TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber material includes several absorbers each disposed within the pore such that the absorber(s) are in physical contact and/or electrical contact with the electron conductor layer and/or hole conductor layer. The hole conductor layer comprises conductive polymer, non-polymeric molecule and/or electrolyte solution. The electron conductor layer comprises titanium dioxide. The insulating layer comprises silica, silicon nitride, alumina, aluminum nitride, zirconium oxide, gallium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide and/or ytterbium oxide. The absorber material comprises light sensitive dye molecules and quantum dots. The electron conductor layer comprises sintered titanium dioxide. The insulating layer has oxide-based insulating layer. Preferred Property: The absorbers have dimension in direction perpendicular to the insulating layer which is greater than average thickness of the insulating layer. The quantum dots have dimension in direction perpendicular to the insulating layer which is greater than an average thickness of the insulating layer. Preferred Processes: The insulating layer is processed by electro perforation or etching process. The insulating layer is disposed and processed by providing sacrificial nano-material template, followed by depositing the insulating layer and subsequently removing the nano-material template. The quantum dots are in electrical and physical contact with the electron conductor layer and the hole conductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further comprises gelator molecule chosen from benzyl-N-((1S)-2-methyl-1-(octadecylcarbamoyl)butyl)carbamate, benzyl N-((1S)-2-methyl-1-(((1S)-2-methyl-1-(octadecylcarbamoyl)propyl)carbamoyl)propyl)carbamate, benzyl-N-((1S)-1-((12-((2S)-2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-methylbutanamido)dodecyl)carbamoyl)-2-methylpropyl)carbamate and methyl (2S)-6-dodecanamido-2-((octadecylcarbamoyl)amino)hexanoate.