NOVELTY - Process (A) for converting carbon-containing feedstock into useful material, comprises: preparing a slurry (112) from feedstock (100); heating to a first temperature to produce conditioned slurry; reacting conditioned slurry at a second higher temperature to produce a reacted feed (122) comprising at least one reacted solid product, and at least one reacted liquid product comprising a liquid mixture of carbon-containing species and produced water (138) containing solubles; separating (130) the solid product, water, and liquid mixture; and converting the liquid mixture into useful material.    USE - The process is useful for converting carbon-containing feedstock (rubber materials, municipal sewage sludge, food processing waste, animal processing waste (animal offal), byproducts of food manufacture and distribution (turkey offal, fryer oils, corn stalks, rice hulls, waste scraps, and last-press edible oils (canola, soybean, palm, coconut, rape seed, cotton seed, corn, and olive oil), by-products of paper and other wood industry manufacturing (cellulose or lignin containing materials), paper-pulp effluent, black liquor, leaves, grass clippings, bagasse, seaweed, cotton waste, animal waste, plastic bottles, computers, and municipal solid waste) into useful material comprising carbon solids, a mixture of hydrocarbons (comprising a fuel gas and an oil), a mixture of carboxylic oil or hydrocarbons (including fuel oil (heating oil) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process: removes unwanted gaseous impurities at an early stage in the overall process by degassing in the feed storage tank; provides products that are DNA and pathogen free; and provides coal fines free of sulfur- and chlorine-containing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into at least one useful material, comprises: preparing a slurry from the feedstock; heating the slurry to a first temperature sufficient to breakdown components of the slurry to produce a conditioned slurry; reacting the conditioned slurry in a reaction at a second, higher temperature sufficient to hydrolyze materials in the conditioned slurry to produce a reacted feed comprising at least one reacted solid product, and at least one reacted liquid product, the reacted liquid product comprising a liquid mixture of carbon-containing species and produced water containing solubles, the pressure in the reaction is at least at the saturation pressure of water in the conditioned slurry; separating the at least one reacted solid product, the produced water, and the liquid mixture from the reacted feed; and converting the liquid mixture into at least one useful material. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a fuel oil manufactured by the process;    (2) a fuel oil manufactured by a process, comprising: preparing a slurry from a feedstock comprising animal processing wastes, by-products of food manufacture, by-products of paper pulp and wood manufacturing, rubber, mixed plastics, municipal solid waste, or municipal sewage sludge; reacting the slurry in a reaction to produce a reacted feed comprising at least one reacted solid product, at least one reacted liquid product, and water; separating the at least one reacted solid product, water, the at least one reacted liquid product from the reacted feed; and converting the at least one reacted liquid product into the fuel oil;    (3) a process (B) for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into at least one useful material, comprising: preparing a slurry from the feedstock; passing the slurry through a heat exchanger, where at least one gas is vented, to produce a conditioned slurry; reacting the conditioned slurry in a first reaction, where steam and gas is liberated, to produce a reacted feed comprising at least one reacted solid product, at least one reacted liquid product, and water, where the reacted solid product comprises at least one mineral; lowering temperature, and lowering pressure, of the reacted feed, to produce an intermediate feed; separating the at least one mineral from the intermediate feed, thus producing a mixture comprising at least one reacted liquid product, and water; diverting the water; and subjecting the at least one reacted liquid product to a second reaction where carbon solids and a mixture of hydrocarbon vapor and gases are produced;    (4) an apparatus for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into at least one useful material, comprising: a pre-treatment unit for producing a heated slurry from the feedstock; a first stage reactor communicating with the vessel to receive the heated slurry, the first stage reactor configured to subject the heated slurry to a first increased temperature and a first increased pressure to produce a reacted feed that comprises at least one reacted solid product, at least one reacted liquid product, and water; at least one second stage separation unit communicating with the first stage reactor to receive the at least one solid product, at least one liquid product, and water, the unit configured to separate out the at least one reacted solid product, the water, and the at least one reacted liquid product; and a third stage reactor communicating with the separation unit to receive the at least one reacted liquid product, the third stage reactor configured to subject the at least one reacted liquid product to a second increased pressure and a second increased temperature, thus converting the at least one reacted liquid product to at least one useful material;    (5) a process (C) for converting rubber materials into at least one useful material;    (6) a process (D) for converting mixed plastics into at least one useful material;    (7) a process (E) for converting municipal sewage sludge into at least one useful material; and    (8) a process (F) for converting feedstock containing organic and inorganic materials into at least one useful material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flow-chart of overall process for converting carbon-containing feedstock into useful material.    Raw feed (100)    Slurry (112)    Reacted feed (122)    Separation stage (130)    Produced water (138)