TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic device further comprises an electrolyte in contact with (I) and the second electrode. The first electrode is an anode, and the second electrode is a cathode. The first electrode is a cathode, the second electrode is an anode, and the second material is an electron donating material. The anode is a metal oxide anode, and the cathode is a metal or metal alloy cathode. The second material is an electron acceptor material (6). The second material is negative-type inorganic semiconductor material or a positive-type inorganic semiconductor material. The charge accepting material is an electron acceptor material. The electron acceptor material is negative-type inorganic semiconductor material. The cathode is a metal oxide cathode, the anode is a metal or metal alloy anode, and the charge accepting material is a positive-type inorganic semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting substituted amine compounds of formula (II) with substituted 2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile compounds of formula (III). Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = phenyl, fluorenyl, dialkylfluorenyl or thiophenyl;    R1, R2 = phenyl or fluorenyl (both optionally substituted);    L = direct bond;    one of R3 and R4 = H; and    other of R3 and R4 = 1-10C alkyl (optionally substituted);    R9 = H or 1-10C alkyl (optionally substituted);    R5 = H;    R6 = CH3, C2H5 or CF3; and    R7 = 1-30C alkyl (optionally substituted with OH, COOH, methacryloxy, acryloxy, hydroxyalkyleneoxy, 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, trimethylsilyl or silyl ether), aromatic group substituted with carboxylic acid, or 5- or 6-heteroaromatic groups containing at least one heteroatom including O, N or S (optionally substituted).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 24 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. 5-(1-(5''-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophen-5-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-1-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile of formula (Ia), 5-(1-(5'-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-6H,6'H-(2,2')bithiopyranyl-5-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-1-(2-ethyl-heptyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile, 5-(1-(6-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-4-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-4H-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)pyrrol-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-1-(2-ethyl-heptyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile, 5-(1-(5-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-3-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-1-(2-ethyl-heptyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile and 6-(1-(5'''-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-3,3'''-dihexyl-(2,2';5',2'';5'',2''')quaterthiophen-5-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-2-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-4-ethynyl-5-methyl-cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione.    EXAMPLE - 2-Ethylhexyl amine (38.7 g) was added to a 500 ml round bottom flask and cooled to 0 degrees C. Ethyl cyanoacetate (28.3 g) was added drop wise and stirred overnight. Next day mixture of ethyl acetoacetate (39.55 ml) and piperidine (25 ml) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 degrees C overnight. Then the reaction mixture was cooled and the diluted with water before acidifying with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The thick precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was dried in air and recrystallized to give 1-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (A). 5''-Iodo-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophene-5-carbaldehyde (2.5 g), 4-(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid (2.5 g), sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (2.6 g) and 10% palladium(carbon) (0.2 g) were mixed. Then isopropanol (600 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and heated at 80 degrees C in oil bath for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and worked up to give 5''-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophene-5-carbaldehyde (B). Then (B) (0.42 g) and (A) (0.34 g) were placed in a microwave reactor tube (10-20 ml) and dichloromethane (12 ml) was added followed by addition of pyridine (0.16 g). The reaction mixture was heated at 75 degrees C for 2 hours in a microwave reactor. The dark blue reaction mixture was cooled and methanol (20 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with hot methanol (3 x 30 ml) and purified to obtain 5-(1-(5''-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophen-5-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-1-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (250 mg).