-3000 mg, by any suitable route.    EXAMPLE - Niacin (500 mg) along with hydroxypropyl cellulose (50 mg) and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (17 mg) was sifted through a sieve. The material was granulated in a granulator using purified water (sufficient quantity). The granules were dried in fluid bed dryer at 50-60 degrees C. The dried granules were sifted through a sieve. The extragranular hydroxypropyl cellulose (112 mg) was sifted through a sieve and was blended with the granules. The extra granular stearic acid (7 mg) was sifted through a sieve and was blended with the material. The blend was compressed to get tablets. Opadry (RTM: Film coating system) was dispersed in purified water. The tablets were coated using the above dispersion in a coating pan to obtain the extended release tablet formulation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The insulation elastic-material particles are particles containing a resin which does not have glass transition temperature into the operating temperature limits of the polymer thermal fuse element, or rubber, or carbon powder, metal particles, or particles formed by coating a metal layer on the surface of resin particles having glass transition temperature more than glass transition temperature of the matrix resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulation frame can include rubber, plastic, thermoplastic elastomer, or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic protective layer contains polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral. The particles forming the conductor tracks contain polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate and/or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sliding element is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based material or self-lubricating, low coefficient of friction polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base is provided with a washer made of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The substrate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The triarylmethane dye is Food Yellow 13 or Food Red 14.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The substrate is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode catalyst is an alloy of platinum and ruthenium, mixture of elementary platinum and elementary ruthenium, or mixture of elementary platinum, platinum-ruthenium alloy, and ruthenium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is sulfuric acid and formic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton-conductive ion-exchange resin contains perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a solvent, a stabilizer and a soluble electrolyte.Preferred Compound: The diionic liquid is of formula (I).n = 1-16.Preferred Components: The solvent comprises ethanol, acetonitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, propionitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN), ethyl carbonate, propyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate or 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole. The stabilizer comprises lithium iodide (LiI), N-butyl benzimidazole (NBB), 1-methylbenzimida (NMBI) or 4-tert-butyl pyridine (TBP). The soluble electrolyte comprises 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (PMII), 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (EMII), 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium iodide (DMII) or 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (AMII). The electrode substrate comprises a transparent substrate and a conductive layer formed on the transparent substrate. The transparent substrate comprises glass, a transparent plastic sheet or polished ceramic plate. The conductive layer comprises tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO2), and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The oxide semiconductor porous film comprises titanium oxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and/or niobium oxide (Nb2O5). The dye-sensitized solar cell has a photoelectric conversion efficiency of greater than 5%. The diionic liquid has a concentration of 0.1-1 M. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second cores are formed from semiconductor material consisting of gallium arsenide, copper indium gallium diselenide, indium phosphide, silicon-germanium, silicon carbide, germanium, zinc oxide, zinc telluride and organic semiconductor material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The thin film solar cell contains amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper-indium selenide, copper-indium/gallium diselenide, light absorbing dye and organic semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ionomer contains carboxylate group and cation, and is neutralization product of precursor of ( alpha )-olefin carboxylic acid copolymer containing copolymerized unit of 2-10C ( alpha )-olefin and 18-30 weight% of copolymerized unit of 3-8C ( alpha ),( beta )-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, in which 5-90% of carboxylic acid group in precursor is neutralized to form ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The particulate nano-scale inorganic oxide comprises zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The multi-layer fluoropolymeric film further comprises a third fluoropolymeric layer disposed between the first fluoropolymeric layer and the second fluoropolymeric layer. The third fluoropolymeric layer comprises a third fluoropolymer, and 50-60 vol.% nano-scale particulate inorganic oxides or nitrides. The third fluoropolymeric layer has a refractive index of 1.5-1.7, and a thickness of 1-240 nm. The third fluoropolymer is a crosslinked terpolymer comprising monomer units of 50-85% vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene. The second fluoropolymeric layer and the third fluoropolymeric layer are disposed in a single stratified film layer. The stratified film layer has a polymer-poor bottom stratum and a polymer-rich top stratum. The bottom stratum comprises the second fluoropolymer and the particulate nano-scale inorganic oxides or nitrides. The bottom stratum has a refractive index of 1.5-1.7. The top stratum comprises the second fluoropolymer, and has a refractive index of 1.33-1.37. The inorganic oxides or nitrides are surface functionalized with an acryloyl siloxyl radical of formula CH2=CXC(=O)O-Y'-Si(R1)(R2)-O-. The adhesive comprises an ionomer.X=H or Me;Y'=divalent organic radical including optionally substituted 2-10C alkylene radicals, or optionally substituted 6-20C arylene groups comprising ether, ester, or amide linkages (preferably -CH2-CH2-CH2-); andR1, R2=1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryloxy, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-30C aralkyl, 7-30C alkaryl, halo, or H (preferably -OC3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The light anode further contains dye or narrow forbidden conductor quantum point as sensitizing layer. The flexible solar battery further comprises a ionic liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte, polymer electrolyte or liquid electrolyte containing ionic oxidation-reduction electron pair (I/I3), ionic oxidation-reduction electron pair (S2/(S2)2), cobalt, hole transporting material and/or p-type semiconductor material, and a pair of electrode containing metal wire or sheet containing carbon material and/or organic high molecular conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The narrow forbidden conductor quantum point is cadmium sulfide quantum point, lead sulfide quantum point, cadmium selenide quantum point or cadmium tellurium quantum point. Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide nanotube has length of 5-60 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal wire is titanium wire with diameter of 0.1-1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dye is chosen form organic dye containing triphenylamine electron donating group or nitrile acetic acid electron accepting group and ruthenium-containing dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Cell: In the flexible dye-sensitized solar cell, the blocked layer is YxCel-xO2-0.5x; atom numbers of yttrium and cerium are matched in a mixture ratio of x more than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.8. The blocked layer is unitary metal or polynary metal oxide, perovskite or perovskite-like structural compound. The conductive layer is film thickness profilometer or Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The nano-porous layer is composed of one or more of titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), stannic oxide (SnO2), niobium oxide (Nb2O3) and Strontium Titanate Oxide (SrTiO3). The dye sensitizing agent is absorbed on the outside surface of the nano-porous layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid medium is an aqueous alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide. The hydrogen- containing material is sodium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Electrode: In the electrode, the oxide phase is present in grain boundaries of the metallic particles. The electrode contains the metallic particles and oxide phase at respective 75-95 (preferably 83-92) vol.% and 5-25 (preferably 8-17) vol.%. In the electrode, the metallic particles contain copper and aluminum at respective greater than or equal to 97 mass% and less than or equal to 3 mass%. In the electrode paste the solution is phosphoric acid solution forming a phosphate glass oxide phase. The electrode formed by coating the electrode paste and calcining at less than or equal to 500 degrees C in inert gas atmosphere or in oxidative atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic particles contain copper at greater than or equal to 80 (preferably 85-97) mass%, and aluminum greater than or equal to 3 (preferably 5-15) mass%. The metallic particles comprise a mixture of spherical particles having different particle diameters, and plate-shape particles. The oxide phase contains at least one element selected from vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, iron, manganese, cobalt, tin, barium, zinc, aluminum, silver, copper, antimony and tellurium. The oxide phase is a phosphate glass phase containing vanadium. The oxide phase further contains at least two elements selected from tungsten, molybdenum, iron, manganese, barium, zinc, antimony and tellurium. The oxide phase is phosphate glass phase containing aluminum. The oxide phase further contains copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support body is made of poly dimethyl siloxane or silicon rubber-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Organic fluorine polymers such as perfluoropropyl-vinyl ether or perfluoromethylvinyl ether are used as coating for metallic pipes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The distribution particle size of the carbon material is 2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The battery composition further contains solvent, binder component, and positive electrode active material and/or negative electrode active material. The binder component is high molecular compound having fluorine atom in a molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin having basic functional group is polymer (A) and/or polymer (B). The polymer (A) is obtained by reacting primary and/or secondary amino group of amine compound in polyamine, isocyanate group of urethane prepolymer having isocyanate group in both terminal, hydroxyl group of phenyl polymer having 2 hydroxyl groups, and isocyanate group of diisocyanate, and has amine titer value of 1-100 mg.potassium hydroxide/g. The polymer (B) is obtained by reacting isocyanate group of polyisocyanate having 2 or more isocyanate groups, primary and/or secondary amino group of polymer having amino group, primary and/or secondary group of polyamine having 1 or more primary and/or secondary groups, and (meth)acryloyl group of polymer having 1 or 2 (meth)acryloyl groups in the terminal, and has amine titer value of 5-100 mg.potassium hydroxide/g. The vinyl polymer having 2 hydroxyl groups in both terminal is obtained by radical polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and compound having 2 hydroxyl groups and 1 thiol group in a molecule. The polymer having 1 or 2 (meth)acryloyl groups in the terminal is vinyl polymer or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imparting fire-resistant filler contains zinc carbonate. The silica type filler contains water-containing amorphous silica (precipitated silica).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layers (a-c) comprises thermoplastic resin which includes aromatic vinyl-type resin. The glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin of layers (a,c) is less than the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic resin of layer (b). The solar cell back sheet further has a water vapor barrier layer which consists of a film containing metal and/or metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate comprises glass or a plastic substrate. The backsheet comprises a glass or a laminated polymer film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The thin film solar cell comprises a superstrate silicon thin film solar cell, a superstrate copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell or a superstrate cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film solar cell. The thin film solar cell comprises a-Si silicon thin film, a mu c-Si silicon thin film, a tandem junction silicon thin film or a triple junction silicon thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant material comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyolefin, polyurethane or silicone. A reflectance range of the encapsulant material is 7-45%. The chemical crosslinking method comprises peroxide crosslinking or silane crosslinking. The physical crosslinking method comprises e-beam crosslinking or gamma ray crosslinking. The encapsulant material with porous structure is disposed between the crystalline silicon solar cells and between the first encapsulant layer and the second encapsulant layer. The encapsulant material with porous structure replaces the second encapsulant layer. The encapsulant material with porous structure is a plastic thin film structure, which is foamable polymeric material disposed between the crystalline silicon solar cells and between the first encapsulant layer and the second encapsulant layer using an additional stacking method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light receiving side of solar cell includes Group IB, IIIA and/or VIA thin film, or an amorphous silicon thin film. The conductive substrate of each solar cell includes stainless steel foil and/or aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant comprises ethylene vinyl acetate and/or thermoplastic polyurethane. The transparent front protective layer comprises glass and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The back protective layer comprises glass and/or polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The base substrate and protective substrate comprise glass. The bus bar comprises a transverse projection and the directional depression is orthogonal to the transverse projection or is directed to the side of the transverse projection.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer layer comprises poly(vinyl butyral).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The synthetic resin is colored thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin containing crosslinking agent for causing crosslinking at heat application and contains less than or equal to 50 wt.% transparent filler having such glass transition temperature that it will not be fluidized at temperature at which flow molding of synthetic resin is performed. Preferred Method: The antireflection process matt-finishes the incident surface and gives the incident surface a central line surface roughness of 0.03-2 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support frames are made of thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises metal oxide, metal halide, or metal nitride. The filler is present at 5-15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin monomer is of formula CH2=C(R2)-C(O)-O-R1. The epoxy resin monomer is of formula (I). The silicone resin monomer is of formula R1b-Si(R1a)(R1c)-R2-O-C(O)-C(CH2)-R3. The initiator comprises peroxide, azo compound, free radical initiator, cationic initiator, or metallocene complex.R1-R3, R1a-R1c=1-12C alkyl, t-butyl, 1-12C ester, 1-12C alkanol, or 1-12C cycloalkoxy. EXAMPLE - Silicone monomer of formula CH2=C(CH3)-C(O)-O-(CH2)3-Si(OCH3)2-OCH3 (333 g), silicon oxide (39 g) and azobisisobutyronitrile (6 g) were mixed and stirred at normal pressure and normal temperature to obtain encapsulant composition. The composition was heated by microwave source (800 W) for 10 minutes and added with Irgacure 184 (RTM: 1-hydroxycyclohexylbenzophenone) (3 g), Irgacure 369 (RTM: 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1(4-morpholino-phenyl)-1-butanone) (1.5 g) and I-ITX (RTM: 2-isopropylthioxanthone) (1.5 g). After mechanically stirring for 30 minutes, silicone-acrylic polymer was obtained. The silicone-acrylic polymer had viscosity of 7800 cPs, weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 87200, number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 52600, Mw/Mn of 1.66, adhesive strength of 1.78 kg/cm, hardness of 3B, light transparency of 95%, and reflective index of 1.62.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: The fiber bundles are spread out in one or more planes over round and cornered turning rollers with fixed mountings. More than 70 (preferably at least 99) wt. % of each fiber layer is of carbon, precursor, ceramic, glass and/or polymer (e.g. aramid) fibers. At least one fiber layer has an area weight of 50-800 (preferably 100-300) g/m2. At least one fiber bundle contains 500-500000 (preferably 12000-60000) filaments. Preferred Construction: The different orientations of the directed layers are at an angle of -90 to +90 degrees to the longitudinal direction of the multiaxial assembly. The fiber assemly optionally also includes tangled fiber layers, fleeces, non-woven fabrics or tangled fiber fleeces, above, below or within the remainder of the assembly. EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The acidic solution is sulfuric acid aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The alloy fine powder is synthesized by heating a solution in which platinum salt and iron salt are dispersed, and refluxing in anhydrous polyol, or by heating a solution obtained by dispersing platinum salt, iron salt, and carbon powder in polyol, refluxing, and supporting alloy fine powder by carbon powder. By heat-processing, the alloy fine powder is transferred to face-centered tetragonal structure from face-centered cubic structure. Preferred Property: The alloy fine powder has an average particle diameter of 2-4 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polyol is ethylene glycol. The platinum salt is platinum (II) bisacetylacetonate. The iron salt is iron (III) trisacetylacetonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen non-absorbing metal powder consists of copper, iron, and/or zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte. The compressive stress during 50% distortion of the electrolyte used for negative-electrode active-material layer is 0.01-2.5 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive-electrode active-material layer contains a lithium-transition metal complex oxide as active material. The negative-electrode active-material layer contains carbon material, aluminum, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, indium, and/or zinc as active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermoelectric conversion module is attached to amorphous type silicon solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of foam material that is selected from group consisting of polystyrene foam, urethane foam, phenolic foam and glass wool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The planar sealing material has lamination of base material layer (3-1) having surface with refractive index (n1), and high-refractive index layer (3-2) having surface with refractive index (n2) and thickness of 5-1000 nm. The refractive index (n2) is more than refractive index (n1) by 0.1 or more, and is preferably 1.6-2. Preferred Layers: The base material layer is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and polyolefin-type resin. The high-refractive index layer is obtained by polymerizing monomer having 2 or more aromatic rings and/or 2 or more sulfur atoms. The high-refractive index layer contains resin chosen from acrylic resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more, epoxy resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more and oxetane-type resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more. The acrylic resin is obtained by hardening an acrylic monomer having refractive index of 1.6 or more with light and/or heat. Preferred Monomer: The acrylate monomer contains polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds of formulae (I-IV).R11,R12,R21,R22,R31,R32,R41,R141,R43,R143=H or methyl;g-l=1-6;R33,R34=1-4C bivalent hydrocarbyl optionally having oxygen or sulfur atom;Z1,Z2=oxygen or sulfur;a,b=0-3;c=1-3;R42,R142=direct bond or -O(C2H4)d-;andd=1-5.Preferred Resin: The high-refractive index layer contains epoxy resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more and/or oxetane-type resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more. The epoxy resin is epoxy resin containing fluorene structure or epoxy resin having benzene ring and sulfur. The oxetane-type resin has benzene ring and sulfur. The resin contained in high refractive index layer is thermoplastic resin having refractive index of 1.6 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic film is formed using clay thin film comprising natural clay or synthetic clay such as vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite and nontronite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface protection sheet further has synthetic resin film having heat resistance and mechanical characteristics on surface(s) of ceramic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The amount of vinyl acetate in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin contained in joining intermediate layer is 25% or less. Elastomer resin is added to ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin of joining intermediate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: Liquid crystalline polyester contains 30-80 mol% of carboxyl-containing structural unit of formula: -O-Ar1-CO-, 35-10 mol% of carboxyl-containing structural unit of formula: -CO-Ar2-CO- and 35-10 mol% of heteroatom-containing structural unit of formula: -X-Ar3-Y'-.Ar1=phenylene or naphthylene;Ar2=phenylene, naphthylene or group (G) of formula: -Ar11-Z-Ar12-;Ar3=phenylene or (G);X,Y'=O or NH, preferably NH;Ar11,Ar12=Ar1;andZ=O, CO or SO2.Hydrogen atom coupled with aromatic ring of Ar1-Ar3 is optionally substituted by halo, alkyl or aryl. Preferred Method: A liquid composition containing liquid crystalline polyester and a solvent is impregnated in fiber sheet, and solvent is removed to form polyester layer. Preferred Layers: The solar cell has sequential lamination of liquid crystalline polyester layer, conductive layer, electric power generation layer and transparent electrode (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive powder is silver powder or silver composite powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The (meth)acrylate monomer mixture contains isobutyl methacrylate or n-butylmethacrylate. The organic solvent contains compound having aromatic ring and hydroxyl group or carbonyl group, and boiling point of 140-290 degrees C at 1 atmosphere. The compound having aromatic ring and hydroxyl group or carbonyl group is chosen from methylphenylacetate, ethylphenylacetate, ethylbenzoate, methylbenzoate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, propylene glycol monobenzyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, benzyl alcohol and benzyl glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer-type ionic dispersing agent contains polyamine or polycarboxylic acid as main component. The conductive layer of solar cell element is formed by screen-printing the electroconductive paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material layer is made of lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium nitride oxide and lithium manganese oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic iodate in the liquid electrolyte is iodide of formula M+I-.M+=Li+, Na+, or K+.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic iodate in the liquid electrolyte is ammonium iodide quaternary ammonium salt of formula ((R1)(R2)N(R3)(R4))+I-. The organic mixed solvent is mixture of acetonitrile (50-90 vol.%) and N-methylpyrrolidone (10-50 vol.%) or gamma -butyrolactone (50-90 vol.%) and N-methylpyrrolidone (10-50 vol.%).R1-R4=1-5C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polyacrylic acid polymer is polyacrylic acid/glutin copolymer, polyacrylic acid grafted with long-chain alkane quaternary ammonium salt with 10-32C, or polyacrylic acid glyceride polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte has hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic segment. The polymer electrolyte is polymer containing 2 or more types of monomer and has portion from which amount of sulfonic acid group introduction per polymeric repeating unit differs. Preferred Properties: The hydrophilic segment has ion exchange capacity of 1-8.5 meq/g. The polymer electrolyte has ion exchange capacity of 1-8.5 meq/g. Preferred Process: The polymer electrolyte is obtained by sulfonating polymer having aromatic heterocyclic ring-containing structure chosen from -(Ar1-X1)-n (I), -(Ar1-X1-Ar2-X2)-n (II), -(Ar1-X1-Ar2-X2-Ar3-X3)-n (III) and -(Ar1-X1-Ar2-X2-Ar3-X3-Ar4-X4)-n (IV).X1-X4=coupling group chosen from -O-, -S-, -NH-, -CO- and -SO2-, or direct bond;Ar1-Ar4=aromatic heterocyclic ring having 0-4 substituents chosen from alkyl, alkoxy, optionally substituted 6-30C aryl, ketone, sulfone, fluoro, chloro and bromo, and containing hydrocarbyl type aromatic ring or atom chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen;andn=integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible flat cable has an insulating layer formed on the conductor layer, the insulator layer being made from polyimide, organosilicone, epoxy resin or benzocyclobutene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The flame retardant is halogen group flame retardant, phosphate group flame retardant, melamine based flame retardant, and/or inorganic retardant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The packing material consists of a resin layer, a sealant layer which is the innermost layer, a barrier layer formed in the lower portion of outermost layer, and an adhesive layer formed between the outermost layer and barrier layer. The flame-retardant coating layer is formed on the outermost layer. Preferred Composition: The outermost layer contains a synthetic resin. The flame-retardant coating layer is formed using a composition containing (in parts weight) flame retardant (20-80), binder (100), and a slipping agent (3-20). The adhesive layer contains flame retardant (greater than 0 wt.% to less than 30 wt.%). The sealant layer contains flame retardant (0.1-20 wt.%). The sealant layer contains a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and butadiene. The resin layer contains flame retardant (0.1-30 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is polyester plasticizer, epoxy-type plasticizer, and/or phthalate ester plasticizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains polyisocyanate resin. The polyisocyanate resin is aliphatic-type isocyanate resin, alicyclic-type isocyanate resin, and/or aromatic aliphatic-type isocyanate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The content of composite particles in the fluororesin film is 6-25 %mass. The composite particles have an average particle diameter of 0.1-0.4 mu m and an acid solubility of 15-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrophobic agent is a silane coupling agent having an alkyl group, or a silicone compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The fluororesin film has an arithmetic mean deviation of 0.5-2.5 mu m and contains copper compounds (1-500 ppm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mixture contains atom or molecule which has electric charge. The polymeric group is diene group of formula CH2=CH-CH=CH. The polymer has two dimensions or three dimensions, or two dimensions and three dimensional crosslinked structure. Preferred Parameters: The mixture is molded to film form. Preferred Definitions:    4R-6R=CH2=CH-CH=CH.    EXAMPLE - The ammonium compound or phosphonium compound or their salts were manufactured by making dihydroxyoxymethylbenzoic acid react with bromododecyl-1,3-diene in presence of potassium carbonate for 8 hours, reducing using lithium aluminum hydride, chlorinating using thionyl chloride, using dichloromethane as solvent, reacting with triethylamine, and performing anion conversion using silver borofluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The unsaturated monomer comprises an acid anhydride functional group. In (I), at least some of the polyamide grafts are monofunctionalized primary amines. (I) comprise polyamide grafts (20-40 wt.%). The melting point of the polyamide grafts is 140-350 degrees C. The number-average molecular weight of the polyamide grafts is 1000-5000 (preferably 2000-3000) g/mol. The number of unsaturated monomers attached to the polyolefin backbone is 1.3-10. The polyolefin backbone is: a copolymer comprising an unsaturated monomer; or an ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer comprising an unsaturated monomer. (I) have a nanostructured organization. The protective backsheet film is a multilayer film comprising at least one layer of the composition. The protective backsheet film is in direct contact with the encapsulant comprising a polyolefin. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises a polyamide-grafted polymer blend. The composition is nanostructured. The composition further comprises a complementary polymer comprising polyolefins or polyamides, where the complementary polymer is different from the polyolefin backbone and the polyamide graft. The composition comprises at least 50 wt.% of polyamide-grafted polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An ethylene-propylene diene copolymer protective layer is placed between a solar energy battery panel and the top surface of the automobile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent thermal insulation layer made of PET or PC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The collector has an electrode mixture layer containing organic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound having pi-electron conjugation clouds is of formula (I). The organic compound in which the electroconductivity changes is polyaniline compound of formula (II or III).R1-R4=linear or cyclic aliphatic group;X=sulfur, oxygen, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, boron or halo;n=not defined;R5-R12=H, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, cyano, nitroso, halo, or alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic group, aralkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, aryloxy or aryloxy carbonyl (all optionally substituted);andor R5+R6+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+functional group=ring.N.B: n is not defined. N.B: X is defined, but does not appear in any other structure or group. When R5-R12 is (un)saturated optionally substituted linear, cyclic or branched aliphatic group, the aliphatic group optionally contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, boron or halo. When R5-R12 is optionally substituted aromatic group, the aromatic group optionally contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, boron or halo. When R5-R12 is hydroxy, hydroxy forms salt with metal atom. When R5-R12 is optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkoxy carbonyl or optionally substituted amino, alkoxy, alkoxy carbonyl or amino optionally contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, boron or halo. Preferred Composition: The organic compound having pi-electron conjugation clouds contains bis-ethylene dithio tetrathiafulvalene or its derivative(s). Preferred Property: The content of organic compound is 2-100 %mass with respect to electrode mixture layer (100 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid silicon compound material is an organic solvent liquid of polysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The moisture barrier film comprises at least one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, aluminum oxy-nitride, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon carbide, transparent ceramics, and carbon doped oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The moisture barrier film comprises at least one of parylene, or benzocyclobutene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The moisture barrier film comprises at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyimide, or polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali electrolyte solution is potassium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 40 %mass or more, and contains lithium hydroxide (0.1-2 %mass). The zinc porous component has an average grain size of 20-100 mu m. The zinc fibers have a diameter of 50-500 mu m and a length of 10-300 mu m. The positive electrode contains manganese dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The electron donor is porphyrin compound, phthalocyanine compound, or benzoporphyrin compound of formula (IV or V) formed by heat conversion from a soluble precursor. The electron acceptor is fullerene compound.Z1a,Z1b,R4-R7=H, halo or monovalent organic group;or Z1a+Z1b=ring;andM'=bivalent metal atom, or atom group formed by coupling metal and other atom having trivalency or more.Preferred Method: After the layer containing benzophosphole compound (I, II or III) is formed, annealing treatment is carried out at 50-250 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electron donor is further chosen from a conjugated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solvent for synthesizing epoxy resin is toluene and/or dimethylbenzene. The catalyst for synthesizing diluting agent is boron trichloride dimethyl ether complex compound, boron trichloride diethyl ether complex compound, antimony trifluoride dimethyl ether complex compound or antimony trifluoride diethyl ether complex compound, with additive of 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the dodecanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymers comprise A, D compounds and bithiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains a fluorine-type dispersing agent and electroconductive carbon fiber. The content of fluoridation pitch contained with respect to 100 parts weight of electroconductive carbon particles is 5-300 parts weight. Preferred Method: An electroconductive porous base material is subjected to water-repellent process. The processed base material is then coated using the paste composition, dried and baked, to obtain gas diffusion layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-repellent process is carried out using an aqueous suspension liquid containing an aqueous dispersant and a fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles further contains spherical electroconductive particles having average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m. The electroconductive particles contain 50-95 %mass of flake-shaped electroconductive particles and 1-10 %mass of nano-silver particles. The nano-silver particles contain spherical shape particles and anisotropic particles other than spherical shape particles. The mass ratio of heat-hardenable resin composition and electroconductive particles are 2-15:75-95. Preferred Components: The flake-shaped electroconductive particles are silver particles. The spherical electroconductive particles are silver particles. Preferred Condition: The electroconductive ink composition is heat-hardened at 100-280 degrees C, after coating on substrate. The collector electrode of photovoltaic cell is formed on transparent conductive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hardening agent is imidazole, tertiary amine and/or Lewis acid containing boron fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The heat-hardenable resin composition is epoxy resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Construction: The energy store (ESP1) optionally also includes a thermally conductive connecting layer (specifically thermally conductive polyurethane foam, thermally conductive GAP filler, a thermo-pad, a thermally conductive paste, a thermally conductive foam material or a double-sided adhesive tape) between the first side surface and the cooling element (KF). The cell body (ZK) of the flat cell(s) (Z1) contains packing surrounding the cell body and having a connecting section standing away from the cell body at least along the first side surface; preferably the cooling element has at least one indentation to receive this connecting section. The energy store also includes a cooling plate (KB) thermally coupled with a cell base surface to improve heat removal, the cooling plate preferably being connected with the cooling element (KF). In particular the energy store contains at least two flat cells (Z1, Z2), each connected via a base surface with the cooling plant and connected via the first side surface with the cooling element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The energy store optionally includes a thermally conductive connecting layer, of thermally conductive polyurethane foam, between the first side surface and the cooling element (KF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Solar Cell: The dielectric comprises a silicon oxide layer or is formed of a ceramic or polymer material. The lower and upper substrates are flexible. The lower substrate comprises a polymer layer coated with a conductive material or a metal layer. The upper substrate comprises a transparent polymer layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises: (i) a catalyst layer disposed on the light emitting surface of the upper substrate; and (ii) a conductive layer disposed between the catalyst layer and the light emitting surface. The lower substrate is formed metals and metal alloys or comprises a glass or a polymer layer coated with a conductive material. Preferred Method: In fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell, the dielectric is formed using a spin-coating, a dip-coating, a chemical vapor deposition, a physical vapor deposition, or an atomic layer chemical vapor deposition. The method further comprises performing a thermal process after the dielectric is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant comprises poly-ethyl-vinyl acetate. The transparent cover comprises glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The end plate structure components are made of ferrous alloy, non-ferrous alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The end plate manifold components are made of polymer material that is selected from a group consisting of rubber, plastics and fiber composites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Making a photovoltaic cell further comprises applying a polymer lamination layer to the flattened metal layer followed by a layer of glass. The spaced ramps are separated so that there is a region of flat superstrate between each spaced ramp. The transparent conductive oxide layer is deposited by physical vapor deposition and the transparent conductive oxide layer is deposited on an angle so that the vertical faces of the spaced ramps are shielded by the ramped surfaces. The silicon layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition. The peaks in the metal layer are flattened by one or more process including buffing, grinding and cutting. It further comprises cleaning the vertical face of the spaced ramps after deposition of the transparent conductive oxide layer by laser ablation performed at a grazing angle to hit substantially only the vertical surfaces. The superstrate is glass or plastic, and the spaced ramps are formed on the superstrate by one or more of intaglio, rotogravure, etching, engraving, relief printing and lithography. Preferred Device: In the photovoltaic cell, the spaced ramps extend from the superstrate through at least a portion of the layers and the metal layer is smoothed resulting in a substantially flat back surface and exposing portions of the silicon layer and the silicon layer does not extend above the vertical side of the spaced ramps. It further comprises a polymer laminate on the metal layer and glass on the polymer laminate layer. The separation between the spaced ramps is in the range of about 5 mm to about 10 mm and the spaced ramps extend outwardly from the back side of the superstrate up to a height of about 5 microns. The superstrate is about 3 mm thick and the superstrate is glass. The metal layer is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, molybdenum and combinations. It has a dead zone smaller than about 100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The layer of filling material is made of foam, particularly polyurethane- or polystyrene-foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The hardening agent is isocyanate-type crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The rubber material is chosen from chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM rubber), ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and maleic acid-modified ethylene-propylene diene rubber. The rubber material is a compound containing 2-40 weight% of strong polar atoms in a molecule and having mean molecular weight of 10000-50000. The liquid substance is chosen from polyisoprene skeleton, polybutadiene skeleton and polybutene skeleton. The liquid substance is a compound having hydroxyl group in terminal and molecular weight of 1000-5000. Preferred Composition: The adhesive contains (in weight%) rubber material (70-99), liquid substance (1-30) and hardening agent (30 or less). Preferred Properties: The adhesive has storage-elastic-modulus (G') of 4.5-6.9x 105 Pa measured using dynamic-viscoelasticity spectrum at 25 degrees C and frequency of 1 Hz, or 7-9x 104 Pa at 90 degrees C, and loss tangent tan-( delta ) of 0.40-0.43 or 0.70-0.82.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The primary and secondary charge transport materials have the structure of the embossed nanoscale relief structure in an embossed substrate layer or coating, where the substrate is released using a solvent. The primary and secondary charge transport materials are chosen from polymers, organic molecules and semiconducting particles, or photoactive organic material. At least one of the charge transport materials include polymer comprising conducting or semi-conducting segment coupled to polymer segment having an insulating polymer backbone, and a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer functional group coupled to the polymer segment. The reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer functional group is chosen from trithiocarbonate, dithiocarbamate, dithiocarbonate and dithioester. The conducting or semi-conducting segment is a terminal segment of the polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises washing the mixture solution by using a washing agent including deionized water or ethanol before the drying step. Preferred Components: In the method, a solvent of the mixture solution includes water. The mixture solution does not include organic solvent. The element of group IB comprises copper or silver. The element of group IIIA comprises aluminum, indium, or gallium. The element of group VIA comprises sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. The IB-IIIA-VIA-group crystalline structure has a chalcopyrite structure. The IB-IIIA-VIA-group crystalline structure or IB-IIIA-VIA-group chalcopyrite structure used for polymer thin-film solar cells is mixed with a conductive polymer. The IB-IIIA-VIA-group amorphous powders are transformed into the IB-IIIA-VIA-group crystalline structure by annealing the IB-IIIA-VIA-group amorphous powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, polypyrrole, or polyaniline. EXAMPLE - Copper(II) chloride dihydride, indium trichloride and sodium selenite (with molar ratio of copper:indium:selenium of 1:1:2) were weighed and dissolved in water and were positioned in a container. A magnet was placed into the mixture solution and uniformly agitated by a magnetic stirrer driver for 10 minutes. After agitation the container was tightly locked in a microwave reactor. The mixture solution was heated by a microwave generator with 200 W at 180 degrees C for 30 minutes. After the reaction was completed, the mixture solution was placed into a funnel for separation and washed by ethanol or water to give a glue mixture. The filtered product was placed into a vacuum high temperature baking oven and dried at 80 degrees C for 1 hour to give copper indium selenite (CuIn(SeO3)2) powders.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The interphase layer is made of pyrolytic carbon, boron nitride and carbon doped with boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic net is made of a material selected from a group consisting of an alloy of aluminum, titanium, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The shell is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cup cover is made of transparent plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent is silica, magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth, alumina, magnesia, zeolite, aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate or zirconium silicate, or preferably carbon. The combination of carbon and molecular sieve is used as adsorbents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of PVDF is 1-95 (preferably 1-50) wt.% of N-alkyllactam. The N-alkyllactam is N-Methyl-pyrrolidone and/or N-Ethyl-pyrrolidone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coloring agent is anatase titanium dioxide, precipitated barite or talcum powder. The co-solidifying agent is organic stannide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The composition B is comprised of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) biuret type polyisocyanate solution (10-25 pts.wt.). The organic solvent is a mixture of propanediol methyl ether acetic ester, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, aliphatic hydrocarbons containing oil or aromatic oil. The flatting agent is flatting agent with epoxy acrylate homopolymer. The anti-settling agent is organic modified soil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The middle layer and outermost layer of coating are comprised of polyurethane material. The undercoat layer is comprised of compositions A and B, where composition A contains solid bisphenol A epoxy resin (20-30 pts.wt.), liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin (2-6 pts.wt.), organic solvent (19-30 pts.wt.), anti-settling agent (1-6 pts.wt.), anti-foaming agent (0.1-0.5 pts.wt.), coloring agent (45-60 pts.wt.), dispersant (1.5-3 pts.wt.), flatting agent (0.2-0.5 pts.wt.), co-solidifying agent (0.02-0.04 pts.wt.) and co-adhesive agent (0.5-1 pts.wt.). The dispersant is polyacrylate polymer or polyurethane polymer solution with pro-pigment group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Preparation of anode of the air battery is as follows: Magnesium hydride or magnesium-based metal hydride powder, polypyrrole-modified carbon soot, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or polyvinyl alcohol solution in mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.5:1-3 are mixed with slurry, then coated on base material and dried at room temperature, to obtain anode of the air battery. Preparation of cathode of the air battery is as follows: Polypyrrole-modified carbon-containing transition metal hydroxide is mixed with water, polytetrafluoroethylene suspension (5 weight%) and absolute ethyl alcohol in mass ratio of 1:3:2-7:3-6, to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry is coated on carbon paper or carbon cloth having hydrophobic property and then dried, to obtain cathode of the air battery. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the electrolyte of air battery is 1-6 mole/L. The mass ratio of magnesium hydride or magnesium-based metal hydride to base material in the anode is 1:0.05-0.5. The mass ratio of polypyrrole-modified carbon containing transition metal hydroxide catalyst to carbon paper or carbon cloth in cathode is 1:10-100. The base material of anode is a porous metal material like nickel foam or copper foam, or porous material made of carbon fiber, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The high resistivity layer comprises metal oxide chosen from vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, indium tin oxide, strontium oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, and their alloys. The high resistivity layer comprises insulation material. The insulation material is silicon or aluminum oxide. The high resistivity layer comprises metal nitride. The n-type semiconductor layer comprises cadmium sulfate, zinc sulfate, or indium sulfate. The transparent conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum gallium zinc oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc oxide, or zirconium dioxide. The metal layer comprises molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and/or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass substrate, polyimide flexible substrate, metal plate or foil of stainless steel, molybdenum, copper, titanium or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The clay component is chosen from mica, talc, vermiculite, smectite, bentonite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite and nontronite, preferably hydrotalcite-type component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The clay component contains organic cation compound with ammonium salt, phosphonium salt or imidazolium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protection sheet further contains hydrophobic resin film layer having thickness of 1-1000 mu m and contact angle of 60 degrees or more with water, provided on clay film layer. The hydrophobic resin film layer contains 50 weight% or more of fluorine resin. The clay film layer and hydrophobic resin layer are laminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nickel plating liquid is nickel-phosphorus plating liquid containing phosphorus, nickel-phosphorus-iron plating liquid containing iron, or nickel-boron plating liquid containing boron. Preferred Layer: The nickel plated layer is nickel-phosphorus plated layer containing phosphorus (7-20 %mass), nickel-phosphorus-iron plated layer, or nickel-boron plated layer containing boron (0.1-2 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a porous screen at least on one side. The area ratio of the pressure-sensitive adhesive region to the porous screen region is 5/95-95/5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The first sealant cap is made of glass. The casing is made of borosilicate glass or soda lime glass. The sealant cap is hermetically sealed with a continuous strip of sealant formed from glass frit, sol-gel, or ceramic cement.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water resistant layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), silicon oxide (SiOx) or aluminum oxide. The butyl rubber includes an active desiccant which is calcium oxide or barium oxide.x, y=positive integers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first sealant cap is made of metal or metal alloy, or low expansion stainless steel alloy. The first sealant cap is made of KOVAR (RTM: nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A filler layer (560) is disposed on the solar cells, and comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, silicone, silicone gel, epoxy, polydimethyl siloxane, room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylic, fluoropolymer, or urethane. A water resistant layer is disposed on the solar cells, and comprises clear silicone. The first sealant cap is hermetically sealed to the first end of the casing using a butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The supply amount control unit has thermal responsive component (5) formed using bimetal, memory alloy or thermosensitive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst layer is platinum metal layer or carbon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light polarization dye comprises dichroic dye. The dichroic dye is P-type dichroic dye, N-type dichroic dye, anthraquinone dye or azo dye. The bearing substrate is triacetate substrate, polyvinyl alcohol substrate or polyethylene glycol terephthalate substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: In the battery, the battery has an 18650 form-factor, where the lateral outer surface is cylindrical, and where the cell case bottom is integral to the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) covers 15 percent or less of the lateral outer surface of the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) covers 10 percent or less of the lateral outer surface of the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) covers 5 percent or less of the lateral outer surface of the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) is comprised of a shrink-fit material, and where the dielectric barrier (401) is shrunk to fit the lateral outer surface of the cell case. It further comprises an electrically insulating disk interposed between an inner surface of the dielectric barrier (401) and an outer surface of an end edge portion of the cell case. The electrically insulating disk is comprised of a material selected from the group of materials consisting of synthetic polymers, synthetic fluoropolymers, and polyimides. The dielectric barrier (401) is comprised of a material selected from the group of materials consisting of synthetic polymers, synthetic fluoropolymers, and polyimides. The dielectric barrier (401) is comprised of a molded end cap. The molded end cap is comprised of an elastomeric material. The dielectric barrier (401) is friction fit to the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) is bonded to the cell case. The portion of the dielectric barrier (401) extends into a crimped region (405) on the lateral outer surface of the cell case. The dielectric barrier (401) does not extend beyond the crimped region (405) on the lateral outer surface of the cell case. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The P3HT-b-P(S'xA'y)-C6-0 diblock is synthesized by carrying out polymerization reaction and performing cycloaddition reactions. Preferred Composition: The weight percentage of each of P3HT, PCBM in wt.% solution, and P3HT-b-P(S'xA'y)-C60 per amount of P3HT is 1-10, 0.1-10, 0.1-5, and 1-20 (preferably 1, 0.7, 1, and 5), respectively. The mole percentage of each of P3HT, polystyrene and polyacrylate, and weight percentage of C60 are 10-20, 50-80, 10-40, and 30-50, respectively. EXAMPLE - A mixture of polytosylhydrazone (360 mg), sodium methoxide (36 mg) and dry pyridine (20 ml) was placed under argon and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. A solution of C60 (0.28 g) in ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) (100 ml) was added into mixture, and the homogeneous reaction mixture was stirred at 70 degrees C under argon for 2 days. The solution was heated to reflux and allowed to continue overnight again. The resulting mixture was vacuum-concentrated and precipitated in methanol (200 ml). The crude product was extracted with methanol for 1 day and hexane for 7 days. The residue was redissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 500 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated and washed with hexane. The crude product was redissolved in THF (500 ml) and filtered, and then evaporated. The obtained residue was redissolved in o-DCB and precipitated into hot hexane (200 ml), which was repeated until disappearance of unreacted fullerene. The product was collected and dried to give reddish brown polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The conductive filler is metal powder or conductive ceramic powder. The metal powder is nickel powder. The conductive ceramic powder is titanium carbide powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crystalline polymer contains polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light incident surface is coated by a water repellent material comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, reactive modifying agent with a water-free polymer, silicon rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, or polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first substrate is made of silicon wafer material. Preferred Method: The first substrate is provided by depositing silicon dioxide (SiO2) on Si wafer via thermal oxidation, forming photoresist on one surface of Si wafer and performing photolithography on photoresist except the portion corresponding to the first grooved path, pouring polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Si wafer and separating the cured PDMS layer from Si wafer, and surface-treating the inner surface of first grooved path and coating a catalyst layer on surface-treated inner surface of first grooved path. The second substrate is provided by depositing a platinum electrode on exposed SiO2 surface of opposed peripheries across the second grooved path to form a heating unit; or depositing SiO2 layer on electrode surface of heating unit and inner surface of grooved path.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first substrate may be made of polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The terminal group is -NR9R10 or -N(R11)-p-Ph-R12.R9-R11=H, 1-10C alkyl, -E1R13 or -E2-OR14;E1,E2=m-phenylenyl or p-phenylenyl;R13,R14=H or 1-20C alkyl;R12=H, 1-20C alkyl, OR13, -E3-R16, or -E4-OR17;E3,E4=m-phenylenyl; andR15-R17=H or 1-20C alkyl. EXAMPLE - Cyanuric chloride (9.22 g) was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (100 mL) to form cyanuric chloride solution, dioctylamine (24.15 g) was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (100 mL) to form dioctylamine solution. The dioctylamine solution was slowly added to the cyanuric chloride solution, stirred for 1 hour in ice bath, added with triethylamine (14.04 g) and reacted for 5 minutes. The mixture was then reacted at room temperature, and was monitored using thin layer chromatography every 30 minutes to determine completeness of the reaction. The mixture was then washed twice with potassium hydroxide solution (5 M), then washed once with water. The organic layers of the extracted solution were combined, treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and heated under reduced pressure to evaporate organic solvents, obtaining triazine-core dendritic polymer of formula (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive comprises a material selected from the group consisting of epoxies, urethanes, cyclopentadienes, methylmethacrylates, vinylesters, and polyesters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The spacers are made of compressible material that is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and alumina silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - In the method, the depositing the first electrode stack and the second electrode stack comprises successively depositing: an insulating layer; a catalyst particle-containing matrix layer; a metal layer; and an insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dopants present in the transparent conductive layer are selected from one of boron oxide and titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric material is made of a material selected from a group of materials consisting of synthetic polymers, synthetic fluoropolymers and polyimides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transition metal is selected from molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium or zirconium (preferably molybdenum). The alkali metal is selected from lithium, sodium or potassium (preferably sodium). The second target comprises alloy or compound of the alkali metal such as sodium with selenium, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, niobium or zirconium such as sodium molybdate, sodium fluoride, sodium selenide, sodium hydroxide, sodium oxide, sodium sulfate, and sodium tungstate, sodium selenate, sodium selenite, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium titanate, sodium metavanadate and/or sodium orthovanadate (preferably sodium fluoride). The first target comprises molybdenum. The sputtering atmosphere comprises argon gas and a selenium-containing gas. The two electrically conductive targets are copper, indium or gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises web substrate selected from metal web substrate, a polymer web substrate, or a polymer coated metal web substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-noble metal and/or its oxide is iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and/or nickel (Ni). The catalyst further includes promoter such as alkaline, earth-alkaline and lanthanides groups of the periodic table. Preferred Composition: The total metal loading of catalyst is 5-50 wt.%, where surface area is 30-360 m2/g. Preferred Process: The deposition of metal ions of non-noble metal is performed by incipient wetness impregnation method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is phenyl derivative of formula (A) or polymer derivative of formula (C).R1=H or 1-10C hydrocarbon radical (optionally substituted with halo);R2, R3=electron-attractor group, e.g. H, halo, acyl, ester, COOH, formyl, -NH-, sulfonic acid, aryl, or 1-15C linear or branched alkyl (optionally substituted with halo);y=2-120;x=1-2;n=1-3; andR4, R5=electron-donor group, e.g. H, OH, ether, -NH, or 1-15C linear or branched aryl or alkyl; orR2+R3=condensed cycles with Ph or -NO-.Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of organic material and inorganic porous material is 0.5-2. EXAMPLE - A gamma -aluminum oxide ( gamma -Al2O3) or alumina (5 g) was added with polymer (7 g), ammonium nitrate (7 g) and distilled water (150 ml). An ammonia solution (30 wt.%) was added dropwise until pH was 9. The suspension was heated to 50 degrees C and stirred for 8 hours. The solvent was removed, and obtained solid was dried at 70 degrees C overnight. The dried material was pyrolyzed in argon flow at 900 degrees C for 2 hours. The composite material (0.9 g) was impregnated via incipient wetness with aqueous solution containing iron (II) acetate (0.31 g) to obtain final metal load (10 wt.%). The material was dried at 70 degrees C and reduced in hydrogen flow at 500 degrees C for 2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductor electrically connecting the catalyst component layer and electrode element, comprises transition metal and electroconductive carbon. The conductor contains electroconductive paste that comprises gold, silver and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductor contains electroconductive paste that comprises resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Flame retardant is non-halogen flame-retardant compound, inorganic metal and/or inorganic metallic compound which contains phosphorus and/or nitrogen atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material thermoplastic resin film contains greater than or equal to 2 mass% inorganic particle with respect to the total mass of base-material thermoplastic resin film, and is a porous white thermoplastic resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible adhesive material layer is made of polyvinyl butyral or transparent ethylene-vinyl acetate material. The insulating plate of solar mobile power supply is made of epoxy resin board. The cover plate of power supply is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or transparent polyvinyl fluoride material. The back plate is made of polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane or piece of leather.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The illumination device and the injector are made of medical nontoxic transparent plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode is made of titanium oxy sulfide, vanadium pentoxide and titanium disulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The covering layer made of polymer is formed between the metal layer and stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal powder contains silver, gold, platinum, rhodium, palladium, nickel, aluminum, and/or copper, preferably silver powder. The inorganic binder is glass frit. Preferred Property: The conductive paste composition has viscosity of 50000-500000 centipoise.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel is 1-50 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of alumina carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium precursor solution is tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate or ethyl titanate. The n-butyl acetate or isopropanol is used instead of absolute ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block polymer is triblock copolymer of polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and polyoxyethylene, or diblock copolymer of polystyrene and polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically insulating coating is comprised of plastic, Teflon (RTM: PTFE), Kalrez (RTM: Perfluoroelastomer) or Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The cathode is a carbon paper electrode, ruthenium-titanium electrode, a tin dioxide electrode, a 10% platinum-carried carbon paper electrode, a lead dioxide electrode, or a graphite electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The cathode is a stainless steel electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat absorption working substance cavity body is made of a thermosetting transparent resin fiber reinforced plastic material or a thermoplastic transparent resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The signal ends contain CPU processors based on C8051 structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The power supply is a lithium-ion/polymer battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The species of microorganism is selected from thermophilic Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901, Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Bdellovibrio sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Citrobacter sp. Y19, Methanosarcina acetivorans c2A, or Bacillus smithii. The microorganism comprises algae and bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The inert gas includes nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biodegradable biomass is selected from manure, wastewater sludge, or municipal waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The biomass comprises starch, sugar, or cellulose. The carbon-rich substrate includes starch and sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer is selected among ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers (EMA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The transparent layer is selected among fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP), and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) resins. The coating comprises at least one layer selected among acrylic, radiation curable, electron-beam curable or two-component polyurethane coatings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal oxide and/or electroconductive particle is 5-100 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of electrolyte solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material is cellulose derivative, polymethacrylic acid ester-type resin and/or fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive metal contains metal or alloys chosen from silver, platinum and nickel, preferably silver having purity of 85% and average particle diameter of 1-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The slurry composition contains (in %mass) electroconductive metal particles (35-70), organic polymers (10-25), inorganic binders (1-3), additives (0-3) and solvent (15-50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoparticle consists of barium titanate or strontium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic nanoparticle consists of polyvinylidene fluoride or poly (vinylidene fluoride/trifluoro-ethylene) as ferroelectric dipole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer further contains polyisocyanate resin chosen from aliphatic type isocyanate resin, alicyclic type isocyanate resin and aromatic-aliphatic type isocyanate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intergrowth compound and cathode comprise alloy of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and alloy of lithium manganese nickel cobalt oxide, where the alloy of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide of the intergrowth compound and cathode is represented as Lix(Nia, Cob Alc)O2 where x is 0-1.5, and the sum of a, b and c is 1 and the alloy of lithium manganese nickel cobalt oxide is represented as Lix(Mna, Nib, Coc)O2 where x is 0-1.5 and the sum of a, b and c is 1. The sintered ceramic comprises lithium cobalt oxide. The electrolyte filling the pores comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate. The nonporous electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte filling the pores comprises polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The precursor for nanotubes is AsH3 (arsine). The silicon substrate comprises a (111)-oriented Si wafer. The group III-V nanowires comprise InAs or GaAs nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The precursor for nanotubes is trimethyl-indium ((CH3)3In) (TMI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copolymer comprises 1 to just less than 50 wt.% monomer units consisting of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itatonic acid, alpha -methyl styrene, maleic anhydride, maleimide, isobornyl methacrylate, norbornyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate or methacrylamide, preferably methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid monomer units.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic glazing material has Tg of greater than or equal to 115 (preferably greater than or equal to 125) degrees C. The acrylic glazing is copolymer. The high Tg monomer units have Tg of greater than 130 degrees C. The acrylic glazing is blend of acrylic polymer and other polymer(s) miscible with acrylic polymer. The module further comprises thin polymeric layers on top of exterior surface (exposed to environment) and adhering to acrylic glazing. The acrylic glazing material comprises additives comprising UV stabilizers, organic UV stabilizers, nano-sized inorganic particles for permanent UV protection, plasticizers, fillers, coloring agents, pigments, antioxidants, antistatic agents, surfactants, toners, refractive index matching additives, lubricants or dispersing aids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The ionomer has a melt flow rate of 0.75-20 g/10 min, and the precursor alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer has a melt flow rate of 1-1000 g/10 min as determined in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C and under a weight of 2.16 kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cells are wafer-based solar cells consisting of crystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, ribbon silicon and gallium arsenide based solar cells. The solar cells are thin film solar cells consisting of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, copper indium/gallium diselenide, light absorbing dyes and organic semiconductor based solar cells. The antireflective coating comprises a material consisting of magnesium fluoride, a fluoropolymer, a fluoroelastomer and/or mixtures. The cations include ions of sodium (55-70%) and/or ions of zinc (30-45%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer having thickness of 1 nm or more contains 10 %mass or more of titanium and oxygen, and 20 %mass or more of silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The plastic bending characteristics of cladding material conforms to JIS-K7171 and JIS-K7215 standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The translucent film includes ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of silicon of D nucleus with respect to total silicon content of polymer film is 0.3 or more and the molar ratio of Q nucleus including elements chosen from tungsten, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium with respect to total silicon content of polymer film is 0.025-0.25.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic group chemically bonded with silicon of polymer film is methyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The lengths of the fibers are 5-50 mm. The resin is a hot melt resin, which comprises epoxy, thermoplastic, or polyurethane. The ratio of resin to fibers is selected in dependence on the predicting step. A coating material is applied to a surface of the mold before the dispensing steps. Fiber dispensing is undertaken by a chopper gun (30). Resin dispensing is undertaken by a spray forming nozzle (50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The adhesion prevention layer is coated with gold, gold alloy, titanium, or titanium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesion prevention layer is coated with fluorine resin, silicon resin, urethane resin or olefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer having thickness of 1 nm or more contains 10 %mass or more of titanium and oxygen, and 20 %mass of primary component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer contains fine particles (33a), and carbide or nitride of chromium, titanium, iron, titanium, copper and/or aluminum. The electroconductive component further has reinforced layer containing electroconductive particles including noble metal or its alloy, and hydrophilized layer containing metal, metal nitride, metal carbide and/or metal oxide. Preferred Property: The layer (a) has Vickers hardness of 1500 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material is obtained from porous material. The porous material contains carbon fiber, carbonized fiber, metal fiber and/or organic fiber. The carbon fiber is polyacrylonitrile-type or pitch-type carbon fiber. The carbonized fiber does not contain graphitized fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conduit is a steel conduit lined by the polymer lining.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conduit of the energy accumulation system includes a polymer lining enclosed in a reinforcement cage. Areas of the conduit, turbine, or pump which come in contact with sea water are covered by the polymer material that suppresses adhesion of marine organisms or corrosion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lengths of the fibers are 5-200 (preferably 5-50) mm. The resin is a hot melt resin. The hot melt resin comprises one of epoxy, a thermoplastic and polyurethane. The ratio of resin to fibers is selected in dependence on the predicting step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive active material contains lithium cobalt oxide or lithium manganate, lithium ion phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, conductor and adhesive. The negative active material contains graphite or lithium titanate, conductor and adhesive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plastic material is polypropylene or polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotubes are modified or pristine carbon nanohorns, modified or pristine carbon nanocapsules, modified or pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes, modified or pristine double-walled carbon nanotubes, or modified or pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are modified or pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes, modified or pristine double-walled carbon nanotubes, or modified or pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pulverizing the melt compounding material from the melt compounding step to form a melt compounding powder, and the molding step comprises placing the melt compounding powder in a mold. The molding step is a compression molding or injection molding. Preferred Component: The polypropylene resin is the homopolymer of propylene. The polypropylene resin is the random copolymer of propylene and ethylene. EXAMPLE - Propylene homopolymer (1.10 g), graphite powder (40 g) and pristine carbon nanotubes (0.8 g) were melt compounded at 180 degrees C and 50 rpm for 10 minutes. The melt compound material was removed from the brabender and cooled at room temperature. The melt compound material was divided into several lumps, which were then pulverized in a mill for two minutes and half to form powders. A slab mold was fastened to the upper and lower platforms of a hot press. The pre-heating temperature of the mold was set at 180 degrees C. After the temperature had reached the set point, the powder was disposed at the center of the mold and pressed at 1500 psi to form a specimen. After 30 minutes, the heater was turned off and the specimen was cooled in the mold to 80 degrees C, which was then removed from the mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous substrate is formed using carbon fiber felt and/or carbon fiber paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first ink comprises silver alloy, and consists of silver-copper alloy and/or silver-geranium alloy. The second ink comprises copper and/or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nanowire has ratio of diameter to length of 50 or more. Preferred Salt: The metal salt is silver nitrate, silver acetate, palladium chloride, platinum chloride, gold (III) perchlorate or gold (I) perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains imidazolium group compounds of formulae (I,II).R1-R3=H or 1-16C hydrocarbyl;andX=anion chosen from Br-, Cl-, I-, BF4-, PF6-, ClO4-, NO3-, AlCl4-, Al2Cl7-, AsF6-, SbF6-, CH3COO-, CF3COO-, CH3SO3-, CF3SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (CF3SO2)3C-, (CF3CF2SO2)2N-, C4F9SO3-, C3F7COO- and (CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N-.Preferred Solvent: The reduction reaction is carried out using a solvent chosen from ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, glycerine and glycol. Preferred Agent: The reduction reaction is carried out using a dispersing agent chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyltrimethylammonium bromate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, poly(sodium-4-styrene-sulfonate) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The repeat moiety comprising arylamine and repeat moiety comprising fluorinated alkyleneoxy are alternating moieties. The arylamine comprises triarylamine. The fluorinated alkyleneoxy comprises 1-10C alkylene ether, fluorinated 1-10C vinyl ether, or trifluoroalkyleneoxy moiety. The composition comprises soluble, linear polymer comprising arylamine and fluorinated alkyleneoxy. The composition is crosslinked. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The weight average molecular weight of poly (I group element-4-styrene-sulfonate) is 5000-200000 g/mole. The electroconductive polymer is polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly (3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene), poly (3,4-dialkyl thiophene), poly (3,4-dialkoxythiophene), poly (3,4-cycloalkylthiophene), or their modified substance. The monomer of electroconductive polymer is chosen from pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 3,4-dialkyl thiophene, 3,4-dialkoxythiophene, 3,4- cycloalkylthiophene and their modified substance. Preferred Solution: The coating solution contains solvent chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, N-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, benzene, chlorobenzene, nitromethane, toluene, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, xylene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methyl ethyl ketone, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, and n-butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is titanium oxide. The hole blocking layer comprises lithium fluoride, metal oxides or amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proton scavenger comprises a guanidinoalkanoic acid such as a guanidino-butyric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole carrier layer comprises a material of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, triaryl amines, polythiophenes, polyanilines, polycarbazoles, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes, polyisothianaphthanenes, poly(3-hexylthiophene) and/or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The photovoltaic module further has a polymer laminate on the back contact layer and glass on the polymer laminate layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorber in the photovoltaic module contains silicon, cadmium telluride, copper-indium-gallium selenide and/or copper-indium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: A resin is coated on the surface of a substrate, during manufacture of thin film solar cell. The microlenses have diameters of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent layer contains acryl-based monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the detecting plate for chemical luminescence immune analyzer, the LED lamp is used as the light source (2) and a polymer lithium ion cell is used as the power supply (5) of the light source (2). The faucet (6) for charging the power supply (5), an electric quantity indicator lamp (7) and a charge display lamp (8) are arranged at the side of the plate body (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The acrylic-type polymer particulate has number average particle size of 50-1500 nm. Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains non-particulate polymer and thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinked-and-foamed rubber contains nitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particles for the bonding material of the wind turbine blade may be made of magnetizable material e.g. nickel, cobalt, iron, and their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Photovoltaic Cell Generator Unit: The input means are supported by a second arm protruding from a peripheral edge of the parabolic body. The photovoltaic surface of incidence extends within the input means in a position adjacent to the focal point. The photovoltaic surface of incidence extends at least partially perpendicularly to the optical axis. It also extends within the input means and in that the focal point lies on the photovoltaic surface of incidence. The photovoltaic surface of incidence extends in a remote position with respect to the input means; where the photovoltaic cell device further comprises light wave transfer means interposed between the input means and the photovoltaic surface of incidence; and the transfer means comprises a transfer means permeable to light in a liquid or gel form. The transfer means permeable to light is a silicone liquid, preferably a polydimethylsilicone liquid. The silicone liquid has a thermal conductivity of 0.10-0.20 w/(mK). It has a dissipation factor of 0.00009-0.00015 at 25 degrees C and 50 Hz. The transfer means comprise a closed piping on one side, by the input means, and on the other side, at least partially by the photovoltaic surface of incidence, the piping housing the light transfer means. The piping is flexible in order to follow an at least partially curved path. The liquid light transfer means and the electrically insulating and cooling liquid are separate from one another. The transfer means comprise a piping hydraulically communicating with the cooling circuit and use a silicone or polymethylsilicone liquid in common with the cooling circuit. The photovoltaic cell at least partially delimits a chamber housing at least part of the electrically insulating, cooling liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin layer (A) has reflectance of 50% or more, when emitting light with wavelength of 400-1400 nm on surface of resin layer (A), transmittance of 60% or more with respect to light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm and absorption factor of 60% or more with respect to light with wavelength of 400-700 nm. The backside protective sheet has thickness of 10-1000 mu m. Preferred Composition: The resin layer (A) further contains white-coloring agent and infrared-permeability coloring agent. The backside protective sheet further comprises resin layer (B) which is bonded to resin layer (A). Preferred Component: The silicon-containing thermoplastic resin is graft polymer resin which is obtained by polymerizing monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of silicon-containing rubber. The resin layer (B) is white resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The contact body is made of elastic material, particularly rubber, and a plug adapter is made of high strength plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-oxide particles are tin-containing indium oxide particles, and have average particle diameter of 1-100 nm. The content of tin in the tin-containing indium oxide particles is 5-20 %mass with respect to tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate monomer is chosen from 1,9-nonanediol-di(meth)acrylate and 1,10-decanediol-di(meth)acrylate. Preferred Process: The metal oxide-containing film is formed by coating the dispersing liquid on a substrate and baking. Preferred Property: The metal oxide-containing film has volume resistance value of 1x 10-2 to 5x 10-1 ohm.cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The aluminum powders comprise microsized aluminum powders of 1-20 mu m and aluminum nanoparticles having sizes of 30-500 nm. The inorganic oxide nanopowders have sizes of 30-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vehicle is 2-buntoxyethy1 acetate, ethyl cellulose, or terpineol. The vehicle is a solvent consisting of 2-butoxyethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol, and 2-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inorganic polymer is silicon-containing inorganic polymer including polyphenylsilsesquioxane and poly(hydromethylsiloxane). Preferred Composition: The composition comprises additives including inorganic oxide nanopowders. EXAMPLE - Aluminum ink was prepared from aluminum powder (7 g of 3 mu m aluminum micro powder), ethyl cellulose (1 g), terpineol (4 g), and polyphenylsilsesquioxane solution (1 g). The ink may be mixed in glass beaker and passed 10 times through three-roll mill machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the solar energy marsh gas generator with two gas storage chambers, the solar energy collector is made of the benzene board set in the hollow cuboid box, the aluminum plastic board, the solar energy connecting plate, the mental light absorbing board and the connecting poles on the two sides of the box; the back end of the connecting pole is jointed with the shell, and the front and the back ends of the box are open, with the solar energy collecting plate on the front end; the mental absorbing board, the benzene broad, the aluminum plastic board are set on the back of the solar energy collecting plate in order. There are concave pit on the surface of the mental light absorbing board, and the open of the concave pit is heading to the solar energy collecting plate. There is space between the board light absorbing board and the benzene board; the benzene board and the aluminum plastic board is connected tightly, and there are hot air outlet and cold air outlet on the upper and lower parts of the two.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (A) contains: at least one 1-18C-alkyl(meth)acrylate-homopolymer or -copolymer; at least one copolymer, which comprises 80-99 wt.% of methylmethacrylate-units and 1-20 wt.% of 1-10C-alkylacrylate-units; and at least one sterically hindered amine; at least one silane coupling agent. (A) has: a transmission of 80-89% at 500 nm; a transmission of 75-80% at 1000 nm; and a transmission of 55-70% at 1150 nm. Preferred Components: The copolymer comprises methylacrylate- and/or ethylacrylate-units. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A fastening element is inserted into a recess of the longitudinal and transverse beams, where the fastening element is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-2.5 parts mass.The film further includes crosslinking adjuvant whose content with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-5 parts mass. The sealing film is further arranged between electricity generating element and surface side transparent protection component in solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The field effect transistor device comprises a dielectric material selected from organic dielectric material, an inorganic dielectric material, or a hybrid organic/inorganic dielectric material. The field effect transistor has a structure selected from top-gate bottom-contact structure, bottom-gate top-contact structure, top-gate top-contact structure, and bottom-gate bottom-contact structure. The photovoltaic device comprises a p-type semiconducting material adjacent to the polymer (I). Preferred Method: The method of making the article involves depositing the composition by printing, spin coating, drop-casting, zone casting, dip coating, blade coating, or spraying onto a substrate (where the printing is selected from gravure printing, inkjet printing, and flexo printing).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid medium comprises water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid medium comprises an organic solvent. The additives are selected from viscosity modulators, detergents, dispersants, binding agents, compatiblizing agents, curing agents, initiators, humectants, antifoaming agents, wetting agents, pH modifiers, biocides, and bacteriostats.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Preparation of (I) involves copolymerization of dibromo compound of formula Br-M1-Br with dimagnesium compound of formula XMg-M2-MgX in presence of catalyst to give (I) (X is not defined). Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises at least one additive. Preferred Definitions:    R1=L-3-14C cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with mono to tetra 1-6C alkyl), n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl or 2-octyldodecyl;and    n=4-1000.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template is made of a material consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic polymer film contains ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, PVC, polymethylmethacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polystyrene, nitrocellulose, acetyl cellulose, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl acetal, polyetherketone and/or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate consists of nickel-plated steel plate. The auxiliary material contains carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is water-insoluble binder containing modified polymer obtained by modifying low unsaturated polymer with mixture of hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl-containing monomer, glycidyl-containing monomer, alkoxysilane group-containing monomer and/or chlorine-containing monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The donor of the donor-acceptor heterojunction comprises copper phthalocyanine. The transparent electrode comprises material selected from transparent oxides and metal or metal substitutes. The transparent electrode comprises material selected from tin oxide, gallium indium tin oxide, and zinc indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The donor of the organic donor-acceptor comprises a material selected from phthalocyanines, porphyrins, subphthalocyanines, and their derivatives or transition metal complexes. The acceptor of the organic donor-acceptor heterojunction comprises 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole. The exciton blocking layer comprises material selected from N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-alpha-naphthylbenzidine, aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline), carbazole biphenyl, bathocuproine, and tris(acetylacetonato) ruthenium (III).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The acceptor of the organic donor-acceptor heterojunction comprises a material selected from polymeric and non-polymeric perylenes, polymeric and non-polymeric naphthalenes, and polymeric and non-polymeric fullerenes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate and/or the encapsulation element are glass elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflective layer comprises silicon as a bonding material. The reflective layer comprises white pigments and/or white dye, particularly titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflective layer comprises bonding material and pigments and/or dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reflective layer comprises polyvinyl butyral as a bonding material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sol-gel-layer is based on silicon, titanium, zirconium and/or aluminum. The semiconducting nanoparticles consist of cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide and/or lead selenide. The ligands are amines, carboxylates, phosphines, phosphine oxides, thioles, mercaptocarboxylic acid, thioalcohols and/or aminoalcohols.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorescent dye consists of perylene diimide, perylene, rhodamine, xanthene, coumarin, pyrromethene, stilbene, oxazole and/or styrylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent polymer is polyacrylates and its copolymer with polystyrene, polycarbonates, silicon and cellulose ester. The substrate consists of glass or transparent polymer such as polymethacrylates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The battery material further includes photosensitive unit chosen from micromolecular dye, aromatic ketone, porphyrin and dihydro porphyrin. The battery material containing bithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit and diisocyanate phenol ester as connection unit/self assembly unit is of formula (I). The battery material containing bithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, biphenyl as connection unit and hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (II). The battery material containing bithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, benzene ring as connection unit and hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (III). The battery material containing bithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, biphenyl as connection unit and hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (IV). The battery material containing bithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, styrene as photosensitive unit/connection unit, and hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (V). The battery material containing thiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, styrene as photosensitive unit and pyridine triketone, amino or hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (VI). The battery material containing styrene as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit and hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit is of formula (VII), or dithiofuran as donor unit, perylene as receptor unit, hydroxyl pyridine as self-assembly unit and benzene ring or polystyrene as connection unit is of formula (VIII).R=1-8C alkyl;R1,R2=H, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy;R'=1-15C alkyl;n=1-5;A=thiophene group of formula (i);andB'=diisoquinoline group of formula (ii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semi-conductor quantum dot is cadmium-selenium-cadmium/zinc sulfide alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell module further comprises a photovoltaic element (101). (I) is present in at least one transparent disc (103).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molding component contains at least one 1-18C-alkyl(meth)acrylate-homopolymer or -copolymer. The molding component contains at least one copolymer, which contains 80-99 wt.% of methylmethacrylate-units and 1-20 wt.% 1-10C-alkylacrylate-units. The copolymer comprises methylacrylate- and/or ethylacrylate-units. (I) is a substituted phenyl compound of formula (II). The molding component is a light concentrator or a collecting lens. The collecting lens comprises a convex area. The lens has a plano-convex structure. The lens is a Fresnel lens.R1a = ethyl, n-dodecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl or phenyl. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell module further comprises a photovoltaic element (101). (I) is present in at least one transparent disc (103).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molding compound contains at least one 1-18C-alkyl(meth)acrylate-homopolymer or -copolymer. The molding compound contains at least one copolymer, which comprises 80-99 wt.% of methylmethacrylate-units and 1-20 wt.% 1-10C-alkylacrylate-units. The copolymer comprises methylacrylate- and/or ethylacrylate-units. (I) is N-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)-N'-(2-ethyl-phenyl)-oxalamide. The molding component is a light concentrator or a collecting lens. The collecting lens comprises a convex area. The lens has a plano-convex structure. The lens is a Fresnel lens. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molding compound further comprises: at least one sterically hindered amine; and at least one silane coupling agent. Preferred Components: The molding compound contains at least one 1-18C-alkyl(meth)acrylate-homopolymer or -copolymer. The molding compound contains at least one copolymer, which comprises 80-99 wt.% of methylmethacrylate-units and 1-20 wt.% 1-10C-alkylacrylate-units. The copolymer comprises methylacrylate- and/or ethylacrylate-units. (I) is N-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)-N'-(2-ethyl-phenyl)-oxalamide. The molding compound exhibits: a transmission of 80-89% at 500 nm; a transmission of 75-80% at 1000 nm; and a transmission of 55-70% at 1150 nm. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The low-friction sliding layer is formed form plastic i.e. proportion of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of the quinoxaline skeleton and oligothiophene skeleton covalent-bond is 1:1-1:2. One oligothiopene skeleton contains 3-12 thiophene ring The quinoxaline compound is of formula (1). The electron-accepting organic material is a fullerene compound.R1-R20=H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or halo;A=bivalent hetero arylene group or 6-membered ring structure;m=0-1; andn=1-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw-coal material fiber is pitch-based carbon fiber, vapor growth carbon fiber and/or polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber. Preferred Properties: The expanded carbon fiber has diameter of 5 nm to 1 mu m, and length of 10 nm to 2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of carboxyl group is preferably 6-83% with respect to total content of acidic functional group. Preferred Process: The carboxyl group is formed in the surface of expanded carbon fiber using acid, ozone and/or peroxide as reagent. The surface oxidation treatment is electrochemical oxidation treatment, chemical oxidation treatment and/or ozone oxidation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A phenazasiline compound of formula (II) is polymerized in presence of nickel catalyst, or phenazasiline compound of formula (III) is polymerized in presence of palladium catalyst, to obtain high molecular compound.X1=halo;andX2=boronic acid group, boronate group or trialkyl stannyl group.Preferred Compounds: The high molecular compound is dissolved in organic solvent, in organic-semiconductor material. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=linear or branched optionally substituted 1-6C monovalent alkyl or optionally substituted 3-8C cyclic alkyl, preferably aryl;and    R3=optionally substituted 2C or more monovalent alkyl.    EXAMPLE - Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (in g) (2.19), 1,5-cyclooctadiene (1 ml) and 2,2'-bipyridyl (1.25) were reacted in toluene, in presence of nitrogen, heated at 60 degrees C, stirred for 1 hour, mixed with 2,8-dibromo-5,10-dihydro-10,10-di-n-hexyl-5-methyl-phenazasiline (3), stirred for 14 hours at 60 degrees C, and mixed with bromobenzene. The obtained reaction product was filtered, evaporated, mixed with methanol, and obtained precipitate was filtered, to obtain white solid (28). The obtained white solid was washed using 2M hydrochloric acid (200 ml) and hexane (200 ml) under reduced pressure, to obtain poly(5,10-dihydro-10,10-di-n-hexyl-5-methyl-phenazasiline) (1.83) which had glass transition temperature of 130.1 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The compound (A) has maximum absorption wavelength of 300-450 nm and light emission at wavelength of 350-600 nm. Preferred Composition: The resin layer further contains an ultraviolet absorber and/or an optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The electronic block layer consists of amorphous nickel oxide. The surface of electrode (12) comprises conductive fiber and transparent conductive material. The conductive fiber is chosen from metal nanowire and carbon nanotube. The transparent conductive material is chosen from conductive polymer and electroconductive metal oxide fine particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The deposition thin film layer is single layer film or laminated film of metal thin film, metal oxide thin film and inorganic oxide thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface sealing material further contains resin layer containing polyester-type resin between base material and adhesive layer, deposition thin film layer laminated on resin layer, anchor coat layer provided between resin layer and deposition thin film layer and gas barrier layer provided between deposition thin film layer and adhesive layer. The gas barrier layer contains hydrolyzate of water soluble polymer, metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate and silicon alkoxide or its hydrolyzate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide semiconductor electrode comprises titanium oxide and/or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The to-be-transferred substrate is a resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphite compound is 0.01-5 parts mass (preferably, 0.05-1 part mass) and silane coupling agent is 0.05-1 part mass, with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The atomic ratio of silicon and phosphorus atom (Si/P) with respect to silicon atom is 0.1-41, preferably 0.1-36, where the silane coupling agent is bonded with alkoxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphite compound is triisodecyl phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Alloy: The copper alloy contains silver, tin, zinc, zirconium, oxygen and nitrogen. The copper or copper alloy has thickness of 7-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material used for accumulator is high tensile steel or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The pitch has an average molecular weight of 700-5000 g/mol and a tetrahydrofuran solubility of 95% or more. The carbon nanofiber has a diameter of 1 mu m or less, and consists of ultra-micropores having a diameter of 0.7 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent used for preparing spinning solution is tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, pyridine, and/or quinoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base film consists of polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The additive is applied to a cathode solution and a cathode zinc gel to prepare an alkaline zinc battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode solution comprises (in mass%) potassium hydroxide (41.5-42.5), purified water (52-52.5) and zinc oxide (5.5-6). The cathode zinc gel comprises (in mass%) mercury-free zinc powder (95-97), carboxymethocel (2-4), expanding agent (0.5-1) and zinc oxide (0.2-0.8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 400 and/or polyethylene glycol 900. The expanding agent is chosen from sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: In the organic rectorite modified composite gel type electrolyte, the concentration of the LiClO4 solution of propene carbonate is 1 mol/kg. The organic rectorite clay is the long-chain quaternary ammonium modified organic rectorite clay of 12-18C. It comprises: (a) synthesizing the polymer matrix: adding 15g-80g of acrylonitrile, 50mL-140mL of acetone solvent and 0.1642g-0.8210g of initiator azobisisobutyronitrile in the container and blending under the nitrogen protection condition, rising the temperature to 50-65 degrees C and having the reaction for 10-30 minutes; continuously heating to 65-80 degrees C and gradually adding 30g-35g of methyl methacrylate, having the reaction for 6-8 hours at the temperature; using acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide for dissolving the reaction product; using 50% of methanol solution for depositing; cleaning for three times and drying to the constant-weight in the vacuum baking oven at 90-130 degrees C to obtain the yellow solid polymer matrix; the mol ratio between the methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile is 1:1 to 1:5; (b) dissolving the LiClO4 in the propene carbonate for preparing the LiClO4 organic solution; and (c) dissolving the prepared polymer matrix in the acetone for forming the solution, adding the solution with the modified organic rectorite in the LiClO4 solution prepared in step (b); blending at room temperature and using the solution casting method for forming the film, then the gel type P(MMA-AN)/organic rectorite electrolyte can be obtained while the acetone volatilizes absolutely.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex additive comprises (in weight%) tartaric acid (35-40), pentaerythritol (35-40), silicone oil (4-6) and bismuth trioxide (15-25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nanowire has diameter of 5-10 nm and length of 0.1-1 mu m. The nanowire does not have clear peak in D and G band, when measured using Raman spectrum. Preferred Process: The heat-processing is performed at 150-300 degrees C. The nanowire is immersed in a solvent and partially dissolved copper component are removed, after heat processing. The copper chloride is dissolved in ammonia aqueous solution and than contacted with acetylene gas by gaseous conditions with concentration of 5 volume% or less by the solution interface of the raw material. Preferred Component: The solvent contains ammonia, nitric acid and/or carbon tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high heat conductive medium is made of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) super conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The temperature detection unit includes high heat conductive medium that is selected from copper, silver, aluminum, gold and iron. The heat unit is the heat generating chip that is made of alloy of wolfram, molybdenum, nickel and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat-stored material of solar chimney is made of sodium sulfate decahydrate or calcium chloride hexahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The condenser is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper or titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation material is made of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foaming plastic, polystyrene and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The friction surface area is made of fiber-reinforced plastic, fiber-reinforced carbon, fiber-reinforced ceramics and ceramic fiber reinforced ceramics. The sub-structure area is made of multi-layer coatings of monolithic ceramic or metal. The ceramics are selected from the group, silicide, boride or oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Battery Module: The side portions of the package is disposed a cooling duct for enabling air to flow through the package via the opening portions. On at least one of the side portions of the package is disposed a cover plate (1115) covering the opening to form the package as an enclosed structure, and on an inner side of the cover plate facing to the module is disposed a heat transfer member (1113) shaped to fit to the side walls of the battery cells (1111) and thermally in contact with the battery cells. A thermally conductive elastomer (1116) is disposed between the heat transfer member (1113) and the side walls of the battery cells. The heat transfer member has a centrum in its interior and a heat pipe embedded in it. The heat transfer members disposed on both sides of the battery cells are mutually in close contact with a circumference of the rows of battery cells. A radiating fin (1114) is disposed on the cover plate at the side opposite to the side in contact with the battery cells. A refrigerant channel connected to an external cooling source is disposed to the heat transfer member. The battery cells are integrated as a battery cell group disposed on a single stage or on multiple stages, and the battery cell group constitutes a group configuration composed of a single group or of multiple groups arranged laterally. Preferred Battery Box: The battery modules are held between two side panels within a box (1100), where the battery modules are each arranged so that the radiating fins are positioned to extend in a direction corresponding to a direction of flow of cooling air flowing from an intake side of the battery box toward an outlet side; and intake (1150a) and outlet ports (1150b) are formed to the two side panels to communicate with draft portions formed between the radiating fins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic material is selected from polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive foil comprises copper, aluminum, and/or tin; and further comprises layer of tin, lead, and/or cadmium, disposed upon foil. The conductive particles comprise silver-coated glass spheres.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pressure sensitive adhesive comprises reaction product of acrylic monomers selected from alkyl (meth)acrylates, and/or (meth)acrylic acid (preferably reaction product of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and/or isooctyl acrylate; and acrylic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A separation region configured for heat transfer is provided between the electrochemical cells. The separation region is formed using diamond, poly-diamond, alumina, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, or silicon carbide. The electrochemistries are chosen from lithium, lithium-ion, lithium-metal-polymer, lithium-air, lead-acid, nickel metal hydrate, nickel-zinc, zinc-air, molten salts (sodium-zinc-nickel chloride), sodium aluminum chloride, nickel-cadmium, and silver-zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the organic peroxide with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-2.5 parts mass. Preferred Compound: The epoxidized fatty-acid ester compound is of formula (I).R1,R3=linear or branched alkyl;andR2=linear or branched alkylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of inorganic glass is 100 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy-terminal coupling agent is 10-50 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic resin (1). The hydroxyl group is phenolic hydroxyl group. The epoxy-terminal coupling agent further contains annular portion of cyclic ether compound and/or ring-opened cyclic ether compound. The content of annular portion of cyclic ether compound and/or ring-opened cyclic ether compound is 5-50 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic resin (1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin layer contains thermoplastic resin layers (11 and 11'). The thermoplastic resin layer (11) is obtained by coating glass with casting solution (1) containing thermoplastic resin (1). The thermoplastic resin layer (11') is obtained by coating glass with casting solution (2) containing thermoplastic resin (2). The thermoplastic resin (1) is chosen from polyimide, polyamidoimide, polyether sulfone, polyether imide, polysulfane, polyallylate/polyarylate and polycarbonate. Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic resin (1) has glass transition temperature of 150-350 degrees C, elastic modulus of 1 GPa or more at 25 degrees C, fracture-toughness of 1-10 MPax m1/2 at 25 degrees C and weight average molecular weight of 2x 104-150x 104 based on polyethylene oxide conversion. The thermoplastic resin (2) has glass transition temperature of 150-350 degrees C, elastic modulus of 1.5-10 GPa at 25 degrees C and fracture-toughness of 1.5-10 MPax m1/2 at 25 degrees C. The thickness of thermoplastic resin layer (1) is 20 mu m or less. The transparent substrate has total thickness of 150 mu m or less and fracture diameter of 50 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat storage agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate decahydrate, polyethylene glycol, sodium-acetate trihydrate and paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The encapsulant layer is made of silicone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective surface portions are formed of silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive connecting units are made up of metal e.g. copper and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of plastic e.g. polyethylene terephthalate and plexiglass (RTM: light transparent weather resistant thermoplastic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is butyl carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, abies oil and/or terpineol. The thinner is butyl carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, abies oil, terpineol, castor oil and/or cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper or lower adhesive layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral material. The flexible translucent layer is a tedlar-polyeaster-tedlar or polyethylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made from one of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and Polyethylene Naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The application amount of adhesive agent is 1-20 g/m2. The average diameter of adhesion fiber is greater than or equal to 5 in 10-1000 mu m. Preferred Components: The nonwoven fabric (A) and nonwoven fabric (B) are made from polypropylene by melt blowing process. The nonwoven fabric (B) is made from polyester or continuous filament nonwoven fabric made from polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The band gap is controlled by temperature and/or duration of heat processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The benzonitrile compound (2) as structural component can be of formulae (3) or (5). The hydrophobic polymer (1) can be of formula (4).o,p,q= greater than or equal to 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyarylene ether type polymer and hydrophobic polymer is 90/10-10/90.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The negative electrode material is adhered with ceramic does not reacting with lithium. The ceramic is chosen from alumina, silica, titania, silicon carbide and silicon nitride. The adhesion amount of ceramic with respect to silicon is 2-50 wt.%. The negative electrode material containing silicon atom is coated with metal. The metal is chosen from nickel, copper, silver, cobalt, iron, chromium, tungsten, titanium, gold, platinum, palladium, tin and zinc. The amount of metal is 1-80 wt.% with respect to silicon. The positive electrode active material is compound having compositional formula: LiyMO2, where M is cobalt, nickel, iron and/or manganese, and y is 0-1.2, or compound having spinel structure of formula: LizMn2O4, where z is 0-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The negative electrode material is coated with thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Layer: The polymer-protected electrochemical catalyst layer comprises noble metal chosen from palladium, platinum, ruthenium, silver and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The catalyst layer comprises polymer chosen from poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly(acrylamide), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylic acid), and poly(ethyleneimine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye is cis-di(thiocyano)-di(4,4-dicarboxylic acid-2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium or its derivative N719 dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is non-ionic surface active agent Triton X-100 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol tert octylphenyl ether).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (3) contains 0.5-10 %mass of inorganic filler in order to prevent ultraviolet radiation. The inorganic filler has average grain diameter of 0.01-1 mu m and is chosen from alumina, aluminum sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide and white titanium dioxide, preferably white titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layers (1-3) further contain additive chosen from antistatic agent, slipping agent, light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber and/or antioxidant. The antioxidant is hindered phenol, para-aromatic amine, hindered amine or trivalent phosphorus compound chosen from triphenylphosphate and trialkyl phosphate. The ultraviolet absorber is benzotriazole or cresyl triazine type ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The olefin polymer is polyethylene homopolymer, polypropylene homopolymer and/or ethylene-propylene copolymer. The layer (2) contains ethylene vinyl acetate. The composite film has thickness of 50-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Photovoltaic Perimeter Assembly: The photovoltaic perimeter assembly is installed on a rooftop and the flexible wind deflector is located between the bottom portion of the curb and the roofs surface. The flexible wind deflector comes fixedly pre-attached to the back portion of the curb. The curb includes a ballast configured to stabilize the curb on the roof. The flexible membrane comprises neoprene or other rubber-like material. A top portion of the curb slopes downward from an edge of the back portion of the curb. The frame is not fixedly attached to the roof as installed for normal operation. The photovoltaic perimeter assembly for framing a photovoltaic module comprises a flexible membrane under the frame and configured to deflect wind under the frame, where the flexible membrane is folded from under the frame onto a back portion of the frame that faces photovoltaic modules surrounded by the frame. The flexible membrane comes fixedly pre-attached to the frame. The frame surrounds the photovoltaic modules with curbs positioned along a perimeter of the photovoltaic modules. The frame is not fixedly attached to a roof on which the photovoltaic perimeter assembly is installed and the photovoltaic perimeter assembly includes ballasts configured to stabilize the photovoltaic perimeter assembly on the roof. Preferred Photovoltaic Array: The flexible membrane is loosely attached to the photovoltaic module so that the flexible membrane drapes over contours of a roof to fill in gaps between the curb and the roofs surface. The photovoltaic module is not fixedly attached to the roof as installed for normal operation. The flexible membrane comprises water drainage holes configured to allow water to drain out of the photovoltaic perimeter assembly. The photovoltaic perimeter assembly includes curbs configured to surround a perimeter of the photovoltaic modules. The flexible membrane comes fixedly pre-attached to a curb in the curbs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor is selected from a group consisting of ammonium nitrite, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydroxide or ammonium chloride, alkali metal salts of nitrous acid, nitrous oxide in an organic or aqueous solvent, preferably water or their mixtures. The precursor is selected from a group consisting of water, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and perdisulfuric acid in diluted form, buffered hydrofluoric acid with oxidizing agents or their mixtures. The substrate is selected from a group consisting of silicon, glass, ceramics or their silicon containing composites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor is selected from a group consisting of peracetic acid, formic acid, trichloroacetic acid, formic acid, glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol solution is methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol solution. The dialkoxysilane is N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyl-dimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionomer composition contains dialkoxysilanes (3 %mass or less with respect to 100 parts mass of zinc ionomer) having amino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic compound is silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The base material is a polyester base material with number average molecular weight of 18000-40000, cyclic oligomer content of less than or equal to 1.5 mass% and hydrolysis resistance more than 5x 10-5 m3/g. Preferred Component: The (meth)acryl resin has an alkoxy silyl group and a (meth)acryl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid electrolyte is sulfide group solid electrolyte. The polymer mixture further contains alkali metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Diene polymer obtained using conjugated diene monomer by radical polymerization method or ion polymerization method, and polar compound having polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or their copolymer in principal chain are reacted to obtain polarization diene polymer. Preferred Polymer: The polarization diene polymer has number average molecular weight of 500-100000 measured by gel permeation chromatography and viscosity of 50-1000000 mPa.second at 25 degrees C. The polymer mixture further contains diene polymer of formula: R6-(OCHR2-CHR3)p-Z-D'-Y', polar compound of formula: R6-(OCHR2-CHR3)q-Z-H, and polarization diene intermediate of formula: Y1-D'-Y2. The unreacted raw material content of polymer mixture is 70 wt.% or less.R6=1-20C organic group;Y',Y1,Y2=carboxy or hydroxy;andp,q=2-100000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membrane electrode assembly contains hydrocarbon-type binder in an electrode. The hydrocarbon-type binder contains alkylene group-containing structural unit of formula (I). The hydrocarbon-type binder contains a copolymer having hydrophobic portion containing sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, or carboxyl group, and does not having hydrophilic portion containing sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, or carboxyl group. The copolymerization component of hydrocarbon-type binder is sulfonic acid group-containing compound of formula (II).A=5-20C alkylene;B',C',D',E=H or fluoro;x=mol%;andT=group of formula (IIa).Preferred Process: The electrode is formed on the hydrocarbon-type electrolytic membrane using spray-coating method, GDE method or transfer method. The electrode is directly formed on the hydrocarbon-type electrolytic membrane by carrying out spraying coating of catalyst slurry obtained by dissolving or dispersing noble metal catalyst and electrolytic binder in solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The green sheet has a thickness of 1-100 mu m and a specific gravity of 1.1-2.4. The laminate has a thickness of 10-1000 mu m. Preferred Component: The inorganic-compound powder contains glass, lithium-ion-conductive glass-ceramics, or lithium-ion-conductive ceramics. The glass comprises (in mol% on oxide basis) lithium oxide (10-25), alumina and/or gallium oxide (0-15), titania and/or germanium oxide (25-50), silica (0-15), and phosphorus pentoxide (26-40). The inorganic-compound powder contains crystals of complex oxide of formula: Li1+x+zMx(Ge1-yTiy)2-xSizP3-zO12, where x is 0-0.8, y is 0-1, z is 0-0.6, and m is aluminum or gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier transparent vapor deposition film contains silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The barrier layer is a layer formed by laminating an anchor-coat layer and a deposited thin film layer of inorganic oxide on the polyester resin layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Layer: An aluminum foil is provided as barrier layer at the side of weather-resistant material touching the polyethylene film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The weather-resistant material is a fluororesin film. The anchor-coat layer contains a mixture of composite of acrylic polyol and/or polyester polyol, and isocyanate compound. The barrier layer consists of a gas-barrier film layer containing water-soluble polymer, metal alkoxide, and/or its hydrolyzate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive application layer contains 0.1-30 %mass of rutile-type titanium dioxide having average particle diameter of 0.1-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive application layer contains polyacrylic resin as main resin component. The solar cell back sheet further contains gas barrier transparent vapor deposition film between weather-resistance base film and adhesive application layer. Preferred Properties: The weather-resistance base film contains polyester having number average molecular weight of 18000-40000, oligomer content of 1.5 %mass or less and intrinsic viscosity of more than 5x 10-5 m3/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide powder is anatase nanometer titanium dioxide with average grain size of 25 nm. The water is deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is acetylacetone. The acid is acetic acid or nitric acid. The additive is terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is Triton OP-10 (RTM: not defined). The pore-forming material is polyethylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol. The powder glazing agent is in the type of YB-509. The cellulose is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises cobalt, boron and oxygen, and is cobalt borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomolecule comprises DNA molecules, RNA molecules, synthetic oligonucleotides, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, receptors, polysaccharides or viruses.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linker precursor comprises a substituted or unsubstituted alkene and alkyne. The first functional group is vinyl group and ethynyl group. The linker precursor comprises 1-dodecene, t-butyloxycarbonyl protected 10-aminodec-1-ene or trifluoroacetic acid protected 10-aminodec-1-ene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric coating comprises fluoropolymer which includes polyvinylidene homopolymer or copolymer containing at least 50 mole% of vinylidene fluoride monomer units. The fluoropolymer is an acrylic-modified fluoropolymer. The nano-structured particles are cross-linked. The substrate is an acrylic polymer, and the acrylic substrate comprises at least 50 weight% of methyl methacrylate monomer units. Preferred Properties: The nano-structured particles have an average particle size of less than 250 nm, preferably 80-200 nm. The nano-structured particles have particle size distribution, such that 90 weight% of particles fall within plus minus 30 weight% or plus minus 20 weight% of average particle size. The nano-structured particles are in the form of a packed hexagonal or pseudo-hexagonal structure. The thickness of dry coating is less than 3 microns, preferably 0.5-2 microns. The haze level of coating is 2% or less, preferably 1% or less. The light transmittance at wavelength of 550 nm is more than 93%, preferably 94%. The light transmittance at wavelength or 550 nm is improved by at least 1.5% compared to un-coated substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The compound (A) includes aromatic ring structures (I and II), and has maximum absorption wavelength of 300-450 nm and light emission wavelength of 350-600 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer further contains ultraviolet absorber and/or optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive substrate is transparent glass substrate containing indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The formed sol comprises zinc acetate (0.3-0.8 mol/l). The monoethanol amine and the zinc acetate are at a ratio of 1:1. The coating mixture comprises nano-titanium dioxide (18-36%), and ethyl cellulose and terpineol (64-82). The ethyl cellulose and the terpineol are at mass ratio of 1:9-1:15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The cadmium telluride thin-film solar battery is manufactured by adopting ultra-low-toxicity compound cadmium as cadmium source, where sulfur or sulfide is used as sulfur source and tellurium or telluride as tellurium source. A chemical reaction is performed according to the cadmium source and sulfur or tellurium source to prepare cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride grains with equal grain diameter. The obtained product is purified, which is mixed with a low boiling point solvent containing polyvinylidene fluoride to prepare a colloid solution. The cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride are coated on the substrate with transparent conductive layer. A rich tellurium layer is also deposited on the coated substrate, where back contact layer and back electrode are deposited through vacuum membrane plating process to manufacture the solar battery. The sulfur source adopting process is accomplished by using long-chain organic acids or organic amine through high-temperature pyrogenation process, where the long-chain organic acids or organic amine is selected from oleic acid, oleyl amine, stearic acid, octadecylamine, hexadecylamine, hexadecanoic acid or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic dopant is selected from oxide, orthophosphate or condensed phosphate, polyacid, polyacid salt or its hydrate, silicate, sulfate, selenite and arsenide, preferably oxide, orthophosphate or condensed phosphate polyacid or polyacid salt, preferably silica, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, boron phosphate, zirconium phosphate, zirconium hydrogen phosphate, zirconium hydrogen phosphate or titanium hydrogenphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microporous film is organic microporous film or inorganic microporous film, preferably polymer film, ultrathin ceramic film or ultrathin molecular sieve film, fluorocarbon polymer film, ultrathin silica film, titanium dioxide film, zirconium oxide film or porous glass film. The solvent is one or mixture of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethylphosphoramideacetone, water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl carbinol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propanetriol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by (A) adding condensed ring thiofuran monomer (Ia) substituted by dibromine and having R, R1, and R2 substituent groups and diazosulfide monomer (Ib) substituted by diborate whose molar weight are equal, in a reactor; charging inert gas to protect; adding toluene solvent and potassium carbonate aqueous solution in the reactor, where molar ratio of potassium carbonate to (Ia) or (Ib) is 20:1; after discharging air in the reactor, adding catalyzing amount of tetrakis-triphenyl phosphine palladium catalyst; agitating and reacting at 100-120 degrees C; and obtaining (I); or (B) adding condensed-ring thiofuran monomer (Ic) substituted by organic bis-tin and having R1 and R2 substituent groups and condensed ring thiofuran monomer (Id) substituted by dibromine and having R substituent group, whose molar weights are equal, in the reactor; charging inert gas to protect; adding toluene solvent in the reactor; after discharging air in the reactor, adding catalyzing amount of tetrakis-triphenyl phosphine palladium catalyst; agitating and reacting at 100-120 degrees C; and obtaining (I). The molar ratio of (Ia) to (Ib) is 1:15-1:20. The molar ratio of tetrakis-triphenyl phosphine palladium to (Ic) and (Id) is 1:15-1:20. Compound (Ia) is at 0.5-1 mmol/L. Compound (Ib) is at 0.2-1 mmol. Compound (Ic) is at 0.2-1 mmol. Compound (Id) is at 0.2-1 mmol/L. Preferred Definitions:    R=n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, or preferably n-dodecyl;    m=2, 3, 6, preferably 1, or 0;    R1=n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, or preferably H;    R2=H, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, or preferably there is no substituent group at R2 position;    X=C, Si, or preferably S;and    n=5-2000, preferably 5-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Module: The entire module is formed into a plate-like shape by filling hollows between the projecting portions of the multiple projecting portions with a transparent resin. Preferred Process: Manufacturing the light transmissible solar cell module further comprises forming the entire module in a plate-like shape by filling hollows between the projecting portions of the multiple projecting portions with a transparent resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The mixed material is held statically for 5-30 hours at 15-40 degrees C during aging process. The thickness of composite porous film coated on positive and negative pole plates is 8-30 microns. The battery core is initially pre-charged. Then, the battery core is heated and baked to form gel, and grading of capacity is carried out. The battery core is initially pre-charged. Grading of capacity is carried out and the battery core is then heated and baked to form gel. A pressure of 0.01-0.23 MPa is further applied to interior of battery core during heating and baking process of battery core. The battery core is heated at 60-140 degrees C for 0.5-7 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of PVDF-HFP to organic solvent is 2-25:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell is doped with polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is biaxially oriented polyester film, fluoropolymer film, fluoropolymerpolyester-fluoropolymer film, glass, metal, ceramic or polymer that is polycarbonate, acrylic, polyacrylate, cyclic polyolefin and/or metallocene-catalyzed polystyrene. INDUSTRIAL STRANDARDS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin comprises ethylene and 5-50 wt.% of an alpha -olefin based on the total weight of the parent polyolefin copolymer and having 3-20 carbons having a density of less than 0.92 g/cc according to ASTM D-792.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The aqueous solution has pH value of 6.5 or less. The polyacrylic acid has weight average molecular weight of 2000-10000. Preferred Compound: The salt of polyacrylic acid is ammonium polyacrylate. Preferred Composition: The acidic component (0.01-30 %mass) is chosen from acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The concentration of polyacrylic acid or its salt is 0.1-3 %mass. The alkaline aqueous solution contains sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ammonia, monoethanolamine and methyl ethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Portion: The fluorescent portion is introduced into principal chain or side chain of polymer or oligomer. The fluorescent portion is anthracene or its derivative(s), coumarin or its derivative(s), fluorescein or its derivative(s), rhodamine, eosin, perylene or its derivative(s), fluorene or its derivative(s), or stilbene or its derivative(s). Preferred Solvent: The solvent is organic solvent chosen from propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl lactate, cyclohexanone, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, acetylacetone, toluene and N,N-dimethylformamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer or oligomer is acrylic resin, methacryl resin, novolak resin, aminoplast polymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyfluorene, polyfluorene derivative, polysiloxane, polysilane, or polycarbosilane. The polymer or oligomer has a crosslinking portion. The wavelength conversion membrane forming composition further contains a crosslinking agent, and antioxidant and/or a radical trapping agent. Wavelength conversion membrane formed using the composition converts wavelength of an ultraviolet light region into wavelength of visible region.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer comprises gold, silver, aluminum, nickel, copper, chromium, tin oxide or indium-tin oxide (ITO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cells are thin film solar cells consisting of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, copper indium/gallium diselenide, light absorbing dyes, and organic semiconductors based solar cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Each of the other sub-layers and other of the front and back encapsulant layers comprises a polymer consisting of acid copolymers, ionomers of acid copolymers, poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, polyvinylchlorides, polyethylenes, polyolefin block copolymer elastomers, copolymers of an alpha -olefin and an alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, silicone elastomers and/or epoxy resins. The polymeric sheets comprise a polymer consisting of polycarbonates, acrylics, polyacrylates, cyclic polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters and/or fluoropolymers. The polymeric films comprise a polymer consisting of polyesters, polycarbonate, polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, nylons, polyurethanes, acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellophane, poly(vinyl chlorides) and/or fluoropolymers. INDUSTRIAL STRANDARDS - Preferred Component: The first precursor acid copolymer has a melt flow rate of 150-400 g/10 min as determined in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg. The second precursor acid copolymer has a melt flow rate of less than 30 g/10 min as determined in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg. The sodium ionomer has a melt flow rate of 0.7-25 g/10 min, and a freeze enthalpy that is not detectable or that less than 3 j/g when is determined by differential scanning calorimetry in accordance with ASTM D3418.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin layer is formed by lamination of resin film. Preferred Property: The resin layer contains fiber having an average fiber diameter of 4-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cationic surfactant is quaternary ammonium salt. The battery positive electrode composition contains battery positive electrode active material particles consisting of lithium complex oxide sintered compact, electroconductive substance and binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lithium complex oxide sintered compact further contains resin particles, cationic surfactant and/or polyvinyl alcohol derivative. The polyvinyl alcohol derivative is obtained by introducing or substituting group of quaternary ammonium salt by polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer further contains a nanoparticle dispersion. The nanoparticle dispersion is obtained by dispersing atomized metal oxide-type material in the organic solvent. The metal oxide-type material is tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide or indium-doped zinc oxide. The intermediate layer material is chromium, tantalum, titanium, manganese, molybdenum or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer contains a conductive polymer which is complex of polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyethylene dioxythiophene or polyethylene sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell element is made of any one of the material such as silicon, gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, aluminum indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide nitride, germanium, copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic molding portion is made of silicone resin, epoxy resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The insulating material is alumina or boehmite. The negative electrode collector comprises copper alloy containing zirconium, chromium, tin, zinc, nickel, silicon and/or phosphorus. The element (E) is silicon and/or tin. The negative electrode active material contains silicon and oxygen. The atomic ratio of oxygen with respect to silicon is 0.5-1.5. The negative electrode active material layer contains carbon material as electroconductive material. The negative electrode active material contains complex of material containing silicon and oxygen, and carbon material. The complex surface is further coated with carbon material. The amount of electroconductive material in negative electrode active material layer is 5-50 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The negative electrode active material layer contains binder (B) chosen from polyimide, polyamidoimide and polyamide. The porous layer contains the binder (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hearing aid housing, the battery chamber housing and one of the engaging portions are made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar chip is a single-joint gallium arsenide germanium-based (GaAs/Ge) solar chip, multi-joint indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenide/germanium (InGaP/GaAs/Ge) solar chip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agents: The hydrolyzable crosslinking agent is N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, trimethylol propane tri(meth)acrylate or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The cross-linking agent (C), which is not hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions is trimethylol propane diallyl ether or pentaerythritol diallyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (1) contains titanium dioxide and barium sulfate as the inorganic particles. The content of titanium oxide with respect to the total weight of the inorganic particles is 10-25 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The layer (3) has thickness of 7-30 mu m. The layer (1) is thinner than the layer (3). The average relative reflectance of the polyester film in the wavelength of 400-700 nm is 90% or more. Preferred Composition: The layer (2) contains polymethyl pentene or cyclic olefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The detection element is made of acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) resin, nylon resin, polycarbonate (PC) and PC/ABS resin. The housing covering the fuel accommodating portion is provided with a window which is made from any one of polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, cyclic olefin copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, polymethyl pentene, and polyphenyl sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic element is chosen from gold, rhodium and palladium. The average particle diameter of the catalyst microparticles is 3-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The thermoplastic elastomer is obtained by polymerizing monomer component including 1-20 %mass of styrene-type elastomer or hydrogenated styrene-type elastomer. The modified polyolefin resin is resin in which unsaturated carboxylic derivative component derived from acid anhydride of unsaturated carboxylic acid and unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid is graft modified to polyolefin resin. Preferred Composition: The cladding material further contains corrosion-prevention process layer (14) containing polymer having unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative component and reactive functional group between aluminum foil layer and adhesive resin layer. Preferred Component: The polymer is cationic polymer. The cationic polymer is chosen from polymer having polyethylene imine, polyethylene imine and carboxylic acid polymer, primary amine grafted acrylic resin, polyallylamine or its derivative and primary amine grafted aminophenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The Gurley second which is a unit of gas permeance resistivity applies in the Gurley method based on JIS P8117-1998 standard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The porous layer includes carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water vapor permeation suppression layer is made of porous polyethylene membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyimide, polyamidoimide and/or polyamide has aromatic ring in molecular chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fuel supplied to the membrane electrode assembly is methanol aqueous solution, or pure methanol having methanol concentration of 80 wt.% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fuel distributor contains polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, cyclic olefin polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene sulfide, polyphenyl sulfide or copolymer. Preferred Property: The contact angle of surface of the fuel distributor with respect to fuel is 90 degrees or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode material contains composition including lithium-metal oxide complex of formula: LiMO2, LiM2O4, Li2MO3 and/or LiMB'O4, where M is transition metal and optionally contains non-transition metal, and B' is phosphorus or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The rubber-type material is styrene-butadiene rubber. The nonaqueous electrolyte is aprotic material, and has polyether structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The epitaxial thin film has hydrogen adsorption current and hydrogen desorption current peak value of 100-400 mV, preferably 100-200 mV (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) in hydrogen adsorption and desorption waveform (cycle number of 10 or more) by cyclic voltammetry method. The thin film exhibits peak originating in specific surface orientation, preferably (111) plane of platinum or platinum alloy in X-ray diffraction spectrum. The thin film is formed on substrate containing secondary element or its compound. The secondary element is chosen from IV-XII group metal of IV-VI period, carbon and silicon. The epitaxial thin film has (111) step surface and (111) flat surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The particles are coated with silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains a surfactant and polyamic acids other than polyamic acid (I). The coating layer has a refractive index of 1.7 or more at 633 nm and 25 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    R=tetravalent aliphatic or alicyclic group containing sulfur atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor is silicon or silicon compound. Preferred Condition: The heat-processing is performed under oxygen or mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The top cover and the bottom cover are made of iron sheet or other metal materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses fuel such as formic acid, hydrazine, sodium borohydride and organic hydride, which causes dehydration on palladium. The palladium thin film acts as storage container which supplies hydrogen when required by the fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The washers adhered to cathode flow path contains rubber. The adhesion bonded film contains polypropylene. The anode flow path board is chemical tolerant engineering-plastic board, plastic carbon board, fiberglass reinforced boards, epoxy resin board, glass fiber board, combination-type material board, ceramic substrate, polymeric plastic board and/or printed-circuit base material. The platen contains hard metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flatting agent is normal flatting agent which is wax-modified silicon dioxide. The pigment is high weather resistance compound such as rutile titanium pigment, carbon black pigment, phthalocyanine blue and fast yellow pigment. The drier is organic tin compound solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydroxy fluorocarbon resin is polyatomic alcohol containing fluorocarbon resin, which is polymerized by esters such as fluoro olefin, alkyl vinyl ether and hydroxy vinyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid thermoplastic acrylic resin is methyl methacrylate copolymer. The mixed organic solvent is a mixture of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, toluene, xylene, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, aliphatic oil or aromatic oil. The dispersant is polyacrylic ester polymer containing pigment group or polyurethane polymer solution. The flatting agent is fluorine-modified polyacrylic ester solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high-temperature adhesive polyester layer is coated by polyethylene glycol terephthalate thin film coating and flame-retardant epoxy rein adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide layer comprises titanium dioxide-containing nano structures. The titanium dioxide-containing nano structure comprises a titanium dioxide crystal and a compound formed on its surface. The titanium dioxide crystal is an anatase titanium dioxide crystal. The size of the anatase titanium dioxide crystal is 18-22 nm x 2-6 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fullerene derivative comprises (6,6)-phenyl 61C-butyric acid methyl ester. The compound comprises carboxyl-containing compounds or phosphonate-containing compounds. The carboxyl-containing compound comprises 18C acidic compounds. The phosphonate-containing compound comprises diethyl(2-cyanoethyl)phosphonate, diethyl(2-oxopropyl)phosphonate, triethyl-3-phosphonopropionate or diethyl(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)phosphonate. The phosphonate-containing compound has the structure of formula (a) or (b).n = 2-2.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The active layer comprises polymer semiconductors and fullerene derivatives. The polymer semiconductor comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pads in fuel cell stack structure contain rubber. Preferred Component: The anode channel plates has resistant and non-conductive engineering plastic substrate, carbon-reinforced plastic substrate, fiber reinforced (FR4) substrate, fiber reinforced (FR5) substrate, epoxy resin substrate, fiber glass substrate, ceramic substrate, polymer plastic substrate or composite substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode material is lithium iron phosphate. The positive mix paste further contains a binder component which is high molecular compound having a fluorine atom in molecule and conductive support agent. Preferred Process: The positive mix paste is obtained by dispersing positive electrode active material and resin having basic functional group in solvent, and co-dispersing binder component and conductive support agent to the resulting dispersion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polymer (G1) having basic functional group is obtained by reacting primary and/or secondary amino group of amine compound which contains at least polyamine (D1), with isocyanate group of urethane prepolymer (C1). The urethane prepolymer (C1) having isocyanate group in both terminal is obtained by reacting isocyanate group of diisocyanate (B1) with hydroxyl group of vinyl polymer (A1) having two hydroxyl groups. The polymer (G2) having basic functional group is obtained by reacting primary and/or secondary amino group of polymer (C2) which has an amino group, with isocyanate group of polyisocyanate (D2) containing at least 2 or more isocyanate groups. The polymer (C2) is obtained by reacting primary and/or secondary amino group of polyamine (B2) which has primary and/or secondary amino group(s), with (meth)acryloyl group of polymer (A2) having (meth)acryloyl group(s) in fragment end. The vinyl polymer (A1) is obtained by radical polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of compound having 2 hydroxyl groups and 1 thiol group in molecule. The vinyl polymer (A2) contains vinyl polymer of polyester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin having basic functional group is chosen from polymer (G1) having an amine titer value of 1-100 mg.potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g and polymer (G2) having an amine titer value of 5-100 mg.KOH/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat resistant resin layer comprises polyethylene-terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The extractant is chosen from polyethers, higher fatty acid alcohol esters and 10-18C hydrocarbons. The extractant is preferably polypropylene glycol 1000. The sugar bearing media is derived from corn flour, corn stover and corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse, grass, wood, woodchips, cane juice, molasses, xylose, sweet Sorghum, cheese whey, and cassava. Preferred Method: The purification of the high energy biofuel is performed using steam distillation or molecular sieve distillation. The fermentation is performed for 48-300 hours at 350-400 degrees C. The extractant is added periodically during fermentation. The fermentation is batch fermentation or continuous fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The connection structure has an average thickness of 1-2.5 mm when used as a junction box, and an average thickness of 0.5-2.5 mm when used as a connector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin composition contains (in parts mass) polyphenylene ether (65-98), styrene resin (1-25), and hydrogenated block copolymer (1-20). The rated temperature of the resin composition is 120 degrees C or more. The Charpy impact strength at -40 degrees C of the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably 7.5 kJ/m2 or more. The dart impact strength at -40 degrees C of the thermoplastic resin composition is 3 J or more. The retention of dart impact strength of the resin composition after leaving for 500 hours at 90 degrees C in saturated steam environment with respect to the dart impact strength at -40 degrees C before leaving to stand, is 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer is maintained at 0 degrees C or less in the presence of a weak base, and filtered under reduced pressure at 200 ml/minute or more. Deaeration is carried out while the polymer is maintained at 0 degrees C or less. Preferred Polymer: The polymer has an aromatic principal chain. The polymer having sulfonic acid group and sulfonyl halide group is obtained by processing a polymer with a halo sulfone agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The microcrystal size of high crystalline carbon is 2.3 nm or more. The catalytic metal has particle size of 2.2-5.4 nm and density of 10-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ion-conductive metal phosphate has average particle diameter of 10 nm to 1 mu m. The ion-conductive metal phosphate contains element (a) chosen from group IV and group XIV, and phosphorus and oxygen. A portion of element (a) is doped with element (b) chosen from group III, group XIII, group V and group XV. The ion-conductive metal phosphate is of formula M1-xJxP2O7 (I). The mass ratio of phosphorus and oxygen in ion-conductive metal phosphate, is 2:7. The ion conductive group is of formula: -SO3M', -COOM' or -PO3HM'.M=tin, titanium, silicon, germanium, lead, zirconium and/or hafnium;J=aluminum and/or indium;x=0.001-0.5;andM'=H, ammonium ion or alkali metal ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of block copolymer and ion-conductive metal phosphate, is 99/1-30/70, preferably 80/20-1/99. The block copolymer is vinyl-type copolymer. The polymer block (A) is aromatic vinyl polymer block. The polymer block (B) is vinyl polymer block having 2-8C alkene unit, 5-8C cycloalkene unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit, and/or 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit in which partial or all of carbon-carbon double bond are hydrogenated. The electrolyte further contains polymer block (C) has aromatic vinyl unit of formula (II), and functions as restricted phase.R2-R4=H or 1-8C alkyl;andR5=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst-carrier carbon material further includes conductive support-agent carbon material (7). The mass ratio of catalyst-carrier carbon material (a) and total content of catalyst-carrier carbon materials (a and b) is 0.2-0.95. The mass ratio of conductive support-agent carbon material and total content of catalyst-carrier carbon material (a) and conductive support-agent carbon material is 0.05-0.4. The content of gas diffusion carbon material in the inner layer and outer layer of catalyst layer is 3-30 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The weight or molar ratio between the electron donor and the electron acceptor is 1:10-10:1, preferably 1:2-2:1. The electron donor and/or electron acceptor are halo-substituted (fluorine-substituted), and comprises a pi -conjugated structure. The electron donor comprises liquid crystal including porphyrin-based compound, phthalocyanine-based compound, discotic liquid crystal, and/or polymer. The electron acceptor comprises fullerene-based compound, carbon nanotube, graphene, photosensitive dye, and/or thiophene-based material. The porphyrin-based compound comprises compound of formula (I) and (III) and the phthalocyanine-based compound comprises compound of formula (II) and (IV). The fullerene-based compound comprises 60C, 70C, 76C, 84C, carbon nanotube, graphene, or their derivative including compound of formula (V) or methanofullerene (6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester.M=2H, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ce, Ru, Rh, Pt, Au, or lanthanide metal and which may be bound to halo, O, OH, -CO, amine or heterocyclic moiety;andR1, R2=alkyl which may optionally include perfluoroalkyl, aromatic moiety, heterocyclic moiety, substituted 60C, or O, S, Br, CI, CO, COO, NH, C-C, N-N and/or C=C.m=0-20, preferably 3 or 4;n=3-20, preferably 10;M=2H, cu, or Zn;andL=linking group comprising COO, OOC, O, S, NHCO, CONH, C=C, C-C, aromatic moiety, substituted 60C, N=N, or heterocyclic moiety, preferably -COO, OOC, or O.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic polymer is an ionomer that is an ionic, neutralized derivative of a precursor alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer, where 10-60% of the total content of the carboxylic acid groups present in the precursor alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer have been neutralized with metal ions, and where the precursor alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer comprises copolymerized units of 2-10C alpha -olefin and 18-30 wt.% based on the total weight of the alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer, of copolymerized units of an alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated 3-8C carboxylic acid; or is an acid copolymer that comprises copolymerized units of 2-10C alpha -olefin and 18-30 wt.% based on the total weight of the alpha -olefin carboxylic acid copolymer, of copolymerized units of an alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated 3-8C carboxylic acid. The at least one thermoplastic sheet is a front encapsulant sheet layer positioned to the front sun-facing side of the solar cell layer and the at least one glass sheet is an incident layer positioned adjacent to the at least one thermoplastic encapsulant sheet layer and opposite from the solar cell layer; or is a back encapsulant sheet layer positioned to the back non-sun-facing side of the solar cell layer and the at least one glass sheet is a backing layer positioned adjacent to the back encapsulant sheet layer and on the side of the encapsulant sheet layer opposite from the solar cell layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The at least one encapsulant sheet layer comprises a polymeric material selected from acid copolymers, ionomers of acid copolymers, poly(ethylene vinyl acetates), poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethylenes, polyolefin block copolymer elastomers, copolymers of alpha -olefins and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, silicone elastomers and/or epoxy resins. The at least one encapsulant sheet layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer selected from acid copolymers and/or ionomers of acid copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The interfacial layer contains carbon-supported electrochemical catalyst, perfluorinated polymer electrolyte and carbon black. The carbon-supported electrochemical catalyst and nanowire-supported electrochemical catalyst contain nanoparicles which are chosen from platinum, gold, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloy, preferably platinum and ruthenium. The nanowires are chosen from carbon, ruthenium oxide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, titanium oxide, tin oxide, tungsten carbide (WCx), molybdenum carbide (MoCx), zirconium carbide (ZrCx), tungsten nitride (WNx) and molybdenum nitride (MoNx), where x is positive integer. Preferred Property: The nanoparicles in electrochemical catalyst have size of 1-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton-conducting membrane layer contains hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The p-n layer comprises a heterojunction. The n-doped layer or the p+-doped layer comprises a group III-V semiconductor. The group III-V semiconductor is monocrystalline. The n-doped layer comprises n-GaAs. The p+-doped layer comprises p-AlGaAs, where the p+-doped layer comprises p+Al0.3Ga0.7As. The window layer comprises AlGaAs, where the window layer comprises Al0.3Ga0.7As. The window layer has a thickness of about 20 nm. The antireflective coating comprises magnesium fluoride (MgF2), zinc sulfide (ZnS), silicon nitride (SiN), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon oxide (SiO2), or their combination. A surface of the window layer adjacent to the antireflective coating has been roughened to provide different angles for increased light trapping. The PV device further comprises particles interposed between the window layer and the antireflective coating to provide different angles for increased light trapping, where the particles comprise polystyrene spheres. The window layer comprises a first window layer disposed above the n-doped layer; and a second window layer disposed above the first window layer. The first window layer and the second window layer comprise AlGaAs, but with different compositions. The first window layer is doped and the second window layer is undoped. A surface of the second window layer adjacent to the antireflective coating has been roughened to provide different angles for increased light trapping. The PV device further comprises particles interposed between the second window layer and the antireflective coating to provide different angles for increased light trapping. A bottom surface of the p+-doped layer has been roughened to provide different angles for increased light trapping. The PV device further comprises particles disposed below the p-doped layer to provide different angles for increased light trapping, where the particles comprise polystyrene spheres.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material is selected from a group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polyethylene terphthalate, polyamide, ethylene vinyl acetate or their mixtures, preferably with silicon oxides or ORMOCER (RTM: Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers). The fibers include a material, which is selected from a group consisting of polyamide, polypropylene, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate. An electro-plating is applied on the polymer material, where the electro-plating is selected from a group consisting of nickel and alloys of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, copper, silver, aluminum or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The group IIIA and group IIIB elements include platinum, ruthenium, palladium, cobalt, chromium, nickel and iron. The second component is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, cesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride and manganese chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is selected from perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid. The conductive substrate is fluorine-doped tin dioxide conductive glass, indium tin oxide conductive glass or a substrate with platinum, gold, carbon, graphite, iron, copper, chromium, indium and tin oxide as conductive material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is a mixture of polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline. The conductive substrate is polyethylene glycol terephthalate plated with indium tin oxide conductive flexible strip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film subassembly includes independent film elements consisting of multiple hollow fiber films and multiple porous hydrophobic hollow fiber films. The ends of independent film element are sealed by epoxy resin or polyurethane. The porous hydrophobic hollow fiber films are made of polypropylene, polyethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic dopant is selected from silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, boron phosphate, zirconium phosphate, alpha -zirconium phosphate, crystalline proton-type zirconium phosphate or titanium (II) monohydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-ion-containing exchange resin is selected between tetrafluoroethylene and trifluorochlorethylene. The solvent is selected from dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethylphosphoramide acetone, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl carbinol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propanetriol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microporous film is organic microporous film or inorganic microporous film, preferably polymer film, ultrathin ceramic film or ultrathin molecular sieve film, preferably fluorocarbon polymer film, ultrathin silicon dioxide film, titanium dioxide film, zirconium film or porous glass film. Preparation (Claimed): The fluorine-containing cross-linked film is produced by preparing solution or melt containing fluorine-ion-containing exchange resin and inorganic dopant by molding, extruding, heat pressing, spin coating, casting, screen printing, spray painting or dipping process. Multi-layer film is prepared by compounding the single-layer films. A cross linking agent and/or evocating agent is added to solvent for treating the film. The cross linking agent has general formula (VII). X2Rf7X3 (VII)X2 and X3=Cl, Br or I; andRf7=perfluoroalkyl and chlorofluoroalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Property: The water content of the dried porous particle is 10-15%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material used by the cell shell is comprised of macromolecule material polyethylene, polycarbonate, organic glass, polypropylene or polystyrene. The methanol transmission material employed by the channel is modified hydrophobic macromolecule material polyfluortetraethylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, porous fluey cotton thread or sponge processed by polyvinylidene chloride. The water transmission material employed by the channel is porous fluey hydrophilic sponge, hydrophilic resin or hydrophilic macromolecule material polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid or copolymer or hydrophilic cotton processed by polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The base-material thermoplastic resin film is polyester film or white film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell layers are filled with resin material selected from a group consisting polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound having polymeric groups has an aromatic tertiary amine structure, and is dissolved in toluene at 20 degrees C with concentration of 1 %mass or more. The polymeric group is vinyl group. Preferred Method: The polymerization is carried out by energy irradiation, ultraviolet ray irradiation, electron irradiation, ion irradiation, radical beam irradiation or heat. The insolubilization is carried out by coating of two or more types of compounds differing in reactivity of polymerization. Preferred Layer: The layer formed by insolubilization process is hole transport layer. The photoelectric transducer has an electric power generation layer (14) having bulk heterojunction structure and containing mixture of organic donor material and organic acceptor material, and formed after forming layer obtained by insolubilization. The electric power generation layer is provided between hole transport layer and organic electron carrying layer, which are provided between electrodes. The organic donor material and organic acceptor material are dissolved in chlorobenzene at 20 degrees C with concentration of 1 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The reflective layer comprises white pigments and/or white dye, particularly titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The reflective layer comprises polyvinyl butyral or silicone as bonding material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is selected from conductive acetylene black, spherical carbon black or carbon nanotube. The composite catalyst has iron, which is selected from iron, iron (II) oxide, iron (III) oxide, ferric ferrous oxide or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plastic plates are coated with aluminum plates and polished stainless steel plates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The day lighting panels are made of transparent polycarbonate plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The corrosion-resistant low resistance metallic material is tungsten or platinum. The corrodible low resistance metallic material is silver, gold, copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light anode is made of nanometer grain, nanometer tube and rod or nanometer fiber with zinc peroxide, tin oxide and indium oxide (In2O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The low resistance grid mesh electrode is tungsten, platinum, titanium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, silver or gold metal electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium alloy is of formula Mg-xM-yN.x=1-9;y=0-3; andM, N=Al, Zn, Mn or rare earth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preferably, the process for improving stability of a dye-sensitized solar cell comprises coating an ultraviolet filtering film on an outer surface on the light receiving side of the dye-sensitized solar cell and the component or the inner surfaces of upper and lower protective layers. The process for coating the ultraviolet filtering film is thin film adhesion, solution curtain coating, on-site cured filming of material with the ultraviolet filtering function, pulling method, chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, spin coating, or screen printing. Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet filtering film is 0.01-10 mm thick. The ultraviolet filtering film is the ultraviolet filtering film obtained by uniformly mixing one or multiple ultraviolet absorbents with one macromolecular material; where the content of the ultraviolet absorbent is 0.01-10%. Preferred Components: Specifically, the ultraviolet filtering film is the light-transmission film comprising ultraviolet filtering metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal nitride. The ultraviolet absorbent is benzophenone, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, or benzothiazole ultraviolet absorbent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macromolecular material is polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, polyester, polysiloxane, polyurea, polyether, or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The nano-semiconductor layer contains oxides or sulfides of titanium, zinc, niobium, indium, tin, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten or aluminum, and has roughness of 100-220 and film thickness of 10-25 mu m. The polymer electrolyte layer contains lithium iodide, cerium chloride (0.1 weight% of lithium iodide) and fumed silica (1.5 weight% of lithium iodide). The conductive catalyst layer contains platinum and carbon in weight ratio of 99:1, or gold and carbon in weight ratio of 99:1. The transmittance of top and bottom sealed insulation plate layers and conductive layer is more than 83%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ethanol, methanol or cyclohexane is used instead of isopropyl alcohol during preparation of nano-polycrystalline bio-film photovoltaic cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preparation (Claimed): The solar cell is produced by cleaning and sputtering transparent conductive glass with indium tin oxide anode ultrasonically, where surface of the substrate is processed with ozone. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) is spin coated with a thickness of 30 nm to serve as anode modification film and then dried. The conjugated polymer electron donor material is dissolved in solvent, which is coating on the substrate that is modified by the anode through spin coating or ink-jet printing process. The substrate is dried for 10-48 minutes at 80-250 degrees C and then naturally cooled to the room temperature for forming a conjugated polymer electron donor material layer with a thickness of 2-30 nm. The conjugated polymer electron donor material, semiconductor nanocrystalline electron acceptor material and solvent are mixed to obtain a mixed solution, which is directly coated on the conjugated polymer electron donor material layer through spin coating or ink-net printing process. The coating is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, aluminum, silver, copper or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer electron donor material is selected from poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly(arylidene vinylidene), poly(p-phenylene), poly(arylidene), polythiophenes or polyquinolines. The photoelectric active layer is composed by mixing conjugated polymer electron donor material and semiconductor nanocrystalline electron acceptor material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium nitrate, lithium thiocyanate, and/or lithium fluorosulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent includes gamma -butyl lactone, vinyl carbonic acid, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propyl acetate, methyl-carbonate, and/or ethyl methyl carbonate.The maleimide includes N-phenyl maleimide, o-methyl N-phenyl maleimide, m-methyl N-phenyl maleimide, p-methyl N-phenyl maleimide, N-cyclohexyl maleimide, maleimide, phenyl maleimide, benzyl maleimide, maleimide benzocyclobutene, maleimide containing phosphorus, maleimide phosphate, siloxy group-containing maleimide, N-(4-tetrahydropyranyl-oxy-phenyl) maleimide, or 2, 6-dimethylphenyl maleimide.The bis-maleimide is of formula (I).R = -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)6-, -(CH2)8-, -(CH2)12-, -CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-C(CH3)H-CH2-CH2-, groups of formulae (II)-(VI).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anode further includes a polymer adhesive comprising polyvinyl-difluoride, butadiene styrene rubber, polyamide, and/or maleimide resin.The isolation film includes polyethylene, and/or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The positive electrode material, negative electrode material and gel polymer electrolyte are prepared according to proportion. N-methyl pyrrolidone is used as solvent for preparing positive electrode paste and water is used as solvent for preparing negative electrode paste. The positive collector is aluminum foil and negative collector is copper foil. The double surfaces of aluminum foil and copper foil are coated with back roller. The slit pole portion of collector is wound and packaged with aluminum plastic film. The diaphragm is polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite film. The gel polymer electrolyte containing monomer, initiator and organic electrolytic solution is injected into the collector and sealed through heat pressing. Then, the battery is baked at 58-62 degrees C for 6.5-7 hours, to obtain gel polymer lithium ion battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative material is natural graphite and/or artificial graphite in a weight ratio of 1-100:100-0. The positive electrode of polymer lithium ion battery comprises positive material, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride in a weight ratio of 20-50:80-50:2.5-3.5:2.5-3.5. The negative electrode of polymer lithium ion battery comprises negative material, carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber in a weight ratio of 0-100:100-0:1.5-2.5:3.5-4.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of monomer, initiator and organic electrolytic solution is 1:0.03-0.05:18.6-20.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble zinc salt is zinc acetate, zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acceptor material is (6.6)-C60-phenyl methyl n-butyrate or fullerene derivative (6.6)-C70-phenyl methyl n-butyrate. The solvent of donor material and acceptor material is o-dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform and/or tetrahydrofuran. The soluble zinc salt is zinc acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer of donor material is poly-3-hexane thiophene, polythiophene derivative having 6-12C carbons in lateral alkyl chain, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-p-phenylene vinylene), or poly(2-methoxy-5(3',7'-dimethyl octyloxy)-1,4-p-phenylene vinylene). The mol. ratio of polyacrylamide PAH to dextran in amphipathic self-assembled molecule is 3:1-1:3. The mol. ratio of PAH-D to PSS is 1:10-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron transfer layer is formed by coating a nano-crystal oxide on the metal transparent electrode, and annealing the nano-crystal oxide. The nano-crystal oxide comprises titania.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is aluminum or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The impurity concentration of inactive substrate is 10 times or more than the average impurity concentration of epitaxial layers. Preferred Composition: The inactive substrate contains germanium or silicon. The epitaxial layer (a) contains germanium (95%). The photovoltaic cell has two or more epitaxial layers comprising group IV semiconductor, sub cells containing group IV semiconductor and sub cells comprising group III-V semiconductor, at least one transition layer having group IV semiconductor and group III-V semiconductor sub cells and a buffer layer containing silicon-germanium alloy. The sub cell (s1) contains germanium. The sub cell (s2) contains (in %) silicon (5-30, preferably 17) and germanium (83). The sub cell (s3) contains gallium, arsenic (83) and phosphorus (17), or gallium, arsenic and nitrogen. The sub cell (s4) contains indium (40), gallium (60) and phosphorus, or gallium, arsenic and phosphorus. The sub cell (s5) contains indium, gallium and phosphorus. The photovoltaic cell for optically concentrating energy conversion system has metallic contact layer containing copper, and comprising adhesion layer containing titanium, nickel or chromium, diffusion barrier layer comprising titanium nitrate, alloying contact layer containing gold. The electrically insulating substrate in the photovoltaic module contains ceramic or aluminum nitride. Preferred Process: The metallic structures via holes are completely filled with metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic module has insulating cover assembly (802b) containing an organic polymer, thermosetting organic polymer, a thermoplastic organic polymer, ceramic and glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The diffusing cover is made of hard plastic materials good at heat dissipation such as polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photosensitive material comprises amorphous silicon, protocrystalline silicon, nanocrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), copper indium selenide (CIS), gallium arsenide (GaAs), light absorbing dyes, quantum dots or organic semiconductors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The basal underlying structure consists of the body of a photovoltaic solar cell device which is composed of, but not limited to, semiconductive materials such as silicon (all variations), sulfur and/or sulfides, copper, indium, gallium, arsenide, germanium, cadmium, tellurium or tellurides, and/or any combinations thereof, as well as any and all other semiconductive materials which have been, or may be in the future, determined to be of beneficial interest to the photovoltaic industry, and/or any combinations thereof. The basal underlying structure consists of the body of a photovoltaic solar cell device which is composed of, but not limited to, conductive materials such as aluminum, silver, tin, copper, zinc, ferrites (all variations) as well as any and all other conductive materials which have been, or may be in the future, determined to be of beneficial interest to the photovoltaic industry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound film has a copper/(indium+gallium) and a gallium/(indium+gallium) of 0.01-1. The dispersion nanoparticles include an element consisting of aluminum, tellurium or sulfur. The inorganic materials are aluminum, sulfur, sodium, potassium or lithium. The substrate is stainless steel, aluminum, molybdenum and titanium. The contact layer comprises molybdenum. The window layer comprises a material consisting of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc hydroxide, zinc selenide and/or n-type organic materials. The reaction of the layer in a suitable atmosphere contains a group consisting of selenium, sulfur, or tellurium and/or hydride gases comprising selenium and/or sulfur and/or tellurium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Elastomer: The acid modified styrene group elastomer is styrene-butadiene block copolymer modified by acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonionic water-soluble solid used for manufacturing the gas diffusion layer is boric acid and the nonionic porous material used for manufacturing the gas diffusion layer is hydrophobic silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal has carbon content of 60-90 %mass. Preferred Property: The coal formed as nano-particle coal after nitriding has particle grain size of 1-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The cured resin layer is obtained by curing thermosetting resin, preferably polyurethane-type thermosetting resin. The substrate is resin film substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silica with respect to total content of conductive carbon support and silica is 1-40 %mass. The content of catalyst metal with respect to total content of conductive carbon support, catalyst metal and silica is 0.1-20 %mass. Preferred Properties: The surface of conductive carbon support is subjected to silica modification. The specific surface area of the surface modified support is 100-800 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst component is chosen from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, gold, osmium, rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum, tin and tantalum. Preferred Composition: The content of silica is 1-40 %mass with respect to the gross mass of conductive carbon carrier and silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particle: The metal oxide semiconductor particle contains titanium oxide, zinc oxide and/or tin oxide. The semiconductor particle has particle size of 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The ketone group solvent is chosen from alpha -acetyl- gamma -butyrolactone, 2-benzyl ethyl acetoacetate, 2-(1-cyclo hexynyl) cyclohexanone, 4-methoxyphenyl acetone, 3-methyl 2-cyclohexene 1-one, 2-acetyl cyclohexanone, 4-ethyl cyclohexanone and isophorone. The solvent (S) is mixed solvent of alcohol solvent (60-95 wt.%) and ketone group solvent (5-40 wt.%). The alcohol solvent is 1-30C linear primary alkyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of binder resin with respect to metal oxide dispersion is 0.1-10 wt.%. The transparent electrode base material and base material of electroconductive counter electrode are polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, the adhesive layer contains a compound containing epoxy group instead of amino group. The resin layer and polyvinyl acetal layer contains a compound containing alkoxy silyl and amino groups or compound containing alkoxy silyl and epoxy groups. The resin layer is a layer containing resin including carbonic acid bond, carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group, ester bond or imide bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin layer is formed by electro-discharge treatment. Preferred Composition: The resin layer is layer containing polyester, polyunsaturated carboxylic ester, aromatic polyimide and/or aromatic polycarbonate. The polyvinyl acetal layer is a polyvinyl butyral layer, which contains plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layer (A) contains an acrylic resin and electroconductive component, preferably zinc oxide. The layer (D) is polyethylene film, and the layer (C) is white polyester film (6). The laminated surface of polyethylene film is not subjected to corona treatment. Preferred Properties: The difference of colorimetric value of front and back surface of layer (A) when irradiated with ultraviolet ray with intensity of 100 mW/cm2 for 48 hours is 10 or less, measured using accelerated weathering machine. The surface resistance value of layer (A) after 12 hours storage at 120 degrees C and 100% relative humidity is 1x 1012 or less measured using accelerated life test apparatus. The protection sheet has total thickness of 170-255 mu m and partial discharge voltage of 1000 V or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The intermediate layer contains 0.05-3 %mass of nucleating agent like sorbitol-type nucleating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin for adhesive layer is silane-modified transparent resin and/or non-silane modified transparent resin. The silane-modified transparent resin is a silane-modified copolymer. Preferred Process: The silane-modified copolymer is formed by copolymerizing ethylenically unsaturated silane compound with polyethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The black pigment is carbon black. The content of black pigment in the black layer is 0.01-20 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin (A) is silane-modified transparent resin and/or non-silane-modified transparent resin. The silane-modified transparent resin is a copolymer formed by copolymerizing an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and a resin. The resin is polyethylene. The transparent resins (A and B) of black layer and adhesive layer are same. Preferred Property: The ratio of the thickness of the black layer and adhesive layer is 95:5-5:95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst metallic compound is platinum compound and ruthenium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid having valency of 2 or more is chosen from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, heteropoly acid, oxalic acid and citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame-retardant is non halogen-type flame-retardant compound, inorganic metal, and/or inorganic metallic compound containing phosphorus and/or nitrogen. Preferred Property: The pH of the flame-retardant is 6 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flame-resistant layer further contains hydroxyl group-containing binder resin and flame retardant. Preferred Property: The binder resin has hydroxyl value of 20 or more. Preferred Film: The base-material thermoplastic resin film is a white polyester film. Preferred Material: The light source of the backlight is light emitting diode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous material is magnesium aluminometasilicate and/or calcium silicate. The unit (A) is unit to heat hydrogen storage material and forms pressure reduction state in ambient environment of hydrogen storage material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric organic compound is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst component contains platinum and ruthenium, iridium, gold, osmium, rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum, tin and/or tantalum, in an atomic ratio of 30:70-60:40. Preferred Component: The conductive carbon is silica modified conductive carbon. Preferred Property: The specific surface area of the electrode catalyst is 100-800 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix comprises ionomer (7) such as perfluorosulfonated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The damping element is made of polyurethane, silicone or acryl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The electrode has width of 15-100 mu m, thickness of 10-100 mu m, and aspect ratio of 0.7-1.2 with respect to width and thickness of the electrode. Preferred Material: The collector electrode is formed on the transparent conductive layer. The lead wire of solar cell module is formed using the electroconductive ink composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles are silver particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-temperature volatile solvent is glycol ether-group solvent. The resin composition is single composition or mixed composition of epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, and/or phenol resin composition. Preferred Condition: The linear laminated component is heated at 100-280 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Compound: Compound (A) consists of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings. The molecular structure is preferably of formula (II). Structural unit (b) is of formula (III, IV or V). The sulfonic acid or sulfonate density is 0.1-5 mEq/g.R=alkylene, preferably 3C or 4C alkylene in which at least one portion of hydrogen is substituted with halo. Preferred Definitions:    H'C'y=heterocyclic ring containing pyridine ring, or pyridine ring.    EXAMPLE - (In g) nickel-1,5-cyclooctadiene complex (0.92) was stirred with N,N-dimethylformamide. 1,5-Cyclooctadiene (0.41 ml) and 2,2'-bipyridyl (0.52) were added and stirred. 2-Bromo-6-((6-bromopyridin-2-yl)dimethylsilyl)pyridine (0.062), sodium 3-((3,5-dibromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)propane-1-sulfonate (0.199), and N,N-dimethylformamide solution containing 2,5-dibromopyridine (0.238) were added and reacted. The crude product was collected, purified and dried, to obtain sulfonic-acid-group-containing polypyridine (0.073) of formula (Ia). The compound had an acid value of 1.9 mEq/g, and excellent radical resistance, proton conductivity, film-forming property, chemical stability, thermal stability, heat resistance, ion-exchange capacity, and activity as acidic catalyst.    l-n=integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal substrate comprises iron, carbon, aluminum, nickel, titanium, chromium, steel and/or their alloys. The corrosion resistant particle comprises corrosion resistant particle from corrosion resistant particles consisting of carbides, nitrides, borides and silicides, carbon, diamond, graphite, niobium carbide, tantalum carbide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, NbB2, MoB, MgB12, BaB6, GdB4, W2B5, ZrB12, YB12, LaB6, CaB6, TaB2, TiB2, ZrB2, TaN, ZrN, TiN, NbN, CoSi2, Mo6Si3, MoSi2, TiSi2, WSi2, ZrSi2, NbSi2, Nb5Si3, and/or FeSi2; and the corrosion resistant coating comprises polymer from polymers consisting of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride (PCTFE), poly(chlorotrifluorethylene), poly(ethylene-alt-chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyetheretherketones (PEEK), and/or aromatic polysulfones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic solvent is 1 %mass or less, with respect to gross mass of the aqueous coating composition. The acidic radical is carboxy group and/or carboxy base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of repeating units (a1,b1) in the copolymer (A) is 20-80 mol% and 80-20 mol%, respectively. The content of repeating unit (a1) in hydrophilic block (A) is 80-100 mol%. The repeating unit (a1) has hydrocarbon-containing group of formula: -(OC2H4)nOR1 in a side chain and polymer unit based on carbonyl-containing group of formula: CH2=C(X)-Q1-(OC2H4)nOR1. The repeating unit (b1) has polymer unit based on carbonyl-containing group of formula: CH2=C(X)-Q2-R2.n=2-30;R1=H or 1-3C monovalent hydrocarbyl;X=H or methyl;Q1=single bond, carbonyl or -COOR3-;R3=3-6C alkylene;R2=1-20C hydrocarbyl;andQ2=-COO-, single bond or oxygen.The content of the copolymer (A) is 2-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the pigment. The fluoro-olefin copolymer has acidic radical which optionally forms salt. The aqueous coating composition does not contain emulsifier. The fluoro-olefin copolymer is a copolymer which has repeating units chosen from (f-i). The repeating (f) is repeating unit based on fluoro-olefin. The repeating unit (g) is a repeating unit based on vinyl monomer, allyl monomer or isopropenyl monomer. The repeating unit (g) has carboxy base whose portion is optionally coupled with carboxy group. The repeating unit (h) is a repeating unit based on vinyl monomer, allyl monomer or an isopropenyl monomer, in which hydroxyl group does not couples with carboxy group (a) which optionally forms salt. The repeating unit (i) is a repeating unit based on vinyl monomer bonded with hydroxyl group, allyl monomer bonded with hydroxyl group, or isopropenyl monomer bonded with hydroxyl group, and in which the carboxy group (a) is not bonded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The generated biomass and the harvested biomass comprise cyanobacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nutrient comprises nitrogen. The nutrient is a component of nitrate or another nitrogen compound. The nutrient comprises phosphate or another phosphorus compound.