TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst includes iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalytic conversion comprises Fischer-Tropsch conversion of synthesis gas, where the synthesis gas conversion product comprises liquid hydrocarbons. In the method, the byproduct comprises: Fischer-Tropsch tail gas, and the utilizing step comprises combusting at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tail gas to provide heat for reforming additional carbonaceous material, and removing carbon dioxide from the Fischer-Tropsch tail gas; or spent catalyst product comprising liquid hydrocarbons and catalyst, and the utilizing step comprises reforming at least a portion of the spent catalyst product with additional carbonaceous material. The method further comprises: preparing the carbonaceous feedstock by combining the carbonaceous material with superheated steam, where the carbonaceous feedstock is prepared at a pressure of 5-45 pound-force/square inch gauge, and providing a desired molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the first synthesis gas by controlling at least one parameter including the weight ratio of the carbonaceous material to the superheated steam, the moisture content of the carbonaceous material, the reforming temperature or the reforming pressure, where the reforming temperature is 1700-2200 degrees F; reducing the amount of at least one component including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ash, tar, aromatics or carbon dioxide in the first synthesis gas; and producing superheated steam utilizing the heat of a flue gas produced during reforming and/or the heat of the first synthesis gas. The catalytic conversion comprises: Fischer-Tropsch conversion of synthesis gas, where the synthesis gas conversion product has desired molar ratio of 0.5:1-2:1, preferably 1:1; and conversion of synthesis gas into at least one component including alcohols, where the catalyst favors the production of the alcohols. Preferred Components: The carbonaceous feedstock comprises biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.