TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The crosslinked gel electrolyte composition comprises lithium, sodium, or potassium salt, or an ionic liquid. Preferred Device: The device further comprises a reference electrode. The device further comprises a layer disposed on the composite, the layer comprising a second electrolyte composition, or a second composite comprising the second electrolyte composition and a second conjugated polymer formed by in situ polymerization of a second electroactive monomer in a second combination comprising the second electrolyte composition and second electroactive monomer. The two electrodes are indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coated substrates. The device further comprises a reference electrode. The device further comprises a potential source in electrical connection with the two electrodes. The electrochemical atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used as an external working electrode to supply the voltage for the applying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroactive monomer is thiophene (optionally substituted), carbazole, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, thieno(3,4-b)thiophene (optionally substituted), substituted thieno(3,4-b)thiophene, dithieno(3,4-b:3',4'-d)thiophene, thieno(3,4-b)furan (optionally substituted), bithiophene (optionally substituted), pyrrole (optionally substituted), acetylene, phenylene (optionally substituted), naphthalene (optionally substituted), biphenyl and terphenyl and their substituted versions, phenylene vinylene (e.g. p-phenylene vinylene) (optionally substituted), and/or aniline (optionally substituted), or indole (optionally substituted). The electroactive monomer is selected from 31 compounds as given in the specification e.g. compounds of formulae (i)-(v).Q1=S, O, or Se;Q2=S, O, or N-R2;R1=H, 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkyl-OH, 1-12C haloalkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 1-12C haloalkoxy, aryl, -1-6C alkyl-O-1-6C alkyl, or -1-6C alkyl-O-aryl;R2=H or 1-6C alkyl;R10=1-12C alkyl, 1-12C haloalkyl, aryl, -1-6C alkyl-O--1-6C alkyl, or -1-6C alkyl-O-aryl;A=2,4,6C alkylene or (hetero)aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The crosslinked gel electrolyte is formed by crosslinking a gel electrolyte precursor in the presence of the electroactive monomer to form a layer of crosslinked gel electrolyte comprising the electroactive monomer. A layer of a second electrolyte composition is disposed between an electrode and the combination of the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition and electroactive monomer, where the layer of second electrolyte composition optionally further comprises a second electroactive monomer. The applying voltage polymerizes the electroactive monomer. The method further involves applying a second voltage to polymerize the second electroactive monomer. The method further involves patterning the device using a blocking material; direct patterning; lithography; individually addressable electrodes; or directed polymerization by the selective application of voltage. Preferred Components: The combination of crosslinked gel electrolyte composition and electroactive monomer further comprises a conducting oligomer, a conducting precursor polymer, and/or viologen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.