TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil comprises of material consisting of stainless steel, copper, aluminum and/or molybdenum. The absorber layer comprises inorganic materials consisting of: amorphous silicon, titania, nanocrystalline titania, zinc oxide, copper oxide (CuO or Cu2O or CuxOy), zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, strontium oxide, calcium/titanium oxide and other oxides, sodium titanate, potassium niobate, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, copper sulfide, cadmium telluride, cadmium-tellurium selenide, copper-indium selenide, cadmium oxide (CdOx), copper iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, and/or a semiconductive material, and further consists of an oligimeric material, micro-crystalline silicon, inorganic nanorods dispersed in an organic matrix, inorganic tetrapods dispersed in an organic matrix, quantum dot materials, ionic conducting polymer gels, sol-gel nanocomposites containing an ionic liquid, ionic conductors, low molecular weight organic hole conductors, C60 and/or other small molecules. The insulator of the thermally conductive electrically insulating adhesive layer of the photovoltaic cell contains particles consisting of alumina, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, zinc oxide, beryllia, silicon, diamond and/or isotopically pure synthetic single crystal diamond. The second metal substrate comprises of a material consisting of stainless steel, copper, aluminum and/or molybdenum. The thermally conductive electrically insulating layer of the module support layer comprises of alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The absorber layer includes organic materials consisting of a conjugated polymer and/or poly(phenylene), poly(phenylene vinylene) such as poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene and poly(para-phenylene vinylene), poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymers, poly(thiophene) such as poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5,-diyl), regioregular, poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5,-diyl), regiorandom, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), regioregular, poly(3-hexy-lthiophene-2,5-diyl), regiorandom), poly(thienylenevinylene), poly(isothianaphthene), 2,2'7,7' tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, organometallic polymers, polymers containing perylene units, poly(squaraines), discotic liquid crystals, organic pigments or dyes, a Ruthenium-based dye, a liquid iodide/triiodide electrolyte, azo-dyes having azo chromofores linking aromatic groups, phthalocyanines including metal-free phthalocyanine, perylenes, perylene derivatives, copper pthalocyanines, zinc pthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, squaraines, merocyanines, poly(silanes), poly(germinates), 2,9-Di(pent-3-yl)-anthra(2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetrone, and 2,9-Bis-(1-hexyl-hept-1-yl)-anthra(2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetrone and pentacene, pentacene derivatives and/or pentacene precursors, an N-type ladder polymer, and/or poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline ladder).