TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Component: The organic layer comprises host(s) of formula (Ar 21) f-L 21-(Ar 22) g(9) or (Ar 23) h-L 22-(Ar 24) j(10), and compound(s) from arylamine compounds or styrylarylamine compounds. A mixed region of reductive dopant and organic substance, or a mixed region of oxidative dopant and organic substance is placed on the inner surface of electrode(s).L 21=(6-60C)arylene or (4-60C)heteroarylene;L 22=anthracenylene;Ar 21-Ar 24=H, (1-60C)alkyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, halo, (4-60C)heteroaryl, (5-60C)cycloalkyl or (6-60C)aryl; where cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl may be further substituted by substituent(s) from (6-60C)aryl or (4-60C)heteroaryl with(out) substituent(s) from (1-60C)alkyl with(out) halogen substituent(s), (1-60C)alkoxy, (3-60C)cycloalkyl, halo, CN, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl or tri(6-60C)arylsilyl; (1-60C)alkyl with(out) halo substituent(s), (1-60C)alkoxy, (3-60C)cycloalkyl, halo, CN, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl or tri(6-60C)arylsilyl; andf-i=0-4. Full Definitions:    L=compounds of formulae (A)-(D);    A, B'=chemical bond or 6-60C arylene, 3-60C heteroarylene, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkylene containing heteroatom(s) including N, O or S, 3-60C cycloalkylene, 2-60C alkenylene, 2-60C alkynylene, 1-60C alkylenoxy, 6-60C arylenoxy, or 6-60C arylenethio;    R 1, R 2=H, halo, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, 3-60C heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) including N, O or S, 3-60C cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C)bicycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, CN, NR 3R 4, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C)arylcarbonyl, (1-60C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkyl-carbonyl, carboxyl, NO 2or OH, or substituent including compounds of formulae (E)-(G);    R 3, R 4=1-60C alkyl, (6-60C) aryl, 5-or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) including N, O or S, adamantyl, (7-60C)bicycloalkyl, (3-60C)cycloalkyl, (3-60C)heteroaryl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl or tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, or together may be linked via (3-60C)alkylene or (3-60C)alkenylene with or without a fused ring to form alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    X, Y'=chemical bond, or -C(R 41)(R 42)-, -N(R 43)-, -S-, -O-, Si(R 44)(R 45)-, -P (R 46)-, -C(=O)-, -B(R 47)-, -In(R 48)-, -Se-, -Ge(R 49)(R 50)-, -Sn(R 51)(R 52)- or -Ga(R 53)-;    R 41-R 53=H, halo, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, 3-60C heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) including N, O, or S, 3-60C cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C)bicycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, cyano, (1-60C)alkylamino, (6-60C)arylamino, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C)arylcarbonyl, (1-60C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, NO 2or OH, or may be linked via (3-60C)alkylene or (3-60C)alkenylene with or without fused ring to form alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    R 11-R 20=H, halo, 1-60C alkyl, (6-60C)aryl, (3-60C)heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) including N, O or S, (3-60C) cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C)bicycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, CN, (1-60C)alkylamino, (6-60C)arylamino, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C) arylcarbonyl, (1-60C) alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, NO 2or OH, or substituent of compounds of formulae (E)-(G);    R 21-R 33=H, halo, 1-60C alkyl, 6-60C aryl, 3-60C heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) from N, O, or S, (3-60C) cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C)bi-cycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, CN, (1-60C)alkylamino, (6-60C)arylamino, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C)arylcarbonyl, (1-60C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, NO 2or OH, or may be linked to adjacent substituent via (3-60C)alkylene or (3-60C)alkenylene with or without fused ring to form alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring;    Z 1, Z 2=chemical bond or -(CR 61R 62)m-, -N(R 63)-, -S-, -O-, -Si(R 64)(R 65)-, -P(R 66)-, -C(=O)-, -B(R 67)-, -In(R 68)-, -Se-, -Ge(R 69)(R 70)-, -Sn(R 71)(R 72)-, or -Ga(R 73)-;    R 61-R 75=H, halo, 1-60C alkyl, (6-60C)aryl, (3-60C) heteroaryl, 5-or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) from N, O or S, (3-60C)cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C) bicycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, CN, (1-60C)alkylamino, (6-60C)arylamino, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C)arylcarbonyl, (1-60C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, NO 2or OH, or may be linked via (3-60C)alkylene or (3-60C)alkenylene with or without fused ring to form alicyclic ring, or monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring; and    m=1-4.    The arylene, heteroarylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, alkylenoxy, arylenoxy or arylenethio of A and B'; or the alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylsilyl, arylsilyl, adamantyl, bicycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylamino or arylamino of R 1-R 4, R 11-R 33, R 41-R 55and R 61-R 75may be further substituted by substituent(s) from halogen, (1-60C)alkyl, halo(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryl, (3-60C)heteroaryl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing heteroatom(s) from N, O or S, (3-60C)cycloalkyl, tri(1-60C)alkylsilyl, di(1-60C)alkyl(6-60C)arylsilyl, tri(6-60C)arylsilyl, adamantyl, (7-60C)bicycloalkyl, (2-60C)alkenyl, (2-60C)alkynyl, (1-60C)alkoxy, (1-60C)alkylthio, CN, (1-60C)alkylamino, (6-60C)arylamino, (6-60C)ar(1-60C)alkyl, (6-60C)aryloxy, (6-60C)arylthio, (6-60C)arylcarbonyl, (1-60C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-60C)alkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, nitro or hydroxyl.    EXAMPLE - Under nitrogen atmosphere, 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene (5 g) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml), and 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene (5.3 g) was added, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hours. After adding water (200 ml), the resultant mixture was heated for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated off, and the residue was worked-up by using ether, 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 5% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) solution. After evaporation, the residue was purified via column chromatography by using benzene and hexane (1:1) to obtain Compound (A') (4.3 g, 78%). Compound (A') (4.3 g) was dissolved in a mixture (70 ml) of trichloromethane (CHCl 3) and 10% methanesulfonic acid, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. After quenching the reaction by adding bicarbonate solution, the mixture was worked-up with NaHCO 3and water. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified via column chromatography. The organic product (1.3 g, 31%) was then dissolved in triglyme with 10% palladium/carbon (Pd/C), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 16 hours. After work-up, purification via column chromatography by using hexane gave Compound (B') (1.06 g, 91%). Compound B'(5.2 g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml), and the solution was chilled to - 78 degrees C. To the solution, n-Butyllithium (n-BuLi) (1.6 M in hexane) (29.4 ml) was slowly added dropwise. After 1 hour of reaction, iodomethane (7.6 ml) was added, and the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature. After 1 hour of stirring, the mixture was lowered again to - 78 degrees C, and n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane) (37.1 ml) was slowly added dropwise. After 1 hour of reaction, iodomethane (7.6 ml) was added. The temperature was slowly raised, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction was quenched by adding aqueous ammonium chloride (NH 4Cl) solution and distilled water, and the organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from hexane gave compound (C') (1.7 g). Compound (C') (1.7 g) and iron (III) chloride (11.3 mg) were dissolved in chloroform (30 ml), and the solution was chilled to 0 degrees C by using an ice-water bath. Solution of bromine (0.7 ml) dissolved in chloroform (5 ml) was slowly added dropwise, and the resultant mixture was stirred for 24 hours. When the reaction was completed, aqueous saturated sodium thiosulfate solution (50 ml) was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from boiling n-hexane (100 ml) gave Compound (D') (1.6 g). Compound (D') (2 g), phenylboronic acid (1.3 g) and tetrakis palladium (0) triphenylphosphine (0.6 g) were dissolved in toluene (100 ml) and ethanol (50 ml), and aqueous 2M sodium carbonate solution (50 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred under reflux at 120 degrees C for 4 hours. Then the temperature was lowered to 25 degrees C, and distilled water (200 ml) was added to the reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 ml), and the extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. Purification via column chromatography gave the target compound (Compound 1) (1 .6 g).