NOVELTY - Method (A) comprises: providing a quantity of biomass comprising a lignin fraction and a holocellulosic fraction; processing the biomass to give a lignin-rich intermediate; and subjecting at least a portion of the lignin-rich intermediate to a high-temperature hydrolysis to give a reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product, where the high-temperature hydrolysis is carried out at 220-300 degrees C, and the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product has an oxygen content of not more than 25 wt.% on an ash-free basis.    USE - The methods are useful for converting biomass comprising lignin fraction and holocellulosic fraction into reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product and transportation fuel (all claimed) including diesel, gasoline and jet fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product has an oxygen content of not more than 25 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% on an ash-free basis. The method utilizes by-product and/or waste streams from the other processes as feeds, hence economic and/or environmental.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method (A) comprises: providing a quantity of biomass comprising a lignin fraction and a holocellulosic fraction; processing the biomass to give a lignin-rich intermediate; and subjecting at least a portion of the lignin-rich intermediate to a high-temperature hydrolysis to give a reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product, where the high-temperature hydrolysis is carried out at 220-300 degrees C, and the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product has an oxygen content of not more than 25 wt.% on an ash-free basis. The lignin-rich intermediate comprises a lignin component and a holocellulosic component, where the holocellulosic component accounts for not more than 50 wt.% of the lignin-rich intermediate, and the wt.% of the holocellulosic component in the lignin-rich intermediate is less than the wt.% of the holocellulosic fraction in the biomass. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method (B) comprising: processing a quantity of biomass comprising a lignin fraction and a holocellulosic fraction to give a lignin-rich intermediate comprising an oxygen content of not less than 30 wt.% on an ash-free basis; and subjecting at least a portion of the lignin-rich intermediate to a high-temperature hydrolysis to give a reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product, where the high-temperature hydrolysis is carried out at 220-300 degrees C, and the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product has an oxygen content of not more than 25 wt.% on an ash-free basis; and    (2) a method (C) comprising: providing a quantity of lignin-containing biomass comprising an oxygen content of not less than 30 wt.% on an ash-free basis; and subjecting at least a portion of the lignin-containing biomass to a high-temperature hydrolysis to give a reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product, where the high-temperature hydrolysis is carried out at 220-300 degrees C, and the reduced-oxygen lignin-derived product has an oxygen content of not more than 25 wt.% on an ash-free basis.