NOVELTY - Electrochemical energy storage and discharge comprises providing an aqueous solution of at least one alkali or earth alkali hydroxide; separating the aqueous solution into a first solution of cations which is wholly or at least partly mono-ionic and a second solution of anions which is wholly or at least partly mono-ionic stored in separate first and second containers; and connecting an electric circuit between a first electrode in contact with the first solution and a second electrode in contact with the second solution.    USE - The method and apparatus are use for electrochemical energy storage and discharge (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrochemical energy storage and discharge comprises providing an aqueous solution of at least one alkali or earth alkali hydroxide; separating the aqueous solution into a first solution of cations which is wholly or at least partly mono-ionic and a second solution of anions which is wholly or at least partly mono-ionic stored in separate first and second containers; connecting an electric circuit between a first electrode hi contact with the first solution and a second electrode in contact with the second solution with an electric load in the circuit to discharge the electric energy across the solutions; causing the cations in the first container to be reduced to neutral atoms of alkali or earth alkali metals that instantly react with water and generate hydrogen gas and alkali hydroxides; causing the anions in the second container to be oxidized to water and generate oxygen gas; and re-combining the hydrogen and oxygen gases produced to generate energy and to recover water. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are:    (1) an apparatus, for electrochemical energy storage and discharge, comprises a main tank for containing a solution; an ion separator capable to split an input flow of solution from the main tank into two separate output flows of mono-ionic solutions, one predominantly containing cations and one predominantly containing anions; at least one pair of separate containers for receiving the monoionic solutions hydraulically connected in parallel, provided with electrodes electrically connected in series that form a supercapacitor; connectors in the separate containers for connection to an external electric circuit capable to discharge, condition and use the electric energy stored in the supercapacitor; and a Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, burner or Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to use gases produced during the discharge of the supercapacitor and release additional electrical, thermal or mechanical power;    (2) a filling and recovery of materials station (FRS) comprising a main tank for receiving an aqueous solution of alkali and/or earth alkali hydroxide; an ion separator capable to split an input flow of solution from the main tank into two separate output flows of mono-ionic solutions, one predominantly containing cations and one predominantly containing anions; pumps, valves, pressure, temperature and flow sensors and an electronic controller to safely execute a required sequence; a number of retail nozzles provided with multiple hydraulic connectors for the exchange of fluids with mobile power packs installed on electric vehicles;    (3) a mobile power pack (MPP) for electric vehicles comprising a multiple hydraulic connector mating with a retail nozzle of a filling and recovery station for supplying mono-ionic solutions; at least one pair of separate containers for receiving the mono- ionic solutions hydraulically connected in parallel, provided with electrodes electrically connected in series that form a supercapacitor; connectors in the separate containers for connection to an electronic power controller capable to discharge, condition and channel the electric energy stored in the supercapacitor to be used mainly for propulsion, and a PEM or AFC fuel cell, burner or ICE to use gases produced during the discharge of the supercapacitor and release additional electrical, thermal or mechanical power;    (4) apparatus, for separating ions in a conductive fluid, comprising a conduit through which the fluid is arranged to flow; the conduit having a first path which diverges into two alternative paths at a junction; a first and a second electrode arranged such that a positive charge is located at the first electrode and a negative charge at the second electrode; the first electrode being arranged at the junction so as to apply Coulomb forces to the ions in the first path tending to cause ions adjacent the electrode to divert into a first of the alternative paths depending on their charge; the second electrode being arranged at the junction so as to apply Coulomb forces to the ions in the first path tending to cause ions adjacent the electrode to divert into a second of the alternative paths depending on their charge; and a magnetic arrangement for generating a magnetic field at right angles to the flow of ions in the first path thus applying Lorentz forces to the ions tending to direct the ions into the first alternative path and the second alternative path depending on their charge; and    (5) apparatus, for separating ions in a conductive fluid, comprising a conduit through which the fluid is arranged to flow; the conduit having a first path which diverges into two alternative paths at a junction; a first and a second electrode arranged such that a positive charge is located at the first electrode and a negative charge at the second electrode; the first electrode being arranged at the junction so as to apply Coulomb forces to the ions in the first path tending to cause ions adjacent the electrode to divert into a first of the alternative paths depending on their charge; the second electrode being arranged at the junction so as to apply Coulomb forces to the ions n the first path tending to cause ions adjacent the electrode to divert into a second of the alternative paths depending on their charge; where the electrodes are connected to opposite poles respectively of an electret.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic plan view of an ion separation apparatus.    High voltage source (112)    Electrodes (113, 114)    Layers of dielectric material (115, 116)