NOVELTY - Method (A) of bio-converting organic carbonaceous material into fuel using stacked particle bioreactor, comprises: coating the surface of many substrates having particle size of greater than or equal to 0.3 cm with organic carbonaceous material to form coated substrates; forming stacked particle bioreactor having a void volume greater than or equal to 15 %, with the coated substrates; forming anaerobic environment within the bioreactor; anaerobically bio-treating the bioreactor until desired amount of organic carbonaceous material within the bioreactor has been converted to gaseous fuel; and collecting the gaseous fuel from bioreactor.    USE - The method is useful for bio-converting organic carbonaceous material (including oil sands, oil shale, asphaltic oil, asphalt, rubber, waste oil, bitumen, tar, pitch, kerogen, coal (including bituminous coal and peat) and agricultural waste (including manure, fruit waste, straw, fermentation waste and pulverized plant waste)) into fuel (including gaseous fuel containing methane) (all claimed). The method is also useful for producing synthetic petroleum, alcohol and oil.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a cost effective way to achieve a very large, high surface area reactor for aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation of carbonaceous materials to synthetic fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method (B) of bio-converting organic carbonaceous material into fuel using a stacked particle bioreactor, comprising: agglomerating particles comprising organic carbonaceous material with an agglomeration aid into many agglomerates having a particle greater than or equal to 0.3 cm; forming a stacked particle bioreactor with the agglomerates, the stacked particle bioreactor having a void volume greater than or equal to 15 %; forming an anaerobic environment within the stacked particle bioreactor; anaerobically bio-treating the stacked particle bioreactor until a desired amount of organic carbonaceous material within the stacked particle bioreactor has been converted to a gaseous fuel; and collecting the gaseous fuel from the stacked particle bioreactor.