TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Concentrator: In the solar concentrator, the plane is a monolithic structure. The plane is a combination of the concentrating elements. Each of the hollow taper is a hollow triangular pyramid, a hollow quadrangular pyramid, a hollow polygon pyramid, a hollow cone or a hollow elliptic cone. Each of the hollow taper includes at least two taper tips. The angle of each of the taper tips less than 90 degrees and greater than 0 degree. The first openings are substantially located on the same level. Each of the concentrating elements further includes a hollow pillar, each of the hollow pillars includes a second opening and a third opening on opposite sides, and the second openings of the concentrating elements are correspondingly connected to the first openings, where the third openings are substantially located on the same level. Each of the hollow pillars is a hollow triangular prism, a hollow quadrangular prism, a hollow polygon prism, a hollow cylinder or a hollow elliptic cylinder. The angle of a sidewall of each of the hollow pillar is between substantially 80 degrees and substantially 100 degrees. The plane includes: a first plane, where the hollow tapers are disposed in the first plane; and a second plane stacked on the first plane, where the hollow pillars are disposed in the second plane. The solar concentrator further comprises a cover covering the concentrating elements, where the cover includes an anti-reflective surface. Alternatively, the solar concentrator comprises: a plane including a set of concentrating elements, where each of the concentrating elements includes a trench, and each of the trench includes: a concave; and two sidewalls respectively connected to two opposite sides of the concave and opposite to each other; and at least one a photoelectric conversion layer covering inner side surfaces of the concentrating elements. The plane is a monolithic structure, where the plane is a combination of the concentrating elements. Each of the concaves includes a taper tip. Each of the trenches is a U-like shaped trench. Moreover, each of the concaves includes two taper tips. Each of the trenches is a W-shaped trench. The solar concentrator further comprises a cover covering the concentrating elements, where the cover includes an anti-reflective surface. In a second alternative case, the solar concentrator comprises: at least one concentrating element, including: a taper, where the taper includes a light-entering surface and at least one light-concentrating surface adjacent to the light-entering surface; and a photoelectric conversion layer covering the light-concentrating surface, where the light-concentrating surface includes a set of light-concentrating surfaces. The taper is a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid or a polygon pyramid. The light-concentrating surface includes one light-concentrating surface. The taper is a cone or an elliptic cone. The solar concentrator as well comprises an anti-reflective structure covering the light-entering surface. In a third alternative case, the solar concentrator comprises: at least one concentrating element, including: at least one pillar including a light-entering surface and a set of light-concentrating surfaces, where the light-entering surface and the light-concentrating surfaces are located on two opposite sides of the pillar; and a photoelectric conversion layer covering the light-concentrating surfaces. The light-concentrating surfaces form a -shaped contour, a U-like shaped contour or a V-shaped contour. The solar concentrator also comprises an anti-reflective structure covering the light-entering surface.