TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: In method (A): the step of processing involves hydrolysis of at least some of the holocellulosic component, and the hydrolysis is carried out at less than 220 degrees C; at least a portion of the hydroprocessed product is in the form of an oil, and further the oil is transported to a petroleum refinery for further processing or the oil is subjected to further processing to at least partially convert to a transportation fuel; at least a portion of the hydroprocessed product is blended with a petroleum-based transportation fuel; and the lignin-rich intermediate is provided via a by-product stream of another process, comprising a cellulosic ethanol process. The high-temperature hydrolysis is carried out at a pH of 2-4, for 30 seconds to 30 minutes. The methods (A) (B) and (C), further comprises: hydroprocessing at least a portion of the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product by reacting it with hydrogen to give at least one hydroprocessed products; and reacting the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product with a hydrogen donor solvent to form a further reduced-oxygen product having an oxygen content of not more than 10 wt.% on an ash-free basis. Preferred Components: The reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product is a solid at 25 degrees C. In the method (A), the step of transporting involves a logistical transporting means comprising truck, barge, train and/or pipeline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen donor solvent comprises tetralin. The hydrogen donor solvent comprises species of indanes, phenanthrenes and/or hyroquinones. The hydrogen donor solvent comprises at least one species recycled from a hydroprocessing step. In the method (B), at least 12% of the oxygen content of the lignin-rich intermediate is established via the presence of a species comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, oligosaccharides and/or simple sugars. In the method (C), at least 12% of the oxygen content of the lignin-containing biomass is established via the presence of a species comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, oligosaccharides and/or simple sugars. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.