NOVELTY - The photovoltaic device or cell (2) comprises a first electrically conductive layer comprising a photo-sensitized electrode, a photoelectrochemical layer comprising metaloxide particles, an electrolyte solution and an asphaltene dye, a semiconductor layer comprising a mixture of asphaltene and cobalt-molybdenum disulfide (CoMoS2)-sensitized titanium dioxide particles in the electrolyte, and a second electrically conductive layer comprising a counter-electrode. The metal-oxide particles comprise titanium dioxide or other photocatalytic materials optionally dispersed in a surfactant.    USE - The asphaltene based photovoltaic device or cell is useful in a roadway (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The asphaltene based photovoltaic device or cell can be efficiently manufactured with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photovoltaic device or cell (2) comprises a first electrically conductive layer comprising a photo-sensitized electrode, a photoelectrochemical layer comprising metaloxide particles, an electrolyte solution and an asphaltene dye, a semiconductor layer comprising a mixture of asphaltene and cobalt-molybdenum disulfide (CoMoS2)-sensitized titanium dioxide particles in the electrolyte, and a second electrically conductive layer comprising a counter-electrode. The metal-oxide particles comprise titanium dioxide or other photocatalytic materials optionally dispersed in a surfactant. The second electrically conductive layer comprises conductive elements comprising carbon, graphite, soot and/or carbon allotropes. The first, second or both electrically conductive layers are made of flexible metal, and comprise platinum coated indium-tin oxide glass. The photoelectrochemical layer further comprises a semiconductor material, and an electron donor substance for photon-to-current conversion. The asphaltene to CoMoS2 ratio in the mixture is 100:1, 75:1, 50:1, 25:1, 10:1, 5:1, 2:1 or 1:1. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a method of making a photovoltaic device; and    (2) a photovoltaic roadway.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a photovoltaic cell made with asphaltene solution.    Photovoltaic cell (2)    Top electrode (4)    Bottom electrode (6)    Sooth (8)    Titanium oxide. (10)