TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Material: The oxygen storage materials and the anodic active catalyst materials of anodes are deposited in adjacent layers with direct contact or as a mixture by various techniques such as spraying, screen printing, hot pressing, sintering, thermal spraying, electroplating, electroforming, co-deposition by electroplating, electroless plating, dip coating, painting, or other similar techniques. The thickness of oxygen storage layer and anodic active catalyst layers or the combination of both materials in one layer of the active catalyst and oxygen storage material vary from less than one micron to few millimeters and it is uniformly distributed all over the electrode area. The oxygen storage materials such as ceria, zirconium, and other similar types are used which is preferentially oxidized than various anodic active catalyst such as silver, nickel, alloys of silver and nickel, titanium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, and other suitable catalyst materials for oxygen evolution reactions. The oxygen storage materials used in anodes can be doped with other materials or combined with other materials suitable for oxygen storage. The surface area of the active catalyst and oxygen storage material vary from less than 1-1000 m2/g. The reduction load is used during stand-by mode, shut down mode, at the start-up stage, and at open circuit voltage of electrolyzers. Unidirectional reduction load has a diode and a resistor and any other type of electronic circuit or components for the same purpose of diode as described to ensure the direction of flow of electron from cathodes which produces hydrogen to anodes which produces oxygen. The open circuit voltage of cathodes against the platinum reference electrodes is lowered to zero volts or close to zero volts using the reduction load by consuming oxygen from the metallic oxides from anodes to react with hydrogen from cathodes under the reducing voltage. The reduction load can be applied in constant current mode or in constant power mode. Hydrogen storage materials are deposited on the negatively charged cathodes in contact with cathodic active catalyst materials to supply hydrogen under the reduction load to react with oxygen from anodes. The hydrogen storage material and reduction load create reducing conditions to prevent oxidation and to convert oxides into metal during stand-by mode, shut down mode, intermittent operation, and normal operation of electrolyzer powered by renewable energy and other power sources. The hydrogen storage material and cathodic active catalyst can be mixed together and then deposited on to cathodic perforated current collector. The hydrogen storage materials used in cathodes can be doped with other materials or combined with other materials suitable for hydrogen storage. The thickness of individual layer for porous separator, anodic active catalyst, oxygen storage material, anodic perforated current collector, hydrogen storage material, cathodic active catalyst, cathodic perforated current collector, anode monopolar plate, and cathode monopolar plate is less than one micron to few millimeters with nominal thickness of 25-500 microns. The anodic perforated current collector and cathodic perforated current collector have porosity and open area of 10-90%. The electrolyzers are of any type such as alkaline, proton exchange membrane, solid oxide, and other electrochemical cells such as fuel cells and battery of any type for example alkaline, acidic, proton exchange membrane, and solid oxide. Reducing the load is carried out manually or automatically for switchover from normal operation to intermittent operation, stand-by mode, and start-up stage of electrolyzers.