TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particles are inorganic or organic particles. The inorganic particles are metal oxides, metal hydroxide, organosilica metals and metal alloys, semiconductor materials, and silica. The metal oxide particles are preferably made from zinc oxide or titanium oxide semiconductor particles, cadmium selenide, and unmodified or modified silica particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aryl and heteroaryl groups comprise at least one 5-membered or unsaturated carbon ring, where at least one 5-membered or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbon ring of heteroaryl groups contains sulfur and/or nitrogen. The propagation monomers are of one of 17 compounds, e.g. of formulae (19), (20), (21). Preferred Method: The preparation of initiated sites - Ar1NiL-X on surface of the particles is carried out using Ni(II) compounds by reacting Et2Ni(II)bipy or R2Ni(daadi) with -A1-X to form -Ar1Nibipyx or -Ar1Ni(daadi)-X and, preferably, adding ligand L to form -Ar1-NiLX; using Ni(0) compounds by reacting Ni(PAr3)4 Ni(PR3)4 with -Ar1-X to form -Ar1-Ni(PAr3)2-X or -Ar1-Ni(PR3)2-X; using Ni(0) compounds by reacting Ni(PAr3)4 Ni(PR3)4 with -Ar1-X to form -Ar1-Ni(PAr3)2-X or -Ar1-Ni(PR3)2-X in presence of ligand L to form -Ar1-NiL-X on surface of particles; using Ni(0) compounds by reacting Ni(CO)4 or Ni(COD)2 with -Ar1-X in presence of ligand L to form -Ar1-NiL-X on surface of particles; using in-situ generated Ni(0) compounds by reacting Ni(L)X2, preferably Ni(PAr3)2X2 or Ni(PR3)2X2 with -Ar1-X in presence of ligand L and reduction compound which reduces NI(II) to Ni(0), where in the reduction compound is metal or metal containing compound; or using in-situ generated Ni(0) compounds obtained in electrochemical reduction of Ni(L)X2 with subsequent reaction of formed Ni(0) compounds with -Ar1-X in electrochemical cell. The ligand L is 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, and/or (1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic particles are polymer or copolymer particles, preferably from crosslinked polybromostyrene, polybromostyrene copolymerized with vinylpyridine or polybromostyrene copolymerized with glycidylmethacrylate. Preferred Properties: The particles have diameter of 1 nm-500 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.