TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The electric energy generation is effected in counter pressure turbogenerators and with condensation turbogenerator. The counter pressure turbogenerator generates exhausted steam for the manufacturing process of sugar and or ethanol and organo-mineral fertilizer. The condensation turbogenerator sends the whole condensate to a high-pressure boiler. The whole electric energy necessary for the manufacturing process of the sugar and/or alcohol and organo-mineral fertilizer, as well as the excess of energy are generated from the burning of sugar cane bagasse and straw (fine straw). The make up water of the electric energy and steam generation unit is obtained from the vegetal vapor condensate flows recovered from the process and submitted to a treatment for removal of salts and organic impurities. The treatment of the make up water is effected by treatment through ion exchange resins in series with a reverse osmosis system. The straw is mixed with the bagasse effluent from the extraction and the mixture is sent to the electric energy and steam generation unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process for the recovery of water and energy from the processing of sugar cane in ethanol production mills, using the sugar cane straw and bagasse as energy source for an electric energy and steam generation unit, comprises: submitting the sugar cane to a juice extraction operation with imbibition by vegetal vapor condensate; treating and purifying the extracted juice, using vegetal vapor condensate, pre-evaporation vegetal vapor and inputs and producing a clarified juice flow, a sludge flow and a vegetal vapor condensate flow; treating the sludge flow, producing a filter cake and a recovered juice flow which is returned to the step of treating and purifying the juice; submitting the clarified juice flow to a pre-evaporation unit, under heating by exhausted steam from the energy generation unit, producing an exhausted steam condensate, an evaporation vegetal vapor flow and a pre-evaporated juice flow; cooling the pre-evaporated juice by indirect thermal exchange with at least one of the means defined by a flow of part of the extracted juice (mixed juice) and by a vegetal vapor condensate flow circulating by a cooling tower unit; fermenting the cooled must constituted by pre-evaporated juice, producing a wine flow; and distillating the wine to produce ethanol and vinasse, where the process is characterized in that: the extracted juice (mixed juice) is heated by indirect thermal exchange, before its physical-chemical treatment with at least one of the means defined by a pre-evaporated juice flow and vegetal vapor condensate flows recovered in the process; the extracted juice, submitted to the physical-chemical treatment, is heated to 105-110 degrees C, by indirect thermal exchange with the pre-evaporation vegetal vapor flow, transforming the latter in a vegetal vapor condensate flow; the step of distillating the wine is carried out with the indirect heating of the wine by at least one of the means defined by part of the pre-evaporation vegetal vapor flow, by part of the exhausted steam flow and by a vinasse vegetal vapor flow, producing an alcoholic vapor flow and at least one of the flows defined by vegetal vapor condensate and exhausted steam; the alcoholic vapor flow is cooled by indirect thermal exchange with at least one of the flows defined by fermented wine and by vegetal vapor condensate water of the cooling tower unit; the vinasse is submitted to a multiple effect vacuum vinasse evaporation unit, under heating by pre-evaporation vegetal vapor, producing a vinasse vegetal vapor flow; a last effect vinasse vegetal vapor flow; a vegetal vapor condensate flow; and a concentrated vinasse flow; the wine, to be distillated, is pre-heated by indirect thermal exchange with at least one part of the flows defined by an alcoholic vapor flow of a distillation stage and by a last effect vinasse vegetal vapor flow, producing an alcoholic vapor condensate flow and a vinasse vegetal vapor condensate flow; and the excess of the vegetal vapor condensate flows which is not used in the process is sent, at least in part, to the cooling tower unit and, if it is still available, stored for posterior treatment. The alcoholic condensate flow is returned to the top of the respective distillation stage from which it is extracted. The clarified juice evaporation unit destined to sugar manufacture is provided with an outlet for releasing evaporation vegetal vapor in each of its at least four evaporative effects, where the step of treating and purifying the extracted juice comprises: a first regenerative heating stage by injecting part of the condensate flow; a second heating stage using part of the evaporation vegetal vapor flow released in an evaporative effect of the evaporation unit; a third heating stage in which injected part of the evaporation vegetal vapor is released in an immediately previous evaporative effect; and a fourth heating stage in which injected part of the evaporation vegetal vapor is released in a first immediately previous evaporative effect of the evaporation unit. The heating in the first evaporative effect of the evaporation unit is obtained by indirect thermal exchange between the exhausted steam of the energy generation unit and the clarified juice, generating the exhausted steam condensate flow, and a first vegetal vapor flow used to heat the subsequent effect and release a respective evaporation vegetal vapor flow for the process, and so on, until the last evaporative effect. The step of treating and purifying the extracted juice destined to the ethanol manufacture comprises: a first regenerative heating stage by indirect thermal exchange with the clarified juice, a second injection stage of part of the condensate flow; a second regenerative heating stage by means of indirect thermal exchange with vegetal vapor condensates; and a final stage using part of the evaporation vegetal vapor flow released in an evaporative effect of the juice evaporation unit destined to the sugar manufacture. The step of treating and purifying the extracted juice further comprises submitting the heated juice to operations consisting of flash, flocculation with addition of electrolyte and decantation of impurities. The wine distillation, for obtaining hydrated ethanol (96 degrees G1), is carried out at least in two steps including: the pre-heated wine is put into boiling at a pressure equal or superior to the preferably atmospheric pressure, and in an indirect thermal exchange device, in the bottom of a multi-stage distillation column, producing, on the top of the column, alcoholic vapors containing a graduation of 40-60 degrees GL (phlegm) and vinasse in the bottom, containing the wine solid constituents, water and a residual alcoholic content lower than 0.05%, the heating being carried out by indirect thermal exchange with at least one of the means defined by part of the evaporation vegetal vapor flow, by part of the exhausted steam flow; and by a vinasse vegetal vapor flow, the alcoholic vapor obtained on the top of this first step (phlegm) being sent to the second distillation step, in which the phlegm, in the alcoholic vapor form, is fed in to the first third of the column in an intermediate stage of the multiple stages, entering in contact with part of the re-circulated top condensate. The method further comprises: mixing filter cake, concentrated vinasse and combustion ashes of sugar cane straw and bagasse and, optionally, conventional chemical fertilizers, in order to compound an organo-mineral fertilizer; and adjusting the amount of nutrients, the temperature, the fermentable sugar content, the pH, the yeast amount, and other parameters for controlling the must in fermentation, in order to obtain, after the alcoholic fermentation, a final alcoholic degree of 6-16 degrees G1, preferably 10 degrees GL. The excess of vegetal vapor condensate water, which is generated in the process, is destined to irrigation, an anaerobic biological treatment, with generation of biogas and, sequentially, to an aerobic treatment, and to a physical-chemical treatment. The straw is brought up to the industry jointly with the sugar cane stems, is separated and separately processed before the extraction of the sugar cane juice and is sent to the electric energy and steam generation unit. The vapor is generated in boilers of high pressure at 45-100 (preferably 100) kgf/cm2. The vinasse is submitted to a multiple effect vacuum evaporation unit, under a heating by alcoholic vapor effluent from the top of column B, producing at least one vinasse vegetal vapor flow, an alcoholic condensate flow (hydrated ethanol) and a concentrated vinasse flow. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.