TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first electrode comprises a transparent conductive layer comprising tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, antimony tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide and/or aluminum doped zinc oxide. The metal layer comprises gold, silver, copper, aluminum, chromium and/or its alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hole transport layer comprises 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-(bis-N,N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)-bis-N,N'-phenylbenzidine)) (BFA), polyaniline (PAN), polyphenylenevinylene (PPV), N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N-N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis-(phenyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-TPD) and/or N-N'-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-NPB). The first organic semiconductor films or the second organic semiconductor film comprises a light-absorbing material. The light-absorbing material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), (6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEHPPV), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MDMO-PPV), poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2-7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4'-7'-di-2'-1',3'-benzothia- diazole)) (PCDTBT), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole))) (PCPDTBT) and/or poly (4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol5',5''-diyl) (PCPDTTBTT). The forming of first organic semiconductor film involves forming a non-patterned organic semiconductor film on the hole transport layer and softening the non-patterned organic semiconductor film by heating; forming a stamp having the first pattern by using the photoresist as a template; pressing the stamp to the softened organic semiconductor film; and removing the stamp to form the first organic semiconductor film having the second pattern. The stamp comprises polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), UV-curable liquids, water-soluble polymers, polyurethane and/or any other suitable materials are curable by light or heat.