TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pulverized resin film is used as raw resin. The mass ratio of pulverized resin film in the raw resin is 50% or less. Preferred Properties: The relative bulk density of raw resin is 0.6-0.8. The thickness of pulverized resin film is 20-5000 mu m. The relative bulk density of pulverized resin film is 0.3-0.7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sintered filter portion is arranged by the membrane of palladium or palladium alloy barrier layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrocarbon is selected from fraction of natha compound, gasoline, kerosene light oil composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The substituted acetylene is phenylacetylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The base material is fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass, indium tin oxide conductive glass, aluminum-doped zinc oxide conductive glass, ordinary glass, ceramic, alloy, polyethylene, polystyrene or non-woven fabrics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reaction gas is pure oxygen or air. The work gas is argon gas, nitrogen gas or the mixed gas of the argon gas and the nitrogen gas. Preferred Method: The method of layering the titanium dioxide layer on the titanium oxide film is the printing method, the blade scraping method or the anode oxidization method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is acetone, chloroform, methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole acceptor is phthalic acid, cyanine pigment, indigo, thioindigo group pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, phenylenevinylene group polymer derivatives, polythiophene, poly (2-ethylhexyl) (2,1-b:3,4-b1) (2,1,3-benzothiadiadiazole) (PCPDTBT), and/or thiophene group polymer derivatives. The cell electron-receptor is fullerene C60, (6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ether (PCBM), fullerene derivative, perylene derivative, CdS, ZnS, Zn (O,S), ZnSe, (Zn,In) Se, In (OH,S), In2S3, and/or (6,6) -phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ether (PC70BM). The cell utilizes a hole-transport layer that is (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), (poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate)polyglycol-(glycerol)), PANI:PSS(polyaniline :poly(4-styrene sulfonate)), PANI:CSA(polyaniline: camphor sulfonic acid), PDBT (4,4'-dimethoxy bithophene)), arylamine group (aryl amine group), polymer, and/or aromatic amine group. The electron-transport layer is metal oxide sol, zinc oxide group nano particle, aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, nitrogen doped zinc oxide group nano particles, stanum dioxide nano particle, indium tin oxide nano particle, titanium dioxide nano particle, cesium carbonate solution, and/or titanium (diisoproxide) (2,4-pentadionate) solution. The substrate is glass or plastic. The hole acceptor or the electron-receptor is an inorganic nano particle. A hole-transport layer is formed among a photoactive layer and the first electrode. (in wt.%) The hole acceptor (30-80), the electron-receptor (10-65) and the compound (0.1-20). An electron-transport layer is formed between a photoactive layer and the second electrode with an addition loader. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The luminescent polymer (I) is of formula (II)-(VI), preferably (II), (III) or (VI). The substrate contains glass or plastic material. Preferred Property: The mass average molecular weight of luminescent polymer (I) is 10000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The modified polyurethane soft bubble plastic filler is polymer of woven micro-hole net formed by adding chitosan and powder active carbon during the synthesis of the soft bubble plastic, performing foaming, prilling, slotting, crosslinking to produce polyurethane large hole net and chitosan including the active carbon, and performing crosslinking on the material, glutaraldehyde, or epoxy chloropropane or chloroacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separator membrane is comprised of a material consisting of polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, solid cross-linked polysiloxane and sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Thiophene is 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene, 3-alkylthiophene, or 3,4-dialkyl thiophene. The Grignard reagent is tetrahydrofuran solution of tert-butyl magnesium chloride, methyl magnesium bromide, ethyl magnesium chloride, propyl magnesium chloride, n-butyl magnesium bromide, hexyl magnesium chloride, dodecyl magnesium chloride, cyclohexyl magnesium chloride, isopropyl magnesium chloride, or vinyl magnesium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The conductive substrate is conductive metal sheet, indium tin oxide glass or polyester sheet coated with conductive dielectric material, or drum-shaped, belt-shaped conductive metal or conductive alloy. The coating method is spin-coating, dip-coating, scrape coating, or casting method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is selected from a group which consists of a polyimide or polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal nanoparticles are noble metals, transition metals or metal oxide. Preferred Substrate: The substrate is silicon wafer, glass, quartz, metal or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic block comprises polyvinyl pyridine, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylilc acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and/or polystyrene sulfonic acid. The hydrophilic block comprises polystyrene, polyolefin, polyalkyl acrylate, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polysiloxane, polyimidazole, polylactide and/or polylactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoarsenide, lithium perchlorate or lithium trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide. The carbonate compound is diethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid polymer electrolyte further contains compound chosen from ethylene carbonate, carbonate compound and polypropylene carbonate. The amount of isocyanate compound is 0.5-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell further comprises a planarization layer made of titanium oxide solution, cesium carbonate, titanium diisopropoxide bis(2,4-pentanedionate) and zinc oxide group nano particle such as zinc oxide aluminum, zinc oxide boron, zinc oxide gallium, zinc oxide nitrogen, tin oxide nano particle, indium tin oxide nano particle, titanium dioxide nano particle, or lithium fluoride nano particle. The electron-receptor of the organic solar cell is made of cadmium sulfide, cadmium serium, cadmium tellurium and zinc serium material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cell further comprises an anode layer and a planarization layer comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrene sulfonate), glycerol-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyaniline poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyaniline, camphor sulfonic acid, poly-4,4'-dimethoxy-bithiophene and arylamine group. The hole acceptor comprises phthalocyanine pigment, indigo, thioindigo group pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, polyparaphenylenevinylene (poly-p-phenylenevinylene), phenylenevinylene polymer derivatives, polythiophene and thiophene derivative. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The elemental powder contains copper indium diselenide, and copper indium disulphide, copper gallium sulfur and copper gallium sulfur. The elemental powder is chosen from copper, indium, gallium, aluminum, zinc, tin or sulfur. The sulfur is hydrogen selenide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and/or selenium. The method utilizes a copper indium selenide group colloidal solution group compound precursor that comprises argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amine chelating ligand is chosen from ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetramethylethylene amine or polyethyleneamine. The method utilizes polar solvent that is chosen from acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate in specific solvent or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment and filler comprises rutile type titanium dioxide, talc powder, barium sulfate, active heavy calcium, active light calcium, active barium sulfate, micro silicon powder and/or cristobalite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thixotropic agent is castor oil or fumed silica. The dispersing agent is high molecular carboxylic acid or organic silicon dispersing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin and/or flexible epoxy resin. The epoxy value of epoxy resin is not less than 0.20, viscosity is 500-4000 mPa.s, and content of volatile material is not greater than 1%. The component B is obtained by mixing polyamide 651 with DMP-30 (RTM: tertiary amine accelerator) at 100:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen contained ligand in the catalyst is phenanthroline, melamine, di-bipyridine, 4,4' bipyridine, pyrazine and/or pyridine. The reaction medium utilized in preparing catalyst is water, absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, N,N' dimethylformamide and/or ethylene glycol. The cobalt salt utilized in preparing catalyst is cobaltous oxalate, cobaltous sulfate, cobaltous acetate, cobaltous nitrate, manganous oxalate, manganous sulfate, manganous acetate and/or manganous nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electrode is tin indium oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, graphite or carbon nano tube. The hole injection layer is molybdenum trioxide, tungsten trioxide or vanadium pentoxide, poly 3, 4-ethylene dioxide thiophene, poly styrene sulfonic acid or polyaniline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal anode electrode is made of metal, aluminum, copper, silver, indium, nickel, lead, barium, calcium, magnesium or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The cross-linkable conjugated polymer material is prepared as an electron injection layer in the organic photoelectric device. The organic photoelectric device comprises a high work function transparent electrode on a transparent substrate. The cross-linking conjugated polymer material is arranged on the transparent electrode to form the electron injection layer. The conjugated polymer is arranged to form light emitting layer on the electron injection layer. The hole injection high work function layer is formed on the light emitting layer. The hole injection layer is formed on metal anode electrode. Preferred Components: The alkyl chain is straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl or cyclic alkyl chain. The benzene ring ramification is benzene ring, fluorene, carbazole or silicon fluorene derivative. The transparent substrate is glass, terephthalate or organic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali medium is ammonia aqueous solution or sodium hydroxide water solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is ethanol precursor salt, acrylamide, ethanol or oxide of sucrose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-noble metal salt is cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt acetate and/or ferric acetate. The inert gas used in the preparation of spherical nitrogen-doped carbon-supported non-noble metal oxidation-reduction catalyst is argon, helium or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and/or sulfuric acid. The content of glacial acetic acid is 70-90 %mass of total acid. The total content of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid is 10-30% total acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid content of melamine formaldehyde resin prepolymer is 60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former organic solvent is chosen from absolute ethyl alcohol, anhydrous ethane diamine or anhydrous diethylamine. The latter organic solvent is chosen from toluene, tetrachloroethylene or N, N-dimethylformamide. The dispersant comprises methyl amyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant further comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyethyleneimine. The tackifying agent comprises methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activation agent in the step (iii) is sodium bicarbonate, sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-carbon material is a phenolic resin, asphalt, polypropylene cyanide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin or butadiene styrene rubber. The cross-linking agent in the step (ii) is hydrochloric acid, formaldehyde or oxygen. Preferred Method: The pre-oxidizing speed in the step (iii) is 5-10 degrees C/minute. The pre-oxidizing temperature in the step (iii) is 200-350 degrees C. The carbonization temperature in the step (iii) is 500-700 degrees C. The activation temperature in the step (iii) is 900-1100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin layer comprises polyethylene, poly(ethylene/maleic anhydride), ethylene-methacrylate copolymer, ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. A fluorine resin layer (14) is laminated by the surface on the opposite side to the surface where the polyolefin resin layer and the cycloolefin resin layer of the base film are laminated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer is obtained by plasma ion implantation process. The polysilazane compound is perhydropolysilazane. The molded object has surface resistivity of 1x 1014 ohm/square or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene is 120 plus minus 15 mu m. The average grain diameter of silicon dioxide is 10-25 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 60-70 parts weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filling oil is mixture of saturated alkane compound (65-75%) containing chain alkane or naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic compound (25-35%), polar compound (0-3%). The hydrocarbon compound is ring cycloalkane, bicyclic cycloalkane, tricyclic cycloalkane, tetracyclic cycloalkane or pentacyclic cycloalkane. The aromatic compound is alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylbenzene, monocyclic aromatic compound, bicyclic aromatic compound, tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or thiophene compound. The polar substance is nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or sulfur-chain hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes or aromatic substances.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of nano microcrystalline, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polystyrene or chloroform is 0.1 g:0.1-0.3 g:200 mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The luminescent polymer has an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000. Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass or plastic. EXAMPLE - An aldehyde compound of formula (III) (0.56g) and acetonitrile compound of formula (IV) (7) (0.32g) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (23 mL) and methanol (12 mL), and reacted with 1.0 M tetrabuthyl ammonium hydroxide (0.39 mL) at 65 degrees C for 12 hours. The reactant mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the resulting precipitate was dropped in methanol to obtain 0.58 g of yellow solid of luminescent polymer of formula (V).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protective gas is nitrogen, hydrogen and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon source used for manufacturing composite material is sucrose, glucose, polyethylene glycol or acetylene black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by subjecting 4,5-biazafluorerone polymer monomer and monomer Suzuki coupling condensation and polymerization reaction using tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, potassium carbonate or cesium fluoride, triphenylphosphine and toluene or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or to Yamamoto coupling condensation and polymerization reaction using di(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel, bipyridyl, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and N N-dimethylformamide; and reacting obtained product with a mixed acid or base. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H, n-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-octyl oxy-chain or conjugated structural unit containing aromatic ring.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (I) is specifically claimed, i.e. compound of formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic tetramine monomer is 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenezene or 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine. The aminobenzoic acid is 3-aminobenzoic acid or 4-aminobenzoic acid. The aromatic diamine containing imidazolyl group is 4,4'-(3H,3'H-5,5'-bibenzo(d)imidazole-2,2'-diyl)dianiline, 3,3'-(3H,3'H-5,5'-bibenzo(d)imidazole-2,2'-diyl)dianiline, 4-(6-(4-aminophenyl)-1,7-dihydroimidazo(4,5-f)benzimidazol-2-yl)aniline, 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)-1,7-dihydroimidazo(4,5-f)benzimidazol-2-yl)aniline, 4-(6-(4-aminophenyl)-1,7-dihydrodiimidazo(4,5-b:4',5'-e)pyridin-2-yl)aniline, or 3-(6-(3-aminophenyl)-1,7-dihydrodiimidazo(4,5-b:4',5'-e)pyridin-2-yl)aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Liquid benzene is filled in a container and placed in an oven. Acetylene gas is supplied to the oven and carbon dust is collected on the cavity wall of the container. Toluene is supplied and ultrasonic wave extraction is carried out to obtain colorless or light yellow extract. High performance liquid phase chromatographic analysis of the extract is carried out to separate the product, using toluene as solvent. The separated product is purified to obtain the fullerene derivative. Preferred Process: The oven is operated at 40-70 degrees C for 10-20 minutes. Acetylene gas is filled at a flow rate of 50 ml/minute. The colorless or light yellow extract is transferred by siphon method. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the fullerene derivative are mixed in ortho-dichlorobenzene. Indium tin oxide substrate is ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, and dried. A coating layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) with thickness of 40 nm is formed on the substrate and annealed. The prepared ortho-dichlorobenzene solution is coated on the formed layer to form an active layer with thickness of 100 nm, annealed at 150 degrees C and packaged to obtain organic solar battery. The annealing is performed at 140 degrees C for 10 minutes. A lithium fluoride layer with thickness of 0.8 nm and aluminum layer with thickness of 100 nm are formed on the active layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dopant: The dopant is nitronium tetrafluoroborate, nitrosonium salt of fluoroboric acid, nitronium hexafluorantimonate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, dichlorodicyanoquinone, Oxone (RTM: potassium peroxomonosulfate), dimyristoyl phosphatidylinositol, trifluoromethane sulfonimide, gold (III) chloride, chloroauric acid, silver triflate, silver nitrate or aluminum trifluoromethane sulfonate. A catalyst containing nickel, cobalt, iron, platinum, gold, aluminum, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, rhodium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium or zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: A carbon source chosen from carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethanol, acetylene, propane, propylene, butane, butadiene, pentane, pentene, cyclopentadiene, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene and toluene is used in the manufacture of the multilayer graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The multilayer graphene contains binder layer comprising siloxane-based compound, acrylic compound, epoxy-based compound, conductive polymer, polyelectrolyte material, photoresist material or metal paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The pyroelectric film deposited directly below the surface of the solar cell comprising the semiconductor device is deposited utilizing at least one of a sputtering and a screen printing. Preferred Components: The pyroelectric film comprises at least one of a polyvinylidene fluoride, a triglycerin sulfate, a lead zirconate titanate, a stannic titanate, or a lithium tantalite. The semiconductor diode provided directly on the surface of the solar cell comprises at least one of a Schottky diode, a Zener diode, or a PIN (intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region) diode. A current source represented by the pyroelectric film is in parallel to a current source represented by the solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The phosphosilicate glass comprises a complex oxide of formula: xSiO2.yP2O5.zMOk. The content of phosphosilicate glass is 1-60 wt.%.x=60-97;y=3-40;z=0-40;x+y+z=100;MOk=glass former or glass modifier;M=boron, aluminum, silicon, germanium, phosphorus, lead, titanium, vanadium, arsenic, antimony or zirconium (when MOk is glass former), and tin, indium, lanthanum, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cadmium (when MOk is glass modifier);andk=1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The phosphate supply source comprises phosphorus pentoxide, phosphosilicate crystals, borophosphosilicate glass, silicon pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and/or hypophosphoric acid. The content of phosphate supply source is 1-80 wt.%. The agent for forming silanol-based compounds or silica hydrate-based compounds comprises water, phosphoric acid, and/or hypophosphoric acid. The content of agent is 1-80 wt.%. The composition further contains a conductive material (50-90 wt.%) for electrode. The antireflection layer comprises silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle is hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, (meth)acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, and/or propylene glycol. The organic vehicle constitutes the remainder of entire composition, excluding all other components. The composition has a viscosity of 3000-1000000 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semi-rigid rail strip is made of a suitable plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic semiconductor oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, cerium (IV) oxide, iron (III) oxide, indium (III) oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum (III) oxide, strontium (III) oxide, copper (II) oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide or their mixture. The transparent semiconductor oxide is selected from indium tin oxide, zinc indium oxide or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic semiconductor is selected from polymers, colorants, electrolytes or their mixtures. The polymer is selected from poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly(p-phenylene ether), poly(arylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(N-phenylimino-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene-1,4-(2,5-dioctoxy)-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene-1,4- phenylene), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of iodine is 0.5-10 weight%. The dye-sensitized solar cell further contains organic solvent chosen from acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, valeronitrile, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and N-methylpyrrolidone. The content of organic solvent is 0.5-10 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, n-butylalcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and/or isopropyl alcohol. The titania precursor is added to an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst, basic catalyst or neutral catalyst. The acid catalyst is acetic acid, acetic anhydride, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and/or sulfuric acid. The basic catalyst is ammonia solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and/or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The organic compound utilized in the method for manufacturing titania nanodispersion is ethyl acetate, terpinol, acetal, ethylcellulose, butyl carbitol acetate and/or acetal resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium precursor is chosen from titanium-(n)butoxide, titanium-(n)ethoxide, titanium-(n)isopropoxide, titanium-(n)propoxide and titanium tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used for manufacturing titanium dioxide thin film is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic group of amphiphilic branched copolymer is chosen from poly(oxyethylene) methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydrolyzed tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, amino styrene, styrene sulfonic acid, methyl propene sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, sulfoethyl (meth)acrylate and sulfobutyl (meth)acrylate. The hydrophobic group is chosen from PVC, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polydichloro difluoromethane, polyvinylidene dichloride and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper-based catalyst and platinum-based catalyst are mixed in the molar ratio of 1:1. The mixed catalyst and distilled water are mixed in the weight ratio of 1:10-1:2. The copper-based catalyst is copper-zinc oxide-alumina catalyst. The platinum-based catalyst is platinum-alumina catalyst. The mixed catalyst comprises platinum, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, iron, gold, manganese, chromium, copper, zinc and/or their mixture, and uses alumina, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica or their mixture as carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon is methanol, ethanol or propanol. Preferred Process: The steam reforming reaction is performed at 200-350 degrees C (for methanol), 300-450 degrees C (for ethanol), and 400-500 degrees C (for propanol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium titanium oxide nanofiber is prepared using lithium source material, mixture of lithium-titanium source materials, titanium source material, solvent of composite polymer, weak acid and liquid weak base. The lithium source material is lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium chloride or lithium carbonate. The titanium source material is titanium isopropoxide, titanium butoxide or titanium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent of composite polymer is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone. The weak acid is acetic acid, benzoic acid or formic acid. The liquid weak base is pyridine, ethanolamine, N-butylamine or triethanolamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite polymer is polyacrylic nitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base of the polymeric compound is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thin film contains carbon, silicon, hydrogen, oxygen and fluorine. The thickness of the hydrophobic thin film is 1-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic surface material contains membranous polymers material. The membranous polymers material comprise polypropylene, polyamide, Ertalon 66SA-type nylon, polycarbonate, polyimide, polystyrene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate acryl, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid), poly-L-lactide, hydrogel, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and/or silicone rubber. The polymer material contains polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate/styrene acrylonitrile resin or polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The conductivity of hydrogen ion is 0.100 Siemens per centimeter or greater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane is 40-80 micrometer. The concentration of sulfonation of the hydrogen ion conductivity copolymer is 30-50 percentage. Preferred Composition: The C functional group and C' functional group are copolymerized to 50-99.9 weight percent and 70-90 weight percent to prepare the hydrogen ion conductivity copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of cobaltous sulfate solution is 0.4-0.8 mol/l and pH is 1.5-5. The concentration of ammonium bicarbonate solution is 0.8-1.2 mol/l and pH is 8-11. The concentration of alcohol base solution is 20-25% and the addition amount of the surface-active dispersant is 0.1-1.5% of the amount of the reacted cobalt. The surface-active dispersant is polyethylene glycol. Preferred Method: The molar ratio of ammonium bicarbonate to cobaltous sulfate is 2.5-4.0:1. The pH of the solution during precipitation process is 6.2-6.5. The stirring speed is 200-300 revolutions per minute (rpm). The reaction temperature is 50-70 degrees C. The aging time is 0.5-1 hours. The precipitation product is precursor alkali cobalt carbonate. The method involves adding 1.25% of surface-active dispersant PEG 6000 after the precursor is filtered and washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, placing the mixture in microwave oven, where the microwave heating time is 0.5 hours and the microwave induced pyrolysis is performed to obtain cobaltic oxide product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol. The electron-transport layer contains 0.1-3 wt.% of surfactant. Preferred Process: The surfactant is dissolved in solvent chosen from 2-ethylhexanol, 2-butoxyethanol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, N-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and propylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble polymer having electrophilic functional group is poly(9,9-bis(6'-(diethanolamino)hexyl)-fluorene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy is of formula (III). The crown ether is of formulae (IV-VI). The polymer is of formula (I). The initiator is azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN), di-t-butyl jade seed (DTBP), acetyl peroxide (APO), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), azobisvaleronitrile (AIVN), and/or cation and anion initiator. The solvent contains dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or benzene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionomer comprises organic acid salt that is sulfonic acid salt and/or phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid salt is formed as carboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic photoelectric device is manufactured by utilizing 1-3 wt. % of solid content and solvent. Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from chloro-benzene, 1, 2-o-dichlorobenzene and chloroform. EXAMPLE - 2, 7- bis (4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl -1',3',2'- dioxaborolane -2'-yl) -9,9-di-decyl fluorene (0.056 g) (0.080mmol), 4, 7-di-2'-(5'-bromo)-thienyl-2, 1, 3- benzothiadiazole (0.183 g), 2, 7- bis (4',4',5',5'- tetramethyl -1',3',2'- dioxaborolane -2' -yl)-N-9''-hepta decanyl carbazole (0.210 g) were supplied into a reaction flask. The mixture was maintained for 1 hour. The mixture was mixed with toluene. The obtained product was agitated for 30 minutes to obtain the donor-acceptor type conducting polymer (6245mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal compound is gold, silver, platinum, copper, cobalt, nickel or titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The random copolymer is chosen from a group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl. The CTA is of formula (II). The organic compound comprises quaternized vinyl-imidazole and vinyl phthalimide monomer of formula (III). The random copolymer comprises vinylamine (IV). The free radical initiator is organic peroxide, hydroperoxide and azo compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes sulfonating agent chosen from chlorosulfonic acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid and acyl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes dimethyl sulphoxide, N-methypyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. Preferred Compositions: The method utilizes organic solvent chosen from a group consisting of aprotic polar solvent, diphenyl ether and/or 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer is selected from an aromatic functional group having low sulfonation activity indicated as an equation (I) -. The copolymer is selected from an aromatic functional group with high sulfonation activity indicated as an equation (II) --. The copolymer is selected from an equation (III) --. The copolymer is selected from equations (IV- VI) . The polymer electrolyte film is a flat type film, a hollow fiber film and a tube type film. The film electrode assembly comprises the branched and sulfonated copolymer including the polymer electrolyte film positioned between a cathode and an anode. Preferred Property: The copolymer has average molecular weight of 10000 to 1000000. Preferred Process: The perfluorocyclobutane is performed in inert gas atmosphere. The monomers are heated at temperature range of 130- 450 degrees C for 30 minutes to 72 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average molecular weight of the polymeric compound is 5,000-150,000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sulfonic acid group is introduced by hydroxyl radical of the polymer and sulfone compound. The method utilizes transition metal halide and coordinating ligand for grafting process. The transition metal halide is represented by chemical formula 1, where y=20:1, x=2:1, m=1, 2, or 3 and n=1=12. The coordinating ligand is 2,2- bipyridine, triphenylphosphane, alkyl-2,2- bipyridine, 4,4 (5- nonyl)-2,2- bipyridine, 4,4 (5- heptyl)-2,2- bipyridine, tris (2- aminoethyl, N',N',N"-pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, 1,1, 4, 7,10,10- hexamethyl triethylene tetramine), tethramethyl ethylenediamine and/or mixture of compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The halogen group polymer is chosen from poly vinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, poly chloro trifluoro ethylene, poly tetrafluoro ethylene, poly vinyl chloride, poly dichloro difluoro methane, poly vinylidene dichloride, poly vinylidene fluoride-co-chloro trifluoro ethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, hydrogenated dextran, poly(2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-2-methacryloxyethyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(4-bromostyrene), poly(4-chlorostyrene), brominate poly(4-vinylphenol) or poly(styrenesulfonyl fluoride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The former sealing glass composition comprises (in wt.%) silicon dioxide (60), boron oxide (10-20), alumina (1-10), calcium oxide (1-5), sodium oxide (1-10), potassium oxide (1-5) and barium oxide (1-5). The latter sealing glass composition comprises (in wt.%) silicon dioxide (60), boron oxide (10-20), alumina (1-10), calcium oxide (1-5), sodium oxide (1-10), potassium oxide (1-5), barium oxide (1-5) and lead (II) oxide (70-80). The sealing glass plate is obtained by using glycerol (0.1-1 weight parts), dioctylphthalate (0.1-1 weight parts), polyethylene glycol (0.1-1 weight parts), water (10-20 weight parts) and cellulose (1-10 weight parts).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zinc-containing material is diethylzinc or dimethylzinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium oxide solution is a solution formed by dissolving titanium compound of formula: TiOR4 in alcohol solution.R=1-20C alkyl, 1-20C heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copolymer of the PVDF resin is a comonomer that is chosen from a group consisting of polyvinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, 1,2- difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl)ether, perfluoro(1,3- dioxole) or perfluoro(2,2- dimethyl -1,3- dioxole). The copolymer of PMMA resin is a comonomer that is chosen from methylmethacrylate, alkyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene or isoprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sealing film further comprises acid absorbent that is magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The functional compound is 2-ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl methacrylate, o-phenyl-ethoxy ethyl acrylic ester, oxyethyl (4-diacrylate or bisphenol S 9, 9-acryloyl) phenyl fluorene. The organic peroxide cross linker is tertbutyl hydroperoxide-isopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl -2-ethyl hexyl ester, tertbutyl hydroperoxide stearoyl ester, peroxide -2-tert-butyl, double ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate or twentyfour peroxide ester. The sealing film further comprises an antioxidant that is hindered phenol antioxidant or phosphite antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of conductive layer, transition layer and absorption layer is 0.5-2 mu m, 5-20 mu m and 2-10 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The plating solution of transition layer is sulfuric acid plating solution or chloride plating solution. The transition layer contains aluminum and/or alumina. The absorption layer contains nickel-silica, nickel-titanium dioxide or tin-alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The higher plant is water sweet granules, mosaic reed LA, canna, calamus and reed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode electrode is an electrode of carbon material or foam nickel material. The carbon material is chosen from carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon brush, carbon particles, carbon felt, active carbon fiber and carbon nano tube. The anode electrode is the electrode of the carbon material, conductive polymer, nanometer wire, conductive polymer/carbon nano-tube composite electrode material or stainless steel net material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wind power generation blade repairing putty further comprises a pigment that is chosen from rutile type titanium dioxide, anatase titanium dioxide or talcum powder. The rheological agent is chosen from organic modified bentonite and gas phase silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersant is chosen from unsaturated polyamide ester or salt. The antifoaming agent is chosen from organo-silicon defoaming agent. The wind power generation blade repairing putty further comprises a polishing agent that is chosen from (in wt. %) zinc stearate, acid content (0.15) and water (0.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The patterned substrate is dipped in hydrofluoric acid (30-50 volume%, preferably 40%) for 0.5-2 hours, preferably 1 hour. The complex solution is complex of soluble silver salt, preferably silver perchlorate, and cysteine, and has pH of 10.4. The complex solution contains silver ion (0.05-0.5 mM, preferably 0.15 mM) and homo cysteine (0.1-0.8 mM, preferably 0.25 mM). The volume ratio of methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropanol in mixed solution is 1:3. Etching is carried out using sulfur hexafluoride gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon fiber paper is manufactured using carbon source gas such as methane, propylene or liquefied petroleum gas and diluted gas such as nitrogen or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass sealing material preferably contains (in molar ratio) boron trioxide (5-10), alumina (0-5), silica (40-60), quicklime (15-20), strontia (15-20) and gallium trioxide (10-20).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, toluene, xylene and/or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is epoxy resin, methylcellulose, polyvinyl butyral and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The dispersing agent is fish oil, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal ion is gold, molybdenum, or palladium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During photocatalytic hydrogen production, photosensitizer, sacrificial component, electron carrier and metal nanoparticles are added in mixed solution of water and acetonitrile, mixed uniformly, pH of obtained mixture is adjusted to 3-13 using dilute hydrochloric acid, or dilute sodium hydroxide solution, oxygen is removed from reactor using methane, and obtained product is processed using visible light for 5-1000 hours. Preferred Composition: The polyamide-amine dendritic polymer is provided with multi-amide structure that contains carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, thiol group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoryl group, phosphonic acyl amino group, phosphate group, boron base, silanol, formyl group, acyl group or amido group. The photosensitizer is terpyridyl platinum complex. The sacrificial component is triethanolamine. The electron carrier is 4-(1-(bromomethyl)pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-1-ethylpyridin-1-ium. The mixed solution contains water and acetonitrile, in volume ratio of 3:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lithium source and titanium source in the lithium titanate precursor powder is 0.8-0.88:1. The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium source in the lithium titanate precursor powder is lithium acetate, lithium sulfate, lithium oxalate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate or lithium sulfide. The titanium source in the lithium titanate precursor powder is tetrabutyl titanate, anatase titanium dioxide, rutile-type titanium dioxide, titanate, isopropyl titanate or titanyl oxalate. The solvent is water, methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of acrylonitrile oligomer and lithium titanate precursor powder is 0.05-1:1. The molecular weight of acrylonitrile oligomer is 106-10000. The concentration of acrylonitrile oligomer solution is 0.1-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The polyester polyol is added in a nanometer organic material that is chosen from nanometer organic titanium or nanometer organic montmorillonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred component: The curing agent is chosen from hexamethylene di isocyanate tripolymer, isophorone diisocyanate tripolymer, toluene diisocyanate- hexamethylene di isocyanate tripolymer mixed tripolymer, hydrogenated toluene diisocyanate and hydrogenated mixture of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Preferred property: The mass ratio of the main agent and curing agent is 10:1-10:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises a step (iii) including filtering the rest lithium fluoride in the reaction, taking the filtrate out of the glove box by sealing, cooling the filtrate and crystallizing at -40-0 degrees C to obtain the lithium hexafluorophosphate, filtering the cooperated lithium hexafluorophosphate under dried atmosphere, removing the organic solvent to obtain the high-purity lithium hexafluorophosphate product. The cooling crystallization temperature is -40 to -20 degrees C. The lithium hexafluorophosphate is removed form the organic solvent by using vacuum drying method, where the temperature is 30-60 degrees C, preferably 35-45 degrees C and the drying time is 5-10 hours. The mass concentration of the solubilizer in the organic solvent is 0.5-1.5 g/liter. The anhydrous hydrofluoric acid is collected by fluorine corrode resisting container in the low-temperature kettle or the phosphorus pentachloride solution is directly obtained by the congealed anhydrous hydrofluoric acid gas in the reaction container, the condensation temperature is -80-0 degrees C, preferably -40 to -20 degrees C. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, the phosphorus pentachloride and the lithium fluoride is 5-10:1:0.5-1. The drying atmosphere is in the presence of nitrogen or argon, where the moisture content is less than 10 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is anhydrous acetonitrile, carbonic ester, glycol dimethyl ether, absolute ether, pyridine, and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solubilizer is crown ether, cryptand, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysorbate, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The spherical core material has particle diameter of 1-60 mu m. The silicon-carbon composite cathode material has particle diameter of 1.5-100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The silicon source is silicon powder or silicon dioxide powder. The graphitized carbon is artificial graphite, natural graphite or graphitized mesophase carbon microsphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and/or deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin used during manufacture of cathode material is thermosetting phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, asphalt, petroleum coke, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, sucrose and/or citric acid. The dispersant is butylbenzene rubber, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, ammonium polymethacrylic acid and/or polymethacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The diameter of tin-based nano wire of the composite material is 100-200 nm. The thickness of the shell is 15-30 nm. Preferred Component: The metal alloy nano wire is tin-copper alloy, tin-cobalt alloy or tin-nickel alloy, and has axial length of 10 mu m and radial diameter of 100-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polymer film is polymethyl methacrylate film, and has thickness of 15-30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The brightening agent in the main material is titanium white. The filler is quartz powder. Preferred Composition: The auxiliary material comprises brightening agent (0.2-0.8 weight parts) that is argil, kaolin or carclazyte. The auxiliary material comprises abrasion resistance agent (0.2-0.8 weight parts) that is cerate. The auxiliary material comprises anti-adhesion agent (1-3 weight parts) that is wax powder. The auxiliary material comprises viscosity stabilizer (6-17 weight parts) that is butyl ester. The method utilizes firming agent that is hexamethylene diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silane coupling agent is chosen from gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, alpha , beta -beta (aminoethyl)-r-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane or N-beta (aminoethyl) gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxy silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole acceptor is phthalic acid, cyanine pigment, indigo, thioindigo group pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, phenylenevinylene group polymer derivatives, polythiophene, poly (2-ethylhexyl)-(2,1-b:3,4-b1)-(2,1,3-benzothiadiadiazole) (PCPDTBT), and/or thiophene group polymer derivatives. The cell electron-receptor is fullerene C60, (6,6) -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ether (PCBM), fullerene derivative, perylene derivative, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc selenide, indium selenide, indium hydroxyl , indium sulfide, Indium (III) sulfide , and/or (6,6) -phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ether (PC70BM). The cell utilizes a hole-transport layer that is PEDOT:PSS(poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-styrene sulfonate)), G- PEDOT(poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (4-styrene sulfonate) polyglycol: (glycerol)), PANI:PSS(polyaniline :poly(4-styrene sulfonate)), PANI:CSA(polyaniline: camphor sulfonic acid), PDBT (4,4'-dimethoxy bithophene), arylamine group (aryl amine group), polymer, and/or aromatic amine group. The electron-transport layer is metal oxide sol, zinc oxide group nano particle, aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, nitrogen doped zinc oxide group nano particles, stanum dioxide nano particle, indium tin oxide nano particle, titanium dioxide nano particle, cesium carbonate solution, and/or titanium (diisoproxide) (2,4-pentadionate) solution. The substrate is glass or plastic. The hole acceptor or the electron-receptor is an inorganic nano particle. A hole-transport layer is formed between the photoactive layer and the first electrode. The organic solar cell comprises (in wt.%) hole acceptor (30-80), electron-receptor (10-65) and compound (0.1-20). An electron-transport layer is formed between the photoactive layer and the second electrode. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass substrate or transparent plastic substrate. The back board layer is glass or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Phase change insulation material granule (3) is filled in each cavity and composed of (in wt.%) sodium acetate trihydrate (60-90), hydrogel (3-5) with high water absorption rate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.3-1), and auxiliary materials (sufficient amount) to form 100% insulation material granule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The light emitting device is made of glass, ceramic and/or enamel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare earth fluorescent powder is composed of europium boron doped aluminum oxide silicon dioxide gallium oxide aMO-bAl2O3cSiO2-dGa2O3:xEu-yB-zN, where a, b, c, d, x, y and z are coefficient ranges from 0.4 less than or equal to a less than or equal to 2, 0.4 less than or equal to b less than or equal to 2.8, 0.001 less than or equal to c less than or equal to 1, 0.0001 less than or equal to d less than or equal to 1, 0.0001 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1, 0.0001 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 1, 0.0001 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 1 and M is calcium and strontium, and N is dysprosium or neodymium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The light emitting device is made of plastic and/or resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The light emitting device is made of fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antimony-oxide is antimony tetra oxide. The abrasive layer additionally comprises magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, zirconium dioxide, yttrium trioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum (III) oxide, gallium (III) oxide, indium (III) oxide, silicon dioxide, germanium dioxide, tin dioxide, lead oxide and/or bismuth trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The antimony semiconductor electrode manufacturing method utilizes a complex metallic particle layer that is made from magnesium, calcium, strontium, zirconium, yttrium, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead or bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant utilized in the method for manufacturing the antimony semiconductor electrode is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or ethanolamine/triethylamine. The binder utilized in the method for manufacturing the antimony semiconductor electrode is chosen from ethyl cellulose, terpinol or polyethylene glycol/triton X-100. The dye utilized in the method for manufacturing the antimony semiconductor electrode is bis (tetrabutylammonium)-cis-(dithiocyanato)-N,N'-bis(4-carboxylato-4'-carboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II), cis-dithiocyanatobis (4,4-dicarboxylic acid-2,2-bipyridine) ruthenium (II), black dye, coumarin dye and/or mixtures of the components. The cell comprises 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-imidazolium, acetonitrile, 4-tert-butylpyridine, iodine and solution dissolving guanidinium thiocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar battery has an insulating substrate chosen from transparent glass sheet, quartz sheet, polydimethylsiloxane sheet and or non-transparent silicon sheet, cadmium selenide nanobelt and graphene film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The cadmium selenide nanobelt has length of 0.01-10 mm, preferably 1-2 mm and thickness of 50-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent used during preparation of solar battery is low-boiling-point easily-volatilized organic solvent, preferably methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The substrate is heated at 150-200 degrees C. The method further involves fabricating the solar cell by dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is chosen from indium tin oxide (ITO), polythylene terephtalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass, quartz, silicon, silica, mica, indium-tin oxide or polymer substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Rare earth hydroxide is lanthanum hydroxide. Preferred Properties: The rare earth hydroxide nanorod has diameter of 20-30 nm, and average length of 100-250 nm. The silica nanoparticles have diameter of 7-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stiffening layer contains (in weight parts) ethylene vinyl acetate (95-96), UV-absorbing agent (0.01-0.5) such as hindered amine system, benzotriazole group, benzophenone group and salicylate group, adhesive (0.5-1.5) such as methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, antioxidant (0.05-5) such as phosphorus antioxidant and phenolic antioxidant, cross-linking agent (0.05-2) such as tert-butyl-(2-ethylhexyl) mono peroxy carbonate and tert-butyl peroxy-3, 5, 5-trimethyl hexanoate, and cross-linking agent (0.5-3) such as triaryl isocyanurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is a glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent anode is made of indium tin oxide or indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The cathode electrode is made of alloy of calcium, lithium, aluminum, lithium fluoride, alkali metal salt and/or mixture and alkali metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device utilizes an electron acceptor material chosen from (6, 6)-phenyl-C61-bootee leak acid methyl ester, (6, 6)-phenyl-C71-bootee leak acid methyl ester, fullerene, (6, 6)-thienyl-C61-bootee leak acid methyl ester, carbon nanotube, and/or mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer is made of electron donor material that is chosen from poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-3-poly-3-octylthiophene, polyparaphenylenevinylene, poly (dioctylfluorene), poly (2-methoxy, 5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene), poly (2-methyl, 5-(3',7'- dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylenes and/or mixture. The substrate is a transparent polymer substrate. The cathode electrode is made of conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor type organic material is group III-V metal, group II-VI metal, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, copper indium selenide or copper indium sulfide. The transparent electrode is made of zinc oxide, titanium oxide or molybdenum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from benzene, toluene, trimethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, chloroform, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, ortho-dichlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. The electron acceptor type organic material is chosen from fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotube, graphene, graphene derivative and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester. The transparent electrode comprises phthalocyanine derivative, naphthalocyanin derivative, porphyrin derivative, N, N'-bis(3-methyl phenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, 4,4'-bis(N-(naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino) biphenyl, oxazole, oxadilzole, triazole, imidazole, imidazolone, stilbene derivative, pyrazoline derivative, tetrahydroimidazole, polyarylalkane, butadiene, 4,4',4'-tris(N-(3-methyl phenyl)N-phenylamino)triphenylamine or aminopyridine derivative of polystyrenesulfonate, polyethylene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene, mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene, polyvinylcarbazol and polysilane. The electron donor type organic material comprises a compound chosen from poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy))-p-phenylenevinylene or poly(3-hexyl thiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material layer comprises titanium dioxide, metal oxide such as zinc oxide or cadmium telluride and cadmium selenide, and an inorganic semiconductor material i.e. cupric sulfide. The ionic liquid layer is made of hydrophobic character ionic liquid that comprises a cation and a halogen based on imidazolium trifluoro sulfonate, and a negative ion based on trifluoro acetate. The structure of the solar cell further comprises indium tin oxide/titanium dioxide/ionic liquid. The buffer layer comprises molybdenum oxide or nickel oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The structure of the solar cell device further comprises gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid layer is made of 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoly cellar tetrafluoroborate or 1- benzyl -3- methylimidazoly cellar chloride. The buffer layer comprises poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer layer is chosen from poly methoxyethyl hexyloxy phenylenevinylene conjugated polymer or hexyl thiophene, poly ((9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2, 7-diyl)-2, 5-thiophenediyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole-4, 7-diyl-2, 5-thiophenediyl) . The structure of a solar cell device comprises photoactive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The optical active ion of the optical active ion doped gadolinium oxychloride nano-sheet layers is chosen from europium3+, terbium3+, praseodymium3+, neodymium3+, promethium3+, samarium3+, dysprosium3+, holmium3+, erbium3+, ytterbium3+ or lanthanide3+.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The method utilizes an anionic polymer layer made of poly (styrene-sulfonate sodium salt), poly (acrylic acid sodium salt), poly (vinyl sulfate sodium salt) or poly (aniline propanesulfonate sodium salt).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The glass frit comprises (in mass %) vanadium oxide (30-50), zinc oxide (10-20), barium oxide (10-30), tellurium dioxide (0-40), niobium oxide (5: 0-10), aluminum oxide (0-5), silicon dioxide (0-2), boron oxide (0-10), magnesium oxide (0-5) and calcium oxide (0-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit utilizes terpineol cellulose, ethyl cellulose and urethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The side of the glass cap is provided with an adhesive that is UV curing resin, epoxy resin, acrylic adhesive, ionomer resin, ethylene vinyl acetate or modified polyethylene resin class material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyethylene glycol is mixed with aluminum chloride and lithium-aluminum hydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The link layer is a single charge supply layer or multi- charge supply layer consisting of metal, metal alloy or metal salt, where the metal is chosen from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, indium, gold, silver, platinum, copper and aluminum and the supply layer comprises a p type layer and an n type layer. The p type layer is a metal halide layer. The n type layer is chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic film is further chosen from silicon wafer, a metal coated substrate and a glass and plastic film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic film is formed by coating organic compound on a matrix material, where the matrix material is made of polyphenylene vinylene (polyphenylenevinylene), polyfluorene, poly vinyl carbazole and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cellulose dissolution agent is n-methyl morpholine-n-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The graphene is made from graphite oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former salt is cobalt nitrate. The latter salt is iron nitrate. The method utilizes third salt and fourth salt, where the third salt is lanthanum nitrate, and the fourth salt is strontium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelating ligand is hydrocarboxylic acid. The alcohol is polyhydroxy alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor material is chosen from 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-(6,6)C61, 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-(6,6)C70 or 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-(6,6)C84. The triphenylamine derivative is chosen from N'-diphenyl -N,N'(3-methyl phenyl)-(1,1'-diphenyl)-4,4'-diamine or 4,4,4(2-naphthyl)-N- phenylamino triphenylamine. The electron donor material and the electron acceptor material are mixed and dissolved in an organic solvent that is chosen from chlorobenzene, chloroform or para-xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor material is chosen from poly(3- hexylthiophene), poly(3- hexylthiophene), poly(3- hexylthiophene), poly (2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene or poly (3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy phenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fire retardant contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate and/or lithium aluminum hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-hexin-3-ol, 3,5-methyl-1-hexin-3-ol, 1-ethyne-1-cyclohexanol, methyl-(3-methylbutoxy)silane, vinyl-(3-methylbutoxy)silane and/or polyvinyl polysilane. The platinum catalyst is alcohol solution of chloroplatinic acid, vinyl silane chelate of chloroplatinic acid and platinum catalyst comprising carbon or aluminum oxide as carrier. The tackifier is of formula (I) or (II).R1=-(CH2)2Si(OCH2CH3)3, -(CH2)2Si(OCH2)3 or -CH3;R2=group of formula (a), -(CH2)2Si(OCH2CH3)3, -(CH2)2Si(OCH2)3 or -CH3;R3=-CH2CH2=CH2 or -(CH2)2Si(OCH3)3;andR4=-(CH2)2Si(OCH3)3, CH2=CHSi(OCH2CH2OCH3), borate or titanium complex compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone oil containing hydrogen has hydrogen content of 0.25-0.8%. Preferred Property: The viscosity of vinyl silicone oil is 500-12000 MPa at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The andalusite gangue comprises aluminum oxide (10-20), silica (60-70), ferric oxide (5-10), and potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium (10 or less).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lubricant is tung oil or rapeseed oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive is carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The terpene monomer is 4-vinylpyridine, 4-polyvinylimidazole, 2-vinyl pyrazine, 2-vinylpyridine, 2-polyvinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone or N-polyvinylcarbazole. The monomer is acrylonitrile, 2-methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or butyl acrylate. The copolymer (II) has number average molecular weight of 2000-10000, preferably 3000-6000. The ionic liquid is 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-allylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium iodide, or 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide. The additive is additive for providing photovoltage including mixture of thiocyanate salt of guanidine and N-methyl-benzimidazole or N-butyl benzimidazole mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer is prepared by performing copolymerization reaction on terpene monomer of formula (III) and a monomer of formula R6-C(=CH2)-R5 to obtain copolymer of formula (II); performing quat. ammonium reaction between the copolymer and sulfonic acid lactone, then performing quat. phosphonium reaction with the lactone, and reacting with halogen acid, sulfuric acid, halogen salt, hydrosulfate or thiocyanate salt to obtain the ionic liquid polymer. Preferred Definitions:    R4=5 or 6-membered heterocyclyl containing quat. ammonium N selected from 4-pyridyl, 4-imidazolyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyridyl, 2-imidazolyl, pyrrolidonyl or carbazolyl;    R5=-CN, CH3COO-, -COOCH3, or CH3CH2O;    Y'=O2-, alkali metal cation, transition metal cation, primary amine cation, secondary amine cation, tertiary amine cation, or quat. ammonium cation;    X=(SO2)- or (PO3)-;    A=halide ion, (HSO4)- or (SCN)-;    m=5-40, preferably 5, 7, 15, 25 or 35; or    m:n=1:1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic fluorescent substance is a rear earth element-oxy negative ion composition of formula: (LnO)nA, where A is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine if n=1, A is sulfur or selenium if n=2, and Ln=rare earth element chosen from ytterbium, erbium, holmium or thulium, activated by two and more elements chosen from yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium or lutetium. The carbon nano tube is composed of a catalyst based on nickel, cobalt or iron, with the change over of carbonaceous gases such as methane or ethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon-containing compound and organic peroxide with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene copolymer resin is 0.1-2.5 parts weight and 0.2-4 parts weight, respectively. The organic peroxide is dialkyl peroxide, alkyl peroxy ester type peroxide and peroxy ketone-type peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive sheet composition further contains silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shell, sleeve and water filling groove are made of transparent plastic material. The lower part of the shell is coated with high reflective coating and solar collector. The shell, sleeve and water filling groove can be made into an elliptical shape. The water filling groove is provided with an insulating layer and solar condenser.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is chosen from formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methyl acetamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The alcoholometer solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is distilled water, tetrahydrofuran and/or dimethylformamide. The functional group is chosen from a carboxylic acid, hydroxide, thiol, amine group or sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nickel precursor is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate and/or nickel bromide hydrate. The aluminum precursor is aluminum sec-butoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum t-butoxide, aluminum isopropoxide and/or aluminum-tri-tert-butoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is glass substrate or polymer film substrate. A transparent conductive film (120) is formed on the carbon nanotube film. The transparent conductive film further comprises dopant chosen from gallium, aluminum oxide, boron, fluorine and indium. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film is 5-200 nm. The thickness of the transparent conductive film is 200-2000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vanadium-contained solid compound is vanadyl sulfate, vanadium dioxychloride, vanadium oxyoxalate, n-hydrate of vanadium oxyoxalate, vanadium pentoxide and/or ammonium metavanadate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molecular weight of chitosan is 2-10 million. The crosslinking agent is mixture of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The molar ratio of formaldehyde with respect to glutaraldehyde in the crosslinking agent is 1:0.5-2. The concentration of the crosslinking agent solution is 0.1-5 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The feed gas is hexafluoropropylene-oxide gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The catalyst body comprises tungsten, nichrome, Inconel 600 (RTM: Metal alloy), iron, SUS304, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tantalum and/or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polyethersulphone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gel polymer electrolyte is a ceramic particle chosen from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide powder, zirconium oxide, barium titanate, yttrium oxide and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticles are made of titanium oxide. The dye sensitized solar cell is made of compound chosen from zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and strontium oxide. The catalyst thin film electrode is made of a material chosen from platinum, activated charcoal, graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon black, and p-type semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The catalyst thin film electrode is made of a material chosen from poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (styrene-sulfonate), polyaniline camphorsulfonic acid, pentacene, polyacetylene, poly (3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, poly pipe diazine, poly iso thianaphthalen, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine and polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticle comprises metal oxide chosen from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and strontium oxide. The cell further comprises a buffer layer made of copper oxide, nickel oxide or molybdenum oxide, and a conductive material made of tungsten oxide. The recombination layer is made of copper oxide, nickel oxide and molybdenum oxide. The conductive substrate is made of quartz, gallium arsenide, glass or metal. The drain electrode is made of indium-tin-oxide, fluorine tin-oxide, antimony tin oxide, gallium tin-oxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoactive layers comprise a conjugated polymer comprising mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3-alkylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3-octylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, Poly((((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)methoxy-1,4-phenylene)-1,2-ethenediyl) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The buffer layer and the recombination layer comprise poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and polypyrrole. The conductive substrate is made of plastic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, aromatic polyester or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is chosen from a sulfonic acid group or phosphate group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic semiconducting polymers derivative is chosen from ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, octylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid or camphor sulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The semiconductor polymer is an organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The liquid storage chamber is made of organic glass or PTFE material. The anode collector plate and the cathode collector plate are printed circuit board made of epoxy glass fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The cathode gas diffusion layer is a water-repellent carbon paper. The anode diffusion layer is a hydrophilic carbon paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive film is made of tin-indium oxide or zinc-aluminum oxide, and has thickness of 100-5000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent of the suspension is water, methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material of nm/ mu m-sized spheres is silicon dioxide or polystyrene. The mass volume concentration of spheres in the suspension is 0.01-1%. Preferred Property: The nm/ mu m-sized spheres have diameter of 10 nm to -100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic coating layer containing alumina, titanium oxide, zirconia, metal oxide, organosilane, silane coupling agent, carbon nanotube or graphene is formed on the backsheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: A heat-resisting paint coating layer using silicone polyester paint or heat-proof organic coating is formed on the backsheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nucleating agent is sodium benzoate, talc powder, nanosilicon dioxide, montmorillonite, nanotitanium dioxide and 1,3-2,4-di(p-methyl) benzylidene sorbitol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The nucleating modifier is polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triphenyl phosphate. The PEG is PEG-600, PEG-1000, PEG-2000 and PEG-5000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The glass fiber plates are made of epoxy resin glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The core material is chosen from one of wood pulp paper or recycled paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide is chosen from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or silicon oxide. The co-solvent is chosen from sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate, para aminobenzoic acid, urea, nicotinic acid amide, acetamide, calcium chloride or lithium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, hexane, octane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, toluene cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether, propylene oxide, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetone or methyl butanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The special fiber is chosen from tetrafluoro ethylene hexafluoro propylene copolymer fiber, PVC fiber, ethylenetrifluorovinyl chloride copolymer fiber, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide fiber, polyimide fiber, polyethylene amide fiber, polyamideimide fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber, phenolic fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber or polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber. The binder is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate or fluorinated ethylenepropylene copolymers. The polyolefin base film is chosen from polypropylene single-layer film, polypropylene multilayer film, polyethylene single layer film, polypropylene/polyethylene composite film or polypropylene/polyethylene three-layer composite film.
Preferred Definitions:    A1, A2=one or more of 16 groups, e.g. formula (i)-(iii);    B'=one or more of 5 groups, e.g. formula (iv)-(v);    R, R1=1-20C linear or branched alkyl, where one or more carbon atom is substituted by O atom, alkene, alkyne, aryl, hydroxy, amino, carboxy, ester group, cyan or nitro; and the hydrogen atom is substituted by F, O, alkene, alkyne, aryl, hydroxy, amino, carboxy, ester group, cyan or nitro;    C'=group of formula (vi);    X-=F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PF6-, OTf-, BF4-, CF3SO3-, CH3SO3-, ClO4- or NO3-; and    R2= H; or R.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is titanium white, carbon black, iron oxide yellow and iron oxide black. The inert body filler is heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, talc powder, barium sulfate, kaolin, mica powder and wax powder. The dispersant is organic high-molecular dispersant. The defoaming agent is organic high-molecular defoaming agent. The organic high-molecular defoaming agent is AFCONA2020 (RTM: defoamer), AFCONA3239 (RTM: alkyl modified polysiloxane), BYK066 (RTM: dofoamer) and BYK052 (RTM: dofoamer). The polyisocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rheological agent in putty constituent or rheological agent in curing agent constituent one or more of organic bentonite, gaseous silicon dioxide, castor oil derivative and BYK410 (RTM: adhesive and sealant).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wt. ratio of putty component A to curing agent component B is 100:20-30. The vegetable oil based resin is castor oil based resins comprising oxygenated castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil or dehydrated castor oil. The polyester resin is polyester polyol. The organic high-molecular dispersant is EFKA4010 (RTM: polymeric dispersant), EFKA4009 (RTM: polymeric dispersant), AFCONA5044 (RTM: additive for pigment dispersion), AFCONA4047 (RTM: polymeric dispersant) and BYK110 (RTM: dispersant). The curing agent comprises (pts. wt.): polyisocyanate (85-95) and rheological agent (5-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar concentration of lithium in the electrolyte is 0.9 mol/L. The content of oxygen in the electrolyte is 2100 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is acetone, N-N dimethyl formamide and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The electrolyte contains lithium and ester mixture. The ester mixture contains calcium acetate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl-methyl carbonate, methyl carbonate and/or dimethyl carbonate. The mass ratio of ethyl-methyl carbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is 1:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of modified glass fiber in the electrolyte is 5-30 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of bromine-containing compound and thiophene-type compound are 1-1.5:1. The content of catalyst is 0.01-5% with respect to total content of bromine-containing compound and thiophene-type compound. The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst or mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladiumchloride. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphine ligand is 1:2-20. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or methylbenzene. Preferred Condition: The temperature of Stille coupling reaction is performed at 50-120? for 24-72 hours. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R2=1-8C alkyl or 1-8C alkoxy;and    R4=1-12C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive silver powder contains conductive silver solid powder (96-98 wt.%) and conductive silver paste (40-55 wt.%). The conductive silver powder has median particle size of 2.5-3.5 mu m and tap density of 4-5 g/cm2. The particle diameter difference of the conductive silver powder and glass powder is 1.5 mu m. The amount of organic carrier is 40-57 wt.%. The glass powder comprises lead oxide, bismuth oxide, diboron trioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, alumina, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, and/or strontium oxide. The glass powder contains (in wt.%) bismuth trioxide (60-70), boron trioxide (5-20), silicon dioxide (5-10), zinc oxide (3-8) and alumina (1-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Carrier: The organic carrier comprises cellulose (2-11), epoxy resin (0.5-8), thixotropic agent (0.2-2.5), surface active agent (0.2-2) and organic solvent (80-98).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid is a binary organic acid anhydride including pyromellitic dianhydride, biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ketone, bisphenol A diether dianhydride, or isophthalic anhydride. The organic diamine is 4, 4'-diamino diphenyl ether, 3, 4'-diamino diphenyl ether, hydroquinone, phenylenediamine, 3, 3'-diamine diphenyl sulfone, 4, 4'-diphenyl sulfone diamine, isopropyl diphenylamine, biphenyl, or 2,2-(diamino phenoxy phenyl) propane. The solvent is N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, cresol, or dimethyl sulfoxide. The polyimide is of formula (I). The diamine is of formula NH2-A2-NH2. The polyamic acid has a viscosity of 1-3 dl/g.A1=one or more of 9 groups, e.g. groups of formulae (1) or (2);A2=one or more of 10 aryl groups, e.g. groups of formula (3); andn=50-10000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The thermal imidization is carried out at greater than 420 degrees C. Roller pressing is carried out at 1-10 MPa for 5-30 minutes. The temperature of the thermal imidization treatment is increased by gradient under the protection of nitrogen, argon gas, or vacuum condition. The gradient is heated to 100-200 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, 180-250 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, 230-280 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, and 260-350 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anticorrosion rust inhibitor is carboxylic acid type methyl amine. The carboxylic acid type methyl amine comprises hexamethylenetetramine and/or EDTA. The heat resistant anti-scalant comprises triethanolamine and/or diethanolamine. The nonferrous metal passivation agent is hydrocarbon-triazole. The hydrocarbon-triazole comprises tolyltriazole and benzotriazole. The non-ionic surface active defoamer is dimethyl siloxane, methyl silicone or polyether. The pigment dye is methylene blue or fluorescein. The ultrapure deionized water is purified water obtained by using ion exchanger, reverse osmosis membrane and precise filters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier (C) comprises (in wt.%) ethyl cellulose STD-45 (8-12) and butyl carbitol (88-92). Preferred Components: The organic carrier (D) comprises (in wt.%) rosin modified phenolic resin (10-15) and dibasic ester (DBE) (85-90). The dispersing agent is chosen from Tego 610s (RTM: coflocculating wetting and dispersing additive), Tego 710 (RTM: polymeric high performance wetting and dispersing additive), Tego 655 (RTM: wetting and dispersing additive) and Tego 700 (RTM: deflocculating wetting and dispersing additive). The defoaming agent is chosen from Tego 825 (RTM: defoamer emulsion), Tego 815N (RTM: defoamer emulsion) and Tego 986 (RTM: deaerator).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane foam comprises a polyol (50-80%) and isocyanate (50-20%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bivalent iron source is ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate or ferrous nitrate. The lithium source is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium sulfate or lithium chloride. The phosphorus source is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The non-oxidizing atmosphere comprises nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen, or mixed gas of argon and hydrogen. The inorganic carbon source is graphite, carbon black, carbon microspheres, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers or carbon gel. Preferred Property: The size of crystal of nanocrystalline lithium-iron phosphate anode material covered by organic carbon is 20-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carbon source is sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid, ascorbic acid, cellulose or starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is xylene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Perfluorosulfonic acid ion-exchange resin solution is prepared as follows. An ion-exchange resin (5-40 %mass) is dissolved into organic solvent in a reactor, heated to 110-250 degrees C for 4 hours for dissolving resin to obtain uniform and clear film-forming solution, obtained solution is placed in ultrasonic oscillator to oscillate for 30-60 minutes, refined and bubbles are removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tubes are made of materials selected from chromium, nickel, nitrogen, carbon and molybdenum in a chlorinated solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-4-hydroxyacetophenone)propionic acid)pentaerythritol ester, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, and/or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite. The hindered amine light stabilizer comprises bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)phosphite, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, and/or bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The plasticizer is triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol diethylhexanoate, and/or triethylene glycol dicaprate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The core layer is 0.01-3 mm thick. The PVB layer is 0.01-0.3 mm thick. The upper PVB layer mixing material, core layer mixing material, and lower PVB layer mixing material are prepared through three-layer coextrusion method. The upper PVB layer mixing material comprises (pts.wt.) PVB (100), compatibilizer (1-5), plasticizer (3-25), antioxidant (0.02-1.5), and hindered amine light stabilizer (0.1-1.5). The core layer mixing material comprises (pts.wt.) polyethylene glycol terephthalate resin, polytrimethylene terephthalate resin, polyterephthalic acid-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, or polycarbonate resin (100), antioxidant (0.02-1.5), and hindered amine light stabilizer (0.1-1.5). The compatibilizer is ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer or ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, where content of carboxylic acid group is 0.5-30 mol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The reflecting layer is an aluminum film having a thickness of 100-200 nm. The self-cleaning layer and protective layer are mixed film of silica and titanium dioxide, the thickness is 200-600 nm, and the content of titanium dioxide in the mixed film is 10-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base sheet and thermal radiation layer contain polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidine fluoride, polyimide, biaxially oriented polypropylene, propylene polymer, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, thermoplastic elastomer and their aramid film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye-sensitized solar cell conductive substrate is flexible fluorine-tin oxide substrate, flexible indium-tin oxide substrate, rigid indium-tin oxide substrate, fluorine-tin oxide rigid substrate, metal substrate, alloy substrate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide substrate and/or silicon substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonvolatile electrolyte is ionic electrolyte. The ionic liquid is 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole, butyl-3-methyl imidazole, N-methyl benzimidazole and/or ethyl-3-methyl-imidazole dicyano-imine. The nonvolatile electrolyte further comprises modified additive. The modified additive is guanidine thiocyanate, 4-t-butyl pyridine, deoxycholic acid and/or chenodeoxycholic acid. The nonvolatile electrolyte oxidation-reduction pair is iodine/iodide, bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron/bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron, polypyridyl-cobalt (III)/polypyridyl cobalt (II), tetracarboxylic thiourea and its oxide dimmer and/or sulfur/mercaptan salt. Preferred Process: The nonvolatile electrolyte is prepared by adding solvent in the solvent oxidation-reduction pair and modified additive using ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous polymer film is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylamide, polystyrene and/or polyacrylonitrile. Preferred Properties: The porous polymer film has thickness of 10-30 mu m, porosity of 50-80% and average aperture of 80-120 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The hard carrier plate comprises glass, quartz, ceramic, metal or metal oxide. The flexible base material is glass base material, metal thin base material or plastic base material. The hard carrier plate is metal base material or glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains composition comprising solvent and adhesive accelerator chosen from silane coupling agent, aromatic ring-containing compound having amino group or heterocyclic ring-containing compound, organic phosphate compound, polyvalent metal salt or its ester, organic polymer resin and/or chlorinated polyolefin, preferably aminothiophenol, aminotetrazole and/or 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine, or siloxane monomer having amino group, polysiloxane having amino group and/or adhesive accelerator chosen from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane monomer and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane monomer. The organic solvent is propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol and/or propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. Preferred Process: The adhesive layer is formed by combining screen printing method, coating method, dispensing method or photolithography.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic base material contains polyimide, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfone, polycarbonate, polyacrylic ester, polysiloxane, polynorbornene, polyether ether ketone and/or polyetherimide, preferably polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilized zirconia is of formula: (Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 or (Y2O3)0.02(Sc2O3)0.11(ZrO2)0.87. Preferred Property: The film has thickness of 150-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The RO film is connected to the active carbon chamber, and the active carbon chamber is connected to the pure water storing barrel. The pure water pipeline is connected to pure water tap.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weak-polar organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, methylene dichloride, methylene trichloride, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, or methylbenzene. The polar non-protonic organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethyl formamide, acetone, or acetonitrile. The alkaline compound of the alkaline environment is alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline metal carbonate, or tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide. The mole ratio of the consumption of the alkaline and the consumption of (II) is 1-10:1. The mole ratio of the organic palladium catalyst to (II) is 0.1-20%. The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium/tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, or (triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises polymerizing 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-diisooxoamylborane) methylfluorene monomer of formula (II) with bromothiophene monomer of formula (Br-Ar1-Br) and 2,5-dibromothieno (3,4-b) pyrazine monomer of formula (III) in an alkaline environment in the presence of a weak-polar or/and polar non-protonic organic solvent. Preferred Method: The monomer (II) is prepared by mixing 2,7-dibromofluorene monomer with 2-isopropyloxo-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-diisooxyamylborane for 24-48 hours, and reacting at - 78 to - 25 degrees C in the presence of n-butyllithium as catalyst. The bromothiophene monomer is prepared by mixing a thiophene-containing monomer with N-bromosuccinimide for 4-48 hours in an ice bath. The monomer (III) is prepared by mixing thieno (3,4-b) pyrazine monomer with N-bromosuccinimide for 1-24 hours at 0 to - 25 degrees C. The polymerization is carried out for 24-168 hours at 50-150 degrees C. An organic palladium catalyst is further added to the polymerization reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used during dehydration reaction is methyl alcohol, ethanol, or ethyl acetate. The weak base of the dehydration reaction is triethylamine or sodium carbonate. The mole ratio of the weak base to diketone compound is 2-50:1. The dissolvent of the bromination is tetrahydrofuran, and a mixture containing chloroform and acetic acid with a volume ratio of 1:0.1-10, N, N-dimethylformamide. The coupling reaction is added with catalyst which is 0.05-50 mol.% of compound (II). The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst and/or organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium/tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, or (triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride. The mole ratio of the organic palladium catalyst to the mixture of organophosphorus ligand is 1: 2 to 20. The organic dissolvent is tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, or methylbenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises performing coupling reaction of a thiophene-containing compound of formulae (II), a thiophene-containing compound of formula (III), and a quinoxaline compound of formula (IV) in an organic solvent at a mole ratio of m: p: q, where m=p+q, and m is greater than p and greater than or equal to 0. Preferred Method: Compound (IV) is prepared by carrying out dehydration reaction of a diketone compound and 3, 4-diamino thienyl-hydrogen chloride at a mole ratio of 1: 0.1-10 for 1-24 hours at 0-78 degrees C and alkalescence to obtain 2, 3-disubstituted-thieno-(3, 4-b) pyrazine; and under the condition of 0-70 degrees C, carrying out bromination of 2, 3-disubstituted-thieno-(3, 4-b) pyrazine and N-bromosuccinimide at a mole ratio of 1: 0.1-10 for 1-48 hours. The coupling reaction is carried out at 40-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours under anaerobic environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The base aluminum plate has a thickness of 20-30 mu m, preferably 25 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Layer (2) has a thickness of 120-130 mu m, preferably 125 mu m, and layer (3) has a thickness of 70-80 mu m, preferably 75 mu m. The fluorine-containing layer has a thickness of 20-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticles are chosen from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium chloride diluted solution is 0.05-0.3 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The noble metal is silver, platinum, copper or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The surfactant is chosen from sodium palmitate, polyoxyethylene, alcohol ethoxylate, nonyl phenyl ethoxylate or fatty acid ethoxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is alumina, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide or silicon nitride. The grain size of the filler is 40 nm - 30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is amine, anhydride, phenolic resin, amino resin or organic hydrazide. The diluent is acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol, allyl glycidyl ether, glycol diglycidyl ether of biepoxy or resorcinol diglycidyl ether. The accelerator is tertiary amine, methyldiethanolamine, aminophenol or imidazole. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent or aluminate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting resin is vinylite, epoxy resin, phenolic resin or acrylic resin. The flexibilizer is nitrile rubber, acrylate rubber, high polymer liquid crystal material or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive heat conductor is made of aluminum or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared respectively providing perylene compound of formula (A) and benzothiophene compound of formula (B); and coupling compounds (A) and (B) by Stille in the presence of catalyst and organic solvent in anaerobic environment to obtain compound (I). Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Component: The mol ratio of compound (A) to compound (B) in Stille coupling step is 1-1.5:1. The amount of catalyst used in Stille coupling reaction is 0.01-5% of compounds (A) and (B). The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst, preferably mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphine ligand at mol ratio of 1:2-20. The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride. The organic phosphine ligand is Tri(o-tolyl) phosphine. The organic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, or toluene. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=1-8C alkyl or 1-8C alkoxy benzene;and    R4, R5=1-8C alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The PET base material is transparent or white. The PE film is low density PE or linear low density PE film which is adhered on the PET base material on one surface using an adhesive. The plate structure further comprises a second coating layer between the first paint layer and the PET base material and between the PE film and PET base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has number average molecular weight of 5000-100000. The photoluminescence polymer has high average molecular weight of 5000-100000, UV photo-radical absorption wavelength of less than 400 nm, emitting light of more than 400 nm of visible light, refractive index of 1.2-1.7, and melting point of 50-130 degrees C. The visible light is fluorescent light. The photoluminescence group is pyrenyl, anthryl, naphthyl, flavone, coumarin radical, perylenyl, and/or their derivatives. The mol ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene monomer and vinyl acetate monomer is (60:40)-(80:20). The packaging also comprises 0.1-5 wt.% additive comprising resin accelerant and/or heat stabilizer. The resin agent comprises benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butyl-peroxy) hexane, and/or 1,1-di-(tert-butyl-peroxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. The heat stabilizer comprises dibutyl hydroxy toluene, and/or dicarboxylic acid (2,2,6,6-hydroxy-4-piperidine) ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The concentration of the HCl aqueous solution is 15-25 mass%. The weight ratio of the HCl aqueous solution to sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 30-150 g: 50 g. The mass fraction of the LiOH.H2O aqueous solution is 6%-12%; and the mol ratio of the LiOH.H2O to the carboxymethylcellulose acid is 2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent comprises 90-95 vol.% ethanol, isopropanol, or acetone solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises an imidazole derivative combined with iodide salt, and a solvent. The imidazole derivative combined with iodide salt is 1,3-dialkyl imidazolium iodide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium iodide, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium iodide and/or 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide. The solvent is water, alcohol, benzene, toluene, pyridine, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and/or dimethyl formamide. The cell further comprises a macromolecular binder. The binder is ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, poly (ethylene oxide), polyethylene, polystyrene, epoxy and/or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thin-film solar cell can be silicon-based series thin-film cell, cadmium telluride series thin film cell or a copper, indium, gallium and tin series thin-film cell. The transparent conductive oxide (TCO) transparent conductive thin film can be zinc oxide thin film, boron-doped zinc oxide thin film, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin film, a gallium-doped zinc oxide thin film, a zinc oxide thin film doped with other metal element, or tin oxide thin film doped with metal element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base sheet is a glass base sheet comprising polyester film base sheet or flexible substrate base sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen is discharged under room temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ammonia borane derivative is of formula: R10NH2BR20H2, R302NHBR40H2, or H2R50BNH2R60NH2BR70H2.R10-R70=H, halo, silyl substituted by linear or branched 1-20C alkyl optionally substituted by halo, alkoxy substituted by 1-20C alkyl optionally substituted by halo, 3-20C alkyl or 6-20C aryl-substituted siloxy, or linear or branched 1-20C alkyl, 6-30C aryl or 7-31C aryl alkyl (all optionally substituted);andor adjacent of R10-R70=ring. Preferred Definitions:    M=Co, Ni, Pd or Pt;and    X=Cl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The laminated solar cell is composed of polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a solar cell layer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer and a polycarbonate layer that are overlapped in turn from top to bottom and packed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The front packaging glass is super rolling glass, float glass, common float glass, or glass anti-reflection film with thickness of 2-6 mm. The substrate glass is super rolling glass, float glass, common float glass, or glass of Low-E film and has thickness of 2-6 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first adhesive film layer and second film connecting layer are connected with polyethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The atomic layer deposition is carried out using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) as a photoelectric conversion accelerated substance, 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) or ((6,6)-phenyl 61 butyric acid methyl ester) as a photoelectric conversion material. The hydrophobic material is octadecyl trichlorosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) is performed for 20-40 hours at 80-120 degrees C in vacuum drying box. The non-oxidizing atmosphere is presence of at least one gas chosen from nitrogen, argon and helium. The step (d) is performed at 3500-5000 degrees C. The method further involves washing the metal nanoparticle obtained in step (d) using clean water, centrifuging the solution, removing water from the product, and drying the obtained material. Preferred Component: The high valent metal chloride acid is chosen from chloroplatinic acid, ruthenic acid chloride, chloroauric acid, rhodium carbonyl chloride, hydrochloropalladic acid, iridium chloride acid and chloroosmate(1V)hexahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of zinc alloy powder is 100 weight%. The alkaline electrolyte is alkali-metal hydroxide aqueous solution (20-40 %mass) and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (30-39 %mass). The mass ratio of zinc alloy powder and alkaline electrolyte is 1:1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sodium polyacrylate and 1,3-(N-substituted phenyl carbamoyl ethyl) imidazole acid ionic liquid is 1:0.1-0.5. The content of 1,3-(N-substituted phenyl carbamoyl ethyl)imidazole acid ionic liquid is 0.01-0.1 weight%, preferably 0.04-0.08 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic material is magnesium oxide and/or zirconium oxide, preferably magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The plastic is polyethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Layer: The plastic substrate further has transparent electrode layer. Preferred Property: The substrate has thickness of 10-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The selenium compound is sodium selenite, alkyl selenide, sodium selenide and ammonium selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and chlorinated hydrocarbyl compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The components (a) and (b) optionally together with other components, are processed in a casting process to solar modules or components of solar modules, or to a molding mass, which is used for manufacturing solar modules or components of solar modules. The molded part is a light concentrator or a converging lens. The converging lens comprises a convex portion. The converging lens exhibits a plano-convex structure. The converging lens is a Fresnel lens. The solar cell module further comprises a photovoltaic element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises N-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)-N'-(2-ethyl-phenyl)-oxalamide (Ia). The concentration of (I), preferably (Ia), in the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate containing element, is as given in the formula of the specification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molding mass or a cast monomer mixture comprises at least one 1-18C alkyl(meth)acrylate homopolymer or 1-18C alkyl(meth)acrylate copolymer. The molding mass or the cast monomer mixture comprises at least one copolymer comprising methyl methacrylate units (80-99 wt.%) and 1-10C alkyl acrylate units (1-20 wt.%), preferably methyl acrylate- and/or ethyl acrylate units. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = CH3, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, eicosyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl (all optionally substituted by optionally branched alkyl).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A base plate of the support structure is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent texture layer is a cover glass or a transparent glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion layer comprises amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, or microcrystalline silicon germanium. The photoelectric conversion layer comprises II-VI compound material including cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The anode electrode comprises porous activated carbon, graphite, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, disordered carbon, titanium-oxide material, vanadium-oxide material, phospho-olivine material, mesoporous ceramic material or their composite. The electrolyte comprises aqueous sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and/or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The cathode and anode electrodes respectively comprise 80-90% active cathode material, 0-10% conductive additive, and 0-10% binder material. The conductive additive comprises carbon black, graphite, nonreactive metal, and conductive polymer. The binder comprises PTFE, PVC, cellulose-based material, polyvinylidene fluoride, or other non-reactive non-corroding polymer material. The binder material comprises hydrated birnessite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine compound is of formula: R1-N(-R2)-C(=O)-O-.HN+(-R4)(-R6)-R5, R2-N+(-R1)(-R3).HO-C(=O)-O-.HN+(-R4)(-R6)-R5 or R2-N+(-R1)(-R3).HO-C(=O)-OH. The film mirror comprises compound which acquires amine as acid generator.R1-R6=H, hydroxy, heterocyclic group, high-molecular compound group or its derivative, or 1-30C aliphatic alkyl, alicyclic alkyl, aryl or aralkyl (all optionally substituted by functional group).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl chloride base material is soft vinyl chloride base material, and contains reinforcing material. The adhesive layer (6) contains urethane-type resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, epoxy resin and/or chloroprene rubber. The module further has another adhesive layer (A) between power generating component and adhesive layer (6). Preferred Property: The adhesive layer (6) has thickness of 80 mu m or less. The thickness of adhesive layer (A) is more than the thickness of adhesive layer (6). Preferred Process: The vinyl chloride base material has a peripheral portion, through which power generating component and weather-resistant layer are not laminated. Another solar cell module is connected through the peripheral portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The energy level of conduction band of metal oxide layer is more than -4.5 eV. The negative electrode contains metal or its alloy whose ionization tendency is more than hydrogen. The negative electrode contains copper, silver and/or their alloy. The metal oxide contained in metal oxide layer is chosen from titanium oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gas barrier film substrate has a resin film (1a) and a gas barrier layer (1b). The organic thin film solar cell further has a hole collection layer containing polyethylene dioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate, between positive electrode and organic photoelectric conversion layer. The hole collection layer contains molybdenum oxide and/or vanadium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangements: The solar cell module further has cured coating film layer interposed between sealing agent layer and water-impermeable sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon-oxide particles is 0.1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of hydroxyl-containing fluorine polymers in coating composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating composition further contains an isocyanate hardening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The base material in FTO film is ceramic, glass, heat-resistant plastic of polyimide form, and/or metal. The base material of double-film structure is hard glass, compliant glass, super soft glass, glass ribbon, and/or glass roll.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nano-rod upper layer is formed using metal, ceramics, polymer, transparent conductive oxide, semiconducting material, insulating material, nanoparticles, nanowire, nano board, nitride, sulfide, boron compound, carbon, nanocarbon, silicon, silica, organic compound, organometallic compound, alkali compound, salt, biomass, and/or biochemical substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat melting resin is selected from one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin homopolymers, propylene-propylene copolymer, propylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene - ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, polyolefin copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene ethyl acrylate polymer (EEA), ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), and ethylene - methacrylate copolymer (EGMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The two ends of the stainless steel tube is provided with an outer screw thread. The magnetic shielding filler is polypropylene magnetic shielding filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silicon dioxide is nanometer fumed silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polyaniline is chosen from one of anionic polyaniline, cationic polyaniline or non-eigenstate polyaniline. The sodium polyacrylonitrile is hydrolytic sodium polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is selected from one of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and/or strontium titanium oxide. The metal alkoxide is selected from one of titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetrachloride, titanium nitrate and/or titanium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium compound are utilized to manufacture polymeric electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Acrylonitrile is utilized as solvent. Tripropylamine is utilized to manufacture polymeric electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hole transport material is of formula (I) -(VI).R=alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or carbazole;R1=alkyl or thiophenyl;R2=alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, naphthyl or carbazole;R'=alkyl phenyl or naphthyl;R"=alkyl alkoxy or phenyl R"'=alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl or naphthyl;R'1=alkyl, alkoxy, or aromatic and hydroxy group;andl=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The housing is formed of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and/or zinc-coated steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat insulator is formed of a resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The transparent flexible continuous frontside sheet comprises one or more materials selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and a transparent metal oxide. The flexible continuous backside sheet comprises an aluminum sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The cut-off area is at least about 2 inches wide. The cut-off area is spaced apart from each of the two PV modules by at least 0.5 inches. The transparent flexible continuous frontside sheet has a thickness of 3-30 mils. The flexible continuous backside sheet has a thickness of 5-80 mils. Each PV module is configured to provide electrical power output at a voltage of 10-30 V at typical operating conditions. The backside sheet is at least 12 inches wide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The second portion comprises a metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The valve metal consists of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, and/or niobium. The metal oxide comprises titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyoxometalate and/or its compound is a heteropolyacid and/or its compound, each of which contains silicon or at least two addenda atoms, which is a metal complex of formula (Ax(B1D112O40)yH2O) (II). (I) is substituted phenylene compound of formula (III) or (V) or substituted phenoxy compound of formula (IV). The polyoxometalate and/or its compound is present at 0.01-3 mass%. (I) is present at 0.1-5 mass%. The coating in a gel form is obtained from the amorphous polyoxometalate and/or its compound deposited so as to have a three-dimensional network structure upon absorbing an electrolytic solution on it. The non-aqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte in a gel form obtained when a polymer compound is gelled upon absorbing an electrolytic solution containing the solvent and the electrolyte salt.A = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Al, NH4, quaternary ammonium salt or phosphonium salt;B1 = P, Si, As or Ge;D1 = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Rh, Cd, In, Sn, Ta, W, Re or Tl;x = 0-7;y = 0-50;R13, R19 = aliphatic alkyl, alicyclic alkyl or phenyl, where a part or all of H of R13, R19, R7 may be optionally substituted with a halo;R14-R17, R20-R24, R8-R12 = H or halo; andR7 = tertiary alkyl, quaternary alkyl, phenyl or alkoxy. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The beta sultone is 2-hydroxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane sulfonic acid. The solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethyl ether, 1,2-diethyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The ionic liquid is selected from alkyl substituted imidazolium tetrafluoroborates, acetates, trifluoromethanesulfonate and/or nitrates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix polymer is prepared from group of polybenzimidazoles (PBI), polybenzobisoxazoles (PBO), polybenzobisthiazoles (PBT), polyoxadiazoles, polyquinoxalines and polythiadiazoles (where some fraction of ring nitrogens are hydroxyethylated), and a beta sultone of formula (I). The matrix polymer is prepared from a polybenzimidazole (PBI) made from the polymerization or copolymerization of 3,4-diaminobenzoic, 3,3',4,4'-tetraminobiphenyl with terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid, or their derivatives.R1-R4=H or F to produce the N-substituted sulfopropyl derivative of the polyazole polymer chosen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is mixed oxides or heteropolyacids and their salts. (I) is iron-silver-X-oxide, iron-vanadium-X-oxide, silver-X-vanadium-oxide, cerium-X-oxide, or iron-X-oxide, where X is molybdenum or tungsten. The solid medium is metal meshes, fibrous nonwoven webs or mats of glass fibers, or gas diffusion media composed of carbon. (I) has a mean primary particle diameter of 10-50 nm. (I) is in the form of agglomerated particles, where the agglomerates have a mean diameter of 20 nm to 50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive, carbonaceous material has a BET surface area of 20-1500 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer is halogenated (co)polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass, quartz, transparent plastic, sapphire, or flexible material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Layer (I) is a P-type semiconductor and layer (II) is an N-type semiconductor, or vice versa. The material of P-type semiconductor is a transparent conductive oxide chosen from copper aluminum oxide, copper gallium oxide, copper scandium oxide, copper chromium oxide, copper indium oxide, copper yttrium oxide, and silver indium oxide. The material of N-type semiconductor is a transparent conductive oxide chosen from zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide. The material of group III-V polycrystalline semiconductor layer is gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum-gallium arsenide, gallium-indium arsenide, aluminum-gallium phosphide, gallium-indium phosphide, aluminum-gallium arsenide phosphide, indium-gallium arsenide phosphide, and/or aluminum-gallium-indium arsenide phosphide, or gallium nitride, indium nitride, gallium-aluminum, aluminum-gallium nitride, aluminum-indium nitride, and/or aluminum-indium gallium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon nanotube salts are obtained by reduction of the nanotube producing negatively charged nanotube with positive counter ions. The carbon nanotube salts are obtained by addition, under anaerobic conditions, of a salt of formula (A+B-), where A+ represents an alkaline ion salt and B- represents an anion of a polyaromatic compounds. The carbon nanotube salts are obtained by mixing an alkaline metal A and carbon nanotube, where the mixture is carried out at a temperature of 150-400 degrees C. The carbon nanotube salts are dissolved in a polar organic solvent comprising sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, or N-methyl formamide. The step (c) is performed by dissolving filter membrane in medium chosen depending on the nature of the membrane to be dissolved, then introducing a transparent substrate in the medium under supernatant carbon nanotube film. Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube is single-walled or multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The concentration of the organic solution of carbon nanotube salts is 0.001-10 g/l. The thickness of the film obtained in step (b) on filter membrane is 0.7-1000 nm, preferably 1-500 nm. The filter membrane is made of alumina. The transparent substrate is an inorganic substrate such as glass, quartz, mica or ceramic, or a rigid plastic substrate, a flexible plastic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene sulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester, polyimide, polyether ether ketone, polyetherimide, acrylic resins, olefin-maleimide copolymer and norbornene-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified polyolefin layer contains graft modified polypropylene. Preferred Properties: The film (A) containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polylactic acid, has breaking strength of 150-250 MPa and breaking elongation of 100-150%. The film (A) containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or para-aramid, has breaking strength of 250-480 MPa and breaking elongation of 80-170%. The film (A) containing polyethylene terephthalate, has breaking strength of 150-250 MPa and breaking elongation of 170% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound (A) has structural unit (I) in principal chain. The high molecular compound (B) has structural unit (IV) in principal chain. The high molecular compound (A) has bivalent group containing arylene group, bivalent heterocyclic group, vinylene group and metal atom. The structural (I) is of formula: -(Ar6-C=C-Ar7)- (I-2). The structural unit (IV) is of formula: -(Ar8-C(=A3)-C(=A4)-Ar9)- (IV-2). The high molecular compound (B) has number average molecular weight of 103-108 by polystyrene conversion.Ar7-Ar9=bivalent group containing arylene group, bivalent heterocyclic group, vinylene group or metal atom. Preferred Definitions:    Ar3,Ar33=group having quinoid structure;and    Ar4,Ar5=thiophene diyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer segment (b) is of formula (II), and is derived from precursor having number average molecular weight of 1000-50000 measured based on polystyrene conversion. The polymer segment (b) has hydrocarbon group-containing structural unit (i) and hydrocarbon group-containing structural unit (ii) in molar ratio of 100:0-50:50, or hydrocarbon group-containing structural unit of formula (iii) and hydrocarbon group-containing structural unit of formula (iv). The polymer segment (a) has sulfo group-containing repeating unit of formula (III).X'=halo, nitro, -SO2CH3 or -SO2CF3;e=1 or 3;f=2 or 4;Ar11-Ar13=bivalent group having benzene ring, condensed aromatic ring or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring and optionally substituted by fluoro;Y'=-CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -(CF2)u-, -C(CF3)2- or direct bond;u,l=1-10;Z=-O-, -S-, direct bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -(CH2)l- or -C(CH3)2-;R22=direct bond, -O(CH2)p'-, -O(CF2)p'-, -(CH2)p'- or -(CF2)p'-;p'=1-12;R23,R24=H, alkali metal atom, aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic group containing alicyclic group or oxygen, at least one of R23 and R24 is H;v=0-4;w=1-5;y=0-1;andz=0-3. Preferred Definitions:    p=2-150.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The transparent substrate comprises a hindered amine light stabilizer having a weight average molecular weight of 2000 or more and a melting point of 100 degrees C or more. An organic pigment is supported as sensitizing dye (7) in the semiconductor layer. The film-type solar cell has a thickness of 300 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silane-modified plate-shaped inorganic fine particles are obtained by contacting 0.1-10 parts weight of silane compounds with 100 parts weight of inorganic fine particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite base material contains 100 parts weight of polymer and 3-80 parts weight of silane-modified plate-shape inorganic particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Tube is made from aluminum alloy or fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pattern comprises nickel. The transparent or translucent conductive material comprises a transparent conductive oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pattern comprises a directly electroplateable resin (DER).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic cell further comprises: a hole blocking layer (150) between the photoactive layer and the first electrode or between the photoactive layer and the mesh electrode; and a hole carrier layer (130) between the photoactive layer and the first electrode or between the photoactive layer and the mesh electrode. The mesh electrode comprises: an electrically conductive material, where the electrically conductive material is metals, alloys and/or polymers; wires, where the wire comprise a coating including an electrically conductive material comprising metals, alloys and/or polymers; an expanded mesh; or a woven mesh. The electron acceptor material comprises a substituted fullerene. The first electrode comprises a mesh electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductive material comprises a metal oxide comprising a tin oxide or zinc oxide, where the tin oxide comprises a fluorinated tin oxide or an indium tin oxide. The hole blocking layer comprises a material comprising lithium fluoride and/or metal oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises: a material comprising polythiophenes (preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene)), polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylvinylenes or polyisothianaphthalenes. The hole carrier layer comprises a material comprising polythiophenes, polyanilines, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes and/or polyisothianaphthanenes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anti-reflection layers are made of silicon oxide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anti- reflection layer is made of polymer-based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material of the inorganic nanostructure comprises titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, zinc oxide, iron(III) oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, indium nitride, indium gallium nitride, gallium nitride, lead sulfide, bismuth sulfide, copper-indium-gallium-selenium, copper-indium-gallium-sulfur and/or alloys. The inorganic nanostructure comprises titanium dioxide doped with a transition metal ion or Lanthanide ion, II-VI semiconductor and two oxide. The metal nanostructure comprises gold, silver, platinum and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer comprises poly-paraphenylene, poly-p-phenylenevinylene, poly-thiophene, poly-fluorene, poly-pyrrole, poly(2-methoxy5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)p-phenylenevinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3', 7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), poly(3- hexylthiophene) and their copolymer or derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective polymer layer is made of polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC) or polylactic acid (PLA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Imidation ratio is greater than or equal to 97 (99)%. Breaking elongation is 50% after preservation for greater than or equal to 3500 hours at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity, with respect to breaking elongation before preservation. Preferred Components: Polyimide (B) is polyether imide. Polyester film contains resin with 1-30 (1-20) wt.% polyester (A) and 70-99 (80-99) wt.% polyimide (B). Polyester (A) is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, their modified body, and/or copolymers. Terminal carboxyl group (-COOH) concentration of the polyester (A) is less than or equal to 25 eq/ton. Moisture content of polyester film at 25 degrees C and 60% relative humidity after 24 hours is less than or equal to 0.59 wt.%. Preferred Process: Polyimide (B) pellet is melted for greater than or equal to 10 hours and imidated at 180-240 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The current collector is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer of the strip comprises polyester or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The roofing section consists of a thermal insulation material such as expandable polyurethane, rock wool or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from a mixture of multiple alcohols, terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate and lecithin or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer part is selected from ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin or a mixture of multiple acrylic resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal foil is portion of an assembly including at least one film of another material which is electrically insulating, preferably a plastics material. The assembly is formed by depositing metal foil on an electrically insulating material, preferably a plastic film. The metal foil is deposited on a porous film of plastics material by sputter coating, chemical vapor deposition or cathodic arc deposition (Arc-PVD). The solar cell comprises transparent layer preferably chosen from glass and plastics material, free of transparent conductive oxide layer. The metal foil is titanium foil. Metal oxide semiconductor is titania. The metal foil has porous surface area of less than 20%, preferably less than 10%. At least 80% of pores (12) has size of 0.5-200 microns. The metal foil has thickness of 5-500 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The piston is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Precursor is manufactured by mixing azulminic acid, transition metal, and solvent and removing the solvent. A sample of the nitrogen-containing carbon material is heated up to 1000 degrees C for 60 minutes in the nitrogen stream at 200 Ncc/minute of atmospheric pressure. Preferred Compositions: Atomic ratio of nitrogen atom to carbon atom (N/C) in nitrogen-containing carbon material is 0.03-0.6. Preferred Parameters: X-ray diffraction figure acquired using copper-potassium (CuK) alpha ray as X-ray source shows a peak in the position whose diffraction angle (2 theta ) is 24-26.5 degrees , and the half value width of the peak is less than or equal to 7.5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbodiimide compound is of formula (C).Q=2-4 valent group chosen from aliphatic group, alicyclic group and aromatic group (all optionally containing hetero atoms).The cyclic carbodiimide compound is contained in an amount of 0.05-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the copolyester. EXAMPLE - Ortho nitrophenol (0.11 mol), 1,2-dibromo ethane (0.05 mol), potassium carbonate (0.33 mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (200 ml) were reacted and the obtained solid substance was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml). The organic layer was spin-dried to obtain an intermediate (A). The intermediate (A) (0.1 mol), 5% palladium/carbon (1 g), ethanol/dichloromethane (200 ml), triphenylphosphine dibromide (0.11 mol) and 1,2-dichloroethane (150 ml) were reacted in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an intermediate (B). The reaction mixture containing intermediate (B) was liquid-separated to obtain triphenylphosphine intermediate (C). The intermediate (C), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.11 mol), N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (0.055 mol) and dichloromethane (150 ml) were reacted to obtain 11,14-dioxa-2,4-diaza-tricyclo(13.4.0.05,10)nonadeca-1(15),2,3,5(10),6,8,16,18-octaene (cyclic carbodiimide). 6,6'-(Ethylenedioxy)-di-2-naphthoic-acid diethyl (69.9 mol), 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (30.0 mol) and ethylene glycol (16.7 kg) were polycondensed in presence of titanium trimellitate, titanium tetrabutoxide and trimellitic acid anhydride to obtain aromatic polyester (PA1) with intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl/g. Similarly, an aromatic polyester (PB1) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.61 dl/g was manufactured. The cyclic carbodiimide and the aromatic polyester (PA1) were mixed in the mass ratio of 1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the polyester (PB1) to obtain a polyester resin composition. The composition was extruded to obtain an environmentally-friendly biaxially stretched film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive layer (I) is indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide and gallium zinc oxide. The inorganic functional layer is quantum dot of zinc sulfide, nickel oxide, zinc selenide (ZnSexS1x), cadmium sulfide, cadmium (Cdx) or vanadium sulfide (VxS). The conductive layer (II) is material of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, indium, and an alloy of copper, gold or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin is polypropylene. The content of polyolefin resin is 10-45 weight%. Preferred Method: The composite sheet is formed by integrally laminating a sheet containing polyolefin resin layer and a sheet containing water-absorption diffusible fiber woven fabric layer by heat sealing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The body has 80 to 45 mass percentages of fluorine resins, 20 to 45 mass percentages of methacrylic acid ester resin, 0 to 5 mass percentages of epoxy resins, and 0 - 5 mass percentages of silicone resin. The anchor layer and the top layer are made of fluorination vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin. The flexible solar cell module is formed of the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and the resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoelectric conversion element contains a mixture layer consisting of a mixture containing the fullerene derivative. The electron donor is a heterocyclic high molecular compound, preferably porphyrin compound, phthalocyanine compound, polythiophene or copper-phthalocyanine complex. Preferred Method: The mixture layer is formed by coating the solution in which the mixture containing the fullerene derivative and the compound of the electron donor is dissolved, and by vapor-depositing the fullerene derivative of the electron acceptor, and the compound of the electron donor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nitrogen doping is by heat-processing in ammonia atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Particle is silica. Preferred Parameters: Electroconductive metal oxide thin film used in the manufacturing method has a thickness of 100-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Corrugated layer contains polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Transparent substrate is made of glass, quartz, transparent plastic, or mono-crystalline aluminate (Al2O3). Group III-V polycrystalline semiconductor layer is made of indium nitride (InN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), aluminum arsenide (AlAs), aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), or gallium arsenide (GaAs).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent substrate is made of mono-crystalline aluminum oxide (Al2O3), glass, quartz, transparent plastic, or flexible transparent materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ecological wetland pool body comprises a pebble layer, an oxide layer and a soil layer. The ecological wetland pool body is made of the pebble layer from top to bottom. The soil denitrifying layer is formed with the oxide layer and the soil layer. The pebble layer comprises small pebbles layer and a large pebble layer, where the large pebbles layer is set at the bottom of the ecological wetland pool bottom. The large pebble layer is placed on the small pebble layer. The water inlet tank comprises a water inlet and a guide hole. The water inlet is connected to the outer water inlet channel. The water inlet is set inside the water tank. The guide hole is placed inside in the water tank and the anaerobic tank. The inner wall of the fermenting tank is equipped with a plastic coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery groove is made of Acrylonitrile, Butadiene, and Styrene material engineering resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyester film contains a terminal blocking agent of isocyanate compounds, carbodiimide compounds and epoxy compounds in an amount of 0.1-5 mass% of the polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The pigment filler is body filler and/or titanium white pigment. The body filler is calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, kaolin, silicate, mica powder, and aluminum hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The defoaming agent is organic silicon defoaming agent. The active diluent is dodecyl glycidyl ether or tetradecyl glycidyl ether, epoxy propane butyl ether or cardanol glycidol ether. The wet dispersing agent is EFKA4010, EFKA4009, AFCONA 5044, and BYK110. The defoaming agent is preferably AFCONA-2020, AFCONA-3239, AFCONA-2720, and AFCONA-2018. The castor oil derivative is hydrogenated castor oil and/or oxidized castor oil. The amine material is cardanol modified phenolic aldehyde amine, fatty amine, polyamide and mercaptan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The epoxy resin is polyurethane modified E-52D epoxy resin, SM-828 epoxy resin, E-44 epoxy resin, E-51 epoxy resin, and nanorubber modified E-44 epoxy resin. The active diluent is epoxy active diluent. The wet dispersing agent is high molecular weight wet dispersing agent. The flattening agent is polyacrylate, organic silicon, and polyester flattening agent. The thixotropic agent of the putty is castor oil derivative and/or polyamide. The thixotropic agent of the curing agent is polyamide, fumed silica, bentonite and BYK-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The baffle is made of one or more of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte layer is a layer comprising at least one of lithium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium chromium phosphate, and lithium phosphorus sulfide. The second electrolyte comprises first material selected from lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), and Li(C2F5SO2)2N; and a second material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second material is selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, silicon gel, acrylic gel, acrylonitrile gel, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and fluorine-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing layer is plastic, glass, ceramic or foil or polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, glass ceramic or foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulating material comprises ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The intrinsic semiconductor is formed using any one of amorphous silicon, single crystalline silicon, and polycrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The bonding layer has an optical transmission of at least 85% (preferably 95%) at a wavelength of at least 800 nm, and has a thickness of 10-100 nm. The electrically conductive carbonaceous component comprises carbon nanotubes, where the carbon nanotubes have cross-sectional thickness of 1-2 nm. The binder component comprises a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a semiconductor oxide, a semiconductor nitride, a polymer or a silicone. The second semiconductor wafer layer absorbs light in a spectral range, and where the bonding layer has an optical transmission of at least 85 percent throughout the spectral range. The bonding layer has a vertical electrical resistance of at most 1 Ohm-cm2. The bottom subcell is grown lattice-matched or nearly lattice-matched to the bottom substrate and the top subcell is grown lattice-matched or nearly lattice-matched to the top substrate, where the top substrate is of a different type than the bottom substrate. Preferred Method: The growing the top subcell step comprises growing at least two top subcells inverted on the top substrate. The method further comprises applying a top contact to the top subcell and a bottom contact to the bottom substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder component is alumina, titania, hafnia, silica, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, and/or indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotubes contain multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second solvent comprises trifluoroacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composite: The composite further comprises a second polymer different from the first polymer, where the second polymer is a conjugated polymer; and a short chain fluorinated carboxylic acid in a concentration of 0.1 parts per million to 1 parts per thousand of the composite. The composite film is soluble in water or organic solvents. The composite comprises carbon nanotubes (1-10 wt.%). Preferred Method: The method further involves adding at least a second polymer different from the first polymer to the mixture solution, where the first polymer or the second polymer comprises an electrically conducting polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cover plate glass and the conductive glass are fixedly connected with a fixing frame that is made of an aluminum alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Article: The molded article has a curable resin composition on the surface of a base material which is in the form of sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The aluminum-silicon alloy powder has size of 0.5-8 mu m. The aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder. The weight ratio of silicon powder and aluminum powder is 25:100. The functional additive is boron, boron oxide and/or gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic carrier is formed by dissolving polymer and organic solvent. Preferred Composition: The polymer is ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin and/or acrylic resin. The organic solvent is alcohol, terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, lecithin and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halogen composition with redox pair comprises iodine and/or iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The gel-type polymer electrolyte composition has number average molecular weight of 2000-8000. Preferred Composition: The gel-type polymer electrolyte composition contains polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol block copolymer of formula: (A)l-(B')m-(A)m. The gel-type polymer electrolyte composition further contains silica having diameter of 7-15 nm, and halogen composition having redox pair.A=polyethylene glycol;B'=polypropylene glycol;andl-n=5-90 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dioxane, glycerol diglycidyl ether, benzene and toluene. The amount of catalyst is 0.01-5 mol% of the total mol number of material. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is chosen from tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3), palladium-tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (Pd(PPh3)4) and bis(triphenyl- phosphine)palladium(II) chloride (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2). The organophosphorus ligand is tris(o-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-Tol)3). The molar ratio of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand is 1:2-1:20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide bromo-compound of formula (A) or its derivative and organic tin-containing benzodithiophene of formula (B) are mixed and dissolved in an organic solvent in molar ratio of 1:1-1.5:1. Catalyst is added to the solution and Stille coupling reaction is performed at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours in anaerobic environment to obtain solution of conjugated polymer. Preferred Method: Purification process of solution of the conjugated polymer is performed by adding solution of conjugated polymer in drops in methanol, carrying out sedimentation treatment, performing suction filtration, washing by methanol, and drying, dissolving obtained gel containing conjugated polymer in toluene, adding toluene solution in water solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, filtering through alumina column for chromatography after heating at 80-100 degrees C and stirring, then separating out conjugated polymer, reducing pressure to remove organic solvent after rinsing by chlorobenzene, and repeating the process at least once, carrying out Soxhlet extraction by acetone to obtain the solid of conjugated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synchronous hydrolysis is catalytic hydrolysis using a catalyst selected from substance of formula L-M-S'-H (A) or LM=S' (B). The catalyst is water-soluble substance capable of being converted to compound (A) or (B) in the water phase. The substance capable of converted to compound (A) or (B) is water-soluble metal inorganic salt and/or metal organic acid. The cellulose biomass is all biomasses including cellulose, preferably, cellulose biomass comprises woody plant, herbaceous plant, leftovers with cellulose in agriculture, forestry, vegetable and fruit processing industries; animal excrements; leftovers with cellulose in traditional Chinese medicine processing industry; and/or waste of crop. The cellulose biomass comprises lignin. The synchronous hydrolysis is performed in presence of alkali substance. The micromolecular organic substances are monosaccharide, polysaccharide, organic carboxylic acid, phenol, substituted phenol, amino acid, cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol.M=metal, carbon or silicon;S'=heteroatom comprising O, S or N; andL=ligand(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low-molecular weight dialcohol is 1,2-propylene ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene ethylene glycol, 3,4-diethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or neopentyl glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The VPI resin comprises mass% heat-resistance unsaturated polyester (20-30), unsaturated vinyl monomer (10-30), epoxy resin (20-30), polymer containing zinc (27-40) and amines epoxy accelerator (0.2-10). The epoxy resin contains n-butyl glycidyl ether, phenylethylene oxide, phenylglycidyl ether and polyhydroxypolyglycerolether. The amines epoxy accelerator is amines polyether, amines diene oxidized polyether or polyolefin polymer. The heat-resistance unsaturated polyester contains low-molecular weight dialcohol having 2-12C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cationic exchange resins is gel-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin having crosslinking degree of 6 %mass or less. The gel-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin has microporous structure having pore volume of 0.01 ml/g, specific surface area of 1 m2/g or more and particle size of 500 mu m or less. The functional group of strongly acidic cation exchange resin is sulfonic acid group. The parent structure of gel-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin is resin having crosslinked polystyrene skeleton. The carbonate ester is contacted with strongly acidic cation exchange resin by pouring the resin at 0-80 degrees C and rate of 1-200 SV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anti-reflective layer is formed using composition (in parts weight) containing silicon nitride (30-35), organic solvent (100), methyl p-toluene sulfonate (7-15), ethyl-2-(3-(6-nitrobenzene(d)thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate (5-11), polydiorganosiloxane (3-7) and volatile organic blowing agent (1-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-based conductive material is fine particles chosen from graphite, coke, activated carbon, carbon black and carbon nanotubes. The composition further comprises lithium-type active material, copper or aluminum, and styrene-based monomer and/or acrylate or methacrylate-based monomer. The lithium-type active material comprises complex oxide of lithium, iron or phosphorus oxide. Preferred Property: The particle diameter of carbon-based conductive material is 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer contains 30-100 weight% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The average molecular weight of binder resin is 200000-1100000. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline compound having oxazoline group, polymeric chain having oxazoline group, or acryl-based polymer having 1-4C alkyl oxazoline group. The styrene-based monomer is 1-4C alkyl substituted styrene or styrene. The acrylate or methacrylate-based monomer is methacrylate, ethacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyl oxyethyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl oxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxymethyl methacrylate, dimethylamino methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate or isobutyl methacrylate. The solvent is water, alcohol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, methanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, cyclohexanone, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone or dioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The acceptor element is at least one sort selected from boron, aluminum, and gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material is chosen from ceramics, heat-resistant plastic, metal and glass such as hard glass, compliant glass, super soft glass, ribbon glass or glass roll. The cross-sectional shape of FTO nanostructure is lozenge form or rectangular form. The material coated on the FTO nanostructure upper layer is chosen from metal, ceramics, polymer, transparent conductive oxide, semiconducting material, insulating material, nanoparticles, nanowire, nanoboard, nitride, sulfide, boron compound, carbon, nanocarbon, silicon, silica, organic compound, organometallic compound, alkali compound, salt, inorganic compound, biomass and biochemical substance. Further, tin (Sn) is used in the manufacturing of FTO film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid fuel has a length of 32 mm or more and a diameter of 8-40 mm, and is in the shape of octahedron, hexagon, square and/or cylinder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The optical initiators are arranged in the weight proportion of 0.2-10% on 25-93% of the film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains nitric acid. Indium tin oxide substrate and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent substrate are used in the manufacture of the solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent used in the manufacture of the optical catalyst is acetyl acetone. The organic solvent used in the manufacture of the paste composition is acetyl acetone, ethanol, terpineol or butylcarbitol. The surfactant in the paste composition is Triton X-100 (RTM: nonionic surfactant), lauric acid and/or hydroxy benzoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and/or propylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The functional filler paste is nano PBS. The additive agent especially adds the epoxy coupling agent except for the defoaming agent, dispersing agent, and tackifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The emulsifying base material is propylene latex modified emulsified asphalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particles are spherical silicon dioxide particles having an average diameter of at least 30 nm. The electron acceptor is a fullerene derivative, preferably (6,6)-phenyl-C6-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The electron donor comprises a polythiophene derivative, preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The hole-conducting layer has a thickness of 25-50 nm. The bulk heterojunction layer has a thickness of 150-250 nm. The conductive cathode layer comprises aluminum, and the anode layer comprises indium tin oxide (ITO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers in the hole-conducting layer are poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Preferred Composition: The content of silicon dioxide particles is at least 50 parts weight per 100 parts weight of PEDOT and PSS.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A polyurethane insulating layer is installed at the bottom of the water-receiving disc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organosilane coupling agent treated surface is formed by applying a solution of the organosilane coupling agent to the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer layer and drying. Preferred Components: The organosilane coupling agent treated surface comprises an aminosilane comprising 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N'-bis((3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or N-2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution of the organosilane coupling agent comprises polar organic solvent which is less than or equal to 8C alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant layer further comprises an organosilane coupling agent that may be the same or different than the coupling agent used to provide the treated surface of the tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer film. The tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer layer has a thickness of 10-200 mu . The encapsulant layer comprises a polymeric material comprising acid copolymers, ionomers of acid copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (preferred), poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, polyvinylchlorides, polyethylenes, polyolefin block elastomers, copolymers of alpha -olefins and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, silicone elastomers and/or epoxy resins. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The five layer structure is laminated and encapsulated at vacuum for 5-15 minutes and at 110-130 degrees C and laminating for 20-50 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first and second Teflon (RTM: PTFE) layers have thickness of 0.1-1.5 mm and transmittance is more than 95%. The first EVA glue layer and the thickness of the second crosslinking layer EVA is 2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The perfluoro structure-containing monomer is 1,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)perfluorobutane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The elastic modulus of microstructure layer is 0.3 GPa or more. Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains cationic polymerization initiator which is polymerization initiator which generates cation by ultraviolet ray, monomer component having at least two polymerizable functional groups and perfluoro structure-containing monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Electrolyte: In the gel electrolyte, the polymer is about 21 wt.%. The weight ratio of PAN to PEO is about 6:1.5:2, or 4:3. The lithium salt is one or more of lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, or lithium tetrafluoroborate, where the lithium salt is lithium perchlorate. The lithium salt is present in about 6.3-7.5 wt.%. The solvent is the carbonate solvent, where the carbonate solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, or a mixture. The solvent is the lactone solvent, where the lactone solvent is beta -propiolactone, gamma -butyrolactone, alpha -methyl- gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -crotonolactone, delta -valerolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, eta -caprolactone, or mixtures. The solvent is a mixture of the carbonate solvent and the lactone solvent. The carbonate solvent is propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate, and the lactone solvent is gamma -butyrolactone. The solvent is propylene carbonate. The solvent is gamma -butyrolactone. The solvent is a mixture of propylene carbonate and gamma -butyrolactone in a 1:1 ratio. Also, the solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate and gamma -butyrolactone in a 1:1 ratio. The gel electrolyte comprises: PAN in about 15 wt.%; PEO in about 6 wt.%; a lithium salt in about 6-8 wt.%; and a solvent comprising a carbonate solvent, a lactone solvent, or a mixture. Alternatively, the gel electrolyte comprises: 18-22 wt.% PAN; a lithium salt in about 6-8 wt.%; and a solvent comprising a carbonate solvent, a lactone solvent, or a mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane modified particles are obtained by contacting 0.01-10 parts weight of silane compound with respect to 100 parts weight of the inorganic particles. The film contains 3-50 parts weight of the modified particles with respect to 100 parts weight of the cycloolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The electro-conducting substrate is made up of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electro-conducting substrate is made up of metal plate such as steel, aluminum, titanium or metal oxide coated metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electro-conducting substrate is made up of polymer plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frames are made of plastic material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styren (ABS), polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonates, polyurethane, vinyl polychloride, polyamide, polystyrene, polyester and polyepoxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon-fiber yarn consists of converged superfine filaments of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The fluorine-fiber yarn is formed by extruding and spinning tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy ethylenic copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin composition comprises (in parts weight) polyolefin resin (100) and tackifying resin (0.1-50). The tackifying resin is terpene type resin. The polyolefin resin composition is an epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition, which is formed by introducing the epoxy-group-containing monomer into polyolefin resin by grafting reaction. The polyolefin resin is polyethylene. The epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition is obtained by melt-kneading polyolefin resin (a), radical polymerization initiator (b), epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer (c) and aromatic vinyl monomer (d). The content of epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer (c) is 0.1-50 weight% with respect to total of 100 weight% of components (a, c, d). Preferred Properties: The water-vapor-permeation rate of 400 mu m thickness solar cell sealing material, is 2.0 g/m2x day or less. The solar cell sealing material is sheet-like or film-like molded product, and has thickness of 50-3000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The titanium dioxide pigment is coated with one or more compounds comprising silica and alumina (both preferred), zinc oxide and/or zirconium oxide. The titanium dioxide pigments are surface treated with a silicone compound, a polyfunctional alcohol of an organosulfate compound and/or an organophosphate compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reflective adhesive film comprises at least a pigment-free and at least a pigment-containing sublayer, where the sublayer contains same polymeric material. The reflective adhesive film contains at least a plasticized polyvinyl acetate with a polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 20 wt.%. The reflective adhesive film has an alkali titer of greater than 0. The reflective adhesive film comprises at least a plasticizer comprising di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, diisononyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, triethylene glycol-bis-2-propylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-bis-iso-nonanoate, di-2-butoxyethylsebacate or triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate. The reflective adhesive film has a resistivity of at least 1E+11 ohm cm at an ambient humidity of 85% relative humidity at 23 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide pigment is coated with at least one compound comprising zinc oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or zirconium oxide, preferably with a mixture of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide. The titanium dioxide pigment is surface treated with a silicon compound, a polysiloxane, an organosulfate compound and/or an organophosphate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective adhesive film exhibits at least one plasticizer comprising di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, diisononyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, triethylene glycol-bis-2-propylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-bis-isononanoate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate or triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The reflective adhesive film comprises at least one pigment free sublayer and at least one pigment containing sublayer, where these sublayers comprise same polymer material. The reflective adhesive film comprises at least one plasticizer containing polyvinyl acetal with a polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 20 wt.%. The reflective adhesive film exhibits an alkali titer of greater than 0. The reflective adhesive film exhibits a specific resistance of at least 1E+11 ohm.cm, at an ambient humidity of 85% of relative humidity and at 23 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diisocyanate compound is selected from methylenediphenyl diisocyante (MDI), para-phenylene diisocyante (PPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), ortho-tolidine diisocyanate (TODD, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (preferably 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyante). The carbonate solvent comprises dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and/or vinylene carbonate (preferably propylene carbonate and/or ethylene carbonate). The lactone solvent comprises beta -propiolactone, gamma -butyrolactone, alpha -methyl- gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -crotonolactone, delta -valerolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone and/or epsilon -caprolactone (preferably gamma -butyrolactone).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The poly(alkyleneoxide) triol comprises glycerin-type poly(alkyleneoxide); and selected from compound of formulae (i)-(v) (preferably a group of formula (i)). The polymer is present in an amount of 25-50 (preferably 35) wt.%. The lithium salt comprises lithium perchlorate; and present in an amount of 3-6 wt.%.m, n, and p=number selected to form a polymer having molecular weight of 1000-100000 g/mol. EXAMPLE - Propylene carbonate and lithium perchlorate were mixed in a molar ratio of 12:1. The liquid electrolyte was stirred at room temperature, and poly(ethylene oxide) triol (7.4 g) was introduced followed by 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyante (1 g). The solution was mixed thoroughly and transferred to a polypropylene plate and kept at room temperature for 24 hours to complete the polymerization leading to the gel formation. The gel electrolytes thus obtained were kept in an oven at 50 degrees C for 12 hours to remove the excess solvent. The excess solvent lost in this step was estimated to be 1-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The clay is purified bentonite or synthetic smectite. A silylating agent is mixed with respect to raw material clay, with during manufacture of water vapor barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive is polyimide. The resin film contains polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The separator material has region having thickness of 3 nm or more, which contains 20 atomic% or more of chromium or gold along thickness direction, based on X-ray photoelectron microscopy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fuel for combustion which burns with engine (11) is high octane number fuel produced by gasoline, light oil, kerosene, fuel oil, biofuel, alcohol, town gas, natural gas, and/or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal insulation element is made up of polyurethane (PU) foam and gypsum. The adhesive element is made up of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film. The high transparency high-light-concentration film is made of Teflon (TEFZEL), polyester (PET) or polycarbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor of copper, gallium and indium is chosen from hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, chloride, acetylacetonate and alkyl formate. The solvent is chosen from water, alcohol, and acetone. The binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polypropylene carbonate. The copper-indium-selenium/copper-indium-gallium-selenium thin film is manufactured further using dispersing agent. The dispersing agent is chosen from ethylene glycol, thioacetamide, ethylene diamine and monoethylene diamine. The dopant is chosen from sodium, potassium, nickel, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectrode includes semiconductor oxide selected from a group consisting of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and strontium titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The catalyst is ammonia, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The silica compound is tetraethoxysilane. The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The additive is starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methyl methacrylate or polymethylacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is ferric chloride, nickel chloride, cupric chloride, magnesium chloride, palladium chloride, tantalum chloride, cobalt chloride and/or manganese chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is dimethylformamide, phenol and/or toluene, or ethanol, methanol and/or propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polymer(vinylpyrrolidone), polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic layer is formed of the solution process. Preferred Composition: The organic layer is a bulk heterojunction layer containing the fullerene compound and conjugated polymer material. The fullerene compound (I) is preferably of formula (II) or (III).Ar=aromatic compound or 6-membered ring aromatic compound (both optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, amino or alkylthio, more preferably 6C or more alkyl or alkoxy);R2'=H or optionally substituted substituent;andR3=optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cyano.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of metal composite layer is 0.10-0.38 mu m. The anti-abrasion particles have grain diameter of 0.2-2 mu m. The thickness of composite layer is 2-15 mu m. The thickness of plated layer of metal composite layer is 0.1-0.38 mu m. The thickness of anti-abrasion particles is 0.2-2 mu m and plating layer of wearable composite layer is 2-15 mu m. Preferred Component: The metal target is nickel, titanium, copper and/or chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anti-adhesive polymer in wear-resisting composite layer is polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The anti-adhesion polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid content of block copolymer is 0.5-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reducer is made of engineering plastics such as polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polycarbonate, PBT, U Polymer, polysulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyether imide, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyether-ether-ketone, the tetrafluoro-ethylene resin, pole leak furnace lot ripple lochia ethylene, hook lotto ripple lochia ethylene copolymer, perfluoro alkoxy, polyethylene terephthalate, high density molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene material, nylon6, cerazole, polyurethane and polyamide imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is platinum, palladium, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, platinum-M-alloy, palladium-M-alloy, M-N macro alloy or chalcogenide catalyst, where M is molybdenum, tungsten, tin, cobalt, chromium, gallium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper and/or zinc, and N is nitrogen. The electrode further consists of microporous layer containing Valcan XC-72 (RTM: carbon black), Valcan XC-72R (RTM: powdered carbon black), carbon aerogel, carbon cryogel, carbon xerogel, black paper 2000, Conductex 975 (RTM: conductive furnace carbon black), ketchen black, acetylene black, fullerene, activated carbon, carbon nano horn, carbon nanotube and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), PTFE or fluorinated ethylene-propylene. The microporous layer contains binder chosen from poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and fluorinated ethylene-propylene. The fuel cell system contains polyperfluorosulfonic acid, tetrafluoroethylene, polyperfluorocarboxylic acid, copolymer of fluorovinyl ether and arylketone, polyether ketone sulfide, poly(m-phenylene-5,5'-dibenzimidazole), poly(2,5-dibenzimidazole), perfluoropolymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide, polyether imide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone and/or polyphenyl quinoxaline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Layer: The gas diffusion layer is carbon paper or carbon cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quantum dot is made of cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and/or indium arsenide. The thickness of n-type semiconductor layer is 50-150 nm. The average particle diameter quantum dot is 5-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photosensitive moiety is of formula (I) or (II).asterisk=bonding region;L1,L2=-S-, -R1-S-, -N=C-, -R1=N-, -OOC-, -R1-OOC- or -O-POOR1R2-;R1,R2=H or -(CH2)p-;p=1-10;Q1-Q6=single bond or -(C(R3)(R4))q-;R3,R4=H, 1-20C alkyl or -OH, at least one is optionally substituted with -COO-, -NHCO-, -OCO-, -O- and/or -S-;q=1-20;T1=photosensitive functional group;andT2-T4=H, photosensitive functional group or 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, or 6-14C aryl (all optionally substituted), at least one is chosen from 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 6-14C aryl, hydroxy, halo, amino, thiol, or 1-10C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoactive layer and the light-emitting layer are made of material that is selected from one of poly (3- hexylthiophene), poly (3- octylthiopene), poly (3- decylthiophene), poly (3- hexadecylthio pen), polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polies (1- methoxy -4 - (0- disperse red 1) -2,5- phenylene - vinylene), polyindole, polycarbazole, poly pipe diazine, poly iso thianaphthalen, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises (in wt.%): synthetic rubber (5-30), and petroleum wax (10-80). Preferred Component: The synthetic rubber is chosen from styrene-butadiene-rubber, and styrene-isoprene-styrene synthetic rubber. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is chosen from ferric chloride, ferric chloride (III) hydrate, cupric chloride, ceric sulfate and iron sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer of the conductive polymer is pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and phenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The titanium dioxide working electrode in the cell has transparent conductive substrate (111), on which porous titanium dioxide film (112) is formed. The platinum counter electrode in the cell has transparent conductive substrate (121), on which platinum layer (122), and dye-absorbed layer (113) are formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyelectrolyte further contains solvent, iodide ion (I-) source and triiodide ion (I3-) source. The iodide ion (I-) source is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, alkylammonium iodide or imidazolium iodide. The concentration of iodide ion (I-) source is 0.4-0.6 M. The organic solvent is acetonitrile or polypropylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylate having vinyl groups is polyethylene glycol diarylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, glycerol propoxylate triacrylate, allyl acrylate or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer having hydroxyl groups is polyethylene glycol, polyglycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate or their mixture. The polyelectrolyte (100 parts weight) comprises acrylate (10-50 parts weight) having vinyl groups and polymer (20-50 parts weight) having hydroxyl groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyethylene naphthalate film has pencil hardness of 1B-1H, coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 20 ppm/ degrees C and total light transmittance of 85% or more. The size of nano diamond powder is 1-100 nm. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene naphthalate film further contains additive. The polyethylene naphthalate resin contains 10-50 weight% of copolymerizable naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transmissive cover is made of polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, transparency nylon, polyolefin group resin or polyester group resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of vinyl acetate is 20-35 wt.%. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide chosen from 2,5-dimethyl hexane-2,5-dihydro peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, t-butylperoxybenzene and/or benzoyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the upper hot melt film layer and lower hot melt film layer is selected from the vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, poly ester resin, polyethylene resin, polyamide resin and polyacryl resin. The thermoplastic electrometric material of the middle film layer is selected from the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin, thermoplastic polyether-ester elastomer (TPEE) resin, thermoplastic polyolefin resin (TPO) resin and thermoplastic polyamide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit powder comprises silica-lead oxide powder, silica-lead oxide-boron oxide powder, bismuth oxide-boron oxide-silica powder and/or lead oxide-bismuth oxide-boron oxide-silica powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder comprises butyl carbitol acetate, terpinol, cellulose and/or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive comprises acrylic resin, silicone resin, rubber resin, urethane resin, polyester resin and/or epoxy-based resin, preferably acrylic resin comprising acrylic copolymer having (meth)acrylate monomer and crosslinkable functional group-containing monomer. The content of adhesive is 100-900 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of aluminum powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nitrides or oxynitrides of zirconium, titanium, antimony, indium, tin, cerium, zinc, tantalum, niobium, hafnium or their mixtures, particularly zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide are utilized to prepare the lens. Tin dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide and molybdenum trioxide are the components that are utilized to prepare lens.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The silicon-based compound is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and/or SiCxHyOz, where x-z are not defined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material consists of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, and/or polyarylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The black solid precipitate washing and drying includes centrifugally separating obtained black solid precipitate, washing and centrifuging by absolute ethanol, where vol. ratio of water to ethanol is 1:1; washing using organic solvent until supernatant is colorless, and washing using deionized water to obtained black solid precipitate; vacuum drying for 36 hours at 40 degrees C. The conductivity of the carbon nanotube is 20-175 S/cm. The carbon nanotube is multiwall carbon nanotube with carboxyl functionalized and/or single-wall carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide is 1,1-di(t-hexylperoxy)cyclohexyl or 1,1-di(t-hexylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane. The content of organic peroxide is 5 parts mass or less with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    R1=tertiary hexyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (a), the release layer is deposited onto a belt (1), such as a steel belt, having an average surface roughness of less than or equal to 0.2 mu m, less than or equal to 0.1 mu m or less than or equal to 0.05 mu m. In step (a), a release layer material suited to facilitate the separating of a film in step (d) is deposited onto the belt, where silicon dioxide (SiO2) is deposited onto the belt and heated at 500-700 degrees C, sufficient to convert the structure of the release layer to be glass-like. Preferred component: The Copper Indium Gallium Selene (CIGS) or silicon (Si) is deposited in step (b) as active layer (15) of the solar cell film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Modified clay contains 1-30 wt.% silylating agent with respect to total weight of clay and silylating agent. Clay film contains 5-20 wt.% additive with respect to total weight of modified clay and additive. Clay is refined bentonite, synthetic smectite, mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, magadiite, ilerite, kanemite, illite, and/or sericite. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of clay film is 1-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Adhesive film is modified polyolefin resin e.g. epoxy-modified polyolefin resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, polyisobutylene resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer, and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Weather-resistant film is PET, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene (di)fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, and/or acrylic resin. Preferred Processes: Epoxy-modified polyolefin resin is obtained by melt-kneading epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer and aromatic vinyl monomer in the presence of radical polymerization initiator. A weather-resistant film (C) is laminated. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of PET film is 5-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separator is made of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The quenching medium is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, paraffin, silver nitrate and indium metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The front and back substrates are heated to 140-160 degrees C. The pressure is applied bi-directionally in the upright directions of the front and back substrates and is 101 kPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The catalyst metal microparticles are modified by a modification group having hydrophilicity. The modification group is chosen from nitric acid group, amino group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxyl group and halogen group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: In the other main surface of electroconductive connection component, silver is included as a structural component. The solder contains tin-lead as structural component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive agent comprises resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyethylene type resin is a metallocene type linear low density polyethylene. The polyethylene type resin is in the form of copolymer formed by copolymerizing the polyethylene type resin with alpha olefin and an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as a comonomer. The material has gel fraction of 25% or less. The material has average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion is 12-300000. The MRF differs for two or more layers of the material. The layer having high MRF is arranged as outermost layer, and the layer with low MFR is arranged as middle layer. The sealing material comprises polymerization initiator (0.02-0.2 %mass). The polymerization initiator is organic peroxide. The melt-molding is carried out at 50 degrees C or more of melting point of the polyethylene type resin. The resin composition has density difference of less than 0.05 g/cm3, and MFR difference of 1 g/10 minutes or more before and after melt-molding process. The content of the polymerization initiator differs in the two layers of the material. The layer with low content of the polymerization initiator is arranged as outermost layer, and the layer with high content of the polymerization initiator is arranged as a middle layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The solder contains tin-silver-copper or tin-lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The insulating support substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The graft polymer is the ethylene interpolymer grafted with an unsaturated organic compound (preferably maleic anhydride) containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one carbonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first encapsulant is ethylene-vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral. The second encapsulant is ionomer. The front and back substrates are glass or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-intentionally doped p-type conductivity layer is made of cadmium telluride and amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The grid wire comprises a metallic wire i.e. copper wire. The copper wire is coated with silver. The bus bar member comprises a copper tape including a silver coating on a portion of the surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bus bar tape has a web of electrically insulating material i.e. polyester polymer. The metallic wire has an electrically conductive, bondable coating i.e. thermoplastic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The transparent phosphor powder and the glass material have a common melting point of 1000 degrees C, and the ratio of the transparent phosphor powder in the transparent light conversion layer is 0.1-75 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monocrystalline silicon wafer is a p-type monocrystalline silicon wafer, a p-type polycrystalline silicon wafer, an n-type monocrystalline silicon wafer, or an n-type polycrystalline silicon wafer, the transparent phosphor powder is a superdispersion phosphor particle, the transparent light conversion layer is an oxygen-containing polymer with polycarbonate, polysiloxanes, and/or acrylatepolymer as its substrate, and the polymer has a high transmittance in a wide range of lambda of 400~1200 nm and its addition percentage is 0.1-50 wt.%. The transparent light conversion layer has epoxy resin filled in it. The transparent phosphor powder is a super-dispersion phosphor particle. The transparent thin layer has a thickness 2 mm and a transmittance more than 85%. The transparent phosphor powder has europium, cerium, praseodymium, terbium and lithium, added to it, and the addition of europium is 0.1-15%, cerium is 0-15%, praseodymium is 0-1%, terbium is 0-1%, and lithium is 0.1-30% by molecule percentage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transparent light conversion layer is made by fusing a transparent phosphor powder with a glass material, and bonded to an outer surface of the monocrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactive material is a hydrogen storage material of sodium aluminum hydride, potassium aluminum tetrahydride , lithium aluminum hydride, divalent cation alanates, divalent cation alanates mixed with monovalent alanates, borohydrides, borohydrides mixed with alanates, metal hydrides, alane, magnesium amide, lithium bromide complex (Li3B2NH10), magnesium hydride, and/or calcium hydride. The predetermined gas comprises hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and methane gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inert coating material comprises poly vinyl-diene difluoride, celluloses, polystyrene of a mixed molecular weight, polystyrene of a predetermined molecular weight, acrylic polymers, acetals, polyamides, polyimides, epoxys and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The nanocrystalline containing ceramic has average grain size of 10 microns or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphor consists of silicon, aluminum, titanium, germanium, phosphorus, boron, yttrium, alkaline earth element, sulfide element rare earth element, and/or nitride element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is epoxy resin, silicone resin, methacrylic resin (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), cyclic polyolefin (COP), alicyclic acrylate (OZ), allyl diglycol carbonate (ADC), acrylic resin, fluororesin, hybrid resin of silicone resin and epoxy resin, and/or urethane resin. The resin is methylphenyl silicone, dimethyl silicone, and hybrid resin of methylphenyl silicone and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar-cell back sheet further has layer (d) which is laminated to the surface opposite to the surface where layer (b) and layer (c) are laminated. The layer (b) is polyolefin layer containing modified polyolefin type-resin obtained by grafting 1-30 parts weight of epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer with respect to 100 parts weight of polyolefin resin chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene/propylene copolymer, and has thickness of 5-250 mu m. The layer (c) is a polyester film having vapor deposition layer on single surface. The modified polyolefin type-resin of layer (d) is a modified polyolefin type-resin obtained by grafting 0.1-30 parts weight of aromatic vinyl monomers with respect to 100 parts weight of polyolefin resin. The layer (e) is polyester-type resin film or fluorine resin film. The solar cell back sheet has polymeric film layer containing resin chosen from polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. The layer (a) contains polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene fluoride, and polyethylene difluoride. Preferred Properties: The total thickness of layer (b), layer (c) and layer (d) is 100 mu m or more. The total thickness of layer (b) and layer (d) is larger than the thickness of layer (c). The thickness of layer (b) differs from the thickness of the layer (d). The thickness of layer (b) is larger than the thickness of layer (c). The adhesive strength of layer (a) and interlayer (a2) and the adhesive strength of layer (b) and interlayer (a3) are more than 2 (N/cm). The solar cell back sheet has water-vapor permeability of 0.00001-3 g/(m2.day) at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar organic solvent comprises a low molecular weight alcohol having less than or equal to 8 carbon atoms. The aminosilane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N'-bis((3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or N-2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethyl-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In method (I), the step (c) comprises applying a solution of the aminosilane coupling agent in a polar organic solvent to the second film layer and drying. The surface of the first film layer has been modified by a surface treatment including corona discharge treatment (preferred), flame treatment, plasma treatment, electron beam treatment, oxidation treatment, chemical treatment, chromic acid treatment, hot air treatment, ozone treatment, ultraviolet light treatment, sand blast treatment and/or solvent treatment. In methods (II) and (III), an additional layer is adhered to the surface of the encapsulant layer opposite the surface of the encapsulant layer that contacts portions of the surface of the second film layer. Preferred Components: The first film layer has a thickness of 25-200 microns. The second film layer comprises: an ethylene alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer (ethylene acid copolymer) or its ionomer; or a crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The second film layer further comprises an organosilane coupling agent that may be the same as or different from the aminosilane coupling agent used to treat the surface of the second film layer, provided that when the second film layer comprises the ethylene alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its ionomer, the organosilane coupling agent does not comprise an aminosilane. The encapsulant layer comprises the polymeric material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The multilayer film laminate has a specified light transmission level at wavelengths of 400-800 nm as determined according to methods in ASTM E424, where the light transmission level of the laminate exceeds that the transmission level of a comparison standard laminate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of Fe3O4 nanoparticle to poly-3-hexyl thiophene:(6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate is 0.5-2:100. The grain diameter of Fe3O4 nanoparticle is 8-15 nm. The lining is glass or soft lining; the anode layer is indium-tin oxide; the anode modifying layer is polythiophene derivative doped polystyrolsulfon acid; and the cathode layer is metal aluminum. The mass concentration of chloroform solution of poly-3-hexyl thiophene is 1-2%. The mass concentration of chloroform solution of (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate is 0.5-2%. The thickness of the optically active layer is 100-250 nm. Preferred Process: The preparation mixed solution of poly-3-hexyl thiophene:(6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticle comprises mixing chloroform solution of poly-3-hexyl thiophene and chloroform solution of (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate, and taking mixed solution; and adding oleic acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle to mixed solution, ultrasonically dispersing, taking mixed solution of poly-3-hexyl thiophene: (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyisocyanate is activated polyisocyanate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is zinc oxide or titanium oxide, and has average particle diameter of 0.5-500 nm. The content of metal oxide is 1-25 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic ultrafine powder in the diaphragm coating slurry is 1-20 mass%. The inorganic ultrafine powder is alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, and/or zirconia powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, butanone, N-methyl pyrrolidone and/or tetrahydrofuran. The solvent which does not dissolve PVDF-HFP, is ethanol, n-butyl alcohol, isopropanol, cyclohexane, deionized water, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and/or propyl methyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene in the PVDF-HFP powder is 100:1-100:20. The content of PVDF-HFP in the coating slurry is 2-30 %mass. The content of solvent which does not dissolve PVDF-HFP in the coating slurry is 1-30 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide is peroxy ketal and/or peroxy ester. The crosslinking adjuvant comprises maleimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The Mooney viscosity of rubber component (a) is 90 (ML(1+4)100 degrees C) or less. Preferred Composition: The rubber component (a) comprises ethylene-propylene-diene rubber having amount of diene of 4-9 %mass. The compounding quantity of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber is 5-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of rubber component (a). The compounding quantity of crosslinking agent is 1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of rubber component (a). The compounding quantity of crosslinking adjuvant is 0.1-3 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of rubber component (a). The rubber composition further contains carbon black and softener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic oxide is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mica microparticles have aspect ratio of 20-80 and average particle diameter of 1-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: The mica microparticles are synthetic mica microparticles. The content of mica microparticles is 5-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The sheet seals a to-be-sealed component in the intermediate layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Method: Ethylene-vinyl acetate resin is heat-melted to a viscosity which enables blowing, and melt-spun into fibrous form. Heating air is supplied in a quantity corresponding to the resilience of the resin. The fibrous resin is cooled to form a nonwoven fabric. The fabric is moved such that the thickness of fabric corresponds to the amount of resin which can seal the to-be-sealed component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing resin is selected from the group which consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic fuel is selected from a group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminum, iron, silicon, manganese, titanium, lithium, polyvinyl alcohol i.e. gelling agent. The gelling agent is the powder with 10-1000 micrometer, cellulose, acrylic or resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains alcohol. The substrate having porous semiconductor is immersed in the varnish and dye is absorbed to the semiconductor. Preferred Definitions:    one of R1-R4=H which carries out cation exchange with respect to quaternary ammonium salt, preferably tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, remaining is 1-20C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basic material is metal base material chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and copper hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte further contains a paste material containing (in weight%) zinc oxide (87-92.5), bismuth oxide (1-2), zinc (3-5), oxidation indium (0.5-1), activated carbon (3-5), water, and zinc salt activated substance. The weight ratio of paste material with respect to zinc salt activated substance is 1:0.5-0.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The composite nanotube has an outer diameter of 40-100 nm, an inner diameter of 10-50 nm, and a wall thickness of 15-25 nm. Preferred Composition: The electrodes contain composite nanotube and solid oxide electrolyte composition. The solid oxide is (yttrium,scandium)-doped zirconia, (gadolinium,samarium)-doped ceria, lanthanum-strontium-gallium-magnesium oxide (La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3), and/or (yttrium,lanthanum)-doped bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Dimethylformamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol are used as solvent in manufacture of composite nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode consists of indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, gallium-indium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide-indium oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, zinc indium oxide-indium tin oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum tin oxide, gallium, zinc, tin, aluminum or their complex oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer contains C61-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6 )-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester, perylene tetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, copper phthalocyanine, phenylenevinylene type polymer, polythiophene, poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4, 4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)), poly(3-hexylthiophene), polyparaphenylene vinylene, cyanine pigment, thioindigo pigment, melocyanine compound or cyanine compound. The buffer layer contains phthalocyanine derivative, naphthalocyanine derivative, low molecular weight, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline camphor sulfonic acid or 4,4'-dimethoxy dithiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of free radical type UV photo-curable adhesive to the positive ion type UV photo-curable adhesive in the mixed system is 10:1-1:10. The free radical type UV photo-curable adhesive comprises (in wt.%) basic resin (90-99.5), monomer (0.2-3), photo-initiator (0.1-3), and photosensitizer and auxiliary agent (0.2-6). The positive ion type UV photo-curable adhesive comprises (in wt.%) cationic monomer (90-99.5), diluent (0.4-8), and cationic photoinitiator (0.1-3). The monomer comprises styrene or its derivative, and mono-functional or poly-functional acrylamide. The photoinitiator comprises benzoin or its derivatives comprising benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, and benzoin isopropyl alcohol or acetophenone derivative. The photosensitizer comprises benzophenone, anthraquinone or Michler's ketone. The auxiliary agent comprises plasticizer, thixotropic agent, fillers, antistatic agent, crosslinking agent, flame retardant and coupling agent. The diluent comprises toluene, xylene, active epoxy resin diluent and cyclic ether, cyclic lactone, and vinyl ether monomer. The cationic photoinitiator is triaryl iodonium salt, triaryl sulfonium salt or triaryl selenium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base resin comprises unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin or multi-thiol?polyene system. The cationic monomer comprises epoxy resin or modified epoxy resin or a mixture of fluorinated and non-fluorinated or aliphatic and bisphenol D-type mixed epoxy resin. The acrylic resin comprises polyester-acrylate, epoxy-acrylate, carbamate-acrylate and polyether acrylate. The multi-thiol alcohol-polyene system comprises the following four substances: C(CH2-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-SH)4 (I); CH3(CH2)n-C-(CH2-O-C(=O)CH2)n-SH)3 (II); HS(CH2-CH2-O)n-CH2-CH2-SH (III); and HS(CH2-CH2-O)n-C(=O)-(CH2)n-SH (IV), where n is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction derivative is sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and/or pyridinium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte further contains oxidation-reduction derivative and organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A titanium tetraisopropanolate polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane is arranged under the ethylene vinyl acetate layer. The titanium tetraisopropanolate polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane is a three-layer structure. The outer layer is a polyvinyl fluoride protective layer (12), the middle layer is a polyethylene terephthalate-polyester thin layer (13) and the inner layer is a polyvinyl fluoride layer (14).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation Method: Quinoline derivative of formula (II), dioxolane compound of formula (III), palladium phosphine (Pd(PPh3)4) and Aliquat 336 (RTM: Phase transfer catalyst) are added and Suzuki condensation is performed under nitrogen protection using potassium carbonate solution as alkali solution and toluene as solvent at 90 degrees C to obtain perylene polyimide. Alternately, quinoline derivative (II), bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel, bromine compound of formula: Br-A1-Br are added and Yamamoto polymerization is performed using dimethylformamide or toluene as solvent at 80 degrees C to obtain perylene polyimide. Alternately, quinoline derivative (II), palladium phosphine and tin compound of formula: Me3Sn-A1-SnMe3 are added under nitrogen protection, and Stille polymerization is performed using aqueous potassium carbonate as alkali and toluene as solvent at 80 degrees C to obtain perylene polyimide. Alternately, quinoline derivative (II), linear compound of formula: HCC-A1-CCH palladium phosphine and copper iodide are added, and Sonogashira polymerization is performed using triethylamine and tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to obtain perylene polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultrafine reinforced powder is calcium carbonate, silica flour and diatomite, and has grain size of 0.5-5 mu m. The functional powder is chosen from silicon fine powder, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, and has grain size of 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic silicone condensed reaction catalyst is chosen from tin acetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tetrabutyl titanate and tetrabutyl tetraisopropyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The color padding agent is rutile-type titanium white powder, barium sulfate, mica powder, silicon micro-powder, carbon black and/or bright red pigment. The drying agent is organic tin catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is macromolecule carboxylic acid. The flatting agent is acrylate leveling agent. The light stabilizer is benzophenone ultraviolet absorbing agent and/or nano-zinc oxide light stabilizer. The wear-resistant additive is alumina/silica composite wear-resistant powder or VS-SP glass powder. The polishing powder is silicon dioxide. The environmentally-friendly organic solvent is butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, dibasic ester and/or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The fluorocarbon resin is obtained by copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene with vinyl ester monomer. The fluorocarbon resin has hydroxyl value of 30-85 mg potassium hydroxide/g, acid value of 0-15 mg potassium hydroxide/g, fluorine content of 20% or more and solid content of 50% or less. The curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate tripolymer. The antifoaming agent is the antifoaming agent without containing silicone macromolecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of methyl isobutyl ketone, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic particles and acetone is 7-9 parts weight, 3.5-4.5 parts weight and 1-2.5 parts weight, respectively. The adhesive agent further contains oil-soluble color material (0.3-0.42 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A mineral filler is added to the polymer. The polymer is in the form of liquid, gel, paste, or granules. Preferred Process: A portion of the cell is masked in a pattern before providing the polymer layer and the mask is removed before the solar cell is assembled in the solar module. The polymer layer is formed by applying the polymer by printing, spraying, casting and laminating, followed by curing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar power generating layer is made of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), high density polyethylene (HDPE), flexible polypropylene, reinforced PVC, thermoplastics polyolefin such as linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), polyurea, polyamide and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass and bitumen- impregnated non-woven geotextile and polyester reinforced thermoplastics polyolefin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The HRE is formed from a conductive material that is selected from a group consisting of copper, iron, steel and aluminum. The HRE is partially coated with a heat absorption material that is selected from a group consisting of niobium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, barium, vanadium, tantalum and thorium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The laminated film further contains an ultraviolet-blocking layer containing inorganic-type ultraviolet-blocking material. The wavelength conversion material is perylene-type pigment. The content of wavelength conversion material is 0.005-0.1 %mass with respect to 100 %mass of resin composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-type copolymer or vinylidene fluoride polymer. The resin composition further contains inorganic-type ultraviolet-blocking material (16).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The active layer contains optionally substituted fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further contains structure of formula: -(CC)-. At least one of electron donor and electron-accepting compound has structure of formula: -(Ar4-CC-Ar5)-. The electron donor is optionally substituted polythiophene. The electron-accepting compound is benzothiazole structure-containing high molecular compound or quinoxaline structure-containing high molecular compound.Ar4=carbazole diyl;andAr5=metal-containing bivalent group.Preferred Property: The high molecular compound has number average molecular weight of 103-108, based on polystyrene conversion. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=carbazole diyl or thiophene diyl;    Ar2=-(Pt(-P(R1)3)2)-;and    R1=alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of monomer having ring structure is 70-80 wt.%. The amount of copolymerizable monomer having ring structure is 15-30 wt.%. The copolymerizable monomer having ring structure is alkyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate, carboxyl group-containing monomer, oxo group containing-monomer, fluorine atom containing-monomer, and/or nitrogen-atom containing-monomer. The carboxyl group-containing monomer is alkyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate, oxo group-containing monomer, fluorine atom-containing monomer, and/or nitrogen-atom containing monomer. The adhesive agent contains crosslinking agent chosen from oxazoline-containing compound, isocyanate- group containing compound and/or aminoplast resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polymer (A) and polymer (B) is 25/75-75-25. The total amount of polymer (A) and polymer (B) is 50-100 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The emulsion particles having resin layer having glass transition temperature of 70-200 degrees C. The minimum film-forming temperature of resin emulsion is -5 degrees C to 70 degrees C. The adhesive agent has crosslinking property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The monomer component (B) contains carboxyl-containing monomer (2-35) and copolymerizable monomer (65-98). The weight ratio of polymers used for inner layer and outer layer is 25/75-75/25. The total amount of polymers in emulsion particles is 50-100 wt.%. The monomer component (A) contains monomer (70-85) with ring structure, and other copolymerizable monomer (15-30). The monomer copolymerizable with monomer having ring structure is chosen from alkyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate, carboxyl group-containing monomer, oxo group-containing monomer, fluorine atom-containing monomer and nitrogen atom-containing monomer. The monomer copolymerizable with carboxyl group-containing monomer is chosen from monomer having ring structure, alkyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate, oxo group-containing monomer, fluorine atom-containing monomer and nitrogen atom-containing monomer. The emulsion particles have resin layer formed using polymer having glass transition temperature of 70-200 degrees C. The minimum film forming temperature of resin emulsion is -5 degrees C to 70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general methods for the preparation of the compounds (I)-(III) are given. Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R4=tert-butyl;    R2 and R3=H;    R5 and R6=H or methyl;    R7=H, methyl or ethyl;    n=1 or 2;and    m=1-8.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 44 Compounds are specifically claimed as the compounds (I)-(III) e.g. 1,4-bis(2-methoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene (S1), 1,4-bis(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene, 1,4-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene, 1,4-bis(2-(2-(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene and 1-nitro-3-tert-butyl-2,5-di-oligo(ethylene glycol)benzene.    EXAMPLE - 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (0.2 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (20 ml). Sodium hydride (0.6 mmol) and 2-chloroethylethylether (0.4 mmol) was added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After removal of the solvent, the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic portion was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. After work-up, 1,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene (yield 81%) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Cell: The electrical cell comprises at least one nonaqueous solvent; and further comprises at least one electrode which comprises metallic lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon is selected from carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous solvent selected from polymers, cyclic or noncyclic ethers, noncyclic or cyclic acetals and cyclic or noncyclic organic carbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The material (D1) further comprises binder; and carbon black which has not been reacted with polyacrylonitrile and sulfur. Preferred Components: The organic polymer is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polystyrene and copolymers of at least two comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, styrene, acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene (preferably polyacrylonitrile). The polyacrylonitrile is present after the reaction at least partially in the form of a cyclization product of compound of formula (I). The polyacrylonitrile before the reaction has a mean molecular weight (Mw) of 50000-250000 g/mol. EXAMPLE - A composite material comprising: sulfur (20 g), polyacrylonitrile (10 g) and carbon black (6 g) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate film is comprised of cadmium sulfide. Ohmic contact is established with the underlying conductive layer through cadmium sulfide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact pins are made of materials selected from gold, gallium, aluminum, zinc, titanium, tungsten, steel, indium, titanium nitride and alloys. The counter electrode is comprised of platinum, graphite, titanium, tungsten, ebonex and titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically insulating material includes PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), PTFE-perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene vinylidene fluoride (THV), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), poly(p-xylylene)(parylene) .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin composition for solar cell modules further comprises: (F) an organopolysiloxane represented by the following general formula (3): CH2=CHR32SiO(R42SiO)n'SiR32CH=CH2, where R3 and R4 each independently represent a methyl or phenyl group; at least 10 mol% of R4 are phenyl groups; and n' is an integer of 3 or more: 0 to 200 mass parts per 100 mass parts of Component (A). The component (D) is a (meth)acryloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane having a viscosity at 25 degrees C of 5 to 10,000 mPa.second, and having a linear or cyclic organopolysiloxane structure. Preferred Module: Alternatively, the solar cell module comprises a coating of a cured product of the silicone resin composition for solar cell modules, the coating being formed on at least one surface of an outer layer material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness and roughness of the alkylsilane thin film is 10 nm or less and 1 nm or less, respectively. Preferred Compounds: The alkylsilane thin film contains siloxane oligomer, or trichloroalkyl silane or trialkoxyalkyl silane. The alkylsilane is linear alkylsilane. The alkylsilane laminate has a silica layer laminated on a polymeric substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first conductive layer is formed on a thin-line-state electrode composed of a paste containing silver fine particles. The silver fine particles are silver nanoparticles. Preferred Property: The silver nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 2-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl-containing non-electroconductive polymer is of formulae (-(CH2-CX1(O-R1-OH))l-), (-(CH2-CX2(COO-R2-OH))m-) and (-(CH2-CX3(CONH-R3-OH))n-). The polymer having hydroxyl and amide groups is chosen from hydroxyalkyl group substituted cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol derivative, polyhydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate derivative and polyhydroxy alkyl (meta) amide derivative. The undercoating layer is a hardcoat layer containing radically polymerizable composition comprising polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound.X1-X3=H or CH3;R1-R3=5C or less alkylene;andl+m+n=50-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive substrate is made of indium, zinc, tin, titanium or tungsten. The semiconductor nanometer pipes are made of indium trioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide or tungsten trioxide. An auxiliary electrode is made of conductive or corrosion resistance metal e.g. copper, gold, molybdenum silver, aluminum, nickel, titanium, cobalt, tin, indium or zinc. The transparent conductive film is made of indium tin oxide, indium leptin oxides, aluminum zinc oxide, aluminum-silicon oxides, antimony tin oxide, antimony doped leptin oxides or fluorine tin oxide and fluorine doped leptin oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar photovoltaic battery backboard composite film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene film with a thickness of 0.035 mm, a polyethylene glycol terephthalate film with a thickness of 0.3 mm, and polytetrafluoroethylene film of a thickness of 0.035 mm arranged orderly. The polyfluortetraethylene film is obtained by cutting process and processed by low temperature plasma surface treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The side surfaces of adjusting bolt provided at bearing seat is filled with elastomer. The elastic component is made of elastic glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ultraviolet rays cutoff agent is titanium oxide-cerium oxide composition with the mol ratio of 1-5:1-5. The thickness of the second adhesive is 20-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first adhesive is ethylene vinylacetate copolymer. The second adhesive is a mixture of ultraviolet rays cutoff agent and ethylene vinylacetate copolymer. The weight percentage ratio of the ultraviolet rays cutoff agent to ethylene vinylacetate copolymer in the second adhesive is (20-40):(60-80). The thickness of the second adhesive is 20-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulation material further comprises a bonding layer between the weatherproof layer and the structure reinforcing layer. The bonding layer is coated by the adhesive. The thickness is 5-50 mu m. The adhesive is polyether polyol, polyester polyol, acrylic acid resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyester or acrylic ester. The weatherproof layer is polyfluortetraethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene with alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene with alkyl vinyl ester copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ester copolymer and/or tetrafluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether copolymer. The packaging layer comprises (in wt.%) main resin (59-99), light filler (0-40), crosslinking curing agent (0. 1-5), antioxidant (0.001-2 or 0.1-2), ultraviolet absorbent (0.01-2 or 0.1-2), light stabilizer (0.01-2 or 0. 1-2), and vinyl acetate-vinyl copolymer (95-99).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the second structural composition, the doping weight ratio of carbon nanotube is less than or equal to 40%. The photoinitiator comprises benzoin or its derivatives, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether, phenyl ketone, benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone, alkyl phenyl ketone, alpha -hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketone, acetophenone derivatives, diphenyl iodonium salt, diaryl iodonium salt, and triaryl iodonium salt. The diluent comprises toluene, xylene, an active epoxy resin, a cyclic ether, a cyclic lactone or vinyl ether monomer. The auxiliary agent comprises a filling agent, a stabilizing agent or a cross linking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive polysiloxane comprises thiol-olefin functionalized polysiloxane, acrylate-esterified polysiloxane, epoxy-functionalized polysiloxane, styrene-based polysiloxane and vinyl ether functionalized polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the second structural composition, the doping wt. ratio of graphene is less than or equal to 40%. The photosensitive polysiloxane comprises thiol-olefin functionalized polysiloxane, acrylate-esterified polysiloxane, epoxy-functionalized polysiloxane, styrene-based polysiloxane and vinyl ether functionalized polysiloxane. The photoinitiator comprises benzoin or its derivatives, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether, phenyl ketone, benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone, alkyl phenyl ketone, alpha -hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketone, acetophenone derivatives, diphenyl iodonium salt, diaryl iodonium salt or triaryl iodonium salt. The diluent comprises toluene, xylene, an active epoxy resin, a cyclic ether, a cyclic lactone or vinyl ether monomer. The auxiliary agent comprises a filling agent, a stabilizing agent or a cross linking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the second structural composition, the doping weight ratio of graphene is less than or equal to 40%. The auxiliary agent comprises fillers, a stabilizing agent and a crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator comprises benzoin or its derivatives, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether, phenyl ketone, benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone, alkyl phenyl ketone, alpha -hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketone, acetophenone derivatives, diphenyl iodonium salt, diaryl iodonium salt or triaryl iodonium salt. The diluent comprises toluene, xylene, an active epoxy resin, a cyclic ether, a cyclic lactone or vinyl ether monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive polysiloxane comprises thiol-olefin functionalized polysiloxane, acrylate-esterified polysiloxane, epoxy-functionalized polysiloxane, styrene-based polysiloxane and vinyl ether functionalized polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent dielectric polymer material is made of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonicester, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate (VC-VAC), polyacrylic acid, polyaryletherketone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylate, p-phenylene terephtalamides (PPTA), polybutene and polyvinyl alcohol.POLYMERS-
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the second structural composition, the doping weight ratio of graphene is less than or equal to 40%. The weight ratio of free radical type UV photo-curable adhesive and the cation type UV photo-curable adhesive in the mixed system is 10:1-1:10. The free radical type UV photo-curable adhesive comprises (in wt.%) base resin (90-99.5), monomer (0.2-3), photoinitiator (0.1-3) and photosensitizer and auxiliary agent (0.2-6). The cation type UV photo-curable adhesive comprises (in wt.%) cationic monomer (90-99.5), diluent (0.4-8) and cationic photoinitiator (0.1-3). The base resin comprises an unsaturated polyester resin, an acrylic resin or a polythiol-polythiol-polyene system. The monomer comprises styrene or its derivative, and mono-functional or poly-functional acrylamide. The photoinitiator comprises benzoin or its derivatives comprising benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, and benzoin isopropyl alcohol or acetophenone derivative. The photosensitizer comprises benzophenone, and anthraquinone or rice ignorant ketone. The auxiliary agent comprises plasticizer, thixotropic agent, fillers, antistatic agent, crosslinking agent, flame retardant and coupling agent. The cationic monomer comprises epoxy resin or modified epoxy resin or a mixture of fluorinated and non-fluorinated or aliphatic and bisphenol D-type mixed epoxy resin. The diluent comprises toluene, xylene, active epoxy resin diluent and cyclic ether, cyclic lactone, and vinyl ether monomer. The cationic photoinitiator has triaryl iodonium salt, triaryl sulfonium salt or triaryl selenium salt. The acrylic resin comprises polyester-acrylate, epoxy-acrylate, carbamate-acrylate and polyether acrylate. The polythiol-polythiolpolyene system comprises the following four substances: C(CH2-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-SH)4; CH3(CH2)n-C-(CH2-O-C(=O)CH2)n-SH)3; HS(CH2-CH2-O)n-CH2-CH2-SH; and HS(CH2-CH2-O)n-C(=O)-(CH2)n-SH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of plastic. The organic particles are polyacrylate resin, poly(butyl methacrylate), polyurethane resin and/or silicone resin. The ave. diameter of organic particles is 0.5-30 mu m. The wt. ratio of engaging agent to organic particles is 100:40-300. The coating is located on light emitting surface or incidence surface of substrate. The engaging agent is polyacrylate resin, silicone resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, fluorocarbon resin (preferred), polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, and/or polyester resin. The fluorocarbon resin comprises copolymer of fluoralkene monomer and alkyl vinyl ether monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film comprises indium tin oxide, furoxanyltriazole oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide. The substrate comprises sodium chloride, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide. The paste comprises terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent plastic layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyaniline and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic salt includes lithium chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium chloride, cesium chloride, barium chloride, sodium chloride, strontium chloride, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride. The anode comprises alkali earth, alkaline earth or boron group metal. The cathode comprises platinized copper, gold or palladium. The cathode further comprises nano-silver coating and activated carbon nano-fiber coating or carbon nano-fabric coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The cathode comprises stainless steel or high nickel-copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The salt starch gluten electrolyte further includes scented powder, oil, fluorescent material and color pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The starch-based electrolyte is a salt starch gluten, and formed by mechanically mixing starch (30-60%), ionic salt (3-12%), and water (20-55%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The back surface protective film has a water vapor barrier layer. The water vapor barrier layer has a vapor deposition film containing metal and/or metal oxide. Preferred Properties: The light having wavelength of 400-700 nm is radiated on the surface of the resin layer (11). The absorption factor is 60% or more with respect to the radiated light. The light having wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated on the surface of the resin layer (11), and has reflectance of 40% or more with respect to the radiated light. The back surface protective film has thickness of 30-600 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is europium complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is contained in resin particles using vinyl compound as monomer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The free radical initiator is peroxide. The vinyl silane is at least one of vinyl tri-ethoxy silane and vinyl tri-methoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The unsaturated organic compound is maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from at least one of aluminum, copper or stainless steel, or their alloys. The metal is in the form of a wire mesh sheet or layer. The metal is a metal sheet or foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The contact pins are made of material comprising gold, titanium, tungsten, steel, titanium nitride, indium and/or alloys. The portion of each pin that makes contact with substrate surface during electrodeposition comprises indium, gallium, aluminum and/or zinc. The counter electrode comprises platinum, graphite, titanium, tungsten, Ebonex (RTM: titanium suboxide material), titanium nitride and/or mixed metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating material comprises PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy, PTFE-perfluoromethylvinylether, fluorinated ethylene propylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene vinylidene fluoride, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide and/or poly(p-xylylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bent part is bending-processed so that the cut surface of the connection part, which is cut off and exposed on the resin, is half a height of the electronic component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer includes fluorovmylidene polymer, a copolymer of fluorovmylidene and hexafluoropropylene, styrene/butadiene copolymer and/or a polymer of ethylene oxide. The protective film placed on the external face of the terminal electrode is formed by an elastomeric material including natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butadiene-styrene copolymers, or butadieneacrylonitrile. The material forming the protective film is an elastic polymer material comprising a non-solvating polymer including fluorovinylidene polymers, copolymers of fluorovinylidene and hexafluoropropylene and/or styrene/butadiene copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sidewall support part comprises flat plate formed of rubber material and rigid side wall support mechanisms attached to a part or all of both faces of the flat plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coolant comprises water and alcohol i.e. glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foil layers or foil layer structures are made of plastic e.g. polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, PVC or Polystyrene, composite sheet or laminate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The piezoelectric material is selected from the group consisting of polymers, ceramics, crystals, polyvinylidene fluoride, lead zirconate titanate, and quartz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light is ultraviolet light. Preferred Process: The desulfurization of hydrocarbon further involves contacting hydrocarbon with an adsorption agent after light irradiation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous inorganic compound is faujasite type zeolite, mesoporous silica and/or activated carbon. The rare-earth element contains cerium or lanthanum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The organic silica-type material has wavelength in absorption edge of the long-wavelength side of absorption spectrum of 600 nm or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R4=substituent (a);    n=0;and    R"=optionally substituted allyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of sodium polyacrylate is 0.1-3.0 weight% with respect to the positive electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The group II element is magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst is made of platinum, gold, palladium, platinum-gold, platinum-palladium, gold-palladium, platinum-gold-palladium, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide, or cobalt oxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon paper hydrophobic treatment is performed by sintering and immersing PTFE material whose content in the carbon paper is 10-70 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material layer comprises carbonaceous material, lithium titanate, and/or active-material particles of silicon, tin, lithium, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, cerium, nickel, iron, and/or their oxides. The particles preferably contain lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, lithium-cobalt phosphate, lithium-iron phosphate, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, and/or lithium-nickel-cobalt complex oxide of formula: LiNi1-x-y-zCoxM1yM2zO2, where M1 and M2 are aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, magnesium and/or molybdenum, x, y and z are 0 or more and less than 0.5, and x+y+z is 1 or less. The electrolyte layer comprises lithium salt chosen from lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, LiB10Cl10, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethyl acetate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium-aluminum chloride, methanesulfonic lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate, lithium carbonate, and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal coating layer comprises silver, palladium, nickel and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer of the core portion is polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyethylene, polysulfur nitride, polypropylene, PVC, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, and/or PTFE. The electrolyte layer of the battery comprises polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene imine, polyethylene sulfide, and/or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Complex: The transition metal complex is of formula (I) or (II).m,n=0 or 1-4;M=transition metal atom;R1=H, 1-6C alkyl or aryl;or two R1=divalent organic group;R2=hydroxy, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy or aryl (when m is 1);or two R2+C=condensed ring (when m is 2-4);R3=hydroxy, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy or aryl (when n is 1);andor two R3+C=condensed ring (when n is 2-4).The transition metal is bivalent. The ligand contains an oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms. Four coordinate bonds are formed by coordinating the ligand to the transition metal. The sintered material is a porous material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductors nano-wires include a single-crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous material that are selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), copper-indium-germanium-selenium (CuInGeSe) and copper-zinc-tin sulfur (CZTS) compositions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semiconductors nano-wires include a single-crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous material that are selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), copper-indium-germanium-selenium (CuInGeSe) and copper-zinc-tin sulfur (CZTS) compositions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant comprises a reaction product of polyalkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with tetraethylene pentamine. The middle distillate fuel comprises mixture of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant to hydrocarbyl compound (I) (200-600 parts per million (ppm)). The weight ratio of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant to hydrocarbyl compound (I) is 3.5:1 to 5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyalkenyl succinic acid or anhydride is derived from polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of 800-1100 daltons. The polyisobutylene comprises a high reactivity polyisobutylene having terminal olefinic double bonds (at least greater than or equal to 60%). Preferred Definitions:    R2=polyolefin radical having number average molecular weight of 200-3000 daltons.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat spreaders comprise a resin impregnated sheet of a compressed mass of exfoliated graphite particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 9,9-Dialkyl-2-fluorene aldehyde and two methylpyrrole are condensed in presence of catalyst (a) and organic solvent in oxygen-free environment, to obtain 5,15-di(9,9-dialkyl fluorine)porphyrin. The product is brominated in presence of organic solvent in oxygen-free environment, to obtain bromine compound (II). 2,3-Diphenyl-5,8-bis-trimethyl stannanyl-quinoxaline (B) and bromine compound of formula (II) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction based on stoichiometric ratio in presence of catalyst (b) and organic solvent in oxygen-free environment, to obtain porphyrin copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst (a) is chosen from trifluoroacetic acid and monopropyl acetic acid. The content of catalyst (a) is 0.1-10 ml. The catalyst (b) is chosen from organic palladium, phosphor ligand, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride. The organic solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene and toluene. The content of catalyst (b) is 0.05-20% of the content of compound (B). Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=1-16C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent for dehydration is acetic acid, n-cresol, p-toluene sulfonic acid, chloroform, methanol, ethanol or butanol. Preferred Composition: The catalyst for Stille coupling reaction is added in an amount of 0.05-50 mol% with respect to the compound (A). The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst or mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphor ligand. The organic palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, dichloro-bis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic solvent used for Stille coupling reaction is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethylether, benzene, chlorobenzene and/or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dithienopyrrole-containing tin compound of formula (A), dibromoquinoxaline of formula (B) and dithienopyrrole-containing dibromo compound of formula (C) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in oxygen-free environment in presence of catalyst and organic solvent, to obtain the polymer. The components (A-C) are reacted in the mol ratio of m:p:q, where m is p+q and m is greater than q, where q greater than or equal to 0. The compound (B) is obtained by dehydration of 3,6-dibromo-o-phenylene diamine in the presence of organic solvent and ketone at 20-120 degrees C. Preferred Process: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 60-130 degrees C for 24-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The back surface protection sheet has thermal transmittance of 500 W/m2K or more and partial discharge voltage of 1000 V or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The white polyolefin film has layers (A1/B1/C1) or layers (A2/B2/C2). The layers (A1) and (C1) contains a mixture of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, low density polyethylene, and polypropylene resin. The layer (B1) contains a white polyethylene resin containing ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer containing white microparticles (5-30 weight%). The layer (A2) contains polyethylene and a mixture of polypropylene resin. The layer (B2) contains polypropylene resin containing white microparticles (5-50 weight%). The layer (C2) contains polypropylene resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The keel is made of aluminum alloy, steel, plastic or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inorganic barrier layer is made of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, tin, indium, nickel or chromium, inorganic acid or nitride material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower conversion layer is halide, oxide, borate, silicate, phosphate or vanadate, doped with yttrium (Y3+), erbium (Er3+), terbium (Tb3+), europium (Eu3+), praseodymium (Pr3+), thulium (Tm3+), gadolinium (Gd3+), neodymium (Nd3+), Tb3+/Yb3+, Pr3+/Yb3+, Gd3+/Eu3+ and/or Tm3+/Yb3+. The solar battery further comprises transparent insulating layer between second electrode and lower conversion layer. The transparent insulating layer is transparent glass layer or transparent insulating plastic layer. The transparent insulating layer is quartz glass, silicate glass, high-silicon-oxide glass, sodium-calcium glass, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate or polyester. The solar battery further comprises buffer layer located between first electrode and first photosensitive layer or between second photosensitive layer and second electrode. The buffer layer is Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum or lithium fluoride. The light reflection index of first electrode is higher than 80%. The first electrode is gold, silver, aluminum, calcium-aluminum, magnesium-silver, indium tin oxide or zinc oxide film electrode. The second electrode is indium tin oxide, gold, aluminum, silver or carbon nanotube film electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The phosphor silicate glass on the surface of substrate is removed in the manufacturing process of the solar battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The main line can be selected from metal belt such as silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tin, calcium, magnesium, zinc and indium. The material of the high temperature resistant clamp of battery can be selected from tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, chromium, titanium, and zirconium or carbon nanometer material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The main line can be selected from multi-alloy metal belts such as tin lead gold metal belt, tin copper metal belt, tin lead metal belt, lead silver metal belt, copper silver metal belt, copper lead metal belt, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, zinc alloy, lead tin zinc alloy, lead tin silver alloy and lead tin alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass or polyester film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive metal oxide electrode layer is oxide of indium, tin, zinc, cadmium or composite polybasic oxide. The high work content positive pole layer is aluminum, gold and/or silver composite electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diisopropyl epoxide(diacetone)titanium film has a thickness of 10-500 Angstrom . The photoelectric active layer or electron supplying body is poly(polyphenylene vinylidene), poly(arylene vinylidene), poly(polyphenylene), poly(arylene), polythiophene, polyquinoline, polyporphyrin, phthalocyanine and/or copolymer formed by coupling free electron attracting conjugate unit and electronic supplying conjugate unit. The electron receiving body is fullerene, perylene, naphthalene or their derivative; quinine and/or semiconductor nanocrystalline from III-V group and II-VI group. The electron attracting conjugate unit is pyrrole-pyrrole-dione, diazosulfide or thiophene pyrroledione. The electron supplying conjugate unit is carbazole, fluorine, thiaindan and/or dibenzothiophene. The solvent is isopropanol, isooctanol, alcohol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube conducting agent powder is single-wall, double-wall or multi-wall carbon nanotube. The content of carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube slurry is 2-13.8 weight%. The content of metal impurity in the carbon nanotube powder is less than 1 weight% measured in dry state. The addition amount of carbon nanotube is 0.1-3 weight%, 0.5-5 weight%, 0.2-5 weight%, 0.2-6 weight%, 1-6 weight%, 1-6 weight% and 1-7 weight%, when the negative pole active material is graphite, lithium titanate, cobalt titanate, nickel titanate, lithium-nickel-cobalt poly-material, lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate, respectively. Preferred Property: The carbon nanotube has length of 0.2-20 mu m, and diameter of 2-20 nm. Preferred Component: The carbon nanotube oil slurry is used for preparing positive pole sample or negative pole sample. The carbon nanotube water slurry is used for preparing negative pole sample.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is dispersant, defoaming agent, wetting agent and/or flatting agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The defoaming agent is polysiloxane or its modified substances. The wetting agent is polyoxyethylated alkylphenol. The flatting agent is polysilane solvent. The carbon nanotube slurry is separated as water slurry and oil slurry. The water slurry is prepared using deionized water and/or isopropanol as solvent, and polyoxyethylene ether segmented copolymer, polyamine salt and/or alcohol, as dispersant. The oil slurry is prepared using N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexanone, acetone and/or isopropanol, as solvent, and polysiloxane or its modified substances, polyamine salt, organic solvent and/or polypyrrolidone, as dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Structure: The structure is flexible substrate/zinc oxide/PIN type amorphous silicon/zinc oxide/aluminum structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The phosphate organic matter is resorcinol di(diphenyl cresyl phosphate) and/or bisphenol A-di(diphenyl cresyl phosphate) and/or triphenyl phosphine; and the antioxidant is antioxidant 1010 and/or 168.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of polyethylene terephthalate substrate is 150-300 mu m. The thickness of high-fluorine crystal-type fluorine coating layer is 15-25 mu m. Preferred Composition: The anti-hydrolyzing processing layer contains polyurethane resin material, and has thickness of 2-3 mu m. The content of fluorine in polyvinylidene fluoride film is 59%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The A-type EVA gel film comprises (in wt.%): EVA resin (95) and modified additive (5). The EVA resin has vinyl acetate (VA) content of 33%. The modified additive comprises (in parts): organic peroxide crosslinked agent (0.1-3, preferably 1-1.5), crosslinked auxiliary agent (0.1-3, preferably 1-2), silane coupling agent (0.1-2, preferably 0.2-1), light stabilizer (0.01-1, preferably 0.05-0.3) and antioxidant (0.01-1, preferably 0.1-0.3). The B-type EVA gel film comprises EVA resin (95%) and modified additive B (5). The modified additive B comprises (in parts): organic peroxide crosslinked agent (0.1-3, preferably 1-1.5), crosslinked auxiliary agent (0.1-3, preferably 1-2), silane coupling agent (0.1-2, preferably 0.2-1), light stabilizer (0.01-1, preferably 0.05-0.3), antioxidant (0.01-1, preferably 0.1-0.3), UV-absorbing agent (0.01-1, preferably 0.1-0.3) and UV-blocker (0.01-1, preferably 0.1-0.3). Preferred Components: The solar cell component has a side facing sunlight, which comprises A-type EVA gel film with light transmittance of 90% or more and other side containing B-type EVA gel film which absorbs and blocks UV-rays, where UV-transmittance of the B-type EVA gel film is 5% or less. The peroxide crosslinked agent is alkyl peroxide, ester peroxide, carbonic ester peroxide or ketone peroxide. The UV-absorbing agent is UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329, UV-531, UV-9, UV-P, U-888 or UV-3638F. The UV-blocker is titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adsorbed layer has porous structure with high specific surface area and containing porous carbon material, palygorskite-sepiolite mineral fiber, kieselguhr and adsorbent resins. The porous carbon material is active carbon, carbon microballoon, mesoporous carbon, carbon molecular sieve or carbide derived carbon. The positive pole piece of anode contains 70-85 wt.% of anode active material, 5-10 wt.% of adhesive and 10-25 wt.% of conductive agent. The anode active material is carbon-sulfur composite material or metal sulfide, which is iron sulfide or nickel sulfide. The conductive agent is acetylene black or superconducting carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive contains 15 wt.% of polyvinylidene fluoride solution having N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent. The electrolyte is non-aqueous electrolyte containing solvent having mixture of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonic ester and ethyl methyl carbonate, or mixture of dioxolane and 4-glycol dimethyl ether. The solute of the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silver powder has a diameter of 60 nm-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent consists of heptamerticcyclopentyl trisilanol, octahydroxysilsesquioxane and/or aminododecanoic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The thickening agent consists of gamma -((2,3)-glycidoxy)propyl-triethoxysilane and/or N-anilinomethyl triethoxysilane. The catalyst consists of 1 % of triphenylphosphine molybdenum chloride. The dispersing agent comprises ethylene bis stearamide, glycerol monostearate, tristearin, oleamide, tris(ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, and/or methyl amyl alcohol. The auxiliary material comprises quat-ammonium salt anionic surfactant, diglycol monobutyl ether, hydrogenated castor oil and acetylene carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is a copolymer of bisphenol A cyanate and epoxy resin. The modifier consists of polyphenylsilsesquioxane, polymethylsesquisiloxane and/or octavinyloctasilasesquioxane. The dispersing agent may also comprise cellulose derivative, guar gum and/or polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester. The auxiliary material further comprises polyoxyethylene fatty amine, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and heterogeneous polyoxyethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: the surfactant forms cylindrical micelles, interconnected worm-like micelles or bilayers and the polymerized PEDOT layer has nanofibrillar morphology; or the surfactant forms spherical micelles and the polymerized PEDOT layer has a granular morphology. In the method: by changing ionic strength of the solution, salt used as an electrolyte effects the shape and the size of the surfactant micelles and the final morphology of the PEDOT layer; the rate of the EDOT polymerization and the final morphology of the PEDOT layer are adjusted by changing the current density passing through the solution, or by changing the oxidative potential of the ITO electrode; the concentration of the monomer effects the size and the shape of the surfactant micelles and the final morphology of the PEDOT layer; and the ITO electrode is a coated glass slide. Preferred Components: The surfactant is anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or non-ionic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic photovoltaic device further comprises electrical contacts connected to the ITO layer and to the aluminum layer. In the organic photovoltaic device: the substrate is a transparent glass or flexible polymer film; the aluminum layer is deposited by thermal vacuum deposition, electron-beam deposition or sputtering method; and the ITO layer is a coated glass slide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A hole collection layer of module is provided with conductive polymer such as poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The maximum value (I1) of X-ray diffraction intensity of the niobium containing metal oxy carbonitride in the diffraction angle (2 theta ) of 25.45-25.65 degrees and maximum value (I2) of X-ray diffraction intensity of the niobium containing metal oxy carbonitride in the diffraction angle (2 theta ) of 25.65-26.0 degrees satisfies the relation: I2/I1+I2=0.26-1.0. Preferred Composition: The niobium containing metal oxy carbonitride has composition of formula: NbCxNyOz.x,z=0.1-2;y=0.05-1;andx+y+z=5 or less.The concentration of oxygen gas in the inert gas is 0.5-2 vol.%. The inert gas contains 4 vol.% or less of hydrogen gas. The catalyst layer further contains electroconductive particles. Preferred Process: The heat processing is carried out at 750-1050 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Durometer hardness of 2nd resin is E 1/15-30/15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Parameters: Haze of laminated glass is less than or equal to 5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Salt derived from carboxylic acid is calcium salt. Preferred Parameters: Melting point of salt derived from carboxylic acid is less than or equal to 230 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Composition B contains carboxylic acid and/or salt derived from 0.01-5 mass parts of 8-30C carboxylic acid with respect to 100 mass parts of hydrocarbon polymers. Preferred Parameters: Melting point of carboxylic acid is less than or equal to 230 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogenated substance of polymer contains 2-12C aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon and/or 8-12C aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon. Polymer block (X) of hydrocarbon polymer contains 8-12C aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon unit e.g. styrene, and polymer block (Y) contains 2-12C aliphatic conjugated polyene unit e.g. butadiene and/or isoprene. Polyvinyl acetal is polyvinyl butyral. A-layer contains 1-100 mass parts of plasticizer with respect to 100 mass parts of polyvinyl acetal. Preferred Parameters: Average degree of acetalization of polyvinyl acetal containing 0.01-30 mol.% of vinyl acetate radical is 40-85 mol.%. Preferred Processes: Polyvinyl acetal is obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with average viscosity polymerization degree of 150-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst powder uses noble metal, transition metal system oxide, transition metal system macrocyclic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thiophene moiety is substituted with hexyl. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = hexyl.    EXAMPLE - Bis-(5,5'-trimethylstannyl)-3,3'-di-n-hexyl-silylene-2,2'-dithiophene (0.353 g) and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (0.135 g) were dissolved in anhydrous toluene (12 ml). After the solution was purged with nitrogen, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (12.55 mg) and triphenylphosphine (28.80 mg) were added. The solution was further purged with nitrogen for 15 minutes. The solution was then heated up to 110-120 degrees C and allowed to react for 40 hours. Upon the completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed via rotary evaporation. The resultant residue was dissolved in chlorobenzene (30 ml). After the chlorobenzene solution was poured into methanol (600 ml), a deep blue precipitate thus obtained (the crude polymer product) was collected through filtration. The collected solid was redissolved in chlorobenzene (40 ml) during heating. The chlorobenzene solution was filtered through a 0.45 mu membrane, and poured into methanol (600 ml). After the dark blue color polymer product thus obtained was collected through filtration, it was washed with methanol (3x 100 ml) and dried under vacuum. The dried polymer product was redissolved in hot chlorobenzene (60 ml) and poured into 7.5% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (DDC) aqueous solution (60 ml). The solution was purged by nitrogen for 15 minutes. The mixed two phase solution thus obtained was heated at 80 degrees C and stirred vigorously under nitrogen for 15 hours. After the organic phase was washed with hot distilled water (3x 60 ml), it was slowly poured into methanol (800 ml) and worked up to afford the corresponding polymer product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dielectric composition is UV curable; and the composition further comprises photo initiator (0.1-10 wt.%); printing aid (0.1-2 wt.%); phosphoric acid (1.5-2.5, preferably 2 wt.%); acrylated urethane resin oligomer (30-40 wt.%); and alkyl acrylate (20-30 wt.%). EXAMPLE - A UV curable mixture comprising acrylated urethane resin (37.83 wt.%), dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate (26.86 wt.%), predispersed copper phthalocyanine pigment in trimethylolpropane triacrylate (20:80) (0.11 wt.%), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propanone (3.24 wt.%), 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone (0.69 wt.%), a silicone printing aid (0.98 wt.%), talc (28.29 wt.%), and Ebecryl 168 (RTM: phosphoric acid additive) (2 wt.%) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing compound further contains filler chosen from water-containing magnesium silicate, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, crystalline silica and/or fused silica. The filler has average particle diameter of 15 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active hydrogen equivalent in the thermosetting agent is 0.8-3.0 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy group in the epoxy resin. The hydrazide compound contains two or more hydrazide groups in a molecule. The sealing compound further contains silane coupling agent chosen from glycidyl ethoxy silane and glycidyl methoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting agent further contains phenol novolak resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymerizable monomer is a pyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is selected from a group consisting of a transparent glass substrate and transparent plastic substrate that is made of polyethylene naphthalate or polyethylene terephthalate, and an insulating material selected from a group consisting of glass or engineering plastic e.g. PTFE or polypropylene acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl propionate compound of formula (Ia) or 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate is also used as the stabilizer. The chemical abstract service (CAS) registry number 36443-68-2 or CAS registry number 90498-90-1 is used as the stabilizer. The mixture exhibits an alkali titer of 20-70.n = 1-10.Preferred Composition: The mixture additionally comprises 0.001-1 wt.% of non-aromatic light stabilizers of hindered-amine stabilizers/hindered-amine light stabilizers/N-alkoxy-hindered-amine light stabilizers type, and 0.001-0.25 wt.% of phenolic antioxidants with a molecular weight of less than 300 g/mole. The film: exhibits a delta basterisk value of less than 3; and an intrinsic color (DYI) of less than 5. EXAMPLE - Typical film comprised of (in wt.%): polyvinyl acetal (20.1), polyvinyl butyral (72.5), triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate (25), di-2-butoxy?ethyl?adipate (2.5), magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.125), Tinuvin 328 (RTM: UV absorber of the hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole class) (0.15), Songnox 2450 (RTM: Stabilizer) (0.04), butylated hydroxytoluene (0.06) and water content (0.45).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper layer structure comprises a glass panel (22) and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layer. The lower layer structure comprises a glass backboard. The preset groove is arranged on the glass backboard. A bus bar connected battery sheet is placed into the preset groove. The EVA layer is paved on the surface of the battery sheet. The glass panel is encapsulated on the surface of the battery sheet. The depth of the preset groove corresponding to the battery sheet does not exceed the thickness of the battery sheet. The lower layer structure is provided with the glass backboard and a preset EVA layer. The preset groove is arranged on the preset EVA layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The rectangular side frame is polyethylene foam rectangular side frame. The cover panel is polycarbonate glass cover panel. The base plate is wood plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive pole sheet is lithium carbonate, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt manganese oxide (LiCo1/3Mn1/3O2), and/or lithium vanadium oxide. The positive and negative pole capacitor active substances comprise active carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon aerogel, graphene, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium oxide, or vanadium oxide. The negative pole battery active substance is natural graphite, artificial graphite, intermediate phase carbon microsphere, or carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further comprises starting clustering at 120 degrees C, lifting pressurizing cover to fully clear dust on back cover and cylinder wall, heating at 10 degrees C, and mixing internally at 165-170 degrees C; fully clearing outer wall of internally-mixing cylinder and conveying hopper with air blowing tube before emptying, and when emptying, inclining internally-mixing cylinder by 45 degrees , wiping dust in cylinder with clean cloth, and emptying after cleaning; pelletizing at 135-140 degrees C with particle size of 3 mm; and packing
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The fluorine coating layer is a coating layer containing nano titanium oxide. The protection layer (b) is an oxidation resistance layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of polyethylene terephthalate basic layer (a) and protection layer (b) is 250 mu m and 5 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plastic packaging agent comprises (wt.%) epoxy resin (60), silicon micro powder (20), and curing agent (20). Preferred Method: The pouring step is carried out by pouring plastic packaging agent in space between mold and stator to be packaged; and placing in vacuum box for emptying bubbles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solar cell has sidewall insulating layers comprising silicon oxide, silicon nitride and/or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The pipe and heat-transfer plate are made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel. Preferred Process: The method further involves providing an additional layer made of glass, polyvinyl fluoride, polyester or polytetrafluoroethylene between the solar cells and the layer (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R6 = dodecyl;    R2, R5 = H; and    m = 0.    EXAMPLE - 2-Bromo-3-dodecyl-thiophene (16.6 mmol), (E)-1,2-bis(5-(trimethylstannyl)thiophen-2-yl)ethene (7.49 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.74 mmol) were added to toluene (120 ml), and reacted at 110 degrees C for 12 hours. After the reaction, the resulting reaction solution was extracted with methylene chloride, and purified to obtain (E)-1,2-bis(3'-dodecyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)ethene (A1). Then (A1) (2 mmol) was introduced into a 2-neck flask, and acetic acid and chloroform were added in a content of 50 ml (volume ratio 1:1), respectively. N-bromosuccinimide (4 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (10 ml), and then slowly added at 0 degrees C to the flask. The resulting mixture was reacted at 0 degrees C for 3 hours, and the reaction was quenched by adding water. Then the reaction solution was extracted with methylene chloride, and purified to obtain (E)-1,2-bis(5'-bromo-3'-dodecyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)ethene (A2). Bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel (0.8 mmol) and dipyridyl (0.82 mmol) were introduced into a flask, and dissolved in DMF (10 ml), and the resulting mixture was kept at 80 degrees C. Then (A2) (0.7 mmol) dissolved in toluene was slowly added to the mixture, and reacted for 48 hours. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was precipitated from methanol, and the precipitate was filtered off to obtain poly((E)-1,2-bis(3'-dodecyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)ethane).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The organic liquid material has boiling point of 50-170 degrees C and solubility parameter value of 14.0-20.0 MPa1/2 under normal pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The diene rubber is butadiene rubber having 90% or more of 1,4-cis content. The weight ratio of diene rubber and thermoplastic rubber is 60/40-99/1. The sealing-material composition further contains imidazole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ester compound of styrene carboxylic acid is of formula (X). The phosphate ester group-containing styrene compound is of formula (XI).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polystyrene-type compound contains carbonyl group-containing monomer unit of formula (II). The polystyrene-type compound is of formula (XII).n=1-10.Preferred Process: The ester portion of polystyrene-type compound is hydrolyzed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent further contains hydroxyl group-containing radically polymerizable monomer (C) having number average molecular weight of 1000 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of total content of block polymer having repeating unit (I) and repeating unit (II) is 1/30-30/1. The number average molecular weight of block copolymers is 5000-1000000, measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as standard. The weight average molecular weight of multi-branched copolymer is 10000-2000000, measured by permeation chromatography with multiple angle light scattering detection method. Preferred Property: The polymerization degree of repeating unit (I) and (II) in random copolymer of multi-branched copolymer is 30-2000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane is 0.3-0.9 part mass. The content of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone is 0.02-0.2 part mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl-acetate content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 %mass with respect to content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pores of the sponge comprises organic polymer material including polyalkene or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous conductive material is scale-like graphite having average primary particle diameter of 100 mu m or more. Preferred Property: Total surface area of positive electrode active substance per unit volume of electrode plate group is 2.8-5.5 m2/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound contains bisphenol A, aminobenzene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensate of formula (I).R1,R2=H or group of formula (a).At least one of R1 and R2 is not hydrogen atom    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The separator surface facing the negative plate, is formed from a nonwoven fabric comprising fiber of glass, pulp and/or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin (B) is resin comprising 50 mass% or more of 1-4C alkyl (meth)acrylate units of an alkyl group. Preferred Film: The film comprises laminated film or laminated sheet which is stacked on thermoplastic resin layer on the film. The laminated sheet is laminated on the base material on the film. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (a) is an organosilicon compound. The organosilicon compound is silane-type compound containing silicon, carbon and oxygen. The silane-type compound is alkoxy silane compound. The content of silane-type compound is 0.005-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of solid content of under-coat layer. The organosilicon compound is polyorganosiloxane-type compound. The polyorganosiloxane-type compound is polyorganosiloxane containing silicon-containing main chain structure of formula: -(Si(-Rx)2-O)n-. The content of polyorganosiloxane-type compound is 0.001-80 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of solid content of energy-beam-curable resin. The transparent conductive layer contains metal oxide or organic electroconductive material. The metal oxide contains zinc, gallium, indium, aluminum, boron and/or silicon.Rx=alkyl, alkenyl, aryl (all optionally substituted) or H, in which both Rx are not H simultaneously.Preferred Property: The ratio of difference between sheet resistance value (R1) after storing the transparent conductive film at 60 degrees C for 7 days under relative humidity of 90% and sheet resistance value (R0) of transparent conductive film in the initial stage, with respect to sheet resistance value (R0) is 1 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The under-coat layer contains electron-beam curable resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active component is chosen from nickel, ruthenium and platinum. The oxide support is nickel, aluminum, titanium, silicon, zirconium and/or cerium. The methanation-reaction inhibitor is chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, vanadic acid, tungstic acid and chromic acid. Preferred Property: The desorption activated energy of carbon dioxide which is adsorbed to the surface of active component is 10 kJ/mol or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic resin is made from one of perfluoro alkoxy alkane (PFA), a fluoridated ethylene propylene (FEP), an aromatic polymer or a polyimide coated with PFA or FEP.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filtering chips are made of materials such as polytetraflourethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound having condensed ring with 4-10 benzene rings fused together is a compound having pyrene ring, or compound having perylene ring, preferably 2,5-Bis-(4-bromo-phenyl)-8,11-di-tert-butyl-perylene, 1,6-dibromo-3,8-bis-(3,7-dimethyl-octyl)-pyrene, 2,7-dibromo-4,5,9,10-tetrakis-(4-heptyl-phenyl)-pyrene, 7,14,25,32-tetraphenylundecacyclo(21.13.2.22,5.03,19.04,16.06,15.08,13.020,37.024,33.026,31.034,38)tetraconta-1(36),2,4,6(15),7,9,11,13,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,37,39-icosaene and nonacyclo(22.6.2.02,7.08,29.011,28.014,27.015,20.021,26.025,30)dotriaconta-1(30),2,4,6,8(29),9,11,13,15(20),16,18,21(26),22,24,31-pentadecaene. The content of compound having condensed ring with 4-10 benzene rings with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer compound in the organic layer is 0.1-10000 parts weight. The organic layer further contains electron-accepting compound and electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer compound includes thiophene repeating unit of formula (II) and/or fluorene repeating unit of formula (III).R1-R10=alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio (all optionally substituted fluoro), aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, aryl alkoxy, or aryl alkylthio (all optionally substituted), or H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material has block copolymerization structure of formula (II) when x is 1 and y is 1. The material has homopolymerisation structure of formula (III) when x is 1 and y is 0. The material has structure of formula (IV) when y is 0 and x is 1. Preferred Definition:    R1-R4=H; and    Ar1=octoxyphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The EVA film contains 33.55% (20%) modified vinyl acetate, 69.2% (55%) acetate, 3.35% (1.5%) bi(1,2-methyl diethoxye silicon)ethane, 0.6% of sebacylic acid bi(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine)ester, 0.85% (0.35%) 2,2-methylene-bi(4-methyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol), 1.5% (1.2%) 2,4,6-trisulfydryl-1,3,5-triazine compound, 0.45% (0.4%) 1-bi(butylhydroperoxide)-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 2% (1.5%) of 1% chloroplatinic acid methanol solution, 0.45% (0.35%) tert-butyl catechol, 0.2% (0.15%) para hydroxybenzene methyl ether, 0.7% (0.2%) tri(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl)phosphite ester, 0.35% 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertphenyl)-5-chlorobenzene triazole, 0.6% (0.15) beta-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl ethyl)trimethoxy silane, 0.5% 2-hydroxy-4-normal octoxyl benzophenone and 0.3% (0.2%) bi(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidyl)dioctyl sebacate. The EVA fil has 3% bi(1, 2- diethoxye silicon) ethane, 0.35% (0.25%) sulfo dichloropropionic acid dydecyl thiopropionate, 0.3% piperidyl antioxidant, 0.35% 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tertiary butyl-5'-methyl phemyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole, 30% modified vinyl acetate, 60.9% acetate, 3% bi(1,2-methyl diethoxye silicon)ethane, 0.45% (0.4%) 2,2-methylene-bi(4-methyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol), 0.25% N,N'-m-phthalic dimaleamic acid, 0.3% 2,4,6-trisulfydryl-1,3 5-triazine compound, 0.4% trisulfydryl-1,3,5-triazine compound, 0.3% beta-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl ethyl)trimethoxy silane and 0.2% 4-epoxy cyclohexyl ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mole percentage of perfluoroalkyl vinylether and 2-(perfluoropropoxy)perfluoropropyl trifluorovinyl ether in the copolymer is greater than or equal to 5%. The mole ratio of the perfluoroalkyl vinylether to the 2-(perfluoropropoxy)perfluoropropyl trifluorovinyl ether is (2-3):(3-2). The perfluoroalkyl vinylether is of formula (RO-(F)C=CF2). The perfluoro(2-propoxy propyl vinyl ether) is of formula (F3C-(CF2)2-((O)(CF3)(CF2)CF)n-O-C(F)=CF2). The fusing point of the high-flexibility tetrafluoro copolymer resin is 250-300 degrees C, the mass adhesiveness is less than or equal to 1000 Pas. The high-flexibility solar battery encapsulation film has a thickness of 15-250 mu m, preferably 30-150 mu m.R = 1-6C perfluoroalkyl, where the alkyl is methyl or n-propyl; andn = 1-3, preferably 1.Preferred Method: The preparation of solar battery encapsulation film comprises fusing and plasticizing the tetrafluoro copolymer resin at 260-320 degrees C via a screw type extruder, coating and forming film through a clothes hanger type die head or injecting and forming film through a single-flow passage annular die head to obtaining the high-flexibility solar battery encapsulation film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The paint composition comprises:(A) a first composition comprising hydroxyl modified acrylic resin, solvent, titanium dioxide powder, optional carbon black, hyperfine filler (particularly mica) and cosolvent selected from UV absorbent, dispersant, antifoaming agent, delustering agent, delusterant or drier;(B) first composition comprising (pts.wt.) hydroxyl modified acrylic resin (35-55), solvent (10-20) and cosolvent (0-50, preferably 20-50 parts);(C) first composition comprising (pts.wt.) hydroxyl modified acrylic resin (35-55), solvent (10-20), titanium dioxide powder (15-20), carbon black (0-0.05), hyperfine filler (particularly mica, 5-20), absorbent (0.1-0.3), dispersant (3-6), antifoaming agent, delustering agent, delusterant and drier;(D) first composition comprising (pts.wt.) hydroxyl modified acrylic resin (40-50), solvent (10-20), titanium dioxide powder (15-20), carbon black (0.02-0.04), hyperfine filler (particularly mica, 15-20), UV absorbent (0.1-0.3), dispersant (3-5), antifoaming agent, delustering agent, delusterant and drier;(E) first composition comprising (pts.wt.) hydroxyl modified acrylic resin (45), solvent (15), titanium dioxide powder (17.5), carbon black (0.03), hyperfine filler (particularly mica, 18), UV absorbent (0.2), dispersant (4.27), antifoaming agent, delustering agent, delusterant and drier; and/or(F) second composition comprising HDI and IPDI tripolymer at weight ratio of (0.05-50) to 1.The information describes that the first composition to the second composition before using is mixed at weight ratio of 100: (5-50). The paint comprises HDI and IPDI tripolymer at weight ratio of (0.05-50): 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The UV irradiation test is performed for the sealing sheet in accordance with the JISB7751 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoride-containing gas is tetrafluoromethane, trifluoromethane, carbonyl fluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, xenon difluoride, and/or elemental fluorine. The chlorine-based compounds are tetrachloromethane, mixture of trichlorosilane and hydrogen, and/or hydrogen chloride. The substrate is photovoltaic solar cell, silicon wafer, or layer deposited on substrate chosen from glass, aluminum-titanium carbide, indium tin oxide, and FR4 laminates (fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises silver particles, and a phosphorus-containing compound. Preferred Components: The copper-containing particles are at least one of: phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles; silver-coated copper particles (both preferred); and copper particles being surface treated with at least one of triazole compounds, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, inorganic metal compound salts, organic metal compound salts, polyaniline-based resins and metal alkoxides. The glass particles have a glass softening point of 600 degrees C or lower and a crystallization starting temperature of higher than 600 degrees C. The glass particles comprise diphosphorus pentoxide-divanadium pentoxide-based glass. The content of the copper-containing particles is 9-88 mass% when a total amount of the copper-containing particles and the silver particles is taken as 100 mass%. The total content of the copper-containing particles and the silver particles is 70-94 mass% and the content of the glass particles is 0.1-10 mass% and a total content of the solvent and the resin is 3-29.9 mass%. The phosphorus-containing compound is at least one of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric ester and cyclic phosphazene. EXAMPLE - Typical paste composition comprised of (in part by weight): phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles containing phosphorus (1 atom%) (39.2); silver particles with a particle diameter of 3 mu m (45.9); glass particles (including vanadium oxide (32 parts by weight), phosphorus oxide (26 parts by weight), barium oxide (10 parts by weight), tungsten oxide (10 parts by weight), sodium oxide (1 part by weight), potassium oxide (3 parts by weight), zinc oxide (10 parts by weight), and manganese oxide (8 parts by weight)) (1.7); and butyl carbitol acetate (13.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic module further comprises (from top to bottom): a front sheet; a solar cell stack film comprising a solar cell; and an encapsulant sheet adjacent to the back sheet. The solar cell is a crystalline silicon solar cell or a thin film solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil comprises a material including steel, copper, aluminum or their alloys. The pigment is titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, colemanite, aluminum trihydride, and/or borate compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric layer is a polyester dielectric layer, which comprises a material including polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or styrene-polyester copolymer. The barrier layer is a: metal foil; or polymeric layer, which comprises a material including parylene, polyimide, polyacrylamide, epoxy, polystyrene, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylidene chloride), PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, or acrylonitrile. The bituminous material is a modified bitumen composition, which comprises a bitumen (20-99 wt.%), and a modifier (1-80 wt.%) including ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl toluene, polypropylene-ethylene copolymers, polyethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, atactic polypropylene, isotactic polypropylene, thermoplastic polyolefin, amorphous poly- alpha -olefin or polychloroprene. The weather resistant layer: further comprises a pigment; and has a thickness of 10-2000 mu m. The bituminous layer has a thickness of 25-100 mu m. Preferred Process: The bituminous layer is applied in a form of film, sheet, dispersion or melt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The joining length of electron donor and electron-accepting compound is 300 mu m or more per area of 1 mu m2 of image of organic active layer, when image of organic active layer is observed with the transmission electron microscope. The lifetime of one excited state of electron donor and electron accepting compound in organic active layer is 1 ns or less. At least one of electron donor and electron accepting compound is a high molecular compound, preferably both are high molecular compounds. The electron donor has highest occupied molecular orbital of less than -4.7 eV and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of more than -4 eV. The electron donor is polythiophene or its derivative. The electron accepting compound has highest occupied molecular orbital of less than -5 eV and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of more than -4.3 eV. The electron accepting compound has benzothiadiazo structure or quinoxaline structure. The high molecular compound has imidazole-containing repeating unit of formula (I). The amount of imidazole-containing repeating unit is high with respect to total repeating units in the high molecular compound.R1-R6=H or substituent;R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6=cyclic structure;X1-X3=sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom, -N(R7)- or -C(R8)=C(R9)-;R7-R9=R1;andn,m=0-5.Preferred Layer: The standard deviation of image of organic layer by dividing into 9 division of equal area having white portion and black portion, and binarizing brightness and darkness computed from area fraction of black portion, is 0.09 or less, preferably 0.03 or more, when image of 900 nmx 900 nm is observed with electron microscope.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of silane coupling agent in layer (b) is 0.1 %mass or less with respect to solid content of layer (b). The layer (a) contains dialkoxysilane (3 parts mass or less) having amino group with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-type zinc ionomer. At least one of layer (a) and layer (b) further contains additive chosen from ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and/or antioxidant. The ethylene-type zinc ionomer is ionomer of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer. At least one of ethylene-type magnesium ionomer and ethylene-type sodium ionomer is ionomer of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer. The content of ethylene-type zinc ionomer is 60 %mass or more with respect to total mass of layer (a). The sum total content of ethylene-type magnesium ionomer and ethylene-type sodium ionomer is 60 %mass or more with respect to total mass of layer (b). The content of ethylene-type magnesium ionomer is 80 %mass or more with respect to resin material containing ionomer in layer (b). Preferred Properties: The total thickness of layer (a) and layer (b) is 0.1-2 mm. The ratio of thickness of layer (a) and thickness of layer (b) is 1/1-1/20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameter: The first optical transparency characteristic and the second optical transparency characteristic are measured at 600-700 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: At least one active semiconductor layer is one of a cadmium telluride layer and a cadmium chloride layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer-based superstrate layer is a polyimide superstrate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The linear low-density polyethylene has density of 0.91-0.93 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer is urethane-type adhesive layer. The low-density polyethylene contains inorganic-type ultraviolet absorber (0.1-30 %mass) having average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m. The film (12) comprises fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element further contains viologen, electrolytic salt and ether group-containing compound having molecular weight of 50-400. The pigment molecule is sulfur-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte is an ion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide phase is silica phase containing SiO2 structural unit. The silica content in the polymer hybrid is 1-40 wt.%, preferably 20-40 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polybenzoazole has structural units chosen from formulae (VII)-(X). The precursor is obtained using silicon-containing compounds chosen from formulae (XI)-(XIII). Alternately, the polymer phase contains polybenzimidazole containing repeating units chosen from formulae (XIV)-(XVII).R1-R3=methyl or ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Layer: The photovoltaic cell has interface layer positioned between a polymer front window layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier is flexible stainless steel foil. The release agent is zinc oxide layer applied to stainless steel carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises polyimide material. Preferred Process: A release agent is applied to surface of carrier, before depositing polyimide material. The polyimide material is modified by ionic bombardment process, primer coating process or etching process. The polymer carrier laminate is moved to processing station including sputtering deposition station, and transparent conductive oxide layer, n-type semiconductor layer, and p-type semiconductor layer are sputter deposited to the polymer-carrier laminate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The frame is made of a material selected from wood, fiberglass, vinyl, metal, and their combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The substrate is a semiconductor or a compound semiconductor material. The first bandgap is less than the second bandgap.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and fourth metal chalcogenide material is semiconductor metal oxide, semiconductor metal sulfide, semiconductor metal selenide, or semiconductor metal telluride. The second metal chalcogenide material is semiconductor metal oxide, semiconductor metal sulfide, semiconductor metal selenide, semiconductor metal telluride, or a semiconductor metal silicide. The third metal chalcogenide material is semiconductor metal oxide, semiconductor metal sulfide, semiconductor metal selenide, or semiconductor telluride. The first P type absorber layer comprises an iron disilicide material. The first N+ type window layer comprises a zinc sulfide material. The second P type absorber layer comprises a copper oxide material. The second N+ window layer comprises a zinc sulfide material. The first conductor layer and second conductor layer comprises a transparent conducting oxide material comprising zinc oxide:aluminum, stannous oxide:fluorine or indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesion layer comprises ethyl vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate, the metal interconnect material and the metal material comprise a metal foil consisting of copper, aluminum, gold, silver and/or their composites. The anode materials include a pure solid-phase element consisting of lead, cadmium, zinc, iron, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, and/or their alloys. The anode materials include a material consisting of a hydride, a graphite, an intercalation compound of lithium, a lithium-silicon alloy, a lithium-tin alloy, and an intercalation compound or alloy of sodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second cathodes and the first and second anodes comprise polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel cell stack components include at least one bipolar plate (20), one gas diffusion layer (30), or one membrane electrode assembly (40), and a gasket and/or a sub-gasket upon which the polyolefin adhesive is disposed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular weight controlling agent is organo-zinc compounds, hydrogen, oxygen, alcohols, ethers, compounds having silicon-hydrogen bond, and alkyl halides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin adhesive comprises an alpha -olefin polymer having a glass transition temperature of -30 degrees C or less. The alpha -olefin polymer is a homopolymer prepared from 1-hexene, 1-pentene, 1-isopentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-nonene, 1-dodecene, 1-undecene, 1-tridecene or 1-behenylene. The alpha -olefin polymer is a poly(1-hexene) prepared in the presence of a diethyl zinc molecular weight controlling agent. The alpha -olefin polymer is a copolymer prepared by including 5-50 wt.% of a comonomer comprising at least one of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, octadecene, styrene, nonadecene, eicosene, butadiene or behenylene. The polyolefin adhesive is disposed on the peripheral area of at least one of the fuel cell stack components. Preferred Method: The alpha -olefin polymer is prepared in the presence of a molecular weight controlling agent. The alpha -olefin polymer is prepared from at least an olefin monomer compound of formula (CH2=CH-R).R = at least 3C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thin metal sheet of each of the textile unit is made of aluminum, stainless steel or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic composition comprises (in wt.%): peppermint oil (4); lemon oil (4.5); rhubarb powder (45.5); rice flour (30); EDTA (2.4); polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (1.4); glyceryl monostearate and polyethylene glycol 100 stearate (3.5); aromatizer (7); dyes (0.7); and water (in a suitable amount). The multi-layered body is configured as a wrapping bond adapted to be tied to pipes which include coolant pipes, water pipes, gas pipes or electric wires so as to activate flowing medium inside the pipes. The non-woven fabric substrate of the leather sheet of each of the textile unit includes 11.5 wt.% of the catalytic composition. The leather coating layer of the leather sheet of each the textile unit includes 1-1.5 wt.% of the catalytic composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ramification index of polymer hydride is 0.3-0.98.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate or crosslinking agent contains aliphatic isocyanate. The adhesive composition further contains antioxidant. The antioxidant is phenolic antioxidant, phosphorus antioxidant and/or sulfur-type antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of tackifier and crosslinking agent is 10-150 parts mass and 5-50 parts mass, respectively, with respect to 100 parts mass of modified rubber. The rubber containing hydroxyl groups is isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber and/or butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin (B) is obtained by esterification and/or transesterification and polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid component and diol component. The resins (A,B) are polyethylene terephthalate resin. Preferred Properties: The resin (B) has intrinsic viscosity of 0.50 dl/g or more, amount of terminal carboxyl group of 55 equivalent/ton or less and volume resistivity of 50x 107 Omega .cm or less. The content of the compound having the atom of group II is 2-40 wt.ppm. The polyester film has intrinsic viscosity of 50x 107 Omega .cm or less and intrinsic viscosity of 0.70 dl/g or more. The amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester film is 20 equivalent/ton or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The thermal sintering agent is a different metal oxide chosen from manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, barium oxide, and cerium oxide. The content of thermal sintering agent is 10 wt.% based on the weight of metal oxide. The chemical sintering agent is aqueous solution of hexafluorotitanic acid, hexafluorozirconic acid, hydrogen fluoride, ammonium fluoride, and/or ammonium bifluoride. The solvent used for suspending the metal oxide composition is water in an amount between 300 wt.% and 500 wt.% based on the weight of metal oxide composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, or ethyl cellulose, preferably ethyl cellulose. The content of binder is 20-40 wt.% with respect to the weight of metal oxide. The adhesive agent is calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and/or flocculating agent, preferably polyacrylamide and/or polyacrylic acid, added to aid the adhesion of titania particles to each other within the film and to the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method of producing a coated particle comprises: heating the precursor particle at 300-600 degrees C; and heating the precursor particle and an organic compound. The method of exposing a precursor particle further comprises heating the precursor particles; and exposing the precursor particle to an organic compound. The method of exposing a precursor particle comprises heating the precursor particle at 300-600 degrees C. Preferred Components: In the electrochemical device: (I) is present within an electrode within the electrochemical device; at least 50 (preferably 75) wt.% of the electrode is (I); (I) is present within the electrode as lithium manganese borate; at least 20 wt.% of (I) exhibits the monoclinic crystal system; at least 50 (preferably 95) wt.% of (I) within the electrochemical device exhibits the monoclinic crystal system; and (I) exhibits an energy storage capacity of at least 96 mAh/g, when (I) is charged to 4.5 V and discharged to 2 V at a current rate of at least 11.1 mA/g. (II) consists essentially of (I). The electrode further comprises carbon. The carbon-containing coating is at least 50 wt.% of carbon. The carbon-containing coating consists essentially of carbon. The organic compound comprises sucrose. The coating is a carbon-containing coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrode further comprises binder. The binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic film is made of plastic film which comprises polyether-etherketone (PEEK) resin, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride with ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or other fluorine-containing the polymer film such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The valve core is made of nitrile rubber, butadiene styrene rubber, fluororubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quinoxaline-type repeating unit (I) is preferable of formula (III)-(VI). The content of electron-accepting compound in the functional layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of high molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The high molecular compound containing quinoxaline-type repeating unit (I), is obtained by performing Suzuki coupling reaction in presence of an inorganic base or organic base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (I) is preferably of formula (II, III, IV or V).R2,R3=H, or alkyl or alkoxy (both optionally substituted by fluoro), or aryl or arylalkyl (both optionally substituted), or heterocyclyl;two R2 groups=cyclic structure;andR8,R4=H, alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro, or aryl or arylalkyl (both optionally substituted), or heterocyclyl.The content of compound (I) in the organic layer is 0.1-10000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer compound. The organic layer further contains an electron-accepting compound and an electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is a fullerene derivative. Preferred Definitions:    rings A,B'=benzene ring or naphthalene ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbazole compound (I) with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer compound in the organic layer is 0.1-10000 parts weight. The organic layer further contains electron-accepting compound and electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative. The carbazole compound (I) is preferably 9-(4-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole, 9-(4-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-methylphenyl)-3-methylphenyl)-9H-carbazole, 9-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole, 9-(7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9H-carbazole and 9-(3,5-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer compound contains structural units of formulae (II) and/or (III).R10-R19=alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio (all optionally substituted by fluoro), alkoxy alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, aryl alkoxy, or aryl alkylthio (all optionally substituted), or H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound having amine-containing structure (I) is of formula (II or III).R1-R3=H, halo, or alkyl or alkoxy (both optionally substituted by fluoro), or aromatic group.The content of compound having structure (I) in the organic layer is 0.1-10000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer compound. The organic layer further contains an electron-accepting compound and an electron donor. The electron-accepting compound is a fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monomer is 2,5-dihalothiophene, where the 2,5-dihalothiophene is 2,5-dibromothiophene, 2,5-diiodothiophene or short wave length photoirradiation. The electron donor material is poly(3-alkyl-2,5- thiophene), where the alkyl group has 1-12C atoms or at least one derivative of a fullerene. The derivative of fullerene is: a (6,6)phenyl-61C fullerene-1-8C alkanoic acid 1-8C-alkyl ester, preferably (6,6)phenyl-61C-fullerene-butyric acid methyl ester or (6,6)phenyl-70C-fullerene-butyric acid methyl ester; or (6,6)phenyl-71C-fullerene-butyric acid alkyl ester, where the alkyl group has 1-6C atoms. The electron acceptor material comprises carbon nanotubes or derivatives of carbon nanotubes. Preferred Method: The monomer is capable of polymerizing, upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, to form a thiophene oligomer or polythiophene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The bacterial cellulose has dry weight of 40-80 g/m2. Preferred Method: The step of pumping, filtering and dewatering is carried out through vacuum pump filtering device that has dewatering rate of 40-50%. The bacterial cellulose film is processed by repeatedly washing the bacterial cellulose with distilled water; dipping the bacterial cellulose film into 1-3 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution at 80-100 degrees C; and keeping temperature for 1-2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte comprises 1 mol/L lithium salt and organic solvent. The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate or lithium hexafluorophosphate. Mass ratio of lithium salt to organic solvent is 1:1-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is polyethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate, or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Substrate comprises polymer. The photoelectric transformation layer comprises poly(3- hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta( 2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)) and polycarbazole derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate or their composition. It has particle diameter of 2-8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid flame retardant is dimethyl methylphosphonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The viscosity of base body resin is controlled at less than 300 mPa.s. The base body resin also comprises (pts.wt.) antimony oxide (5-10), accelerating agent (1-3), curing agent (1-4), and dispersing agent (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover layer is formed from a plastic layer e.g. polyvinyl fluoride foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode of solar cell is formed of aluminum oxide, and the cathode is made up of magnesium oxide, strontium or quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The grid-type upper metal electrode is formed with any one of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, chromium and copper. The grid-type bottom metal electrode is formed of platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The filament material comprises glass fiber, carbon fiber and aramid fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler comprises sand, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide or silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin comprises polyester, epoxy, vinylester or phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is made of transparent conductive material that is selected from a group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum zinc oxide (AlZn), indium zinc oxide (InZo). The solar cell has n-type dopant formed of phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus penta chloride (PCl5). The solar cell has p-type dopant which is selected from the group consisting of boron tribromide (BBr3), boron trichloride (BCl3), gallium trichloride (GaCl3), indium pentachloride (InCl5). The solar cell includes silicon formed from silicon tetrabromide (SiBru) and silicon tetrachloride (SiClu).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell has metal nanoparticles which are selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), copper (Cu), phosphorus (P), antimony (Sb), and arsenide (As). The solar cell has P-dopant and nanowire which are selected from the group consisting of boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The laminated sheet is a metal layer or a resin layer. The laminated sheet comprises interlayer comprising polymer resin having heat-sealing property and outermost layer comprising polymer resin having barrier property with respect to gas and liquid. Preferred Property: The insulating polymer film has no thermal transformation at 100-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite electron conductor layer includes at least one of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or tin oxide. The active layer includes a photosensitive dye or at least one quantum dots. The structured titanium dioxide nanoelements include ground up portions of at least one titanium dioxide nanowires, titanium dioxide nanorods, titanium dioxide nanotubes, or titanium dioxide inverse opals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixture of different sized particles includes many smaller nanoparticles and many larger structured nanoelements or nanocomponents. The larger structured nanoelements or nanocomponents include ground up portions of at least one of nanopillar, nanowire, nanorod, nanotubes or inverse opals. The mixture of different sized particles includes particles of different shapes. The composite paste further includes an additive, which is at least one of polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, or terpineol. The solar cell further comprises a hole conductor layer (18) disposed between the active layer and the second electrode. The first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode. Preferred Method: The composite paste is applied to the first electrode by screen printing. The method further comprises: sintering the electron conductor layer; and providing a hole conductor layer adjacent to the active layer, and a second electrode adjacent to the hole conductor layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The barrier layer is a metal foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The melted PBT is reinforced by glass fibers. The melted PBT is cooled down naturally, or cooled down by air convection or water quenching in a continuous or discontinuous profile. The cooling rate of the melted PBT is smaller than 2000 degrees C/minute. The melted PBT can crystallize at least 20% of solid PBT's maximum crystallinity in the cooling step. The maximum crystallinity of the solid PBT layer is at least 10%. The thickness of the solid PBT layer is at least 0.1 mm to ensure enough rigidity of the PBT layer. The barrier layer can have the first surface treated to improve adhesion between the barrier layer and the PBT layer. Preferred Components: The rapid-crystallizing polymer is PBT. The PBT layer is reinforced by glass fibers. The crystallinity of the PBT layer is at least 10% to maintain the dimensional stability of the PBT layer. The crystallites of the PBT layer are melted at greater than or equal to 100 degrees C to maintain the dimensional stability during encapsulation process for encapsulating photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module. The thickness of the PBT layer is at least 0.1 mm to ensure enough rigidity of the PBT layer. The barrier layer is a polymer film, a metalized polymer film, or an inorganic oxide coated polymer film. The weather resistant layer is made from a fluorinated polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Fiber: The conductive fiber is metal nano wire comprising silver or alloy of silver and another metal chosen from gold, palladium, iridium, platinum and osmium. The conductive fiber has average major axis diameter of 1-40 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is graft copolymer containing polymerizable oligomer having ethylenically unsaturated double bond as copolymerization unit in the terminal. The polymerizable oligomer is of formula: H2C=C(-R4)-X-L-(CH(-R5)CH2-O)m-(CH2CH2-O)n-R6 (II).R4,R6=H or methyl;X=-CO-, -C(=O)O-, -CONH-, -OC(=O)- or phenylene;L=single bond or bivalent organic coupling group;m=0-100;andn=1-100.The composition further contains water-insoluble binder having solubility parameter of 18-30 MPa1/2. The dispersing agent is contained in an amount of 0.01-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the fiber. The dispersing agent has weight average molecular weight of 5000-1000000. Preferred Definitions:    P'=group of formula (a) or its tautomer;    R2=H, or alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted);    R3=H or -N=N-R23 (b);and    R23=optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The backsheet comprises ceramic and glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The module further comprises an inorganic layer comprising inorganic oxide or inorganic nitride disposed onto the polypropylene layer. The inorganic layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide or magnesium oxide. The solar cell comprises amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The backsheet comprises stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polypropylene layer comprises a layer of bi-axial oriented polypropylene or a layer of cast polypropylene. The module further comprises a first heat-sealing layer comprising ethylene-propylene copolymer disposed between the polypropylene layer and the solar cell; a moisture barrier layer comprising polyvinyldichloride disposed on the polypropylene layer; and an oxygen barrier layer comprising ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer disposed on the polypropylene layer. The backsheet comprises a thermoplastic polymer adhered to the back surface of the solar cell. The module further comprises a second heat-sealing layer disposed between the solar cell and the backsheet, and a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive disposed between the solar cell and the backsheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The opacifying pigment is at least one titanium dioxide or barium sulfate. The ultraviolet light absorber is at least one benzophenone, benzotriazole or hindered amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the solar panel each outer layer in the laminar structure of the backing sheet: comprises opacifying pigment (3 wt.%); and has a thickness of 12-25 mu , preferably 17 mu . The thickness of the core layer in the laminar structure is 50-75 mu , preferably 65 mu . In the solar panel, at least one outer layer in the laminar structure of the backing sheet further comprises at least one ultraviolet light absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl acetate content of each outer layer in the laminar structure of the backing sheet is 4% of the copolymer. The core layer in the laminar structure of the backing sheet consists essentially of at least one olefinic polymer including ethylene vinyl acetate or low density polyethylene. The core layer in the laminar structure of the backing sheet comprises opacifying pigment (6-10 wt.%, preferably 8 wt.%). The weatherable outer layer consists essentially of polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The dye sensitized solar cell (C1) further comprises metal oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrode: The electrode (E1) further comprises metal oxide particles. Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the heat-treatment is performed at 400-500 degrees C. Preferred Components: The grain size of platinum is 1-30 nm. The metal oxide comprises titania, silica, and/or indium tin oxide. The amount of the metal oxide particles is 100-500 parts by weight (pbw) based on 100 parts by weight of platinum. The electrode composition further comprises a material for forming a micelle with the platinum salt, where the material is in an amount of 250-1000 pbw. The electrode composition further comprises metal oxide particles in an amount of 100-500 pbw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises ethyl cellulose and/or polyethylene glycol. The binder is in the electrode composition in an amount of 800-1500 pbw. The material for forming the micelle with the platinum salt is a polyethylene oxide (PEO1)-polypropylene oxide (PPO) block copolymer and/or polyethylene oxide (PEO1)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide (PEO2) block copolymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen concentration is 0.1-5 wt.%. The carbon particles are amorphous. The carbon particles and nitrogen-containing compound are mixed in a ratio of 99.5:0.5 wt.% to 70:30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The nitrogen-containing compound is poly N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, melamine-formaldehyde resin, and/or aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nanowires are comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel, gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, titanium, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and alloys thereof.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lower transition layer is made of titanium oxide (TiOx), Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin oxide (SnO2). The upper transition layer is made of Poly-ethylenedioxythiophene: poly-styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), nickel oxide (NiO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), vanadium pentoxide (V205), tungsten oxide (WO3) or poly-tungstic acid peroxide. The lower electrode is made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The upper electrode is made of silver (Ag), gold (Au), calcium (Ca), or barium (Ba).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Structure: The protective film further consists of water vapor barrier layer containing metal and/or metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture contains aluminum powder (A) (0.01-7 parts weight) and aluminum powder (B) (39.9-85 parts weight). The composition further contains porous silica (0.01-10 parts weight), cellulose or acrylate group resin (0.05-20 parts weight), inorganic binder, and additive. The inorganic binder is chosen from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, boric oxide, bismuth oxide, sodium oxide and zinc oxide. The additive is chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and bismuth oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The fuel electrode is aluminum foil (28) or zinc plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of methyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate is each, 5 parts weight. The methyl methacrylate-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate is prepared using methyl methacrylate (6 parts weight, 7 parts weight, 3 parts weight or 9 parts weight) and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate monomer (4 parts weight, 8 parts weight, 2 parts weight or 1 part weight). The doping salt is lipophilic ammonium salt chosen from trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride, tetradodecyl ammonium chloride and tridodecyl hexadecyl ammonium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second electrically conductive metal grating structures comprise a metal consisting of gold, aluminum, silver and/or copper. The dielectric material consists of silicon nitride, zinc selenide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The buffer material consists of cesium carbonate, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, vanadium pentoxide, nickel oxide and/or molybdenum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The buffer material consists a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal halides comprise titanium tetrachloride, or silicon tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The masking layer is the reaction product of plasma chemical vapor deposition using a reactant gas comprising a compound consisting of organosilicon compounds, metal alkyls, metal isopropoxides, metal oxides, metal acetylacetonates, and metal halides. The organosilicon compounds comprise tetramethylsilane, trimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, tetraethylorthosilicate, or a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The metal alkyls comprise trimethylaluminum, tributylaluminum, tributyltin, or tetramethyl gallium. The metal isopropoxides comprise titanium isopropoxide, or zirconium isopropoxide. The metal acetylacetonates comprise platinum acetylacetonates, or copper acetylacetonate. The reactive ion etching comprises a gas consisting of oxygen, fluorocarbons, nitrogen trifluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, methane and/or argon. The fluorocarbons consist of tetrafluoromethane and/pr perfluoropropane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate, triacetate cellulose, cyclic olefin copolymers, nylon, polyimide, fluoropolymers, polyolefins, polysiloxane, siloxane copolymers, or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic consists of polyester terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polytrimethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: At least one electrode comprises transparent conducting oxides or transparent conducting polymers. The conducting oxides are indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (TO), gallium indium tin oxide (GITO), zinc oxide (ZO), or zinc indium tin oxide (ZITO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: At least one electrode can comprise a metal substitute, a non-metallic material or a metallic material chosen from silver, gold, titanium, tin, or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The donor material is subphthalocyanine (SubPc), copper pthalocyanine (CuPc), chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc), tin phthalocyanine (SnPc), pentacene, tetracene, diindenoperylene (DIP), or squaraine (SQ). The acceptor material is carbon-60, carbon-70, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicbis-benzimidazole (PTCBI), phenyl-carbon-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), phenyl-carbon-70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), or hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc). The device further comprises exciton blocking layer(s). The exciton blocking layer is bathocuproine (BCP), bathophenanthroline (BPhen), PTCBI, 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), tris(acetylacetonato) ruthenium(III) (Ru(acaca)3), or aluminum(III)phenolate (Alq2OPH).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive polymers comprise polyanaline (PANI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cradle is made of a plastic casting material such as polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene, PVC and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sealing film contains optical stabilizer (0-1 part weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polymer component). The optical stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nonionic surfactant consists of glycerol fatty acid ester, polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, and/or sorbitan fatty acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Softening temperature of monovalent alkali metal ion substituted body is plus minus 10 degrees C. Preferred Components: Monovalent alkali metal ion is sodium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass is ultra-thin glass whose thickness is 0.3-0.5 mm and is treated by chemical tempering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorine containing material is monolayer fluorine containing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening agent contains silicon compound of formula: SiX2aR24-a or its partial hydrolysis condensate.R2=1-10C monovalent hydrocarbyl;X2=1-10C alkoxy;anda=2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer has repeating unit (r1) derived from fluoroolefin, and repeating unit (r2) having hydrolyzable silyl group. The repeating unit (r2) having hydrolyzable silyl group is of formula: -OC(O)NH(CH2)mSiX1nR13-n. The fluoroolefin is tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride and/or vinyl fluoride. The coating composition further contains hardening agent, phosphate ester-type curing catalyst, organic solvent and titanium oxide.R1=H or 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbyl;X1=1-5C alkoxy;n=1-3;andm=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water, ethanol and/or tertiary butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible material is conductive transparent high-molecular plastic film such as polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The electroconductive agent is mixture of acetylene black, carbon nanotube, carbon black and phosphor graphite. Preferred Component: The flow collector has an aluminum foil having thickness of 0.01-0.025 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The binder is aqueous binder containing acrylonitrile copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bromine-containing phenyl p-dioxybenzene monomer comprises 2-(4'-bromophenyl)-1,4-p-dioxybenzene monomer, 2-(2'-bromophenyl-1,4-p-dioxybenzene) monomer or 2-(3'-bromophenyl)-1,4-p-dioxybenzene monomer; first organic solvent comprising sulfolane or N-methyl pyrrolidone; azeotropy dehydrating agent comprising toluene or dimethylbenzene; and second organic solvent comprising dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The amount of lignocellulose raw material added is 0.075 mL/g. The method also includes adding Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) and continuing to hydrolyze for 120 hours. The step of performing pre-treatment on lignocellulose biomass via high temperature liquid water, and obtaining lignocellulose raw material comprises crushing lignocellulose biomass to 40-60 meshes, and where ratio of dry basis solid and liquid rate of material is 1:10-20 g/mL, and adding water to reaction system, where reaction process is carried out at 2-4MPa, 170-190 degrees C, 300-500 rpm, 15-30 minutes; and after processing, separating solid and liquid, and using water to clean pre-treatment residue, and obtaining lignocellulose raw material. The lignocellulose biomass is sugar grass stalk residue, bagasse, maize straw, corncob, straw, sawdust or fast growing energy source forestry. The stirring manner is magnetic stirring and mechanical stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor layer is made of titanium oxide material, the upper electrode is made of titanium crystal ornate material, and catalyst electrode is made of platinum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyimide film is formed on the protective film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the tube of advertising balloon is selected from silicon, PVC, acryl, polycarbonate and urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The passivation film is chosen from silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and amorphous silica. The front side metal electrode comprises (in weight%) silver powder (70-80), glass frit (5-20), resin (5-20) and remainder of organic solvent. The silver powder is flake having particle diameter of 1-20 mu m. Preferred Property: The thickness of passivation film is 5-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dielectric layer is 800 nm layer of silicon dioxide. The solar cell structure further comprises a back contact of evaporated aluminum and a top contact of titanium/palladium/silver. The grown n-type silicon layer provides additional n-type diffusion to the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar cell structure further comprises a double layer antireflection coating on the n-type silicon layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The UV radiation resistant sheet is form of clear plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive material comprises tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The material capable of absorbing or including an alkali is crown ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesion promoter is vinyl silane, methacryloxy or acryloxy silane, organo-titanate or organo zirconate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): the acrylic or methacrylic block copolymer (10-90, preferably 30-70); the acrylic or methacrylic monomer and/or oligomer (10-60, preferably 30-70); and photo-initiator (0.1-10). The composition further comprises: plasticizer (0-50 wt.%); and an adhesion promoter (0-20 wt.%). Preferred Components: The acrylic or methacrylic monomer and/or oligomer is an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate having a Tg of less than 0 degrees C, and including ethoxylated acrylates (2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate), polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, alkoxylated diacrylate, propoxylated 2-neopentyl glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, hydroxy propyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate or methacrylate, or methyl methacrylate. Preferred Definitions:    B1 = repeating units of alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, including butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, ethoxylated acrylates (2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate), 16-18C alkyl methacrylate, or polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate; and    A = repeating units of methyl methacrylate.    EXAMPLE - Typical liquid encapsulant composition comprised (in wt.%) of: Arkema DC 228 (RTM: Diblock copolymer of polybutyl acrylate and polymethyl methacrylate) (25); 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate (55); hydroxy propyl methacrylate monomer (19); and GENOCURE LTM (RTM: Liquid photo initiator blend) (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The black pigment is carbon black. Particles (A) consist of barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, alumina, clay, talc, mica, and/or white carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further comprises particles (B) having an average particle diameter of 1 mu m to 1.1x t mu m and optional melting point of 120 degrees C or more. The acrylic type copolymer is copolymer of acrylic type monomer having secondary or tertiary piperidinyl group, with substituent being introduced into 2,6-position, acrylic type monomer having functional group reactive with an isocyanate group, and another acrylic type monomer not having a benzotriazole group. Particles (B) are nitrogen-containing resin particles. The plastic film is a polyethylene terephthalate film. Preferred Properties: The protection sheet further consists of a water-vapor barrier layer. The weather-resistant resin layer has a film thickness of 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Average molecular weight (Mw) of oxazoline group-containing water-soluble polymer is 1x 104-10x 104. Preferred Processes: Inorganic thin film layer is laminated on coating layer of laminated film. Coating layer is stretched and formed in greater than or equal to 1 direction after applying coating liquid. Preferred Components: Inorganic thin film is mixture of alumina and silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of repeating unit derived from monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene is 0.1-50 mol%. The fluorine-containing copolymer is a fluoropolymer having crosslinkable group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, acid anhydride group, acid halide group, amino group, epoxy group, alkoxy silyl group and isocyanate group. The dissolution index of fluorine-containing polymer based on Hansen solubility parameter in solvent is less than 25. The dissolution index is derived from relation: R=4x ( delta d-15.7)2+( delta p-5.7)2+( delta h-4.3)2, where delta d, delta p and delta h are dispersion value, polar value and hydrogen bond value, respectively (MPa1/2). The coating composition further contains pigment component chosen from a rust preventive pigment, a color pigment and an extender. Solvent is removed from the coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer electrolyte has aromatic group, sulfonic acid group, and/or its metal salt. The metal salt is magnesium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The membrane comprises a hydrophilic polymer. The activating agent is atmospheric oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cell comprises adding a redox mediator to the one or more monomers to be polymerized. At least one of the mediators is iodide, iodine, or tri-iodide. The mediator that is added to the one of more monomers to be polymerized is one half of a redox couple, and where the activating agent is the corresponding other half of the redox couple, where the one half of a redox couple is iodide and the other half of the redox couple is iodine, and where the redox couple is iodide/oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of plasticizer is 20-40 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyvinyl acetal resin. The plasticizer contains 20-30 parts weight of diester plasticizer of formula: R1-C(=O)-O(-R3-O)p-C(=O)-R2. The ratio of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen of diester plasticizer satisfies the relation: 100x O/(C+H)=9.2 or less.R1,R2=5-10C organic group;R3=ethylene, isopropylene or n-propylene;andp=3-10.Preferred Process: The polyvinyl acetal resin is obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol having average polymerization degree of 1600-4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The fluorescent material is europium complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of coated fluorescent substance in resin composition layer is 0.0001-10 %mass. The coating layer contains silica-type compound formed by sol gel process. The sealing resin is non-hydrolytic resin. The coated fluorescent substance further has a protective layer containing a moisture-resistant material on the outer surface of coating layer. The sealing material further has transparent layer other than the resin composition layer. The moisture-resistant material is vinyl resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal nanoparticle contain iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and/or gold. The metal contained in separated is aluminum, titanium, magnesium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, hafnium, zinc, bismuth and/or antimony. The metal contained in core layer is iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, nickel and/or chromium. The outermost layer contains aluminum, titanium, magnesium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, hafnium, zinc, bismuth and/or antimony. The porous layer contains iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and/or gold. The conductive layer contains ruthenium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and/or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer layer contains a hydrophilic polymer binder. The hydrophilic polymer binder contains polymer compounds of formulae ((-CH2-CX1(OR1-OH))p-), ((-CH2-CX2(COOR2-OH))m-) and ((-CH2-CX3(CONHR3-OH))n-).X1-X3=H or CH3;R1-R3=5C or less alkylene;andp+m+n=50-100.Preferred Properties: The excimer light irradiation uses the excimer light of wavelength of 172 nm. The accumulating intensity of the excimer light irradiation is 3-40 J/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The platinum which is reduction-precipitated in liquid phase is supported on carbon nanotubes. Preferred Property: The peak ratio of D band to G band of carbon nanotube is 0.17 or less, which is measured by Raman spectroscopy. The carbon nanotube has diameter of 200 nm or less and aspect ratio of 10 or more. Preferred Process: The reduction precipitation is carried out by hydrogen reduction of platinum salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is polyolefin resin and/or fluororesin. The fluororesin contains copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride unit, tetrafluoroethylene unit and hexafluoropropylene unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound is ( pi )-conjugated polymer compound, and further contains aromatic group-containing structural unit of formula: -(Ar1)-.Ar1=bivalent aromatic group or bivalent aromatic heterocyclyl, preferably group containing thiophen ring. Preferred Definitions:    W1,W2=fluoro;    X1,X2=nitrogen;    Y1=sulfur or oxygen;    Q32'=bromo, iodo, dihydroxy boryl, boric-acid-ester residue or substituted stannyl group;and    Q31,Q32=H, dihydroxy boryl, boric-acid-ester residue or substituted stannyl.    EXAMPLE - 4,7-Dibromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (141 mg), a sulfur-containing compound (500 mg) of formula (VII) and toluene (32 ml) were added to a flask. Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (13 mg) and tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (6.52 mg) were added and stirred at 100 degrees C for 6 hours. Phenyl bromide (500 mg) was added and stirred for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled to 25 degrees C and poured into methanol (300 ml). The solution was filtered and precipitated to produce polymer. The polymer was dissolved in toluene (100 ml), and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (2 g) and water (40 ml) were added and stirred. The organic layer was washed with water and acetic acid aqueous solution, and further washed with potassium fluoride aqueous solution and water. The polymer was deposited and dried to produce high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 29000 and number average molecular weight of 14000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reinforcement unit is formed on opposing surface of circuit supporting unit by molding resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic salt is lithium metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the battery, each of the cathode and the anode has a lithium-ion intercalation/de-intercalation ability.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent includes a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    A = functional group having ether bond or ester bond, substituted carboxylic group of formula (-(C=O)-O-(X-O)a-Y1) or substituted ethyl group of formula ((CH2)b-O-Y2);    X = 1-6C alkyl or aromatic functional group;    Y1, Y2 = aromatic functional group which undergoes the electrolytic polymerization;    a = 0-10; and    b = 0-1.    EXAMPLE - Diethyleneglycol monobiphenyl ether acrylate (5 g) was weighed and placed in a two necked egg-type flask (50 ml) equipped with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, and a stirrer. Then azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 50 mg) as a polymerization initiator, was added into the flask. The oxygen gas in the flask was removed by an argon gas after the addition of dimethyl carbonate (DMC, 20 g) into the flask. The mixture was heated in the oil bath at 65 degrees C bubbling with an argon gas for 3 hours. After completing the reaction, cold methanol (30 ml) was gradually added to the reaction mixture, and worked up to give a solid polymer. The obtained polymer was dried under a reduced pressure at 60 degrees C to remove methanol, and further dried in vacuum at 80 degrees C overnight, to give a transparent and pale yellow solid polymer of propionic acid 2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethyl ester moiety (I, 3.9 g, 78%). Mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate at the volume rate of 1:1:1, lithium hexafluorophosphate was dissolved to give a concentration of 1 mol/l. Then, the polymer (I) was further added to give non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A physical blowing agent is hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, argon, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The expanded cellular material comprises less than 50 wt.% of virgin polyester resin, where the intrinsic viscosity of the exiting foam is higher than 1.4 ml/g. The expanded, cellular material further comprises: a flame retardant or its mixture to improve the fire properties; and nucleating agents or fillers. Preferred Components: The intrinsic viscosity of the post-consumer polyester resin is higher than 0.6 ml/g, preferably higher than 0.65 ml/g. Preferred Process: The post consumer resin is upgraded using reactive extrusion during the compounding process. In the process: a chain extending additive is added; a subsequent foam extrusion is conducted with chain extending additives; and nucleating agents and fillers are added. EXAMPLE - Granulated post-consumer virgin resin BC-112 was fed into the extruder with throughput of 400 kg/hour together with the reactive additive (RA) and the nucleating agent (NA). Physical blowing agent was adjusted to a level that would result in final product having density of 100 kg/m3. Immediately the viscosity increased to sufficient level and good looking foam with uniform cell structure and rectangular shape was obtained by using RA at the level of 6.5 wt.%. The process was found quite stable.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic laminar compound is smectite. The inorganic thin-film layer contains inorganic oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: An anchor-coat layer containing silane coupling agent having at least one organic functional group is formed between inorganic thin-film layer and gas-barrier resin composition layer. Preferred Composition: The addition amount of silane coupling agent is 0.1-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier resin composition further contains silane coupling agent having at least one organic functional group and crosslinking agent having hydrogen bonding groups as additive. The sum total content of silane coupling agent and crosslinking agent is 0.3-20 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of crosslinking agent and polyurethane is 10/90-90/10. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline type polymer or carbodiimide type polymer. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin layer(s) and polyvinyl-butyral-resin layer(s) are laminated on the application layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal fine wire structure is metal grid pattern. The electroconductive metal layer contains metal nanowire. Preferred Property: The thickness of organic functional layer in the organic electronic device is 1-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (C) is cyclohexanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and/or 2,3-butanediol. The content of components (B) and component (C) is 30-90 parts mass and 2-30 parts mass with respect to 1 part mass of total silicon content of component (A). The coating liquid further comprises component (D) chosen from at least one of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, cyclohexanone, N-methylpyrrolidone, and propylene glycol monobutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component (A) is polysiloxane having 1-10C fluorine-containing organic group. The total content of fluorine-containing organic group in component (A) is 5-40 mol with respect to 100 mol of total content of silicon in component (A). The component (A) is obtained by polycondensing alkoxysilane containing tetraalkoxy silane and alkoxysilane having fluorine-containing organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frame has outer side equipped with an engine room casing whose structure is made of glass fiber reinforced plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic cell system further comprises fasteners located in the exposed strips and complementary fastener members fixed to a bottom surface of the flap, and first and second wires extending from the electrical connector to wires encased in a protective member. The fastener member and complementary fastener members are hook and pile fasteners or straps and buckles. The photovoltaic cell system further comprises second several flexible photovoltaic cells fixed to the membrane below the first several photovoltaic cells, where each of the second several flexible photovoltaic cells having the top edge adjacent bottom edges of first several flexible photovoltaic and electrical connections along the top edges, and second flap having top edge bonded to the flexible membrane in an area between the first and second plurality of flexible photovoltaic cells, where the second flap extending downwardly covering the top of the second plurality of photovoltaic cells and extended from the top edge downwardly covering electrical connections of the second plurality of flexible photovoltaic cells. The cell system is mounted on hill with the upper edge of the membrane higher than the bottom of the membrane, where the flap prevents water flowing down the hill from contacting the electrical connectors. The protective member comprises low profile solid member having flat bottom and arcuate top. The solid member is a polymer. The bottom surface if adhered to the membrane. The cell system is mounted on a sloped roof surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate is prepared from polymers such as polyimide, Teflon (RTM: PTFE manufactured by dupond), Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), silicone and polymer with fluorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic-modified terpene resin is 10-100 parts weight. Preferred Property: The aromatic-modified terpene resin has hydroxyl value of 50 mg potassium hydroxide/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains acryl microparticles with volume average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less, obtained by polymerizing monomer mixture containing 0.2 %mass or more of monomer containing 2 or more radically polymerizable unsaturated bonds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic polymer contains 2-8 %mass of propylene type thermoplastic elastomer with respect to 100 %mass of sum total of the elastomer and propylene type thermoplastic resin. Preferred Properties: The hydrogenated terpene resin has softening point of 140 degrees C or more and the modified resin has softening point of 100 degrees C or more. The sealing material has total light transmittance of 90% or more measured according to JIS K 7361-1 and adhesive strength of 35 N or more measured at 23 degrees C by 180 degrees peeling after immersing in 80 degrees C warm water for 3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst powder contains carbon particles in the weight ratio of 0.3-0.7 with respect to the weight of platinum supported carbon catalyst in the platinum elution suppression material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode is negative electrode containing lithium metal, lithium intercalation compound or lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The agent further contains fluorine-containing polymer having fluorine-containing repeating unit of formula: -(Ar"-CN) in side chain.Ar"=Ar'.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive pinning elements are made of titanium, chrome, nickel, nickel chrome alloy, glass and/or polymer. The first conductive layer is formed of aluminum. The second conductive layer is formed of silver. The semiconductor substrate is formed of doped silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bond layer is made from a group consisting of epoxy, polyurethane, methacrylate and acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogenated carrier consists of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with oxygen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl, alkoxy, ketone, ether or polyether substituents, pi-conjugated molecules comprising 5 membered rings, pi-conjugated molecules comprising six and five membered rings with nitrogen or oxygen hetero atoms, and extended pi-conjugated organic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid phase electro-active component material is a metal halogen compound. The metal halogen is selected from metal chloride, metal iodide and metal fluoride. The metal halogen is a metachloride selected from silver chloride and copper chloride. The alkali metal is lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lithium electroactive component material is selected from lithium metal, lithium alloy, and lithium intercalation material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas is argon gas, or mixture of argon and oxygen gas. The gas barrier layer contains oxide, nitride or compound of silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium and/or magnesium, preferably silicon oxide of formula: SiOx. The gas barrier layer is formed by vacuum evaporation method.x=1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing catalyst is iron acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate aluminum acetonate, tin tetrachloride, diisopropoxy bis acetyl acetonato-titanium and/or dihydroxy bislactato-titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A polymeric resin (b) is further laminated on gas barrier layer. The polymeric resin is formed by mixing silane coupling agent. A curing catalyst is further added to polymeric resin layer (a) and/or polymeric resin layer (b) during manufacture of gas barrier film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas barrier layer comprises oxide or nitride of silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, and/or magnesium. The gas barrier layer is silicon oxide of formula SiOx. The curing catalysts are iron acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, aluminum acetylacetonate, tin tetrachloride, diisopropoxy bisacetyl acetonato titanium, and dihydroxy bislactate titanium.x=1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first silane type compound comprises gamma -glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, or gamma -glycidoxy propyl triethoxysilane. The second silane type compound is tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxy propyl triethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxy propylmethyl diethoxysilane, gamma -acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma -mercapto propyl trimethoxysilane, and/or gamma -isocyanate propyl triethoxysilane. Preferred Process: The resin is obtained by adding greater than or equal to 50 weight part of first polymeric resin with respect to 100 weight part of first silane type compounds and producing liquid mixture, adding hydrochloric acid or acetic acid to liquid mixture so that pH of liquid mixture is 3-5 and producing main ingredient, diluting main ingredient and producing dilution liquid, and adding 1-10 weight part of curing catalyst for promoting hardening of first silane type compound to dilution liquid with respect to 100 weight part of first silane type compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic laminar compound is smectite. The inorganic thin film layer contains inorganic oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is silane coupling agent having organic functional group(s). The total content of coupling agent and/or cross-linking agent is 0.3-20 %mass. The cross-linking agent is cross-linking agent containing hydrogen bonding groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photoinitiator is a compound which produces an acid which can initiate cationic polymerization by irradiation of active energy ray.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The resin (A) contains 20-100 parts mass of monomer unit having 3-5 membered cyclic ether group, with respect to 100 parts mass of the compound (C). The compound (C) is glycidyl ether epoxy resin, glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, glycidyl ester type epoxy resin or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. Preferred Process: The polymerization is carried out in the presence of epoxy compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic-type pigment comprises titanium oxide and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The easily-adhesive resin layer contains polyisocyanate resin chosen from aliphatic polyisocyanate resin, alicyclic polyisocyanate resin and aromatic-aliphatic polyisocyanate resin. The fluororesin is copolymer resin containing resin having hydroxyl-containing monomer as crosslinking point of tetrafluoroethylene and isocyanate group in repeating structure. The ratio of hydroxyl equivalent of fluororesin and isocyanate equivalent of polyisocyanate resin is 10/1-10/7. Preferred Layer: The solar-cell backside sealing sheet has weatherproof and ultraviolet-blocking-property resin layers containing ultraviolet absorber on opposite side with respect to easily-adhesive resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbodiimide compound is biscarbodiimide or aromatic polycarbodiimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of silane coupling agent to water in solution is 1:3; hydrolyzing at 40-60 degrees C; reacting for 20-40 minutes; and pH of hydrolyzed solution is 3-5. Preferred Processes: The hydrolyzing temperature is 45 degrees C, and pH is 3.5. The reaction residence time is 35 minutes. The mixing method comprises mixing and crosslinking pre-hydrolyzed silane coupling agent with EVA resin. The pre-hydrolyzing silane coupling agent comprises adding ethyl alcohol into hydrolyzed solution, hydrolyzing at 60-90 degrees C for 60-90 minutes and adjusting pH of hydrolyzed solution to 3-5. The hydrolyzing temperature is 65 degrees C, and pH is 3.5. The reaction residence time is 80 minutes. The mixing silane coupling agent with EVA resin comprises spraying pre-hydrolyzed silane coupling agent on surface of the EVA resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oxidoreductase is laccase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The redox mediator is 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fluorinated benzene comprises one material selected from hexafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrafluorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene, and/or 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ion-conducting polymer comprises a product of polymerization between (meth)acrylic polymer (preferably polyethylene oxide having a (meth)acryl group) and (meth)acrylic monomer (preferably 2-ethylhexylacrylate or 2-ethylhexylmethacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protecting material further contains 0.01-20 parts weight of organosilicon compound having hydrolyzable condensation group, 0.01-5 parts weight of radical generator, 0.01-5 parts weight of crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts weight of the elastomer, and ultraviolet absorber. The organosilicon compound is alkyl tri-1-4C alkoxysilane, silane coupling agent having vinyl group or silane coupling agent having (meth)acryloyl group. The half life temperature of the radical generator in one hour is higher than the melting point of the elastomer. The crosslinking agent has two or more vinyl groups in a molecule. Preferred Property: The persistence of the ultraviolet absorber after irradiating xenon lamp with irradiation illumination intensity of 180 W/m2 in back panel temperature of 44 plus minus 2 degrees C for 200 hours, is 80% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The copolymer elastomer contains chain shaped 2-4C ( alpha )-olefin and polycyclic olefin in the molar ratio of 80/20-99/1. Preferred Properties: The elastomer has crystallinity degree of 20% or less, glass transition temperature of 30 degrees C or less and storage elastic modulus (E') of 50-200 MPa at 25 degrees C. The protecting material with thickness of 0.5 mm has haze of 20% or less measured according to JIS K7105.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is working electrode, and has proton-donating surface having hydroxyl group, or proton-preloaded surface, and contains mesoporous silica or aluminosilica material. The monomer is pyrrole or thiophene. The nitrosyl precursor is nitrate or nitrite. The composition further contains a metal salt. Preferred Process: The composition further contacts auxiliary and reference electrodes, and an electric potential bias is applied between the working and auxiliary electrodes. Inorganic particles are electrochemically derived from the metal salt and deposited with conductive polymer on the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The nylon resin material is formed by either: a single-step extrusion process comprising (a) compounding the nylon resin material with at least one mineral additive (5-40 wt.%), (b) melting the compounded nylon resin material, (c) extruding the compounded nylon resin material into a film, (d) cooling the film on a casting drum or a three-roll casting device and (e) winding the film onto a suitable core; or a two-step extrusion process comprising using a twin screw extruder to steps (a) and (b) as per above se and extrude the compounded nylon resin material, conveying the extruded compound to a strand die for cooling and cutting of the cooled nylon resin material into pellets, feeding the pellets into a single screw extruder, extruding the pellets into a film using the single screw extruder, and steps (d) and (e) as above per se. The step (a) further comprises compounding the nylon resin material with an additional additive of titanium dioxide. Preferred Components: The nylon resin material is RILSAN PA11 grade BESNO-TL (RTM: Nylon-11) and/or GRILAMID XE 4019 (RTM: Nylon-1010). The photovoltaic backsheet has a thickness of 1-14 mils.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral additive comprises: substantially platelet-shaped mineral particles; and at least one ingredient including talc, mica, quartz, glass, glass flakes, clay, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate, VERTAL 503 (RTM: Highly lamellar talc/carbonate mineral pigment) (preferred), and/or titanium dioxide. The mineral additive further comprises an additional additive of titanium dioxide, which has a loading range of 2-5 wt.%. The photovoltaic backsheet has a continuous duty temperature rating of at least 125 degrees C and a relative temperature index of greater than or equal to 105 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polysilsesquioxane is of formulae (A) and (B). The thin film has a surface roughness of 0.5 nm or smaller; and a thickness of 50-500 nm. The light emitting material is coated on the substrate by spin coating.R = optionally substituted phenylene based, pyrene-based, rubrene-based, coumarin-based, oxazine-based, carbazole-based, thiophene-based, iridium-based, porphyrin-based, azo-based dye group bonded phenyl-based ring, a heterocyclic ring, or a photoactive functional group having a double or triple bond in a ring, and their derivative, preferably N-alkyl-substituted carbazole; andn = 1-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The hollow member, the central member, and the non-intumescent material layer are fabricated from ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The intumescent material comprises graphite-based intumescent materials, ceramic-based intumescent materials, vermiculite/mineral fiber based intumescent materials, or ammonium polyphosphate based intumescent materials. The intumescent material has an activation temperature of 75-150 degrees C, 100-200 degrees C, or 200-300 degrees C; and exhibits a volume expansion of less than 20x (preferably less than 2x) after reaching the activation temperature. The hollow member, the central member, and the non-intumescent material layer are fabricated from metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The intumescent material comprises thermoplastic elastomers. The hollow member, the central member, and the non-intumescent material layer are fabricated from plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic cell is made into thin film which comprises silicon, where the silicon is one of amorphous silicon, protocrystalline silicon, nanocrystalline silicon, and black silicon, where efficiency of the conversion of the solar energy to the electrical current is greater than 14%. The battery is lithium iron phosphate battery, where the lithium iron phosphate battery is rechargeable battery comprising lithium iron phosphate which is cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The battery is nickel metal hydride battery, where the nickel metal hydride battery is rechargeable battery comprising the hydrogen absorbing alloy which is anode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Tin chloride, solid solution of zirconium-magnesium oxide, solid solution of zirconium-calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, ( beta )-alumina, ion exchange inorganic substance of silicon carbide-monooxynitride or silicon-zirconium phosphate is provided between the electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The ion exchange resin is polyacrylamide methylpropane sulfonic acid. Alternately, the nonaqueous electrolyte contains polymer blend comprising the ion exchange resin and another crystalline polymer. The crystalline polymer is atactic polystyrene, acrylonitrile styrene copolymer or copolymer of atactic polystyrene, acrylonitrile and styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material contains reinforcement electrolyte, additive, Lewis' acid, phosphate ester and inorganic particles. The plasticizer contains low molecular weight compound that has the lithium ion coordination part or the lithium ion repulsion part.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-ion-conduction part containing structure contains a silicon-oxygen bond type structure containing cross-linked silane compound of formula (R6-(Si(R2)(R3)-R1)m1-Si(R4)(R5)-R7) (I).R1=1-50C bivalent hydrocarbon or O;R2-R7=H, CH3, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, vinyl, allyl, hydroxyl or "-O-Si-";andm1=greater than or equal to 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode active material contains metal oxide of one or more of 6 compounds, e.g. group of formulae Li2MPO4F, Li3M2(PO4)3, Li2MSiO4, MF3, LixTiyO4-(delta) and/or LiaAbDcPO4.M,A=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and/or Cu;x=0.8-1.4;y=1.6-2.2;delta =0-0.05;D=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y and/or rare earth elements;a=0-2; andb,c=0-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The capacitor type storage battery includes alkali free glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyether terephthalate, polyamidoimide, polystyrene, and polyetheretherketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A photonic layer (1) made of the plastic molding, a dielectric interference filter or a photonic crystal is arranged in the arrangement. The photonic layer made of the dielectric interference filter is formed as edge filters or band-pass filters. The photonic layer is formed as an inverse opal. A flat reflector (3) is arranged below the plastic molding. The reflector comprises a mirror, a white film or a plate. The photonic layer made of plastic molding and a reflector are arranged below the plastic molding.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fluorescent dye is based on: rylene, perylene, terylene and/or quaterylene; lanthanide complex compounds; or nanoscopic semiconductor structures (quantum dots).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The coating is prepared from at least one individual film or film composite by wet lamination, dry lamination, thermal lamination or extrusion lamination. The individual films are prepared by extrusion. The film composite is prepared by coextrusion or by wet lamination, dry lamination, thermal lamination or extrusion lamination. The plastic molding is dyed with an organic fluorescent dye. EXAMPLE - Methyl methacrylate (940 parts by weight) and methyl acrylate (60 parts by weight) were dissolved in dilauroyl peroxide (0.34 parts by weight) and 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate (3 parts by weight). Then a mixture of (in parts by weight) Lumogen F Yellow 083 (RTM: Perylene) (2), Lumogen F orange 240 (RTM: Perylene) (2) and Lumogen F red 305 (RTM: Perylene) (4) were added to this. Then the mixture was stirred and polymerized for 24 hours in a water bath at 60 degrees C. Then the mixture was subjected to final polymerization at 120 degrees C for 10 hours. Then the obtained material was granulated and extruded to obtain a film with a thickness of 75 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is formed of material selected from a group comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacetyl cellulosic (PAC), polyethylene (PE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene imine (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyacrylate (PA), polyethersilfon (PES) and cyclo olefin copolymers (COC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The N-type impurity is aluminum oxide or boron. The transparent conductive glass is indium-tin oxide or zinc oxide transparent conductive glass. The protective glass is nitrogen or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The product of crystal size of the polyester layer is more than 30 nm3. The change in content of terminal carboxyl group in the polyester film after heat processing at 125 degrees C and 100% relative humidity is 110 equivalent/ton or less, and is calculated using the formula: change of terminal carboxyl group content=C1-C0, where C1 is the initial content of terminal carboxyl group in the polyester and C1 is the content of terminal carboxyl group in the polyester after heat processing of 72 hours. Preferred Composition: The polyester layer contains dicarboxylic acid structural component and diol structural component as main components, and 0.005-2.5 mol% of structure component having trifunctional or more carboxylic group and/or hydroxyl group. The polyester has crystallinity degree of 20-38% in the first run of the differential scanning calorimetry. The difference of melting point of the polyester resin obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and heat processing temperature is 35-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: A carbon number of linear alcohol ethoxylates is 8-10 or 12-14 and an adduct number of ethylene oxide is 3-20. A carbon number of alkyl group of alkyl polyglycosides is 8-10, 12-14, or 8-14. The cosolvent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, and ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The sorbitan polyoxyethylene ether fatty acid ester is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate. An adduct number of ethylene oxide of polyoxyethylene castor oil is 10-130. An adduct number of ethylene oxide of sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is 2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic white pigment is titanium white, barium sulfate, alumina, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide and magnesium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The crosslinker in the bonding weather-proof layer is dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, butyl peroxide, diisopropyl benzene hydroperoxide and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5 butyl peroxide hexane. The UV resistant stabilizer is salicyl-ester phenyl ester, UV absorbent UV-P, UV absorbent UV-O, UV absorbent UV-9, UV absorbent UV-531, UV absorbent UVP-327, UV absorbent RMB, light stabilizer AM-101, light stabilizer GW-540, light stabilizer 744, and/or light stabilizer HP. The anti-thermal oxidative aging stabilizer is 2,6-butyl-4-methylphenol, di(3,5-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) thioether, tetra( beta -(3,5-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester, and/or 2,2'-methylene-di-(4-methyl-6-t-butyl phenol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The acryl coating layer is formed using an acryl emulsion containing (in wt.%) acryl binder resin (2-10), melamine-based crosslinking agent (0.2-4), curing catalyst (0.02-0.5) and water (remainder) with respect to 100 wt.%. The crosslinking agent consists of methoxymethyl methylol melamine. The acryl coating layer has thickness of 50-300 nm. The fluorine coating layer has thickness of 10-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organopalladium catalyst or organopalladium catalyst and/or organophosphine ligand. The content of catalyst is 0.5-10% with respect to anthracene-type compound (II). The organic solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or N,N-dimethyl formamide. The alkaline solution is metal hydroxide, aqueous solution of metal carbonate, or aqueous solution of alkyl ammonium hydroxide. The volume of alkaline solution is 5-10 times with respect to anthracene-type compound (II). The molar ratio of organopalladium catalyst with respect to organophosphine ligand in the mixture is 1:2-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Anthracene-type compound of formula (II) and bromine-containing compound of formula (III) are subjected to polymerization reaction in presence of a catalyst, an alkaline solution and an organic solvent under oxygen-free environment to obtain anthracene/benzoselenadiazole copolymer (I). Preferred Process: The product obtained after polymerization reaction is purified by dissolving polymerized product in chloroform, subjecting to chromatography column containing neutral aluminum oxide, removing the catalyst, evaporating the product of polymerization reaction and chloroform solution under rotating, adding methanol solvent, stirring for several hours, drying by heating, and extracting copolymer by Soxhlet extractor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The inclusion of the electro-conductive material i.e. carbon powder, a metal powder, and a metal-alloy powder involves applying the electro-conductive material to the substrate. The applying step is performed by at least one of electroless plating and conductive spraying. The process further involves the step of attaching a tap to the substrate. The temperatures of steps (b)-(d) are 15-25 degrees C. The process further involves the step of immersing the RPUF in a mixture of P-toluene sulfonic acid and furfuryl alcohol. The electroplating of step (c) is carried out by electroplating lead or a lead-containing substance to the substrate. The electroplating of step (c) is carried out by electroplating a lead-containing substance chosen from: a lead- sliver alloy, a lead-tin alloy, and a lead-tin-silver alloy. The electroplating of step (c) is carried out by electroplating nickel or a nickel-containing alloy to the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate provided at step (a) is reticulated polyurethane foam (RPUF). The RPUF is cross-linked.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The side chain comprising sulfonic acid group is structure containing imide group of 6-membered ring structure. The principal chain containing imide group of 6-membered ring structure is of formula (I). The side chain comprising sulfonic acid group is of formula (II).X=aromatic group;Y'=aromatic group having sulfonic acid group in side chain;Z=aromatic group having sulfonic acid group;andm,n,l=integers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ratio of weight average molecular weight of graft side chain and weight average molecular weight of principal chain of graft-type polyimide electrolyte is more than 0.01 to less than 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: At least one portion of the silanol group on the surface of silica particles is modified using hydrophobizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polyoxyethylene compound (I) and ethylene carbonate is 65/35-53/47. The etherification rate of polyoxyethylene compound (I) is 95% or more. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains (in parts mass) unsaturated cyclic carbonate, halo-substituted cyclic carbonate, additive including cyclic sulfone acid and/or cyclic sulfite ester (0.1-20), silica particles (2-15), polymer of compound having radically polymerizable unsaturated double bond (5-30), and cyanoethyl group-containing compound of formula: R3O-(A2O)m-R4 (II).R3,R4=1-6C hydrocarbyl or cyanoethyl, where at least one of R3 and R4 is cyanoethyl group;A2O=oxyethylene group;andm=1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The component (c) has boiling point of 120 degrees C or less. Preferred Composition: The extending agent (c) is modified glycol, glycol polymer and/or glycerol. The laminated porous film has beta -crystal activity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material layer is a biaxially-stretched polyester film, a biaxially-stretched nylon film, or a bilayer film formed by laminating biaxially-stretched polyester film and biaxially-stretched nylon film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane with respect to t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate in the crosslinking agent is 1/99-9/91. The sealing film further contains crosslinking adjuvant. The content of crosslinking adjuvant is 0.1-3.0 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The crosslinking adjuvant is triaryl isocyanurate. Preferred Property: The volume resistivity of the sealing film after crosslinking is 6x 1014 Omega .cm or more, at 60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin layer (12) is formed by heat-processing the film (A) containing saturated polyester resin. A light having wavelength of 400-1400 nm, is radiated to the surface of resin layer (11), and the resin layer (11) has reflectance of 50% or more, with respect to light. Preferred Composition: The back surface protective film further contains water-vapor barrier layer including vapor deposition film containing metal and/or metal oxide, which is provided between the resin layers (11 and 12). Preferred Property: The back surface protective film has thickness of 30-600 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step (c1) is carried out at least 900 degrees C. The acidifying step (d1) is performed at least 80 degrees C. The method further comprises polymerizing the aniline using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent. The first and second temperatures are at least 900 degrees C, where the second mixture is acidified at least 80 degrees C. Preferred Components: The cobalt-containing precursor is cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate. The electroconductive carbon supporting material and electroconductive carbon compound are carbon black. The iron-containing precursor is ferric chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethyleneamine is ethylenediamine and/or diethylenetriamine. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocomposite material is a mixture containing at least two inorganic materials including aluminum oxides, silicone oxides, silicone nitrides, silicone oxide nitrides, magnesium oxides, indium oxides or magnesium fluorides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic/inorganic hybrid thin film passivation layer has: a multilayer laminate structure by repeatedly forming one pair of the organic polymer passivation layer and inorganic thin film passivation layer; or a vertical laminate structure of the inorganic thin film passivation layer deposited on the organic polymer passivation layer or the organic polymer passivation layer deposited on the inorganic thin film passivation layer. The photocurable polymer includes epoxy resins, acrylate resins, thermocurable polyimide or thermocurable polyethylene. The organic polymer passivation layer has a thickness of 0.1-10 mu m. The inorganic thin film passivation layer has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mu m. The substrates include materials including polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyimide or polyethylene sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The front end grill comprises chrome plated metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar panel is topped with transparent top of plastic or glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system includes a lens i.e. Fresnel lens, that is made of polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive nickel slurry further contains heavily-doped silicon powder, 0.1-20% magnesium powder, titanium powder or oxide of magnesium powder or titanium powder, and 0.1-20% lithium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is pine oil, terpineol, butyl carbitol acetate or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-1-isobutyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin is ethyl cellulose or polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorbing layer contains chalcopyrites structure and element of group IB, group IIIA and/or group VIA. The group IB is copper. The group IIIA is indium and/or gallium. The group VIA is selenium and/or sulfur. The transparent conductive layer is made of nickel oxide/aluminum, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide, indium sulfide, indium selenide or zinc magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium oxide nanoparticle aggregate is polycrystal, and has anatase type crystallization at 800 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The compound (A) is titanium fluorocomplex of formula: X2TiF6. The solution (S') further contains fluorine ion supplement agent and an organic compound having hydroxyl group in a molecule. The molar ratio of concentration of compound (a) in solution (S') with respect to concentration of fluoride ion supplement agent in solution (S') is more than 1.5 times. The fluorine ion supplement agent is boric acid or aluminum. The porous titanium oxide film further contains titanium oxide nanoparticles (B) having average primary particle diameter of 5-100 nm. The porous titanium oxide film has a layer containing titanium oxide nanoparticles (B) and layer containing titanium oxide nanoparticles aggregate.X=NH4, H, sodium or potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound having hydroxyl group, is a compound having hydroxyl group and oxyalkylene group, preferably ethylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The olefin thermoplastic resin contains high acid modification resin with acid modification amount of 1-10 mass%. High acid modification resin is 1-30 mass%. The olefin thermoplastic resin is polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or alpha -polyolefin. Thermoplastic elastomer is olefin thermoplastic elastomer and/or styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. Silane coupling agent is a compound having an epoxy group. Silane coupling agent is 0.5-10 mass%. The adhesive sealing material contains resin particle consists of crosslinked acrylic polymer and/or crosslinked styrene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of nitrogen atom with respect to total amount of nitrogen atom and oxygen atom in modified region is 0.1-1. Plasma exposure is performed using gas chosen from inert gas, noble gas and reducing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains inorganic filler and compatibilizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The diol is polycarbonate diol. The polymer is polyester and/or polyester polyurethane. The content of diol and polymer is 5-60 weight% and 20-90 weight%, respectively, with respect to total content (100 weight%) of diol, polymer and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plastic molded body is colored with an organic fluorescent dye on a basis of rylene, perylene, terylene and/or quaterylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulation board is made of polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first semiconducting layer comprises telluride, selenide and/or sulfide (preferably cadmium telluride, cadmium zinc-telluride, tellurium-rich cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfur telluride, cadmium manganese telluride, cadmium magnesium telluride, mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe)), or other CdTe-based systems; copper indium disulfide (CIS), copper indium diselenide (CIS), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), copper indium gallium sulfur selenium (CIGSS), copper indium gallium aluminum sulfur selenium and/or copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS). The transparent window layer further comprises, zinc telluride, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfur oxide, and/or copper oxide. The transparent window layer comprises CdS1-yOy (where y is 0.01-0.5), and oxygen. The transparent conductive layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide selected from cadmium tin oxide, zinc tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower resin layer consists of material selected from a group including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), OPP, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), thermo plastic elastomer (TPE), ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene (ETFE) and aramid film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking adjuvant is trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, triaryl cyanurate, triaryl isocyanurate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and/or 1,9- nonanediol diacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fireproof glass sheet is lithium oxide-aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide series transparent fireproof microcrystalline glass, single sheet fireproof borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate fireproof glass or high strength single sheet cesium potassium fireproof glass. The fireproof glass sheet has thickness of 2-4 mm, where each layers of fireproof glass sheet has thickness of 0.1-1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The seal rubber film is one of high temperature resisting polyvinyl butyral and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat resistant porous layer further contains inorganic filler, where inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat resistant resin is chosen from aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketon, polyether, ketone, polyether imide and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of inorganic fine particles is 75-180 volume% with respect to total volume of binder. Inorganic fine particles contain silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and/or tin oxide. Preferred Property: The volume average particle diameter of inorganic fine particles is 0.02-2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support comprises polyester comprising polyethylene terephthalate. The content of carboxyl group in polyester is 2-35 equivalents/ton. The binder comprises polyolefin, polyester and/or (meth)acrylic-type polymer, and has crosslinked structure formed using an oxazoline-based crosslinking agent. The sealing material comprises ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer-type polymer. Preferred Property: The backsheet has surface electrical resistance of 8.5-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is chosen from alkylether of methylol melamine or its condensate, or multifunctional vinylether compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cured material of polyimide is of formula (I).R1=S, cyano or bivalent 1-3C alkyl;R=tetravalent organic group or 4-12C tetravalent aliphatic group;n=1-4;anda=0-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transmitting substrate is made of glass material or plastic rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type semiconductor material contained in the additional layer comprises zinc oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type carbon semiconductor material comprises fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphenes and nanographenes and their soluble derivatives, and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate. The nitrogenous aromatic group comprises pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers of the non-covalent compound include polyvinylpyrimidines, polyvinylpyrazines, polyvinylpyridazines, poly(2-vinyl-pyridine) and poly(4-vinyl-pyridine). The fluorinated polymer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinylether. The p-type organic semiconductor material comprises copolymers based of thiophene, carbazole, benzothiadiazole, cyclopentadithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole, and poly(3-hexylthiophene). The additional layer comprises poly(4-vinyl-pyridine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The barrier material comprises a dielectric material consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, tantalum oxide, and zirconium oxide. The first electrode comprises a conductive material consisting of aluminum, gold, silver, molybdenum and/or molybdenum selenide, and a transparent conductor oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coupling material consists of an ethylene vinyl acetate and poly vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: An anti-reflective film is applied to the outside of the first top surface for reducing reflection of the light when the light enters the first wedged concentrator component through the first top surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aliphatic polyisocyanate is isocyanurate-modified polyisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Units: The polycarbonate diol contains 40-100 mol% of structural units of formula: -(CH2)n-O-C(=O)-O-, and the polyether diol contains 25-100 mol% of structural units of formula: -(CH2)n-O-. Preferably, the polyether diol contains 50 mol% or more of structural units of formula: -(CH2)4-O- and 5-50 mol% or 0.1-50 mol% of structural units of formula: -CH2-C(-CH3)2-CH2-O-. The polyether diol contains 50 mol% or more of structural units having only alcoholic hydroxyl group at the terminal.m=3, 4, 5 or 6;andn=2-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing sheet comprises (in parts weight) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (100) and t-hexyl peroxy isopropyl monocarbonate (1 or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The number of the PVC thin plates is 25. The PVC thin plates are arranged parallelly at lower portion of the top plate. The thickness of the PVC thin plates is 200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon nitride solution is mixed solution of silicon nitride powder and pure water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The purity of polysilicon material is 99.99999%. Preferred Process: The polysilicon ingots are adhered on the crystal supporter by polyurethane foaming joining agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene compound (I) is preferably of formula (II).X1-X4=optionally substituted carbon or nitrogen, and forms aromatic ring substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, amino or alkylthio;L1,L2=optionally substituted atom having sp3 hybrid orbital;n=1-4, preferably 2 or more;m,l=0 or more, preferably 1;andFLN=60C fullerene or 70C fullerene.The organic layer is bulk heterojunction layer containing compound (I) and conjugated polymer material. Preferred Definitions:    L1,L2=optionally substituted atom having sp3 hybrid orbital;and    m+l=2 or 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The layer of transparent conductive oxide is made of aluminum doped zinc oxide. The reflective back electrode is made of silver. The light absorbing active layer comprises a layer of amorphous silicon and a layer of microcrystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The relief textured transparent cover plate is made of a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The length-diameter ratio of the copper nano-wire is 100-1000. The diameter of the copper nano-wire is 20-500 nm. The binding agent is propylene glycol, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The bivalent copper salt is copper chloride, copper sulfate and/or copper nitrate. The controlled concentration of the copper ions is 10-100 mM. The aliphatic alkylamine is n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, tetradecylamine, cetylamine and/or octadecylamine. Preferred Method: The graphene in the step (a) is obtained through a chemical vapor deposition method, which comprises taking copper foam, cobalt foam and/or nickel foam, and metallic copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and/or zinc sulfide particles, which are supported by an inert material as a catalyst, heating the catalyst to 600-1000 degrees C for 0-60 minutes, guiding the catalyst into a carbon source, hydrogen and a protective gas, where gas flow quantity is 1-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute (ml/minute), performing chemical vapor deposition for 1-60 minutes, after reaction, controlling cooling rate at 10-300 degrees C/minute, cooling to room temperature, and discarding the catalyst and the support material from an obtained product to obtain graphene. The copper nano-wire in the step (a) is obtained by (i) taking an aqueous solution of a bivalent copper salt and an aliphatic alkylamine, (ii) adding the aqueous solution of the bivalent copper salt to the aliphatic alkylamine, and controlling a molar ratio of copper ions to the aliphatic alkylamine within (1:1)-(1:20), and (iii) stirring the mixture for 1-10 hours, sealing the mixture to react, increasing the temperature to 120-200 degrees C for 10-60 hours, cooling to the room temperature, and washing and drying the mixture centrifugally to obtain the copper nano-wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises applying nano titanium dioxide pulp in thickness of 10-15 mu m and in granularity of 10-100 nm on transparent conductive glass, applying layer of porous ball titanium dioxide pulp in thickness of 5-10 mu m, sintering for 30 minutes at 500 degrees C to form double layer titanium dioxide coating, cooling to 80 degrees C, soaking in dye, boiling for 24 hours, washing with ethanol and blowing with nitrogen to obtain dye sensitized solar cell optical anode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal element is titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, niobium, molybdenum and/or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is a superconductive carbon black, acetylene black and/or carbon material with a resistivity of 2 ohm.meter. The conductive substrate is a conductive glass, a metallic substrate or a plastic substrate. Preferred Method: The nitriding comprises heating at 200-1000 degrees C for 0.5-12 hours in the presence of ammonia, hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas or hydrazine. The carbonizing comprises heating at 200-1000 degrees C for 0.5-12 hours in the presence of inert gas, methane, ethane, propane or butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible beam is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and PVC materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A directional valve is installed between the micro pump and the reactor. The solid reactant in the reactor is aluminum, aluminum alloy and/or lithium borohydride. The micro pump is a micro water pump or a micro gas pump. An upper part of the reactor, the water inlet and a lower part of the air outlet are arranged with horizontal baffle plates. The reactor, the water storing tank, the pipe and the valve are made up of stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or polypropylene plastics. The hydrogen outlet pipe is provided with a pressure adjusting valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The mass ratio of the graphene oxide and the positively charged polyelectrolyte solution is 1:1-1:20, stirring time is 2-5 hours, revolving speed of the centrifugal machine is 3000-10000 r/minute, and centrifuging time is 10-20 minutes. The concentration of the soaking solution is 0.1-10 mg/mL, pH value is 1-14, and soaking time in the solution is 10-25 minutes. The pH values of the positively charged polyelectrolyte solution and the positively charged graphene oxide-polymer compound solution is 7-14, and the pH value of the polyelectrolyte solution with the negative charge is 1-7. Hot crosslinking process is carried out for 2-8 hours. Preferred Components: The substrate is glass, quartz, monocrystalline silicon or mica. The polyelectrolyte solution with the negative charge is a polyacrylic acid or poly sodium styrenesulfonate. The positively charged polyelectrolyte solution is poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, linear polyvinylamine or branching polyvinylamine. Preferred Process: The manufacturing method includes heating and boiling the substrate with the decoration positive charge on the surface in a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, washing with water and blowing drying, and then soaking into the polyvinyl or poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, so that the surface can have a positive charge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic solvent is a mixture of acetone, dimethyl terephthalate, dipropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetylamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, trimethyl phosphate, diacetone alcohol, and/or glycol ether. Weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is 40-80% of total weight of polyvinylidene fluoride and organic solvent. Polyvinylidene fluoride film contains 20-60 wt.% of solvent before longitudinal drawing and 5-10 wt.% of solvent before transverse drawing. Preferred Conditions: Hot air drying temperature is 100-150 degrees C. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of polyvinylidene fluoride film is 25-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A thin aluminum layer is provided on one side of the leak-proof layer of the solar cell backboard. The high refraction index inorganic particle is nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, nano zinc dioxide, nano magnesium calcium carbonate, nano zirconium dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, nano barium oxide, nano sodium fluoride, nano cesium fluoride, nano lanthanum fluoride, nano calcium carbonate and/or nano barium sulfate, preferably nano titanium dioxide and/or nano silicon dioxide. The weather resistant layer contains an additive. The additive is an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a hydrolytic resistance agent, an antistatic agent and/or a light stabilizing agent. The weather resistant layer comprises 20-30% of the high refraction index inorganic particles (in parts by wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the weather resistant layer is 0.05-0.188 mm or 0.05-0.125 mm. The thickness of the leak-proof layer is 0.01-0.05 mm or 0.013-0.02 mm. The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.05-0.188 mm or 0.075-0.188 mm. The substrate material of the insulating layer, leak-proof layer and weather resistant layer is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The residue is lime mud residue and stone discharged in pure alkaline industrial production, refined salt and waste sand, salt mud and/or distilled waste water residue. The sodium sulfide residue is waste discharged in sodium sulfide production plant for producing sodium sulfide. The magnesium residue is discharged by a reduction furnace after dolomite is burnt in magnesium industry for extracting magnesium, and the magnesium residue is soaked for at least 8 hours by water. The mine tailing is a solid mine waste formed by dehydrating the tailing slurry discharged by the mineral processing plant during sand mining process. The pulverized fuel ash is clinker discharged by burning coal of boiler at the steam station. The coal cinder is waste discharged by burning coal of boiler or burnt coal refuse residue. The stone powder is waste stone waste powder produced by cutting stones in a stone processing plant. The crude aggregate is sand and gravel materials with particle size less than 20 mm or industrial waste with particle size less than 20 mm. The oil shale waste is solid shale waste discharged, when the oil refining industry processes the oil shale by low temperature distillation for extracting the oil component. The activated coagulant aid material is obtained by grinding or ball-milling sludge, sodium sulfide residue, magnesium residue, pulverized fuel ash, coal cinder, oil shale waste, acid from pyrite slag, yellow phosphorus furnace residue, carbide residue, ardealite, desulfurization gypsum, metallurgical waste of steel and iron and metallurgical waste of non ferrous metal. The waste sand is wind driven sand, mountain sand, river sand or foundry waste sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - A normal form cable radio interface such as Universal serial bus (USB) or a Bluetooth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass is common optical glass, ITO glass or aluminum oxide glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizer is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water, at 0.1-10% of nano-sized silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film-forming agent is polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, acrylic resin or chloroprene resin. The dip-coating speed is 10-100 cm/minute, and spin-coating speed is 1000-5000 revolutions/minute. The particle size of silicon dioxide is 5-50 nm, and antireflection film is 50-500 nm thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of vinyl acetate in ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer is 15-40 (preferably 31-35)%. The peroxide crosslinking agent is tertbutyl peroxide carbonic acid-2-ethylhexyl, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-tertbutyl peroxide hexane and/or tertbutyl peroxide 2-ethylhexyl. The copolymerizing agent is pentaerythritol triarylate and/or 1,3,5-triene propyl-s-triazine-2,4, 6-(1H, 3H, 5H)-ninhydrin. The purity of peroxide crosslinking agent is not lower than 99 wt.% butyl peroxide carbonic acid 2-ethylhexyl. The antioxidant is 1,3,5-tri (4-butyl-3-hydroxy-2, 6-dimethyl benzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2, 4, 6-(1H, 3H, 5H)-ninhydrin, tri(2,4-butyl phenyl) phosphite ester, tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite ester and/or beta -(4-hydroxy-3, 5-butyl phenyl) propionic acid octadecyl ester. The light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacic acid ester, bis(1-octylphosphine-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacic acid ester, 3,5-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid dodecyl ester, tri(1,2,2,6, 6-pempidinyl) phosphite ester and/or 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tempol. The light absorber is 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone and/or 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzene methylbenzotriazole. The silane coupling agent is 3-glycidol propyl dimethyldiethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoethyl) silane, gamma -glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl methyl-dimethoxy silane, N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and/or N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilanes. The thickening agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Substrate is made of fluorinated tin oxide, indium tin oxide or zinc oxide, where the substrate is coated on glass plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanomaterial is nanoparticle, nanobar or nanoline. The granular diameter of nanoparticle is 1-500 nm; the length and diameter of nanobar and nanoline are respectively 1-500 nm and 1-200 nm; and the thickness of the film is 1-100 nm. The inorganic salt is silicate, aluminate or borate. The silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate. The aluminate is sodium aluminate or potassium aluminate. The borate is sodium borate or potassium borate. The amount of semiconductor nanomaterial of water solution is 0.1-10 wt.%. The method comprises diffusing the mixture of at least one of the MxO and sulfur (S), selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) or the film forming agent and the mixture of at least one of the MxO and the S, Se and Te in the water solution, using the water solution to prepare the film, drying and sintering to obtain the film. The weight of the MxO of water solution is 2-10 wt.%; the weight of any two of the S, Se and Te of water solution is 0.04-3.0 wt.%; and the granular diameter of MxO, S, Se and Te is 50-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film further comprises film forming agent, which is high molecular polymer, silicon dioxide or inorganic salt. The film is a film comprising semiconductor nanomaterial and high molecular polymer at a weight ratio of (0.001-0.01):1; a film comprising semiconductor nanomaterial and silicon dioxide at a weight ratio of (0.001-0.01):1; or a film comprising semiconductor nanomaterial and inorganic salt at a weight ratio of (0.001-0.01):1. The high molecular polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexibility material comprises Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The saturated salt solution comprises ethylene glycol or glycerine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The sheet material is obtained by carrying out impregnation postcuring of composition containing melamine resin having monomer or oligomer. The mass ratio of melamine resin with respect to poly borate is 3/97-20/80. The total content of melamine resin and poly borate with respect to paper raw material is 25-100 %mass. The paper raw material contains thermoplastic synthetic fiber and/or non-thermoplastic chemical fiber as an auxiliary material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Elastomer: The styrene-type elastomer contains hard segment and soft segment comprising ethylene-butylene copolymer block. The elastomer contains diblock copolymer (30-75 wt.%) and triblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The corrugation of casting mold (b) is transferred on film containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The total thickness of gas-barrier films is 50 mu m or less. The thickness of single gas-barrier film is 3 mu m or more. Preferred Components: The inert gas is argon or argon/oxygen. The gas-barrier film comprises oxide or nitride of silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium and/or magnesium, preferably silicon oxide of formula: SiOx, where x is 1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing catalyst is chosen from iron acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, tin tetrachloride, aluminum acetylacetonate, titanium diisopropyl bis-acetylacetonate and titanium dihydroxy bis-lactate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric resin layer contains silane coupling agent and curing catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas is argon gas or argon/oxygen gas. The substances contained in gas barrier layer are oxide, nitride or compound of silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium and/or magnesium. The gas barrier layer is silicon oxide of formula SiOx.x=1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing catalysts are iron acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, aluminum acetylacetonate, tin tetrachloride, titanium diisopropoxy bisacetylacetonate and/or titanium dihydroxy bislactate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The sum total thickness of plastic films is less than or equal to 50 mu m. The thickness of 1 sheet in plastic films is greater than or equal to 3 mu m. Preferred Process: The manufacturing method further involves second polymeric resin lamination process which laminates second polymeric resin on surface of gas barrier layer after gas barrier layer lamination layer process. The polymeric resin is formed by mixing silane coupling agent as first polymeric resin and/or silane coupling agent as second polymeric resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas such as argon gas or mixture of argon and oxygen is used in the manufacturing process. The gas barrier layer contains silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, magnesium, their oxides or nitrides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Alternately, a polymeric resin obtained using silane compound chosen from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane, ( gamma )-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-glycidoxypropyl-methyldiethoxysilane, ( gamma )-acryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, ( gamma )-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and ( gamma )-isocyanate propyl-triethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises silver, gold, platinum, aluminum and their alloys or graphite, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon black, fullerenes, fullerene derivatives and acetylene black. The electrically conductive metals, metal particles and/or the metal-containing electrically conductive alloy consist of aluminum, copper, iron, silver, gold, zinc, tungsten, chromium, lead, titanium, nickel, platinum and/or gadolinium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is chosen from organic chelate titanium complex which makes organic acid a ligand, magnesium compound and pentavalent phosphate ester which does not contain aromatic ring as substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has moisture content of 0.2-0-3%, crystal orientation degree of 0.12-0.133, birefringence of 0.1657-0.1690, degree-of-crystal-orientation distribution of 0.1-10%, intrinsic viscosity of 0.61-0.9, light absorbency of 0.001-0.1 at wavelength of 380 nm, and terminal carboxylic acid group content of 5.24 equivalent/t. Preferred Film: The polyester film is obtained using a titanium compound as polymerization catalyst, and contains 1-30 ppm of titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The coating film has a refractive index of 1.10-1.45. The illumination intensity of the UV light is 1-100 mW/cm2. Preferred Components: The UV light source is a high pressure mercury vapor lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp or a carbon arc lamp. The protection member is a protective cover of a solar cell. Preferred Process: The polymer emulsion particle is obtained by polymerizing an undiluted solution comprising hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer containing a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amide group, an amino group or an ether group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The crystal melting peaks of first resin layer at time of measuring with temperature increase rate of 5 degrees C/minute are 245-260 degrees C and crystal melting peaks of 225-245 degrees C. The thickness of first resin layer is 10-150 mu m. The melt viscosity difference of first resin layer is 1-100 Pa.s. Preferred Components: The copolymerization of first resin layer is less than or equal to 3 mol% and of second resin layer is 3-12 mmol%. The titanium compound is organic chelate titanium complex which makes organic acid a ligand. The second resin layer contain magnesium compound and pentavalent phosphate ester which does not have aromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The refractive index of the functional coating film is 0.05 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The component (B) contains hydrolyzable silicon compound, polymer emulsion particles obtained by polymerizing the polymerization undiluted solution containing vinyl monomer containing functional group(s) chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amide group, amino group and ether group, and water-phase component. The content of water-phase component is 15 %mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The organic-inorganic composite coating film (after irradiating with ultraviolet ray) has refractive index of 1.10-1.45. The metal oxide has refractive index of 1.40-3.00. Preferred Process: The polymer emulsion particles are obtained by polymerizing polymerization undiluted solution containing hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer including hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amide group, amino group and/or ether group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The base material has thickness of 48-50 mu m. The layer (2) has thickness of 25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst migration impeding compound comprises an electrically conductive metal oxide, metal phosphate, metal ion sequestering compound, functionalized carbon, antioxidant and/or catalytically active compound. The electrically conductive metal oxide is a carbon-metal oxide composite material. The electrically conductive metal oxide comprises: niobium oxide; or tin oxide doped with antimony and/or titanium oxides and suboxides, preferably titanium dioxide doped with niobium. The antioxidant comprises a radical scavenger. The antioxidant comprises an inorganic antioxidant additive, preferably manganese dioxide, organic antioxidant additive, preferably triphenylphosphine and/or organic/inorganic hybrid additives. The functionalized carbon comprises carbon being functionalized with at least one metal ion sequestering moieties. The catalytically active compound comprises hydrogen oxidation reaction catalysts and/or metal-phthalocyanine complexes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous ionomer containing layer is formed by one of a porous carbon layer or a porous composite-material matrix, where the porous composite-material matrix comprises one of a cold formed plastic or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber-based PV cells are embedded in a polymer matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoluminescent group is pyrenyl group, anthracenyl group, naphthalenyl group, flavonyl group, coumarinyl group, perylenyl group, carbazole group, and/or its derivatives. The additive comprises resin accelerator and/or thermal stabilizer. The resin accelerator comprises benzoyl peroxide, dicummyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, and/or 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. The thermal stabilizer comprises butylhydroxytoluene and/or bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The encapsulation material further comprises an additive (0.1-5 wt.%). The photoluminescent group of the photoluminescent polymer absorbs UV radiation having a wavelength of less than 400 nm to emit a visible light having a wavelength of greater than 400 nm, and where the visible light includes fluorescence or phosphorescence light. The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is copolymerized from ethylene monomer and vinyl acetate monomer, and the ethylene monomer and the vinyl acetate monomer have a molar ratio of 60:40 to 80:20. Preferred Components: The EVA or photoluminescent polymer has number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 5000-100000. EXAMPLE - An encapsulation material (A1) comprising (wt.%): ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (99) and polycaprolactone (PCL) (1), was prepared. The material (A1) showed transparency of 91.29% and haze of 1.28%. A comparative encapsulation material comprising (wt.%): EVA (99) and polystyrene (PS) (1), was prepared. The comparative material showed transparency of 91.27% and haze of 2.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten and platinum (preferably rhodium, palladium or platinum). The added particle is silver/palladium alloy or nickel/molybdenum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameter: The insulated fluid storage tank is made of foam polyurethane having a thermal conductance of 0.025 W/mK. A phase change material (PCM) such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is encapsulated in metal cans in the storage tank to store thermal energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The segmented photovoltaic module further comprises elastomer to protect the electrical interconnections between the laminate segments.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first outer layer comprises interpolymerized units of tetrafluoroethylene (preferred) and ethylene, hexafluoropropylene or vinylidene fluoride. The intermediate layer is polyethylene terephthalate. The second outer layer comprises interpolymerized units of ethylene vinyl acetate. The thickness of the second outer layer is greater than or twice the combined thickness of the first outer layer and the intermediate layer. The thickness of the multilayer film is greater than 15 mils. The fluoropolymer has a tensile modulus of less than 80000 psi. The multilayer film further comprises applying a tie layer between the first layer and the intermediate layer and/or the second layer and intermediate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating composition further contains ultraviolet absorber and pigment. Preferred Property: The solvent has dissolution index (R) of less than 25 with respect to the copolymer. The dissolution index satisfies relation given by: R=4x ( delta d-15.7)2+( delta p-5.7)2+( delta h-4.3)2 ( delta d, delta p and delta h are Hansen solubility parameter (in MPa) in dispersion term, polar term and hydrogen bond term, respectively). Preferred Layer: The back sheet has a layer formed using polymer different from polymer of coating film, provided as outermost layer in contacting state with photovoltaic cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of repeating unit derived from monomer other than ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene in copolymer is 0.1-30 mol%. The copolymer has crosslinkable group chosen from carboxyl group, acid anhydride group and carboxylic acid halide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coated film further contains lithium salt chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithum perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium nonafluorobutane sulfonate, lithium aluminate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium chloride, lithium iodide and lithium sulfonyl imide (LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), where x and y are natural number). Preferred Property: The thickness of coated film is 0.1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains a polymerization initiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The fluorine-containing polymer has 10-50 mol parts of tetrafluoroethylene or cyclic structure chosen from formulae (I)-(III), 0-50 mol parts of hexafluoropropylene, 90-10 mol parts of vinylidene fluoride and 10-100 mol parts of vinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-conjugated polyene is norbornene compound of formula (A). The composition contains 0.1-10 parts mass of the methacrylic acid ester compound, 3.0-7.0 parts mass of compound (B1) and 0.1-2.0 parts mass of compound (B2) with respect to 100 parts mass of the copolymer. The compound (B1) is bis(dimethyl silyloxy)diphenyl silane, octakis(dimethylsilyl oxy)-dimethylsilyl oxy diphenyl silane, penta(methylphenyl siloxy)dimethyl silyloxy-dimethyl silane, or bis(dimethylsiloxy)dimethyl silyloxy-dimethyl silane. The compound (B2) is 4-((dimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-dioxa-2,4,6-trisilaheptane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated copolymer further has 0.1-30 mol% of repeating unit (C) derived from monomers other than ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, with respect to all repeating units. The solvent contains fluorinated aromatic compound, hydrofluoroalkylether, hydrofluorocarbon, or aliphatic compound having carbonyl group and/or nitrile group, as essential components. The content of fluorine atom in the solvent, is 5-75 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The metallic reflective layer contains silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent contains fluorine-containing aromatic compound, preferably hydrofluoroether or hydrofluorocarbon, and aliphatic compound having carbonyl group and/or nitrile group. The content of fluorine atom in solvent is 5-75 %mass. Preferred Condition: The melting temperature during dissolution process is less than melting point of copolymer by 30 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of repeating unit derived from monomer other than ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene in copolymer is 0.1-30 mol%. The copolymer has crosslinkable group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum group metal is rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and/or platinum. The load of platinum group metal is 0.01-3 %mass with respect to the mass of alpha -alumina. The rare-earth element of the oxide is scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and/or cerium. The alkaline-earth element of the oxide is magnesium, calcium, strontium and/or barium. Preferably, the combination of rare-earth element and alkaline-earth element is strontium and cerium, magnesium and cerium, barium and cerium, and/or strontium and lanthanum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum group element is rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and/or platinum. The catalyst preferably comprises nickel and platinum, or ruthenium. The load of tin is 0.01-20 with respect to a total metallic-element load of 100 by molar conversion, preferably 0.01-1 with respect to nickel and 0.05-20 with respect to ruthenium. The support further contains rare-earth-element oxide of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and/or cerium, and/or alkaline-earth-element oxide of magnesium, calcium and/or barium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Active metal chosen from nickel and platinum is further supported by the bimodal support. The gamma -alumina layer is formed using aluminum nitrate, aluminum hydroxide, and/or sodium aluminate. The rare-earth element of the oxide is cerium. The catalyst further comprises alkaline-earth metal oxide of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. The solution during supporting of rare-earth oxide and alkaline-earth metal oxide is aqueous solution or citric-acid aqueous solution. Preferred Property: The bimodal support has a BET specific surface area of 5-20 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The molar ratio of organic solvent (S) with respect to lower alcohol is 0.1-50 mol/mol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkoxysilane compound is chosen from tetraalkoxy silane group (I) having tetraalkoxy silane, its hydrolyzate or partial condensate, alkoxysilane group (II) consisting of alkoxy silane, its hydrolyzate or partial condensate other than group (I), and partial condensate group (III) of alkoxysilane compound chosen from tetraalkoxysilane group (I) and alkoxysilane group (II). Preferred Method: The silica-type composition is ejected on base material at nozzle distance of 3-100 cm in mist state with gas of 5-500 kPa. Rough drying is performed after forming film. The thickness of precursor after rough drying is 10 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The surfactant is nonionic polymer having alkylene oxide portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin of thermally vanishing resin fiber includes resin selected from the group which consists of polyolefin resin, poly-meth-acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyacetal resin, and a polyoxyalkylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Support: The support is organic fine particle, organic particulate and/or carbon, preferably carbon nanotube and/or carbon nanohorn. The content of support is 0.01-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of binder resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The binder resin is of formula (I) or (II).A=5-20C alkylidene;R1-R8=H or fluoro;andx/y=30/70-100/0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: A coating material comprising curable resin (100 parts mass) and medium (120 parts mass or more) is applied on one surface of a base material, and the medium is removed to the specified amount. The adhesive resin film and the coat are compression-bonded and heated. The coat and adhesive resin film are laminated by chemical bond. Preferred Components: The sealing material which seals the photovoltaic cell consists of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The crosslinked fluorine-containing copolymer comprises polymer unit of chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, and/or vinyl fluoride, and polymer unit of monomer having crosslinkable group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, hydrolyzable silyl group, amino group, epoxy group, and carbonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon-containing compound is polysiloxane modified compound and/or hydrophobic silica. Alternately, the binder contains acid-modified polyolefin resin, acetylene glycol and/or perfluoro alkyl ethylene oxide dispersed in aqueous medium with basic compound and silicon containing compound. The content of acetylene glycol and/or perfluoroalkyl ethylene oxide with respect to 100 parts weight of acid-modified polyolefin resin is 0.1-0.5 parts mass. The acid-modified component in the acid-modified polyolefin resin is 0.1-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves spraying and heating active material formation solution in high temperature atmosphere more than thermal decomposition start temperature of transition metal compound. The method involves heating at higher temperature after heating active material formation solution at temperature more than thermal decomposition start temperature of transition metal compound. Preferred Parameter: The active material formation solution is heated at less than or equal to 600 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric material is cellulose polymer which consists of polyalkylene glycol, acrylic resin, urethane type resin, epoxy resin, phenol-type resin, melamine type-resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and/or polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is alkali metal salt. The active material is active material which can occlude/release lithium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydroxy acid is aliphatic hydroxy acid or aromatic hydroxy acid, or ( alpha )-hydroxy acid of formula R-CH(OH)-C(=O)-OH which has hydroxyl group in alpha position of carboxy group.R=H or alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl which may be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxy or amino.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The hydroxy acid coated active material is obtained by repeating drying process for greater than or equal to 1 times in aqueous medium after mixing hydroxy acid, poly(hydroxy acid) or those metal salts and active material. Preferred Composition: The poly(hydroxy acid) has monomer unit of hydroxy acid. The hydroxy acid coated active material further contains cellulose polymer or its metal salt, conductive support agent, hydrophilic macromolecule and rubber-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment is rutile-type titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin is formed by cross-linking fluororesin having cross-linked substituents or mixture of fluororesin having cross-linked substituent, and meth(acrylic) resin having cross-linked substituents, with polyisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material layer comprises a mixture consisting of a transparent carrier material, poly N-isopropylacrylamide and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sensor is made of nickel, lead, nickel-plated metal, stainless steel or lead-coated metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solar cell module further has glass comprising a transparent conductive film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is of formula: R2-X-R1-Y'-R3. The plasticized polyvinyl acetal film contains total content of chloride ion, sulfate ion and nitrate ion of 50 ppm or less.R1=bivalent saturated hydrocarbyl optionally containing oxygen;R2,R3=linear or branched saturated hydrocarbyl optionally containing oxygen;andX,Y'=COO or OCO.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl acetal resin has acid value of 3-10 meq/kg. The plasticized polyvinyl acetal film has acid value of 10 meq/kg or less, after heating at 140 degrees C for 4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fiber structure is wet-heat adhesive fiber containing ethylene-vinyl alcohol-type copolymer (10-60 mol%) and fiber-forming property polymer in mass ratio of 90/10-10/90. The wet-heat adhesive fiber in fiber structure is core-sheath-type composite fiber. The fiber-forming property polymer is polyester. Preferred Properties: The fiber structure has density of 0.05-0.5 g/cm3, thickness of 10-1 mm, tension strength (width) of 4800 N/m or more, tensile strength (leave) of 19800 N/m or more and bursting strength of 1000 kPa or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The insulation box is isolated into three temperature control regions through isolation plates, where each temperature control regions are set and regulated with respect to the process request, and the temperature of the temperature control region at the two ends is 250-400 degrees C and the temperature in the middle temperature control region is 450-550 degrees C. The glass heat collecting pipe would be broken in the heating, insulating and cooling processes easily, the heating, insulating and cooling processes are to be performed orderly, and the heating and the cooling amplitudes in each minute is 2 degrees C or less in the heating and the cooling processes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer has repeating unit of formula: -(-CH2-C(-R')(-CH2-O-(CH(-R)-CH2-O-)k-R1)-O)- (1-99 mol%), repeating unit of formula: -(CH2-CH(-R')-O)- (1-99 mol%), repeating unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-R')(-R2)-O)- or repeating unit of formula (I).R'=H or methyl;R1=1-12C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl or 7-12C aralkyl;k=1-12;R2=alkyl containing ethylenically unsaturated group, reactive silicon-containing substituent, substituent containing epoxy group of formula (a) or halo;R3=reactive silicon-containing substituent;andA=organic residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of adhesion quantity of gold to chromium is 10 or more. The adhesion amount of chromium is 200ng/cm2 or more. The intermediate layer comprises 10 atomic% of titanium and oxygen, and chromium (20 atomic% or more). The titanium substrate has thickness of 10 nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The polyurethane pre-polymer is a polymer having 5 wt.% or more of -NCO groups and is obtained by reacting diphenylmethane diisocyanate and crystal polyester diol, and the end of the -NCO group is closed by caprolactam to obtain polyurethane prepolymer. The crystal polyester diol is 1,6-hexandiol adipic acid polyesterdiol, 1,4-butanediol adipic acid polyester diol, polyadipic acid glycol ester diol or polycaprolactone. The solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide or mixture of N,N-dimethyl formamide and acetone, or mixture of N,N-dimethyl formamide and methylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode layer of solar battery contains aluminum. Preferred Property: The solar component in the solar battery has photoelectric conversion of 3.42%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of P3HT, dye dopant and PCBM is 15:2:15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A height of the transparent rubber filled in the gap is similar to a height of the protruding poles. The transparent rubber comprises properties of high coefficient of transparency and low coefficient of thermal expansion. A thickness of the transparent rubber is approximately less than 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The content of the coating composition is 0.005-0.1 g/m2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution further contains 0.05-3 mol of organic-complex salt and sulfate of iron (III). The mass ratio of conductive fiber and polymer is 0.2-3. The conductive fiber is metal nanowire containing silver or silver alloy. The amount of conductive fiber is 0.005-0.5 g/m2. Preferred Properties: The solution has pH of 5.7-6.5 and viscosity of 5-300000 mPa.second at 25 degrees C. The conductive layer has thickness of 500-3000 nm. The average short-axis length of conductive fiber is 150 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive film contains water-insoluble polymer having solubility parameter of 18-30 MPa1/2. The water-insoluble polymer is polymer having ethylenically unsaturated group. The ethylenically unsaturated group is (meth)acryloyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Structure: The wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material further consists of m transparent layers other than the resin composition layer. The refractive index of each layer in the m transparent layers increases from the first layer to the m layer in the light incidence side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is organic fluorescent substance or rare-earth metal complex, preferably europium complex. The content of the spherical fluorescent substance in the resin composition layer is 0.0001-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl compound composition contains vinyl compound more than bifunction, preferably monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative or (meth)acrylic acid derivative more than bifunction. The spherical fluorescent substance further includes radical scavenging agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent material is transparent resin, preferably transparent vinyl resin or transparent (meth)acrylic resin. The transparent material has refractive index lower than the fluorescent material, preferably of 1.4 or more. The transparent material is spherical resin particles obtained by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization of vinyl compound composition in which the fluorescent material is dissolved or dispersed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The gasket material has a Shore A hardness of 30-80 at 25 degrees C. The ratio of Shore A hardness at -25 degrees C and Shore A hardness at 25 degrees C is 1-3. The fracture elongation (Ea) of the gasket material after heat-processing at 150 degrees C for 72 hours, and the fracture elongation (Eb) before processing satisfy a relationship given by, (Eb-Ea)/Eb = 0-0.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grid comprises gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, palladium, platinum, titanium and their alloys. The electrically conductive metal oxide comprises indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent comprises glycerol triglycidyl ether or glycerol diglycidyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically insulating material comprises acrylate polymer, urethane polymer, and/or epoxy polymer. The electrically conductive polymer comprises polythiophene. The hole blocking material comprises polyethylenimine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metallic particles of catalyst are modified by modification group chosen from nitric acid group, amino group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxyl group and halogen group, preferably nitric acid group, amino group and/or sulfonic acid group, before pulverizing catalyst. Preferred Composition: The metal particles of catalyst contain platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Pigment(s) are unevenly distributed in the lowest energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital from the surface side of the metal oxide at a hierarchical state. The pigment is chosen from carbonyl thiophene of formula (I) and phosphoryl thiophene compound of formula (II).m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t=0 or 1 or more;m+n+o,q+r+s=1 or more;m+n+o+p,q+r+s+t=2-1000;Z=group of formula (i)-(iii);Y'=group of formula (iv)-(vi);andR1-R36=H or 1-20C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The high molecular compound has weight average molecular weight of 1000-100000, and contains 5-95 wt.% of repeating unit (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The arrestor is provided with a solderable coating that is made of nickel, tin, copper or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive layer contains hollow particles. The conductive polymer contains polythiophene having repeating unit of formula (I), in polycation or polyanion state.R1,R2=H, or 1-4C alkyl or 1-12C alkylene (both substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is polyester plasticizer, epoxy type plasticizer, and/or phthalate ester plasticizer. The weather resistant resin layer comprises aliphatic isocyanate resin, alicyclic type isocyanate resin, and/or aroma aliphatic isocyanate resin. The color pigment is black pigment. The easily bonding layer consists of polyethylene and/or ethylene vinyl acetate resin. The solar cell backside sealing material comprises thermoplastic resin layer provided between easily bonding layer and polyphenylene sulfide layer. The thermoplastic resin layer consists of olefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, fluorine resin, polycarbonate type resin, polysulfone-base resin, and/or polyacryl type-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal microparticles are gold microparticles, silver microparticles, platinum microparticles and/or copper microparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer dispersing agent is a high-molecular compound of formula (I) having dithiocarbamate group. The high-molecular compound has weight average molecular weight of 500-5000000. The buffer layer contains complex of metal microparticles and polymer dispersing agent having dithiocarbamate group.R1=H or methyl;R2,R3=1-5C alkyl, 1-5C hydroxyalkyl or 7-12C arylalkyl;or R2+R3=ring with nitrogen atom;A1=group of formula (a) or -C(=O)-O-A2-;A2=linear, branched or cyclic 1-30C alkylene optionally having ether bond or ester bond;Y1-Y4=H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, halo, nitro, hydroxy, amino, carboxy or cyano;andn=2-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is chosen from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and gadolinium. Preferred Process: The metal oxide precursor nanofiber is prepared by electric filed spinning or liquid phase spinning.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The precursor contains high-molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite further comprises a substrate where the thin film semiconductor comprises the copolymer (I) is deposited on the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is of formula (I), preferably one or more of formula (Ia)-(Ic). The polymer has a molecular weight of 5000-200000, preferably 10000-120000.v, w=4-1000 (preferably 5-100). EXAMPLE - Trans-di(5-bromthiophene-2-yl)ethane (350 mg) was dissolved in toluene (200 ml), added with iodine (2 mg), and irradiated with 350 nm UV light overnight while being stirred rigorously in air. The solution was extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, dried to evaporate the solvent, and crystallized from ethanol to yield organic semiconductor material (300 mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton-acid group-containing compound (I) is of formula (III) or (IV).B'=coupling group chosen from -(CH2)n-, -O-(CH2)n-, -S-(CH2)n- and -NH-(CH2)n-.Preferred Process: Alternately, crosslinking agent is synthesized by reacting dihydroxy compound of formula (V) and chlorosulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The tetracarboxylic acid anhydride is 2,2'-bi(3,4-dicarboxylic acid phenyl) hexachlorofluoropropane anhydride (6FDA), pyromellitic acid anhydride (PMDA), 4,4-Oxydiphthalic Anhydride (ODPA), 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid anhydride (BPDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid anhydride (BTDA), extended acetic acid tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, butane tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,2',3,3',-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,2',3,3',-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,2-bi(3,4-dicarboxyl phenyl)propane anhydride, 2,2-bi(3,4-dicarboxyl phenyl)propane anhydride, bi(3,4-dicarboxyl phenyl)ether anhydride, bi(3,4-dicarboxyl phenyl)sulfone anhydride, 1,1-bi(2,3-dicarboxyl phenyl)ethane anhydride, bi(2,3-dicarboxyl phenyl)methane anhydride, 4,4'-(o-diethoxy)methane anhydride, 4,4'-(o-diethoxy)dititanate anhydride, 4,4'-(m-diethoxy) dititanate anhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 1,2,3,4-benzene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,9,10-dinaphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,3,3,7- anthracene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, and 1,2,7,8-phenanthrene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride. The diamine including carboxyl and/or functional group is 3,5-diamine-4-carboxyl benzoic acid, 3,5-diamine salicylic acid and 3,5-diamine benzoic acid. The siloxane is 1,3-bi(3-amido propyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl siloxane (DSI), 1,3-bi(4-amine butyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-bi(3-amido propyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyl siloxane, 1,3-bi(3-amido propyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl siloxane, 1,3-bi(4-amine butyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and polysiloxane diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The fluorescent material is rare earth metal complex containing organic ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The complexing agent is ammonia. The weight ratio of complexing agent, and salt of nickel, cobalt and manganese is 1:0.1-1:2.5. A dispersing agent is added to the mixture of salt and complexing agent. The amount of dispersing agent is 0.05-10 wt.% with respect to amount of slat and complexing agent. The metal composite oxide comprises particles having diameter of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The dispersing agent is chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, alkyltrimethylammonium salt, cetylpyridinium chloride, polyethoxylated tallow amine, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dodecyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, coco ampho glycinate, polyacrylate, alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), alkylphenol poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), octyl glucoside, decyl maltoside, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cocamide monoethanolamine, cocamide diethanolamine, polyethylene glycol, and polysorbate, preferably polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hard shell member is formed from a glass reinforced polymer. The membrane comprises a film of a polyurethane-polyurea copolymer material. The membrane is reinforced with a highly crystalline polyethylene, para-aramid fibers, or a polyaramide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyolefin is at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene or an ethylene-propylene copolymer. The sealing composition comprises: a filler (1-100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the rubber component and the polyolefin); and a tackifier. The filler is at least one of calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide or carbon black. The hygroscopic compound is at least one of silica gel, alumina or zeolite. The tackifier comprises 1 to 30 parts by weight of coumarone resin having a softening point of 90-140 degrees C, and/or polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 30000-60000. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in parts by weight): butyl rubber (40); polyethylene (20); zeolite (40); silica (10); coumarone resin (1); Tetrax4T (RTM: Polyisobutylene) (5); and hindered phenol (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode comprises a metal selected from Ti, Au, Al, and Ag, metal oxide, conducting polymer, and/or carbon nanotube containing material. The second portion further comprises ITO on a glass or plastic substrate, where the substrate has been treated with UV/Ozone. The second functional material comprises photoactive donor-acceptor heterojunction comprised of small molecule materials, and/or polymer materials. The electrical contacts are chosen from Ag or Au. The conducting material comprises indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second functional material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene), (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, and/or poly((n,n'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)), and where the second functional material is deposited over a titanium electron transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastomer comprises polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PDMS is in the form of a pad that is prepared by mixing a PDMS prepolymer and a curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane comprises a thermoplastic membrane (preferably thermoplastic olefin, high density polypropylene, reinforced polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, or ethylene propylene diene monomer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A porous oxide semiconductor layer is formed on the transparent conductive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of ultraviolet absorber in the composition is 0.01-30 %mass. The adhesive contains polyvinyl butyral or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The adhesive composition further contains additive chosen from antioxidant, other ultraviolet absorber, and steric hindrance amine. The amount of additive with respect to adhesive is 0.01-10 %mass. Preferred Definitions:    at least one of R1b-R1d=substituent (S), preferably COORr or CN;    Rr=H or monovalent substituent;and    R1h,R1n,R1g,R1i,R1j,R1k,R1m,R1p=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester film comprises layer (B-layer) containing incompatible component in polyester and polyester, and layer (A) containing polyester on at least one side of the B-layer. The component incompatible to polyester is polyolefin resin. The partial discharge voltage Umax(V) and film thickness T ( mu m) satisfies formula: Umax=Tx 2+400. The maximum heat shrink stress of film in longitudinal direction is 180 g/mm2 or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is tungsten, molybdenum and/or titanium. Preferred Process: The heat processing is performed at 700 degrees C or more. The reduction process is carried out in hydrogen gas or carbon monoxide gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon-type thin film contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride and/or silicon carbide. Preferred Properties: The refractive index of thin film and silicon-type thin film is 2.1-2.4 at wavelength of 550 nm and 1.4-2.1 at wavelength of 550 nm, respectively. The silicon-type thin film has surface roughness of 2 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A resin layer is further formed on the outermost surface of the silicon-type thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The film mirror has metal corrosion-prevention layer, gas-barrier layer, and damage prevention layer. The layer(s) or the base material contains ultraviolet absorber. The base material is metallic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the metallic reflective layer is silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor of catalyst metal is organometallic compound e.g. metal complex. The alloy composition comprises organometallic compound of metallic element having hydrogen storage characteristics. The reducing agent component is hydrogen or mixture of organic solvent and hydrogen. The supercritical or subcritical fluid is carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is alcohol chosen from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic resin composition is selected from group consisting of polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polyacetal resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polypropylene resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic layer is immersed with ether compound which is the mixture of dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, dipentyl ether, dihexyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropyl ether and ethylene glycol dibutyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film contains polyester, polyimide and ultraviolet absorber. The content of polyimide and ultraviolet absorber is 2-30 %mass and 0.01 %mass or less, respectively. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has plane-orientation coefficient of 0.14-0.28, breaking elongation retention value of 10-100% after heat processing at 200 degrees C or 125 degrees C at relative humidity of 100% for 72 hours, and light transmittance of 0-20% at wavelength of 360 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protection sheet further comprises fluorine-containing resin layer laminated on the surface opposite to the surface of the olefin resin layer. The olefin resin layer comprises polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, and/or cycloolefin resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The white pigment comprises titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin resin layer comprises polar group containing polyolefin type polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compound containing indium and sulfur is indium sulfide (In2S3). The metal oxide is titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, and/or strontium titanate. The photoelectric conversion element is provided with a light absorption layer (6) containing chalcopyrite type semiconductor, and a translucent conductive layer (3) containing transparent conductive oxide chosen from fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, gallium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide, and/or niobium-doped tin oxide. The substrate (2) comprises plastic or glass. The back electrode (7) of the photoelectric conversion element comprises molybdenum, gold, silver, aluminum, carbon and/or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The set of transition metal oxide layers i.e. n-type transition metal oxide layers, is selected from a group consisting of tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide. The transparent electrode is made of a material selected from a group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The set of transition metal oxide layers is made of a material selected from a group consisting of silver, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, nickel, copper, gold and chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene teraphthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polycarbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Titanium oligomer is an organic titanium oligomer produced according to a hydrolysis of tetraalkoxy titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The intrinsically conducting polymer is interspersed with metallic nickel to form composite blend. The intrinsically conducting polymer is provided on a layer comprising metallic nickel is in the form of metallic nickel particles. The cathode is formed on a substrate containing flexible polymer. Preferred Process: The metallic nickel is applied to substrate to form layer, using electroplating, evaporation, vacuum sputtering and electroless plating. The intrinsically conducting polymer is formed using dispersion comprising intrinsically conducting polymer, or electrochemical or chemical oxidative polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The MSCs comprise a compound consisting of lead selenide and other salts, cadmium selenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and silicon. The MSCs or a coating comprise a line-emitting dopant and a rare-earth element including neodymium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, or thulium. The inorganic semiconductor is made of lead sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general method for preparation of catalyst is given. Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises a direct oxidation catalyst, cathode catalyst, polymer electrolyte-type cathode catalyst having a Dp of 0.1-1, and polymer electrolyte-type anode catalyst having a Dp of 0.2-1. The carrier is carbon-based material, and/or inorganic material particulate. The active metal compound is platinum-based metals (preferably platinum, ruthenium, osmium, a platinum-ruthenium alloy, a platinum-osmium alloy, a platinum-palladium alloy, and/or a platinum-M alloy (where M is Ga, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Mo, W, Rh, and Ru). The active metal comprises an average particle diameter of 1-10 nm. Preferred Composition: The carrier comprises a specific surface area of 50-3000 m2/g acquired through a BET analysis. The catalyst comprises active metal (5-95 wt.%). EXAMPLE - A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving a chloroplatinic acid compound (2.5 g) in distilled water (14 ml) in a reactor. Then the precursor solution (14 ml) was added to Ketjenblack (RTM: carrier) (1 g) and they were mixed through a common incipient wetness method. The mixture was dried. Then, the dried product was fired at 200 degrees C under atmosphere including hydrogen (10 vol.%) and 90 nitrogen (vol.%) to form test platinum catalyst. A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving a chloroplatinic acid compound (2.5 g) in distilled water (14 ml) in a reactor. Then the precursor solution (14 ml) was added to Ketjenblack (RTM: carrier) (1 g) and they were mixed through a common incipient wetness method. The mixture was dried. Then, the dried product was fired at 800 degrees C under atmosphere including hydrogen (10 vol.%) and 90 nitrogen (vol.%) to form comparative platinum catalyst. Both catalysts were subjected to evaluation of Dp. The result of test/comparative for Dp was 0.347/0.005.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parts: The temperature safety device is at least partially embedded in the printed circuit board substrate. The temperature safety device is a positive temperature coefficient element. The protection circuit module further comprises a plate located on an outer surface of the printed circuit board substrate and in electrical contact with the temperature safety device, where the plate is adapted to be electrically connected to an electrode tab of the battery cell. The plate is metal, optionally nickel or a nickel based alloy. It is electrically connected to the temperature safety device through at least one via hole that extends from the outer surface of the printed circuit board substrate, the via holes being filled with a conductive material. It is electrically connected to the temperature safety device by a connector that is embedded in the printed circuit board substrate, where optionally the connector comprises at least one wire. The temperature safety device is fully embedded in the printed circuit substrate. The plate directly contacts the temperature safety device. The temperature safety device is partially embedded in the printed circuit board substrate. Temperature safety device is a positive temperature coefficient element that comprises a polymer-based conductive composite comprising a polymer and a conductive filler; where optionally the polymer comprises high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene or ethylene/polypropylene polymer; and/or where optionally the conductive filler comprises carbon black, a carbon fiber, a metal or a metal oxide filler. Protection circuit module further comprises electronic devices mounted on the printed circuit board substrate. There is at least some free space between the temperature safety device and the printed circuit board substrate. The positive or negative electrode tab is welded to the plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive filler comprises natural flake graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, expansion graphite, carbon black and carbon fiber, or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer base comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass powder comprises (in weight%) lead oxide (60-85), silicon dioxide (8-20), aluminum oxide (3-10), zinc oxide (2-8) and zirconium dioxide (0.5-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane coupling agent is chosen from vinyl silane, epoxy silane and methacryloxypropyl silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The defoamer comprises polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide or dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is polyoxyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, chloroprene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber and/or polytetrafluoroethylene. The conducting agent is conducting carbon black, conducting graphite, conducting carbon nanotube, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) or poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-absorbing resin is potassium polyacrylate. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts mass): water-absorbent and water-holding composition (340-350, preferably 280-290), sulfur (100-110, preferably 140-150) and macromolecular polymer coated urea, sulfur coated urea (145-155, preferably 130-140), potassium chloride composite fertilizer (380-390, preferably 410-420) and zinc sulfate (10-11, preferably 14-15). The water-absorbent and water-holding composition is obtained by mixing and pelletizing (in parts weight): weathered coal (210-250, preferably 150-200), water-absorbing resin (25-30, preferably 10-20), soybean powder (50-80, preferably 30-45) and corncob powder (200-250, preferably 260-300). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied at a dose of 50-60 kg/mu by any suitable process. The fertilizer is applied primarily as base fertilizer before sowing corn (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An insulating layer of solar cell, is made of silicon nitride and silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Indene-containing fullerene derivative receptor material of formula (I) is prepared by dissolving R8 group and (6,6) Ar group into organic solvent to obtain a mixture. The mixture is refluxed. The refluxed mixture is cooled to room temperature. The reacting substances are added into methanol to obtain precipitate. The precipitate is filtered to obtain sediments. The sediments are dissolved into organic solvent to obtain a solution. The sediments are absorbed on silica gel. The organic solvent is separated from solution to obtain finished product. Preferred Components: The alkyl is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-propylbutyl, pentyl, isoamyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1-ethylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 3-ethylpentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl or myristyl. The alkoxy is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1-propylbutoxy, pentyloxy, isoamoxy, 2-methylpentyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, 4-methylpentyloxy, 1-ethylpentyloxy, 2-ethylpentyloxy, 3-ethylpentyloxy, hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 2-methylhexyloxy, 3-methylhexyloxy, 4-methylhexyloxy, 5-methylhexyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, heptyloxy, isoheptyloxy, octyloxy, isooctyloxy, nonyloxy, decatyloxy, hendecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or myristyloxy. o-Dichlorobenzene and naphthyridine are also used in the preparation of indene-containing fullerene derivative receptor material of formula (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The frequency change material is made of sodium yttrium fluoride and ytterbium-doped sodium yttrium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The solar module housing is made from porous ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The focusing element is made from plastic. The housing and the focusing element are made from material or plastic into one integral element. The housing, the reflective cavity, the focusing element, diffracting/diffusing element, or other part of the solar module are based on metal or alloy, ceramic, porous ceramic, glass, plastic, composite, polymer, rubber, foam, wood and/or wood product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickness of the film is 100 m or more. The coating solution has pH of 13 or more. Preferred Component: The halide of titanium is chosen from titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide and titanium tetraiodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic strong base is chosen from tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble polymer is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetamide, polyvinyl formamide, polydimethyl formamide, polyacrylamide, polyacryloyl morpholine, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nanoparticles are provided in dispersed form in an organic solvent. The coherent light is a laser light. The wavelength of the light is less than or equal to 355 nm. The coherent light is irradiated with pulses having pulse duration 1 ns or less, preferably 100 ps or less. The acrylic resin is chosen from homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, and homopolymers or copolymers of alkyl esters of the acrylic and/or methacrylic acid. The acrylic resin is transparent with respect to wavelength of the irradiated coherent light. The coherent light is irradiated onto the colloid solution at an energy density times, where the irradiation absorbed by the colloid solution is 5000 mJs/cm2 or less. The weight concentration of titanium dioxide in the acrylic resin is 25% or less, preferably less than or equal to 20%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer block (A) comprises repeating unit of aromatic vinyl compound. The polymer block (C) comprises repeating unit of aromatic vinyl-type compound of formula (I). The polymer block (B) comprises at least one sort(s) of repeating unit chosen from 2-8C alkene unit and 4-8C conjugated diene unit. The ion-conductive group is -SO3M or -PO3HM.R1=H or 1-4C alkyl;R2-R4=H or 3-8C alkyl;andM=H, ammonium, or alkali metal ion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is europium complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer (F1) comprises: polymers comprising recurring units derived from monomer, at least one per(halo)fluoromonomer consisting of tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and at least one hydrogenated comonomer consisting of ethylene, propylene and isobutylene, optionally containing one or more additional comonomers, typically in amounts of 0.1-30 mole%, based on the total amount of tetrafluoroethylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene and the hydrogenated comonomer; and vinylidene fluoride polymers comprising recurring units derived from monomer, vinylidene fluoride, and optionally from one or more fluorine-containing monomer different from vinylidene fluoride. The vinylidene fluoride polymer comprises: (a) at least 60 (preferably at least 85) mole% of vinylidene fluoride; (b) optionally 0.1-15 (preferably 0.1-10) mole% of a fluorinated comonomer consisting of vinylfluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene and/or perfluoromethylvinylether; and (c) 0.05-10 (preferably 0.2-3) mole% of monomer. The monomer comprises hydroxyethylacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and/or acrylic acid. The fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composites further comprise inorganic fillers comprised in the inorganic domains. In fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite, manufacturing multilayer structures comprises glass and/or ceramic substrate bound to a fluoropolymer layer through a layer comprising the fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite. The mixture further comprising at least one inorganic filler. Preferred Method: The polymer (F1) and the metal compound are: reacted in the molten state in solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary metal precursor is tin, titanium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese, niobium, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, iron, ruthenium, indium, aluminum, antimony, tantalum and/or europium, preferably tin salt. The secondary metal precursor is platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium, osmium, iridium, tin, titanium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese, niobium, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, iron, ruthenium, indium, aluminum, antimony, tantalum and/or europium, preferably antimony salt. The active metal nanoparticles are platinum, gold, silver, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, tungsten, tin, palladium and/or bismuth. The heteroatom is platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium, osmium, iridium, tin, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese, niobium, vanadium, chromium, iron, ruthenium, indium, aluminum, antimony, tantalum and/or europium, preferably antimony.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer contained in polymer solution is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile and/or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene oxide is obtained by oxidizing graphite using strong acid and strong oxidizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent comprises dipole aprotic amide solvent chosen from N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, tetramethylurea and dimethylsulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide nanocomposite further contains organic material having carboxyl group (-COOH) or (-SO3H), and solvent. The polyimide comprises wholly aromatic polyimide and/or semi-aromatic polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is hydrocarbon-type resin, preferably polypropylene resin. The elastomer component is thermoplastic elastomer, preferably styrene-type elastomer. The content of elastomer component in polymer is 0.05-10 %mass. The carbonaceous material contains boron (0.05-5 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The secondary battery pack further comprises a plate on the printed circuit substrate, where the temperature safety device is electrically or thermally coupled to the first electrode tab or the second electrode tab via the plate. The printed circuit substrate has at least one opening between the plate and the temperature safety device, where the opening contains a conductive material which is a solder cream. A location of the plate generally corresponds to a location of the temperature safety device. The plate: is metal comprised of nickel; directly contacts the temperature safety device; and is offset from the temperature safety device and the temperature safety device is electrically coupled to the plate by circuit connector. The circuit connector is embedded in the printed circuit substrate. The first electrode tab or second electrode tab contacts the plate by a weld. The surface of the temperature safety device is substantially flush with a surface of the printed circuit substrate. The secondary battery pack has a space between the temperature safety device and the printed circuit substrate. The protection circuit module further comprises a plate electrically coupled to the temperature safety device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive filler comprises carbon black, carbon fiber, metal or metal oxide filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The temperature safety device comprises a polymer-based conductive composite, where the composite comprises a polymer and conductive filler. The polymer comprises high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene or ethylene/ polypropylene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic polymer comprises crosslinked ester, amide, acrylic, ether, urethane, aminopolymer, or epoxy polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane coupling agent (A) is alkoxysilane compound of formula (R2O-Si(OR1)(OR3)-(CH2)n-NH-R4) (I), preferably N-2(amino ethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N-2(amino ethyl)-3-aminopropyl dimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The silane coupling agent (B) is chosen from 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-methacryloxypropyl methyl dimethoxysilane.R1-R3=alkyl;R4=H or aminoalkyl;andn=1-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Property: The content of the silane coupling agent (B) is 0.05-1.9 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene polarity monomer copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum alloy powders, inorganic adhesives and organic carriers are preferably 60-75 weight parts, 3-6 weight parts and 22-35 weight parts, respectively. The inorganic adhesives are lead-free low melting-point glass powders containing (weight parts) bismuth trioxide (20-85), silica (3-40), boron trioxide (2-30), calcium oxide (8-20), cobalt oxide (0-5), zinc oxide (0.7-3), barium oxide (3-40) and magnesium oxide (0-6).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum alloy powders contains (weight parts) aluminum (93-97), silicon (2-5), titanium (0.3-0.6), vanadium (0.3-0.5) and rare earth elements (0.6-0.12).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carriers contain (weight parts) dissolvent (88-95), organic adhesives (3-10) and additives (0.1-2). The organic adhesives are terpinol, turpentine, butyl acetate and/or butyl carbitol acetic ester, or polyvinyl butyral, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, ethylcellulose and/or nitrocellulose. The additives have defoaming agents containing organic siloxane, polyether, graft of silicon and ether, imine and/or amide defoaming agents and flatting agents containing ethylene glycol phenyl ether, furancarboxylic acid, lecithin, sorbitan ester (Span), castor oil and/or cyclohexanone flatting agents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery grade organic carbonic ester dissolvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, methyl isopropyl ester carbonate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methly-1,3-dioxolane, butene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dibutyl carbonate, methyl butyl ester carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ester, methyl acetate, methyl formate, methyl propionate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl pyrrolidone and chlorinated polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polymer involves reacting dithiophene derivative of formula (II) and dithiophene derivative of formula (III).R1,R2,R7,R8=1-20C hydrocarbon group optionally having H or a substituent.Preferred Process: The dithiophene derivative (IV) is prepared by dimerizing thiophene carboxylic acid derivative (V) in the presence of transition metal catalyst. The thiophene carboxylic acid derivative (V) is prepared by reacting thiophene carboxylic acid derivative of formula (VI) and alcohol compound of formula (R5OH) (VII). Preferred Component: The solid layer further contains fullerene or its derivative. EXAMPLE - 2,6-Bis(trimethyl stannyl)-4,8- bis(2-ethylhexyl oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene (386 mg), 5,5'-dibromo-(2,2')bithiophene 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid didodecyl (374 mg) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (25 mg) were mixed. The mixture was dried in a 10 minute under vacuum condition. Then, toluene (8 ml) and dimethylformamide (2 ml) were added. After bubbling the mixed solution with argon gas, the solution was stirred at 120 degrees C under argon atmospheres for 20 hours. Then, temperature was returned to room temperature and the obtained mixture was reprecipitated with methanol, and the precipitate was filtered. The resulting mixture was worked up to give polymer compound of formula (P1) (0.46 g, yield 89%) in the red solid form.    n=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode material is chosen from sodium metal, sodium alloy, hard carbon, graphite carbon microparticle, carbon nanotube, and gas phase deposition carbon nanofiber. The anode film and anode film further comprise conductive agent and binder. The conductive agent is obtained by mixing one or more of carbon black, acetylene black, conductive nanotube and conductive graphite. Preferred Composition: The concentration of conductive agent is 1-90%. The concentration of binder is 1-30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is chosen from polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and other binder. The diaphragm film is polypropylene porous film or polypropylene polyethylene compound porous film or paper diaphragm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The device is configured as a thin film transistor, where the semiconducting component is in contact with a dielectric component, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; or as a photovoltaic cell, where the semiconducting component is disposed between an anode and a cathode. Preferred Components: The semiconducting component is provided as a single layer or a laminate comprising several layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: 75 Repeating units are given as the repeating unit M1, e.g. a group of formula (Ia)-(Ie).R4=H, halo, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C haloalkyl, 1-20C alkoxy or 1-20C alkylthio;R3=halo, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C haloalkyl, 1-20C alkoxy or 1-20C alkylthio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is a homopolymer of the repeating unit M1; and comprises repeating units other than the repeating unit M1, and is selected from a random copolymer, alternating copolymer, regioregular copolymer, and regiorandom copolymer. 15 Polymers are given as the polymer (p1), e.g. a polymer of formula (II) or (III).r=5-10000. Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R2=1-10C alkyl;    Ar1 and Ar2=phenyl, naphthyl, 5-membered heteroaryl, or 5-5 or 5-6 bicyclic heteroaryl (all optionally mono- to tetra-substituted by R3);    R3=halo, CN, oxo, =C(CN)2, 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C haloalkyl, 1-40C alkoxy or 1-40C alkylthio.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chromium alloy is chosen from tin-chromium alloy, titanium-chromium alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, zirconium chromium alloy, niobium-chromium alloy, and tantalum-chromium alloy. The content of chromium alloy in the laminated component is 20 %mass or more. The fluororesin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The anti-moisture layer comprises silicon or aluminum as inorganic component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic UV absorber is chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, cerium oxide, silica, iron oxide and carbon. The UV transmission of first film is 20% or less. The thickness of the first film is 5-200 mu m. The second film contains fluorine type film laminated by the polyethylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive support is electroconductive metal support containing 4-13 group elements and having thickness of 10-2000 mu m. The metal support contains titanium, aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, stainless steel, zinc, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and/or zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The quaternary salt compound is of formula (II), preferably of formulae (III) and (IV).Rx=-(CR31R32-CR33R34-O)a-;R31-R34=H or alkyl;a=2-20;Q=atomic group capable of forming 5-6 membered aromatic cation with nitrogen atom;Zx-=anion, preferably I-, N(CF3SO2)2-, BF4-, Ry-COO-, SCN- or Rz-SO3-;Ry=H, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or aryl;Rz=alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or aryl;R55=-(CR51R52-CR53R54-O)b-;R51-R54=R31;b=2-20;andR56-R60=H or substituent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: A polymeric material layer is further provided at surface opposite to surface at which porous semiconductor fine particles layer is provided. Preferred Definitions:    M=Ru, Fe, Os or Cu, preferably Ru;and    R5,R6=thiophen ring, pyrrole ring or furan ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electroconductive support is polymeric material. The electroconductive support coated with dispersion liquid is heated at 100-250 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    M=Ru, Fe, Os or Cu, preferably Ru;and    R5,R6=thiophen ring, pyrrole ring or furan ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layers (131,132) are III-V group compound semiconductor layer including metamorphic indium-gallium-phosphide, indium-gallium-arsenide or indium-gallium-nitride. The electrode (120) comprises metal nanoparticles chosen from platinum, gold, silver, nickel, indium and their alloy nanoparticles, and has a grid pattern shape. The solar cell (110) further has metal oxide layer disposed on surface of electrode (112) directed to electrode (120) and including a metal oxide particles and a photosensitive adsorbent adsorbed to the metal oxide particles, and an electrolyte layer in contact with metal oxide layer surface directed to solar cell (130). The electrolyte layer comprises an electrolyte in liquid, solid or quasi-solid state including a halogen-based redox pair. The solar cell (110) has an active layer including an electron-donor layer (114) and an electron-acceptor layer (113). The layer (113) contains a mixture of 60C derivatives. Preferred Process: The electrode (120) is formed by printing a colloidal solution including metal nanoparticles into a grid pattern, and heating the printed colloidal solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (114) comprises poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly((2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylene) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protective layer is a sheet of glass or polymer made of polyethylene terephthalate or ethylene tetrafluoroehtylene. The underlayer polymer matrix comprises ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion conductor (B) further contains compound or its salt (B1) of formulae (1) or (2) which has bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline structure and ionic liquid or electrolyte solution as liquid electrolyte (B2).X1-=Cl-, Br-, I-, F-, BF4 -, PF6-, CF3SO3- or (CF3SO2)2N-;X2+=Li+;-Y1+=-N+R5R6R7;-Y2-=-SO3- or -COO-;R1-R3=6-22C alkyl which may have a polymerizable functional group or substituent;R4=-(CH2)m- or -CONHCH2CH2-;m=1-5; andR5-R7=1-18C alkyl which may have a substituent.Preferred Process: The compound or its salt (B1) forms ion channel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous resin cured material (A) has resin composition which contains photopolymerizable monomer (A1), organic compound (A2) that is incompatible with photopolymerizable monomer (A1), common solvent (A3) that is dissolved with photopolymerizable monomer (A1), organic compound (A2) or water and photoinitiator (A4) as essential component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film further contains 0.1-5 weight% of ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) with chemical abstracts service (CAS) registry number 68610-51-5 is used as the stabilizer. The mixture exhibits an alkali titer of 2-70. The film has a delta basterisk- value (color space) of less than 3. The film exhibits an intrinsic color (DYI) of less than 5. Preferred Composition: The mixture additionally comprises 0.001-1 wt.% of non-aromatic, light stabilizers of hindered amine stabilizer/hindered amine light stabilizer/N-alkoxy hindered amine light stabilizer-type, and 0.001-0.25 wt.% of phenolic antioxidant with a molecular weight of less than 300 g/mole. EXAMPLE - Typical thermoplastic mixture comprised of: polyvinyl butyral with specific polyvinyl acetate content (72.5 wt.%), triethyleneglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate (25 wt.%), di(butoxyethyl)adipate (2.5 wt.%), Tinuvin 328 (RTM: UV absorber of hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole) (0.15 wt.%), Lowinox CPL (RTM: Non-discoloring phenolic antioxidant) (250 parts per million), Adeka stab LA-57 (RTM: Hindered amine light stabilizer) (500 parts per million), magnesium acetate (0.02 wt.%), potassium acetate (0.01 wt.%), and water (0.45 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tempering element is made of metal such as aluminum or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Additive particles comprise e.g. glass, glass fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The multitude of rubber particles are bound by a binding agent e.g. thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner part of the thermal insulation box is divided into three temperature control regions by a partition. The temperature for each temperature control region is set and regulated according to the process need. The temperature of the temperature control regions on the two ends is 250-400 degrees C, and the temperature for the middle temperature control region is 450-550 degrees C. The glass heat collecting tube is gradually utilized in temperature increasing, temperature maintaining and cooling process and in the temperature increasing process and the cooling process the cooling amplitude is smaller than 2 degrees every minute. The limit pressure intensity of the machine set is not greater than 1.3x 10-3 Pa, the cooling water is 200 liters/hour, the pressure is 0.25 Mpa, and the water temperature is not greater than 25 degrees C. The glass heat collecting tube easily generates stress breakage in temperature increasing, temperature keeping and cooling process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred components: The nylon layer III has thickness of 5-25 microns. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer layer has thickness of 3-50 microns. The nylon layer II has thickness of 5-25 microns. The casting polypropylene layer has thickness of 20-80 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The reinforced design finalized object is glass fiber. The plane glass structure is toughened glass. The plane glass mirror is toughened glass mirror. The thickness of the plane glass structure is 2-5 mm. The thickness of the plane glass mirror is 0.5-3.2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The middle adhesive layer is a hot melting film, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or polyvinyl alcohol acetaldehyde. It comprises a liquid-state light-curing adhesive and the reinforced design finalized object. The liquid-state light-curing adhesive is coated on the reinforced design finalized object. The liquid-state light-curing adhesive is ultraviolet adhesive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The reinforced design finalized object is non-woven fabrics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises doped conductivity polymer chosen from mixture of polystyrene sulfonate, polyaniline, polypyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Preferred Method: The hole transport layer is reformed. The hole transport layer is irradiated by UV rays for 2-7 seconds. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The cathode active substance is graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The cathode adhesive is styrene butadiene rubber. The thickener is carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The oiling procedure comprises pumping dimethicone emulsion into a storage tank, and adding desalted water to prepare 30 wt.% dimethicone emulsion; adding 36 wt.% acetic acid solution into the storage tank, and adjusting pH value of the emulsion to 4-6; and feeding the prepared emulsion into the oil tank to make the fiber tows pass through the emulsion in the oil tank. Preferred Component: The ultra-short fiber is 1-6 mm in length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base filler is a mixture of 70 wt.% calcium carbonate and 30 wt.% titanium pigment. The curing agent is silane crosslinking agent. The coupling agent is ND-42 (RTM: Anilmomethyl triethoxysilane). The color sizing agent is a mixture of 20% titanium pigment and 80% base coloring matter. Preferred Method: Vacuum pumping is carried out to pump uniformly for 30 minutes at more than 0.08 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sealant comprises (wt.%) vulcanizing room-temperature methyl silicone rubber (48), base filler (35), curing agent (10), coupling agent (5), and color sizing agent (2). 3. The sealant of solar cell component and its preparation method according to claim 1, where the
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is bimethacrylic acid dipropylene glycol, bisphenol A bimethacrylic acid glycidyl ester or N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide or di(dodecanoyl) peroxide. Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is 0.1-2 (preferably 0.3-0.5)% of the total quantity of monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is mixture of vinyl trimethoxyl silane and isopropyl tri(dioctyl pyrophosphoryl) titanate; and the vinyl trimethoxyl silane is 85-90%. The method comprises (pts.wt.) EVA (100), crosslinker (0.5-1), antioxidant (0.05-0.2), ultraviolet absorbent (0.05-1), light stabilizer (0.05-0.2), and coupling agent (0.2-0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicon solar cell component comprises super high white glass layer, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer layer, silicon solar cell sheet layer, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer layer and back plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide comprises at least one of TiO2, ZnO, indium tin oxide (ITO), MoO3, V2O5, WO3, NiO, Pt and Au. The metal oxide comprises nanostructured metal oxide comprising at least one of TiO2, ZnO, ITO, MoO3, V2O5, WO3, NiO.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicon crystal is selected from the group of n-type polycrystalline silicon, n-type monocrystalline silicon, p-type polycrystalline silicon, and p-type monocrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic device further comprises: a photovoltaic absorber of light energy, where the absorber is a copper indium selenide (CIS) or copper indium gallium (di)selenide; a substrate positioned below the first ACPF, where the substrate comprises a metal foil, polymer or inorganic composite; and a thin film, flexible, battery (20) capable of storing energy created by the photovoltaic device, where the battery includes the presence of lithium ions, or is a lithium graphene battery. The alkali metal is in a form containing soda lime glass filler medium in the form of a rectangular glass ribbon, glass flake, woven glass fabric, glass microspheres and/or a particulate powder. The photovoltaic device and the thin film battery are electrically connected using a diode functional shunt circuit (26) (containing printable inorganic semiconductor materials) that manages the electrical communication between the photovoltaic absorber and the battery, where the diode functional shunt circuit reduces or eliminates flow of current between the photovoltaic absorber in the photovoltaic device and the battery in the absence of sunlight, and the shunt circuit prevents the battery from over charging. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: providing a printed electrode medium between the absorber and the first ACPF, by means of a nano-ink solution; and providing a polymer layer as an integral part of the substrate, where the polymer layer (below the substrate) comprises a second ACPF, an inorganic media filled polymer, and a polyimide polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass sheet, molybdenum-coated glass sheet, anodized aluminum sheet, polyimide base or molybdenum-coated polyimide base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer (a) is a polyimide comprising recurring units of Ar'-(C=O)-N-(C=O)- or Ar'-(C=O)-NH- OH-(C=O)-, where Ar' denotes a moiety containing at least one aromatic ring. It is a poly(arylether sulfone), where the poly(arylether sulfone) is a polyphenylsulfone. Polymer (a) is a halogenated polymer, where halogenated polymer is a vinylidene chloride homo- or copolymer. Preferably, the halogenated polymer is a per(halo)fluoropolymer. The core/shell particle comprises at least one core comprising at least one inorganic compound C1 composed of at least one metal M1, at least one element E1 and, optionally, at least one metal MV, where the metal M1 is selected from Zn, Ti, Zr, Ce and mixtures, the element E1 is selected from oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and mixtures thereof and the metal MV is any metal other than the metals M1; or the core shell particle comprises a shell comprising at least one inorganic compound C2 composed of at least one metal M2, at least one element E2 and, optionally, at least one metal M2', where the metal M2 is selected from Si, Mg, Ca, Sr and mixtures, the element E2 is selected from oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and mixtures thereof and the metal M2' is any metal other than the metals M2. The metal MV is present in compound C1. Metal M2' is present in compound C2. Metal MV is present in a compound CV, the compound CV being composed of at least one metal MV and at least one element EV, where EV is selected from oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and its mixtures. Metal M2' is present in a compound C2', the compound C2' being composed of at least one metal M2' and at least one element E2', where E2' is selected from oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and its mixtures. The core/shell particles (b) are coated and/or grafted. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The condensate is obtained by hydrolytically condensing methyl trimethoxysilane and/or methyl triethoxysilane. The UV absorber is titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, benzotriazole type UV absorber, triazine type UV absorber, indole type UV absorber, and/or azomethine type UV absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of segments (B,C) in resin (ABC) is 15-85 wt.%, and the content of segment (C) is 5-50 wt.%. Resin (ABC) comprises segments (A,B) bonded through -C(-)(-)-Si(-)(-)-O-Si(-)(-)-, where the carbon atom is a portion of segment (A) and silicon atom is a portion of segment (B). Segment (A) is derived from a vinyl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The dielectric organic material layer has an average thickness of 10-150 nm. The n-type semiconductor layer has an average thickness of 10-150 nm, and the transparent conductive film has an average thickness of 10-150 nm. The thin-film solar cell exhibits a device efficiency of 9% or more, measured from current-voltage curves using an AM 1.5 G light source to simulate sunlight following the ASTM E927-05.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The back contact is molybdenum. The p-type semiconductor absorber layer comprises a p-type semiconductor absorber material chosen from cadmium telluride and copper-indium-gallium selenide material of formula: NalCumIn(1-d)GadS(2+e)(1-f)Se(2+e)f.l=0-0.75;m=0.25-1.5;d=0-1;e=-0.2 to 0.5;f=0-1;(l+m)=0.5-1.5;and((2+e)f+(2+e)(1-f))=1.8-2.5.The n-type semiconductor layer comprises cadmium sulfide. The transparent conductive film comprises aluminum-doped zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric organic material layer comprises silsesquioxane. The substrate is a thin metal foil or a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat generation particles include: a first material that converts light incident on it into heat; and a second material that generates heat upon application of a magnetic field to it. The first material includes at least one of carbon black, nanocarbon, metal oxides, metal sulfides, copper, aluminum, bismuth, tin, indium, zinc, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, zirconium, iron, lead, tellurium containing metal oxide and sulfide, phthalocyanines, nickel dithiolenes, graphite, pyrazolone, dianisidine, metal boride, carbide, nitride, and carbonitride. The first material is capable of absorbing infrared rays. The second material comprises: a super paramagnetic material; at least one of silica and alumina; and iron oxide. The hot melt adhesive includes at least one of: an ethylene vinyl acetate-based derivative, an ethylene-acrylic acid derivative, a polyolefin derivative, a polyacryl polymer, a styrene-acryl polymer and polyvinyl butyral; at least one of a carboxylic acid, a carboxylated metal ion, maleic anhydride, and a maleic acid; and The hot melt adhesive includes at least one of manganese, iron, vanadium, chromium, nickel, cobalt and copper. Preferred Method: The step of combining the first substrate with the second substrate includes irradiating the sealant with light and applying a magnetic field to the sealant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal powder is selected from a group consisting of nickel, aurum, argentum, silver, copper and tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrode: The electrode is made from fired conductive paste which is comprised of the silver particles (40-90 wt.%) and the added particle (0.1-5 wt.%). Coating thickness of the metal is more than 0.1 mu m. Preferred Components: The metal is selected from Ru, Rh, Pd, W and Pt (preferably Ru, Pd and Pt). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the polyethylene terephthalate base layer, sticky layer and paint layer is 245-255 mu m, 3-5 mu m and 20-25 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The protecting layer is antioxidant layer made of polyester-containing polyurethane resin material, has thickness of 2-3 mu m and is hydrolyzation resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycol ether compound (I) is dialkyl glycol ether. The ionic liquid is alkyl imidazolium halide salt of formula (II). The alkyl imidazolium consists of alkyl group and oxyethylene group of 1-8 repeating units in a chain. The halogen ion of ionic liquid is iodide ion.R21-R23=H or 1-8C alkyl;andX=Cl, Br or I.Preferred Property: The concentration of the triiodide ion in the electrolyte solution is 0-0.4 mole/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The foamed cement thermal insulating layer comprises a mixture of cement, sand, coal ash, reinforcing agent, foaming agent, thermosetting amino resin, vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer. The mass ratio of the cement to reinforcing agent is 100:3, cement to coal ash to sand is 12:5:4, and cement to thermosetting property amino resin to vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer is 20:3:2, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic reducing agent comprises sodium hydroborate, potassium hydroborate, or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic reducing agent is glucose, sucrose, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, glycol, terpineol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propyl aldehyde, butyric aldehyde, paraformaldehyde, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, or ascorbic acid. The surfactant is glycerol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gum arabic, or castor oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, Pluronic P123 (RTM: poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer), polyethylene glycol, poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), or cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). The concentration of dispersing agent is 0.1-1%. Preferred Method: The reduction temperature is 0-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver paste includes (in wt.%) silver powder (80-90), glass powder (2-8) comprising lead oxide (30-60), silicon dioxide (7-30), bismuth oxide powder (2-20), aluminum oxide (1-5), vanadium pentoxide (1-5), zinc oxide (1-8), silver oxide (1-5), and magnesium oxide (1-8), and organic carrier (5-18). The glass powder further comprises (in wt.%) titanium dioxide (1-10), calcium oxide (1-3), sodium oxide (1-3) and phosphorus pentoxide (1-5). The glass powder is low melting glass powder having softening point of 300-500 degrees C. The silver powder has the grain size of D50 1.3 and D90 2.3 mu m, and a tap density greater than 3 g/m3. Preferred Method: The coarse glass powder grinding process is carried out in the organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises adhesive, organic solvent and additive. The adhesive is ethyl cellulose and epoxy resin. The organic solvent is terpineol, tributyl citrate, Butyl carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol butyl ether) acetate, dibutyl phthalate, triethanolamine and lecithin. The additive is modified polyamide wax, modified hydrogenated castor oil, gas phase silicon dioxide and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, where the adhesive takes up 2-10% of the weight of the organic carrier, the organic solvent takes up 80-90% the weight of the organic carrier, and the additive takes up 2-10% the weight of the organic carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The solar cell system comprises glass and quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell system comprises calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solar cell system comprises plastic, acryl polymer and poly(methyl methacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first encapsulation layer comprises a glass fiber cloth, a chemical fiber cloth and a rough metal sheet. The proton exchange film is adhered with the gas diffusion layer by the adhesive material. The battery further comprises many second encapsulation layers located on the adhesive material. The battery further comprises many buffer layers located on the second encapsulation layer. The adhesive material, the second encapsulation layer and the buffer layer are not contacted with the gas diffusion layer. Preferred Method: In the method (A), the first fixing step and the second fixing step comprise stitching or film attaching steps; and the adhesive material is fixed on the first encapsulation layer by stitching, attaching, coating, screen printing or spraying way. In the method (A), the second fixing step further comprises fixing the second encapsulation layer on the adhesive material and fixing the buffer layers on the second encapsulation layer. In the method (B), the first fixing step comprises a stitching or film attaching step; and partial first encapsulation layer and partial adhesive material are located between the gas diffusion layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive material comprises an epoxy resin or a linear low-density polyethylene. The second encapsulation layer comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate, FR5 glass fiber macromolecular material, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyethylene, biaxially oriented polypropylene or polypropylene. The buffer layer comprises silica gel or poly perfluorinated ethylene propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene copolymer and dimethylmethane amine is 1:5:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic anti-ultraviolet agent is nano carbon black, zinc oxide or titanium dioxide within the aperture range.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic anti-ultraviolet agent can be triazines, benzophenone or salicylate. The additive can be silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing polymer is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene propylene copolymer or ethane-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The universal high polymer is polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate, polymethylacrylic acid or ethane-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the difference of fusing index and the fluorine-containing polymer is more than 50 %. The anti-ultraviolet agent can be inorganic anti-ultraviolet agent and/or organic anti-ultraviolet agent. Preferred Method: The vacuum drying process in step (1) is performed at 100 degrees C for 12 hours. The thickness of the back film in step (3) is 20-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective sheet is selected from group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ethylene/vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorinated polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The piezoelectric wire is made of lead zirconate titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride. The external shield is made of polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte of the membrane comprises barium-cerate (BaCeO3-d), barium zirconate (BaZrO3-d), barium-yttrium oxide (BaYO3-d) and barium-zincate (BaZnO3-d). The cathode is formed using mixed material of nickel oxide and electrolyte. The anode material is mixed material of perovskite and electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from group consisting of trichloroethylene, ortho-dichlorobenzene, toluene and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: The biofuel cell electrodes have oxygen permeability between 0.1 and 200 Barrer; or the material of the biofuel cell electrodes of the device has oxygen permeability between 0.1 and 200 Barrer. Diameter of the gold nanoparticles is between 5 nm and 100 nm. Preferred Components: The anode (11) and cathode (12) are viscoelastic electrically conducting two- or three-dimensional matrices with the catalyst dispersed within the viscoelastic electrically conducting matrices. The anode (11) and cathode (12) are electrically conducting perforated structures with the catalyst dispersed within the electrically conducting perforated structures. Material of the anode and cathode comprises gold nanoparticles modified with an enzyme. The first catalyst is bilirubin oxidase and the second catalyst is cellobiose dehydrogenase. The at least one element is glucose, lactic acid, or amine, where the amine is catecholamine. The biological system is selected from blood, plasma, serum, saliva, perspiration, intestinal fluid, interstitial fluid, ophthalmic liquid, cerebral fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and mucus. Preferred Method: Destabilizing is done by changing pH or ion strength of the colloidal dispersion, or by adding divalent ions colloidal dispersion, where colloidal dispersion comprises gold nanoparticles modified with an enzyme; or colloidal dispersion comprises silicone, fluorinated polymers and/or halogenated polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode pole contains magnesium or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous component contains spongy resin, which can be elastically modified. Preferred Property: The porous component has porosity of 30-99.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sacrificial release layer is formed from polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal particle is preferably ruthenium, palladium or platinum particle. The electrode is made from a fired conductive paste comprised of the silver particles (40-90 wt.%) and the added particle (preferably 0.1-5 wt.%) based on the weight of the paste. The carbon particles are carbon black, activated carbon, coke or graphite. The particle diameter (d50) of: the carbon particles is 1-10 mu m; and the metal particles supported by the carbon particles is 0.01-0.2 mu m. EXAMPLE - Silver paste (comprised of flaked silver particle (d50 of 2.7 mu m) (70.30 parts by weight), glass frit (lead borosilicate glass frit) (5.25 parts by weight), ethyl cellulose resin (2.50 parts by weight) and solvent (21.95 parts by weight)) and paste (comprised of palladium (10 parts by weight), ethyl cellulose resin (1.30 parts by weight) and solvent (8.70 parts by weight)) were mixed and stirred for 2 minutes. The conductive paste was screen printed on a 4-inch single crystal silicon wafer and dried for 5 minutes at 150 degrees C and sintered to obtain p-type electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The group comprises lithium-ion, lithium polymer batteries and nickel-metal-hydride (Ni-MH) batteries. The chopping is performed by first chopping the batteries into pieces one inch or less where released gases are removed from the first chopping, and second chopping into pieces of one quarter inch or less. The chopping further involves performing single chopping or crushing to batteries into pieces of one quarter inch or less. Preferred Method: The method involves removing ferro-magnetic material using magnetic separator. The method involves removing button-cell batteries by passing the batteries through a metal sieve. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin (F1) with respect to carbon-fiber (C1) in the coating liquid (A) is 0.5-1.5. The mass ratio of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin (F2) with respect to carbon-fiber (C2) in the coating liquid (B) is 0.1-0.5. Preferred Property: The average fiber diameter of carbon-fiber (C1) and carbon-fiber (C2) is each 30-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal core particles are supported on the surface of a support, which is carbon black. The metal core particles are gold fine particles having particle size of 1-30 nm. The solution is aqueous solution containing 0.1-100 mM of platinum ions. A platinum monoatomic layer is formed on metal core particles, and 60% or more of core particle surface is covered by layer. Preferred Method: The support supported with core particles is added to water and scattered by ultrasonic wave. Bivalent or tetravalent platinum complex is added and stirred in inert atmosphere to manufacture platinum core-shell catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin rubber is an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, and/or an ethylene-propylene rubber. The packing material further contains silicone oil (0.1-10.0 parts weight) with respect to 100 parts weight of the olefin rubber. The silicone oil contains 500 ppm or less of cyclic dimethylsiloxane of formula (I).n=3-10.Preferred Property: The ratio ((L150-L25)/L100-L25) of difference of full length (L150) of packing material at 150 degrees C and full length (L25) of packing material at 25 degrees C, and difference of full length (L100) of packing material at 100 degrees C and full length (L25), is 1.4 or less. The initial diameter (D0) and diameter (D40) of packing material after 40 days of continuous compression at 150 degrees C for 33 minutes with 1 minute of release by laminator satisfies relation of formula: (D0-D40)/D0x 100=20% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic component arranged three-dimensionally and periodically in the matrix is in the form of spherical, columnar and gyroid. The primary and secondary inorganic components contain metal, oxide, carbide, nitride, boride and/or salt, preferably metal and/or metal oxide. Preferred Properties: The average value of length of 1 unit of the repeating structure is 1-50 nm. The difference of the solubility parameter of the primary polymer block component and primary inorganic precursor used during manufacture of nano-heterostructure component is less than the difference of the solubility parameter of primary polymer block component and secondary inorganic precursor. The difference of the solubility parameter of primary polymer block component and secondary inorganic precursor is 2 (cal/cm3)1/2 or more. The difference of solubility parameter with secondary polymer block component of primary inorganic precursor is 2(cal/cm3)1/2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The inorganic layer contains silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxynitride and/or aluminum oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The pencil hardness of low-hardness layer is F or softer, or 6B or softer. The low-hardness layer contains polyethylene or polypropylene. The organic layer is formed by applying a composition containing (meth)acrylate, latex and latex-crosslinked product on the substrate film. The low-hardness layer has glass transition temperature of 120 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The epoxy resin has 2-8 functional groups and molecular weight of 500-8000. The amount of imidazole group curing accelerator and metal salt with respect to 100 parts weight of epoxy resin is 0.1-20 parts weight and 1-200 parts weight, respectively. The polyelectrolyte has viscosity of 10-8000 cp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active hydrogen groups on the polyacrylate are present as hydroxyl groups having hydroxyl number of 0.5-18, preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-6. The moisture-curable encapping silane comprises alkoxy groups. The polyacrylate has number average molecular weight of 3000-80000, preferably 6000-40000, more preferably 7000-30000 and glass transition temperature of 15-85 degrees C. The polyol is chosen from polyether, polyols, polyester polyols or their combination. The polyether polyol number average molecular weight is 4000, preferably 2000, more preferably 1000 or less. The content of polyether polyol is 10-70, preferably 20-60 wt.% with respect to total composition. The content of polyester polyol is 0-50 wt.% with respect to total composition. The content of polyisocyanate is 5-40 wt.% with respect to total composition. The content of polyacrylate is 5-50 wt.% with respect to total composition. The content of isocyanato silane is 0.5-10 wt.% with respect to total composition. The composition further comprises at least one additional moisture curing silane. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves waiting until the concentration of free isocyanate is zero before adding reactive silane. The method (M1) further involves adding at least one additive chosen from moisture cure catalysts, adhesion promoters, tackifiers, plasticizers, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, flame retardants, conductive agents, rheology modifiers, moisture scavengers, antioxidants, UV barriers, waxes, oligomeric polymer resins, thermoplastic polymer resins, moisture curable resins and their combinations. The method involves exposing the hot melt composition to sunlight after joining the substrates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The photoelectric center consists of synthetic photoelectric center, biological photosynthetic reaction center, biological photosystem, photosystem I and II from plant or photosynthetic reaction center from bacteria, plant, algae or cyanobacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The medium is fluid medium such as gel or aqueous solution. The cathode or anode comprise platinum, platinum-black, gold, silver, indium tin-oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, germanium, carbon, reticulated vitreous carbon, carbon felt, glassy carbon, graphite, graphite felt, noble metal, solid conductive plastic, porous conductive plastic, wide band gap transparent semiconductor, transparent organic semiconductor, conducting polymer or low bandgap semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first redox species is selected from cytochrome, ferrocene, diaminodurene (DAD; 2, 3, 5, 6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine), PMS (N-methylphenazonium methosulfate), DCPIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) or ferrocyanide. The second redox species is selected from quinone, ubiquinone, 1, 4-benzoquinone with 0-10 isoprenyl sidechain numbers, methyl viologen or benzyl viologen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyurethane adhesive consists of ester of dimer fatty acid and dimer fatty acid, their hydrogenated substances and glycol compound. The curing agent is chosen from group which consists of crude tolylene diisocyanate, crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymer diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxy group-containing silane coupling agent and/or alkoxy group-containing silicone oligomer contains mercapto group, epoxy group and/or triazine thiol group. The alkoxy group-containing silicone oligomer contains triazine-thiol group. The ethylene-modified unsaturated silane compound is alkoxysilane having vinyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst component is titanium system even density mixed oxide consisting of titanium, silicon and/or tungsten. The content rate of titanium system even density mixed oxide is 50-98 mass% with respect to gross mass of hydrogen producing catalyst. The content rate of titanium system even density mixed oxide is 70-98 mass% with respect to gross mass of hydrogen producing catalyst molded in honeycomb form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gasket is made of a thermoplastic sheet e.g. polyamide sheet or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (RTM: colorless organic polymer thermoplastic) sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive oxide thin film is made of Tin oxide, indium oxide, ZincOxide or Indium tin oxide, and Aluminum Oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nanoparticle can be metal such as Silver or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nanoparticle is placed in polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass, quartz, transparent plastics, sapphire substrate and/or flexible materials. The first-type amorphous silicon layer and the second-type amorphous silicon layer are a positive (p)-type semiconductor and/or a negative (n)-type semiconductor. The III-V polycrystalline semiconductor layer is a single-junction structure or a multi-junction structure which is made of gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium aluminum arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium phosphide, indium gallium phosphide, aluminum gallium arsenide phosphide, gallium indium arsenide phosphide or aluminum indium gallium arsenide phosphate, preferably gallium nitride, indium nitride, aluminum gallium, aluminum gallium nitride or aluminum indium gallium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fluorinated siloxane film-forming layers are arranged on two sides of the substrate. The thickness of the fluorinated siloxane film-forming layer is 0.01-5 mu m. The substrate is polyethylene terephthalate substrate and the thickness of the substrate is 1-10 mm. The fluorinated resin polymer layer with high light transmission is polyvinylidene fluoride resin and the thickness of the fluorinated resin polymer layer with high light transmission is 0.01-0.05 mm. The thickness of the polyolefin bonding layer is 0.01-0.1 mm and the thickness of the macromolecular bonding agent layer is 0.005-0.03 mm. The two sides of the substrate are processed by fluorinated plasma deposited siloxane treatment to form the fluorinated siloxane film-forming layer. The two sides of the fluorinated resin polymer layer with high light transmission are processed by fluorinated plasma deposited siloxane treatment to form the fluorinated siloxane film-forming layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper pool is fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) arch cover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method further comprises doping polyaniline film with protonic acid before drying. Preferred Components: The protonic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid and/or camphorsulfonic acid. The conductive substrate is glass substrate or flexible plastic substrate. The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid-liquid phase change material is disodium sulfate decahydrate/paraffin. The power generator is made monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and noncrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The back electrode material is a copper-molybdenum-sodium alloy including 0.2% of sodium fluoride. The window layer is made of the zinc sulfate material and the window layer zinc sulfate is produced by the pulse radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. Preferred Method: The scribing and cutting the large-area product in step (h) comprises: placing the pre-fabricated metal grid on the surface of the product to be cut; shielding the position to be scribed and cut by using the metal grid; and after sputtering and plating the film, forming the cutting line on the position to be cut naturally.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The terrestrial heat is filled in a space of the hole with bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A high-density polyethylene pipe is set up within a hole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains additive. The additive is carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, 1,3-propanesultone, 1,4-butylsultone, lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium borate dioxalate. The lithium salt is lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetraphenylborate, lithium methanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium di(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and/or lithium bis(oxalate)borate. The organic solvent is cyclic carbonate, carboxylic ester, ether and/or heterocyclic compound. The concentration of lithium salt is 0.5-1.5M. The content of additive is 0.01-10 %mass with respect to total mass of lithium salt and organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second mask pattern is formed with thermosetting resin of photo-crosslinkable polymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second protective layer is made of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide and tantalum pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first protective layer is made of polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer formed on another protective layer consists of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material is bamboo charcoal in the step (i). The thermosetting bonding agent in the step (iii) uses the epoxy resin bonding agent and the weight ratio of the epoxy resin bonding agent to the charcoal powder is 1:0.1-0.2. Preferred Method: The raw materials in the step (i) are obtained by performing high-temperature carbonization on the bamboo leftovers in a carbonization furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device (I) further comprises: an additional material in contact with the channels, where the additional material is semiconductors (other than carbon) (preferred) or metal oxides; a second structure functioning as an electrode; an electrical connection between the first structure and the second structure, where the electrical connection permits current to flow between the first structure and the second structure; an electrolyte (540) between the first structure and the second structure, where the device functions as a battery (510). The additional material: fills the channels; forms a conformal layer over the first structure; has a thickness of at least 1 nanometer; and is titania, manganese oxide, tin oxide or indium tin oxide. The channels are cylindrical. The first structure further includes a metal oxide in contact with its channels. If an aqueous solution is between the first structure and the second structure and photons impact the first structure, the device functions as a photocatalytic device. The second structure comprises glassy carbon and the at least 1000 discrete channels extends into the second structure. The device (II) further comprises: an additional material in contact with the ridges; the second structure functioning as electrode; the electrical connection between the first structure and the second structure; and the electrolyte between the first structure and the second structure. The metal oxide is in contact with the ridges. Preferred Method: The methods further comprise depositing an additional material over the glassy carbon structure formed by the methods.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The materials for the formation of fiber reinforced composite includes a resin and a fibrous material, where the fibrous material is wet through thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The dry solid material of the composition exhibits anatase-type structure. The titanium oxide microparticles (1) exhibit anatase-type structure. The solid content concentration of the composition is 5-50 wt.%. The electrode has a porous coating film formed using the composition on resin substrate or glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The relief apparatus comprises plastic body that is made of fluorine-plastic material, particularly polyvinyl plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The charger comprises molded casing of plastics composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinking process is performed by exposing the sheet to ionizing radiation. The resin sealing sheet comprises resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified material, ethylene-vinyl acetate acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified material and polyolefin resin. The melting point of the resin is 100 degrees C or less. The resin sealing sheet is multilayered structure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The quality mol concentration of calcium ion is 1-5%. The method involves (a) grinding 0.2-2 g of phosphorus 25-type titanium dioxide and binder to obtain slurry, printing on the conductive glass using screen mesh, and heating at 500-550 degrees C for 1-4 hours to obtain the electrode material (to- be-sensitized), where the film thickness of the electrode material is 5-15 microns, (b) soaking the electrode material in ethanol solution (0.1-1 M) containing cadmium nitrate (0.2-8%) and aqueous solution of sodium sulfide (0.1-3 M), and forming the sensitized electrode material, and (c) assembling the sensitized electrode material on liquid electrolyte solution for electrode to form quantum dot sensitized solar cell having sandwich structure. The binder in the step (a) is 20-30% of ethanol solution of cellulose acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The body material comprises polypropylene containing up to 65 wt.% of filler (preferably glass fiber).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (L) is acetonitrile or 1-methylimidazole. The negative charged ligand, (Y1), and the counter anion (X) are different. (X) is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. (Y1) is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, chloride or bromide. (M) ion is copper(I) or silver(I). (I) has a melting point below 100 degrees C, preferably below room temperature. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 14 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. copper(I) tetrakis(acetonitrile) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Ia), copper(I) tetrakis(methylimidazole)bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, copper(I) tetrakis(butylimidazole) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, copper(I) bis(2,2'-bipyridine) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and copper(I) tetrakis(pyridine)bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.    EXAMPLE - Hydrogen bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (80% solution in water, 53.02 g, 150.66 mmole) was added to copper(II) oxide (6.10 g, 76.69 mmole) in distilled water (100 ml) and the mixture heated at 80 degrees C for 16 hours. The remaining solids were removed by filtration and the water removed in vacuum giving copper(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide hydrate. This solid was dissolved in acetonitrile (100 ml) and powdered copper metal (5 g, 78.68 mmole) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The remaining solids were removed by filtration and the liquid removed in vacuum to give copper(I) tetrakis(acetonitrile) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (72.17 g, 142.09 mmole, 94.3%) as a white solid with a melting point of 66 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: As precipitation suppression material, titanium ion is contained in the positive-electrode electrolyte solution. Both electrolyte solutions contain manganese ion and titanium ion. The concentration of titanium ion in the positive-electrode electrolyte solution is 50% or more of the concentration of manganese ion of positive-electrode electrolyte solution. The concentration of each of manganese ion and titanium ion in the positive-electrode electrolyte solution is 0.3-5M. The positive-electrode electrolyte solution contains bivalent manganese ion and/or trivalent manganese ion, and tetravalent titanium ion. The negative-electrode electrolyte solution contains trivalent titanium ion and/or tetravalent titanium ion, bivalent vanadium ion and/or trivalent vanadium ion, bivalent chromium ion and/or trivalent chromium ion, bivalent zinc ion, and/or bivalent tin ion and/or tetravalent tin ion. The positive-electrode electrolyte solution further contains trivalent chromium ion. The positive electrode and negative electrode contains ruthenium, titanium, iridium, manganese, palladium, gold, platinum, and/or their metal oxides, carbon composite, dimensionally stable electrode containing composite material, conductive polymer, graphite, glassy carbon, conductive diamond, electroconductive diamond-like carbon, nonwoven fabric consisting of carbon fibers, and/or woven fabric consisting of carbon fibers. The diaphragm is porous membrane, swelling diaphragm, cation-exchange membrane, and/or anion-exchange membrane. The solvent of both electrolyte solutions is aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, disodium sulfate, phosphoric acid, dipotassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, and/or sodium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves heating the epoxy system; injecting, filling, or infusing the epoxy system into a mold, where the mold is a wind blade mold; and adding a reactivity agent to the epoxy system. The diluent has a weight percent in the epoxy system in the range of 2-30%. The reactivity agent is selected from glycerin carbonate, glycerin, and/or N-aminoethyl piperazine, where the epoxy system further comprises an additive (preferably processing aid, filler, stabilizer, additive, and/or adjuvant. Preferred Components: The diluent is propylene carbonate. The diluent is selected from delta -valerolactam, delta -valerolactone, gamma -valerolactone, butyrolactam, beta butyrolactone, and/or gamma butyrolactone. The epoxy system is free of aliphatic glycidyl ether. The aliphatic glycidyl ether comprises diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butane diol. The amine hardener comprises an aliphatic amine having an amine-hydrogen functionality greater than two amine hydrogens per molecule. The epoxy comprises multifunctional polyglycidyl ether of dihydric phenol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The surface in the electrolyte layer opposing with the anode is coated with a coating liquid containing high-molecular compound, trimethyl borate, and thickener to form the coating liquid layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte consists of an electrolyte layer containing the polymer (5-60) and high-molecular compound (40-95), and a coating liquid layer containing the high-molecular compound (59.9-98.9), trimethyl borate (1-40), and a thickener (0.1-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The circuit board is provided with a universal serial bus (USB) charging mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polysilicon-insulator-polysilicon semiconductor layer is formed below the transparent substrate and used for generating the electron hole pair so as to provide photoelectric current and increase the optical absorptivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The hydrochloric acid is used as catalyst to adjust reaction pH to 2.5-3. The standing time is 4-8 hours. The ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes. The rotating speed of the first section provided by glue homogenizing machine is 500 revolutions/second for 8 seconds; and the rotating speed of the second section is 5000 revolutions/second for 30 seconds. The temperature is heated at 400-450 degrees C from 110-115 degrees C; and the method comprises controlling heating speed at 8-10 degrees C/minute, maintaining at 110-115 degrees C for 10 minutes, heating at 270-290 degrees C for 10 minutes, and heating to 400-450 degrees C for 15-20 minutes. Preferred Component: The substrate is solar battery plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent, during polymerization, is ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The initiator, during polymerization, is benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile. The organic solvent in the film formation step is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone dimethyl sulfoxide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The quaternized agent is hydrochloric acid, methyl iodide, bromoethane or benzyl chloride. The solvent of the quaternized agent solution is deionized water, ethanol, propyl ether, petroleum ether or cyclohexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: During polymerization, the molar ratio of the acrylate in the tertiary amino functional radical to the fluorinated acrylate monomer is (0.3-4):1. Preferred Method: During polymerization, the reflowing reaction is conducted at 50-90 degrees C for 4-28 hours. The drying step during the film formation is conducted at 50-90 degrees C. The quaternization is conducted for 12-48 hours at 30-50 degrees C. Preferred Component: The fluorinated acrylate monomer is a compound of CH2=C(R3)-C(O)-O- CE2CxFy, which is octafluoropropyl methacrylate, octafluoroamyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, or preferably trifluoromethyl methacrylate or hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. In the polymerization, the acrylate comprising tertiary amino group functional radical is CH2=C(R1)-C(O)-O-R2-N(CH3)2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The isolating layer contains metal oxide particles selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electronic isolating layer is made of polymer selected from polyacrylic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, butadiene styrene rubber and siloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicate electrolyte consists of (wt.%) sulfuric acid (20-45), ammonium phosphate (1-2), silicon dioxide (10-15), ammonium persulfate (2-3), sodium sulfate (1-1.5), potassium sulfate (1-1.5), polyacrylamide (1-2), dispersant (1-2), stabilizing agent (2-3), catalyst (3-5), and deionized water (balance). The basic salt consists of sodium metal salt and/or potassium metal salt. Preferred Method: The magnetization treatment is performed at an intensity of 8000-10000 gauss for 10-20 seconds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol and/or fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether. The stabilizing agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and/or vanillin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alkali salt is metallic sodium or alkali salt of potassium. The magnetization intensity is 8000-10000 gausses. The time for magnetization is 10-20 seconds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersion stabilizing agent is glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether. The stabilizing agent is sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or vanillin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The aqueous alkali is alkali metal hydroxide solution or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasma source is argon gas plasma source, nitrogen gas plasma source, oxygen gas plasma source, helium gas plasma source, hydrogen gas plasma source, water vapor plasma source and/or air plasma source. The plasma is glow discharge plasma, corona discharge plasma, dielectric barrier plasma or jet flow plasma, preferably low-pressure plasma or atmospheric plasma. The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dimethylbenzene, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl sulfoxide and/or methyl pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer powder is polyvinyl chloride, polyether sulfone, polyaryl sulfone or polyethylene, with particle size of less than 200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat-resistant resin is made of polyarylether, aromatic polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polybutylene, terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thin film photovoltaic battery is chosen from any of the silicon substrate thin film photovoltaic battery, copper indium gallium selenium thin film photovoltaic battery and cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic battery which are doped by polymer materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar panel comprises a substrate containing glass and a superstrate, where the adhesive composition is in contact with the glass of the substrate. The solar panel comprises a substrate containing polymer, where the adhesive composition is in contact with the polymer of the substrate. The first component comprises at least one of a back rail, a frame, and a junction box (preferably metal back rail). The second component comprises a substrate of the solar panel. The substrate comprises at least one of polymer and glass. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves allowing the adhesive/sealant composition to cure such that the frame is bonded to the solar panel through the cured adhesive/sealant composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The moisture curable adhesive composition comprises the silane functional amorphous poly- alpha -olefin polymer (5-80 wt.%); and the thermoplastic tackifying agent (5-35 wt.%). The moisture curable adhesive composition further comprises a thermoplastic component having a softening point of less than 120 degrees C; and a spacer. The silane functional poly- alpha -olefin polymer has a softening point of at least 120 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Moisture curable hot melt adhesive composition comprising (unit not defined) VESTOPLAST 206 (RTM: silane terminated amorphous polyalphaolefin (APAO)) (65), VESTOPLAST 508 (RTM: APAO) (15), INSITE 9807-15 (RTM: block polymer) (15), SUKOREZ 120 (RTM: tackifier) (4.5), SILQUEST A-ink 597 (RTM: adhesive promoter) (0.48), and DABCO T-12 (RTM: catalyst) (0.02) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameter: In the device above, the hole density on the substrate is 400-10000 holes/cm2. The substrate has a square pitch and the hole density on the substrate of 1000-2500 holes/cm2. The thickness of the substrate is 20-1000 microns, preferably 50-100 microns. The gas inlet width is 0.1-0.2 gas outlet width. The average gas outlet width is 20-50 microns. The variation in the width of the gas outlet and/or gas inlet is no more than 10%, preferably less than 1% across the length of the substrate. The gas outlet width is about half the width of the desired bubble size, where preferably the desired bubble size of 50-100 microns. The cross-sectional shape of each hole is circular, and the widths of the gas inlet and gas outlet are the diameters of the gas inlet and gas outlet, where the angle of taper from the gas inlet towards the gas outlet is relative to the longitudinal axis of each hole and is 6-26 degrees , preferably 10-15 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base metal element comprises metal salt of complex which belongs to iron group, preferably nickel salt. The precious metal element comprises metal salt of complex which belongs to platinum group. The support comprises conductive carbon. The microparticles of shell portion contain metal which belongs to platinum group. The microparticles of core portion contain metal which belongs to iron group, preferably nickel. Preferred Property: The metal microparticles have average particle diameter of 3-15 nm, measured by electron-microscope observation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (A) further contains an acidic catalyst or a base catalyst, and a surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of vinyl acetate contained in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reflective substrate consists of aluminum (alloy). The surface at the side of light-reflective surface of the substrate is mirror-finished.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The coating composition further contains metal alkoxide, isocyanate hardening agent, block forming isocyanate hardening agent, and/or amino resin as curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Units: Unit (A2) is a unit based on monomer (a2) having a crosslinkable group. Unit (A1) is based on tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, and/or vinyl fluoride. The crosslinkable group is hydroxyl group, carboxy group, amino group, epoxy group, alkoxysilyl group, and/or isocyanate group, preferably hydroxyl group and/or alkoxysilyl group. Preferred Property: The coating composition forms transparent or opaque cured coating film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains 85 mol% or more of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride. The aromatic diamine contains 85 mol% or more of p-phenylene diamine. The aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (50-95 mol%) and pyromellitic dianhydride (5-50 mol%). The CIS-type solar cell has chalcopyrite-type compound semiconductor layer on laminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The weight decreasing rate of polyimide film after heat-processing is 1 %mass or less at 500 degrees C for 20 minutes. 5% thermogravimetry reduction temperature of polyimide film in air is 600 degrees C or more. The average linear expansion coefficient of polyimide film at 50-200 degrees C is more than 0 and 16 ppm/ degrees C or less. The polyimide film has thickness of 12-100 mu m. The laminate has a conductive layer on the polyimide film. The conductive layer is molybdenum layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The solar cell sealing material having thickness of 0.3 mm and 0.45 mm, have water-vapor permeation rate of 4 g/(m2.day) at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic compound is silicon compound or aluminum compound. The glow discharge carried out in atmosphere containing inert gas and nitrogen-containing gas, inert gas, carbon-containing oxide gas and polymerizable unsaturated oxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic resin has group chosen from ultraviolet absorption group, ultraviolet-ray stabilization group and polysiloxane structure in a molecule. The fluororesin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-type copolymer. Preferred Property: The laminated material has visible ray transmittance of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The crosslinking density of rubber sheet component is 9x 10-3-9x 10-7 mol/cm3. The rubber sheet component comprises ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer rubber, and/or ethylene- alpha -olefin and nonconjugated diene copolymer rubber. The carbon number of alpha -olefin is 2-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): A pyridine-type compound of formula (V) is reacted with nitrogen-containing compound of formula (VI) in presence of tetrahydrofuran and palladium catalyst to obtain aromatic ring compound of formula (VII). The obtained compound (VII) is subjected to cyclization reaction in presence of lithium diisopropyl amide in tetrahydrofuran to obtain nitrogen-containing fused ring compound (I).Ar11=Ar1;Z=Z1;R'=R3;andX11,X12=nitrogen-containing condensed ring containing oxygen atom.Preferred Composition: The polycyclic-type structural unit (I) is preferably of formula (II). The polycyclic-type structural unit (II) is preferably of formula (III). The nitrogen-containing condensed-ring polymer further has aromatic structural unit of formula: -(Ar3)- and of formula (IV).Ar3=heterocyclic group optionally containing arylene;R11,R12=R1;andZ5=Z1. Preferred Definitions:    Z1-Z4=sulfur;    X1-X4=oxygen;and    Ar1,Ar2=benzene ring or thiophene ring.    EXAMPLE - 2,6-Bis-triisopropylsilanyl-3,4,5-trithia-1,7-diaza-cyclopenta(1,2-a;4,3-a')dipentalene-8,9-dione and tetrahydrofuran were reacted in presence of lithium diisopropylamide at -78 degrees C to room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain nitrogen-containing fused ring compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The aqueous polymeric latex (A) has glass transition temperature of 40 degrees C or more and molecular weight of 10000 or more. The organic layer has thickness of 0.1-5 mu m. The inorganic layer has thickness of 20-500 nm. Preferred Composition: The aqueous polymeric latex (A) is polyester polyol or polyacryl polyol. The aqueous polymeric latex (A) has naphthalene structure. The amount of aqueous oxazoline crosslinking agent is 3-26 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of aqueous polymeric latex. The base film is hydrolysis-proof polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate includes conductive material(s) from copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, stainless steel, or silicon. The patterned non-conductive insulating layer includes non-conductive insulating material(s) from silicon oxides, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, or aluminum oxide. The porous layer includes titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. The titanium dioxide comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the zinc oxide comprises zinc oxide nanoparticles. The porous layer includes dye sensitizer(s) and/or quantum dot sensitizer(s). The electrocatalyst material layer includes electrocatalyst material(s) from platinum or cobalt sulfide. The second conductive layer includes conductive material(s) from copper, nickel, chromium, or titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate includes conductive material(s) from stainless steel. The second conductive layer includes conductive material(s) from stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The patterned nonconductive insulating layer includes polymer(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic nanoparticles are chosen from IB group, IIIA group, IV group, VIA group semiconductor thin film materials, preferably copper-indium-gallium sulfo diselenide, and silicon nano crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The contact layer contains metal oxide(s) chosen from zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide and hafnium oxide. The water-vapor barrier is silicon compound or aluminum compound, preferably aluminum oxide. Preferred Property: The visible ray transmittance of laminate is 80% or more. Preferred Process: The dry process used for formation of contact layer or water-vapor barrier is sputtering method or a plasma chemical vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororesin is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-type copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polymer resin is chosen from polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, aliphatic polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyamide imide, phenol resin, polyimide, amino resin, unsaturated polyester resins, diallyl phthalate resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polybutadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer, nitrile rubber, acryl rubber, fluorine rubber, chloroprene rubber and silicone rubber. The resin is filled to thickness of 5-10 mu m. Preferred Property: The thermally conductive plastic has thermal conductivity of 70-110 W/m.K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy particles are silver-palladium particles. The content of palladium in silver-palladium particles, is 1-30 wt.%, based on weight of the silver-palladium particles. The content of alloy particles is 0.01-20 wt.%, based on the total amount of the paste. The alloy has mean particle diameter of 0.1-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) is a poly(aryloxybenzoylphenylene). The poly(aryloxybenzoylphenylene) is a poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene). EXAMPLE - 2,5-Dichloro-4'-phenoxybenzophenone (0.515 g) and 2,2'-bipyridine (0.681 g) were dissolved in a round bottom flask (50 ml) in 20 ml of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The solution was warmed to 60 degrees C, and bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel(O) (1 g) was added to the solution. Stirring was continued for 3 hours and the reaction mixture was added to a solution of methanol (50 ml) and 12 N hydrochloric acid (20 ml) to precipitate polymer. The crude polymer was washed with methanol and dried to yield poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photocatalyst is provided with the titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, indium oxide, tungsten trioxide, vanadium oxide, iron titanium oxide, bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, potassium tantalite, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, nitrous oxide, niobium oxide and titanium oxide-lead oxide. The photocatalyst is provided with gold alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, palladium, palladium alloy, rhodium, rhodium alloy, iridium, iridium alloy, cobalt, cobalt alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, silver and silver alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The base material is transparent base material having visible light transmittance of 85% or more, base material having electroconductivity, or electroconductive base material having main component (4) and conductive layer (5) laminated on the main component. Preferred Composition: The transparent base material contains glass. The conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A porous titanium oxide layer (3) is laminated on the surface of the base material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is of formula: (Rv1)-(CH(CH3)CH2O)n-(CH2CH(CH3)O)m-(Rv2) (I) or (Rv3)-(CH2CH2CH2CH2O)p-(Rv4) (II). The monomer (m1) has (meth)acryloyl group. The weight ratio of crosslinking agent and monomer (m1) is 1:99-50:50. The content of titanium oxide particles having primary particle size of 3-500 nm is 60 wt.% or more in the titanium oxide-containing paste. The content of thermally varnishing resin particles is 3-60 wt.% with respect to 100 wt.% of titanium oxide-containing paste. The crystal form of the titanium oxide particles is anatase type. The titanium oxide-containing paste further contains a dispersing agent.Rv1=group having polymerizable unsaturated group, preferably (H2C=C(-R11)-C(=O)-O)-;Rv2=group having polymerizable unsaturated group, preferably -(C(=O)-C(-R12)=CH2);Rv3=group having polymerizable unsaturated group, preferably (H2C=C(-R21)-C(=O)-O)-;Rv4=group having polymerizable unsaturated group, preferably -(C(=O)-C(-R22)=CH2);R11,R12,R21,R22=H or methyl;andn+m,p=1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thermally varnishing resin particles have particle size change rate by terpineol swelling of 20% or less and particle size of 10 nm to 1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring is optionally substituted pyridinium, imidazolium, thiazolium, isothiazolium, oxazolium, isoxazolium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, quinolinium, indolium, benzothiazolium, benzoxazolium, benzo imidazolium, imidazo pyridinium, bipyridinium, acridinium, triazinium, triazolium, naphtho thiazolium and/or benzo indolium. The electrolyte has polymethylene chain and/or polyethylene-oxide chain in a principal chain. The partial structure of the polymer electrolyte is of formula (I, II, III or IV). The content of polycation polymer electrolyte and content of electroconductive carbon material are 3-50 wt.% and 5-80 wt.%, respectively.n=5-500;andR=H or monovalent substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The urethane-type adhesive bond layer further contains carbodiimide compound and a silane coupling agent. Preferred Film: The transparent support base material sheet is vapor deposition film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent substance further contains activator chosen from europium, manganese and/or cerium, preferably europium, and has average particle diameter of 10 nm to 20 mu m. The parent material further contains aluminum-silicon nitride (MAlSiN3, where M is barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium), preferably calcium-aluminum-silicon nitride or (strontium, calcium)-aluminum-silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The calcium concentration in parent material is more than 0.01 mol% and less than 7 mol%, preferably 2.6 mol%. The strontium concentration in parent material is 0.01-9 mol%, preferably 0.8-4 mol%. The manganese concentration of fluorescent substance is 35 mol%. The fluorescent substance has average particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 20 mu m or less. The addition amount of fluorescent substance in sealing material sheet with respect to average particle diameter is between 0.004 or less and 8.74 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The sealing material contains ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The sealing material is mixed with additive chosen from organic peroxide, crosslinking adjuvant and adhesion improving material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the inert particles is 0.1-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polyvinyl butyral resin sheet is formed on the iron plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of flame retardant is 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film further has polyester layer (B). The content of polyester layer (A) is 5-45 weight% with respect to content of polyester layer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The flame retardant has melting point or decomposition point of 270 degrees C or more and average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of flame retardant is 5-45 parts weight. The flame retardant contains ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate and/or melamine polyphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flame-retardant is coated by substance (s) chosen from melamine resin and its derivative(s). Preferred Process: The substance (s) is surface treated by silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of Ib group element powder and IIIb group element powder is 1-1.5:1. The content of the organic component is 20-70 %mass. Preferred Method: The coating process is performed by screen printing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tape is designed as a stainless steel tape or a steel belt with a corrosion protection layer that is made of zinc magnesium alloy. The tape is made of aluminum or plated metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tape is made of fiber reinforced thermoplastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The refractor is also formed of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The refractor is formed of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell body is made of composite material such as fiber-reinforced polymer material. The bedding insulation contains polyethylene, advantageously high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isosorbide diester is of formula (II).R11, R12 = aliphatic, optionally branched 5-11C residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film additionally comprises 1-40 wt.% at least one additional plasticizer based on the total amount of plasticizer comprising di-(2-butoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-phthalate, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid-diisononyl ester, diisononyl adipate (DINA), di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, triethyleneglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate or di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-phthalate. Preferred Components: The softening temperature of polyvinyl acetal is less than or equal to 77 degrees C. The acetate content of polyvinyl acetal is less than 5 wt.%. The film exhibits a plasticizer release of less than 4 wt.%. The polyvinyl acetal is polyvinyl butyral. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The inert gas is argon gas, or mixed gas of argon gas and oxygen gas. Preferred Layer: The gas barrier layer contains silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, magnesium, their oxide, their nitride or their mixture, preferably silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The curing catalyst is chosen from iron acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, aluminum acetonate, tin tetrachloride, diisopropoxy bisacetyl acetonato titanium and dihydroxy bislactate titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: A secondary polymeric resin layer is laminated on surface of gas barrier layer. A curing catalyst is added to primary or secondary polymeric resin layer. The primary and secondary polymeric resin layers are formed by mixing polymeric resin and silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The mother die with corrugation is formed on surface by coating block copolymer solution containing solvent on base material, drying coating film on base material, and forming micro phase-separation structure of block copolymer. Preferred Composition: The cured resin layer contains acrylic resin. The block copolymer comprising polymer segment (a) containing homopolymer (h1) having solubility parameter of 0.1-10 (cal/cm3)1/2 and polymer segment (b) comprising homopolymer (h2) having high solubility parameter. The homopolymer (h1) in block copolymer and homopolymer (h2) is styrene-type polymer and polyalkyl methacrylate, styrene-type polymer and polyethylene oxide, styrene-type polymer and polyisoprene, or styrene-type polymer and polybutadiene, preferably polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate. The block copolymer solution further contains homopolymer (h3) which is different from homopolymer (h1) and homopolymer (h2). The other homopolymer is polyalkylene oxide. Preferred Properties: The average height of corrugation formed on surface facing transparent conductive layer of cured resin layer is 5-200 nm. The average pitch of corrugation currently formed in surface facing transparent conductive layer of cured resin layer is 100-2000 nm. The block copolymer has number average molecular weight of 500000 or more, molecular weight distribution of 1.5 or less and volume ratio of polymer segment (a) and polymer segment (b) of 3:7-7:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The extruded resin film is made of polyvinyl butyral, poyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sticking elements are made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate layer or polyvinyl butyral, and the super transparent light intense concentrating layer is made of Teflon (RTM: PTFE), polyester or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The telemetry module is communicated with peripheral devices through WiFi network.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The isolation bag is made from polythene, polypropylene or polythene-vinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cap security seal material comprising polymer, wax, clay-like, or viscous paste-like consistency adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gasket of the solar cell is made of ethylene propylene terpolymer and self-adhesion type silicone rubber. The adhesive agent used for the adhesive bond layer provided in the interface of sheet-like structure and the gasket is liquid epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium oxide is rutile-type titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin contained in layers (a) and (b) is aromatic vinyl-type resin, polyester-type resin or polyolefin resin. The aromatic vinyl-type resin contains rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl-type resin (a1) obtained by polymerizing monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of rubber polymer and copolymer (a2) of monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound. The amount of rubber polymer is 5-40 parts mass. The rubber polymer contains ethylene- alpha -olefin-type rubber, hydrogenated conjugated diene rubber, acrylic-type rubber, silicone-type rubber and/or silicone-acryl composite rubber. The layer (a) is directly laminated on both sides of layer (b) or through another layer (c).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ceramic film contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride. Protective layer is a metal alkoxide. Preferred Process: The ceramic film precursor is reacted in oxygen, ozone, water, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, nitrogen, and/or nitrous oxide as reacting agent, and argon and/or nitrogen as purge gas, in a pressure reduced environment. Atomic layer deposition is plasma atomic layer deposition using greater than or equal to 13.56 MHz frequency power.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Base material is a polymer film. Ceramic film precursor is tris-dimethyl aminosilane, tetrachlorosilane, tetraethoxysilane and/or bis-tert.-butyl aminosilane. Preferred Parameters: Adhesive layer is 10-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Body: In the transparent sintered body, the silica is a hollow microparticle. The refractive index with respect to 633 nanometer light is 1.33 or less, and haze value based on the total light transmittance with respect to visible light is 0.25 or less. The transparent sintered body is a 0.01-5-micrometer-thick thin film sintered body, preferably an optical coating membrane, or an anti-reflective film. The transparent sintered body is formed by baking 300-700 degrees C of compositions which mixed the silsesquioxane compound obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing the trialkoxysilane compound on alkali conditions, and the silica for 0.1-10 hours. The silsesquioxane compound has at least 1 sort of functional group selected from an epoxy group and a (meth)acryl group in a molecule. The transparent sintered body is a lens, an optical component, light emission or light absorption electronic device components, optical device components, or display device components, or a photovoltaic component. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The packaging layer is made of soft film-making materials including fluorine-containing polymers with polyimide, Teflon (RTM: PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bending part of bottom part and straight belly part use second carbon fiber fabric formed by warp and weft of carbon fiber in leaning way relative to circumferential direction of the crucible.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Methods: The second electrode is formed by adding a metal salt to the solid electrolyte and reducing the solid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The nanoparticles are metal oxide semiconductors. The metal quantum dot is electric neutral or ion, preferably gold quantum dot. The second electrode is palladium, silver, aluminum, platinum, gold, and/or conductive macromolecule. The metal salt is palladium oxide, chloroauric acid, and/or chloroplatinic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The dye is organic dye or organic metal dye. The nanoparticles further include thiol group or amido.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The solid electrolyte is polyethylene dimethoxy bi-thiophene, poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-3-butylthiophene, polythiophene or its derivative, polypyrrole or its derivative, and/or polyaniline or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive is polyacrylic acid and/or polypropylene cyanogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is graphite powder or carbon fiber powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is Chemigum (RTM: acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber)-modified phenolic resin, cashew nut shell oil or melamine-modified phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Methods: The method includes mixing polyvinylidene fluoride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, stirring for 3-4 hours, adding conductive carbon black, stirring for 3-4 hours at high speed, and adding lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydroxide fluorine-containing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) polyurethane resin is fluorine-containing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) polyurethane resin with hydroxyl group at end group formed by alternately polymerizing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) diol and hydroxide fluorine resin as soft chain section and aliphatic diisocyanate as rigid chain, such that resin has viscosity of 500-800 mPa.s, non-volatile component of 58-62%, hydroxyl value of 40-70 mg KOH/g, and fluorine content of 15-25%. The hydroxide fluorine-containing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) polyurethane resin can be acrylic acid polyhydric alcohol resin formed by polymerizing acrylic ester with carbon-fluorine key at side chain and other acrylic ester monomers, such that resin has viscosity of 700-1000 mPa.s, non-volatile component of 58-62%, hydroxyl value of 40-60 mg KOH/g, and fluorine content of 15-20%. The isocyano fluorine-containing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) polyurethane prepolymer is fluorine-containing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) polyurethane resin cyanate group at end group formed by alternately polymerizing Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate) diol and hydroxide fluorine resin as soft chain section and aliphatic diisocyanate as rigid chain, such that resin has viscosity of 200-500 mPa.s, non-volatile component of 58-62%, isocyano group content of 4.5-5.5%; and fluorine content of 10-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is chain-shaped acid ester and/or cyclic acid ester; lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium fluoroaluminate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium halide, fluorohydrocarbylfluoroxy phosphate and/or lithium fluorohydrocarbyl sulfonate; separating film is arranged between anode and cathode; and separating film is provided with polymer electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solution is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran; and the weight ratio of the polymer base body to organic solution is 5-30:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porosity of the polymer electrolyte film is 50-60%, and the mechanical strength is 0.50-0.54 kgf. The number average molecular weight of polymer-containing silicon-oxygen bond long chains is 150000-180000; and the polymer electrolyte film is 1-20 mu m. The molecular weight of the polymer base body is 10000-50000; and the melting point of the polymer base body is 130-160 degrees C. The contact temperature is 25-40 degrees C. The silicate is ethyl silicate, allyl silicate, dihydroxy silicate and/or alkyl silicate; and the weight ratio of the polymer base body to silicate is 10:1-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The glass fiber fabric layer is formed by combining single-axial and multi-axial alkali-free glass fiber fabric and multi-axial carbon fiber fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent substrate is selected from organic glass, float glass, tempered glass, and plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectric cell panel is selected from silicon photoelectric cell panel, gallium arsenide cell plate, and selenium indium copper cell plate. The membrane of light guide microscope is selected from barium sulfate membrane, titanium dioxide membrane and titanium dioxide-barium sulfate mixture membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water solution of the amine is 33-44 mass% trimethylamine aqueous solution, mixed solution of 33-44 mass% trimethylamine aqueous solution and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine at a volume ratio of 4-1:1, or mixed solution of 33-40 mass% trimethylamine aqueous solution and 25-28 mass% ammonia water at a volume ratio of 4-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises:(A) placing the polymer base film in a modifying solvent, which is potassium hydroxide (0.1-0.5 M) and ethanol solution; treating the film in the solution for more than 2 hours;(B) mixing the monomer, the divinyl benzene (DVB) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) at a mol ratio of (95-98): (4-1) :1;(C) placing the pre-treated polymer base film in the prepared monomer solution at 20-25 degrees C for 24-120 hours;(D) absorbing the monomer solution on the surface of the soaked polymer base film by a filter paper, laying the polymer base film flatly between two thick glass plates, sealing the clearance of the glass plates by adhesive tapes, placing this three-layer structure on a heating panel, placing 2-5 kg of weight blocks to apply an external pressure, then heating the three-layer structure at 110-120 degrees C for 3-4 hours; and(E) removing the obtained composite film from the surface of the glass plate, then soaking the composite in aqueous solution of amine, taking out and soaking and washing with deionized water for 0.5-1 hour, then placing in 0.5-2 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for treatment for 22-48 hours.Preferred Components: The polymer base film material comprises Teflon, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer or polybenzimidazole. The polymer monomer comprises chloromethyl styrene (VBC) or methyl epoxy acrylate resin (GMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The air knife plate is made of polyvinyl chloride, polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride and Teflon (RTM: PTFE Invented at DuPont's Jackson Laboratory).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The medium of the hot water recycle pipe is water or other heat exchange medium. The energy conduction medium in the heat pipe is water or air, glycol, methanol or calcium chloride aqueous solution. The buried heat exchanger in the ground-source heat pump is a vertically or horizontally laid buried heat exchanger. The heat extract target of the ground-source heat pump is soil or the under ground water or the surface water. The air-energy heat pump system is increased with an evaporator, a reversing valve and an electromagnetic valve to be maintained conveniently. A solar water tank, a hot water pipeline, a cold water pipeline and a biogas generator unit are added. The material of the anaerobic digestion pool is concrete, steel, glass reinforced plastic, enamel, polyvinyl chloride composition material, plastic, rubber or brick concrete structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polyvalent metal salt is zinc iodide, cobalt chloride, cadmium iodide, iron(II) iodide, cerium iodide, copper molybdate, and/or nickel iodide. The monovalent metal salt is alkali metal compound, preferably iodine salt(s) of lithium, sodium and/or potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polar micromolecular plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide, preferably ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer-metal ion complex is obtained by complexing the polyvalent metal salt with the polymer. Preferred Process: Methylbenzene solution of reactant (A) and reactant (B) is heated to 65-85 degrees C in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile to copolymerize for 1-4 hours, or methylbenzene solution of reactant (A) is heated to 65-85 degrees C to homopolymerize for 1-4 hours, to obtain the polymer. Reactant (A) is 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic alkene monomer chosen from 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylpyrazine, 2-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcarbazole. Reactant (B) is acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, or methacrylate. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of the polymer is 2000-10000, preferably 4000. Preferred Composition: The polymer-metal ion complex gel electrolyte also contains monovalent metal salt and iodine. The gel electrolyte comprises (in parts weight) polymer-metal ion complex (1), polar micromolecular plasticizer (9-19), monovalent metal salt (0-0.67), and iodine (0-0.2). The weight ratio of polymer and polyvalent metal salt in the polymer-metal ion complex is 1:0.4-0.93. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3,R6=H;    R4=pyridyl;and    R5=-CN.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cellulose nanofiber has chemically modified hydroxyl group (0.01-50%) by modification group. The resin composition has average light transmittance in 400-700 nm is 60% or more. The cellulose nanofiber has saturation absorption factor of 300-5000 %mass in organic solvent of SP value 8-13. The X-ray-diffraction pattern sets range of theta to 0-30 having one peak with 1 or 2 peaks in 14 less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 18 and 21 less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 24.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is a water-insoluble solvent. The hydroxyl group is esterified hydroxyl group or etherified hydroxyl group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The glass fiber fabric is arranged between the top layer and the core layer and/or between the core layer and the lower layer. The top layer comprises color-pigments, and a two-component clear-lacquer layer. The lower layer exhibits a fixing agent, with which the working- or functional part is fixed on an object. The layers comprise carbon fibers. The surface of the top layer is rough or corrugated. The working- or functional part is formed as a plate. The top layer of the plate exhibits a flanged edging in the form of a bevel on at least one edge, where the edge of the core layer and/or the lower layer is covered. A milling groove is provided in the plate. The working- or functional part comprises a flushing surface in the milling groove. The plate is formed as a bendable covering plate. Preferred Method: The layers are adhered with each other. The method comprises applying the glass fiber fabric between the top layer and the core layer and/or between the core layer and the lower layer, incorporating the color pigments into the top layer, applying the two-component clear-lacquer layer on the top layer, incorporating the carbon fibers in one layer or between the two layers, and incorporating a fire-retardant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monocrystalline pillars comprise metal silicide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The monocrystalline substrate and monocrystalline pillars comprise monocrystalline semiconductor material. Preferred Process: A composition comprising self-assembling organic polymer and inorganic material matrix is coated on the monocrystalline substrate. Preferred Properties: The monocrystalline pillar has line-width dimension of 10-30 nm and separation distance of 10-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin material of high swellability is at least one selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of primarily vinylidene fluoride, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride ternary copolymer. The resin material of high melting point is at least one selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and acryl rubber. The adhesive layer is formed of an acrylic adhesive, a rubber-based adhesive, a silicone-based adhesive, a urethane-based adhesive, an alpha-olefin-based adhesive, an ether-based adhesive, an ethylene-vinyl acetate resin-based adhesive, an epoxy resin-based adhesive, a vinyl chloride resin-based adhesive, a chloroprene rubber-based adhesive, a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive, an aqueous polymer-isocyanate-based adhesive, a styrene-butadiene rubber-based adhesive, a nitrile rubber-based adhesive, a nitrocellulose-based adhesive, a reactive hotmelt-based adhesive, a phenol resin-based adhesive, a modified silicone-based adhesive, a polyamide resin-based adhesive, a polyimide-based adhesive, a polyurethane resin-based adhesive, a polyolefin resin-based adhesive, a polyvinyl acetate resin-based adhesive, a polystyrene resin solvent-based adhesive, a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone resin-based adhesive, a polyvinyl butyral resin-based adhesive, a polybenzimidazole-based adhesive, a polymethacrylate resin-based adhesive, a melamine resin-based adhesive, a urea resin-based adhesive, or a resorcinol-based adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube comprises single walled carbon nanotube and/or multi-walled carbon nanotube. The reactive moiety is alkyl-peroxide moiety, hydroperoxide moiety and/or oxygen radical. Preferred Process: The ozone-mediated process has a mixture of ozone and oxygen gas flow through the polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is: vinyl polymer, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, and/or heterocyclic ether ketone polymer; or polyimide, poly(amid acid), vinyl polymer, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, and/or heterocyclic ether ketone polymer; or poly(vinylidene fluoride), polysulfone, poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide), poly(phthalazinone ether ketone), and/or sulfonated fluoropolymer such as Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer). The ratio of the nanotube-first-polymer hybrid to the second polymer is 0.01-5 (preferably 0.05-2) wt.%. The first polymer and the second polymer are sulfonated fluoropolymers such as Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), and the nanocomposite film is applied in the proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell. EXAMPLE - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (0.3 g) was dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (30 ml) to form a poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer solution. A continuous stream of an ozone/oxygen mixture (at flow rate 6 l/minute and ozone concentration 28 g/m3), was bubbled through the poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer solution at room temperature for 15 minutes. After the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube (0.1 g), the mixture was reacted at 60 degrees C for 30 minutes. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were collected by filtration, washed with tetrahydrofuran, and dried under vacuum to give multi-walled carbon nanotube-poly(vinylidene fluoride) hybrid (0.105 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell has transparent conductive layer that is made of transparent conductive oxide selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, indium-zirconium oxide, aluminum-zirconium oxide, gallium-zirconium oxide, zinc oxide and/or silica. The reflection layer is made of non-metal, preferably graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The CNT-based layers are made of palladium-inclusive solution, and silver-inclusive solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semiconductor layers are made of polymeric materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass substrate, aluminum substrate, stainless steel substrate or plastic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium is 1:0.7:0.3:2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is distilled water, alcohol, ethers and ketone or mixture of distilled water, alcohol, ethers and/or ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The fuel cell system further comprises ion exchange resin between the exit of the water tank, and the entrance of fuel cell stack. It also comprises at least one or more of water generated by the fuel cell stack, the water which condensed the moisture content in the off gas of the fuel cell stack, and the water which condensed the moisture content in the waste gas from the burner which heats the modification part of the hydrogen production apparatus. The fuel cell system guides at least one part of the off gas constituted mainly of the air from the cathode of the fuel cell system in the water of the water tank, and performs bubbling. It connects reformation water supply type between the exit of the fuel cell stack, and the heat exchanger. It connects reformation water supply type between the water-tank exit and the fuel cell stack. It connects reformation water supply type to the downstream of the ion exchange resin, and the upstream of the fuel cell stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin layer contains polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxyethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and/or polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin. Preferred Process: The lamination of fluororesin layer on surface of base material sheet is carried out with an adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support surface comprises silicon oxide, silicon, and/or quartz. The catalyst comprises nickel, iron, cobalt, copper, gold, and/or a transition metal. The pressure sheet comprises steel and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protective sheet comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and/or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The accumulator comprises a main component that is immersed in the thermal storage solution layer and selected from a group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate and magnesium metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrocarbons are made of the solvent composition that is saturated alkanes of a chain type or alicyclic. The thermal storage solution is made of aqueous solution with dihydric alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solvent composition is made of poly alpha olefin or paraffin and mineral oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable group-containing unit (A2) is derived from monomer (a2) having crosslinkable group. The fluoroolefin-based unit contains tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride and/or vinylfluoride. The crosslinkable group is hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, epoxy group, alkoxysilyl group and/or isocyanate group. The coating composition further comprises hardening agent (B) and pigment (C) chosen from at least one of rust preventive pigment, color pigment and extender. The hardening agent (B) is metal alkoxide. The hardening agent (B) is chosen from isocyanate hardening agent, block forming isocyanate hardening agent and amino resin. Preferred Substrate: The transparent substrate is glass substrate. Preferred Material: An antirust coat is formed between reflective metal layer and cured coating film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer (A) is a polymer having at least one crosslinkable group chosen from alkoxysilyl group and hydroxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The olefin type monomer (I) is ethylene. The hydroxyl-group containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer (II) is vinyl alcohol. The carbonate-type solvent is chosen from diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active positive electrode material is chosen among lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide and lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide. The active negative electrode material is chosen among lithiated titanium oxide, a derivative of lithiated titanium oxide, non-lithiated titanium oxide, and/or a derivative of non-lithiated titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-woven fabric is made of fibers of polymer material chosen among polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, poly methyl methacrylate, polyoxy ethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polymer chosen from polyolefin and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is inorganic filler, preferably alumina with average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer latex contains 0.1-20 wt.% of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and 5-85 wt.% of aliphatic conjugated diene type monomer with respect to 100 wt.% of all the monomers. The polymer particles in the polymer latex have number average particle diameter of 50-250 nm. The polymer latex has toluene insoluble content of 20 wt.% or more. The polymer latex is obtained by copolymerizing aliphatic conjugated diene type monomer, ethylenically unsaturated monomer and monomer chosen from aromatic vinyl monomer, vinyl cyanide monomer and unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic pigment comprises titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide and/or barium sulfate, preferably titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of flame retardant is 1-90 %mass in conversion of non-volatile material. The flame retardant comprises melamine cyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin comprises polymer having monochloro tetrafluoroethylene as main component and polymer having tetrafluoroethylene as main component. The coating agent composition contains (in %mass) fluororesin (8-60), inorganic pigment (30-90) and flame retardant (1-60), and further contains isocyanate hardening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pre-processed silicon dioxide has granularity of 10 nm to 10 mu m. Preferred Method: The processing method includes providing silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent as scattering agent which is added to acetone suspension of silicon dioxide; and ultrasonically shaking for 2-3 hours to obtain pre-processed silicon dioxide scattering liquid, in which volume ratio of silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent to acetone liquid containing suspending silicon dioxide particle is 1:25-100. The solid content of silicon dioxide particle in acetone is 5-10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is carbonic ester solvent and organic solvent consisting of composite organic solvent composed of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, and methylethyl carbonate. The ion liquid is imidazole ion liquid consisting of fluoroboric acid 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole, hexafluorophosphoric acid 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole, chloro-1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazole, imine trifluoromethanesulfonate 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole, imine difluoromethane sulfonate 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole, or imine trifluoromethane sulfonate 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole. The composite lithium salt is at least two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluorophosphate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium perchlorate, lithium imine difluoromethanesulfonate, or lithium imine trifluoromethanesulfonate. The weight percentage of each component in composite organic solvent is not less than 10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecule polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), poly(ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin), or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nano-particles are nano titanium dioxide, nano silica, nano zinc oxide, nano magnesium calcium carbonate, nano zirconium dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, nano barium oxide, nano sodium fluoride, nano sodium-cesium, nano lanthanum fluoride, nano calcium carbonate and/or nano barium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isocyanate is 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, benzene dimethylene diisocyanate, methyl cyclohexyl diisocyanate and/or dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather resistant layer comprises (in parts by wt.) a polyester polyol (15-40), an isocyanate (1.5-5), inorganic nano-particles (0.1-3) and a solvent (40-55). The polyester polyol is polyadipic acid glycol ester glycol-polyadipic acid glycol ester-propylene glycol ester glycol-polyadipic acid diethylene glycol ester glycol-polyadipic acid ethylene glycol-diethylene glycol ester glycol, polyadipic acid, 1,4-butanediol ester glycol, polyadipic acid ethylene glycol-1,4-butanediol ester glycol and/or polyadipic acid neopentyl glycol-1,6-hexylene glycol ester glycol. The base material is polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, Makrolon (RTM: Polycarbonate resin), polyterephthalic acid butanediol ester or polynaphthalic glycol ester. The surface of the base material has a surface tension of more than 40 dyne/m and the thermal expansion coefficient of the base material is 2x 10-5 to 10x 10-5/K. The thickness of the weather resistant layer is 0.05-0.25, preferably 0.1-0.2 folds of the base material. The single surface or double surface of the base material is coated with the weather resistant layer. The solar battery back membrane is obtained after the weather resistant layer is solidified.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of aluminum plate is 0.2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The reflective layer is aluminum plate or stainless steel plate. Preferred Shape: The shape of reflective plate is flat type or curved type with concave slot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat insulation layer is hard polyurethane foam plastic having thickness of 1 cm. The structure layer is high density polyethylene layer having thickness of 2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic phase-changing material comprises crystalline hydrated salt, molten salt, metal or alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic inorganic phase-changing material comprises paraffin, and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin layer comprises polyethylene type resin having density of 0.92 g/cm3 or less. The sealing sheet is obtained by mixing masterbatch and carrier resin. The carrier resin (50 g or less) has melt tension of 160 degrees C. The resin layer is formed by performing crosslinking process by exposing to ionizing radiation. The surface of the resin layer is embossed in at least one portion. The resin layer has embossed shape having depth of 30 mu m or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acid modified polyolefin resin (A) comprises (in %mass): (a) ethylene components (50-98), and (b) 3-6C unsaturated hydrocarbon components (50-98). The aqueous dispersion does not contain non-volatile making water-based adjuvant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sodium-type zeolite is of formula: Na2O.Al2O3.ySiO2.zH2O.y=2-100;andz=0 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking agent is 0.1-2 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide. The copolymer sheet further contains 0.1-3 parts mass of crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The thickness of the adhesive layer is 2-10 mu m. The 1st and 2nd aqueous latex layers have thickness of 0.5-3 mu m. Preferred Components: The whitening agent of the solar cell backsheet is titanium oxide particles. The backsheet contains 10-30 eq/ton carboxyl groups. The inorganic vapor deposition layer has aluminum oxide or silicon oxide as main component. The 1st and 2nd aqueous latex layers have polyester resin, acrylic resin, acrylic-silicone resin, and/or olefin resin as main component. The adhesive layer is a 2-component type polyurethane adhesive. The 1st and 2nd lamination units are bonded by a nip roll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal modified MFI type zeolites include metals consisting of gallium, zinc, indium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold, and iridium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-solvent consists of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. The biomass is lipids, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In rechargeable lithium battery (I), the core is wound from 7-15 times. The negative active material comprises transition element oxides, materials capable of doping and de-doping lithium and/or material that are capable of reversibly reacting with lithium, where the negative active material comprises silicon, silicon oxide of formula (SiOx), tin and/or tin oxide. In rechargeable lithium battery (II), the core is wound from 5-10 times. The separator either extends into the core or does not extend into the core.x = greater than 0 to less than 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The positive and negative uncoated regions are coated with a polymer, where the polymer includes styrene butadiene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and/or polypropylene. The polymer is coated on both sides of the positive polymer region and the negative polymer region.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further comprises silver particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal particles including copper as a main component are at least one selected from phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles; silver-coated copper particles; or copper particles, where the copper particles are surface-treated with at least one of triazole compounds, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, inorganic metal compound salts, organic metal compound salts, polyaniline-based resins and metal alkoxides. The glass particles include an oxide comprising phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flux is at least one selected from fatty acids, boric acid compounds, fluoride compounds, or fluoroborate compounds. EXAMPLE - A phosphorus-containing copper alloy including 1 mass.% of phosphorus is prepared, dissolved, made into powder by water atomization method, then dried and classified. The classified powders were blended and subjected to deoxidation/dehydration treatments to prepare phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles including 1 mass.% of phosphorus. A G19 glass including vanadium oxide (32 parts), phosphorus oxide (26 parts), barium oxide (10 parts), tungsten oxide (10 parts), sodium oxide (1 part), potassium oxide (3 parts), zinc oxide (10 parts), and manganese oxide (8 parts) was prepared. By using the glass G19 obtained, glass particles having a particle diameter (D50%) of 1.7 mu m were obtained. The phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles (39.2 parts), silver particles (45.9 parts), glass particles (1.7 parts), potassium fluoroborate as a flux (1 part), and a butyl carbitol acetate solution (13.2 parts) including 4% of ethyl cellulose (EC) were mixed and stirred in a mortar made of agate for 20 minutes under mixing, to prepare a paste composition for an electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The supporter comprises color pigment having transparent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent material comprises polyurethane and acrylate polymer or epoxy polymer. An adhesive resin layer is also used in the solar cell module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer insulating layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material inlet port is made of aluminum oxide ceramic material. The air guide pipe and material inlet pipe are made of ceramic pipes or quartz pipes. The fuel container is made of aluminum oxide material. The heat insulating material is made of ceramic cotton. The packed material is metal silver. The ceramic connection material is calcium lanthanum chromate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current guider is made of metal sheet material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The current guider is made of plastic, nylon, glass fiber, reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blower pedestal drum is pressed on four layers of polyfluortetraethylene bearing sheets.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the thickness of the polyester film after the longitudinal stretching and the transverse stretching becomes 255-350 mu m. In the method (M1), the molten film-shaped polyester is cooled by a cast roll. In the method (M1), the transverse stretching is performed with a stretching stress of 8-20 MPa and a stretch ratio of 3.4-4.5 times. The method (M1) further involves after the longitudinal stretching and the transverse stretching, performing a heat setting treatment on the polyester film with a tensile strength of 1-10 kg/m and at a temperature of 210-230 degrees C. In the method (M1), solid-phase polymerized pellets are used as polyester to be extruded from the extrusion die. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate includes a polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spacer layer is constructed of a metal oxide, preferably with amorphous metal oxide including titanium oxide or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The spacer layer is substantially transparent in the visible wavelengths. The reflective second electrode is an electron-collecting electrode and the transparent electrode is a hole-collecting electrode. The spacer layer is constructed of a material: that is a good acceptor and an electron transport material with a conduction band lower in energy than that of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the organic polymer making up the photoactive layer; and having a material having the energy of its conduction band edge above or close to the Fermi energy of the adjacent electron-collecting electrode. The spacer layer has a thickness about a quarter of the wavelength of the incident light. The hole collecting electrode is a bilayer electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The spacer layer comprises an organic polymer. The active layer comprises an organic polymer in mixture with fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tubular body and cover are individual pieces made of natural plastics, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and formed by injection molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Organotin derivative of benzodithiophene and squarylium pigment having leaving group is subjected to Stille coupling reaction in aprotic solvent in presence of catalyst, to obtain conjugated-type copolymer oligomer. Preferred Compounds: The oligomer (I) is preferably of formula (II) or (III). The conjugated-type compound (IV) or (V) is preferably 1-dodecyl-5-(11-(1-dodecyl-2-((3-((1-dodecyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)methyl)-2-oxido-4-oxocyclobut-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-5-yl)-2,8-bis(dodecyloxy)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)-2-((3-((1-dodecyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)methyl)-2-oxido-4-oxocyclobut-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium or 1-butyl-5-(11-(1-butyl-2-((3-(dibutylamino)-2-oxido-4-oxocyclobut-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-5-yl)-2,8-bis(dodecyloxy)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)-2-((3-(dibutylamino)-2-oxido-4-oxocyclobut-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium. EXAMPLE - 5-Iodo-2-((3-((5-iodo-3,3-dimethyl-1-tridecyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)methyl)-2-oxido-4-oxocyclobut-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-tridecyl-3a,7a-dihydro-3H-indol-1-ium (in mg) (30), 2,6-bis-tert-butylstannanyl-4,8-bis-dodecyloxy-benzo(1,2-b,4,5-b')dithiophene (24), tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (1.5), copper iodide (0.3), dimethyl formamide (0.125 mL) and toluene (0.500 mL) were mixed, stirred at 50 degrees C for 21 hours, solvent was distilled, reprecipitated using methanol and purified, to obtain conjugated-type copolymer oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The gel fraction of the resin in the filler layer (13a) is 50% or more, and is 1.5 times or more the gel fraction of the resin in filler layer (13b). Preferred Composition: The resins in the layer (13a,13b) are ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is chosen from talc and/or mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The iodine number of ethylene of olefin-type rubber is 0-30. Preferred Component: The heat-resistant stabilizer is antioxidant chosen from arbitrarily phosphite-type antioxidant, thioether-type antioxidant, amine antioxidant, phenolic antioxidant and phenolic antioxidant, preferably hindered phenolic antioxidant having molecular weight of 400 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin rubber comprises ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and/or ethylene-propylene rubber in ratio of 100/0-30/70. The olefin-type rubber further contains heat-resistant stabilizer (0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 1.1-3 wt.%) in depth of 2 mm from the surface of at least one side of the diaphragm sheet. The diene content of olefin-type rubber is 60-80 mol%. Preferred Process: A plate-shaped inorganic filler-containing solution is coated to surface(s) of the sheet. Preferred Property: The diaphragm sheet has crosslinking density of 0.1x 10-4-10x 10-4 mol/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Thiophene compound having imide ring, and bivalent-conjugated group-containing compound are polymerized, to obtain conjugated polymer. Preferred Definitions:    X=bivalent aryl, bivalent heteroaryl, -(CH=CH)-, or -(CC)-.    EXAMPLE - 2,5-Bis(tributyl stannyl)thiophene (6 mg), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3.7 g) and toluene (1 ml) were mixed, stirred at 120 degrees C for 72 hours, cooled, the product was washed using methanol and hexane, and purified, to obtain poly((N-dodecyl-dioxo pyrrolothiophene)-alt-(thiophene)) (5.6 mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The layer (P2) is laminated on both the sides of the layer (P1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises the rate-controlling polymer (5-75 wt./wt.%). In the composition (C1), the ratio of amount of lacosamide or its salts to rate-controlling polymer is 1:10 to 10:1. The composition (C1) comprises a core of lacosamide or its salts coated with at least one rate-controlling polymer. The composition (C1) is matrix-type extended release pharmaceutical composition. The composition comprises multiple-unit particles containing lacosamide or its salts and rate-controlling polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The rate-controlling polymer is selected from hydrophilic polymer and/or hydrophobic polymer. The hydrophilic polymer is selected from cellulosic polymer/copolymer or its derivative including methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; polyacrylate, methyl acrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, chitosan, gum, starch derivative, polyurethane, galactomannan, polysaccharide, polyalcohol (preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). The hydrophobic polymer is selected from ethyl cellulose, glycerol palmitostearate, beeswax, glycowax, carnaubawax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, glycerol monostearate, stearylalcohol, glyceryl behenate, polyanhydride, methyl acrylate, acrylate copolymers and phthalate copolymer (preferably hydrogenated vegetable oil). ACTIVITY - Anticonvulsant; CNS-Gen.; Analgesic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A lacosamide tablet comprising (wt./wt.%): lacosamide (30-60), hydroxypropyl cellulose (5-50), lactose monohydrate (10-90), lactose anhydrous (5-20), talc (0.1-5), magnesium stearate (0.1-5), colloidal silicon dioxide (0.1-5), and isopropyl alcohol (quantity sufficient) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating film forming material has conductive ceramic material as main component, and contains binder and solvent. The conductive ceramic material is spinel-type oxide and/or perovskite-type oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is isopropanol and/or methoxy propanol. The binder is hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or ethyl cellulose. Preferred Properties: The conductive ceramic material has particle size of 0.2-1 mu m. The coating-film forming material has viscosity of 25-80 MPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises at least one non-fluorinated organic host compound. The absorption spectrum of M1 with the emission spectrum of M2 or the absorption spectrum of M2 with the emission spectrum of M1 overlaps with at least one of their absorption and emission bands. The compounds M1 and M2 are either fluorescent or phosphorescent emitters, respectively. The compounds M1 or M2 are covalently bonded to the organic host compound. The molar ratio of compound M1 to compound M2 is 0.01:1-1:0.01, preferably 1:2-2:1. At least one of the fluorine residues is of formula (CxHyFz). At least one of the fluorine residue comprises fluorine, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoro ethyl, trifluoro group of formulae (CF3(CH2)aS), (CF3CF2S) or (CF3-(CH2)a)2N). The solvents L1 and 12 are identical or miscible with each other.x, y = greater than or equal to 0;z = greater than or equal to 1, where 0 or 1 adjacent CH2 is replaced by O, S, Se, Te, Si(R1)2, Ge(R1)2, NR1, PR1, CO, P(R1)O; eitherR1 = optionally branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl or heteroalkyl, where one non-adjacent C of non-aromatic fraction is replaced by O, S, COO, OCO; or2R1 = ring system; anda = 0-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compounds M1 or M2 are small molecule or polymers, respectively. The organic host compound is a low molecular compound, dendrimer, oligomer or polymer. ACTIVITY - Dermatological; Antipsoriatic; Keratolytic; Vulnerary; Antiulcer; Antiseborrheic; Hepatotropic; Cytostatic; Antiinflammatory. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The width and height of rib is 3-8 (preferably 5) mu m, and 30 mu m, respectively. The distance of adjacent ribs, as measured from center to middle, is 50-70 (preferably 60) mu m. The opening angle of rib flanks is 30 degrees or 45 degrees . The film has a thickness of 100-300 (preferably 150-200) mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic synthetic material is polyvinyl chloride, optionally under the addition of conventional additives. The thermoplastic synthetic material is polyvinyl chloride or a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and ethylene vinyl acetate, optionally under the addition of additives. The film is a multilayered film based on polyvinyl chloride or a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and ethylene vinyl acetate with an upper layer of polyvinylidene fluoride or acrylate/polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol, and/or butyl carbitol acetate. The thickener is ethyl cellulose. The thixotropic agent is castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, gas-phase silicon dioxide, and/or organic bentonite. The surfactant is oleic acid, Span 85 (RTM: nonionic surfactant of sorbitan trioleate), and/or lecithin. The plasticizer is tributyl citrate and/or dibutyl phthalate. Preferred Conditions: The mixture is heated by placing in a vessel, heating at 50-70 degrees C in a water bath, and agitating sufficiently for 90-120 minutes at 60-120 rpm. Preferred Properties: The conductive silver slurry has a viscosity of 170-210 Pa.second, a leveling property of 2-3 minutes at 25 degrees C, and a fineness of 5-10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The flat plate frame is made of an aluminum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Plate: The corrosion-proof metal plate is stainless steel plate, titanium plate or nickel plate. The catalyst is iron, cobalt or nickel nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Cesium salt is Cs2CO3. The concentration of Cs2CO3 solution is 0.5-6, preferably 2-4 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step of modifying the film by Cs comprises putting Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film to Cs salt solution to obtain Cs-modified Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film. The step of modifying by HPW comprises putting the modified Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film to HPW solution to obtain Cs-HPW-modified Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film. The step of modifying by HPW comprises putting the modified Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film to 5-40, preferably 5-20 mM HPW solution to obtain Cs-HPW-modified Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film. Preferred Component: The reaction precipitate particle is obtained by the interaction of HPW and cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) on the surface of Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer content layer contains hydrophilic polymer binder of formula: -(CH2-C(-OR1OH)X)p- (I), -(CH2-C(-COOR2OH)X)m- (II) or -(CH2-C(-CONHR3OH)X)n- (III).X=H or methyl;R1-R3=5C or less alkylene;andp+m+n=50-100 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The amorphous polymer has glass transition temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl acetal resin by 5 degrees C or more. The glass transition temperature is measured using test piece with length of 20 mm, width of 3 mm and thickness of 0.7 mm, and is the peak temperature (T( alpha )) of the loss tangent of primary dispersion at the time of performing dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at frequency of 10 Hz, measurement temperature of -50 degrees C to 200 degrees C and temperature increase rate of 3 degrees C/minute. The total light transmittance of the laminated glass formed by interposing the test piece with thickness of 0.7 mm between two glasses with thickness of 1.3 mm, is 80% or more measured according to JIS K7105. The ratio of storage elastic modulus at 25 degrees C and storage elastic modulus at 100 degrees C is 75 or less. Preferred Component: The amorphous polymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer containing alkyl (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent layer is made of silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The semiconductor composition is immobilized in a thin film. The nanoparticles comprise an organic compound, an inorganic compound and an organometallic compound, and are chosen from single metal oxide, binary metal oxide, ternary metal oxide and quaternary metal oxide, more preferably oxides chosen from aluminum oxide, barium titanate, calcium titanate, hafnium oxide, hydroxyapatite, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The functional group is chosen from carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, siloxane, phenol, and derivative of acetylacetonate. Preferred Compound: The linking compound is of formula: (FG1)m(B')(FG2)n.B'=backbone of the linking compound;FG1,FG2=functional groups bonded to the backbone of linking compound;andm,n=1-3.The linking compound comprises a biodegradable polymer, a non-biodegradable polymer, a material degrading under ultraviolet radiation, and a material resistant to degradation by ultraviolet radiation. The linking compound is preferably terephthalic acid, trimesic acid or phenylflourone. The bond between each of the nanoparticles and each of the functional groups of the linking compound is a reversible covalent bond, irreversible covalent bond or ionic bond. The reversible covalent bond is formed between the nanoparticles and disulfide, Schiff-base, thioester or boronate ester. The nanonodular network formed by semiconductor composition has average particle diameter of 1-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Structure: The solar cell comprises a self-sealing layer stack. The solid gel has thickness of 50-80 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrodes are transparent, contain a thin conductive film on a substrate. The thin conductive film comprises fluorine doped tin oxide or indium tin oxide, and the substrate comprises glass. The other electrode further comprises a thin electrocatalyst layer on the thin conductive film. The thin electrocatalyst layer comprises platinum and/or carbon, comprising nanoparticles, nanotubes and/or conjugated conductive polymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye comprises a photosensitizer containing ruthenium organometallic complex dye, merocyanine dye or hemicyanine dye. A solution of titanium isopropoxide, organic acid and surfactant are mixed to trigger solvolysis and polymerization of the titanium isopropoxide. A deposition of the solution is formed on the electrode and the deposit is calcined. The photosensitizer is adsorbed after calcining the deposition. The solid gel comprises a redox couple comprising iodine, potassium iodide (KI), and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazole iodide, or 1-methylbenzimidazole, 2-amino-1-methylbenzimidazole, guanidine thiocyanate, or 4-t-butyl pyridine. The solid gel contains nanocomposite of organic-inorganic material and redox couple, or a stable adhesion layer durably adhering the electrodes. The solid gel is formed by compressing the electrolyte layer between the electrodes, and then gelatinizing the electrolyte layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support columns are composed of plastic, fiberglass, fiber reinforced plastic and carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The flux includes one of lead, boric, soda, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, strontium, and feldspar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is one of an ethylene-propylene diene rubber, polyester, an acrylonitrile acid ester, a vinyl chloride, a polyolefin and a polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In producing electrically conductive bonds between solar cells, the transfer in step (a) is preceded by application of the adhesive to the carrier, where the adhesive is applied to the carrier by a coating process, and where the coating process is a printing, casting, rolling or spraying process. The laser generates a laser beam having a wavelength in the range of 150-10600 nm, where the laser is a solid-state laser, a fiber laser, a diode laser, a gas laser or an excimer laser. The adhesive is applied to the top and bottom sides of the substrate to form the adhesive layer. The carrier is a rigid or flexible plastic or glass which is transparent to the laser radiation used. Preferred Adhesive: In the adhesive, the electrically conductive particles comprise at least one metal and/or carbon, where the metal is selected from silver, gold, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, platinum, palladium, nickel and titanium. The electrically conductive particles have different particle geometries. The absorbent is selected from carbon, lanthanum hexaboride and/or nanoparticles of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, tungsten, nickel, tin, iron, indium tin oxide, tungsten oxide, titanium carbide or titanium nitride. The nanoparticles are spherical particles or are in the form of prisms. The carbon is in the form of carbon black, graphite, graphene or carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of (meth)acrylate compound and hydrotalcite with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.1-1 part mass and 0.1-1.5 parts mass, respectively. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide. Preferred Definitions:    R2=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element further contains electron acceptor and/or oxidation-reduction pair and electrolytic salt and ether group-containing compound having molecular weight of 50-400.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye molecule is sulfur-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrode contains ion-exchange resin. The polymer electrode has rich region of metal layer comprising metal microstructure towards outer side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The fluorescent material has peak at wavelength of 400 nm or less in absorption spectrum and peak at wavelength of 500 nm or more in emission spectrum. The light transmittance is 90% or more at wavelength of 600-800 nm. The average particle diameter of fluorescent material is 20 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent resin contains styrene ethylene-butylene styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic semiconductor is made of material chosen from cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, lead sulfide, lead selenide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, indium phosphide, indium copper sulfide, indium copper-gallium selenide, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, tin sulfide (SnSx), nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, iron sulfide (FeSy), indium sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and molybdenum selenide.x,y=1-2.The electron transport layer is made of material chosen from titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide and niobium oxide. The solar cell has energy conversion efficiency of 5% or more in light of 100 mW/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The surface of inorganic electron transport layer is made porous by contacting with nanoparticles on the surface. A built-in potential is formed around interface of metal oxide particles and inorganic semiconductor. The average particle diameter of inorganic semiconductor is 0.5-10 nm. The solar cell has a metal oxide thin film on lower portion of electron transporting layer. The electron transporting layer has specific surface area of 10-100 m2/g and thickness of 0.1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The organic hole transport layer is made of material chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate). The hole transport material absorbs sunlight with wavelength band of 0.5-3.5 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic semiconductor is made of material chosen from cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, lead sulfide, lead selenide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, indium phosphide, indium copper sulfide, indium copper-gallium selenide, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, tin sulfide (SnSx), nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, iron sulfide (FeSy), indium sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and molybdenum selenide.x,y=1-2.The electron transporting layer is made of material chosen from titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide and niobium oxide. The average particle diameter of inorganic semiconductor is 0.5-10 nm. The electron transporting layer has specific surface area of 10-100 m2/g and thickness of 0.1-5 mu m. The slurry of metal oxide particles in air at 550 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The surface of inorganic electron transporting layer is made porous by contacting with nanoparticles on the surface. A metal oxide thin film is formed on upper portion of primary electrode, hole transporting layer is formed, and secondary electrode is formed. lower portion of electron transporting layer. The solar cell is manufactured by chemical bath deposition method or successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. A film is formed on the surface of electron transporting layer. The slurry containing metal oxide particles is coated by screen printing, spin coating, bar coating, gravure coating, blade coating and/or roll coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The hole transporting layer is made of material chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate). The hole transport material absorbs sunlight with wavelength band of 0.5-3.5 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-generating material is amine borane-based material. It is ammonia borane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-generating container is formed of engineering plastics, stainless steel alloy, or Duralumin (RTM: age-hardenable aluminum alloy).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The initial stage delamination strength of white polyester film is 4 N/15 mm or more, measured at 85 degrees C for 1000 hours under relative humidity of 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The synthetic fiber fabric is chosen from a group comprising polyester fiber, nylon, polypropylene and/or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion layer contains silicon semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin film contains polymer chosen from polyimide, aramid or polyether ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of silylating agent in modified clay is 1-30 weight% with respect to total weight of clay and silylating agent. The ratio of additive in clay film is 5-20 weight%. Preferred Properties: The modified clay film has water vapor permeability of 0.000001-0.2 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity, and permeability coefficient of less than 4x 10-15 cm2 second-1cmHg-1 measured at bend radius of 3 mm. The modified clay film has thickness of 3-100 mu m and 5 weight% reduction temperature of 300-760 degrees C measured by thermogravimetric analysis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The adhesive film contains modified polyolefin-type resin, acrylic resin, urethane-type resin, polyester-type resin, silicone resin, polyisobutylene-type resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The modified polyolefin-type resin is epoxy modified polyolefin-type resin, which is obtained by polymerizing epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer and aromatic vinyl monomer in the presence of radical polymerization initiator. The backsheet further has weather-resistant film containing resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene fluoride, polyethylene difluoride, polymethylmethacrylate and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororubber and acrylic rubber are mixed at the interface vicinity of the primary rubber layer and secondary rubber layer. The primary rubber layer and secondary rubber layer are crosslinked using an amine crosslinking agent. The acrylic rubber is in the uncured state. The uncured acrylic rubber is cured during contacting with other surface of the sealing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder consists of polysaccharide (salt).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inert gas is argon gas, or argon/oxygen gas. Gas barrier contains silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium and/or magnesium compounds, its oxides or nitrides, preferably silicon oxide (SiOx).x=1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 2nd silane compound contains gamma -glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane or gamma -glycidoxy propyl triethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of 2nd polymeric resin layer is 0.03-3 mu m. Hardening reaction of 2nd polymeric resin layer is accelerated by epoxy ring-opening polymerization and condensation reaction. The sum total thickness of the plastic films is less than or equal to 50 mu m and thickness of each is greater than or equal to 3 mu m. Preferred Process: A 2nd thermosetting property polymeric resin layer is laminated on the gas barrier layer. The 2nd polymeric resin is obtained by mixing greater than or equal to 50 weight parts water with 100 weight parts 2nd silane compound to produce a liquid mixture, adding hydrochloric acid or acetic acid to adjust the pH to 3-5 and obtain main ingredient, diluting to obtain dilution liquid, and adding 1-10 weight parts curing catalyst with respect to 100 weight parts 2nd silane compound in the dilution liquid. A 3rd polymeric resin layer is laminated on the outermost surface of the obtained gas barrier film. Surface film laminate process is done by laminating a plastic film on the outer side surface. The gas barrier layer is laminated by vacuum evaporation method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The component is made of semiconductor materials e.g. silicon, germanium, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium nitride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, mercury cadmium telluride, beryllium selenium, beryllium telluride, mercury sulfide, gallium sulfide, gallium selenide, gallium telluride, indium sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, copper indium selenide, copper indium gallium selenide, copper indium sulfide, copper indium gallium sulfide, silicon carbide and/or silicon germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is a crosslinked elastomer, preferably fluororubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The resin sealing sheet has resin layer(s) containing thermoplastic resin having density of 0.88-0.91 g/cm3, and melting point of 110 degrees C or more. The resin sealing sheet has multilayered structure. Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate copolymer, glycidyl methacrylate-containing ethylenic copolymer, and/or polyolefin resin, preferably linear low density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The layer (a) is obtained by hardening composition containing silane compound chosen from organosilane of formula: R1nSi(OR2)4-n and its condensate and metal oxide particles. The layer (b) is obtained by hardening composition containing silane compound chosen from organosilane of formula: R3mSi(OR4)4-m and its condensate and hollow or porous particles.R1=1-12C non-hydrolytic organic group, at least one of R1 is phenyl or 5-80 mol% of R1 is phenyl;R3=1-12C non-hydrolytic organic group;R2,R4=1-5C alkyl or 1-6C acyl;andn,m=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The sealing layer (A) has thickness of 30-800 mu m. The thickness of power generating element base is less than that of sealing layer (A). The surface of weather-resistant layer has filtered maximum peak height (WSM) of 18 mu m or more and average peak interval (WC-Sm) of 2.5 mm or less, based on JIS B0610.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module further has another sealing layer (B) provided between power generating element base and fluorinated hydrocarbon resin layer. The fluorinated-hydrocarbon resin layer contains resin chosen from perfluoroalkoxy copolymer resin (PFA), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene resin and fluoroethylene-vinyl ether (FEVE) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorption functional filler contains water-content adsorption agent, carbon monoxide oxidation agent and/or carbon dioxide adsorption agent. The water-content adsorption agent is chosen from zeolite, molecular sieve, magnesium sulfate, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, aluminum oxide, silica gel, lime and baking hydrotalcite, preferably zeolite, magnesium sulfate, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The carbon monoxide oxidation agent is chosen from hopcalite and support noble metal catalyst. The zeolite has pore diameter of 0.4 nm or more and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite multilayer film further has a polyester-type resin layer (D). The polyethylene resin composition contains ethylene polymer (a-1) and acid-modified resin (a-2). The content of the ethylene polymer (a-1) in the resin composition is 99-60 %mass. The content of the acid-modified resin (a-2) in the resin composition is 1-40 %mass. Preferred Property: The ethylene polymer has peak top melting point (Tm) of 110 degrees C or more at the side of highest temperature in differential scanning calorimetry melting curve, heat of fusion of 90-180 J/g, crystallinity degree of 10-60% at 110 degrees C and melt flow rate of 0.1-10 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material consists of transparent resin e.g. ethylene vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate resin and rubber- type resin. The fixing material consists of transparent resin or ultraviolet-ray cured resin.
Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=groups chosen from group of formulae (xiii)-(xvi);and    Ar2=groups chosen from group of formula (xvii)-(xix).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The film forming agent is soluble polyimide resin, modified organic silicone resin or silica sol, alumina sol, zirconia sol and/or titanate sol. The solar absorption functional powder comprises at least four components or their hydrates of chromium nitrate, ferric nitrate, ferric nitrate, manganese nitrate, copper nitrate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese chloride or ferric chloride. The average grain size of the solar absorption powder is 50 nm. Preferred Method: The preparation of powder comprises taking mixture of sodium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate and/or aqueous ammonia (25%) as precipitant, controlling the pH value of the system within 5-12 during precipitation, aging for 12 hours, filtering, washing thrice, drying in precipitate at 40-100 degrees C, sintering the precipitate at 300-900 degrees C for 1-5 hours, and grinding the solid substance after sintering into powder by a mortar, and ball-milling for 2-12 hours on a ball mill to prepare the required functional powder. The aiding material comprises wetting dispersing agent, defoaming agent and flatting agent. The mass ratio of the functional powder to the film forming agent is 1:1-1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The effective component of the solar wafer recovering cutting liquid has micromolecule polyether molecular weight of 200-500. The weight ratio of the solar wafer cutting liquid waste and the tap water is 1:0.5. The weight ratio of the solar wafer cutting liquid waste, the polyacrylamide, and the lime water is 1000:5:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The nut runner bit is designed according to DIN 3126-E6.3 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The tool has an annular groove that is provided in an outer hexagonal clutch according to DIN 3126-E6.3 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains 5-60 %mass of oxo-acid ester derivative of phosphorus and 0.05-10 %mass of disulfonic acid ester, further contains 0.5-20 %mass of cyclic carbonate containing halogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte solution is gelatinized by polymer component or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melt viscosity of thermoplastic resin is less than the melt viscosity of sealing resin. Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin and sealing resin comprise polyurethane resin. The polyurethane resin is blend polymer containing ester polyol polyurethane and ether polyol polyurethane in mass ratio of 10:90-30:70. The electroconductive adhesive film comprises high-temperature expansion-type microcapsules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The highly branched polymer has carboxyl group-containing structural unit of formula (I). All or one portion of the terminal group is primary crosslinkable group. The crosslinked ethylene oxide multi-component copolymer is a binary copolymer which is arranged irregularly, and has ether-type structural unit of formulae: -(CH2-CH2-O)- (II) and -(CH2-CH(-CH2-O-R1)-O)- (III). The non-reactive polyalkylene glycol is an oligomer of formula: H3C-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-CH3 (IV). The composition further contains non-crosslinkable ethylene oxide homopolymer which does not contain primary crosslinkable group and reacting group, and non-crosslinkable ethylene oxide multi-component copolymer which does not contain primary crosslinkable group and reacting group. The non-crosslinkable ethylene oxide homopolymer has ether-type structural unit of formula: -(CH2-CH2-O)- (V). The multi-component copolymer contains monomer(s) containing alkylene oxides other than ethylene oxide, and ethylene oxide. The non-crosslinkable ethylene oxide multi-component copolymer is a binary copolymer arranged irregularly, and has ether-type structural unit (V) and methyl group-containing structural unit of formula (VI).R1=allyl;R'1=methyl;andn=not defined.N.B. n is not defined. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of non-crosslinkable ethylene oxide and multi-component copolymer is each 50000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first material comprises crystalline material, where the crystalline material comprises nanocrystalline material. The first material comprises a metal oxide. The first material is chosen from strontium titanate, titania, alumina, zirconia, yttria-stabilized zirconia, alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia, iron-doped zirconia, magnesia, ceria, samarium-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped ceria, and their combinations. The first material comprises mica. The metal oxide is chosen from strontium titanate, titania, alumina, zirconia, yttria-stabilized zirconia, alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia, iron-doped zirconia, magnesia, ceria, samarium-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped ceria, and their combinations. The first material comprises strontium titanate, and the metal oxide comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia, where the yttria-stabilized zirconia comprises 10-20 mol% yttria. The first material comprises magnesia, and the metal oxide comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia. The first material comprises titania, and the metal oxide comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia. The first material comprises strontium titanate, and the metal oxide comprises iron-doped zirconia. The first material comprises samarium-doped ceria, and the metal oxide comprises ceria. The method further comprises applying an epoxy to the metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred layer: The composite multilayer film further has a polyester-type resin layer (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is hydrocarbon, alcohol, ether, ketone and/or ester organic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The vapor deposition layer is made of metal oxide or nonmetallic inorganic oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of compound (V) is 0.05-0.2 M. The content of halogen molecule is 0.03-1.0 M. The compound (V) is metal iodide salt; and the halogen molecule is molecular iodine. The compound (V) is bromide salt; and the halogen molecule is molecular iodine. The metal oxide thin film comprises titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), alumina (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), or TixAlyOz.x, y=1-3;andz=1-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The counter electrode comprises a transparent conductive substrate plated with platinum. The working electrode comprises a transparent conductive substrate and a metal oxide thin film formed on a surface of the transparent conductive substrate. The metal oxide thin film comprises dye, which comprises a metal complex comprising metal selected from ruthenium, osmium, iron, platinum, or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of compound (I) is 0.3-1.2 M. The content of compound (II), (III), or (IV) is 0.3-1.0 M. The gel electrolyte further comprises guanidinium thiocyanate. The dye comprises non-metal organic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive substrate comprises glass, plastic, or metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of C.flavigena, A.niger and T.koningii is 1-3:1-2:4. The amount of plant waste and sulfuric acid is 20-30 wt.%. The organic diffusing medium comprises (in parts weight): liquid paraffin (50-75), Span-80 (RTM: Sorbitan fatty acid ester) (0.5-4), formaldehyde (5-10) and normal hexane (11-45). The volume of the organic diffusing medium is 1.2-1.5 times of the volume of the magnetic carrier solution. The weight proportion of the exponential phase cell-strain suspension and superparamagnetic microballoon is 4-6:1. Preferred Method: The chitosan solution is prepared by dissolving chitosan (1-4 wt.%) in acetic acid (2-5%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: At least one of the primary white inorganic particles or the secondary white inorganic particles is titanium dioxide. The amount of the secondary white inorganic particles in the reflection layer is 4-12 g/m2. The volume average particle diameter of primary white inorganic particles and/or secondary white inorganic particles is 0.03-0.8 mu m. The backsheet further has an undercoating layer between the polymer base material and the reflection layer, and an adhesive layer. The undercoating layer has thickness of 0.05-2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The polymer base material is polyester. The binder is chosen from polyester, polyurethane, acrylic resin and polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The solar cell module further has top sealing layer (12), weather-resistance layer (11) and power generating element base material (14). The thickness of the top sealing layer (12) is 30-800 mu m. The thickness of the power generating element base material is thinner than the thickness of the top sealing layer. The power generating element base material is metal foil-laminated component or resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second electrolyte layers are lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON). The positive electrode comprises oxides of copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The third electrolyte layer comprises polyvinylidene difluoride, propylene carbonate and lithium salt; or poly(bis((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-phosphazene) (MEEP); or polyphosphazene and lithium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: One or more of the anode structure, the cathode structure and the separator structure contains a porous additive which increases access of the electrolyte into the structure, where the porous additive is one or more of a silica, a silica gel or carbon powder. The electrically conductive fibers of the anode and cathode structures are carbon or metal fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte. At least one of the anode structure, the cathode structure and the separator structure is formed from a composite material which includes an electrically insulating polymer, ceramic or glass based binder matrix, where the electrically insulating binder matrix material is an epoxy resin or an elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte salt is at least one member selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of the orthoester compound in the non-fluid electrolyte is greater than or equal to 0.01 wt.% and not greater than 1 wt.%. The content of the cyclic carbonate compound in the non-fluid electrolyte is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt.% and not greater than 40 wt.%. The non-fluid electrolyte is an electrolyte in a semi-solid state, in which an electrolytic solution containing the electrolyte salt, the nonaqueous solvent, the orthoester compound (i) and the cyclic carbonate compounds (ii) to (v) is held on a polymer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Compounds are specified as the compounds (i)-(v), e.g. 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (IA); orthoformate; vinylene carbonate; vinyl ethylene carbonate; and methylene ethylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred component: The scattering layer is a transparent conductive oxide such as zinc oxide:aluminum, tin dioxide:fluorine or indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred component: The polymer coating layer comprises a crystallizable polymer consisting of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic layer comprises silicon oxide and/or aluminum oxide as the main component. Preferred Method: The method comprises forming the inorganic layer by vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material in the organic layer is polyester that is aromatic. The polyester substrate film comprises aromatic polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate. The polymer material in the organic layer is aromatic polyester and the polyester substrate film comprises the aromatic polyester. The organic layer has a thickness of 0.1-3 mu m. The inorganic layer has a thickness of 30-200 nm. The substrate film has a thickness of 50-200 mu m. The polymer material in the organic layer has a glass transition temperature of 60-120 degrees C. The protection sheet further comprises a second barrier laminate comprising a polymer substrate film, an organic layer directly on the surface of the polymer substrate film and an inorganic layer directly on the surface of the organic layer, where the inorganic layer of the barrier laminate and the inorganic layer of the second barrier laminate face to each other. The polymer substrate is a polyester substrate film. The protection sheet is free from organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid content of phosphorus compound and chromic compound is 1-75 weight% and 20-94 weight%, respectively. The dry weight of chemical conversion treatment layer is 5-1000 mg/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is compound having oxazoline group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total solid content of anionic polymer and crosslinking agent is 5-79 weight%. The weight ratio of anionic polymer and crosslinking agent is 100:1-1:1. The anionic polymer is polycarboxylic acid polymer. Preferred Process: The metal terminal is accommodated in a packaging material, which is obtained by laminating metal and polyolefin resin and clamping by pressurization heat welding, such that the polyolefin resin is opposed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The securing composition is made of plastic material selected from group consisting of epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane resin, vegetable based resin, and methacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The edge portion of the spacer is formed of absorbing material selected from the group of polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyisobutylene, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, hydrin rubber, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, acrylic rubber and ethylene propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coolant is designed as silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from ethylene monomer, copolymer consists of vinyl acetate, aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid, aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic ester, polyolefin-type resin, ethylene copolymer consisting of containing methacrylate. The surface layer of resin sheet is made of olefin resin, an acidic functional group elements with hydroxyl group terminal modification or polyolefin type-resin graft modification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer layer contains doped polythiophene derivative i.e. doped polyethylene dioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-oxide particles are chosen from aluminum-oxide particles or silicon-oxide particles, and have average particle diameter of 20 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin is vinylidene fluoride binary copolymer resin containing vinylidene fluoride unit and tetrafluoroethylene unit, or vinylidene fluoride ternary copolymer resin including 1-5 mol% of hexafluoropropylene unit. The electrolyte solution holding film contains other resin and/or rubber other than vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin, and metal-oxide particles. The other resin is polyacrylonitrile, polyamidoimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin, or their mixed resin. The other rubber is chosen from vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer rubber, vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer rubber, acrylic rubber, or mixed rubber. The content of other resin and/or rubber with respect to 100 parts mass of vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin is 400 parts mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fullerene compound is of formulae (II and III).L2=L1;L3= L1 or optionally substituted N;X5-X10=C, N, O or S (all optionally substituted), where X5 and X8 are chalcogen atoms;n=1-4;X11=chalcogen atom or S;andR1,R2=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, ether, thioether, ketone, ester, amide (all optionally substituted) or H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic layer is a bulk heterojunction layer containing conjugated polymer material and fullerene compound of formula (I), (II) or (III). Preferred Process: The organic layer is formed by a solution process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The photoelectric converting layer is heat-processed and produced by a solution coating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Pigment: The pigment is preferably of formula (II) or (III). Preferred Material: The p-type semiconductor material is conjugated polymer semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion layer is produced by solution application method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of component (a) is 8 or less, measured by gel permeation chromatography. The component (A) has melt viscosity ( eta 1) of 9x 104 poise at 100 degrees C and shear rate of 2.43x 10 second-1, and melt viscosity ( eta 2) of 1.8x 104 poise at 100 degrees C and shear rate of 2.43x 102 second-1. The ratio of melt viscosity ( eta 1) and ( eta 2) of component (a) is 4.5 or less. The branch number (N) of comonomer contained in component (a) satisfies the relation: N less than or equal to -0.67x E+53, where N is branch number of comonomer per carbon atom with respect to 1000 pieces of principal chain and side chain, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and E is tensile elasticity modulus, measured based on ISO1184-1983. The branch number (N) of comonomer contained in component (a) satisfies the relation: -0.67x E+80 less than or equal to N less than or equal to -0.67x E+53, where N is branch number of comonomer per carbon atom with respect to 1000 pieces of principal chain and side chain, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and E is tensile elasticity modulus, measured based on ISO1184-1983. The ratio of melt flow rate of component (A) at 190 degrees C and load of 10 kg with respect to melt flow rate at 190 degrees C and load of 2.16 kg is less than 7, preferably 5-6.2. The component (C) has molecular weight of 1200 or more. Preferred Composition: The amount of component (B) is 0.2-5 parts weight. The amount of component (C) is 0.05-0.3 part weight with respect to 100 parts weight of resin components. The amount of component (D) is 0.01-3 parts weight. The resin composition further contains silane coupling agent. The component (A) is ethylene-1-butene copolymer or ethylene-1-hexene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic peroxide comprises t-butyl peroxide 2-ethyl hexyl carbonic ester, dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide-isopropyl carbonic ester. The antioxidant is tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite ester, tri(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) phosphite ester, 2,2'-methylene-4-methyl-6-t-butyl phenol. The tackifier is silane coupling agent and comprises gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilanes, 3-glycidyl ether methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl tri-methoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyl-( beta -methoxy-ethoxy)silane and/or vinyl-( beta -methoxy-ethoxy)silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl acetate content of vinyl acetate copolymer is 5-28%, with fusing index of 5-40 g/10 minutes. The compatibilizer is glycidyl methacrylate. The light stabilizer to be blocked amine light stabilizer is N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexamethylene-diamines and/or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylammonium piperidines of alcohol. The crystal type of titanium dioxide titanium is anatase or rutile, with grain diameter of 30-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene-methylacrylic ionic bond polymer is magnesium ion ethylene-methylacrylic ionic bond polymer, lithium ion ethylene-methylacrylic ionic bond polymer, sodium ethylene-methylacrylic ionic bond polymer and/or zinc ion ethylene-methylacrylic ionic bond polymer. The hindered phenol main antioxidant is 3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-octadecyl-phenylpropionate, tetra-(4-hydroxy-3,5-butyl-phenylpropionic acid)pentaerythritol ester and/or 3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propanoic-isooctyl alcohol ester. The phosphite ester auxiliary antioxidant is tri(2,4-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphite ester, pentaerythritol teriphosphite ester tert(octadecanol) ester, trinonyl phenyl ester, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl, diphenyl isodecyl, phenyl diisodecyl, poly(dipropylene glycol)phenylester and/or dioctyl phenyl. The ultraviolet ray absorbefacient is resorcinol monobenzoate, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid-2-4-ditertrabutyl phenyl, dihydroxy-4-phenoxy benzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and/or 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenon. The light stabilizer is di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidy)sebacic ester, 2-(2' hydroxy-5'-methyl phenyl)-benzotriazole, ethyl di(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl ketopiperazines) and/or tri(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-phosphite ester. The tackifier is silane coupling agent comprising gamma -aminopropyltriethoxy-silane, gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl tri-( beta -methoethyl)silane and vinyl tri-( beta -methoethyl)silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is at least one of XH-1, fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate-9 mole (AEO-9), FC4430 (RTM: Non-ionic polymeric fluorochemical surfactant), Tween-60 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monostearate) and Triton X-100 (RTM: 4-octylphenol polyethoxylate). The diffusion layer base body is carbon paper, carbon cloth (type is TORY, SGL or GORE), stainless steel screen, nickel screen or copper screen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon black powder is acetylene black or activated carbon. The PTFE emulsion is a PTFE emulsion having a content of 10-50 wt.%. The viscosity adjustor is at least one of polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The film electrode comprises anode dispersing layer, outer anode catalyst layer, inner anode catalyst layer, Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) film, cathode catalyst layer, and cathode dispersing layer that are orderly arranged from inside to outside. The film electrode is covered on surface of anode tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode tube is multi-hole titanium tube. The cathode and anode output ends employ stainless steel, copper, or titanium material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material adding sealing cover is made of tetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Method: The outer anode catalyst layer is formed by uniformly dispersing anode catalyst with 5% Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) to form slurry; and spraying slurry to anode dispersing layer formed by carbon fiber paper or fiber cloth in multi-hole structure. The inner anode catalyst layer is formed by spraying anode catalyst slurry with different load amount from outer anode catalyst layer on surface of PTFE film. The cathode catalyst layer is prepared by spraying cathode catalyst slurry on surface of PTFE film. The film electrode is prepared by arranging inner anode catalyst layer and cathode catalyst layer at two sides of Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) film and thermally pressing; releasing PTFE film, so that outer anode catalyst layer covers inner anode catalyst layer; and thermally pressing to obtain film electrode with compound anode catalyst structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner layer of evaporator is made of copper, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The single layer wall structure of evaporator is made of PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and polyvinylidene fluoride, (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: A glass plate is used as the carrier, on which the melt is applied, where a layer of solar cells is applied on the melt, after the application the melt as the photovoltaic layer. A layer of melt is applied on the solar cell, which is deposited on a glass plate or a cover film. The glass plate coated with the photovoltaic layer is used as the carrier plate and the glass plate or cover film is applied on the melt. The melt is uniformly applied. The melt is applied using a curtain coating. The glass plate or glass plate coated with the photovoltaic layer is preheated before applying the melt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: A heatable extruder is used for the producing the melt, into which a granule of material used in the production of the plastic layer is introduced. At least one conveyor is provided next to at least one layer of the solar panel, on which the melt is applied, and curtain coating of the melt is carried out by an outlet of the applicator. The system contains the heatable extruder. The extruder has a nozzle to generate a uniform curtain of melt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polyethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral or thermoplastic polyurethane is used as the material for producing the plastic layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The collector of the anode comprises anode active material including sulfur, organic sulfide, and/or carbon-sulfur polymer, preferably sulfur. The cathode comprises cathode active material including metal lithium or alloy containing lithium, preferably metal lithium. The collector of anode comprises (in wt.%) anode active material (50-80), conductive agent (15-30), and binder (5-20).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The grafting rate of lithium sulfate group, lithium carboxylate group, and imide lithium group is 10-40%. The volume content of 1,3-dioxolane in the electrolytic liquid is more than 50%. The graft monomer comprises styrenesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, and/or acrylamide. The volume ratio of graft monomer and tetrahydrofuran is (4-6):1. The organic solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, and/or butanone. The weight concentration of solute in the organic solvent is 10-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal component includes molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, chromium or cobalt micro-powder having grain size of 40-100 microns. The oxide ceramic medium is alumina micro-powder having grain size of 40-100 microns and/or aluminum nitride having grain size of 40-100 microns. Preferred Property: The metal-ceramic layer (A) and (B) have thickness of 5 microns or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protonic ionophore is chosen from tridodecylamine, 4-nonadecylpyridine, N,N-dioctadecylmethylamine, octadecyl isonicotinate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, monensin, nigericin, perfluorooctanesulfonamide, and 2,5-dichloro-3(tert-butyl)-4-nitrosalicylanilide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite composition further contains reinforcing material. The reinforcing material is chosen from carbon fiber, graphite, glass fiber, and Kevlar (RTM: aramid fiber).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is chosen from thermoplastic resin, fluorinated resin, thermosetting resin and liquid crystalline structure resin, preferably polyphenylene sulfide resin, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyether ether ketone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyester amide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin and vinyl ester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The grain diameter of silicon powder and fluorescent powder is 10-50 nm and 200-500 nm, respectively. The lighting transform layer has thickness of 50-200 microns. Preferred Composition: The rare-earth oxyhalide is lanthanum oxyfluoride or yttrium oxychloride. The total content of silicon powder and fluorescent powder in lightning transform layer is less than 10 wt.%, preferably 0.2-2 wt.%. The weight ratio of silicon powder with respect to fluorescent powder is 1:8-5:1, preferably 1:5-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode further contains current collector and cathode materials. The cathode additive is added into the cathode material, and additive with cathode material is coated on current collector. The content of cathode additive is 0.01-5 %mass with respect to total mass of cathode material. The cathode material comprises (in weight%) cathode active material (85-98), conductive agent (1-10) and binder (1-5). The cathode active materials are graphitized carbon materials and amorphous carbon materials. The amorphous carbon materials are metallic oxides, metallic nitride and lithium alloy. The carbon compound is silicon substrate materials and tin substrate materials. The conductive agent is acetylene black, carbon black, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, carbon fiber and/or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymer of styrene and butadiene, copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene and/or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive pole of the electrolyte in the battery is made of lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium manganese dioxide, acetylene black, polyacrylic acid, and nafion solution. The electrolyte is made of mixture of ethyene catrbonate, methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer is made of one among polysulfur nitride, polypyrrole, polyphenylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaniline and polyphenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of antimony-tin oxide is 3-15 wt.%. The metal oxide sol is indium-tin oxide sol, antimony-tin oxide sol, titanium dioxide sol, silver oxide sol and/or zinc oxide sol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Distilled water, alcohol and metal oxide sol are further added during manufacture of super-hydrophilic inorganic coating composition. Preferred Composition: The amount of solution containing colloidal silica is 85-97 wt.%. The amount of solution containing tetraethoxysilane and acid catalyst is 3-15 wt.%. The amount of tetraethoxysilane is 50-70 wt.%. The amount of acid catalyst is 0.5-2 wt.%. The amount of distilled water is 15-30 wt.%. The amount of alcohol is 10-22 wt.%. The acid catalyst is para-toluene sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid, preferably para-toluene sulfonic acid. The alcohol is ethanol or methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer contained in polymer substrate of the coated film is polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin and polyethylene terephthalate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrodes: The electrodes are made of platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, gold, silver, chrome, iron, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silicon, zinc, tin or their alloy or oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The reinforcement film is made of polymer material chosen from polysulfone, polyimide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, nylon, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, fluorine resin, phenol resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin and polyacrylonitrile, and inorganic material chosen from alumina, silica, titania, ferric oxide, ruthenium oxide, cerium oxide and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polyester group polymer is of formula (I).R1=carboxylic acid;R2=H or 1-8C alkyl;andm,n=more than 1 and less than 8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quantum dot comprises magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, magnesium telluride, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, strontium oxide, strontium sulfide, strontium selenide, strontium telluride, barium oxide, barium selenide, barium telluride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, mercuric oxide, mercuric sulfide, mercuric selenide, mercuric telluride, alumina, aluminum sulfide, aluminum selenide, aluminum telluride, gallium oxide, gallium sulfide, gallium selenide, gallium telluride, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, silica, germanium oxide, tin oxide, tin sulfide, tin selenide, tin telluride, lead oxide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium nitride, indium nitride, indium phosphide, silicon and/or germanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The macromolecular solution contains polyvinylpyrrolidone (10-20 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating layer is made of polyurethane, melamine, acrylate or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The display device has layer formed using (in parts weight) hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (15-35), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (100), octa decyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamate (10-20) and ethyl 2(d) thiazol-2-yl ureido acetate (7-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The soda is selected from group consisting of sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium selenite, sodium sulfide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metals of positive electrode is selected from group consisting of tungsten, copper, molybdenum, gold and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ink solution contains polyvinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, ammonium acetate, ethylene glycol, cadmium acetate and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelating agent used for manufacture of anode active material is citric acid, ascorbic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and/or urea. The primary carbon source material used for manufacture of anode active material is sucrose, glucose and/or cellulose. The secondary carbon active material is sucrose, glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, polypyrrole and/or carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode in the solar cell contains indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, gallium oxide-indium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide-indium oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, zinc-indium oxide, indium-tin oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide and/or aluminum-tin oxide. The chalcogenide compound contains sulfur, selenium or tellurium, and is chosen from cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, manganese sulfide, zinc oxy sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc-indium selenide, indium hydroxy sulfide or indium sulfide. The photoactive layer contains electron acceptor chosen from fullerene, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ether, fullerene derivative, perylene derivative, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxy sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc-indium selenide, indium hydroxy sulfide or indium sulfide. The solar cell contains metal electrode comprising silver, platinum, tungsten, copper, molybdenum, gold or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solar cell contains hole acceptor chosen from cyanine pigment, indigo, thio indigo pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, phenylene vinylene polymer derivative, polythiophene, poly(2-ethyl hexyl)benzothiadiazole or thiophene group polymer derivative. The buffer layer contains cyanine derivative, naphthalocyanine derivative, aromatic amine compound, lithium fluoride, polyethylene dioxythiophene or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is chosen from polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and/or NIP-K28 (RTM: ultraviolet curable resin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N-type zinc oxide film composition (B) comprises (in mol%) carbon (1.5-5.5), copper (0.5-1.5), nitrogen (0.1-2.5), selenium (0.1-2.55), diborane (0.1-2.5), aluminum (0.1-2.5), iron (0.1-2.5), titanium (1.5-5.5), tantalum (1.5-5.5), niobium (0.1-2.5), and gallium (1.5-5.5).
Preferred Definitions:    X,Y'=alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylene or alkylene;    Z=thiophene, vinyl, polyvinyl, benzene, naphtalene, anthracene, fluorene, biphenyl, pyrrole or carbazole;    A=phosphorus acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphinic acid group, hydroxy, oxycarboxylic acid group, or amide;    X-N(-Y')=group chosen from 83 groups e.g. group of formula (i)-(v);and    R=H, F, Cl, 1-8C alkyl or trimethylsilyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The catalyst has specific surface area of 100-250 m2/g. The pulverized catalyst has size of 1-100 mu m. Preferred Process: The extruded catalyst is cut to length of 0.1-0.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plasticizer is glycerin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is polyvinyl acetate or methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is manufactured using a mixture of hydrogen fluoride solution or phosphoric acid solution, and buffered oxide etchant (BOE).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal element is made of aluminum (Al) or nickel (Ni). The mixed layer is formed with aluminum silicon alloy (Al-Si alloy) or the nickel silicide (NiSi). The electrode layers contain silver (Ag) or silver alloy (Ag alloy).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic particles are chosen from particles of lead sulfide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium selenide-zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide-zinc selenide-zinc sulfide, silica, titania, ferric oxide, silver and/or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The functional group is silane group, siloxane group, silanol group or silicon chloride group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer is chosen from polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises tungsten, titanium, tin, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, molybdenum, ruthenium, osmium and/or iridium. The conductive carrier is carbon black, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, and/or graphite. The mass ratio of metal oxide and palladium is 95:5-50:50. The mass ratio of carrier and palladium is 5:95-60:40. The palladium compound is palladium chloride, palladium bromide, palladium iodide, palladium nitrate, palladium acetate, and/or palladium sulfate. The reducing agent is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, hydrazine, and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyamide resin has amine value of 1-30. The coating layer has thickness of 1-100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The polyamide resin is chosen from PRIADIT 2053 (RTM: nylon 6,36 homopolymer), TXM78-A (RTM: polyamide resin), TXM78-C (RTM: polyamide resin) and MACROMELT 6901 (RTM: polyamide resin). The back sheet further has resin layer containing fluorinated polymer on another side of base material layer. The base material layer has metal substrate and polyester-containing resin layer. The fluorinated polymer is chosen from polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode composition contains (in parts weight) silver powder (70-80), nano-silver (0.5-1), glass frit (2-4), binder (2-5) and organic solvent (15-25). The electrode composition further contains inorganic additive chosen from gallium oxide, indium oxide and silver acetate. Preferred Property: The silver powder has particle diameter of 0.8-2.8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is cellulose-type binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene) tape is used for taping the external side in current collector manufacturing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, a fluoride (LiBFS4)(sic), lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and/or lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, lactone, ether, ester, sulfoxide, acetonitrile, lactam, ketone, and/or their halogenated derivatives. The gel polymer electrolyte monomer is tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate having a molecular weight of 50-20000, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxy triacrylate, trimethylolpropane propoxy triacrylate, di(trimethylolpropane)tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol ethoxy tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,5-hexadiene diepoxide, vinyl cyclohexene dioxide, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, butyl glycidyl ether, diglycidyl 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, and/or glycidyl methacrylate. The content of crosslinker in the gel polymer composition is 0.1-30 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The protective film further contains inorganic layer formed on organic layer. The inorganic layer contains alumina, silicon nitride (SiNx) and silicon oxide (SiOx).x=not defined.N.B. x is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first layer is made of fluoropolymer such as PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymers (FEP), copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene difluoride (THV) or perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA). The first layer is provided with a reinforcement that comprises glass, polyaramid, polyester, carbon fiber or metal fiber fabric, mesh, or nonwoven material. The bondable layer is made of PFA, polymer of vinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV), PTFE or perfluoroalkoxy polymer. The adhesive is neoprene rubber, two-part epoxy, silicone caulk or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethanol. The biodegradable resin contains decomposition promotion agent (0.1-20 weight part) which releases according to hydrolysis and is chosen from polyoxalate or polyglycolic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate comprises one of silicon, germanium, or a compound semiconductor material including III-V gallium arsenide, germanium, silicon, or germanium. The substrate comprises glass, quartz, or fused silica. The first metal chalcogenide material comprises copper (II) oxide. The first bandgap is less than the second bandgap. The first conductor layer comprises aluminum or tungsten or transparent conducting oxide material selected from ZnO:Al, SnO:F, and In2O3:Sn (ITO). The second conductor layer comprises transparent conducting oxide material selected from ZnO:Al, SnO:F, and ITO.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first conductor layer comprises conductive polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel holder is made of plastic such as glass fiber variant, thermosetting synthetic resin e.g. fiber-reinforced polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode catalyst layers and/or intermediate layers has fibrous carbon. The content of noble metal nanoparticles is 0.1-0.5 mg/cm2 in a unit project area. The content of carbon powder is 15-45 %mass, with respect to the content of noble metal nanoparticles. The content of electrode electrolyte is 20-25 %mass, with respect to the content of noble metal nanoparticles. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of noble metal nanoparticles is 4-7 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The proton-conductive film is sulfonated polyarylene polymer. Preferred Property: The proton-conductive film has ion exchange capacity of 1.9-2.4 meq/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fluorescent material is semiconductor material nano fluorescent material, which includes cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide and zinc selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fluorescent material is made of terbium, europium, cerium, manganese, cobalt, vanadium, tin, copper and dysprosium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic semiconductor layer contains cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, silicon-gallium arsenide, alumina, indium trioxide, bismuth trioxide, titania, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, tin sulfide, tin selenide, copper-indium-sulfide, copper-indium-gallium-sulfide and/or copper-thiocyanide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Acetylene monomer of formula: R5R6CCR7R8 is copolymerized to obtain pyridine-type conductive polymer.R5-R8=R1. Preferred Definitions:    X=OH-, Cl-, Br-, I-, B(ph4)-, heteropolyacid, SO4-, CO3, H2PO4, HPO42-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protective layer contains inorganic-oxide particles. The metal in the metallic reflective layer is silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Each layer of the protective layer more than two layers contains ultraviolet absorber. The peelable protective layer contains acrylate-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating element is coated with poly-ethylene or poly-ethylene-terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etching composition is chosen from nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The inorganic filler is chosen from carbon black, graphite and tin oxide. The etched photovoltaic laminate is rinsed with water and further exposed to aqueous stripper composition containing alkaline salt and base chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and tetra-ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-boiling solvent is 1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexane-1-ol or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A fluorene-type compound of formula (II), dibromo compound of formula: Br-Ar 1-Br (III) and thiadiazole-type compound of formula (IV) are subjected to Suzuki coupling in presence of catalyst, solvent and alkaline solution to obtain conjugated fluorene polymer (I). Preferred Process: The preparation of conjugated fluorene polymer further involves removing solvent from the mixture by reducing pressure, extracting using chloroform/water, washing, drying, reducing pressure to remove chloroform, settling with methanol, performing suction filtration, separating the filtered residue, subjecting to alumina column chromatography separation using chloroform as eluent, distilling, settling with methanol, performing suction filtration, extracting obtained solid using acetone by Soxhlet method for 3 days, settling with methanol, performing suction filtration, and filtered by performing vacuum drying. Preferred Condition: The Suzuki polymerization is performed at 30-150 degrees C for 1-7 days. Preferred Definitions:    x,y=20-80%;    R 1,R 2=C 8H 17;    R 3,R 4=H;    Ar 1=group of formula (i);and    R 7,R 8=R 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkoxysilane is graft-copolymerized by ethylene-type resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-acryl acid ether copolymer. Preferred Method: The ethylene type-resin layer and modified ethylene-type resin layer are laminated by co-extrusion method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fullerene compound is preferably of formula (II) or (III), more preferably of formula (IV).A2=A1;R4-R7=R2;R4+R5+R6+R7=ring;n'=1-3;L1,L2=single bond, alkylene, amino, ether, thioether, silylene, ketone, phosphino or phosphoryl, preferably alkylene;X=coupling group capable of forming optionally substituted aromatic ring having nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, CR15=CR16-, -CR17=N-, -N=N- or chalcogen atom, preferably -CR15=CR16-;andR8-R17=H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, ether, thioether, ketone, ester or amide, and R9 is preferably alkyl.Preferred Layer: The organic layer is formed by solution process, and is bulk heterojunction layer containing fullerene compound and conjugated polymer material. Preferred Definitions:    R2,R3=alkyl or cycloalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of component (a) is 8 or less, measured by gel permeation chromatography. The component (a) has melt viscosity ( eta 1) of 9x 104 poise at 100 degrees C and shear rate of 2.43x 10 second-1, and melt viscosity ( eta 2) of 1.8x 104 poise at 100 degrees C and shear rate of 2.43x 102 second-1. The ratio of melt viscosity ( eta 1) and ( eta 2) of component (a) is 4.5 or less. The branch number (N) of comonomer contained in component (a) satisfies the relation: N less than or equal to -0.67x E+53, where N is branch number of comonomer per carbon atom with respect to 1000 pieces of principal chain and side chain, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and E is tensile elasticity modulus, measured based on ISO1184-1983. The ratio of melt flow rate of component (a) at 190 degrees C and load of 10 kg with respect to melt flow rate at 190 degrees C and load of 2.16 kg is less than 7. Preferred Composition: The amount of component (b) is 0.2-5 parts weight. The amount of component (c) is 0.005-1 part weight with respect to 100 parts weight of components (a) and (b). The resin composition further contains (in parts weight) hindered amine-type optical stabilizer (d) (0.01-1), benzophenone-type ultraviolet absorber (e) (0.05-2) and silane coupling agent (f) (0.01-5). The component (d) is high molecular weight hindered amine-type optical stabilizer. The component (a) is ethylene-1-butene copolymer or ethylene-1-hexene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Stille coupling reaction of sulfur-containing compound of formula (A),(B) and (C) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst and a solvent. Bromination substitution reaction of the product of Stille coupling reaction, is carried out to obtain brominated product. Condensation reaction of brominated product and malononitrile is carried out in the presence of catalyst, condensing agent and solvent to obtain quinoid thiophene derivative (I).An=1-4C alkyl.Preferred Method: After Stille coupling reaction, bromination substitution reaction and condensation reaction, respectively, the reaction product is subjected to separation and purification by silicagel column chromatography. The solvent used in bromination substitution reaction is dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane or acetonitrile. The bromination substitution reaction is substitution reaction between product of Stille coupling reaction and N-bromosuccinimide, bromide, hydrogen bromide or phosphorus tribromide. The catalyst used in condensation reaction is organopalladium catalyst. The solvent used in condensation reaction is ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, toluene or propanone. The catalyst used in bromination substitution reaction is organopalladium catalyst. The solvent used in bromination substitution reaction is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene. The condensing agent is sodium hydride or sodium alkoxide. Preferred Definitions:    m,n=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass substrate is prepared by subjecting to ultrasonic washing for 15 minutes using ultra pure water, acetone, isopropanol or alcohol for 15 minutes; and drying box at 70-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnetization drying utilizes solution obtained by mixing poly(3-hexylthiophene) in organic solvent chlorobenzene solution (10-30 mg/ml), adding methyl fullerene at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain solution having a concentration of 20 mg/ml, and stirring for 24 hours. The anode buffering layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), and dried at 70-120 degrees C for 8-15 minutes. Preferred Method: The magnetization drying is done at 0.2-0.3 T for 2 hours. The evaporation is done at vacuum degree of 2x 10-4 to 4x 10-4 Pa for 1 hour. The method further comprises subjecting evaporated product to optical drying at 80 degrees C for 10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of polyvinyl fluoride film is 0.03-0.05, polyethylene terephthalate film is 0.15-0.35 mm, and ethylene vinyl acetate film is 0.02-0.04 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of monomer acrylonitrile to vinyl acetate is 1-9:9-1. The electrolyte comprises lithium salt and solvent. The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium perchlorate and/or tris(perfluoroalkyl)trifluorophosphate. The solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butyrolactone, valerolactone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and/or propyl propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The alternating copolymer (I) is preferably of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The high-boiling-point polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Step (A) comprises before preparing the perfluorinated sulfonic acid solution, vacuum drying the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin for 3-6 hours at 30-80 degrees C. In step (A), the heating and dissolving temperature is 100-250 degrees C. In step (B), the ultrasonic treatment of perfluorinated sulfonic acid solution is carried out for 0.5-5 hours. In step (C), the drying temperature of solution after PP diaphragm is dipped is 90-180 degrees C; and the drying time is 4-16 hours. In step (C), the thickness of PP diaphragm is 50-180 mu m. In step (D), the drying temperature of the solution after PP diaphragm is dipped is 90-180 degrees C; and the drying time is 4-20 hours. The perfluorinated sulfonic acid solution is at 5-20 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt in the lithium salt organic solution consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide (LiN(SO2CF3)2), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) or lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2). The layered double hydroxide is of formula M2+(1-x)M'3+x(OH)2A raised to (y-)(x/y).M=Zn, Ni, Fe, Co or preferably Mg;M'=Cr, Fe, V, Co, Ga, Ti or preferably Al;A raised to (y-)=SO42-, CO32- or preferably NO3-;x=0.2-0.4;y=charge number of the negative ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polysiloxane is of formula (I). Preferred Method: The organic solution is utilized at 500-1500 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of lithium salt. In step (B), the layered double hydroxide is added at 0.5-10 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the lithium salt organic solution, and stirring is performed at 500-3000 revolutions/min for 0.5-3 days. In step (C), the polysiloxane is added at 1-5 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the lithium salt organic solution, and dispersing step is performed at 25-35 degrees C for 6-24 hours. The thermal treatment in step (4) is performed at 60-100 degrees C for 2-8 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is molybdate and tungstate. The molybdate or tungstate is sodium salt, potassium salt or ammonium salt. The auxiliary oxidant is nitrate, permanganate, chlorate and/or hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: About 0.1-1 wt.% of polyvinyl alcohol is added to the antirust treating agent. The complexing agent comprises ammonium salt, acetate, oxalate, or organic carboxylic acid. The organic carboxylic acid comprises citric acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, butenedioic acid, malic acid or their salts. The corrosion inhibitor comprises organic azole corrosion inhibitor including 1H-benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, triphenylcyclo imidazole quat-ammonium salt or abietyl imidazoline. The pH regulator comprises triethanolamine and/or triethylamine. The wetting agent comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wetting agent comprises alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The solar cell has a p-type semiconductor layer containing chalcogenide-type compound chosen from copper indium sulfide, copper gallium sulfide, copper indium selenide, copper gallium selenide, copper aluminum selenide, copper indium telluride, copper gallium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, copper-tin-zinc sulfide and/or cadmium telluride. The solar cell has a primary buffer layer containing zinc sulfide, manganese sulfide, zinc oxysulfide, zinc selenide, zinc-indium selenide, and indium sulfide. The layer contains tin oxide, indium tin oxide, titanium oxide, gold, nickel, silver and/or doped zinc oxide, a secondary buffer layer, and a protective layer. The protective layer contains zinc oxide group nanoparticles, doped zinc oxide group nanoparticles, tin oxide nanoparticles, indium tin oxide nanoparticles, and/or titania oxide nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Cell: The organic solar cell has layer containing hole accepting compound, and layer containing electron recepting compound. The hole accepting compound is chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), phthalocyanine pigment, indigo group pigment, thio indigo group pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, polyparaphenylene vinylene, and polythiophene. The electron recepting compound is chosen from fullerene, (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ether, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ether, parylene, 3,4,9,10-perynylene tetracarboxylic bisbenzoimidazole, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride and zinc selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The secondary buffer layer contains phthalocyanine derivative, aromatic amine compound, polystyrene, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyethylene dioxythiophene, and their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon support is carbon nanopowder, carbon nanotube and/or carbon nanoform. The platinum metal precursor is potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), potassium hexachloroplatinate(II), chloroplatinous acid, chloroplatinic acid, and/or tetraammine platinum chloride. The iron metal precursor is ferrous chloride and/or ferric chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is formaldehyde, ethylene glycol and/or sodium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin is methyl methacrylate resin, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid derivatives, methyl methacrylate derivative and/or their copolymer. The acrylic acid derivatives comprise methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate ester, acrylic acid dodecane ester, glycidyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, acrylic acid or maleic anhydride. The methyl methacrylate derivative comprises methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate ester, glycidyl methyl propylene, octyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, hydroxypropylmethacrylamide, methacrylic acid or itaconic acid. The fiber comprises basalt fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber and/or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, preferably fiber glass. The nylon fiber comprises nylon 6 fiber and nylon 66 fiber. The polyester fiber comprises polyethylene terephthalate fiber polyethylene terephthalate or diallyl phthalate 1,3 propylene glycol ester fiber. The fiber is glass fiber. The fiber is in the form of continuous fiber cloth, continuous fiber unidirectional belt, and/or long fiber felt. The additive comprises antioxidants, compatibility agents, lubricants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, light stabilizer, and/or colored resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The full-water composite polyether comprises (pts.wt.) polyether glycol SA380 (5-7), polyether glycol 310 (3-5) and foam stabilizer (0.2-0.3), N,N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine (0.1-0.3), N,N-dimethyl benzylamine (0.1-0.2) and water (0.3-0.45). The foam stabilizer is silicon-containing foam stabilizer. The silicon-containing foam stabilizer is B8462 (RTM: silicon-containing foam stabilizer) and/or L6900 (RTM: silicon-containing foam stabilizer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solar battery back film comprises overlapped weather resistant layer, middle layer, basal layer. The thickness of the middle layer is 10-50 mu . The thickness of the weather resistant layer is 10-60 mu . The thickness of the basal layer is 100-300 mu . The weather resistant layer comprises (in wt.%) fluorocarbon resin (40-60), fluoro-organic polysiloxane (2-20), cross-linking agent (5-20) and inorganic filler (20-50). The fluorocarbon resin is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, trifluorochloroethylene-vinyl ether resin, trifluorochloroethylene-vinyl ester resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin or polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroisopropylidene resin. The fluoro-organic polysiloxane is of formulae CH3-SiO-(CH3)2-(SiO)15-(CH3)2-(SiO)30-(CH3)(C2H4C8F17)-(SiO)40-(CH3)(C3H6(C2H3(C6H5))20C4H9)-Si-(CH3)2-CH3, CH3-SiO-(CH3)2-(SiO)15-(CH3)2-(SiO)30-(CH3)(C2H4C8F17)-(SiO)40-(CH3)(C3H6(C(CH3)C6H5CH2)20C4H9)-Si-(CH3)3, CH3-SiO-(CH3)2-(SiO)20-(CH3)2-(SiO)40-(CH3)(C2H4C8F17)-(SiO)30-(CH3)(C2H4-Si-(CH3)2(C2H3(C6H5))35C4H9)-Si-(CH3)3, CH3-SiO-(CH3)2-(SiO)15-(CH3)2-(SiO)30-(CH3)(C2H4C8F17)-(SiO)40-(CH3)(C3H6(C2H3(C6H5))20C4H9)-Si-(CH3)3 or CH3-SiO-(CH3)2-(SiO)10-(CH3)2-(SiO)30-(CH3)(C2H4C8F17)-(SiO)20-(CH3)(C2H4Si-(CH3)2(C(CH3)C6H5CH2)25C4H9)-Si-(CH3)3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The glass sealing material has average thermal expansion coefficient of 80-95x 10-7/ degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is water-soluble organic high polymer, preferably is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic fluorescent powder is (Ca0.1Sr0.2Ba0.6Mg0.1)8Si4O16:Eu0.02Ce0.0001Eu0.0001.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polymer is a thermoset polymer with average molecular weight of 10000-25000 and refractive rate of 1.35-1.65. It comprises epoxy resin and/or organosilicone polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The annealing is carried out in glove box filled with high-purity nitrogen, and with water content and oxygen content of less than 1 ppm, at 120-160 degrees C for 5-15 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of aluminum phosphate with respect to 100 parts weight of reduced phosphoric acid chromate (trivalent) is 5-10 parts weight. The aluminum alloy material is A8000 group aluminum alloy having iron content of 1.2-1.7 wt.%. The aluminum alloy material has thickness of 30-70 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: alpha -Olefin of component (A) and component (B) is polypropylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, norbornene, 1,4-butadiene, 1,5-cyclopentadiene, 1,6-hexadiene, styrene, ( alpha )-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene and/or 3-chloromethyl styrene. The silane compound is ethylenically unsaturated silane compound containing vinyl functional group. The content of silane compound is 0.05-5 weight% with respect to content of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt index of component (A) and component (B) is each 0.2-40 g/10 minutes. The melting point of component (B) is 80-120 degrees C. The thickness of encapsulant sheet is 0.2-0.8 mm. Preferred Composition: The content of components (A)-(C) is 0-85 weight%, 10-90 weight% and 5-90 weight%, respectively. The encapsulant sheet further contains ultraviolet-absorbing agent, photostabilizer, thermal stabilizer and/or antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nano-pattern is formed by depositing silica on transparent substrate. Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode material is chosen from indium-tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, zinc-tin oxide, gallium-indium oxide, magnesium-zinc oxide, aluminum-gallium zinc oxide, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, titania, and silicon nitride. The nanoparticles are chosen from indium-tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, titania, tungsten trioxide, silicon, silica and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is chosen from quartz, glass, sapphire, lithium-aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and polyimide. The conductive substrate contains nanoparticles and imprint resin. The imprint resin is chosen from polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding (in parts weight) formaldehyde (150-1000) with respect to platinum metal precursor. The method involves adding sodium borohydride (2-100) with respect to platinum metal precursor. Preferred Components: The carbon support is chosen from carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanorods. The platinum metal precursor is chosen from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (K2PtCl4), potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV) (K2PtCl6), chloroplatinous acid (H2PtCl4), hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), and tetraammine platinum(II) chloride (Pt(NH3)4Cl2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains photoinitiator, stabilizer or silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oligomer is epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, acrylic acrylate, silicone acrylate, melamine acrylate or polythiol acrylate derivative. The epoxy acrylate is aromatic bifunctional epoxy acrylate, novolak epoxy acrylate or aliphatic epoxy acrylate. The diluent is acrylate type diluent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The conductive oxide layer is formed using fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide and aluminum-zinc. The metal layer is platinum layer. Preferred Substrate: The transparent substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The dye is ruthenium group dye. Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorbent or adsorbent is activated carbon, silica-alumina-type zeolite, alumina, magnesia, zirconia, silica, tin oxide, and/or zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A resin layer contains 30-80 %mass of color pigment and 1-30 %mass melamine cyanurate with respect to total resin layer. The resin layer contains polyisocyanate resin chosen from aromatic polyisocyanate resin, aromatic-aliphatic polyisocyanate resin, alicyclic-type polyisocyanate resin and aliphatic polyisocyanate resin. The sealing sheet has a film having heat bondability with sealing sheet film and containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, white film and inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer, laminated on surface opposite to surface at which resin layer is laminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition contains 0.01-1 part weight of phosphorus antioxidant, 0.1-10 parts weight of hindered amine type light-resistant stabilizer and 0.01-1 part weight of ultraviolet absorber with respect to 100 parts weight of the hydrogenated copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The hydrogenated block copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 30000-200000. The block copolymer is a triblock copolymer containing polymer block (A) bonded at both the ends of polymer block (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The first layer of transparent material is a thin layer relative to the second layer of transparent material. The photovoltaic surface cells have a shape including cylindrical, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal and/or octagonal. The solar cell collects at least one of heat, light, and electrical energy. The solar cell system is a 3-dimensional solar cell system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first layer of transparent material includes poly(methylmethacrylate), calcium carbonate, transparent glass, transparent plastic, polycrystalline materials or single crystal materials. The second layer of transparent material includes poly(methylmethacrylate), calcium carbonate, transparent glass, transparent plastic, polycrystalline materials, single crystal materials, water, ethanol, mineral oil, glycerin, air or nitrogen. The reflective material includes silver plating, aluminum, reflective organic compounds, gold, chrome, silicon oxides and/or silicon nitrides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The two substrates are glass substrates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic panel further comprises two metallic ribbons (130, 140) fixed between the two substrates, and extending from the second substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic module further comprises an adhesive mechanism disposed between the embedded junction box and the photovoltaic panel to fix the embedded junction box to the panel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A different polymer electrolyte is added to a different dispersion solvent and stirred to obtain a catalyst solution. The catalyst metal is reduced from the metal salt by mixing a reducing agent in the solution and heat-processing the solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The total number of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layers is three. The thickness of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is 0.1-1.0 mm. The inner side ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is thicker than outer side ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer. Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content rate of outer side ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is 20-32 mass% on basis of mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate content rate of inner side ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer is 33-50 mass% on basis of mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The object is selected from a group consisting of Cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, Copper indium selenide, Copper indium sulfide, copper indium gallium diselenide, copper indium gallium sulfide, copper zinc tin sulfide or copper zinc tin selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal sheet is made of molybdenum, copper and titanium. The object is made of copper, indium, gallium, zinc or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon-type elastomer resin is an olefin-type copolymer, an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, an olefin-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer, a random styrene-diene copolymer, block type styrene-diene copolymer, an ethylene-( alpha ) olefin copolymer, propylene-( alpha ) olefin copolymer and their hydrogenated substances. The content of olefin-aromatic vinyl compound copolymer with respect to 100 parts mass of resin is 200 parts mass or less. The content of aromatic vinyl compound with respect to 80 parts mass or more of electroconductive filler is 50 %mass or less. Preferred Property: The conductive resin composition has storage elastic modulus of 107 Pa at 250 degrees C or more measured using viscoelastic spectral measurement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The amorphous silica particles have average particle diameter of 1-100 nm. The crystalline silica particles have average particle diameter of 100-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell contains electrolyte liquid comprising iodine and iodide ion as electrolyte composition enclosed between substrates by the sealing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alicyclic polyfunctional acrylate and the silica particles polymerize. The resin composition is photocurable composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acrylate monomer unit is chosen from n-butyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polymer block (a) and polymer block (b) is 20-50 wt.% and 50-80 wt.%, respectively. The acryl type block copolymer is of formula: a-b or (a-b)n-a.n=1 or more;a=unsaturated alkyl carboxylate monomeric unit;andb=acrylic ester unit.Preferred Properties: The acrylic-type block copolymer (A) has weight average molecular weight of 30000-300000. The sealing material sheet has tensile rupture elongation of 200% or more at thickness of 0.5 mm, total light transmittance of 90% or more at thickness of 0.5 mm and haze value of 2 or less. The weight reduction rate (Wr) of sealing material sheet during heating is more than 80%, which is calculated by formula: delta Wr=(W1-W2/W1x 100), where W1 is the weight of sample at 200 degrees C and W2 is the weight of sample at 45 degrees C. Preferred Process: The sealing material sheet is obtained by mixing acrylic type block copolymer (A) (50-99 wt.%) and acrylic type copolymer (B) (1-50 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of average molecular weight (Mz) with respect to number average molecular weight (Mn) of component (a1) is 8 or less, measured by gel permeation chromatography. The component (a1) has melt viscosity (M1) of less than 9x 10-4 poise in the shearing rate of 2.47x 10 second-1 at 100 degrees C, and melt viscosity (M2) of less than 1.8x 10-4 poise in the shearing rate of 2.43x 102 second-1 at 100 degrees C. The ratio of melt viscosity (M1) with respect to melt viscosity (M2) of component (a1) is 4.5 or less. The branch number (N) of the co-monomer in component (a1) satisfies a relation: N greater than or equal to -0.67x E+53, where N is branch number per carbon number with respect to 1000 pieces of principal chain and side chain measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, and E is tensile elasticity modulus of a sheet measured based on ISO1184-1983. The ratio of melt flow rate (I10) of component (a1) measured at 190 degrees C under load of 10 kg with respect to melt flow rate (I2.16) measured at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg is less than 7. Preferred Composition: The component (a2) is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymer, (meth)acrylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylate polyfunctional copolymer and/or ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid polyfunctional copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate content of component (a2) is 20-40 wt.%. The resin composition further comprises 0.01-5 parts weight of silane coupling agent (C) with respect to 100 parts weight of resin component. The component (a1) is ethylene-1-butene copolymer or ethylene/1-hexene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboxyl group containing repeating unit (2) is repeating unit of formula -O-CH2CH(CH3)CH2O-C(=O)-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate (a2) is isocyanurate modified polyisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode and/or negative electrode further comprises conducting agent. The conducting agent chosen from carbon black, Ketjen black (RTM: electroconductive carbon black), acetylene black, artificial graphite, natural graphite, copper powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, silver powder and polyphenylene. The positive active material is chosen from lithium manganate, lithium titanate and lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-germanium oxide (LiaNibCocMndGeO2, where a is 0.9-1.1, b is 0-0.9, c is 0-0.5, d is 0-0.5, and e is 0).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The primary particles agglomerate with each other. The adjacent carbon atoms in the polycyclic nano-sheets of each primary particle are linked by sp2 bond. Preferred Composition: The secondary particles have carbon coating layer on surface. The carbon coating layer comprises chemical deposition resultant product of carbon and/or pyrolysate of coal-tar pitch, rayon, and/or polyacrylonitrile-based resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of each of the polycyclic nano-sheet is plus minus 1 nm. The number of polycyclic nano-sheets is 2-10. The primary particles have particle size of 0.1-50 nm, preferably 0.1-20 nm. The secondary particle have average particle diameter of 1-50 mu m, porosity of 1-40% and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 1-50 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The TCO layer comprises tin-doped indium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, aluminum, zinc, indium, gallium, silver, gold, tin, tungsten, copper, antimony, cadmium, niobium, strontium, silicon and/or selenium. The TCO layer exhibits a sheet resistance of less than 20 (preferably less than 10) Omega . The inert layer comprises silicon, carbon, aluminum, germanium, aluminum oxide, silica and/or silicon nitride. Preferred Method: The TCO layer and/or inert layer are deposited by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, preferably by sputtering, such as magnetron sputtering, at room temperature. The inert layer is deposited with a thickness of 1-4 nm. The inert layer exhibits an average layer thickness of 1-4 nm. The inert layer covers 2-80% of the surface of the TCO layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The substrate is heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere with at least 10 (preferably at least 15) vol.% of oxygen. The etching is performed with an inorganic and/or organic acid, preferably hydrogen fluoride, hexafluorosilicic acid, silicon dioxide compound of formula ((SiO2)mx nH2O), hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, formic acid or acetic acid.n, m = not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A thiophene-type compounds of formulae (II) and (III), fluorene-type compound of formula (IV) and malonitrile are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in presence of catalyst and solvent to obtain coupled product. Bromination substitution reaction is carried to the obtained coupled product to obtain brominated product in presence of catalyst, condensing agent and solvent. The obtained brominated product and malononitrile are condensed to obtain heterocycloquinoid thiophene organic photoelectric material (I).An=1-4C alkyl.Preferred Process: The obtained product is further separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography. The bromination substitution reaction is the substitution reaction between the product of Stille coupling reaction and N-bromosuccinimide, bromide, hydrogen bromide or phosphorus tribromide. Preferred Composition: The solvent is dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane or acetonitrile. The catalyst used in the condensation reaction is organopalladium catalyst. The solvent used during condensation reaction is ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, toluene or propanone. The catalyst used during bromination substitution reaction is organopalladium catalyst, and the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene. The condensing agent is sodium hydride or sodium alkoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains crosslinking agent, and acidic catalyst or base catalyst. The compound having functional group is of formula: A-(X)n, preferably anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4'-hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.A=aryl;X=hydroxy, hydroxymethyl or carboxy;andn=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer or oligomer has crosslinking portion, and is novolak resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic compound is chosen from silicic acid compound, zirconium compound, titanium compound and phosphate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (B) is organic compound, inorganic compound and/or organic chelate compound. The organic compound is chosen from urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyolefin-type resin, acrylic resin, vinyl resin, phenol resin and natural polymer. The organic chelate compound has functional group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, phosphonic acid group, phosphoric-acid group, amino group and amide group in one molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The silane compound is of formula: R1-Si(-R3)n-(OR2)3-n.R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing resin is included with silicone resin, polyolefin resin and ethylene vinyl acetate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A carrier is formed of a foamed nickel mesh, iron wire mesh and a copper wire mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A water absorbing body comprises polyacrylate, polyving alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, starch graft copolymer and rubber blend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cadmium salt is cadmium acetate, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate or cadmium nitrate; the zinc acid is zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate; and sulfur resource is sulfourea, sulfur alcohol, sulfur ether or thioacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal foil is copper foil, stainless steel foil or titanium foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The positive electrode and the negative electrode can store and discharge a lithium element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte salt contains a lithium salt. The nonaqueous solvent includes a cyclic carbonate or a chain carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    X and Y'=vinyl, propionate group or (group of formulae (ia), ii), (iii) or (iv)).    EXAMPLE - A copolymer of formula (II) having a biphenyl functional group of formula (iii) (where x1 is 2, in which x1 is the average number of addition of oxyethylene units) was synthesized. The copolymer was referred to as a 'polymer (i)'. First, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acrylate (4.25 g) which was an ethoxy phenyl acrylate (EO=2 moles), and 4-vinyl biphenyl (0.75 g) were mixed in a flask. Then, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (50 mg) was added as the polymerization initiator to the mixture. Then, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (20 g) was put into the mixture, and then argon gas was used to remove oxygen in the system. After the reaction was finished, yellow solid polymer (i) (3.3 g) having viscous elasticity and number average molecular weight of 21000 was obtained. The battery with polymer (i) added had a high charge voltage at the time of the potential responsibility as compared to the battery to without polymer (i) added at the same charging ratio. The synthesized polymer (i) exhibited the same overcharge behavior as that of the low-molecule overcharge inhibitor, and that the polymer (i) could serve as the overcharge inhibitor in principle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wavelength conversion material is made of benzoxazoyl derivative. The adhesive bond layer is formed using resin having hydroxyl group and adhesive agent containing polyisocyanate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell module is provided with white muktilayer polyester film containing foamed resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The cyclic olefin-type polymer is a random copolymer consisting of linear olefin component and cyclic olefin component. Preferred Property: The sealing material having thickness of 0.3 mm has water vapor permeation rate of 1 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C and 90% humidity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The bending stress of the laminated sheet is calculated as 1.8 MPa under a load according to JISK7191 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains lithium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains ethylmethyl imidazolium as cation and perfluoro sulfonimide as anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene dioxythiophene is obtained by polymerization of ethylene dioxythiophene dimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering electroconductive component and wiring material is 25 volume% or more. The amount of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering wiring material and solar cell is 25 volume% or less. The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering electroconductive component and wiring material, is less than average particle diameter of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering wiring material and solar cell. The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering electroconductive component and wiring material is 5 mu m or less. The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles contained in resin adhesive for adhering wiring material and solar cell is 5 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The active material contains lithium, titanium complex oxide and metallic species e.g. silicon, tin, lithium, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, cerium, nickel, iron and mendelevium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductivity polymer is selected from poly acetylene, poly aniline, poly parole, poly hyphened and poly sulfur nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative active material layer is made of silicon, tin, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, cerium, nickel, iron. The conductive material is made of carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, stainless steel, aluminum, copper and palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive material is made of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The tiles are assembled with the carried by an electrically conductive adhesive. The carrier is foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The carrier is textile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon deposit is uniform, adherent and non-powdery. The carbon deposit is present at 0.03-15 wt.%. The calcium impurity is mainly deposited on the surface of (I). The calcium impurity is mainly in the form of a calcium phosphate, optionally comprising lithium. (I) is of formula (C-LiFePO4). (I) comprises elementary particles and agglomerates of elementary particles. The size of elementary particles is 10 nm to 3 mu m, preferably 1-5 mu m and the size of agglomerates is 100 nm to 30 mu m, preferably 1-10 mu m. (I) has a surface area of 5-50 m2/g. The elementary particles have a particle size distribution D50 of 1-5 mu m and the agglomerates have a particle size distribution of 1-10 mu m. The lithium salt comprises lithium (bis)trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiN(SO2CF3)2). The anode is metallic lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is a polymer composed of at least 60% of recurring units of formula (-CH2-CH2O-) derived from ethylene oxide, which is optionally dissolved in a lithium salt. Preferred Definitions:    M = Fe(II), alone or partially replaced by at most 30 atomic% of one or more other metal comprising Mn, Ni and Co, and/or up to 10 atomic% of isovalent or aliovalent metal comprising Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Al, Ta, Ge, La, Y, Yb, Sm, Ce, Cu, Hf, Cr, Zr, Bi, Zn, B, Ca and W and/or at most 5 atomic% of Fe(III).    EXAMPLE - Mixture of iron phosphate dihydrate (FePO4(H2O)2) (1 mole), lithium carbonate (1 mole), and polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (5%) containing ethylene oxide (50%) was introduced in isopropyl alcohol and mixed for 10 hours. Then the solvent was removed. In the resulting material, the polymer was maintained together with the particles of phosphate and carbonate. The mixture was treated under a stream of nitrogen at 700 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain carbon-lithium iron phosphate (C-LiFePO4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid content of coating composition of organic-inorganic coating film is 1-10 %mass. The coating composition further contains hydrolyzable silicon compound. Preferred Property: The base material has light transmittance of 30-99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cover layer contains the electrically conductive material (5-70 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the resin composition). The resin composition includes at least one of phenol resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, polyimide resin, polyamide imide resin or polyester resin. The electrically conductive material includes at least one of a metal material, a carbon material or an electrically conductive polymeric material, where the metal includes silver and the carbon material includes at least one of carbon black or graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery further comprises a material selected from lithium titanate without a coating layer of low crystalline carbon, a carbon-based material and/or metal-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low crystalline carbon has 0.6-1 (preferably 0.7-0.9) of a Raman spectrum intensity ratio (Ra(Id/Ig)) of a D band peak height (Id) and a G band peak height (Ig). The low crystalline carbon is included in an amount of 0.1-2 (preferably 0.5-1) wt.% based on the total weight of the negative active material. The carbon layer has a thickness of 1-10 (preferably 2-5) nm. The carbon layer formed on the core is prepared by mixing the compound (I) and a carbon precursor solution comprised of a carbon precursor and a solvent to form a mixture, and heating the mixture to transform the compound (I) and the carbon precursor into the carbon coated on the compound (I). The amorphous carbon is a vapor-phase hydrocarbon, citric acid, cellulose acetate, olive oil, sucrose and/or phenol resin. EXAMPLE - A negative active material was prepared as follows: a carbon precursor solution having a concentration of 10 wt.% was prepared by adding a carbon precursor of olive oil to ethanol. The carbon precursor solution was added to a Li4Ti5O12 compound (specific surface area of 10 m2/g) so that the carbon precursor amount was adjusted to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the Li4Ti5O12 compound. The obtained mixture was heated at 700 degrees C for 1 hour under a N2 atmosphere to obtain a negative active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer-containing film contains more than 5 ppm of magnesium ions, and silicon dioxide (0.001-15 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer comprises compounds consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate, triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate, and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetal is crosslinked by polyaldehydes, glutardialdehyde or glutaric acid via carboxyl groups, and has a polyvinyl acetate content of less than or equal to 14 wt.%. The plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal film includes polyvinyl acetal containing vinyl acetate units in an amount of less than or equal to 5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoscale patterned back contact layer comprises silver, gold, copper and/or aluminum. The spacer layer comprises zinc oxide : aluminum. The semiconductor layer comprises a-silicon : hydrogen. The semiconductor layer comprises copper-indium-gallium selenide or cadmium telluride. The transparent conductive layer comprises indium-tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide particle is aluminum, zinc, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, cerium, titanium, and/or zirconium. The dispersing agent is nonionic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix formation component is polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer and polymerization initiator. The matrix formation component contains polyamic acid and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles contain metal oxide chosen from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, cerium oxide, indium oxide and tin oxide and titanium dioxide having anatase-type crystal structure. The content of inorganic particles is 50-90 %mass with respect to all components in composition (excluding organic solvent). Preferred Property: The inorganic particles have number average particle diameter of 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photosensitive composition further contains surfactant and polymerization inhibitor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The alkali-soluble polymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-50000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soldering material contains tin or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant material contains polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal (M) is manganese, copper, gold, silver, nickel and/or zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano-ink precursor contains specific metallic element (C) chosen from selenium, sulfur and/or tellurium, and oxide particles having Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 40-200 m2/g, obtained by heat-processing metal hydroxide (Ax(In1-yB'y)(OH)m.nH2O, where A is copper and/or zinc, B' is gallium, iron, aluminum or zinc, x is 0-1.5 and y is 0.1-0.9). The mass ratio of indium-boron alloy and specific metallic element (C) is 1/1-1/6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Porous polymer is filled in a connected thermoelectric conversion elements array for sealing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The lug is made of metal or alloy with hardness more than lithium, preferably made of aluminum, steel, copper, nickel or alloy. A negative electrode structure has protecting element having sheet flexible substrate and adhesive coated on single surface of the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The substrate is made of polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, high melting point aromatic polyamide, glass cloth, polyester film, nonwoven fiber, cotton cloth, cellulose acetate or crape. The adhesive is made of rubber, synthesized rubber, acrylic adhesive or silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The valve base and valve body are made of macromolecular polymer separated from dissolving-resistance solvent and corrosion-resistance metal. The microhole film is polyvinylidene fluoride film or PTFE film. The valve base and valve body are made of polyethyleneimine, PTFE, polypropylene, stainless steel, titanium or titanium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell structure further comprises a second semi-transparent conductive metal layer formed between the transparent substrate and the p-i-n or n-i-p semiconductor layer. The transparent substrate is made of glass, quartz, transparent plastic, sapphire substrate or transparent flexible material. The semi-transparent conductive metal layer and second semi-transparent conductive metal layer are made of single transition metal or aluminum. The semi-transparent conductive metal layer and second semi-transparent conductive metal layer comprise one of the first transparent conductive oxide and transition metal or aluminum. The semi-transparent conductive metal layer and second semi-transparent conductive metal layer comprise one of the first transparent conductive oxide and transition metal or aluminum and a second transparent conductive oxide. The transition metal is sliver or nickel. The sliver is of 3-25 nm thickness. The semi-transparent conductive metal layer and second semi-transparent conductive metal layer are zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed rare-earth coordination compound is chosen from 12 compounds e.g. compounds of formulae (I)-(V).Ln=europium or terbium;R1=methyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl or 2-furyl;andR2=phenyl, trifluoromethyl or tert-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratios of a scandium ceria stabilized zirconia of formula (10Sc1CeSZ), nickel oxide, scandium oxide, cerium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide powder, doped cerium oxide powder and anode powder to ethylcellulose terpinol solution are all 1.5-4. The doped cerium oxide is a samarium doped cerium oxide of formula (Ce1-xSmxO2) or a gadolinium doped cerium oxide of formula (Ce1-xGdxO2). The cathode powder is a rare-earth strontium cobaltate oxide of formula (L1-xSrxCoO3) or an iron doped rare-earth strontium cobaltate oxide of formula (L1-xSrxFe1-yCoyO3).L = La, Nd, Pr, Sm or Gd; andx, y = 0-1.Preferred Method: The step (vii) comprises discharging plastic in air at 600 degrees C for 2-4 hours and then sintering at 1400-1500 degrees C, where the speed for raising the temperature and reducing the temperature in the process of discharging plastic and sintering is 0.5-5 degrees C/minute. The step of sintering baffling layer comprises sintering at 1200-1300 degrees C in presence of air for 1-2 hours, where the speed for raising temperature and reducing temperature during sintering is 1-5 degrees C/minute. The step of sintering cathode layer comprises sintering at 900-1200 degrees C in presence of air for 2-4 hours, where the speed for raising temperature and reducing temperature during sintering is 1-5 degrees C/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed solvent in step (i) is a mixture of butanone and ethanol in a weight ratio of 2:1, and the concentration of the triethyl phosphate is 1-5 wt.%. The concentration of polyvinyl butyral is 10-20 wt.%. The concentration of dibutyl phthalate is 4-10 wt.% and the concentration of polyethylene glycol 200 is 4-10 wt.%. The content of the ethylcellulose in the ethylcellulose terpinol solution is 1-5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler contains silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron carbide and boron nitride. The alcohol is aliphatic alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solid polymer electrolyte further contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, and/or dimethyl carbonate (2-20 parts weight).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyhedral oligomer silsesquioxane is of formula (I).R=H, or 1-20C hydrocarbyl chosen from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is silicone material. The thickness of the zinc oxide layer is 10-500 nm. The thickness of n-type gallium nitride film is 0.1-10 mu m. The indium gallium nitride layer comprises 1-99% of indium. Preferred Method: The zinc oxide layer is formed by atomic layer deposition method or pulsed laser deposition method. The gallium nitride layer is formed between the zinc oxide layer and n-type gallium nitride film. The n-type gallium nitride film is obtained by doping of silicone material. The p-type gallium nitride film is obtained by doping of magnesium. The thickness of p-type gallium nitride film is 0.1-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode (150) containing indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, transparent conductive oxide, zinc oxide-aluminum oxide is used for manufacturing the solar cell. A transparent conductive film layer containing titanium dioxide or silicon nitride is formed on the transparent electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The copolymer polyester film further contains dimethyl terephthalate or methyl naphthalene carboxylate as acid component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode substrate is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide or titanium oxide. The active material used in the solar cell is selected from a group consisting of lithium-iron-phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide or lithium zirconium cobalt dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode substrate is made of copper, nickel or stainless. The cell is manufactured using lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium carbon alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The alkali metal salt comprises lithium sulfate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and potassium hexametaphosphate. The concentration of the additive in the vanadium ion electrolyte is 0-2, preferably 0-0.5 mol/L. The concentration of the total vanadium in the vanadium ion electrolyte is 1-3 (preferably 1-2.5) mol/L. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 2-5 (preferably 2-4) mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The hydroxyl-containing substance comprises ethanol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, acetic acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. The surfactant comprises dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and dimethyl dodecyl betaine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ceramic powder: is at least one of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or boron nitride; has an average particle size of 0.1-2.5 mu m; and is mixed at 0.5-3.6 mg/cm2 per unit area. The ceramic powder and the matrix polymer are mixed at a mass ratio of 1/1-6/1. The electrolyte salt is a lithium salt, where the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte is 0.5-2.1 mol/kg. The matrix polymer contains polyvinylidene fluoride, where the polyvinylidene fluoride has a weight-average molecular weight of greater than or equal to 550000. The nonaqueous electrolyte has an extension that protrudes from a positive electrode active material layer (21B) and a negative electrode active material layer in a direction that crosses a laminate direction, and the extension covers a width of 0.1-2 mm from a lateral end portion of at least one of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer. EXAMPLE - Lithium hexafluorophosphate (as an electrolyte salt) was dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent (prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate at mass ratio of 6:4) at a concentration of 1 mol/kg, to give nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Nonaqueous electrolytic solution (90 parts by mass) and the matrix polymer polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (of mass ratio of 93.1:6.9, and had weight-average molecular weight of 60 x 104) (10 parts by mass) were mixed. Then silicon carbide (ceramic powder having an average particle size of 0.1 mu m) was added to the material mixture at the ceramic powder to matrix polymer ratio of 1:1. Dimethyl carbonate was also added as a viscosity-adjusting solvent to adjust the viscosity to 50 mPa-second, to give nonaqueous electrolyte composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate assembly, ribs, stiffening element and a torsion-stiff element are made of plastic e.g. polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further comprises silver particles. Preferred Components: The phosphorus-containing compound is at least one of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric ester or cyclic phosphazene. EXAMPLE - Glass (comprised of vanadium oxide (32 parts), phosphorus oxide (26 parts), barium oxide (10 parts), manganese oxide (8 parts), sodium oxide (1 part), potassium oxide (3 parts), zinc oxide (10 parts) and tungsten oxide (10 parts)) was prepared and converted into glass particles. Then copper particles (85.1 parts), glass particles (1.7 parts), butyl carbitol acetate solution (composed of 4% of ethyl cellulose) (13.2 parts), and phosphoric acid (3 parts) were mixed and stirred in a mortar made of agate for 20 minutes, to obtain the paste composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further comprises silver particles. The glass particles have a glass softening point of 600 degrees C or lower and a crystallization starting temperature of higher than 600 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Glass comprising vanadium oxide (10 parts), phosphorous oxide (29.6 parts), barium oxide (10.4 parts), molybdenum oxide (10 parts), tungsten oxide (30 parts), and potassium oxide (10 parts) were mixed to form glass K41. The glass K41 had a softening point of 554 degrees C and a crystallization temperature of higher than 600 degrees C. Copper particles (39.2 parts), silver particles (45.9 parts), glass particles (K41) (1.7 parts), and a butyl carbitol acetate solution (13.2 parts) including 4% of ethyl cellulose were mixed and stirred in a mortar made of agate for minutes to form paste composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyurethane insulating materials are covered outside tank wall of methane generator, and nylon nets are arranged on inner and outer walls.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The divalent ferric salt is a solution prepared by using ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride crystal as the raw material and the concentration of the divalent ferric salt is 0.5-2 mol/l. The phosphor salt is a solution prepared by using at least one of phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the raw material and the concentration of the phosphate radical ions is 0.5-2 mol/l. The lithium salt is a solution prepared by using at least one of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate or lithium chloride as the raw material and the concentration of the lithium ions is 0.5-2 mol/l. The antioxidant is a solution prepared by using ascorbic acid or oxalate crystal as the raw material and the concentration is 0.01-0.1 mol/l. The dosage of the graphene is 1-10% of the mass of the composite lithium iron phosphate. The inert protective gas is nitrogen or argon. Preferred Method: The drying process is carried out in a vacuum drying box at 35-80 degrees C for 10-20 hours. The calcination temperature in the tube furnace is 500-800 degrees C and the calcination time is 2-10 hours. The programmed temperature rising settings are: rising the temperature to 500-800 degrees C at a speed of 10-30 degrees C for each minute, then maintaining the temperature for 2-10 hours, and cooling at a speed of 1-50 degrees C for each minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The base film contains ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorber contained in resin layer (A) is chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, benzophenone group compound, benzotriazole-type compound, modified anilide-type compound, cyano acrylate-type compound, triazine-type compound and benzoate-type compound. The ultraviolet absorber in resin layer is obtained using titanium oxide, zinc oxide and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin contained in resin layer contains acrylic polyol-type resin copolymerized with ultraviolet absorber and optical stabilizer. The base film contains polystyrene resin. The resin layer (A) comprises fluororesin containing inorganic-type ultraviolet absorber, preferably titanium oxide or carbon black. The fluororesin consists of copolymer resin containing polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The sealing sheet has a resin layer (B) comprising polyethylene resin laminated on other surface of base film through adhesive resin layer crosslinked with polyisocyanate-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass particles contain oxide-containing phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains silver particles. The metal particles including copper as main component is chosen from phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, silver-coated copper particles, and copper particles surface-treated by triazole compound, (un)saturated fatty acid, inorganic metallic compound salt, organometallic compound salt, polyaniline type resin, and metal alkoxide. The flux is chosen from fatty acid, boric-acid compound, fluorinated compound and borofluoride compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass particles in the paste composition is 0.1-10 %mass. The glass particles are glass containing diphosphorus pentoxide and divanadium pentoxide. Preferred Property: The glass softening point of the glass particles is 600 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of copper-containing particles is 9-88 %mass with respect to total content of the copper-containing particles and silver particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper-containing particles are chosen from phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, silver-coated copper particles, and copper particle surface-treated by triazole compound, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, inorganic metallic compound, organometallic compound salt, polyaniline-type resin and metal alkoxide. The total content of solvent and resin in the paste composition is 3-29.9 %mass. The paint composition further contains silver particles or phosphorus-containing compound. The phosphorus-containing compound is chosen from phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, phosphate ether and a cyclic phosphazene.
Preferred Definitions:    M1=aluminum;and    R1 and R2=alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The inorganic material is silica, titania, zirconia and/or alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium metal oxide has composition of formula: LiFe1-xMxPO4, LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 or Li(Mn2-x'Mx')O4.M=manganese, cobalt, nickel, chromium, aluminum, titanium or magnesium;x=0-1;x'=0-0.1;x+y=0.5-1.0;andy=0.1-0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The silicone resin contains aryl group bonded with silicon atom. The molar ratio of aryl group bonded with silicon atom is more than 0.3. The aryl group is phenyl group. The silicone resin has structure of formula: (R3SiO1/2)a (I), (R2SiO2/2)b (II), (RSiO3/2)c (III), (SiO4/2)d (IV), R1R2SiO2/2 (V) or R3SiO3/2 (VI).R=H, OH, epoxy, acryloyl, methacryloyl, isocyanate, alkoxy, hydrocarbyl or at least one being aryl;a=0-0.6;b=0-0.9;c=0-0.8, b and c are not 0 simultaneously;d=0-0.4;a+b+c+d=1;R1,R2=alkyl or aryl, at least one being aryl;andR3=aryl.The silicone resin has siloxane unit of formula: (C6H5)CH3SiO2/2, (C6H5)2SiO2/2 or (C6H5)SiO3/2. The silicone resin has weight average molecular weight of 300-100000. The resin layer is formed on base material (12) chosen from polyester film, fluorinated polymer film and metal foil. The filler is contained in amount of 0.1-70 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the silicone resin. The filler has average particle diameter of 40-100000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wet etching process comprises wet etching with potassium hydroxide. The reflective electrode material comprises aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor material, the transparent electrode material and the buffer material comprise poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The electrode paste further contains glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of fatty-acid silver salt is 1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of silver powder. The ratio of content of fatty-acid silver salt (I) and fatty-acid silver salt (II) is 95/5-50/50. The fatty-acid silver salt (I) is silver salt of 2-methyl-propanoic acid and/or silver salt of neodecanoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The vehicle is obtained by dissolving ethyl cellulose resin in an organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulation layer is made from a polystyrene foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive substrate has a transparent conductive layer containing transparent metal membrane, transparent conductive oxide membrane, transparent conductive inorganic non-oxide membrane, transparent conductive organic membrane and/or transparent conductive polymer membrane. The transparent metal membrane comprises amorphous carbon, carbon nanotube, grapheme, single-layered graphite, gold, silver, chromium, germanium, iridium, osmium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, copper, platinum and/or aluminum. The transparent conductive oxide membrane comprises doped or undoped ton oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide and/or cadmium tin oxide. The transparent conductive inorganic non-oxide membrane comprises doped or undoped cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, lanthanum hexaboride, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, zirconium nitride and/or titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive organic membrane comprises doped or undoped polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly-p-benzene, polyphenylene, vinylene, polyfluorene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyfuran, polypyridazine, polyisothianaphthene and/or poly-p-benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chitosan derivative is chitosan-N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (HACC), N-alkylated chitosan derivative, carboxymethylated derivative, alkylated derivative and/or ester derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic surface agent is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyethylene glycol and/or Tween 20 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium borate dioxalate or lithium trifluoromethylsulfamide, preferably lithium hexafluorophosphate. The positive electrode comprises lithium cobaltate or lithium manganate. The negative electrode comprises carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nonaqueous organic solvent is mixed solvent formed by mixing vinyl carbonate, propenyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, in volume ratio of 2-5:1-3:3-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The diaphragm comprises porous polyolefin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polymeric material film is made of nitrocotton, Teflon (RTM: polytetraflouroethene), polypropylene or fluoride material and solvent. Preferred Properties: The thickness of polymeric material film is 0.05-0.1 mm. The pore diameter of micropores in polymeric material film is 0.1-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant inorganic material is alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, other metallic oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, other metal hydroxides, carbonate, non-metal oxide, nitride and phosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface active agent is sodium stearate, hexamethyl disilazane, aluminate, titanate or silane. The high-boiling point diluent is decane, undecane, dodecane, atoleine, plant oil, and glyceride. The other auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant (0.1-0.5%) and nucleating agent (0.1-0.5%). The extracting agent is chosen from hydrocarbon, hydrochloric ether and ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The polyethylene layer is provided between two polypropylene layers. Preferred Properties: The dispersion grain diameter of the heat-resistant inorganic nanomaterial is 200-1000 nm. The diaphragm has bore diameter 0.01-0.02 mu m, closing-hole temperature of 130-140 degrees C, and breaking-diaphragm temperature of more than 180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The kaolin is represented by the following equation: (Al2x1Six2Mgy1Fe2y2K2y2K2y3Na2y4O(3x1+2x2+y1+3y2+y3+y4)), where the kaolin contains (in weight%) silicon (15-30), aluminum (10-20), iron (less than 1), magnesium (less than 1), potassium (less than 1) and sodium (less than 1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder utilized in the solid lithium ion electrolyte preparing method is chosen from PVC or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The battery further comprises zinc alloy as inhibitor for suppressing gas generation. Preferred Component: The electrolyte containing calcium hydroxide is present in the saturated state. The cathode layer is chosen from bismuth, indium and aluminum. The zinc alloy is in the form of powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film is polyterephthalate, polyacrylonitrile film or metal laminate film. The anode and cathode layer comprises binder chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and manganese dioxide powder. The electrolyte is gel-type electrolyte. The gel-type electrolyte is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolytic plating is carried out using negative plate comprising platinum or titanium. The electrolyte solution comprises titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains alkoxide type cationic resin having methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, pentyloxy or hexyloxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic solution contains counter anion chosen from fluorine-type anion (CF3COO-), nitrogen-containing anion (N(CF3SO3)2-), cyano group-containing anion (B(CN)4-), trifluorophosphate anion (PF6-), thiocyanate anion (NCS-), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4-), or cyano group-containing anion (C(CN)3-). The iodine salt is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, magnesium iodide, barium iodide, molybdenum iodide, calcium iodide, cesium iodide, zinc iodide, ammonium iodide, methyl iodide, benzoyl iodide, allyl iodide, and/or imidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains organic solvent and iodide salt. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, acetone, methylethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dichloromethane and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane with are reacted with aminoalkylimidazole to obtain a monomer containing isocyanate group at the terminal. Chloroform and ethylene oxide compound are added to the resultant mixture to obtain polyethylene glycol. Acetonitrile and alkyl iodide are added to the resultant compound to obtain diimidazolium iodide polyethylene as imidazole-type polymer or oligomer-type ionic solution. Preferred Component: The ionic solution is a linear copolymer having symmetrical structure, and has average molecular weight of 500-30000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, and/or dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material layer is a metal substrate or polyester type layer. The base material layer additionally comprises a primer layer. The urethane-based adhesive is polyurethane-based adhesive including polyester urethane polyol, diisocyanate, and biuret. The fluoro vinylidene group polymer comprises comonomers (5-50 wt.%) chosen from hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, (perfluorobutyl)ethylene, perfluoropropylvinyl ether, perfluoroethylvinyl ether, perfluoromethylvinyl ether, perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), and perfluoro-4-methyl-1,3-dioxole. The coating layer further contains (meth)acrylic type polymer (1-50 wt.%) chosen from polymethylmethacrylate, copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, and copolymer of cyclohexylmaleimide and methyl methacrylate. The weight ratio of fluoro vinylidene group polymer and (meth)acrylic type copolymer is 9-7:1-3. The coating layer further contains a pigment and filler. Preferred Properties: The bonding layer has a thickness of 0.1-20 mu m. The fluoro vinylidene group polymer has a crystallinity of 10-70%, a number average molecular weight of 50000-250000, and a melting point of 80-175 degrees C. The coating layer has a thickness of 5-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent used during manufacture of electrolyte is acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Protective layer (I) contains an acetate compound of formula: -(-CH2-CH2-)m-(-CH2-CH(-OCOCH3)-)n-, and protective layer (II) contains an acetate compound of formula: -(-CH2-CH2-)x-(-CH2-CH(-OCOCH3)-)y-.m,n,x,y=not defined.N.B: m, n, x, and y are not defined. Protective layer (I) contains vinyl acetate (40-50 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Protective layer (II) contains oriented polypropylene or cast polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of surfactant to platinum metal salt is 1:1-1:25. The platinum metal salt is potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) or hexachloroplatinate (IV). The reducing agent is hydrogen, borohydride, or ascorbic acid. Preferred Property: The size of platinum nanoparticle is 10-20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is chosen from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermal glue comprises silicon cream or metallic particles. Thermal glue contains metallic particles, where the metallic particles comprise zinc, or zinc powder or zinc dust, or copper, or copper filings. The thermal glue provides thermal equilibrium between the cooling fins and the solar cells irrespective of inexact alignment between the cooling fins and the solar cells. The solar panel further comprises a backing structure, for pressing the cooling arrangement against the thermal glue. Preferred Composition: The metallic particles comprise between 10% and 50% by weight of the composition. Preferred Parameter: The composition has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.9, or has thermal conductivity of at least 0.99. Preferred Method: Manufacturing solar panel further comprises providing a polyvinyl (PV) frame; and fixing a backing behind the frame to press the cooling arrangement against the thermal glue and the array of solar cells, where cooling arrangement comprises a water or liquid cooling grill comprising fins for setting in thermal equilibrium with solar cells of the array, surfaces of the grill towards the solar cells being smeared with the thermal glue. The method also comprises using aluminum support structures to tighten the cooling arrangement to the backing; and covering the cooling structure with an isolation polymer. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The weld plate comprises nickel. The weld plate comprises nickel-plated stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The triazine compound has pka value of -5 to -7. The amount of triazine compound is 0.01-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains an additive chosen from an ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer, antioxidant, thermostabilizer, fluorescent agent or flame retardant. The polyester resin is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polubutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene terephthalate and polyethylene-1,2-diphenoxy ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylate, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Definitions:    at least one of R1b-R1d=substituent having positive sigma p Hammett value of 0.1-1.2, preferably COORr, CON(Rs)2, CN, CF3, halo, NO2, or SO3M, more preferably COORr or CN;    Rs,Rr=H or monovalent substituent;    R1g-R1k,R1m,R1n,R1p=H;and    M=H or alkali metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass particles have glass softening point of 600 degrees C or less, and crystallization start temperature of more than 600 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains silver particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass particles are glass containing phosphorus pentoxide and vanadium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains silver particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The total content of the silver-alloy particles and silver particles is 70-94 %mass. The content of glass particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The total content of solvent and resin is 3-29.9 %mass. The content of copper particles with respect to the silver or silver-alloy particles is 9-88 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unit to control and/or regulate the operating temperature of cell may comprise a material switchable from transparent to reflective in a certain wavelength range. The reflecting material comprises a vanadium dioxide-based material. The photoactive layer comprises amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The temperature-control unit comprises non-charge generating photon absorbing material, which is an infrared absorbent material comprising radiation absorbent particles or nanoparticles or a dye. The photon absorbing material comprises an electrochromic or thermochromic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoactive material is a composite comprising a blend chosen from conjugated polymers, conjugated polymer(s) and fullerene derivative(s), small molecule(s) and fullerene(s), conjugated polymer(s) and nanoparticles, fullerene(s) and nanoparticle(s), and different types of nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor nanoparticles (a) and (b) are magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, magnesium telluride, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, strontium oxide, strontium sulfide, strontium selenide, strontium telluride, barium oxide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, copper oxide, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, mercury oxide, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, aluminum sulfide, aluminum selenide, aluminum telluride, gallium oxide, gallium sulfide, gallium selenide, gallium telluride, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, germanium oxide, tin oxide, tin sulfide, tin selenide, tin telluride, lead oxide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphite, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonite, gallium nitride, gallium phosphite, gallium arsenide, gallium antimonite, indium nitride, indium phosphite, indium arsenide, indium antimonite, boron phosphide, silicon and/or germanium. The electrode (A) contains film including indium-tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, molybdenum-doped zinc oxide and/or gallium-doped magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The electrode (B) contains metal chosen from aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, copper, tungsten, nickel, zinc, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, cadmium, palladium and/or their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer (a) and (b) are polyacetylene-type conductive polymer, polyaniline-type conductive polymer, polypyrrole-type conductive polymer, polythiophene-type conductive polymer, polystyrene, polyphenylene vinylene-type conductive polymer and/or polyvinyl carbazole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aryl group with respect to silicon atom in the silicone resin is more than 0.5, preferably more than 0.7. The aryl group in silicone resin is phenyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicone resin is of formula: (RSiO1/2)a(RSiO2/2)b(RSiO3/2)c(RSiO4/2)d. The silicone resin further has siloxane unit of formula: R1R2SiO2/2 or R3SiO3/2, preferably (C6H5)CH3SiO2/2, (C6H5)2SiO2/2 or (C6H5)SiO3/2, and has average molecular weight of 300-100000.R=H, aryl, hydroxy, epoxy, acryloxy, methacryloxy, isocyanate, or alkoxy;R1,R2=alkyl or aryl;R3=aryl;a=0-0.6;b=0-0.97;c=0-0.8;d=0-0.4;anda+b+c+d=1. Preferred Definitions:    at least one R=epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrical conductive path includes a material selected from a group consisting of copper, silver, tin, cobalt, rhenium, nickel, zinc, lead, aluminum and alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A terthiophene compound of formula (IV) and nitrogen-containing compound of formula: NC-CH2-R2 are reacted, to obtain terthlophene derivative.R2=R1. EXAMPLE - 2,5-Dibromo-3-thiophene carbaldehyde (2 g), 2-tributyl tin thiophene (6.91) and toluene (35 mL) were mixed. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium was added to the reaction mixture, refluxed for 24 hours and organic solvent was distilled off. The product was filtered, and purified using silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 81% of 2,2',5',2"-terthlophene-3'-carbaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device consists of positive electrode (2) and negative electrode (4), and photovoltaic device material provided between the electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electron-accepting material is fullerene compound. The fullerene compound is C70 derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - (In g) benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (4.3) was brominated and reacted with sodium borohydride to obtain 3,6-dibromo-benzene-1,2-diamine (2.37). The obtained diamine (2.37) was reacted with 1,2-diphenyl-ethane-1,2-dione (1.87) to obtain 5,8-dibromo-2,3-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxaline (3.72). The quinoxaline compound (1.42) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane (1.9) were reacted in presence of potassium phosphate, bis((diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) dichloropalladium (0.26) and N-bromosuccinimide to obtain 5,8-bis-(5-bromo-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxaline (1.6). The obtained compound (220 mg) was reacted with 2-(7-(1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborinane (154 mg) in the presence of tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium to obtain a conjugated polymer (48 mg) with number average molecular weight of 119700 weight average molecular weight of 7800 and polymerization degree of 127. The photovoltaic device fabricated using the obtained polymer as electron-donating material had high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The nitrogen adsorption surface area of carbon material is 50-200 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The organic particles have average particle diameter of 1-30 mu m. The organic fiber have average particle diameter of 1-30 mu m and average length of 30-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbonization yield of resin component in the resin composition is 40 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The surface roughness of surface of gas barrier layer is less than or equal to 2 nm. Preferred Process: The irradiation light source used by irradiation treatment by vacuum UV ray has less than or equal to 180 nm wavelength component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Each stave segment comprises poly vinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), reinforced polymer mortar (RPMP), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), cross-linked high density polyethylene (PEX), polybutylene (PB), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyester, fiber, reinforced polyester, nylon reinforced polyester, vinyl ester, fiber reinforced vinyl ester, nylon reinforced vinyl ester, concrete and ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polysilazane is perhydropolysilazane. The solution containing the polysilazane optionally contains 5 %mass or less of reaction catalysts of polysilazane. Preferred Conditions: The dew point temperature is less than -8 degrees C at 25 degrees C and 10% relative humidity. The oxygen concentration during vacuum-ultraviolet-ray is 500-10000 ppm. The vacuum-ultraviolet-ray maximum irradiation intensity on the coating-film surface containing polysilazane is 100-200 mW/cm2. The modification process is performed at 150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulation sheet contains silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible device layer includes N-gallium nitride (N-GaN) layer is stacked on aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layer stacked on sacrificial buffer. P-gallium nitride (P-GaN) layer is stacked on indium aluminum nitride (InGaN) layer stacked on N-gallium nitride N-(GaN) layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The boron-containing organic compound is of formula (H2C=C(CH3)-C(=O)-(OCH2CH2)(2.2)-O-B(O-(CH2CH2O)(2.2)-C(=O)-C(CH3)=CH2)(O-(CH2CH2O)(2.2)-C(=O)-C(CH3)=CH2)). Preferred Property: The mass ratio of the boron-containing organic compound and the high molecular compound is 5:95 to 60:40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The flat frame is made of an aluminum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive ion of the sulfhydryl ion liquid is imidazole, imidazole derivative, pyridine, pyridine derivative or quaternary ammonium positive ion. The organic is methyl alcohol, ethanol or 1-methyl imidazole. The ion liquid solvent is imidazole, pyridine or room temperature ion liquid of quaternary ammonium. The ion liquid solvent is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole tetra-cyano boride, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole dicyan nitride. The organic is methyl alcohol, ethanol or 1-methyl imidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver powder slurry and glass slurry further contains plasticizer (0.1-5) and thixotropic agent (0.1-5). The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated caster oil or castor oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The plasticizer is ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of silver nitrate and selenium or tellurium compound is 2:1. The selenium-containing compound is selenium dioxide, sodium selenite or potassium selenite. The tellurium compound is tellurium dioxide, sodium tellurite or potassium tellurite. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or rubidium hydroxide. The alkali concentration is 0.1-0.5 mol/L. The reducing agent is potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride. The substrate contains glass, aluminum oxide, silicon wafer, iron compound, copper compound, titanium compound, gold compound, silver compound, platinum compound, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide or polycarbonate. Preferred Process: The film is washed using deionized water and absolute ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complexing agent is mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the electrode includes a transparent conductive oxide that is selected from indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium Dioxide or stannic oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electron compensation part is made of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, hafnium, stainless steel, copper, silver or niobium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Grinding medium (I) is zirconium ball having a diameter of 1-2 mm and a capacity of 50-95%. The grinding time of individual grinding process is 4-6 hours. The capacity of individual abrasive is 5-80%. The mixing and homogenizing time is 1-4 hours. Grinding medium (II) is zirconium ball having a diameter of 1 mm. The grinding time of individual grinding process is 1 hour. The capacity of mixed homogenate is 5-80%. Grinding medium (III) is zirconium ball having a diameter of 0.4 mm. The capacity of primary abrasive is 5-80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grinding solvents and mixed homogenizing solvent comprise water, alcohol, ester and/or ketone. The dispersing agent is alkylbenzene sulfonate, sulfate, sulfonated glycerophosphate, amino acid salt, phospholipid, Igepon (RTM: N-methyl oleoyl taurate), phosphate, alkyl sulfate, fatty acid, polyethylene oxide, sorbic acid, and/or quaternary ammonium compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate is conductive metal sheet, an indium tin oxide glass, polymer sheet coated with conductive medium, drum-shaped or strip-shaped conductive metal or conductive alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, benzene, cyclohexane, trimethylpentane, cyclopentane, butyl chloride, trichloroethylene, propyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloroethylene, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyalkylthiophene is 3-alkoxyl substituted thiophene or 3,4-dialkyl substituted thiophene. The polyalkoxythiophene is 3-alkoxyl substituted thiophene or 3,4-dialkoxyl substituted thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The particle size of the large-particle titanium dioxide fine grains are 150-300 nm, preferably 200 nm and the particle size of the small-particle titanium dioxide fine grains are 15-30 nm, preferably 20 nm. The large-particle titanium dioxide powder and the ethyl cellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1-5:1 in the step (i). The large-particle titanium dioxide powder and the small-particle titanium dioxide powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:3 in the step (ii). The mixed powder and the ethyl cellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1-5:1 in the step (ii). The drying temperature in the step (iii) and the step (iv) is 120 degrees C. The temperature in the atmosphere furnace in step (v) is 450-500 degrees C, the heating speed is 10 degrees C/minute, and the sintering time is 20-30 minutes. Preferred Method: In the step (iii), ultrasonically washing the transparent conductive glass for three times by acetone, alcohol and deionized water and drying, dipping in titanium trichloride solution with concentration of 40 mmol/l, drying after treating for 30 minutes at 70 degrees C, placing the transparent conductive glass after being treated in the atmosphere furnace at 320-330 degrees C, after preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes, heating to 370-380 degrees C, preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes, heating to 445-455 degrees C again, preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes and finally heating to 500-510 degrees C and preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filtering film layer is made of dielectric material comprising oxide, fluoride, sulfide, nitride, antimonide and selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of styrene and butadiene is 28:72. The thickness of polybutylene terephthalate film base material and pressure-sensitive adhesive coating film, is 0.01-0.05 mm and 0.005-0.02 mm (preferably, 0.01 mm), respectively. The wiring contact adhesion time between elastic coating roller and film, is 0.3-0.8 second, preferably 0.5 second. The adhesion pressure between elastic coating roller and film is 15-20 N. The residual bubble area for adhering film on surface of power battery is less than 3 mm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Anode catalyst and cathode catalyst is mixed with bonding agent, methanol and water in ratio of 1:7:3:3, to obtain anode ink and cathode ink. The obtained anode ink and cathode ink are made to spray on a hydrophilic carbon paper and on a hydrophobic carbon paper, respectively and dried, to obtain anode and cathode. Preferred Composition: The concentration of alcohol and sulfuric acid in the aqueous solution is 0.1-1 ML-1 and 0-2 ML-1, respectively. The conductive glass is the quartz glass coated with the indium tin oxide layer. The film is ion exchange film. The ion exchange film is cathode ion exchange film or proton exchange film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The bonding agent is polypropylene alcohol or proton exchange resin aqueous solution. The content of proton exchange resin aqueous solution is 5-10 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proton exchange membrane in the step (i) is Nafion (RTM: Non-reinforced films based on chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer in the acid form) membrane. The quantity volume rate of ammonium molybdate in the step (iii) and condensed hydrochloric acid is 1 g:8-24 ml. The concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 30-40%. The concentration of sodium borohydride solution in the step (iii) is 0.01-0.3 mol/l. The mass ratio of sodium borohydride and ammonium molybdate is 5-20 ml:1 g. The concentration of hexachloroplatinic acid in the hexachloroplatinic acid ethanediol solution in the step (iv) is 1.93-19.3 mmol/l. The molar ratio of hexachloroplatinic acid and sodium borohydride in the step (iv) is 1:1-10. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises boiling proton exchange membrane in hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 3% for 30-60 minutes, boiling in 1mol/l of sulfuric acid at 30-60 minutes after washing with distilled water, and again washing with distilled water. The step (ii) comprises mixing vinyl benzene and water according to the mass ratio of 1:6-8, adding beta -cyclodextrin, which is 10-20% of vinyl benzene quantity and potassium peroxydisulfate, which is 1-5% of vinyl benzene quantity in the mixing process, then filling nitrogen, heating to 60-90 degrees C, reacting for 8-12 hours, then cooling and mixing to obtain polyvinyl benzene latex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano oxide is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide or tin oxide. The ferroelectric powder is barium titanate. The lithium compound is lithium aluminate or lithium nitride. Preferred Property: The nano oxide has particle diameter of 5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nano filler is ultrasonically dispersed in solvent chosen from 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone-butanone, dimethylformamide-water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, stirred and methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate is added at 30-120 degrees C for 0.5-12 hours, to obtain emulsion. The obtained emulsion is centrifugally separated, and solid is washed with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, to obtain modified nano filler. Preferred Components: The solvent is aprotic and nonpolar solvent, preferably benzene, toluene, diethyl ether or carbon tetrachloride. The mass ratio of nano filler and methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate is 10:1-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The diameter of the reaction column is 80-100 mm, and the reaction column is 1000 mm high. The photosynthetic autotrophic bacterial filler is polyethylene photosynthetic autotrophic bacterial filler. The photosynthetic autotrophs are green sulfur bacteria. The light compensating lamp is installed parallel with the reaction column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (B) is petroleum-based resin and/or hydrogenated terpene-type resin. The resin composition contains component (A) (50-90), component (B) (5-50) and acidic radical-containing olefin polymer (C) (1-20). The component (C) is ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its metal salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In manufacturing the barrier film, the process of performing the surface treatment is a process of irradiating a UV light longer wavelength than the wavelength of vacuum-UV light. The process of irradiating the long wavelength UV light is a process using a low pressure mercury vapor lamp to irradiate. The process of performing the surface treatment is a process of irradiating an IR-light, where the process of irradiating the IR-light is carried out to the surface opposite side of the base material which has this coating film. The process of performing the surface treatment is a process of exposing a coating film to the gas which has as a main component gas which does not absorb vacuum-UV light. Moreover, 95 vol.% or more of a composition of the gas which has as a main component gas which does not absorb the vacuum-UV light is nitrogen. The vacuum-UV light is the irradiated light by a xenon excimer lamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second sublayer is a film made of plastics based on ethyl vinyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A surface of the spread fabric is treated with acrylic resin or with a mixture of acrylic resin and fluorinated resin (polyvinylidene fluoride) or with fluorinated resin. The first sublayer is a film of plastics based on thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers or a film made of plastics based on thermoplastic polyolefins. The intermediate third sublayer is a film made of plastics based on polytetrafluoroethylene polymers or based on ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The layers of plastics are made of a material consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyacrylate, synthetic rubber or other similar and equivalent plastic materials. The first protective outer layer is made of plastics based on ethyl vinyl acetate. The second protective outer layer is made of plastics based on polymers of polytetrafluoroethylene or polymers of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The metal alkoxide is compound of formula YM(OR)3, YRM(OR)2, or YR2M(OR). The base films are laminated film which are bonded together with silane type adhesive agent. The copolymer layer comprises UV-ray scattering agent and/or UV absorber. The base film consists of greater than or equal to 1 layers of inorganic oxide vapor deposition film. The material of base film is polyester-type resin, polyolefin-type resin, polystyrene-type resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, and/or polyacrylonitrile resin.M=metal;R=alkyl group; andY=ureido group or isocyanate group.Preferred Composition: The compounding quantities of ethylene-type resin component B with respect to 100 weight part of acrylic resin component A are 1-99 weight part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A metal catalytic layer, an organic compound support layer (31), oxide layer and adhesion layer are formed on the surface of substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The adhesion layer is formed using low density polyethylene, low molecular weight polymer, or ultraviolet or infrared curable polymer. The substrate contains polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The vinyl acetal-type polymer is obtained by saponifying copolymer of vinyl-ester type monomer and polymerizable monomer having cationic functional group, and acetalizing. The acetalization is carried out using compound (a) chosen from 1-15C aliphatic aldehyde, hemiacetal compound of 1-15C aliphatic aldehyde, acetalized product of 1-15C aliphatic aldehyde, 7-20C aromatic aldehyde, hemiacetal compound of 7-20C aromatic aldehyde, acetalized product of 7-20C aromatic aldehyde, aldehyde having cationic functional group, hemiacetal compound of aldehyde having cationic functional group, and acetalized product of aldehyde having cationic functional group. Preferred Group: The cationic functional group is chosen from quaternary ammonium group, imidazolium group, pyridinium group, phosphonium group, and sulfonium group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The colored layer further contains 5-50 %mass of crosslinking agent with respect to content of primary binder. The easy adhesion layer further contains 5-50 %mass of crosslinking agent with respect to content of secondary binder. Preferred Properties: The adhesive force of back sheet with respect to sealing material at 120 degrees C after maintaining for 48 hours under relative humidity of 100%, is 75% or more with respect to adhesive force of sealing material before storage. The reflectance of light having wavelength of 550 nm on a surface of the back sheet, is 75% or more. Preferred Components: The pigment is white pigment. The polymer substrate comprises polyester having carboxy group content of 35 equivalent/ton or less. The primary coating liquid further contains solvent. The solvent (60 %mass or more) in primary coating liquid is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding organic additive to sol lacquer and mixing, before applying on the thin aluminum metal sheet. Preferred Composition: The coating comprises mixture of two sols. The sol is aqueous sol comprising metal oxide chosen from cerium oxide and nitrate, and nano-alumina, tin oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or silica. The pigment is manganese ferrite black (Mn3Cu2FeO8). The sol comprises 15-25% of cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive is styrene-acrylate copolymer, copolymer of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyurethane and/or polymethacrylate, or polyester-acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The pencil hardness of cured coating film layer surface measured at crosslinking degree of 80-99% is more than B. The coating composition contains hydroxyl-containing fluorine polymer, an isocyanate hardening agent, and organometallic group hardening adjuvant or pigment. The amount of adjuvant with respect to 1 mol of isocyanate group of hardening agent is 0.001-10 millimoles. The amount of pigment with respect to 1 part mass of hydroxyl-containing fluorine polymer is 0.84-3 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The microparticles are titanium dioxide microparticles having rutile type titanium oxide as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus compound is phosphonic acid-type compound and/or phosphinic acid-type compound, preferably of formulae: P(=O)R1'(OR2')(OR3') and P(=O)R1'R4'(OR2'). Alternately, the phosphorus compound has phenol portion in same molecule.R1',R4'=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy, halo, alkoxy or amino, preferably group having aromatic ring structure;andR2',R3'=R1' excluding halo or amino.Preferred Agent: The crosslinking agent is melamine-type crosslinking agent, isocyanate-type crosslinking agent, carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent and/or oxazoline-type crosslinking agent. The content of crosslinking agent is 5-90 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyester film is formed by laminating a polyester layer (skin layer) containing several cavities originating in the microparticles having average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m, and a polyester layer (core layer) containing cavities originating in a thermoplastic resin incompatible with polyester. The polyester film contains polyester obtained by polymerizing using polycondensation catalyst containing aluminum salt of phosphorus compound, and hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (I).R1,R2=H or 1-30C hydrocarbyl;R3=H, 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy or alkoxy;R4=R3 or carbonyl;l,n=1 or more;m=0 or 1 or more;andl+m=4 or less.Preferred Properties: The white polyester film has several fine cavities and apparent specific gravity of 0.7-1.3. The polyester film has breaking elongation retention half life in heat-resistant test of 700 hours or more at 160 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic sheet is made up of one or more of the materials such as polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), polyethersulfone (PES), steel reinforced polymer (SRP), polyamide, polyether imide (PEI), phenoxy and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The terminals of the anode and the cathode are doped with cobalt. The anode and cathode formed of zirconium metal isotopes (96Zr, 94Zr, 93Zr, 92Zr, 91Zr, 90Zr, 89Zr, 88Zr).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nanotubes and the dielectric materials are collectively placed in the form of slurry with the nanotubes dispersed in the polymer dielectric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The vacuum pressure for vacuum treatment is -6 to -15 MP. The processing time for vacuum treatment is 10-60 minutes. The temperature for heat treatment is 110-130 degrees C and the time for heat treatment is 20-30 minutes. Preferred Components: The heat-shrinkable film layer includes multiple layers of co-extrusion polyolefin heat-shrinkable film layers. The heat-shrinkable film layer covers the back surface of the substrate and is adhered to the front surface of the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The particles of incombustible material comprise nano clay which is layered silicate, water-containing magnesium silicate, and/or calcium carbonate. The particles are obtained by interlayer insertion of distearyldimethylammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material composition contains grafted polyethylene obtained by graft-polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated silane compound and polyethylene, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer further contains ceramics including silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-sealing layer contains olefin resin having density of 0.8-0.915.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains perfluoroalkyl group-containing compound of formula: Z+.N-(SO2F)(X"-R").Z+=organic cation;X"=-SO2- or -CO-;andR"=optionally substituted 1-4C perfluoroalkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic composition further contains a polymeric compound, and inorganic fine particles. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 20 Lithium-containing compounds are disclosed e.g. lithium (trifluoromethyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide of formula (Ia), lithium (trifluoroethyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium (trifluoropropyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium (trifluorobutyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium (trifluoroacetyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide.    EXAMPLE - Trifluoromethane sulfonamide (in g) (35) was dissolved in dehydrated methanol (250 ml). To the mixture, solution (100 ml) of t-butoxy lithium (18.8) was dripped and reacted at 50 degrees C for 2 hours. The solvent was distilled from the reaction mixture to obtain lithium salt of trifluoromethane sulfonamide. Lithium salt of trifluoromethane sulfonamide, solution (1000 ml) formed by dissolving disulfuryl fluoride (42.8) in dehydrated ether (100 ml) was added and reacted. The reaction mixture was cooled, washed and dried to obtain lithium (trifluoromethyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide (53.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin sheet contains polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomeric unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amorphous silicon layer is amorphous silicon layer doped with boron atoms and phosphor atoms. The aluminum film back sheet electrode layer is aluminum layer or aluminum-silver alloy layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer is vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer layer or polyvinyl butyral resin layer. The primary sealing adhesive layer is hot molten glue containing polyisobutylene and polyisoprene as main component. The adhesive layer is organic silicone sealing adhesive, acetate-ethylene copolymer sealing adhesive, polyethylene chloride sealing adhesive, polyurethane sealing adhesive or polysulfide sealing adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The molybdenum source is molybdenum trioxide or ammonium molybdate. The sulfur source is thioacetamide or thiourea. The alkali metal is sodium metal or lithium metal. The anion is chlorine (Cl-), bromine (Br-), iodine (I-), chlorate (ClO4-), boron tetrafluoride (BF4-), antimony hexafluoride (SbF6-), CF3SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N- or CF3COO-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The current collector is foam copper, foam nickel, copper sheet or aluminum sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The granular nanolevel magnesium is prepared by adding naphthalene and alkali metals to ether solvent to prepare mixed solution; adding anhydrous magnesium chloride and 1,2-dimethyl-3-alkyl imidazole salt, and stirring for 4-48 hours; and separating reaction product, washing with ether, and obtaining target product after drying. Preferred Materials: The ether solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane or glycol dimethyl ether. The alkyl in 1,2-dimethyl-3-alkyl imidazole salt is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, butyl or isobutyl. The electrolyte is ether solution of Grignard derivative which is Mg(AlX(3-n)Rn',R'n")m(AlX'3-n'"R"n""R'"n'"")2-m type coordination compound. The electrolyte solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane or glycol dimethyl ether.X=Cl or Br;R=Me, Et, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl, naphthyl, p-alkyl naphthyl or m-alkyl naphthyl;n=0-3;andm=0-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The binder is PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)amide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide and/or lithium bis(oxalato)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is carbonate based organic solvent comprising a mixture of chain carbonate and cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, polyethylene carbonate and/or butylene carbonate. The chain carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and/or dipropyl carbonate. The non-aqueous liquid electrolyte further comprises vinylene carbonate and/or sultone compound. The sultone compound is 1,3-propane sultone Preferred Property: The content of the difluorotoluene compound (I) is 0.1-20 weight%, preferably 1-15 weight% based on the total weight of the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The IPMC is a base polymer Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), and a polystyrene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat-resistant organic polymer is selected from a group consisting of polycarbonate, polyester, polyimide, polyether imide, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, amorphous polyolefin, acrylic resin, and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent (5-90 mass%) is chosen from melamine type crosslinking agent, isocyanate type crosslinking agent, carbodiimide type crosslinking agent and oxazoline type crosslinking agent. The phosphorus compound is phosphorus compound which has phenol part of formulae P(=O)-R1(OR2)(OR3) and P(=O)R1R4(OR2), phosphonic acid type compound and phosphinic acid type compound.R1,R4=1-50C hydrocarbon group which contains H, 1-50C hydrocarbon group, OH, halo, alkoxyl, or NH2; andR2,R3=1-50C hydrocarbon group which contains H, 1-50C hydrocarbon group, OH or alkoxyl group. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R4=group which has aromatic ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus compound is chosen from phosphonic acid-type compound and phosphinic acid-type compound, preferably compound of formula: P(=O)R1R4(OR2). The phosphorus compound has phenol portion in same molecule, and is chosen from compound of formula: P(=O)R1'(OR2')(OR3') or P(=O)R1'R4'(OR2').R1,R4=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing alkoxy, hydroxy, halo or amino, and including alicyclic structure or aromatic ring structure, preferably group having aromatic ring structure;R2,R3=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy or alkoxy, and including alicyclic structure or aromatic ring structure;R1'=1-50C hydrocarbyl containing phenol portion, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl containing hydroxy, halo, alkoxy or amino, and phenol portion;R4'=H or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy, halo, amino or alkoxy;R2',R3'=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy or alkoxy;andR2'+R4'=ring.The polycondensation catalyst contains phosphorus-containing compound of formula (I).X1,X2=H or 1-30C hydrocarbyl;X3=H or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy or alkoxy;X4=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hydroxy, alkoxy or carbonyl;l-n=1 or more;andl+m=4 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyester film has breaking elongation retention half life of 700 hours or more in heat-resistant test, density of 1.38-1.41 g/cm3, thermal contraction rate of -0.5% or more and 2% or less in longitudinal direction and width direction, preferably -0.5% or more and 0.5% or less, and MOR-C value of 1-2 when thickness is converted into 50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total amount of component (b) and component (c) is 0.5-10 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of component (a) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, preferably 4-50 mass parts of the component (c) with respect to 100 mass parts of components (b). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The metal foil layer is aluminum foil. The surface of metal foil layer is chromium-treated. The container has a cover material on flanged tray-shaped container formed by press molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The microparticles are rutile type titanium dioxide microparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The phosphorus compound is phosphonic acid type compound and/or phosphinic acid type compound, preferably of formula: P(=O)R1(OR2)(OR3) and/or P(=O)R1R4(OR2). The phosphorus compound has a phenol portion in the molecule. The polycondensation catalyst contains aluminum salt of phosphorus compound, of formula (I).R1,R4=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, halo, alkoxy or amino, preferably group having aromatic ring structure;R2,R3=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or alkoxy;R11,R12=H or 1-30C hydrocarbyl;R13=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or alkoxy;R14=H, or 1-50C hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or carbonyl;l,n=1 or more;m=0, or 1 or more;and(l+m)=4 or less.(i) The terminal of R2 and R4 may be bonded; and (ii) The hydrocarbon group optionally includes alicyclic structure and aromatic ring structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The white polyester film has fine cavities inside and an apparent specific gravity of 0.7-1.3. A polyester layer (skin layer) containing cavities produced by the microparticles, and a polyester layer (core layer) containing cavities produced by thermoplastic resin incompatible with polyester are laminated. The breaking elongation retention half life of the white polyester film in heat-resistant test at 160 degrees C is 700 hours or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic chelated titanium complex contains an organic chelated titanium complex having citric acid or citric acid salt as a ligand. The pentavalent phosphoric acid ester contains phosphoric acid ester having 2C or less alkyl as substituent. The organic chelated titanium complex, the magnesium compound and the phosphoric acid ester are added such that Z value is 0-5, preferably 1.5-5. The Z value satisfies relation given by: Z=5x (P content (ppm)/atomic weight of P)-2x (Mg content (ppm)/atomic weight of Mg)-4x (Ti content (ppm)/atomic weight of Ti). The addition amount of each of titanium complex, magnesium compound and pentavalent phosphoric acid ester is 70 %mass or more of the total addition amount. The phosphoric acid ester is added before initiation of depressurization for carrying out the condensation polymerization reaction. Preferred Properties: The b value measured after fabrication of resin composition into pellets is 4 or less. The rate of color tone change when the pellets are retained in a molten state at 300 degrees C is 0.15 or less. The content of magnesium atoms is 50 ppm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The PV cell is based on indium-phosphide (InP) or indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphide (InGaAsP).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper clad layer, the dye layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer are composed of fluorinated polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer is glycidyl methacrylate. The aromatic vinyl monomer is styrene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy-modified polyolefin type-resin composition is obtained by melt-kneading (in parts weight) polyolefin-type resin (100), epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer (1-30) and aromatic vinyl monomer (1-30). The polyolefin-type resin is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene and propylene-ethylene copolymer, preferably propylene-ethylene copolymer having ethylene content of 5-15 weight%. The vapor deposition polyester film has vapor deposition layer containing silica and/or alumina, and polymeric-type layer containing polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and having water-vapor permeability of 0.0001-1.0 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%. The backsheet further has weather-resistance film containing resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene fluoride, polyethylene difluoride, polymethyl methacrylate and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method the polymer and catalyst are chemically bonded to each other before allowing the coating to become exposed to the fluid. Preferred Components: The fluid comprises hydrogen gas or methanol. The catalyst comprises palladium or a compound having palladium. The polymer comprises a polymer backbone and a side chain attached to the polymer backbone, where at least part of the side chain detaches from the polymer and the odorant forms from the detached portion of the side chain. The coating further comprises: a chemical that produces a detectable color change as a result of an acid-base reaction after the coating is exposed to the fluid, where the chemical comprises an acid-base indicator; and a chemical that produces a detectable color change as a result of a redox reaction after the coating is exposed to the fluid. The polymer backbone comprises: a polymer backbone and a side chain attached to the polymer backbone, where the odorant forms from the polymer backbone; and olefins, where the side chain reacts with fluid and then detaches from the polymer and forms a catalyst that reacts with polymer backbone and fluid to depolymerize the polymer backbone and form odorant molecules or odorant molecule precursors from the polymer backbone. The polymer is of formula (I) or (II).P1 = polymer backbone;X = isobutyrate group, (3R,4S)-4-((S)-1-carboxy-ethyl)-3-methoxy-cyclohex-1-enyl, -NH(CH2)4NH2, or -NH(CH2)5NH2;n = an integer greater than 1; andR = 1-20C aryl or 1-20C alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The TiO2 sol is prepared by titanium alcohol ester, which is tetraethyl titanate, isopropyl titanate or butyl titanate, via sol-gel method. The grain size is 5-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive dye is linked (or pyridyl) series photoactive dye including carboxylic acid linked pyridyl dye and phosphonic acid linked pyridyl dye. The solvent is polyol soluble to water and water soluble heteroatom organic compound selected from ethanol, glycol, diethylene glycol, tri ethyleneglycol, glycerin, 2- pyrrolidone, N-methyl pyrrolidone and/or polyethylene glycol. The additive includes surface tension regulating agent and pH regulating agent. The surface tension regulating agent is anionic surfactant and/or non-ionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant includes 8-18C alkyl sulfate and fatty benzene sulfonate, which is sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The non-ionic surfactant is OP-10 (RTM: surfactant), Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), Span 60 (RTM: sorbitan monostearate), Tx-10 (RTM: surfactant), and/or Peregal O (RTM: emulsifying agent). The pH regulating agent includes acetic acid, ammonia water, diethanol amine and triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second polyvinyl fluoride film layer is disposed between the polyvinyl fluoride film layer and the polyethylene terephthalate film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor of noble metal is silver nitrate, gold chloride tetrahydrate, dihydrogentetrachloropalladate(II) or hexachloroplatinate(IV) hydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The core material is polystyrene foam, and the surface is wrapped via glass fiber reinforced plastics skin that is formed via fiber glass fabric and resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar transparent covering is made of polymer such as polyethylene, acrylic, polycarbonate, Mylar (RTM: polyester film), fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, poly methyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephtalate or fiber reinforced polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The portion of particles comprises graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers comprises iodide anionic exchange polymer. The cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers comprises sodium ion cationic exchange polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic polyol: has an average number of hydroxy-functional monomer units per polymer chain of 3-6; has a Mn of 3000-7000 (preferably 3000-50000), and 10-20% residues of hydroxy-containing acrylic monomer; comprises polymerized residues of 5-12C alkyl(meth)acrylate (65-95 wt.%) and polymerized residues hydroxy-containing acrylic monomer (5-35 wt.%). The aliphatic polyisocyanate has an average functionality of 2-4. EXAMPLE - Ethylhexyl acrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer (50 g), dibutyltin diacetate (catalyst) (0.0025 g), and optional photostabilizer were mixed under vacuum at 60 degrees C, until no bubbles were observed. Dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (7.62 g) was added and the formulation was mixed under vacuum for 3 minutes. The first three (or two, if no photopackage) ingredients were degassed at 60 degrees C and the isocyanate was pumped separately at a stoichiometric ratio into an in-line static mixer with 24 mixing elements. Then the mixture was coated onto a glass plate using a drawdown bar. This plate was placed in an oven at 90 degrees C for 1 hour. Subsequently, a second coating of the liquid encapsulant was made over this partially cured layer. Single crystal silicon solar cell (12.7 cm) with front and rear bus ribbons was placed face down on the wet encapsulant, and a third coating made over the backside of the solar cell. An ethylene vinyl acetate/polyethylene terephthalate/TEDLAR (RTM: Polyvinyl fluoride) backsheet film was placed ethylene vinyl acetate side down on the wet encapsulant, and any air bubbles removed using a rubber roller. The laid-up solar module was placed in an oven and cured overnight at 90C to give the cured photovoltaic module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The base material is a biaxially stretched polyethylene naphthalate film having thickness of 12-250 mu m and thermal contraction rate of 0.2-1% along machine direction according to JIS-C2318.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The liquid metal comprises an alloy of gallium with one or more of indium, bismuth, antimony, tin and lead. The interposer gasket comprise an adherence layer comprising one or more of titanium, chromium, stainless steel, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and vanadium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The photosynthetic organism is chosen from Rhodospirillaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Rhodobiaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae. The Rhodobacteraceae is Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. Preferred Medium: The growth medium comprises a single carbon source. The single carbon source is succinate, propionate or glucose. The growth medium is limited for fixed nitrogen source.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The light-admitting reaction chamber comprises a material chosen from glass, quartz and plastic. The light-admitting reaction chamber further comprises a vent for emitting gas produced within the reaction chamber. The oxidation catalyst comprises chlorplatinate and titanium dioxide. The anode is optically transparent. The anode comprises glass coated with conductant. The conductant is tin oxide, indium tin oxide, titanium dioxide or their mixtures. The cathode comprises a material chosen from carbon and graphite. The cathode is an air cathode, which is permeable to oxygen gas. The cathode is permeable to nitrogen gas. The oxidation catalyst is platinum. The reduction-catalyst is chosen from platinum-titanium dioxide mixture, Co-tetra-methyl phenylporphyrin (CoTMPP) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc). The reaction chamber allows passage of wavelengths of light (600-1000 nm). The anode is carbon or graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sponge rubber is made of durable and weather resistant soft rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The structure comprises oxide layer deposited on a layer of a polymer support (polymer-MOX) different from the composition of fluoropolymer and ZnO, the polymer support can be a fluoropolymer or polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. The structure comprises a stack of n layers (polymer-MOX) with n of 2-10. The structure further comprises a transparent and rigid polymer layer such as poly-methyl methacrylate or polycarbonate. The structure further comprises a layer containing a polymer comprising polyolefins. Preferred Components: The mass proportion of ZnO is 0.1-0.95%, preferably 0.6-0.9%. The size of ZnO particles is 25-40 nm, preferably 30-35 nm. The ZnO particles have a surface treatment, e.g. the particles are coated with silane. The ZnO particles have a size of 30-35 nm and the mass content of the filler is 0.6-0.9%. The layer of the composition has a thickness of 10-100 mu m, preferably 20-80 mu m. The oxide layer has a thickness of 70-110 nm. The oxide layer is deposited directly on the layer of the fluoropolymer composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition is free of acrylic polymers. Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer is a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or a vinylidene difluoride copolymer and at least one other fluoromonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and zinc oxide, where the mass content of the filler is 15-30%. Preferred Components: The fluorinated polymer is a vinylidene difluoride homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene difluoride and at least one other fluorinated monomer, preferably PVDF. The film has a thickness of 10-50 mu m. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in %): Kynar 740 (RTM: Polyvinylidene fluoride) (60); and zinc oxide (40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The middle part is made of organic glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive pole of the simulated battery is lithium iron phosphate, cobalt acid lithium, lithium manganese oxide, manganese-nickel-cobalt, and aluminum-nickel-cobalt lithium ion secondary battery positive pole materials. The negative pole comprises natural graphite, synthetic graphite, silicon, and/or metallic oxide negative pole material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The material of the end part comprises iron, copper, aluminum, metal, and/or non-metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The connection position between the middle part and the end part is sealed through a silica gel sealing ring and a PTFE film. The middle part is made of PTFE, nylon, or polypropylene
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric strips are made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyetheretherketone, polyimide and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises metal oxide, metal halides, or metal nitride. The photoinitiator comprises free radical initiators, cationic photo initiators, or metallocenes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) has a viscosity of 1-100000 cps. The filler is present at 5-15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin monomer has a structure of formula (CH2=C(-R2)-C(=O)-O-R1). The epoxy resin monomer has a structure of formula (A). The silicone resin monomer has a structure of formula (R1aa-Si(R1a)(R1aaa)-R2-O-C(=O)-C(=CH2)-R3).R1a, R1aa, R1aaa, R1, R2, R3 = 1-12C alkyl, tert-butyl, 1-12C ester, 1-12C alkanol or 1-12C cyclo-alkoxy. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g): benzyl methacrylate (117); methyl methacrylate (86); 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (130); silicon oxide (39); and photoinitiator 1-184 (1-hydroxy cyclohexylbenzophenone) (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The diol monomer having ionic group is of formula (I).M3,M4,a3,a4=not defined.N.B. M3,M4,a3,a4 are not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The imide-modified elastomer is obtained by chain-extending urethane prepolymer having isocyanate group in both terminals of a molecule obtained using diisocyanate and polyol having urea bond, with diamine compound, and introducing imide unit into the urea-bond portion of tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Preferred Composition: The polyol is polyester polyol and/or polycarbonate polyol. The polyester polyol is polyester diol of formula: HO-(CH2CH2CH(-CH3)CH2CH2OC(=O)-(CH2)8-C(=O)-O)xCH2CH2CH(-CH3)CH2CH2-OH. The carbonate polyol is polycarbonate diol of formula: OH((CH2)y-OC(=O)O)z(CH2)y-OH. The elastomer is supported by heat-resistant fiber. The heat-resistant fiber is glass fiber.x=1-37;y=5 or 6;andz=1-76.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion conductive polymer contained in buffer layer contains organic group-containing repeating units of formulae: -(CH2-CHR1-O)n-, -(CH2-CHR1-O)l-B'(-O-CH2-CHR1-)n(-O-CH2-CHR1-)m- and/or -(X)p-Z-(O-CH2-CHR1)n-.R1=H or organic group containing carbon, hydrogen or oxygen;l,m,n,p=integer;Z=ester bond, ether bond or SiR3R4-;R3,R4=alkyl or alkoxy;andX=-CH2-CH=CH-CH2- or -CH2-CH(-CH=CH2)-.Preferred Property: The buffer layer has thickness of 5-7.5x 102 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar-battery packaging film contains (in parts weight) ethylene vinyl acetate resin (100), antioxidant (0.5), peroxide (1.5), binding agent (1), nucleating agent (1), coupling agent (1.5) and light stabilizer (0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The transparent conductive substrate is glass, or flexible substrate with indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and/or antimony-doped zinc oxide conductive layer. The thickness of cathode decorative layer is 0.1-1 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent of solution of cesium acetate cathode decorative layer is anhydrous ethanol. The concentration of cesium acetate is 0.01-0.5 mg/ml of ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is quartz granule, mica granule, and/or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone, divinylbenzene, trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate, and/or triallyl cyanurate. It is at 0.3-1 wt.%, based on the composition (C1). The composition (C1) further comprises filler, light stabilizer, and solvent. The light stabilizer is bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and/or 1-(methyl)-8-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate. The solvent is methyl benzene, o-xylene, butanone, acetone, ethyl acetate, and/or butyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The composition (C1) includes (wt.%) polyester (I) (30-40), filler (0.3-1), light stabilizer (0.3-1), and solvent (58-70). It further comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (15-25 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In synthesizing step of the TDI adduct, the first insulating temperature is 65-75 degrees C and the insulating time is 3 hours; the second insulating temperature is 100-120 degrees C and the insulating time is 3 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molecular weight of the elastic polyester in the gel coat is 2100-2400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The density of the coal-water slurry additive at 20 degrees C is 1.14-1.33 g/ml. The raw materials for the preparation of the coal-water slurry additive are (in parts by weight) alkali lignin (5-20), melamine (6.5-15.5), formaldehyde (19-34), an additive (1-3), a sulfonating agent (10-18), a catalyst (0.1-0.8), a chain transfer agent (0.3-1), an acidic regulator (0.1-1.5), an alkaline regulator (0.2-0.8) and water (25-50). The additive is thiourea, dicyandiamide, urea, formamide, acetamide, acrylamide, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylene pentamine and/or phenylenediamine. The catalyst is hydrogen peroxide/aluminum chloride, hydrogen peroxide/copper nitrate, potassium permanganate/ferrous sulfate, sodium hypochlorite and/or potassium persulfate/aluminum chloride. The chain transfer agent is methanol, sodium formate, propanol, urea and/or isopropanol. The acidic regulator is sulfamic acid, gluconic acid, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, maleic acid and/or succinic acid. The alkaline regulator is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium dipolyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraborate and/or sodium polyphosphate. Preferred Method: The alkali lignin is obtained by pulping Pennisetum hydridum, Achnatherum splendens, rhynchophylla, oak, poplar, reed, Eucalyptus, birch and/or masson pine into black liquor by alkaline method or sulfate method, settling, separating and extracting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The calendaring process has two levels of calendaring processes and uses three calendaring rollers for calendaring, where the first calendaring roller is set at 65-75 degrees C, the second calendaring roller is set at 55-65 degrees C, and the third calendaring roller is set at 45-55 degrees C. The sheet film sent out from the die is sent between the first and second calendaring rollers for first calendaring process. The film for carrying out the first calendaring process is guided between the second and third calendaring rollers for the second calendaring process. The accumulated material between the first calendaring roller and the second calendaring roller is controlled at 10-15 mm. The accumulated material between the second calendaring roller and the third calendaring roller is controlled at 5-8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is silica micro-powder. The content of filler is 20 parts weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy resin is 70 parts weight. The content of imidazole is 4 parts weight. The content of diethylene glycol is 4 parts weight. The content of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) is 4 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate hardening agent is aliphatic-type isocyanate, alicyclic isocyanate or their trimers. The polyester polyol contains dicarboxylic acid as monomer component. The content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid in dicarboxylic acid is 30-90 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester urethane resin is formed using polyester polyol, organic diisocyanate and chain extender as reaction component. The white base material is formed by providing white ink layer on white resin film (2). Preferred Property: The white base material has thickness of 10-30 mu m. The adhesive layer has loss tangent of 0.4-0.8 in dynamic-viscoelasticity spectrum at 85 degrees C and frequency of 1 Hz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chemical silver plating liquid contains silver ion, complex compound, reducing agent and additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass article has ultraviolet light transmission rate TUV380 computed according to ISO9050 of 2% or less and light transmittance of more than 70% in the wavelength of 550 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound has more than 2 benzotriazolyl-containing functional group of formula (II) in a molecule. The compound contains two functional groups (II) bonded by 3C or less alkylene group. The organic compound is of formula (III).R1,R2=1-20C optionally branched alkyl.The ultraviolet ray shielding film further contains organic compound chosen from polyether compound, polyol compound, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl caprolactam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fumaric acid diester-type resin consists of 50 mol% or more of fumaric acid diester-type residue unit of formula: -C(-C(=O)-O-R1)(-H)-C(-H)-(C(=O)-O-R2)-. The transparent film consists of fumaric acid diester-type resin (50-99 wt.%) and organopolysiloxane (50-1 wt.%) having cyclic ether group.R1,R2=1-12C linear or branched alkyl or 3-6C cycloalkyl.Preferred Properties: The transparent film has thickness of 10-500 mu m, total light transmittance of 85% or more, haze of 2% or less and heat wire coefficient of expansion of 80 ppm/ degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The tray is made of aluminum which is anodized or coated with a thin layer of heat and chemical resistant material such as Teflon (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A fluorene-type compound of formula (IV) is polymerized in presence of transition metal catalyst to obtain high molecular compound containing piperidine-containing repeating unit (IIa). Preferred Composition: The compound (I) is high molecular compound containing piperidine-containing repeating unit of formula (II) and aromatic repeating unit of formula: -(Ar1-(CR11=CR12)n)- (III). The piperidine-containing repeating unit (II) is preferably (IIa). The repeating unit (III) is preferably cyclic repeating unit of formula (IIIa). The repeating unit (IIIa) is preferably fluorene-type repeating unit of formula (IIIb).Ar1=arylene or bivalent hydrocyclyl (both optionally substituted);R11,R12=H, alkyl, aryl, monovalent heterocyclyl or cyano (all optionally substituted);n=0 or 1;ring A, ring B=aromatic hydrocarbyl ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring (both optionally substituted);A2=coupling group. EXAMPLE - (In g) 2,7-bis(1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-9,9-di-n-octyl fluorene (2.101), 2,7-bis((4-bromophenyl)(4-methylphenyl)amino)-9,9-di(n-octyl) fluorene (3.644), palladium acetate (2.7 mg), tris(o-tolyl) phosphine (29.6 mg), trioctyl methyl-ammonium chloride (0.517) and toluene (40 ml) were mixed, and heated at 90 degrees C to obtain liquid mixture. Sodium carbonate (17.5 wt.%) aqueous solution (10.9 ml) was added to the obtained liquid mixture, and refluxed for 6 hours, then phenyl boric acid (0.1) was added, and refluxed for 2 hours. Diethyl dithiacarbamate aqueous solution was added, stirred at 85 degrees C for 1 hour and cooled to obtain deposit. The obtained deposit was dissolved in toluene (120 mL), and purified using silica gel chromatography. The purified deposit was filtrated and dried to obtain high molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Nanoparticle or nano-sheet of gold or gold alloy are further supported to the carbon support or thin particles-supported carbon support. Preferred Properties: The nanoparticles of nano-sheet of gold or gold alloy have particle diameter of 1-50 nm, thickness of 1-10 nm. The thin-particles have thickness of 5 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The catalyst particles contain platinum. The layered ruthenium acid compound is layered potassium ruthenate. The atomic ratio ruthenium with respect to noble metal contained in catalyst particles is 0.01-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light adjusting layer comprises aluminum nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, and/or calcium carbonate. The inorganic compound semiconductor cell is group III-V compound semiconductor cell, group II-VI compound semiconductor cell, group I-III-VI compound semiconductor cell, or copper-zinc-tin sulfide compound semiconductor cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thin film is transparent, translucent or opaque. The single surface of substrate in thin film comprises light adjusting layer. The two surfaces of substrate in thin film are respectively provided with light adjusting layer. Preferred Component The light dispersing additives is glass, metal oxide, and/or plastic. The plastic is acrylate resin, styrene resin, polyurethane resin, and/or silicone resin. The fluororesin comprises copolymer of fluorine-containing olefin monomer and alkylethylene ether monomer. The substrate comprises polyester resin, polyacrylate resin, polyolefin resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose triacetate, and/or polylactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Teflon is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene and has basic structure of -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-. The Nafion ion exchange resin has formula (I).X=not less than 1;Y'=not less than 0;Z=1-3; andn=not less than 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process in (b) also comprises uniformly dissolving the P-type doped nano carbon tube and the adhesive into a solvent to obtain the uniform sizing agent, uniformly coating the sizing agent into a polyester film, preparing into the P-type doped nano carbon tube containing film positive pole current collector; uniformly dissolving the N-type doped nano carbon tube and the adhesive into a solvent to obtain the uniform sizing agent, uniformly coating the sizing agent onto the P-type doped nano carbon tube containing film positive pole current collector, obtaining the P-type doped nano carbon tube and N-type doped nano carbon tube containing film positive pole current collector; and uniformly dissolving the positive pole active material, the conducting agent, and adhesive into a solvent to obtain the uniform sizing agent, and coating the size agent into the P-type doped nano carbon tube and N-type doped nano carbon tube containing film positive pole current collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The copper-indium-aluminum alloy prefabricating layer has thickness of 0.5-5 mu m. Preferred Component: The flexible substrate is polyimide/molybdenum foil, stainless steel foil, aluminum foil, gold foil and copper foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diaphragm has water-soluble metallic salt content of 0.5-10 pts. wt./100 pts. wt. of porous composite film. The water-soluble metallic salt is phosphate, hydrochloride, sulfate and/or nitrate of metal elements of Group IVB, preferably zirconium phosphate. The porous anion exchange film has ion exchange capacity of 0.3-0.5 mmol hydrogen ion/g, and ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange source of 1-1.5 mmol hydrogen ion/g. The water-soluble metallic salt is generated by contacting porous composite film with zirconium oxychloride solution (0.01-1 mol/l) for 0.5-5 hours, dipping in phosphoric acid solution (5-10 wt.%) for 12-30 hours. The volume ratio of the composite film to zirconium oxychloride solution is 1:5-100. The volume ratio of porous composite film and phosphoric acid solution is 1:5-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous anion exchange film substrate is PTFE, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether sulfone, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene or polyaniline. The ion exchange source is Nafion (RTM: perfluoro-sulfonic acid polymer) (0.5-4.5 pts. wt.).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The branched polyol includes a branch point from which at least three chains emanate, each chain having a number average molecular weight of 100-750. Each chain has a functionality of at least 1. The branched polyol is a blend of a first branched polyol and a second branched polyol. The branched polyol is glycerol propoxylate. The branched polyol is a polyether polyol. The polyisocyanate is an aromatic polyisocyanate having a functionality of at least 2. The branched polyol has a functionality of at least 3. The composite structure is a component of a wind generator. The component of the wind generator is a blade having a core of a rigid material. Preferred Process: The process involves at least partially contacting a core of polystyrene with the polyurethane composition. EXAMPLE - A polyurethane composition comprising (w.%) Isonate M143 (RTM: polyisocyanate) (61.8), Voranol CP260 (RTM: branched polyol) (38.2), and having hydroxy group (0.4 equivalent), and isocyanate group (0.4 equivalent), was prepared. The composition had had glass transition temperature of 82 degrees C. The composition showed good mechanical properties when used for preparing a composite structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: In the film (F1), the core portion of each of the anti-reflective structure has a lower silicone elastomer cross-link density than that of the structured surface. The structured film substrate further comprises a base portion from which the anti-reflective structures extend, all of the silicone elastomeric material of each of the anti-reflective structures has a silicone elastomer cross-link density about as high as that of the structured surface, and the base portion has a lower silicone elastomer cross-link density than that of each of the anti-reflective structures. The anti-reflective structures comprise prisms having a prism tip angle is 15-75 degrees and pitch is 10-250 microns. The film in combination with a transparent support backing having a major face, where the transparent support backing dissipates static electricity and the structured film substrate further comprises a backing face bonded to the major face of the support backing so as to form a reinforced anti-reflective structured film. The film in combination with a moisture barrier layer, where the structured film substrate further comprises a backing face, and the moisture barrier layer is bonded to the backing face of the structured film substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealant is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, UV-activated epoxies, silicon adhesives and urethane adhesives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amorphous carbon is present at 0.1-2 wt.% based on the entire weight of the negative active material. The crystalline carbon is present at 1-20 wt.% based on the entire weight of the negative active material. The amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon is present at a weight ratio of 1:99-30:70. The thickness of the carbon coating layer is 1-20 nm. Preferred Components: The crystalline carbon is fiber-type carbon, where the fiber-type carbon is carbon nanotube, carbon nano fiber and/or vapor-grown carbon fiber. The amorphous carbon precursor comprises citric acid, sucrose, cooking oil, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, phenol resin and/or naphthalene. Preferred Method: The heat treatment is performed at 650-750 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Citric acid amorphous carbon precursor was added to ethanol to obtain an amorphous carbon precursor liquid having 10 wt.% of a concentration. The amorphous carbon precursor liquid (9.2 wt.%) was mixed with carbon nano tubes (8.3 wt.%) and a lithium titanate compound (82.5 wt.%). The mixture was heat-treated under nitrogen atmosphere at 700 degrees C for 90 minutes, to give the negative active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronic collection grid comprises silver, nickel, copper and/or aluminum. The inorganic composition comprises an inorganic dielectric composition. The inorganic dielectric composition is selected from an oxide, carbide, and/or nitride of silicon, titanium and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises a polymer film (preferably polyester).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder resin comprises repeating unit derived from a nitrile-group containing monomer comprising repeating units of formulae (CH2=C(R3)-COO-R4) (II) and (CH2=C(R1)-CO-(OCH2CH2)n-O-R2) (I). The good solvent is dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The poor solvent is benzyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or nitrobenzene.R1,R3=H or CH3;R2=H or monovalent hydrocarbon;R4=H or 4-100C alkyl;andn=1-50. EXAMPLE - Acrylonitrile (45 g) of a nitrile-group containing monomer, lauryl acrylate (5 g) of the monomer (II), potassium persulfate (1.175 mg) of a polymerization initiator, alpha-methylstyrene dimmer (135 mg) of a chain transfer agent and purified water (450 ml ) were added in a 1 liter separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a cooling pipe. The added mixture was stirred at 80 degrees C for 3 hours and at 60 degrees C for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to prepare a reaction liquid. The reaction liquid was suction-filtrated after cooling to room temperature, and depositing resin was filter-separated. The filter-separated resin was cleaned by using 300 ml of purified water and 300 ml of acetone, respectively. The cleaned resin was dried using a vacuum tube drying machine at 60 degrees C/1 torr for 24 hours to obtain a binder resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer(s) used to make the foam do not contain any functional groups which are hydrolyzable. The foam is compressible foam or rigid non-compressible foam. The density of the compressible foam is 0.05-0.25 g/cm3. The compressible foam is compressed without inherent material failure by external applied force or mechanical load by greater than or equal to 5% in the axis of applied force or mechanical load. The compressible foam has an open-celled structure or a close-celled structure. The surface of the compressible foam having an open-celled structure is covered with a skin layer which prevents fluids from entering the open-celled structure. The density of the rigid non-compressible foam is 0.02-0.2 g/cm3. The rigid non-compressible foam has an open-celled structure or a close-celled structure. The surface of the rigid non-compressible foam having an open-celled structure is covered with a skin layer which prevents fluids from entering the open-celled structure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate or lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) amide. The plasticizer is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate or didecyl phthalate. The nonwoven fabric is polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polypropylene, nylon or glass fiber, whose thickness is 15-30 mu m and void ratio is 40-80%. The diene/ether copolymer is a triblock or a poly block copolymer of polydiene chain segment and polyether chain segment. The average molecular weight of the triblock copolymer is 40000-28000. The average molecular weight of the polyblock copolymer is 10000-100000. The amount of the polydiene chain segment in the diene/ether copolymer is 30-70%. The amount of the polyether chain segment in the diene/ether copolymer is 30-70%. The polydiene chain segment in the diene/ether copolymer is polybutadiene or polyprene, whose average molecular weight is 2000-8000. The polyether chain segment in the diene/ether copolymer is polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, whose average molecular weight is 1000-10000. The crosslinking initiator is a free-radical initiator which is azodiisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, benzoyl peroxide and a photoinitiator, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxyphenyl ketone or 2-hydroxyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl acetone. The solvent is ethanol, propanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, butanone, dimethylformamide or diethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic anticorrosive layer contains a compound consisting of triazole compounds such as benzotriazole, tetrazole compounds and amine compound such as triethanolamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aqueous binder contains styrenebutadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate of liquid electrolyte is 100% reactive liquid. The solvent and low-molecular organic compound are not volatilized. Polyurethane acrylate and liquid electrolyte are mixed in a ratio of 50:50, preferably 30:70. The additional amount of photoinitiator is 3% of the total weight of electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell is made of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium source is titanyl sulfate, basic titanium sulfate and/or titanium tetrachloride. The alkaline hydrolysis reaction liquid is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia water or ammonium bicarbonate. The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte, absolute solid or solid electrolyte. The concentration of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate solution is 5x 103- mol/L in electrofacing, the current density of electrofacing is 15 mAcm2, and the reaction time is 60 seconds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, adipic acid or ethylic acid. The dye is N3, N719 and/or black dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The nano-layer is made of a mixture of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Coatings (2,6) are formed using (in wt.%) a mixture (3-10, preferably 5-8) of nano silicon carbide and nano aluminum nitride, modified difluoro-paint (0-35, preferably 25-35), and trifluorovinyl paint (55-85, preferably 60-70). Preferred Properties: All the base layers are 1-30 nm thick, preferably 6-12 nm thick. The mix-crystal paint is 5-15 mu m in grain diameter. Coatings (2,6) are 15-35 mu m in thickness.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The PET layer is a co-extruded structure of layers (A-C) with a total thickness of 160-280 mu m. Layer (A) refers to PET mix-crystal layer accounting for 20% of thickness of PET layer. Layer (B) refers to a nano-layer accounting for 60% of thickness of PET layer. Layer (C) refers to a flame-retardant layer accounting for 20% of thickness of PET layer. The PET layer is preferably 200-245 mu m thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The film is 50-100 mu m thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Ether solution of 2-R1-4-R2-5-R3-6-R4-7-R5-indene is added to normal hexane solution of butyl lithium at -30 degrees C, and reacted for 0.5-2 hours. The molar ratio of butyl lithium to indene compound is 1-1.5. Anhydrous cupric chloride having molar ratio of 1-1.2 with respect to indene compound is added and reacted for 0.5-2 hours. Water is added, and water phase is extracted by organic solvent and dried. Ether and normal hexane are removed, and re-crystallized by methanol to obtain 3,3'-R1-4,4'-R2-5,5'-R3-6,6'-R4-7,7'-R5-1,1'-indene. Fullerene is dissolved in organic solvent, and prepared indene compound is added. The molar ratio of indene compound and fullerene is 1-15. The mixture is heated, reflowed, cooled to room temperature, and methanol is added and centrifuged. The mixture is absorbed to silica gel using mixed solvent of organic solvent and petroleum ether as eluent, and bi-indyl fullerene acceptor material is produced. Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent for extracting water phase is chosen from trichloromethane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethyl ether. The organic solvent for dissolving fullerene is chosen from orthodichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The volume ratio of organic solvent to petroleum ether is 1:100-1:0 in the eluent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A base material is formed by a resin material selected from group consists of a PET, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, and polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The profile body is made of thermoplastic, well bondable polymer i.e. acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. A part of the clamping holder is provided with a sun-resistant and weather-resistant layer formed of polymethylmethacrylate, on outside.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The membrane controlled coating layer is made of ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, acrylic resin, polyethylene glycol and/or triethyl citrate, preferably acrylic resin and triethyl citrate. The sustained release skeleton is water-soluble skeleton, insoluble skeleton (preferably), or fat-soluble skeleton. The paliperidone is present at 0.1-20 wt.%. The diluent is microcrystalline cellulose, lactase, starch, sucrose, mannitol, dextrin, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate and/or sodium chloride. The adhesive is methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, gluten, sucrose and/or povidone K30. The lubricant is magnesium stearate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, superfine silica powder, talc powder, polyethylene glycol, octadecyl sodium fumarate and/or hydrogenated plant oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is selected from group consisting of rubber adhesive, vinyl-ester type adhesive agent, polyester type adhesive, polymer cement type adhesive agent, acrylic type adhesive agent, polyolefin type adhesive agent and resin mortar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is metal or mixture of metals chosen from platinum and palladium, or metallofullerene containing platinum or palladium. The catalyst is in the form of nanoparticles, or in the form of a layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The material is a polymer in the form of polyaniline or polypyrrole layer, or fullerene based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fullerene derivative (1) is compound of formula (2), or compound of formula (3). The organic layer is formed of solution process. The organic layer is bulk heterojunction layer containing fullerene derivative (1-3), and conjugated polymer material.L1,L2=single bond, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, amino, imino, azo, ether, or bivalent coupling;R4,R5=H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, ether, thioether, acyl, ester, or amide;X1-X7,L3=C or N; andn=1-4. Preferred Definitions:    A=5-membered nitrogen containing hetero aromatic ring;    L1=single bond;    L2=amino group;    X5-X7=substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms; and    n=2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ester surfactant may be alkyl alcohol amide phosphate, fluorine phosphate, fluorine alkyl ethoxyoxopropyl-methyldichlorosilane silyl ether, and/or fatty imidazole boric acid ester. The sequestering agent may be sulfoacid/acrylic acid/polymaleic anhydride copolymer, EDTA, hexamethylene tetramine, and/or sodium gluconate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The oxide particle is disilicon trioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is polyolefin, polyolefin with fluorine, polyolefin copolymer with fluorine, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile and polyalkoxide, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polypropylene methylene acid methyl ester, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. The solvents are acetone, butanone, N-pyrrolidone extraction, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetylamide and diethyl carbonate, alcohol, butanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene carbonate, methyl-carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrated inorganic salt is hydrated calcium chloride, hydrated sodium sulfate, hydrated sodium acetate, hydrated sodium carbonate, hydrated sodium silicate, hydrated sodium phosphate, hydrated dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, hydrated sodium borate, hydrated ammonium alum, hydrated magnesium chloride or hydrated magnesium nitrate. The nano-material is nano aluminum nitride, nano silicon nitride, nano titanium dioxide, nano carborundum, nano silicon boride or nano zirconium boride. The thickening agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide or gelatin. Preferred Method: The preparation comprises: (a) weighing the hydrated inorganic salt, the nano-material and the thickening agent according to the requirement; (b) adding the nano-material after heating and melting the hydrated inorganic salt, stirring, shaking and uniformly dispersing; (c) adding the thickening agent into the hydrated inorganic salt melted solution and uniformly mixing; and (d) maintaining the nano compound phase change material in the liquid state and charging into a container for packaging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing system is formed by a ring body made of PTFE and hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen storage material is a number of particles disposed within the first electrode. The number of particles has an average particle size of 1-500 micrometers. The first compartment further includes an electrolyte component. The electrolyte component is a liquid electrolyte, non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, polymer gel, ionic liquid electrolyte, solid inorganic electrolyte and/or solid polymer electrolyte. The electrolyte component is non-aqueous. The first electrode compartment (112) further includes at least one of a catalytic component and an ionic component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode. The first compartment further includes a selective transport member to separate the oxygen storage material from the first electrode. The selective transport member is oxygen permeable, and electrolyte impermeable. The selective transport member is no greater than 10 percent by volume relative to the oxygen storage material. The selective transport member is no greater than 10 wt% relative to the oxygen storage material. In (I): at least a portion of the number of particles are each contained within a selective transport member; a total volume of the selective transport member is no greater than 10 percent by volume relative to a total volume of the oxygen storage material; and a total weight of the selective transport member is no greater than 10 wt% relative to a total weight of the oxygen storage material. The selective transport member is configured as a shell enclosing the oxygen storage material as a core.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The adhesive connecting the textile fabric layer and the molded body is made of metallic particles e.g. silver particles and nickel particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic additive is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-tetrafluorethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride and PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The thickness of moisture absorption layer is 10-50 mu m. The water vapor permeation rate measured at temperature of 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90% of gas-barrier film layer is not greater than 2 g/m2.day. The laminated body has haze of not greater than 10%, total light transmittance of greater than or equal to 80% and water vapor permeation rate measured at temperature of 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90% of not greater than 2 g/m2.day. Preferred Process: The gas-barrier film layer vapor-deposits silica on single surface of polyethylene terephthalate film base material. Preferred Components: The gas-barrier laminated body further has gas-barrier film layer (C) on opposite surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Paper: The release paper is torn off from adhesive film, when temperature of film is less than predetermined temperature. The surface of substrate is cooled by a cooling component provided corresponding to spacing of thermo-compression bonding apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber-containing layer contains 3-14 %mass of ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorber triazine-type structure, benzophenone-type structure or cyanoacrylate-type structure. Preferred Properties: The film layer further has a gas barrier layer having water-vapor permeability of 1 g/m2x day/ mu m at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%, and a layer containing corrosion inhibitor. The thickness of film mirror is 75-250 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The resin base material is a layer containing polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive fiber is metal nanowire containing silver, silver alloy, and metals other than silver. Metals other than silver are gold, palladium, iridium, platinum, and/or osmium. The amount of conductive fiber is 0.005-0.5 g/m2. Preferred Property: The conductive fiber has average major-axis diameter of 1-40 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethylenically unsaturated group is (meth)acryloyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-insoluble polymer is a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, or polymeric latex. The water-insoluble polymer contains ethylenically unsaturated bond in the side chain. The ethylenically unsaturated bond is introduced to the water-insoluble polymer using epoxy-type compound of formula (I) or cyclic compound of formula (II). The polymeric latex is acrylic-type polymer or urethane-type polymer. The mass ratio of content (A) of conductive fiber with respect to content (B) of water-insoluble polymer is 0.1-5. The electroconductive composition further comprises a dispersing agent to which the conductive fiber is dispersed. The content of dispersing agent is 0.1-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of water-insoluble polymer.R1,R2=H or hydrocarbyl;L1,L2=organic group;andW'=4-7 membered aliphatic hydrocarbyl ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): A naphthalene-type compounds of formulae (III) and (IV), and organic compound of formula: Z31(-Y')n-Z32 are condensed and polymerized to obtain high molecular compound (I).Y'=preferably 4-12C 5-membered bivalent heterocyclyl, 6-18C aromatic hydrocarbyl, or polyvalent heterocyclyl, preferably group of formula (i);Z11,Z12,Z22,Z31,Z22=-O-S(=O)2-Rt, -MgXa, -ZnXa or -Sn(Rt)3;Rt=optionally substituted aryl;andXa=halo.Preferred Composition: The high molecular compound further has organic group-containing repeating unit of formula: -(Y')-. The organic group-containing repeating unit contains aromatic group containing electron-accepting property.Ar1,Ar2=condensed ring of aromatic-hydrocarbon ring, heterocyclic ring, aromatic-hydrocarbon ring or heterocyclic ring (all optionally substituted);andR51,R52=R13. Preferred Definitions:    X11,X12,X21,X22=oxygen, sulfur or selenium.    EXAMPLE - Chlorobenzene (8 ml) was deaerated in nitrogen atmosphere, and palladium complex and 5'-dibromo- 4,4'- dihexadecyl hexyl- 2,2'- bithiophene (77 mg) were added to obtain reaction liquid. The obtained reaction liquid was poured into the mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml), stirred for 3 hours, deposited, filtered, extracted and washed to obtain high molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound containing a bond between different elements is a compound containing a bond between different elements belonging to groups XIII-XV. The compound containing bond between different elements contains silicon-silicon bond, silicon-boron bond or silicon-phosphorus bond. The compound containing group XIV element is linear silane compound of formula: SinH2n+2 (I), cyclic silane compound of formula: SihH2h (II), cyclic silane compound of formula: SihH2h-2 (III), or basket-like silane compound of formula: SimHm (IV). The compound containing group XIII element is boron or boron compound of formula: BiHj (V). The compound containing group XV element is phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compound of formula: PwXu (VI), arsenic or arsenic-containing compound, nitrogen molecule or nitrogen compound.n=2-40;h=3-10;h=3-10;m=6,8 or 10;i,w=1-10;j,u=0-12;andX=H or monovalent organic group.Preferred Gas: The gas is chosen from helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen molecule, oxygen molecule, hydrogen molecule, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, halogen molecule, hydro halide, disulfuration sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor, or mixed gas chosen from helium, or helium hydrogen molecule and oxygen molecule, nitrogen molecule, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, fluorine molecule, and molecular chlorine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The discharge tube, flat electrode plates or insulated tube consists of synthetic macromolecule, natural polymer, glass or ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: At least one of high molecular compound has hole transportability, luminosity and charge transportability. At least one of high molecular compound has repeating unit (A) having optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted bivalent heterocyclic group or optionally substituted bivalent aromatic amine residue, each having 1-4 groups (Y') of formula: -((J1)i-(X1)j)k-(J2)l-Z. The repeating unit (A) is of formula (I)-(IV). The molecular weight of high molecular compounds by polystyrene conversion is 1x 103-1x 108. The weight ratio of high molecular compounds (A,B) is 99:1-1:99. The total amount of crosslinkable groups in the composition (1 g) is 2x 10-5-1x 10-2 moles. The total amount of high molecular compounds (A,B) in the composition is 80 wt.% or more. The composition further contains a solvent.J1,J2=alkylene or phenylene;X1=oxygen atom, nitrogen atom or sulfur atom;i,j,l=0 or 1;k=1-3;Z=crosslinkable group;R1,R2=alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl or arylalkoxy (all optionally substituted);a,b=0-3;n=1 or 2;a+n=1-4;Q=oxygen atom, sulfur atom, -N(R3)-, -O-C(R1)(R2)-, or -Si(R1)(R2)-;R3=alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl (all optionally substituted);c,d=0-4;e=0 or 1;andAr2=arylene or bivalent heterocyclyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material used in the back surface of electrode is silver or silver-aluminum paste. The diameter of phosphor powder is 0.1-20 mu m. The fluorescent substance contains sodium-yttrium fluoride, lithium-aluminum oxide, europium-doped yttrium vanadium oxide, dysprosium-doped yttrium boron oxide, europium-doped zinc oxide, and copper-doped zinc sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective film contains polymer resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polymethylmethacrylate and/or polycarbonate. The amount of solvent is 20-70 weight%. The amount of polymer resin is 10-40 weight%. The amount of fluorescent substances is 10-40 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The ultraviolet absorption layer contains benzotriazole group ultraviolet absorber. The lower adjacent layer contains corrosion inhibitor. Preferred Stabilizer: The stabilizer is phenolic antioxidant, phosphite type antioxidant, thio group antioxidant or hindered amine light stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The reflection layer consists of gold, silver, copper, aluminum and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: A corrosion-inhibitor layer of thioether group, thiol group, nickel group organic compound, benzotriazole group, imidazole group, oxazole group, tetrazainden group, pyrimidine group, or thiadiazole group is provided touching the reflection layer. The UV absorber contained in layer (I) is an inorganic UV absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin base material is a resin film containing polyester, polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyolefin, cellulose, and/or polyamide. Preferred Properties: The layer containing polymer type UV absorber has a film thickness of 50 mu m or less and an average light transmittance of 90% or more. The thickness of layer including resin base material is 75-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The backsheet further comprises: a first adhesive layer disposed between the first polymeric layer and the moisture-resistant layer; and a second adhesive layer disposed between the second polymeric layer and the moisture-resistant layer, where the first and second adhesive layer has thickness of 0.01-0.5 mm. The first polymeric layer has a melting point of higher than 90 degrees C, measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The first and second polymeric layer further comprises: at least one modifier comprising stabilizer, pigment, filler or coupling agent, where the coupling agent comprises silane; a grafting agent, where the grafting agent comprises at least one of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride; and a chemical crosslinking agent containing an organic peroxide, where the organic peroxide is at least one of dicumylperoxide, 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and a,a'-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-diisopropylbenzene. The first and second polymeric layer has a thickness of 0.05-2 mm. The moisture-resistant layer: comprises a polymer including polyvinylidene chloride or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol; is made of aluminum or stainless steel; and has a thickness of 0.001-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbonaceous material is selected from graphitic carbon, carbon fiber, glassy carbon, pyrolitic carbon and/or amorphous carbon. The positive electrode active material is selected from Mo6S8, MnO2, CuS, Cu2S, Ag2S, CrS2, and VOPO4; layered compounds TiS2, V2O5, MgVO3, MoS2, MgV2O5, and MoO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collector made of alloys of metals selected from aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, stainless steel. The positive electrode active material is selected from spinel structured compounds CuCr2S4, MgCr2S4, MgMn2O4, and Mg2MnO4; NASICON structured compounds MgFe2(PO4)3 and MgV2(PO4)3; Olivine structured compounds MgMnSiO4 and MgFe2(PO4)2; tavorite structured compound Mg0.5VPO4F; pyrophosphates TiP2O7 and VP2O7 and/or FeF3. The electrolyte further comprises additional salt selected MgCl2, Mg(ClO4)2, Mg(BF4)2, Mg(AsF6)2, Mg(PF6)2, Mg(CF3SO3)2, Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2, Mg(C(SO2CF3)3)2, LiCl, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, Li(CF3SO3), LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, NaCl, NaClO4, NaBF4, NaAsF6, NaPF6, Na(CF3SO3), NaN(CF3SO2)2 and/or NaC(SO2CF3)3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is selected from ether, polyethers, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, ethyl glyme, diglyme, proglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, polyglyme and/or higlyme. The electrolyte comprises Lewis-base organo-magnesium compound RMgX, where R is selected from alkyl ligands such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, or aryl, benzyl, amido, napthal, phenyl, alkenyl and/or alkynyl; and X is halide fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine; Lewis-acid compound selected from AlCl3, BCl3, AlCl2Et, FeCl2, FeCl3 and/or TiCl4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The specular member further includes materials consisting of copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, nickel, and chromium. The light-guide pillar includes materials consisting of diamond, glass, quartz, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, dielectric, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, silicon nitride (SiNx) and spin-on glass. The scattering particles include materials consisting of silicon oxide, titanium oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The light-guide pillar includes materials consisting of plastic, polyimide, benzocyclobutene, perfluorocyclobutane, photoresist, epoxy, acrylic resin, cyclo-olefin copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, fluorocarbon polymer, high-density polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The central layer contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, oxygen doped silicon carbide, nitrogen doped silicon carbide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive layer contains polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, poly(ethylene naphthalate), cyclic olefin copolymer-poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor substrate is formed of indium phosphide (111). The nanowire semiconductor comprises indium phosphide and gallium arsenide. The electrode comprises indium tin oxide. The passivation layer comprises aluminum phosphide or aluminum indium phosphide when the nanowire semiconductor comprises indium phosphide, and comprises aluminum phosphide, aluminum indium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, gallium indium phosphide and aluminum gallium arsenide when the nanowire semiconductor comprises gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent insulating material comprises bis-benzocyclobutene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light transfer layer comprises crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride or copper indium selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises an upper electrode, a lower electrode opposed to the upper electrode and a light transfer layer disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The upper electrode is a transparent electrode. The upper electrode is a patterned electrode. The fluorescent layer is coated on the upper electrode and filled between that. The lower electrode is a metal electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorescent layer further comprises poly(ethyl methacrylate), ethylene vinyl alcohol or poly(vinyl butyral). Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4, C1-C4, A1-A3 = 4-8C alkyl or 4-8C alkoxy; and    C5 = 4-8C alkyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds (I) are disclosed i.e. 2-benzo(b)thiophen-2-yl-3-hydroxy-chromen-4-one of formula (Ia) and 2-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-chromen-4-one.    EXAMPLE - 2'-Hydroxyacetophenone (2 ml) was added to sodium hydroxide (2 g) aqueous solution (10 ml of water) and ethanol (50 ml) and completely dissolved to give a canary-yellow clear solution. Next, benzo(b)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (15 mmol) was added to the clear solution and stirred for 8 hours to give (E)-3-benzo(b)thiophen-2-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone (C1). Hydrogen peroxide (5 ml, 30%) was then added to C1 solution and stirred for 12 hours. Proper hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was then added to C1 solution to neutralize the solution. C1 solution was then extracted by adding dichloromethane and purified by column using dichloromethane as an eluent to give 2-benzo(b)thiophen-2-yl-3-hydroxy-chromen-4-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Method: The etching paste is applied to the film to form a pattern. The paste application method comprises a rolling method. The rolling method uses a roller having patterns. Preferred Components: The patterns comprise pattern with openings. The pattern has an opening size of 5-20 mu m. The etched film has an etching depth of 100-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and/or their derivatives. The base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ammonia and/or their derivatives. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The LED lighting module includes a transparent light guide made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The frame is made of a metal such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, magnesium, titanium and iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guiding plate and the frame is made of plastic material i.e. poly methyl metacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the semiconductor layer is silicon, silicon-germanium, copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material of the metal lines are aluminum, silver, titanium and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of encapsulating layer is ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution (B) further contains crosslinking agent and surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ion gel particles have particle size of 1 nm to 1 mm. The film has thickness of 0.1-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The graphite interlayer compound comprises 20-40 (preferably 10-35) wt.% transitional metal, and 50-80 wt.% graphite carbon. Curing is carried out by insulating for 1 hour at 80 degrees C, 100 degrees C, 120 degrees C, 140 degrees C, 160 degrees C, and 180 degrees C; and insulating for 2 hours at highest temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon black is preferably high-conductivity acetylene carbon black having a particle size of less than 20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte composition comprises mayenite type compound (0.1-50 wt.%). The electrolyte composition further includes a gel electrolyte, and/or ionic liquid. The electrolyte further includes a redox material that is a halide ion, and/or a polyhalide ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The redox material is a halide ion, and/or a polyhalide ion. The mayenite type compound is 12CaO.7Al2O3 or 12SrO.7Al2O3. The mayenite type compound includes halide ions, and/or polyhalide ions inside at least some pores of a crystal lattice of the mayenite type compound such that the halide ions, and/or polyhalide ions, inside at least some pores of the crystal lattice of the mayenite type compound are unable to combine with a cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide or N-methyl-N'-hexylimidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The gel electrolyte includes polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. EXAMPLE - A calcium carbonate was combined with an aluminum oxide in mole ratio of 12:7. The resulting product was maintained at 1300 degrees C under the air atmosphere for 6 hours and then, cooled down. The sintered product was ground and sieved, preparing a powder with an average a particle diameter of 0.5-50 mu m. The powder was a white insulator and identified from an X-ray diffraction analysis to be a C12A7 compound with a mayenite structure. An electrolyte composition comprising (wt.%) 3-methoxy propionitrile (3-MPN), and C12A7 compound (5), was prepared. The composition showed transformation efficiency of 8.2% and life span of 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second electrode comprises palladium, silver, aluminum, platinum, gold and/or conducting polymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte comprises 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene, poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3-butylthiophene), polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline and/or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The elongate plastic housing consists of an upper assembly and a lower assembly and the solar panel is sandwiched between the upper and lower assemblies. The upper assembly is secured to an upper glass substrate of the solar panel and the lower assembly is secured to a lower glass substrate of the solar panel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The first border material layers comprise fiberglass clothes, chemical fiber clothes or a roughened metal plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membrane adheres to a pair of the gas diffusion layers through the adhesion materials comprising epoxy resin or linear low-density polyethylene. The direct methanol fuel cell further comprises: many second border material layers disposed on the adhesion materials, where the second border material layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate, FR5 fiberglass polymer materials, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyethylene, bi-axial oriented polypropylene or polypropylene; and buffer layers disposed on the second border material layers, where the buffer layers comprise silicon rubbers or fluorinated ethylene propylene. The adhesion materials, the second border material layers and the buffer layers do not contact to a pair of the gas diffusion layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The first hard-coat layer is formed by irradiating UV-ray and adhering acrylic resin coating film to surface of translucent resin base material after predrying process. Preferred Composition: The translucent resin base material has high translucent polycarbonate with light transmittance of 90-93%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The substrate is a semiconductor, a doped semiconductor, silicon, gallium arsenide, insulators, glass, molybdenum glass, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon nitride, metal, metal foil, molybdenum, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, gold, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, silver, stainless steel, steel, iron, strontium, tin, titanium, tungsten, zinc, zirconium, metal alloy, metal silicide, or metal carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The molecular precursor is a compound of formula M(A)-(ER1)(ER2)(ER3)M(B)R4.M(A)=monovalent metal atom, preferably Cu or Ag;M(B)=atom of Group 13, preferably Ga or In;E=S, Se, or Te;andR1-R4=alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, amido, silyl, and inorganic and organic ligands, preferably 1-4C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The substrate is polymer, plastic, conductive polymer, copolymer, polymer blend, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyester film, Mylar (RTM: thin polyester film), polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, polyimide, polyvinylchloride, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer, silicone, epoxy, paper, and/or coated paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate. The electrolyte comprises a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, or a mixed solvent of a carbonate solvent and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of formula (II), preferably benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, trifluorotoluene or xylene. The carbonate solvent and the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1-30:1.R4 = halo or 1-10C alkyl; andq = 1-6. EXAMPLE - Dipentaerythritol (1 mole) and epsilon -caprolactone (2 moles) were added to a toluene, a tetrapropyltitanate catalyst (0.01 wt.%) was added and then reaction was carried out at 50 degrees C to give a dipentaerythritol monomer. Dipentaerythritol monomer (1 mole), acrylic acid (4 mole) and butylcarbonic acid (2 mole) were reacted to obtain a polyester hexaacrylate compound (A). Ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate/propylene carbonate/fluorobenzene (in a volume ratio of 30/55/5/10) were mixed in order to prepare an organic mixed solvent. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (1.15 M) was added to the solvent, and an electrolyte additive including chloroanisole (3 wt.%) and (A) (3 wt.%) based on the total weight of the electrolyte, was further added to the solution to obtain electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The passivation layer consists of metal oxide such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, copper oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium oxide, silver oxide, nickel oxide, gold oxide and/or molybdenum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin base material is made of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound of formula (I) contains chain of formula -(A)n- or compound of formula (8).n=4-16.Preparation (Disclosed): The fullerene derivative is manufactured by making 1,4-phenylene derivative react with N-methylgycine and fullerene C60. Preferred Definitions:    m=1;    B=compound of formula (9) or -L-Rf; and    L=bond of 1-4C alkylene chain.    EXAMPLE - The fullerene derivative was prepared by reacting thiophene derivative of formula (6) (80 g), fullerene (97 mg) and N-methylglycine (60 mg), heating at 120 degrees C in toluene (20 ml) for 15 hours, isolating reaction material after distilling solvent, purifying and fullerene derivative (14 mg) of formula (7) was isolated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The assembly further has light-absorption layer which is copper-indium-gallium disulfide/copper-indium disulfide light absorption layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is inorganic oxide, preferably silicon oxide, and has average diameter of less than 60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rigid rod dianhydride is chosen from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride. The rigid rod diamine is chosen from 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 1,5-naphthalene diamine and 1,4-naphthalene diamine. The polyimide is a block copolymer of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether, p-phenylenediamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and 3,3'-4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The block copolymer contains 10-40 mol% of pyromellitic dianhydride/p-phenylenediamine block and 60-90 mol% of pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4'-diaminodiphenylether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide film is chosen from film reinforced using thermally-stable inorganic substance, textile fabric, paper, sheet and scrims. The polyimide film further includes coupling agent and dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A metal substrate layer is made of copper, aluminum, gold, silver and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The M-doped metal element utilizes one of lithium, magnesium, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, copper and lanthanum ions. The battery is provided with transition metal element that adopts iron, vanadium or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode active materials comprise at least one of lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium cobalt nickel oxide, lithium cobalt manganese oxide and lithium cobalt aluminum oxide and lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4). The cathode material is composed of graphite, lithium titanate, silicon and silicon alloy. The bonders are composed of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylate and polyurethane. The solvent is composed of water or N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica gel agent is silicon dioxide (SiO2), with specific surface area of 100-400 m2/g, and the SiO2 content in battery colloidal electrolyte is 3-12 wt.%. The flow improving agent is zinc olivine whisker, magnesium olivine whisker, wollastonite raphides, hydroxyapatite nano microfiber, basalt nano microfiber, mullite nanocrystalline, tourmaline nano microfiber, nano needle-shaped graphite, magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) hydrotalcite nanocrystalline, nano microcrystalline cellulose and/or nano microcrystalline chitin. The diameter of the flow improving agent is 5-20 nm, length is 20-1000 nm, and length and diameter ratio is 4-40:1. The flow improving agent content in battery colloidal electrolyte is 0.001-0.1 wt.%. The polyatomic alcohol is sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and konjaku flour or starch. The electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. The mass concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 35-45%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid aqueous solution is sulfuric acid aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or perchloric acid aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The pre-oxidizing step includes hanging white flat felt in steel tube of pre-oxidizing furnace and adding oxygen to increase temperature from 160 to 300 degrees C. The carbonizing step includes inflating furnace with nitrogen of high purity, carbonizing at 1400 degrees C for 4 hours, cooling to 30 degrees C and taking out carbonized felt. The method further comprises graphitizing carbonized felt including inflating furnace with argon, graphitizing at 1400 degrees C for 5 hours, cooling to 50 degrees C and taking out graphitized felt.
Preferred Definitions:    R=n-hexyl or isooctyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Indium tin oxide and transparent conducting oxide are also used in the organic light emitting diode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The n-type buffer layer contains titanium dioxide, and zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, germanium dioxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, magnesium titanate, potassium-tantalum/niobium oxide, and/or sodium tantalum/niobium oxide. The band gap of compound thin film semiconductor is 1-1.75 eV. The amount of zirconium oxide is 20-85 atomic% with respect to titanium oxide. The amount of hafnium oxide is 10-65 atomic% with respect to titanium oxide. The amount of germanium oxide with respect to titanium oxide is 10-50 atomic%. The buffer layer further contains group VA element, preferably niobium, vanadium or tantalum. The carrier concentration of buffer layer is 1015-1019 cm-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The backing sheet comprises an inner layer and an outer layer; and the compounded thermoplastic polyolefin is incorporated into the inner layer, where backing sheet excludes a polyester layer. The inner layer consists of compounded thermoplastic polyolefin(s). The outer layer is a weatherable layer. The backing sheet is a laminate that comprises a first outer layer of weatherable film; mid-layer(s) comprising the compounded thermoplastic polyolefin; and an inner layer. The inner layer comprises EVA with vinyl acetate content of 2-33 wt.%. The first outer layer and/or mid-layer comprise thermally conductive fillers. The first outer layer comprises a fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether(s) including alkyl vinyl ethers with reactive hydroxy (OH) functionality. The polyolefin is compounded with light stabilizer or pigment. The EVA is compounded with light stabilizer. It is further compounded with an antioxidant. The backing sheet further comprises weatherable layer of fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether(s) including alkyl vinyl ethers with reactive OH functionality. The photovoltaic cells are encapsulated with EVA. The backing sheet includes compounded EVA layer that is in contact with the EVA encapsulant. The polyolefin or EVA is compounded with light stabilizer and/or antioxidant at 0.1-1 wt.%. The antioxidant and light stabilizer are present at 0.1-1 wt.% each.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic module comprises cadmium-immobilizing agent dispersed throughout the interlayer near polymer-metal interface. The coating comprises cadmium telluride layer (340) on a cadmium sulfide layer (330). The photovoltaic module further has transparent conductive oxide stack including transparent conductive oxide layer (310) on barrier layers (300) and buffer layer (320) provided on transparent conductive oxide layer. The barrier layer comprises silicon nitride, aluminum-doped silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum-doped silicon oxide, boron-doped silicon oxide, phosphorus-doped silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride and tin oxide. The transparent conductive oxide layer comprises layer of cadmium and tin. The buffer layer comprises zinc-tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide and zinc-magnesium oxide. The cadmium telluride layer has back contact metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The interlayer further contains ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous tube of zinc-air cell, is made of nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or Teflon (RTM: PTFE Invented at DuPont's Jackson Laboratory). The electrolyte fluid is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalytic system is made up of metallo fullerene. The carbon electronic conductor is chosen from carbon black, carbon nanowire, carbon nanotube and carbon nano-onion, or conductive polymer, preferably polyaniline and polypyrrole. The amount of carbon electronic conductor is 5-50 %mass, preferably 20-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal or mixture of metal is chosen from platinum and palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet-ray shielding layer contains inorganic fine particles having ultraviolet-ray absorptivity and resin compound, or inorganic material. Preferred Property: The surface roughness of modified coated film is 2 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silanol-containing layer has relative silicon hydroxide ionic strength of 0.2-0.8, preferably 0.3-0.6. Preferred Process: The silanol-containing layer or gas barrier layer is produced by coating a liquid containing silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material consists of plastic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of electroconductive path material is 0.02-80% with respect to average particle diameter of scale-like graphite. The average particle diameter of scale-like graphite is 5-500% with respect to thickness of fine porous layer. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive path material contains carbon black, graphite and/or carbon fiber, preferably carbon black. The carbon black is acetylene black. The electroconductive path material is graphite material having particle size of 3 mu m or more. Preferred Property: The specific surface area of carbon black is 1000 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fullerene derivative (I) contains fullerene 60C. Preferred Element: The organic photoelectric conversion element has a bulk heterojunction layer (14) containing fullerene derivative (I). The bulk heterojunction layer contains n-type semiconductor material and p-type semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The p-type semiconductor material is conjugated-type polymer. Preferred Definitions:    R=(un)substituted 6-membered ring substituted by electron donating substituent or alkoxy in meta position.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photoelectric conversion layer contains an electron-accepting fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The compound having structure (I) is a high-molecular compound having a repeating unit of formula (II, III or IV), or a low-molecular-weight compound of formula (V, VI or VII). The layer further contains an electron-donating high-molecular compound. The layer is formed by solution application method.X2=X1;R'5=alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, halo, cyano or hydroxy;n1,n2,n3,n4=0-4;R1+R'5=ring when n1 is not 0;R'5 groups=ring when n1 is 2 or more;R2+R6=ring when n2 is not 0;R6 groups=ring when n2 is 2 or more;andR'3,R'4=R1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic adhesive tape is formed from a composite of polyethylene terephthalate and adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polyvinyl acetal by acid-catalyzed reaction of at least one polyvinyl alcohol with at least one aldehyde, comprises (a) reacting the polyvinyl alcohol with the aldehyde at 0-20 degrees C, (b) completing the reaction of (a) by heating the reaction mixture to 68-90 degrees C and (c) cooling the reaction mixture to 15-25 degrees C and separating the polyvinyl acetal. Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetal has: a solution viscosity in a 5% solution in ethanol of less than 75 mPas; and a residual acetate content of less than 8 mol.%. For the acetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol, butyraldehyde is used. Preferred Process: The temperature in step (b) is held over a period of least 60 minutes. The temperature in step (b) is 68-80 degrees C. EXAMPLE - In polymer synthesis, 63 parts by weight of n-butyraldehyde were used. The reaction mixture was held after dropping the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) under stirring at 12 degrees C for 15 minutes, then heated within 80 minutes at 69 degrees C and kept at this temperature for 120 minutes. The PVB was separated after cooling to room temperature, neutrally washed with water and dried to obtain PVB with a polyvinyl alcohol content of 15.9 wt.% and a polyvinyl acetate content of 1.2 wt.%. The PVB (380 g) and plasticizer-dioctyladipate (120 g) were mixed in a laboratory mixer. The obtained mixture was extruded into flat sheet with a thickness of 0.8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polyvinyl acetal by acid-catalyzed reaction of at least one polyvinyl alcohol with at least one aldehyde, comprises (a) reacting the polyvinyl alcohol with the aldehyde at 0-20 degrees C, (b) completing the reaction of (a) by heating the reaction mixture to 68-90 degrees C, (c) cooling the reaction mixture to 15-25 degrees C and separating the polyvinyl acetal, and (d) neutralizing the polyvinyl acetal separated from the reaction mixture. Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetal has: a solution viscosity in a 5% solution in ethanol of less than 75 mPas; and a residual acetate content of 1-8 mol.%. For the acetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol, butyraldehyde is used. Preferred Process: The temperature in step (b) is held over a period of least 60 minutes. The temperature in step (b) is 68-80 degrees C. The process is carried out in the absence of surfactants or emulsifiers. EXAMPLE - In the polymer synthesis, 63 parts by weight of n-butyraldehyde were used. The reaction mixture was held after dropping the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) under stirring at 12 degrees C for 15 minutes, then heated within 80 minutes at 69 degrees C and kept at this temperature for 120 minutes. The PVB was separated after cooling to room temperature, neutrally washed with water and dried to obtain PVB with a polyvinyl alcohol content of 15.9 wt.% and a polyvinyl acetate content of 1.2 wt.%. The PVB (380 g) and plasticizer-dioctyladipate (120 g) were mixed in a laboratory mixer. The obtained mixture was extruded into flat sheet with a thickness of 0.8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aluminum film layer is coated by mixture of nanometric aluminum powder and resin. The surface of inside surface layer is provided with radiated or plasma graft modified fluorinated siloxane film layer. The fluorinated siloxane film layer is made by radiating the surface of the inner surface layer via plasma additive modifier. The modifier is silane coupling agent, fluorinated siloxane or polysiloxane. The surface layer is four fluorine-containing resin or acrylic acid polymer coat having the function of absorbing ultraviolet rays. Preferred Composition: The aluminum film layer is 1-30 (preferably 1-15) nm thick, and comprises (mass%) aluminum (10-90, preferably 40-80), and resin (10-90, preferably 20-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The components of the binding material comprise 45-55 wt.% bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), 20-25 wt.% boron oxide (B2O3), 0-4 wt.% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 0.5-4 wt.% silicon dioxide (SiO2), 0-4 wt.% calcium oxide (CaO), 0-4 wt.% titanium oxide (TiO2), 0-3 wt.% nickel (II) oxide (NiO), 0-3 wt.% nickel oxide (NiO2), and 20-30 wt.% zinc oxide (ZnO). The grain diameter of the silver powder in (c) is 0.2-1 mu m; and the grain diameter of the aluminum powder is 3-6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent in the organic carrier is a mixture of one or more than two of butyl carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, turpentine, and terpinol. The solvent is a mixture of one or more than two of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, and petroleum ether. The dispensing agent is a mixture of one or more than two of tissuemat E, zinc stearate, and microcrystalline wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The Cu-containing compound is copper dinitrate or copper dinitrate trihydrate. The indium-containing compound is indium trinitrate or indium trinitrate pentahydrate. The sulfur-containing compound is sodium sulfide nonahydrate. The gallium-containing compound is gallium trinitrate nonahydrate or gallium nanopowder. The precursor film is kept warm for 30-60 minutes using argon atmosphere with hydrogen content of 5% after the substance is reduced by hydrogen. Preferred Method: The vulcanizing and annealing step includes employing sulfur nanopowder and vacuumizing a furnace body to 3x 10-5 P at 2-10 degrees C/minute, sulfur source at 250-300 degrees C, precursor film at 450-600 degrees C, and at vulcanizing time of 30-90 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solution adjusting agent comprises ethyl alcohol, terpinol, and/or ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous film is chosen from polypropylene base, polyethylene, polyimide group and polytetrafluoroethylene. The polymer electrolyte solution is chosen from sulfonated polyether ether ketone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyimide and perfluorinated sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner layer of hot water storage tank of solar heat energy utilization system is made of polyphenylene ether resin. The outer layer of hot water storage tank is made of polyamide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amount of tackifying resins (preferably terpene type resin or terpene phenol resin) is 0.1-50 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of epoxy modified polyolefin type resin compositions. The epoxy modified polyolefin type resin composition consists of radical polymerization initiator in presence of polyolefin type resin, epoxy group containing vinyl monomer, aromatic vinyl monomer, polyolefin type resin and epoxy group containing vinyl monomer in which ratio of epoxy group containing vinyl monomer in total of 100 wt.% of aromatic vinyl monomer is 0.1-50 wt.%. The epoxy modified polyolefin type resin composition forms multi-phase structure which consists of epoxy group containing vinyl monomer consisting of polyolefin type resin and aromatic vinyl monomer with diameter of less than or equal to 1 mu m. The polyolefin type resin is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene and propylene ethylene copolymer, or propylene ethylene copolymer with ethylene content of 5-15 wt.%. The epoxy group containing vinyl monomer is glycidyl methacrylate. The aromatic vinyl monomer is styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate compound saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer saponified compound, ethylenic copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate, and/or polyolefin type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal is chosen from iron salt, ceric salt, chromium salt, manganese salt and molybdenum salt. The cation of polystyrene sulfonate salt or polyvinyl sulfonate salt is alkali metal salt or ammonium salt. The alkali metal salt is sodium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polymerizable monomer is pyrrole or its derivative(s), or thiophene or its derivative(s), preferably ethylene dioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The thickness of electroconductive metal support body is 10-2000 mu m. Preferred Components: The electroconductive metal support body contains metal chosen from titanium, aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, stainless steel, zinc, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is compound of formulae (2), (5), (6) and (7).R2-R9=H or substituent and pigment residue of formula asterisk-L1=B;L1=bivalent coupling group chosen from alkylene group, alkynylene group and arylene group bonded with benzene ring;B=methylene group substituted by heterocyclic acidic nucleus or electron withdrawing group;R10,R11,R13=H, aliphatic group, aromatic group or heterocyclic group;r= greater than or equal to 0;R12=acidic nucleus which has acidic group; andR14=H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio or heterocyclic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric material layer is provided in different surface from surface in which porous semiconductor fine particle layer adsorbed in pigment is provided. Preferred Definitions:    R12=compound of formula (8), (11), (12), CH2=C(R18)R19 or CH2=C(CN)COOH;    R15,R16=aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic;    l=0 or 1;    R17=S or compound of formula CH2=C(R20)R21;    R18-R21=CN or acidic group; and    R15,R16=aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate compound saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound, ethylenic copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate, and/or polyolefin type resin, preferably polyethylene type resin having a density of 0.92 g/cc or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Substrates of the photovoltaic module is made of glass, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polyethylene or polycarbonate. A layer split of a transparent conductive oxide e.g. tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide or aluminum doped zinc oxide is provided in the module. A layer of semiconductor oxide is formed of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tin oxide or their combination. The layer of semiconductor oxide has one dye activated sub-layer of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, ruthenium complexes, osmium or iron. The catalyst layer includes platinum, palladium, graphite, carbon black, tin doped indium oxide, silicon dioxide particles or their mixtures. The substrate is obtained by using polymer or epoxy. Electrically conductive material is utilized in the module which is comprised of tin, silver, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead or alloys of different metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back layer consists of polyvinyl fluoride/polyethylene terephthalate laminate. The encapsulant is selected from the group consisting of non-olefin thermoplastic polymer or thermal polymer olefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polycarbonates, fluoropolymers, acrylics, ionomers, silicones and their combinations. The material of the fibers is selected from the group consisting of glass, high modulus polyimide, linear high molecular weight polyethylene, minerals and their combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic film comprises tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic layer comprises polyurethane. The coating includes a non-stick layer comprising fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent layer is transparent conducing oxide layer selected from indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide and aluminum zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The silicon-based layer is made of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon or micro-crystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electric-insulation layer is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, fluororesin and polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The secondary battery comprises lithium salt of olivine-type iron phosphate as positive electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer (A) is crosslinked polymer having crosslinkable functional group in a molecule, and is obtained by reacting crosslinkable groups contained in the molecule. The polymer (A) is further obtained using a monomer component containing vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylate. Preferred Properties: The electrolyte material has ionic conductivity of 10-6 S/cm or more at 25 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    n=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises operatively connecting a cathode to the anode-polymer electrolyte core-shell assembly to fabricate a three-dimensional battery; and soaking the polymer layer around the nanowires in lithium hexafluorophosphate. The step of infiltration comprises spin coating. The step of widening the pores of the template comprises using a solution of sodium hydroxide. Preferred Components: The nanowires comprise an anode material comprising nickel-tin (preferred), titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide, iron oxide, vanadium oxide, carbon nanotubes, silicon, lithium cobalt dioxide, and/or lithium-iron-phosphate. The nanowires are intermetallic nanowires comprising metallic elements comprising copper-antimony, copper-tin, titanium-silicon, aluminum-antimony, tin-antimony, and/or nickel-silicon. The nanowires comprise an oxide material comprising manganese dioxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium oxide, magnetite, copper oxide, and/or cobalt oxide. The template is an alumina template. The lithium hexafluorophosphate is 1M lithium hexafluorophosphate in solution. The cathode comprises a cathode material comprising lithium cobalt dioxide and lithium foil. The solution is a 3:1 solution of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer solution comprises a polymer comprising polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyldifluoride, and/or polyacrylonitrile. The polymer solution comprises polymethylmethacrylate in acetonitrile. The polymer layer around the nanowires has a uniform thickness of 20-100 nm, preferably 20-30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Unwanted cells or tissue are hyperproliferating cells or tissue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Graphite oxide is provided in aqueous solution comprising organic solvent(s). The graphite oxide is solid graphite oxide. Graphene is manufactured in the absence of chemical reducing agent. Graphite oxide is mixed with metal(s) or metal alloy(s), or semiconductor material, and graphene-supported metal or metal alloy nanoparticles, or graphene-supported semiconductor nanoparticles are produced during exposing process. The container containing photothermally active material(s) and container containing heatable medium, are the same. The container containing photothermally active material(s) and container containing seawater, are same. The transparent conducting layer has graphene monolayer on glass or polymer substrate. The back electrode comprises graphene. Preferred Composition: The semiconductor material is chosen from silicon, titanium oxide and zinc oxide. The photothermally active material(s) are dispersed in a liquid medium. The source of ultraviolet light, visible light or infrared light energy, is sunlight or laser. The heatable medium is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal(s) is gold, silver, palladium, cobalt, copper, platinum, nickel, iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, scandium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, erbium, ytterbium, aluminum, gallium, tin, lead, indium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and/or cesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reduction-processing is performed at 200-1000 degrees C in reducing environment comprising gas having reduction ability, or mixture of gas having reduction ability and inert gas, and intermediate product of composite particles is heat-processed. The gas having reduction ability is hydrogen gas. The amount of gas having reduction ability in the mixture is 1-10 volume% or 85-100 volume%. Preferred Component: The intermediate product of composite particles contains particles having reduction ability, preferably carbon particles. Intermediate product of composite particles, metal having reduction ability, and alloy are contacted and heat-processed. The metal having reduction ability is copper. Semiconductor particles and inorganic compound particles are conjugated using a spray dryer (100) and reduction-processed. The average particle diameter of primary particle of semiconductor particles is 1-10 nm. The inorganic compound particles are oxide particles chosen from silica particles and zirconia particles. The amount of semiconductor particles is 10-90 volume% of composite particles. The amount of composite particles with respect to total resin composition is 30-70 volume%. The wavelength conversion layer has corrugated structure in the surface. The elevation difference of corrugated structure is 300 nm to 100 mu m. The in-plane period of corrugated structure is 300 nm to 50 mu m. The corrugated structure has fine roughness shape. The photovoltaic device has a laminate formed by laminating 2 or more wavelength conversion layers. The shape of corrugated structure differs between two wavelength conversion layers. The resin composition is supplied by inkjet method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode is made of copper, nickel, aluminum and stainless steel alloy. The active material of negative electrode contains carbon-containing material or lithium titanate. The inorganic lithium salt is preferably lithium phosphate, lithium borate, lithium zirconate, lithium titanate, lithium silicate, lithium aluminate and lithium-aluminum-silicon oxide (LiAlSi2O6).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is organic electrolyte solution prepared using lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate monohydrate, lithium perchlorate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate as electrolyte and using ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate as solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The macromolecule polymer is chosen from polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone, polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyethersulfone and polyvinylidene-difluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is a random, alternating or block co-polymer comprising monomer units according to formula (IV) and at least a comonomer. The at least one comonomer is a homocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic group. The comonomer comprises thiophene compound of formula (VII).R=a linear or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.The copolymer has monomer units according to formula IV and comonomers in a ratio of from 3:2 to 1:49, preferably from 3:2 to 1:19 and most preferably from 1:4 to 1:19. Preferred Device: The opto-electronic device is a photovoltaic device comprising an anode, a cathode and the blend, where at least one of the anode or cathode is transparent to at least a portion of the solar spectrum. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The silicon dioxide is fumed silica or precipitated silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alcohol additive is propylene glycol, glycol and/or glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal catalyst is iron-nickel alloy sheet or nickel-manganese-cobalt alloy. The iron-nickel alloy sheet comprises iron and nickel at a ratio of 3:7. The nickel-manganese-cobalt alloy sheet comprises nickel, manganese and cobalt in a ratio of 70:25:5. The non-diamond substance is graphite, iron, nickel or cobalt. The mold is made of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium or their mixture. The metal catalyst is also selected from iron, ruthenium, palladium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese or copper. The temperature resistant metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is high grade fatty acid and its salt, fatty compound, amine or non-ion surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic material is polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide is rutile or anatase type titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV-resistant reagent is 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol; 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol; 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol; and/or 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-amylphenol. The main antioxidant is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxypropyl octadecyl propionate; beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)octadecyl propionate; and/or 2,2-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). The auxiliary antioxidant is tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite. The fire retardant is tetraphenyl bisphenol-A diphosphate and/or tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyphenylene ether is polymer of 2,6-dimethylphenol or copolymer of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, and has intrinsic viscosity of 0.2-0.6 dl/g. The polystyrene resin is polystyrene and/or high-impact polystyrene. The elastomer is butadiene styrene rubber, hydrogenated butadiene styrene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, or polyolefin. The polyolefin is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density PE (LDPE), linear LDPE, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butylene copolymer, and/or polypropylene. The silicone masterbatch is dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, ethyl hydroxy silicone oil, methylphenyl vinyl silicone rubber, and/or silicone resin with LDPE as carrier; and has siloxane content of 40-60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl-acetate-acrylic acid, ester copolymer saponified compound, or polyolefin-type resin. An ethylenic copolymer contains glycidylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The carrier comprises nickel mesh, iron-wire mesh or copper-wire mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water absorbent element is formed by cotton, sponge or a phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The water absorbent comprises polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, starch graft copolymers, or rubber blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first semiconductor layer comprises copper indium diselenide, and the second semiconductor layer comprises cadmium sulfide. The second electrode layer comprises molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The solar cell further has a modification layer (22) containing cesium carbonate, zinc oxide or titanium oxide. The optical interfacial layer contains indium tin oxide, indium zirconium oxide or titanium oxide. The buffer layer contains molybdenum oxide, vanadium pentoxide or nickel oxide. The substrate is glass substrate, quartz substrate or plastic substrate. The primary electrode is indium tin oxide electrode, or indium zirconium oxide electrode. The secondary electrode is metal electrode. The thickness of optical interfacial layer and buffer layer is 1-250 nm and 1-40 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active layer comprises poly(3-hexyl thiophene), (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, poly(2-methoxy-5(3'-7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The near field communication protocol is utilizing an ISO, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 18092and European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)-340 standard operating at a radio frequency (RF) of 13.56 MHz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste contains fatty-acid silver salt (B) (1-100 parts mass) with respect to silver powder (A) (100 parts mass), and further contains glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A heat isolation layer material is polystyrene foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rare earth elements is 0.01-20 wt.% with respect to composite particle. The content of composite particle is 30-70 vol.% with respect to resin composition. Preferred Components: The semiconductor particle contains rare earth elements. The rare earth elements are europium (Eu), ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), and/or thulium (Tm). The particles of inorganic compound are particles of silica (SiO2) and/or zirconia (ZrO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Structure: The wavelength conversion layer has corrugated structure in the surface. The corrugated structure has elevation difference of 300 nm-100 mu m and in-plane period of 300 nm-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium in the composite particles is 0.01 wt.% or more. The composite particles contain 20 wt.% or less of acetic acid. The semiconductor particles contain rare earth element chosen from europium, ytterbium, erbium and thulium. The content of rare earth element is 0.01-20 wt.% with respect to the whole particles. The content of the semiconductor particles is 10-80 vol.% of the whole composite particles. The inorganic compound particles are silica particles or zirconia particles. The content of the composite particles in the resin composition is 30-70 vol.%. The wavelength conversion layer is formed by inkjet method. Preferred Properties: The weight decrease of the composite particles after heating the particles from room temperature to 250-500 degrees C at a rate of 10 degrees C/minute is 20% or less measured using thermogravimetric analysis. The average particle diameter of the primary particles of the semiconductor particles is 1-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of semiconductor particles is 30-90 volume%, preferably 70-90 volume% with respect to total content of composite particles. The semiconductor particles are zinc element-containing particles. The zinc element-containing particles are zinc oxide particles and/or zinc silicate particles. The inorganic compound-containing particles are particles of oxide, preferably silica or zirconia particles. The content of composite particles in the resin composition is 30-70 volume%. The wavelength conversion layer in photovoltaic device has corrugated structure in inner surface. Preferred Properties: The elevation difference of the corrugated structure is 300 nm to 100 mu m and in-plane period of corrugated structure is 300 nm to 50 mu m. The average particle diameter of primary particles of semiconductor particles is 1-10 nm. The average particle diameter of primary particles of inorganic compound-containing particles is 1-30 nm. The average particle diameter of primary particles of composite particles is 20-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The strip-shaped electroconductive material contains aluminum, silver, gold or copper, preferably highly-purified tough pitch copper, low-oxidized copper, anoxia copper or phosphorus deoxidized copper. The plating layer contains tin-type solder alloy containing tin as primary component and 0.1 %mass or more of lead, indium, bismuth, antimony, silver, zinc, nickel and/or copper as secondary component. The lead wire further has oxidation film which is formed on plating layer having thickness of 7 nm or less. Preferred Properties: The volume resistivity of strip-shaped electroconductive material is 50 mu Omega .mm or less. The purity of copper is 99.9999%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The self-bonding material contains resin component containing phenoxy-type resin, polyvinyl butyral-type resin, polyamide-type resin, epoxy resin and/or polyester-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic film of the back surface protection sheet includes clay thin film that is made by stacking clay crystals precisely using vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, and nontronite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic elements are made of elastic material such as polymer, silicone, rubber, polyurethane or material having creeping deformation less than 10 percentage and/or comprising adhesive character.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plate grid of positive pole plate is lead-antimony alloy and the plate grid of negative pole plate is lead-calcium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a coupling agent. Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is present at 6-30 mass%, preferably 7-16 mass%. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide. The functional polyolefin is polymer of: ethylene; at least one functional monomer comprising (meth)acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, and glycidyl (meth)acrylate; and optionally additional monomer comprising 4-20C comprising vinyl ester, carboxylic acid, or alkyl (meth)acrylate. The polyolefin having functional monomer comprises 0.01-20 (0.1-10) mass% of the functional monomer; 0-45 (10-35) mass% of additional monomer; and 99.99-35 (89-55) mass% of ethylene. The functional monomer is polyolefin (Y) inserted by grafting or copolymerization. The polyolefin comprising the functional monomer is polyethylene having a density of 0.860-0.910 grafted by maleic anhydride, copolymer of ethylene-maleic anhydride, ethylene-methyl (meth)acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-ethyl (meth)acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-butyl (meth)acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl (meth)acrylate-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl (meth)acrylate-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-butyl (meth)acrylate-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer. The functional monomer is maleic anhydride. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in %): copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate, and maleic anhydride (90); and peroxide (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is water-soluble resin. The resin is thermally-decomposable resin. The resin is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises hydrogen peroxide, fluorine ion, chlorine ion and/or sulfate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The metal is titanium and/or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The electrolyte layer contains poly(hexafluoropropylene), polyacrylonitrile-type polymer, polyethyleneoxide-type polymer and/or polyalkylacrylate-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant comprises phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. The metal comprises gold. The gas comprises silicon or a mixture of silane and nitrogen. The first substrate is made of silicon. The second substrate is made of glass or plastic. The electrode comprises aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic layer is made of poly-(3-hexylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The phosphonic acid polymer further has repeating unit of formula (II) or (III).n=not defined.N.B: n is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The groove is arranged in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the fiber, preferably perpendicular to a direction of a longitudinal axis of the fiber all around the fiber. In the material, a depth and a width of the groove is at most one tenth of a diameter of the fiber. The matrix material comprises an element consisting of epoxy, polyester, polyurethane and/or a plant based resin. The fiber material comprises an element consisting of glass, carbon, aramid and/or basalt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner and outer frames of battery pack is formed of some of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner and outer frames are formed of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The collector is polarization electrode or di-polarization electrode. The conductive and anti-electrolyte corrosion composition is coated on surface of the metal sheet, or on surface of the polymer plate grid. The carbon nanotube is single-wall carbon nanotube and multi-wall nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal sheet is aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, iron and/or its alloys. The composition coated on metal sheet comprises metal silicide and adhesive. The second composition is coated on composition coated on the metal sheet; for negative electrode, the second composition on the polymer plate grid comprises carbon nanotube, lead/lead alloy and adhesive; and for positive electrode, the second composition on the polymer plate grid comprises lead/lead alloy, metal silicide and adhesive. The metal silicide is titanium silicide, niobium silicide or tantalum silicide. The lead/lead alloy is lead alloy micro plate grid and/or lead/lead alloy powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The at least one of polymer elements is polymer plate grid or polymer sheet. The polymer elements comprise polymers for resisting lead-acid cell electrolyte corrosion. The composition on the polymer plate grid comprises carbon nanotube, lead/lead alloy and adhesive, for negative electrode; and for positive electrode, the composition on the polymer plate grid comprises lead dioxide and adhesive. The adhesive is epoxy resin, polymer, mixture of polymer and epoxy resin and polymer adhesive. The polymer is polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises:(A) preparing (acrylic acid/allyloxy polyethylene glycol) copolymer by adding acrylic acid, allyloxy polyethylene glycol, ammonium persulfate as initiating agent, sodium hydrogen sulfite, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, and solvent at a mass ratio of 1:(0.31-1.88):(0.02-0.2):(0.005-0.5):(0.005-0.2):(3.12-31.2) to a flask, introducing nitrogen, stirring the mixture for pre-condensation for 0.2-0.5 hours at room temperature, slowly dropping the aqueous solution of allyloxy polyethylene glycol, stirring for 6-12 hours at the atmosphere of nitrogen in room temperature, pouring the solution in the flask, standing the solution for 12-24 hours to form a uniform-phase thin film, purifying by soaking the thin film in distilled water for 48 hours, replacing the distilled water at interval of 12 hours, and drying the film at a constant weight in a vacuum oven at 80 degrees C; and(B) soaking the thin film in a liquid electrolyte for 4 days, absorbing the liquid on the surface of the thin film using a filter paper, where the mass ratio of the thin film and the liquid electrolyte is 1:(7.25-30), the liquid electrolyte is formed by mixing potassium iodide, iodine, and gamma -butyrolactone at a mass ratio of 1:1.5:13.5, the solvent is water, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, dioxane, or dimethyl sulfoxide and the mass ratio of ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite is 4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor nanocrystals are crystals selected from group IV elements, group IIA-VIB compounds, group IIIA-VB compounds, and group IIIB-VB compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent member includes transparent resin film. The filling layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The first electrode comprises: the conductive fiber layer containing a metal nanowire; and the transparent conductive layer containing: (i) the conductive polymer (P1); and (ii) the aqueous binder comprising the polymer (A1). The conductive fiber is a metal nanowire. The transparent conductive layer of the first electrode contains conductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aqueous binder comprises the polymer (A1). The polyanion contains a sulfo group as an anionic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The wavelength conversion layer has corrugated structure with elevation difference of 300 nm-100 mu m and in-plane periods of 300 nm-50 mu m. The corrugated structure has fine roughness shape. The wavelength conversion layer is formed by hardening the resin composition supplied by inkjet method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare earth element is chosen from dysprosium, europium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium. The alkali metal is lithium. The content of rare earth element is 0.01-30 wt.% of the whole composite particles and the content of alkali metal is 1-20 wt.% of the content of the rare earth element. The semiconductor particles are zinc oxide particles and have average particle diameter of primary particles of 1-100 nm. The inorganic compound particles are oxides preferably chosen from silica particles and zirconia particles. The content of the semiconductor particles is 10-80 vol.% of the whole composite particles. The content of the composite particles in the resin composition is 30-70 vol.% with respect to the whole composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor particles are zinc element-containing particles. The zinc element-containing particles are zinc oxide particles and/or zinc silicate particles. The inorganic compound-containing particles are particles of oxide, preferably silica or zirconia particles. The content of composite particles in the resin composition is 30-70 volume%. The wavelength conversion layer in photovoltaic device has corrugated structure in inner surface. Preferred Properties: The elevation difference of the corrugated structure is 300 nm to 100 mu m and in-plane period of corrugated structure is 300 nm to 50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles contain silica particles. The inorganic layer is chosen from silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film and silicon oxy nitride film. The inorganic layer is formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hard coat layer is formed by hardening composition containing 1-95 wt.% of inorganic particles with average particle diameter of 400 nm or less and 99-5 wt.% of organic components. The organic component contains (meth)acrylate and/or (meth)acryloyl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fumaric acid diester type resin contains 50 mol% or more of fumaric acid diester residue units of formula: -CH(-C(=O)-O-R1)-CH(-C(=O)-O-R2)- (I).R1,R2=branched 3-12C alkyl or 3-12C cycloalkyl.Preferred Properties: The film containing fumaric acid diester type resin has thickness of 30-200 mu m and the hard coat layer has thickness of 1-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chlorine-containing species contain cadmium chloride, stannous chloride, sodium chloride and/or hydrochloric acid, and chlorine-containing inert gas. The absorber layer contains cadmium telluride, cadmium zinc telluride, cadmium manganese telluride, cadmium sulfur telluride or cadmium magnesium telluride. The back content layer contains metal chosen from zinc, copper, nickel, silicon and magnesium, and hydrogen doped amorphous silicon, hydrogen doped silicon carbide, crystalline silicon, hydrogen-doped microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, hydrogen-doped silicon-germanium alloy, hydrogen-doped microcrystalline silicon-germanium alloy and/or gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chlorine-containing inert gas contains chlorofluorocarbon and/or hydrochlorofluorocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically conductive layer is selected from a group consisting of films comprising conductive oxide e.g. indium tin oxide, fluorine-or antimony-doped tin oxide, niobium- or tantalum-doped titanium oxide, or oxynitride e.g. titanium oxynitride and vanadium oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive layer is selected from a group consisting of films comprising metal e.g. gold, platinum, ruthenium, indium, nickel, steel, chromium, palladium and nichrome, or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fibers are selected from a group consisting of polymer fibers, polyamide nylon, polyester fibers, phenol-formaldehyde fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, PVC fibers, polyolefin fibers, acryl fibers, polyacrylnitrile fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, polyethylene fibers and polyurethane fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic-inorganic composite coating film further comprises: (a) hydrolysis-condensation product of silicon compound comprising R1nSiX4-n (1), X3Si-R2n-SiX3 (2), and R3-(O-Si(OR3)2)n-OR3 (3), where mass ratio of (a) component and (b) component is a/b=150/100 - 450/100, and mass ratio of (a) component and (c)component is c/a=0.2/100-300/100.R1=H or 1-10C alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl groups, or their substituents;X=hydrolysis group;n=0-3 for (1), 0 or 1 for (2), and 2-8 for (3);R2=1-6C alkylene group or phenylene group; andR3=1-6C alkyl group.Preferred Parameter: The diameter of hole of coating film surface is 2-500 nm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating film further comprises a compound having a cross-linkable group or a polymerizable group. The compound having a cross-linkable group or a polymerizable group is at least one selected from a polymer having a cross-linkable group, an oligomer having a cross-linkable group and a monomer having a cross-linkable group. The charge transporting agent is a compound having a polymerizable group. The charge transporting agent incorporated in the coating film is a charge transporting agent precursor that becomes a charge transporting agent by plasma treatment. The charge transport film further comprises a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity. The charge transporting agent comprises a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity. Coating film comprises a compound represented by A-G or T-G.A=a residue of a compound that can exist in a liquid crystalline state;G=a polymerizable group selected from radically polymerizable groups and cationically polymerizable groups, or a cross-linkable group; andT=a residue of a triphenylamine compound.Preferred Method: In producing charge transport film, the application of plasma is performed at ordinary temperature. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of doubling rubber is ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer or triglycol isoctoate plasticizer. The material of blackboard is polyvinyl fluoride composite film (TPT) or polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is a material chosen from carbonaceous material, lithium titanate, silicon, tin, copper, silica, tin oxide, tin alloy, metal foil, conductive polymer, conductive ceramics, transition metal oxide, lithium metal nitride, and lithium metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carrier is synthetic or semi-synthetic amorphous solid resin, cellulosic or metallic carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The fullerene core is 60C, 70C, 76C, 78C, 82C, 84C or 92C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor component is a polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyphenylene, poly(para-phenylene vinylene), polythienylvinylene, polythiophene, polyporphyrin, porphyrinic macrocycle, polymetallocene, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphthalocyanine, discotic liquid crystal polymer and/or their derivatives. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. triphenylamine-C60 butyric acid methyl ester (TPA-C60BM) (Ia), 9,9-dimethylfluorene (MF)-C60BM, TPA-C70BM, MF-C70BM and TPA-C84BM.    EXAMPLE - Methyl 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl)butyrate (360 mg) was dissolved into dry pyridine (10 ml) under nitrogen. Then, the sodium methoxide (45 mg) was added quickly under nitrogen, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. 60C (400 mg) in dichlorobenzene (30 ml) was added in one portion. The resulted purple solution was heated to 70-80 degrees C and stirred for 48 hours. Then, the solution was heated to reflux and stirred for 24 hours, and worked up to obtain triphenylamine-C60 butyric acid methyl ester (35%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sulfonation degree of sulfonated polymer is preferably 100-114%, more preferably 106-110%. The weight average molecular weight of soluble polymer is 35000-65000, preferably 45000-55000, more preferably 48000-52000. The thickness of polymer blend proton exchange film is 30-200 mu m, preferably 50-100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The sulfonated polymer is prepared using non-sulfonated polymer having melt viscosity of 100-500 cP, preferably 300-450 cP, more preferably 350-400 cP at 300-500 degrees C. The non-sulfonated polymer is capable of directly dissolving in concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid. The content of concentrated sulfuric acid is 2-15 ml/g, preferably 5-7 ml/g. The content of soluble polymer is 10-50 weight%, preferably 18-35 weight%, more preferably 22-32 weight%, with respect to total weight of polymer blend proton exchange film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The pyrene compound is chosen from 16 compounds e.g. compounds of formulae (II)-(VI).R1,R2=1-20C linear or branched alkyl, 1-20C heterocycloalkyl, 6-20C aryl or heteroaryl;andR3,R4=1-20C linear or branched alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 1-20C aryl, 1-20C heterocycloalkyl, 6-20C aryl or heteroaryl.Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion material (1-3 wt.%) is dissolved in a solvent chosen from chlorobenzene, chloroform and 1,2-o-dichlorobenzene. The conversion material is applied by spin coating method, inkjet printing method and screen printing method. Preferred Definitions:    n/(l+m+n)=more than 0 and 0.05 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating further comprises graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface comprises paper, cardboard or polymer selected from poly(ethylene terephthalate), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, silicones, polystyrene, poly(lactic acid), and biaxially-oriented polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface deposits of mixed metal oxide catalysts are crystalline phase, a polycrystalline phase, an amorphous phase of two or more metals or metal oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, iridium, lithium, osmium, rhenium, vanadium, tungsten, tantalum, palladium, lead, tin, titanium and magnesium; with an average metal oxide thickness greater than 1 nm and less than 30 nm. The preformed porous carbon structure has a pore volume of 75-90% versus the combined pore and solid material volume, a specific surface area greater than 400 m2g-1, and a majority of the pore volume having a pore diameter of 10-100 nm. Preferred Components: The preformed porous carbon structure is derived from the pyrolization of a resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer material with structural features formed by combined aerogel and silica templating processes, where the polymer is supported by electrospun polymer fiber, carbon nanotubes and/or carbon nanofibers. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The fullerene molecules are selected from buckminsterfullerene (C60) and C70. The molecules forming supramolecular networks on the substrate are selected from dibenzotetrathienocoronene molecules and contorted hexabenzocoronones. The substrate is selected from indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: The power conversion efficiency of the one or more organic photovoltaic devices is greater than or equal to 3.0%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic peroxide is 2-ethylperhexanoate of tert-butyl, 2-ethylperhexanoate of tert-amyl, 1,1,-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, bisdecanoyl peroxide, and dilauroyl peroxide. The weight ratio of the organic peroxide to the co-crosslinking agent is 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 1:3 to 3:1. Preferred Composition: The crosslinking system is present at 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 1-5 wt.% of the composition. Preferred Components: The co-crosslinking agent is triallyl cyanurate (preferred), triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, and trimethacrylate trimethylolpropane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyolefin, preferably copolymer of ethylene and ethylene monomer having polar functional group, where the monomer comprises 3-20C, preferably 4-8C. The ethylene monomer is vinyl acetate, (meth)acrylate of methyl, ethyl or butyl. The copolymer comprises 10-60 (preferably 25-45) mass% of ethylene monomer having polar function. Preferred Process: The process comprises mixing a masterbatch comprising the organic peroxide, polymer and co-crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion secondary battery has positive electrode active material containing lithium-iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide particles are acidic or neutral fine particles. The inorganic oxide particles are silica particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinkable functional group is 10-60 %mass with respect to 100 %mass of inorganic oxide particles. The crosslinkable functional group is chosen from vinyl group, acryloyl group, (meth)acryloyl group, allyl group, epoxy group, oxetane group, isocyanate group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressure is applied without melting non-melted polymeric material. The supplied raw material is sealed in air-tight state, and pressure is applied. The concentration of slurry is 0.1-50 wt.%, preferably 0.1-15 wt.%. The liquid is capable of forming slurry and is formed using water or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component (i) is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer. It is a cross-linked synthetic polymer. Component (i) is selected from poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate), poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) and salts, poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) and salts, polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyester and silicone. The component (i) is poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate). Component (i) is cross-linked poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate). Cross-linking originates from addition of an organic compound with peroxide functionality to a formerly thermoplastic polymer. The photovoltaic semiconductor contains where the photovoltaic semiconductor contains crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium selenide (CuInSe2), copper indium gallium selenide (Cu(InGa)Se2) or cadmium telluride (CdTe)-cadmium sulfide (CdS). Layer or layers of component (b) contain one or more further components selected from the group of benzotriazole UV absorber, triazine-based UV-absorber, sterically hindered amine, phenolic antioxidant, basic co-stabilizer and neutralizer. Layer or layers of component (b) have a thickness of 10 to 2000 mu m. Component (ii) is present in 0.01 % to 10% relative to the weight of component (i). Preferred Definitions:    X=2-10C alkylene; and    R2=hydrogen or tert-butyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phthalocyanine nanowire contains optionally substituted phthalocyanine. The unsubstituted phthalocyanine is unsubstituted copper phthalocyanine, unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine or unsubstituted iron phthalocyanine. The phthalocyanine has substituent of formulae (I)-(III).X=copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, tin, lead, magnesium, silicon or iron atom;Y1-Y4=-(CH2)n-, -CH=CH-, -CC-, -O-, -NH-, -S-, -S(O)- or -S(O)2-;R1-R4=group (G) chosen from fullerene, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or phthalimide (all optionally substituted), preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylene, phenylene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, thiophene, benzopyrrole and phthalimide;a-d=0-4;n=1-10;Z=Q'-C-(CH2CH(-Q)-O)n-CH2-CH(-Q)- or -(CH2)m-N(-R)(-R')-;n'=4-100;Q=H or methyl;Q'=1-30C noncyclic hydrocarbyl;m=1-20;andR,R'=1-20C alkyl.(i) When Y1-Y4 represent bonding group, R1-R4 are phthalocyanine structure; and (ii) When Y1-Y4 are not bonding group, R1-R4 are SO3H, CO2H or group (G). Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element material further contains electron accepting material chosen from fullerene, electron-accepting polymer and perylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermal insulation backboard and the thermal insulation layer are made of phenol formaldehyde foam materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The fabricating of fiber is by forcing the composition through an orifice (where the orifice shape is selected from square, rectangular or triangular). The fiber is fabricated by extrusion. EXAMPLE - A lead alumino-borosilicate frit (containing silica (23%), aluminum oxide (0.4%), lead oxide (58.8%), boron oxide (7.8%), titanium (IV) oxide (6.1%) and cadmium oxide (3.9%) (23.09 g); zinc oxide (30.77 g); silver powder (615.8 g) and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (33.44 g, having average molecular weight of 720000) were blended well. The frit and the zinc oxide had a median particle size of approximately 1.5 microns. The silver powder was a mixture of flakes and spherical particles from 1 to 10 microns. A 2% solution of polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight of 400) in water was prepared. The solution was added to the powder mixture while mixing until thick dough was formed. During the addition of the solvent, Triton X-100 (RTM: non-ionic surfactant) (1.073 g) was added. The dough was further mixed by running it several times through an extruder, with a die on the front with 0.64 cm holes. Finally, a die with 400 micron circular holes was affixed to the extruder, and fibers were extruded either directly onto solar cells, onto glass slides, or onto a rack for later placement onto the cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The group of spacers are composed of resins selected from silicon resin, polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin and ethylene acrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin layers has silicon type adhesive agent, isocyanate type adhesive agent, epoxy resin type adhesive agent, ethylene propylene diene rubber and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emissive display structure includes anode layer (A), hole transport layer, organic light emitting layer, electron transport layer and cathode layer (A). The organic light emitting layer and electron transport layer contains tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum. The hole transport layer contains N,N-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N-bis(phenyl)benzidine. The electron injection layer contains lithium fluoride. The photovoltaic layer contains N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The liquid crystal display structure is polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer and cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The base material is translucent laminated material chosen from translucent substrate consisting of ceramics, polymeric material containing glass, transparent electroconductive material containing ceramics, transparent electroconductive material containing glass, polymeric material and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflecting film further contains metallic element containing silver (75 %mass or more). The metal oxide is oxide or complex oxide of metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, indium and antimony. The metal hydroxide is hydroxide containing metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, indium and antimony. The organic metallic compound is metal soap, metal complex or metal alkoxide containing metal chosen from silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, silver, copper, zinc, molybdenum and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon skeleton in the metal nanoparticles is chemically modified using 1-3C organic molecule principal chain of protective agent. The electroconductive reflecting film contains 1 %mass or more of water and 2 %mass or more of alcohol as a dispersion medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reflecting film contains substance chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and water-soluble cellulose. The composition further contains additive chosen from organic polymer, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, organometallic compound and silicone oil. The organic polymer is substance chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and water-soluble cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric composition comprises one element selected from aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide. The particle of metal comprises one element selected from silver, gold, nickel, aluminum and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fiber spacers comprise protective jackets which envelop individual fibers at least partly. Each protective jacket is made of a porous material, which is able to be permeated by the matrix material. The thickness of each protective jacket is 1-10% of a diameter of the fibers. The protective jackets are adapted to be applied to the fibers following an initial sizing process as a solution or as dispersion. The protective jackets are adapted to be applied and co-extruded during a drawing process of the fibers. The fiber spacers comprise particles which are able to be adhered to the surface of the fibers. The length of the particles is up to one tenth of the diameter of the fibers. The diameter of the particles is up to one tenth of the diameter of the fibers. The particles comprise nano-particles. The particles are able to be adhered to the surface of the fibers during a sizing process of the fibers. The particles are able to be applied to the surface of the fibers in the form of an aerosol. The matrix material comprises epoxy, polyester, polyurethane or a plant based resin. The fibers comprise glass, carbon, aramid or basalt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conduction terminals and lock sheet are made of metal material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front surface and the rear surface are made of transparent polycarbonate (PC) force-resistant plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide layer comprises zinc oxide, titanium oxide and tin oxide. The pH controller comprises sodium tetraborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tris(trialkyl silyl) borate is of formula (B(-O-Si(CH3)3(-O-Si(CH3)3)(-O-Si(CH3)3))). The lithium bis(oxalato)borate is present at 0.1-2.5 wt.%, and the tris(trialkylsilyl)borate is present at 0.1-1.5 wt.%. The lithium bis(oxalato) borate and the tris(trialkylsilyl)borate are present at 1:1-4:1, respectively. (I) further comprises a halogenated carbonate compound. The positive active material comprises lithium cobalt dioxide, and a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite compound. (I) comprises at least two different types of the tris(trialkylsilyl)borate. EXAMPLE - Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (1 wt.%) and tris(trimethylsilyl)borate (0.5 wt.%) were mixed in an organic solvent including lithium hexafluorophosphate (1.4 M) dissolved in it. The organic solvent includes ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and dimethylcarbonate in a ratio of 2:2:6, to give an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution comprises titanium tetrachloride. The transparent counter electrode is platinum plated conducting glass. The transparent substrate is a transparent conducting glass. Preferred Method: The nanometer titanium dioxide is added drop wise to the glass surface of the conductive surface of the transparent conducting glass and then is rolled by a glass rod until a uniform film is formed. The surface is sintered in a muffle furnace, and then titanium tetrachloride solution is added drop wise to the surface of a sintered titanium dioxide film after drying. The coated parts are soaked, and then the titanium dioxide film is washed with double distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and is blow dried and placed to the muffle furnace to be sintered. The conducting glass coated with the titanium dioxide film is soaked at a cyanine dye solution and a polymethin dye solution respectively after cooling, and finally the dye sensitized solar cell is assembled and packaged through the platinum plated conducting glass and the conducting glass coated with the titanium dioxide film. The battery chamber is equipped with the controller and a polymer lithium ion battery inside.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dye sensitized solar battery pack comprises a transparent substrate, a porous nanocrystalline titanium dioxide film, a dye photosensitizer, an electrolyte solution and a transparent counter electrode. A generator of the wind impeller and the dye sensitized solar cell are connected into the polymer lithium ion battery through the controller, and the polymer lithium ion battery is connected with the LED street light through the controller    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dye photosensitizer comprises cyanine dye or polymethin dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The charge port is a Universal serial bus (USB) charge port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The floor warming type drying system utilizing smoke waste heat of a boiler is a heat exchange system for introducing a smoke exhausting channel of the boiler to a high-temperature smoke exhausting channel and low-temperature water; the hot water after heat exchange is introduced to a hot water pipeline; and the floor warming type drying system is the floor warming type drying system for releasing heat from the hot water pipeline to a floor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of component (b2) with respect to component (b) is 0.1/1-0.5/1. Mass ratio of component (b2) with respect to content of component (a1) is 0.1/1-1/1. Mass ratio of component (b2) with respect to component (b1) is 0.01/1-1/1. Preferred Components: Particles are obtained by polymerizing at least one or more types of component selected from another vinyl monomer where (b2) component and copolymerization are possible. Component (b) equips with core layer and shell layer of one layer, or two or more layers which coat the core layer. Component (b2) is a vinyl monomer which has secondary and/or tertiary amide group. The composition further comprises: (c) one or more types of hydrolysable silicon compound selected from R1nSiX4-n (1), X3Si-R2n-SiX3 (2), and R3-(O-Si(OR3)2)n-OR3 (3), where mass ratio of component (c) with respect to component (a1) is 1/100-100/100.R1=1-10C alkyl group which may have a hydrogen atom or a halogen group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, a (meth)acryloyl group, or an epoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or an aryl group;X=a hydrolysable group;n=0-3 for (1), 0 or 1 for (2), and 2-8 for (3);R2=1-6C alkylene group or phenylene group; andR3=1-6C alkyl group.The member for energy conversion apparatuses is equipped with the coating film as protection member of solar cell; or equipped with the coating film as protection member of light reflector. Preferred Parameters: The particle diameter of the component (c) is 10-100 nm. The member for energy conversion apparatuses has haze value of the coating film is 10% or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal thiocyanate compound is chosen from a group comprising lithium thiocyanate compound, sodium thiocyanate compound or potassium thiocyanate compound. The transparent n-type semiconductor compound is chosen from a group comprising titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and tin dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic solid electroconductive material is a needle crystal or fiber-like tin oxide-coated titanium oxide having number average fiber length of 5-15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of color pigment is 40-70 %mass with respect to total content of resin layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains aliphatic-type polyisocyanate resin, alicyclic-type polyisocyanate resin, aromatic polyisocyanate and/or aroma aliphatic-type polyisocyanate resin. The electroconductive material is cationic antistatic agent and/or inorganic solid electroconductive material. Preferred Property: The resin layer has surface resistance of 1x 107-1x 1015 Omega /square after irradiating layer at 60 degrees C and 50% RH using ultraviolet-ray by with energy of 384 kWh/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ratio of light absorbency of the aliphatic polycarbonate component of the coated layer at vicinity of 1460 cm-1 with respect to light absorbency of urethane component of the coated layer at vicinity of 1530 cm-1 vicinity is 0.7-1.6, preferably 0.5-1.55. Preferred Composition: The coated layer further contains crosslinking agent chosen from melamine-type crosslinking agent, isocyanate-type crosslinking agent, carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent and oxazoline-type crosslinking agent. The content of crosslinking agent in the coated layer with respect to urethane resin is 5-90 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated diene-type block copolymer further contains aromatic vinyl compound polymer block (C) (80 %mass or more) having aromatic alkenyl compound unit. The hydrogenated conjugated diene-type block copolymer further has functional group(s) chosen from carboxyl group, acid-anhydride group, epoxy group, (meth)acryloyl group, amino group and alkoxy silyl group. The mass ratio of polyethylene-type polymer to hydrogenated conjugated diene type block copolymer is 25:75-70:30. The sealing material further contains olefin polymer containing functional groups chosen from carboxyl group, acid anhydride group, a epoxy group, (meth)acryloyl group, amino group, alkoxy silyl group, hydroxyl group, isocyanate group and oxazoline group, and silane modified-polymer which is obtained by reacting silane-modified ethylene and vinyl acetate polymer with alkoxy silyl group-containing silane coupling agent and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameters: In the solar energy water treatment apparatus, the flow rate of the treatment water is 0.1-2, preferably 0.5-0.8 l/m2/minute of the metal surface. The metal surface has an angle of inclination of 2-20 degrees from the one end region to the opposed end region. The angle of inclination is 5-10 degrees . The metal surface is an upwardly facing base surface of a metal foil tray, where the metal foil tray is an aluminum or aluminum alloy metal foil tray. Also, the metal surface is contained within a treatment chamber bounded on an upper side by the solar energy transfer panel and on a lower side by a second panel spaced below but adjacent a lower face of the metal surface. The removable filter layer covers 20-80% or substantially all of the metal surface. Preferred Components: The panels are formed by flexible sheets of plastic material contained at their edges by rigid frame members, the frame members also supporting the metal surface. The metal surface is a hydrophilic surface. A porous removable filter layer is positioned on the metal surface with an upper edge adjacent treatment water supply means to the metal surface, the filter layer having a lower edge spaced from the water collection means. The removable filter layer is formed from a biodegradable filter material, where the biodegradable filter material is a cellulose based material. The solar energy water treatment apparatus comprises sensor means for sensing a characteristic of the treatment water immediately upon discharge from the apparatus, where the characteristic includes any one or more of temperature, dissolved solids, suspended solids, bacteria or pathogens. Furthermore, in the solar energy water treatment apparatus, the bacteria and/or pathogens in the treatment water collected by the collection means or the last the collection means in a connected series of the treatment apparatus are destroyed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The monomer mixture is polymerized by cast polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The insulator comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyimide (PI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is an ITO (indium tin oxide) glass substrate, plastic, or cloth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tuning layer is Cs2CO3 (cesium carbonate). The method further involves etching the substrate using a solution of HCl/HNO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active layer coating is P3HT (poly-3-hexylthiophene)/PCBM ((6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tray, fixing rails and the fixing device made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The ceramic oxide is oxide of aluminum, magnesium or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery has battery capacity of 10 Ah or more and output of more than 800 W.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains positive electrode active material containing lithium-transition metal composite oxide. The content of nickel in metal excluding lithium in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is 50 mol% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layered inorganic compound film contains resin components (0.1-40 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises at least one phosphorus-containing dispersing agent. The IR shielding component generally contains at least 0.1 wt.% of particles of at least one hexaboride of formula (XB6), and at least 1 wt.% of organic dispersant. The composition phosphorus containing dispersing agent having a structure of formula ((CH2=C(R1)-C(=O)-O-A-O)m-P(=O)(-OR2)3-m). The phosphorus containing dispersing agent comprises the reaction products of phosphorus pentoxide with hydroxy group containing (meth)acrylates.X = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sr or Ca;R1 = H or alkyl 1-8C, preferably methyl;R2 = H (preferred), 1-8C alkyl or 1-8C haloalkyl;A = 1-9C alkylene, optionally 1-3C ether and/or -OC(O)- bridges, preferably ethylene; andm = 1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises acyl phosphine type photo initiator (0.01-2 wt.%) and/or alpha -hydroxyketone type photo initiator (0.01-3 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: IR shielding component (0.001-10 wt.%); at least one radiation curable monomer (5-95 wt.%) of mono-, di-, tri- and/or tetra-(meth)acrylates; and at least one radiation curable (meth)acrylated oligomer (5-90 wt.%) of urethane (meth)acrylates. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): methyl methacrylate (90.7); nanoparticle powder (1) (comprising lanthanum boride (10), zirconium oxide (15), and organic dispersing agents (75)); phosphoric acid ester acrylate (5); and photoinitiator (3.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (A) is isoindole compound of formula (I) and/or allyl group-containing diimido compound. The component (C) contains tricyclo decane diol-di(meth)acrylate of formula (II). The component (C) contains diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate and/or dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate. The compound (D) is triazine-type compound. The triazine-type compound is chosen from melamine, melamine derivative or N'-tert-butyl-N-cyclopropyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine.R=-CH2- or -CH2R';G=bivalent or trivalent compound of formula (i), (ii) or (iii);m=valency of G;R'=2-10C linear or branched alkylene;R1-R7=H or methyl;p=2-5;andn,r=0-5.Preferred Property: The curable composition has viscosity of 200 mPa.second or less at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive fiber is graphite fiber. The conductive carbon material is material of nano-carbon tube, high boron graphite, super-conductive carbon, anode graphite conductive agent KS-15 and/or positive graphite conductive agent KS6. The metal oxide is tin oxide, bismuth oxide and/or cerium oxide. Preferred Property: The graphite fiber has a length of 3-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The micropore layer is obtained by coating conducting carbon powder, hydrophobic agent and pore forming agent and sintering at high temperature. The conductive carbon powder includes acetylene black or pearl carbon. The pore forming agent is ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium glycyrrhizate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrochromic material of electrochromic element comprises thermal electrochromic material. The thermal electrochromic material includes vanadium dioxide. The membrane solar batteries comprise a silicon membrane solar battery, a copper-indium-gallium-selenium membrane solar battery or a tellurium cadmium membrane solar battery. The former transparent substrate or the latter transparent substrate includes glass, plastic or flexible substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The lithium ion battery composite material is prepared by dissolving certain quantity of ferric salt in deionized water, in which surface active agent as regulation agent and precipitator ammonium hydrogen phosphate are added for obtaining iron (III) phosphate. The obtained iron (III) phosphate is mixed with lithium salt and carbon source at 450 degrees C for preparing the composite material. Preferred Components: The ferric salt is selected from iron (III) sulfate or ferric chloride. The lithium salt is selected from lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate. The pre-burning and post treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, argon or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is selected from polyethylene glycol, P-123 or cetyl trimethylammonium bromide. The lithium salt is lithium acetate. The carbon source is selected from sucrose, glucose or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic material is titanium dioxide or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weather resistant layers comprise (pts.wt.) poly(vinylidene difluoride) (20-80), acrylic resin (10-50), and inorganic material (1-30). The acrylic resin is polymer; or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, or butyl acrylate. The electric insulation layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The bonding layers are polyurethane adhesive or acrylic adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal sulfide is compound of cupreous sulfide and pyrite powder. The granularities of precipitated barium sulfate, metal sulfide and zinc stearate are not greater than 300 meshes. The granularity of powder hydrogenated butyronitrile rubber is not greater than 200 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The diameter of the Kevlar (RTM: poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide) is 12 mu m, and length is 1-3 mm. The metallic fiber is red copper fiber (diameter is 0.10-0.20 mm and length is 4-6 mm). The length of the carbon fiber is 3-20 mm. Preferred Method: The steel back surface of damp friction brake is statically molded and anti-rusted and is hot cured.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A conductive layer formed on the substrate comprises gold, silver, copper, platinum, nickel, tin, tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and/or carbon. A catalyst layer formed on the conductive layer comprises platinum and/or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate or lithium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphor-containing chelating agent is amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, hydroxyl ethylidene di-phosphonic acid, 2-phosphonic acid butane-1,2,4-tri-carboxylic acid, diethylenetriamine penta-methylene phosphonic acid or ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon source is cane sugar, polyethylene glycol, starch, polyacrylic acid or glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bonding agent is silica sol or alumina sol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The second electrode comprises platinum, conductive polymer, carbon or composite materials. The Zn-containing compound comprises Zn-containing inorganic metal salts or organic Zn-containing compounds. The alkaline aqueous solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The acidic aqueous solution is a nitric acid or hydrogen chloride aqueous solution. The solvent of the binder solution comprises water, 1-4C alcohol, terpineol or carbitol, and a binder of the binder solution comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), ethyl cellulose (EC) or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing film further contains crosslinking adjuvant which is triaryl isocyanurate. The content of alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, crosslinking agent and crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 parts mass is 0.05-1 parts mass, 1-2 parts mass and 1.5-2.5 parts mass, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of white inorganic pigment is 0.1-2 mu m, measured by laser diffraction apparatus, based on JIS Z 8825-1. The average particle diameter of inorganic pigment for color-adjustment is 0.1-2 mu m, measured by laser diffraction apparatus based on JIS Z 8825-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: At least one of two types of polyvinylidene fluorides is pellet, and the other is powder. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of pellet polyvinylidene fluoride is 1-6 mm, measured by dry-type sifting testing based on JIS K 0069. The average particle diameter of powder polyvinylidene fluoride is 3-30 mu m, measured by laser diffraction apparatus based on JIS Z 8825-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The quaternary chalcogenide comprises crystallites of copper-zinc-tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4) (CZTS), copper-zinc-tin selenide (Cu2ZnSnSe4) (CZTSe), CZTS/Se, or CZTS/Se/Te. The crystallites have an average longest dimension of 0.1-99 microns. The elemental chalcogen is elemental sulfur. The content of elemental sulfur is 2.5 wt.%. Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass, metal, polymer substrate, molybdenum-coated soda lime glass, molybdenum-coated polyimide film, and/or molybdenum-coated polyimide film further coated with a thin layer of sodium compound chosen from sodium fluoride, sodium sulfide, and sodium selenide. Preferred Method: The composition is dried to form a coated substrate comprising a coating on the substrate. The thickness of coating on the coated substrate is 0.1-99 microns. The coated substrate is heated to 50-1000 degrees C, preferably 400-600 degrees C, to form a pure crystalline quaternary chalcogenide. Heating is carried out in the presence of oxygen. Preferred Definitions:    E1=Cu;    E2=Zn;    E3=Sn;and    Ch=S or Se.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of carbon shot fiber (A) and carbon fiber precursor shot fiber (b) and/or fibril-like carbon-like precursor fiber (b') is 20:80-80:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyfunctional methacrylate with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene/unsaturated ester copolymer is 0.15-0.5 parts mass. The content of triallyl isocyanurate with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene/unsaturated ester copolymer is 0.5-7.5 parts mass. The content of crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene/unsaturated ester copolymer is 1-2 parts mass. Preferred Component: The polyfunctional methacrylate is dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The glycol component of polyester resin (B) contains 60 mol% or more of 1,4-cyclo hexane dimethanol. The content of elemental phosphorus in polyester resin mixture is 10-300 ppm. The content of terminal carboxyl groups in polyester resin mixture is 30 equivalent/tonne or less. Preferred Properties: The tensile rupture elongation retention of polyester film after processed in water at 120 degrees C for 72 hours, is 60% or more. The polyester film has glass transition temperature (Tg) of 80 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polar functionality of the first substrate is part of the polymeric backbone of the fluoropolymer. The polar functionality of the first substrate is from surface modification of the substrate. The first substrate is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, copolymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene, or fluorinated ethylene propylene. The thermoplastic silicone is a condensation product of a polydimethylsiloxane and a diisocyanate. The polar functionality of the first substrate is a carboxylic acid, a carbonate, an epoxy, an acrylate, a methacrylate, a phosphoric acid and/or a sulfonic acid. Preferred Process: The surface modification is by corona discharge, plasma or electron beam discharge. The corona treatment of the fluoropolymer is conducted in a solvent atmosphere, which is a ketone. EXAMPLE - A thermoplastic silicone elastomer was melt extruded at 190-195 degrees C using an extrusion die. The melted material was cast on to an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene film that had previously been surface modified using corona treatment with an acetone containing environment. The silicone/fluoropolymer multilayer construct was then laminated to a piece of amorphous silicon photovoltaic using a heat sealer set to a lamination temperature of 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic nitrile compound having two or more nitrogen atoms is an aromatic nitrile compound having a structure of formulae (i)-(vi). The additive is present at 0.1 to not more than 0.3 mass%. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a halogenated carbonate. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a carbonate having a carbon-carbon multiple bond. The nonaqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte in a gel form containing: an electrolytic solution containing the solvent, the electrolyte salt and the additive; and a polymer compound having swollen upon absorbing the electrolytic solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprises a laminated film outer package.R1-27 = CmH2m+1, F, Cl, Br or CN, where at least two of R1-R6, R15-R19, R20-R23, or R24-R27 is CN; andm = 0-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer compound includes polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The discharging in step A includes connecting load between positive and negative electrodes of battery, controlling initial discharging current between 0.1-0.5 times capacity value of battery and discharging time within 2-20 hours until battery voltage decreases to zero. The screening in step E includes screening positive electrode having no deformation and damage of appearance and active substance having falling area not exceeding 5% of superficial area. The assorting in step E further includes determining volume of positive electrode based on 90% of original designed volume of positive electrode, calculating volume of graphite negative electrode assorted with positive electrode with volume ratio of positive electrode to graphite negative electrode being within 1:1.05 and 1:1.15, assembling prepared positive electrode and assorted graphite negative electrode into new battery, and infusing liquid to battery based on calculated volumes. Preferred Condition: The vacuum glove box has relative humidity controlled at 0-10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The leaching or roasting in step B includes spraying water to cover board and battery groove in closed space, or roasting cover board and battery groove in high-temperature box having stainless steel liner at 25-80 degrees C. Preferred Condition: The calcining in step C is conducted at 100-400 degrees C for 1-12 hours. The drying in step E is conducted at 25-200 degrees C for 0.5-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gold nano material comprises one gold nano bar and three gold nano sheets. The extinction peak of the gold nano bar is 850 plus minus 50 nm. The absorption peaks of three gold nano sheets are 1100 plus minus 100 nm, 1400 plus minus 100 nm, and 1700 plus minus 100 nm, respectively. The ratio of the strengths of the absorption peaks of the gold nano bar and three gold nano sheets is 1:1:1:1. The diameter of the transverse section of the gold nano bar is 7-15 nm, the diameter ratio is 1:4-6. The thickness of the gold nano sheet with the absorption peak for 1100 plus minus 100 nm is 5-15 nm, the side length is 60-100 nm. The thickness of the gold nano sheet with the absorption peak for 1400 plus minus 100 nm is 5-15 nm, the side length is 120-180 nm. The thickness of the gold nano sheet with the absorption peak for 1700 plus minus 100 nm is 5-15 nm, the side length is 200-380 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The auxiliary material is a soluble high polymer material with negative electricity or the soluble molecule with sulfenyl. The soluble high polymer material with negative electricity is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The soluble molecule with sulfenyl is sulfenyl polyethylene glycol or aminothiopropionic acid. The transparent base material is a temperature-sensitive polyurethane with a phase-transition temperature of 35-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The pigment contains titanium white powder, zinc oxide and carbon black. The additive comprises brightening agent, dispersing agent, solvent and plasticizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The solar cell backboard film comprises ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film layer. Preferred Methods: The polyvinylidene fluoride film layer is formed by mixing polyvinylidene fluoride resin, pigment and additive; and pelleting, performing fusion and extrusion, curtain coating, extending for 10-100% in one direction, trimming and reeling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)lithium, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate consisting of polyethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and chain carbonate consisting of dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melt flow rate of each of ethylene-type copolymer (a) and ethylene-type copolymer (b) is 0.1-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g, measured based on JIS K7210-1999. Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet further contains copolymer (c) obtained by copolymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound, its modified product and condensed product, and silane coupling agent. The copolymer (c) includes structural unit derived from vinyl acetate and/or acrylate. The ethylenic unsaturated silane compound has amino group or epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component (C) is chosen from magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, talc and clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The component (B) has intrinsic viscosity of 0.1-10 dl/g and melting peak observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The ratio of content of monomeric unit derived from 4-20C ( alpha )-olefin and total content of monomeric unit derived from ethylene and content of monomeric unit derived from 4-20C ( alpha )-olefin is 0.5 or more. Preferred Composition: The component (A) is crystalline polypropylene having melt peak temperature of 130-158 degrees C measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive layers are made of ionic polymer, carbon foil, synthetic polymer, natural fiber and metal foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The packaging protective layer is made of organic resin or inorganic film-plating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal substrate consists of stainless steel, iron, copper, and aluminum. The coating layer consists of zinc, nickel, and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating layer comprises a resin consisting of phenolic resins, epoxy resins and/or amino resins, where the phenolic resin consists of phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenylamine-modified phenolic resins and/or nitrile butadiene rubber-modified phenolic resins, the epoxy resin consists of bisphenol A epoxy resins, novolac epoxy resins, propanetriol epoxy resins and/or polyurethane-modified epoxy resins and the amino resin consists of phenyl glycidyl ether amino resins, urea formaldehyde resins and/or melamine formaldehyde resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The accumulator is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorber layer is made of amorphous silicon or microcrystalline silicon. The light absorber layer is made of cadmium zinc telluride, mercury cadmium telluride, mercury zinc telluride, mercury zinc selenide, copper zinc tin sulfide or copper zinc tin selenide. The sub-micron filler consists of oxides, nitrides and/or carbides, and further comprises acicular titanium dioxide, talc, silicon carbide fiber and/or platy aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic dianhydride component comprises pyromellitic dianhydride (10-40 mol.%) and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The aromatic diamine component comprises 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (60-90 mol.%) and 30 mol.% of 1,4 diaminobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is comprised of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate absorbs light. The substrate is a semiconductor solar cell. The semiconductor solar cell is comprised of a crystalline material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystalline material is silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, or cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves removing the modified particles after etching the substrate. The method (M2) further involves modifying the layer of particles, and the step of modifying the layer of particles involves melting, reactive-ion etching or oxygen plasma etching the particles. The method of modifying the particles increases an area of contact between at least some of the particles and some of the substrate. In the method (M1), the step of modifying the particles comprises shrinking the particles and/or melting the particles. The step of shrinking occurs through reactive-ion-etching or oxygen plasma etching. The method of shrinking the particles occurs before melting the particles. The layer of particles is dispersed in a solution before coating on the substrate, and a surfactant is added to the solution in which the particles are dispersed. The step of coating involves at least one of spin coating, dip coating, bar coating, roll coating, knife coating, or spray coating. The particle coating comprises a close-packed monolayer of the top surface of the substrate. The etching comprises wet etching or dry etching. The wet etching is isotropic or anisotropic. The dry etching comprises sputter etching, reactive ion etching, or ion beam etching. In the methods, the steps are carried out sequentially. Preferred Components: The particles are comprised of polymer. The polymer comprises polymethylmethacrylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cloth is non-woven cloth. The macromolecular material comprises nitro-cotton, PTFE, polypropylene or fluoride material and solvent. The macromolecular material comprises (wt.%) nitro-cotton (15-35), acetone (50-70) and other components (8-12). The macromolecular material comprises PTFE, polypropylene or fluoride material and solvents. The macromolecular material is arranged on surface of the cloth in manner of membrane layer, with thickness of membrane layer of 0.05-0.1 mm, and aperture of micropores of 0.1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The electrodes include high or low separating function conductive film(s) or foil(s) made of metal, (in)organic, or organic and inorganic composite. The conductive film is prepared with aluminum, titanium, tin, indium, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, silver, gold, or their alloys. The positive charge storing material is lithium salt, including lithium iron shifted among the electrodes via the internal and external circuits and the lithium salt electrolyte. It can be a positive pole material or mixture or the derivative of manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, lithium cobalt, lithium manganic acid, lithium nickelate, lithium vanadate, and lithium niobate. It is prepared on one side of the low separating function metal film in the double-face conductive film. The negative charge storing material can be conductive material carbon material, e.g. amorphous carbon, middle phase carbon micro balloon, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanopipe, jewelers putty, lithium metatitanic acid, silicide, or nitride. The conductive film is prepared with non-metal films plated with aluminum, tin, indium, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, silver, and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative charge storing material can be fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The other electrodes form a double-face monomer integrated current electrode via connecting the internal layers of the conductive films with the external layer conductive material, except two electrodes at the upside and underside or the front outside and the rear outside. The conductive film is prepared with non-metal films plated with conjugate or non-conjugate conductive polymer material film materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is 1 mol/L of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium hexafluorocarbonate, prepared from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and vinyl carbonate with weight ratio of 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The optical frequency film selects the macromolecule linear material as the carrier for covering the frequency doubling dispersing nano granule. The frequency doubling object selects the inorganic chemical fluorescence granule, which is processed and split into the frequency dispersing, and the light dispersing ability increases for 15-45%. The frequency doubling film is mixed with kinds of specified macromolecule linear material after all granules of nano sizes are conducted with the surface functional group processing, then is made into the paste for re-make the granules, which is pressed into the flexibility film. The energy transforming layer is coated with the heat conducting coating. The content of the nano granules in the frequency doubling film is 0.01-5%, and the thickness of the used film is 0.25-1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The light collecting nano granule is indium tin oxide, chromium-molybdenum powder shaped metal, molybdenum powder shaped metal, zinc indium oxide, zinc oxide aluminum alloy, or copper gallium. The high reflecting nano metal granule is copper, aluminum, silver, or nickel ion. The homogeneity proportion of the light collecting nano granules and the colloidal particle is 0.01-10%. The thickness of pressing thin plate is adjusted to 2-12 mm according to the demand of transparency, atomizing degree, and intensity. The thickness of the thin plate film is 0.15-0.30 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The basic material of the macromolecule light collecting plate is hard crosslinking shaped macromolecule material, preferably polystyrene, polypropylene, Makrolan (RTM: Polycarbonate), polypropylene ether, or propylene styrene copolymer. The macromolecule thin plate film is made of polyethylene ethyl styrene copolymer, polyethylene acetic acid styrene copolymer, or ethyl styrene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises (in %): phosphate (30), acetic acid (10), antimony oxide (3), Tween (RTM: Polysorbate) (20), monoethanolamine (20), triethanolamine (15) and ethyl octyl nitrate (2). The cosolvent is butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one metal layer and adhesive layer containing uniformly dispersed multiple of thermally-conductive particles and multiple of micro-particle coated phase change material particles is laminated on surface of plastic layer. The surface of multilayer film/thin sheet structure further comprises multiple of extending fins. The metal layer comprises alloys of nickel, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, aluminum, steel, silver, gold or other metals. The thermally-conductive particles comprises copper powder coated with silver, silver, nickel, aluminum, copper, tin powder, alloy metal powder, hydride-dehydrogenated titanium powder, stainless steel powder, graphite powder, carbon black powder, nano carbon tube, diamond powder, nano metal powder, spherical alumina powder, superfine spherical alumina powder or hexahedral boron nitride powder and their sintered material. Preferred Property: The diameter of thermally-conductive particles and micro-particles coated phase-change material particles are 500-1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phase-change material is water contained salt, paraffin wax or olefin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic layer comprises polyethylene, polyethylene copolymer, polyamide, ethylene and vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and/or linear low-density polyethylene. The adhesive layer comprises alkyl ester copolymer, alkyl ester and/or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyethylene glycol terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Cyclic compound is cyclic oligo(4-n-butyl triphenyl amine). Electron acceptor is 60C or 70C fullerene derivative, or polyparaphenylene. Preferred Process: Cyclic compound is obtained by carbon-nitrogen coupling polymerization of 4-(4'-bromophenyl)-4''-butyldiphenyl amine, which is a self-condensation property monomer in palladium catalyst, in the presence of t-butoxy potassium. Preferred Definitions:    R 1=n-butyl group;    R 2-R 7=H; and    n=5-7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Assembly: In the assembly, the polymeric film substrate has a major surface, the barrier film has opposing first and second major surfaces, and the pressure sensitive adhesive layer has opposing third and fourth major surfaces, where the first major surface of the barrier film is disposed on the major surface of the polymeric film substrate, and where the third major surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive is disposed on the second major surface of the barrier film. The pressure sensitive adhesive comprises polyisobutylene. The pressure sensitive adhesive is free of added solvent. The pressure sensitive adhesive further comprises at least one of a UV absorber, a hindered amine light stabilizer, or an antioxidant. The polymeric film substrate comprises a fluoropolymer. The polymeric film substrate is a multi-layer optical film, where the polymeric film substrate comprises an UV-reflective multilayer optical film having first and second major surfaces and comprising an UV-reflective optical layer stack, where the UV-reflective optical layer stack comprises first optical layers and second optical layers, where at least a portion of the first optical layers and at least a portion of the second optical layers are in intimate contact and have different refractive indexes, and where the multilayer optical film further comprises a UV absorber in at least one of the first optical layer, the second optical layer, or a third layer disposed on at least one of the first or second major surfaces. The barrier film comprises at least first and second polymer layers separated by an inorganic barrier layer. The assembly is in the form of a roll. The assembly is disposed on, above, or around a photovoltaic cell, where the photovoltaic cell is a copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS) cell. Preferred Method: In making the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic cell comprises a flexible film substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The ion-conductive group is sulfonic acid group of formula: -SO3M or phosphonic acid group of formula: -PO3HM.M=H, ammonium ion, or alkali-metal ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Block (B) is a rubber-like polymeric block. Polymer (I) contains segment(s) chosen from polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene sulfoxide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyparaphenylene, polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzimidazole, and polyimide. Block (A) consists of aromatic vinyl type compound as main repeating unit. Block copolymer (II) does not have ion-conductive group, but uses polymeric block (C) of non-rubber form as structural component. Block (C) has an aromatic vinyl type compound unit of formula (I) as main repeating unit. Block (B) consists of 2-8C alkene unit, 5-8C cycloalkene unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, 4-8C conjugated diene unit, and/or 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit. The mass ratio of blocks (C,A) is 85:15-20:80. The mass ratio of block (B) in block copolymer (II) is 5-95 %mass.R1=H or 1-4C alkyl;andR2-R4=H or 1-8C alkyl, with at least one being alkyl.Preferred Properties: The thickness of membrane containing polymer (I) is 2-20 mu m and the thickness of membrane containing block copolymer (II) is 2-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is a platelet, needle-like or fibrous and the semiconductor material is amorphous silicon. The filler comprises acicular titanium dioxide. The film is reinforced with a thermally stable, inorganic fabric, paper, sheet and/or scrim. The continuous web of the substrate is a component of a reel to reel process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rigid rod type dianhydride is 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or pyromellitic dianhydride. The rigid rod type diamine is 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidene, 1,5-naphthalenediamine and/or 1,4-naphthalenediamine. At least 25 mol.% of the diamine is 1,5-naphthalenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic compound is composition of lithium and transition metal element which is not alloyed, or iron oxide. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of metallic compound is 0.1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Module: The photovoltaic cells are bonded directly to the backing sheet. The photovoltaic cells are encased in an encapsulant that is not pigmented.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The EVA has a vinyl acetate content of 2-8 wt.%. The second outer layer contains at least one white opacifying agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Laminate: The laminate further comprises fluorescent whitening material. Preferred Components: The weatherable film is weatherable polyester pigmented film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, alicyclic amine, aliphatic amine and/or aromatic amine. The redox couple is redox couple of iodine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of block (B) measured based on polystyrene conversion after decomposing ether bond and thioether bond in the principal chain of block (A), is 50000-1000000. Preferred Composition: Ion exchange group(s) are directly coupled to the aromatic ring in the principal chain of arylene group of block (A). The ion exchange group in block (A) is sulfo group, phosphone group, carboxyl group and/or sulfonimide group. The structural unit (I) is preferably of formula (III).R=group A;k=0-3;p=1 or 2;andk+p=4 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of polyarylene-type block copolymer is 50000-1000000, measured based on polystyrene conversion. The ion exchange capacity of polyarylene-type block copolymer is preferably 3.5-6.5 m equivalent/g, more preferably 4.7-5.3 m equivalent/g. Preferred Process: The weight average molecular weight of polyarylene-type block copolymer is measured by mixing 2200 parts weight of dimethylsulfoxide, 2-13 parts weight of methanol solution containing 25 weight% of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and 1 parts weight of polyarylene-type block copolymer, and heating the obtained solution at 100 degrees C for 2 hours. Preferred Component: The polymer which does not have ion exchange group, is of formula: Y'-(Ar21-X11)q-Ar21-Y' (IV).Ar21=aromatic group or group A;X11=-S- or -O-;Y'=leaving group;andq=4 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The battery enables a tinplating layer to be located outside a nickel plating layer or a copper plating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate comprises transparent conductive glass and fluorine and antimony doped tin dioxide photon crystal in inverse opal structure. The transparent conductive glass is indium tin oxide conductive glass or fluorine-doped tin dioxide conductive glass. The fluorine and antimony doped tin dioxide is fluorine-doped tin dioxide, antimony-doped tin dioxide or fluorine and antimony doped tin dioxide. The fluorine and antimony doped tin dioxide in inverse opal structure has air aperture of 100-2000 nm, and thickness of 0.1-20 mu m. The ordered mesoporous semiconductor layer is ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide layer having mesoporous aperture of 2-10 nm. The precursor of the tin dioxide is stannous chloride, stannic chloride or tin oxalate; the precursor of the fluorine is sodium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, and potassium fluoride; the molar ratio of the fluorine and tin is 0-4:1; the precursor of the antimony is antimony trichloride or antimony pentachloride; the molar ratio of the antimony and tin is 0-0.1:1; and the solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or butanol. The non-ionic surfactant is triblock copolymer comprising EO20PO70EO20 or EO106PO70EO106; and the cationic surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or sodium lauryl sulfate. The precursor of the titanium dioxide is tetraethyl titanate, isopropanol titanate or tetrabutyl titanate; and the solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sensitized dye is ruthenium coordination compound N719 dye with concentration of 5x 10-4 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The size and shape is suitable for passing through the bore of a needle having an interior diameter of less than 1.4 mm (15 gauge), preferably 0.56 mm (24 gauge). The seed is shaped into a cylinder having a diameter of 0.5-3 (preferably 0.8) mm and a length of 4-10 (preferably 4.5) mm. The brachytherapy seed further comprises one or more pores. The active agent is small molecule drugs, growth factors, gene vectors, viral vectors, antiangiogenesis agents, cytotoxic agents, cytostatic agents, cytocidal agents, transforming agents, apoptosis-inducing agents, radio sensitizing agents, radioprotectants, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, antiviral agents, mitogens, cytokines, antiinflammatory agents, immunotoxins, antibodies or antigens. The small molecule drug is paclitaxel, cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil. The radiosensitizing agent is tirapazamine, bromodeoxyuridine, deoxyuridine or etanidazole. The brachytherapy seed is formed of a biodegradable radiopaque polymer. The brachytherapy seed comprises a biodegradable radiopaque marker. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The particles of the conducting paths are silver particles, carbon nano and/or carbon black particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The particles are designed in form of composite material with plastic that is made of polyethylene and/or polymethyl methacrylate and/or polyaniline. The optical transparent plastic-protective layer is made of polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The liquid electrolyte solution is common electrolyte solution of dye sensitized solar battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The grain size of tin-stannate nano-crystalline is 8-12 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic dye is indoline dye (D131). The ruthenium dye is bipyridyl dye (N719). Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of organic dye and ruthenium dye is 1:1-1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass vacuum tubes and inner connection water tank are hermetically connected through silicon rubber ring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat preservation layer is made from polyurethane foaming material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic material is titanium dioxide or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weathering resistant layer is 5-50 mu m thick; stop layer is 1-50 mu m thick; electric insulating layer is 50-300 mu m thick; and binding layer is 5-50 mu m thick. The weathering resistant layer comprises (pts.wt.) kynar (20-80), acrylic acid resin (10-50) and inorganic material (1-30). The acrylic acid resin is polymer or copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate. The acrylic acid resin is polymethyl methacrylate. The electric insulating layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The first, second and third bonding layers comprise polyurethane binding agents or acrylic binding layers. The binding layer is mixture of ethylene polymer or kynar, acrylic acid resin and/or inorganic material; and ethylene polymer is low-density polyethylene or ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent comprises phosphate (preferably), linseed oil and/or octanoic acid. The phosphate comprises phosphoric acid alkoxy alkyl ester and/or phosphoric acid alkyl ester. The phosphate is phosphoric acid isostearate, phosphoric acid 9-15C alkyl ester, cetyl phosphate, cetyl polyether-10 phosphate, polypropylene glycol-5-cetyl polyether-10 phosphate, oleyl alcohol polyether-3 phosphate or oleyl alcohol-3 phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alcohol is added to mixture, and the mixture is evenly mixed by milling. The mixture of lithium phosphate and iron (II) phosphate is processed to obtain solution (A) with molar concentration of 1.5-2 mol/L. Preferred Composition: The content of carbon black is 5-15 wt.% with respect to total weight of carbon black and lithium-iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A high-molecular compound as thickening agent is added to solution (A) to obtain solution (B) having content of thickening agent of 30-40%. The solution (B) is dried with an air-spray dryer. The feed solution is sampled by peristaltic pump, atomized with air inlet temperature of 400-500 degrees C and air outlet temperature of 200-300 degrees C, and the outlet air is separated and discharged. Preferred Compound: The thickening agent is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aniline and styrene sulfonic acid in polyaniline graft copolymer is 0.05-0.5. The organic solar cell has hole transport layer containing 1-10 weight% of magnetically doped aqueous polyaniline graft copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of titanium dioxide to the binder is 1:3-1:3.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution further contains ethylenediamine. The binder contains terpineol and ethyl cellulose, in mass ratio of 7:1. Preferred Property: The pH of aqueous solution is preferably 5.8-8.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator or cable sheath is made of polyurethane, polystyrene, polyolefin, PVC, polycarbonate or ethylene-propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conducting polymer material of the cell is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, hexamethyl phosphorotriamide, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conducting polymer material of the cell is made of polycarbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrophobic group of conjugated polymer is aliphatic group or aromatic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is chosen from polythiophene, polycarbazole, polyfluorene, polysilole and polyphenylene or their derivatives chosen from (poly(3-hexylthiophene)), (poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole))), (poly(N-9'-heptadecanoyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))), (poly(2,7-(9-(2'-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole))), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) and (poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)). The conjugated polymer is of formula (I). The content of electron donor with respect to 100 parts weight of conjugated polymer is 0.5-35 parts weight, preferably 10 parts weight.n=1-10000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is copper indium gallium selenide (CIGSe) or copper indium selenide (CISe) solar cell. The quantum dots are made from the group consisting of zinc selenide (ZnS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), mercury sulfide (HgS), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), tin sulfide (SnS), zinc telluride (ZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Layer: The metal layer is layer containing molybdenum formed by sputtering or vapor deposition. The solar cell has metal layer having electroconductivity formed on the substrate containing polyimide film, and chalcopyrite structure semiconductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight reduction rate after heat processing the film at 500 degrees C for 20 minutes is 1 %mass or less. The polyimide film has linear expansion coefficient of 10-20 ppm/ degrees C at 25-500 degrees C, and thickness of 7.5-75 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of high-volatile solvent is 1-4 times to the weight of resin (B). The low-volatile solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate and/or dipropylene-glycol monomethyl ether. The high volatile solvent is propylene glycol diacetate, decalin, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, monoethyl ether acetate, phenetole, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, diacetone alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetoacetate, furfuryl, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 3-methoxy butyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, cyclohexanone and/or 2-methoxy ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin (B) has glass transition temperature of 80 degrees C or less. The paste has viscosity of 25 Pa.second-1. The solubility of resin (B) in low-volatile solvent is less than the solubility of resin in high volatile solvent. Preferred Composition: The amount of resin (B) is 0.4-6 weight% with respect to electroconductive paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A dielectric layer is made of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antireflective coating comprises a material consisting of calcium fluoride, aluminum fluoride and/or magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ionomer composition further comprises thermoplastic polymers consisting of poly(ethylene terephthalates), polycarbonates, polypropylenes, polyethylenes, cyclic polyolefins, norbornene polymers, polystyrenes, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, poly(ethylene naphthalates), polyethersulfones, polysulfones, polyamides, poly(urethanes), acrylics, cellulose acetates, cellulose triacetates, vinyl chloride polymers, polyvinyl fluorides, polyvinylidene fluorides, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetates), ethyl acrylic acetates, ethyl methacrylates, poly (ethylene-co-acrylates), poly(vinyl chlorides), silicone/acrylate resin, silicone rubbers, and poly(vinyl butyral). The antireflective coating comprises a material consisting of a fluoropolymer, and/or a fluoroelastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The packaging body is made of silicon rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The quantum dot further comprises biological material conjugated to the compressive shell. The biological material is chosen from nucleic acid, polypeptide, cell, antibody, epitope, protein, inhibitor, receptor and receptor substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The core has bulk modulus of 52 Gpa or less. The core has lattice constant of 0.5 Angstrom or more than the compressive shell. The lattice mismatches are 8% or more. The core is cadmium telluride (CdTe). The core diameter is 1.8-5 nm. The compressive shell is two or more monolayers of zinc sulfide (ZnS) or zinc selenide (ZnSe). The quantum dot further comprises polymer over the compressive shell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises monomers with carboxylic acid groups, monomers with thiol groups, and monomers with amino groups. The polymer does not contain polyethylene glycol monomers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper crystal clear corrugated panel is formed of crystal clear or translucent polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative active material is: a carbon-based negative active material; a crystalline carbon; and natural graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The U1 comprises at least one compound comprising a first repeating unit of formula -(X-O-C(=O)-(CH2)x-C(=O)-O)-, a second repeating unit of formula -(Y1-O-C(=O)-(CH2)y-C(=O)-O)- and a third repeating unit of formula -(Z-O-C(=O)-(CH2)z-C(=O)-O)-.X, Y1, Z = a moiety of an alcohol derivative used for the preparation of polyester polyol, where the moiety of the alcohol derivative is ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, alkane diol, ethoxylated alkane diol, propoxylated alkanediol, trimethylolpropane, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, propoxylated trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, ethoxylated ditrimethylolpropane, propoxylated ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, propoxylated pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol, propoxylated dipentaerythritol, bisphenol A, ethoxylated bisphenol A or propoxylated bisphenol A; andx-z = 1-20.The binder comprises a styrene-butadiene rubber, an acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium polyacrylate, a copolymer of propylene and a 2-8C olefin and/or a copolymer of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester. The first monomer and the second monomer are mixed at a weight ratio of 75:25-60:40. The second monomer is preferably CH2=CL1-C(=O)-O-M. The binder is a water-soluble binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent conductive oxide layer has a material selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, fluorine doped tin dioxide and indium tin oxide. The photoelectric conversion layer has amorphous silicon. The back conductive layer has a material selected from the group consisting of silver, aluminum, copper, chromium and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fibers comprise a cross linked polymer consisting of aliphatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl pentane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacetyl, polyurethane, aromatic polyamide and/or their blends, mixtures and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The generator layer has a colorant-hybrid-thin film comprised of donor acceptor colorant molecules with derivatives of metal organic ruthenium complexes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (A) and compound having phosphazene structure in the electrolyte is 0.05-12 %mass and 3-20 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte is polymer alloy having crystal structure formed by mixing ion exchange resin and other crystalline polymer. The ion exchange resin is polyacrylamide methylpropane sulfonic acid. The crystalline polymer is atactic polystyrene, acrylonitrile styrene copolymer or copolymer of atactic polystyrene, acrylonitrile and styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amorphous silicon solar cell module further comprises unmodified polyethylene. The content of silane modification polyethylene is 1-80 %mass. The content of silicon is 8-3500 parts per million (ppm). Preferred Components: The metal deactivator is chosen from hydrazine derivative and triazole derivative. The content of the sealing material is 500 or more ppm. The silane modification polyethylene is chosen from low-density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, very low-density polyethylene, extremely ultra low density polyethylene, and linear low-density polyethylene. The metal material is busbar or interconnects. The sealing material for solar cells is chosen from antioxidant, UV absorber, and optical stabilizer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is epoxy-type silane coupling agent or vinyl-type or silane coupling agent. The antifouling acrylic board is manufactured in presence of gelatinization prevention stabilizer containing organic amine. Preferred Layer: The binding layer is formed by coating composition (A) containing titanium oxide dispersed particles having average primary particle size of 5-50 nm and mean-dispersion particle size of 10-100 nm, and polymer dispersing agent in an aqueous solvent, composition (B) containing alkoxy silane hydrolysis polycondensate, and silane coupling agent on the surface of acrylic-type base material. Preferred Property: The total thickness of silica layer and photocatalyst layer is 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer dispersion essentially comprises alkyl ammonium salt of block copolymer comprising acidic radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The glue content of the ABS high-glue powder is 50-65% of total weight of the ABS high-glue powder; the acrylonitrile content of the styrene-acrylonitrile resin of 25-35% of total weight of styrene-acrylonitrile resin, melt index of styrene-acrylonitrile resin of more than 2.5 g/10 minutes at 200 degrees Cx 5 kg; the antimony flame retardant agent is antimonous oxide, antimony pentoxide and/or sodium antimonite; the antioxidant is phenols antioxidant ( beta -(3,5-dibutyl peroxide-4-hydroxyacetopheone) propionic acid) pentaerythritol, beta -(-4-hydroxy-3,5-dibutyl phenyl) propionic acid and/or phosphite lipid antioxidant trimethyl phosphate (2,4-dibutyl phenyl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of aluminum ion and distilled water in alumina sol is 1:100-1:200. Preferred Processes: The rotationally coating speed of rotational coating is set at low speed of 1000 revolutions/minute and high speed of 3000 revolutions/minute; and rotation time at low speed gear is 10-15 seconds while the rotation time at the high speed gear is 15-20 seconds. The heat treatment temperature of the rotationally coated electrode is 400-800 degrees C, and the heat treatment time is 0.5-1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive substrate is glass or flexible substrate with indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, and aluminum doped zinc oxide conductive layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The lithium benzoate cathode decorating layer is deposited on active layer by thermal evaporation or rotary solution coating method. Preferred Components: The solvent for coating lithium benzoate cathode decorating layer rotationally is absolute alcohol. The concentration of the lithium benzoate alcohol solution for coating the cathode decorating layer rotationally is 0.01-0.5 mg/ml. The thickness (x) of the lithium benzoate cathode decorating layer is 0.5-1 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophobic material of the substrate is made of fluoropolymer, comprising fluorocarbon resin and fluorine-silicone resin. The fluoropolymer resin comprises PTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTEF), poly furfuryl alcohol (PFA), ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic material comprises titanium dioxide or black carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weatherproof layer is 5-50 mu m thick; the electric insulating layer is 100-350 mu m thick; and the thermal bonding layer is 50-200 mu m thick. The insulating backplane comprises (pts.wt.) polyvinylidene fluoride (20-80), acrylic resin (10-50) and inorganic material (1-30). The acrylic resin comprises polymer or copolymer comprising methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate. The acrylic resin comprises polymethyl methacrylate. The electric insulating layer comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The weatherproof layer is bonded to surface on one side of the electric insulating layer through a first bonding layer, while the thermal bonding layer is connected to a surface on the other side of the electric insulating layer through a second bonding layer; and the polyolefin comprising ethylene polymer. The first bonding layer and second bonding layer comprise polyurethane adhesive or acrylic acid adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is a mixture of carbon nanotube and stannous sulfate in a weight ratio of 0 1:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer gel is made from polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The surface layer is made of high intensity iron toughened glass such as high light transparent suede toughened glass or high light transparent smooth toughened glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal powder additive is magnesium powder. The average grain size D50 of the metal powder additive is 30-80 nm. The aluminum conductive paste comprises (in wt.%): aluminum powder (60-85), the inorganic adhesive (0.5-8), the organic carrier (15-30) and the metal powder additive (0.05-5). The inorganic adhesive is glass powder, comprising bismuth oxide, boron oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and/or strontium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises in (wt.%): ethyl cellulose (3-10), terpinol (30-70), dibutyl phthalate (10-45), diethylene glycol butyl ether or Butyl carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol butyl ether) (5-20), diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate or butyl carbitol acetate (0-20), and turpentine oil (0-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating wireless personal area networks (PANs).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fabric body is made of high polymer material or porous fluorine-containing substrate. The porous fluorine-containing substrate is selected from a group consisting of fluorinated polymer compound, partial fluorinated polymer compound and surface fluorinated polymer compound, or from a group consisting of polyvinyl fluoride, expanded polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride, perfluoroethylene-perfluoropropylene copolymer, ethane-perfluoroethylene copolymer, polytrifluorochloro ethylene (PTFCE) and vinylidene fluoride (VDF) perfluoropropylene copolymer, or from a group consisting of surface fluorinated polyethylene, surface fluorinated polypropylene and surface fluorinated polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer and protective layer are made of polyolefin elastic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface of the phase change heat storage board is also covered with a polyethylene film. The straw is one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, and cotton straw. Preferred Process: Preferably, the sodium sulfate solution is prepared by preparing the anhydrous sodium sulfate into aqueous solution; adding water to fully dissolve it in water; spraying sodium sulfate solution on dry straw; and locating for 10-30 minutes; where the mass ratio of the straw and sodium sulfate solution is 1:2; and the mass ratio of the straw dipped with sodium sulfate solution and water glass is 3:0.7. The die is internally lined with a polyethylene film. Preferred Conditions: The module of the water glass is 2.8-3.5. The time for keeping pressure is 20-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surrounding of the empty space of a printed circuit board has silicone resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surrounding of the empty space of a printed circuit board has epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electric conductive layer is indium-tin oxide layer, indium-zinc oxide layer, zinc-aluminum oxide layer, zinc-gallium oxide layer or zinc oxide layer. The inert gas is nitrogen. Preferred Parameter: The introducing flow rate proportion between oxygen and inert gas is 0.5 or not greater than 0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cavity conductive layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid ester. The driving layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene:(6,6))-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or poly(2-methoxy group)-5-(3',7'-dimethyl oxy group)-1,4-para-ethylene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Module: In the photovoltaic module (M1), the second outer layer is applied on the middle layer without an adhesive and by direct extrusion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second outer layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), (preferably pigmented EVA). The ethylene vinyl acetate comprises 2-8 wt.% of vinyl acetate. The fluoropolymer is fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and alkyl vinyl ether. The layer comprises fluoropolymer includes boron nitride in an amount sufficient to promote adhesion to the mid-layer. The fluoropolymer is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hydrocarbon olefins with reactive OH functionality. The layer comprises fluoropolymer further includes a titanium dioxide. The layer comprises fluoropolymer includes hydrophobic silica. EXAMPLE - A laminate was prepared having a first outer layer of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) having a thickness of 22.5 micrometers. An adhesive of formulation was applied to the first outer layer of PVF using comma coater. The adhesive was controlled to 9 g/m2 dry. The coated first outer layer was then dried to remove the solvent. A layer of polyethylene terephthalate had thickness of 2 mils was then laminated to the PVF. The resulting intermediate laminate was then reprocessed and laminated to a second outer layer of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) had vinyl acetate content of thickness of 4 mils to obtain present laminate. The EVA layer contained 5.5 wt.% titanium dioxide pigment, and was opaque to ultraviolet light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The secondary material is chosen from metal, oxide, nitride, carbon nanotube or polymer. The semiconductor film is amorphous silicon film or copper-indium-gallium (di)-selenide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The battery has thermal contraction rate of 25% or less, when separator is maintained at 150 degrees C. The detection ionic strength of oxygen by temperature-programmed desorption gas analysis of electrode is less than 10 A/mg. The total heat generation amount of positive electrode is 1.2 kJ/g or less. The allowable temperature limit of heat-resistant microparticles is 300 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The U includes a repeating unit selected from a first repeating unit of formula 8a, a second repeating unit of formula 8b, and a third repeating unit of formula 8c.X, Y, and Z=individually selected from moieties derived from ethyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, alkanediols, ethoxylated alkanediols, propoxylated alkanediols, trimethylolpropane, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, propoxylated trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, ethoxylated ditrimethylolpropane, propoxylated ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, propoxylated pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol, propoxylated dipentaerythritol, bisphenol A, ethoxylated bisphenol A, or propoxylated bisphenol A; andx, y, and z=individually selected from integers ranging from 1 to 20.Preferably, the second monomer is represented by CH2=CL1-C(=O)-O-M. The carbon-based negative active material is crystalline carbon. The carbon-based negative active material is natural graphite. The binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid sodium, a copolymer of propylene and 2-8C olefin, a copolymer of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic alkylester, and its combinations. Preferred Composition: Weight ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer ranges from about 85:15 to about 50:50. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermosetting resin comprises a monomer consisting of polyester, vinyl ester or acrylic ester, acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic membrane having light-and-heat reactive functional group is a monolayer. The light-and-heat reactive functional group is chosen from chalconyl group, cinnamoyl group, methacryl group, acryl group, diacetylene group and acetylene group. The photoinitiator and thermal polymerization initiator are radical-type polymerization initiator. The photoinitiator is benzophenone-type photoinitiator. The thermal polymerization initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide. Alternately, light-and-heat polymerization inititaor having photopolymerization initiating property and thermal polymerization initiating property is contained in the paste instead of photoinitiator and thermal polymerization initiator. The light-and-heat polymerization inititaor is benzo pinacol. The light-and-heat polymerization inititaor further contains sensitive thiol compound having mercapto groups in a molecule. The microparticles are conductor, semiconductor or insulator microparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The composition of first elongate support and retainer components are selected from stamped steel, rolled steel, aluminum, anodized aluminum, plastic and carbon-filled plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises at least 10 recurring units (I), preferably at least 50 recurring units (I). The polymer has: a weight averaged molecular weight (Mw) of above 10000 (determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography); a number averaged molecular weight (Mn) of above 5000; a solubility of at least 0.5 wt.% in dimethylacetamide at 25 degrees C. The weight ratio ionomeric material to catalyst material in the catalyst layer is from 100:1-1:100, preferably 1:8-1:3. The polymer electrolyte membrane or electrolyte matrices have a proton conductivity of at least 1 mS/cm at 120 degrees C, preferably at least 5 mS/cm. Preferred Definitions:    n = 50 mol.%;    X = N or O; and    Z1, Z2 = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, or tert-hexyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal powder includes aluminum powder. The glass frit is selected from lead oxide-silicon dioxide, lead oxide-silicon dioxide-boron trioxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide, zinc oxide-boron trioxide-silicon dioxide and bismuth oxide-boron trioxide-zinc oxide-silicon dioxide based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is selected from butylcarbitolacetate, butylcarbitol, butylcellosolve, butylcellosolveacetate, propyleneglycolmonomethylether, dipropyleneglycolmonomethylether, propyleneglycolmonomethylpropionate, ethyletherpropionate, terpineol, propyleneglycolmonomethyletheracetate, dimethylamino formaldehyde, methylethylketone, gamma-butyrolactone, ethyllactate and texanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from acrylate resin, ethylcellulous, nitrocellulous, polymer of ethylcellulous and phenol resin, wood rosin, and polymethacrylate of alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition is obtained by polymerizing 100 parts weight of polyolefin-type resin and 1-5 parts weight of epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer in the presence of 0.05-3 parts weight of radical polymerization initiator. Epoxy group is introduced by grafting reaction by melt-kneading 0-1 part weight of aromatic vinyl monomer. The resin composition further contains 0.1-50 parts weight of tackifying resin, and is free of silane coupling agent. Preferred Method: The sealing material is extrusion molded material or calendering-roll molded product of modified resin composition. Multiphase structure of modified resin composition is formed. A phase having diameter of average of 1 mu m or less and consisting of vinyl monomers is formed. Preferred Properties: The sealing material has arithmetic mean roughness of 0.001-0.2 mm. The solar cell sealing material has water vapor barrier property of less than 2 g/m2.day/0.4 mm, adhesive strength of more than 80 N/10 mm at 170 degrees C, and total light transmittance of 97% or more. The modified resin composition does not exist at surface of module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The siloxane resin is a silsesquioxane resin containing the constituent unit. The siloxane resin is a silsesquioxane resin consisting only of the constituent unit. The silsesquioxane resin is of formula (-(SiO3/2(R6-R7)m-(SiO3/2(R8-R9)n-) (II), where, when organic group comprising R6 and R7 and organic group comprising R8 and R9 are different, then ratio of m to n is 1:99-99:1. The mask material composition comprises only the siloxane resin and a solvent. The solvent comprises: organic solvent having boiling point of greater than or equal to 100 degrees C; or organic solvent having boiling point of greater than or equal to 180 degrees C.R6, R8 = single bond or 1-5C alkylene; andR7, R9 = aryl. EXAMPLE - Silsesquioxane resin of formula (2a) (mass average molecular weight of 7500, 30 wt.%) was dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate to obtain the mask material composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reinforced membrane material is made of materials such as ethylene propylene diene monomer, high-density polyethylene, thermoplastic polyolefin, hypalon (RTM: chlorosulfonated polyethylene synthetic rubber), and the polyisobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing copolymer further has tetrafluoroethylene-type repeating unit. The fluorine-containing copolymer does not contain vinylidene fluoride-type repeating unit. The binder composition further contains less than 1 part mass of alcohol with respect to 100 parts mass of binder resin. Preferred Property: The fluorine-containing copolymer has average particle diameter of 10-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of silicon, aluminum, gallium, glass, transparent conductive glass, plastics, metal, metal oxides, metal compounds or sapphire. The nano- or micro-particles are made of: material consisting of carbon-silicon, carbon-titanium, carbon-zirconium and/or carbon-aluminum; and material consisting of nitrogen, silicon, titanium, zirconium, gold, silver, iron, aluminum, copper and/or nickel. The metal layer is made of silicon, titanium, platinum, zirconium, gold, silver, iron, aluminum, copper and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano- or micro-particles are made of material consisting of styrene, styrene derivatives, acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, maleic acid and/or maleic acid derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nano- or micro-particles are made of material consisting of silica, polystyrene and/or poly(methylmethacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ( pi )-conjugated-type conductive polymer has thiophene-containing repeating unit of formula (II). The ( pi )-conjugated-type conductive polymer is polymer or copolymer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxy)thiophene. The polyanion is organic ion-containing compound of formula: -(CH2-C(-R3)(-A2-B'))- (III). The polyanion has sulfonic acid group. The polyanion is polystyrene sulfonate. The amino group-containing compound is thiophene oligomer having molecular weight of 400 or more, preferably 600 or more.A1=optionally substituted 1-4C alkylene;Q=oxygen or sulfur;R3=H or methyl;A2=single bond or 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C heteroalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 1-30C heteroalkoxy, 6-30C aryl, 6-30C arylalkyl, 6-30C aryloxy, 2-30C heteroaryl, 2-30C heteroaryl alkyl, 2-30C heteroaryloxy, 5-20C cyclo alkyl, 2-30C heterocyclo alkyl, 1-30C alkyl ester, 1-30C heteroalkyl ester, 6-30C aryl ester or 2-30C heteroaryl ester (all optionally substituted);B'=SO3-, COO-, H+, Na+, K+, Li+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, NH3+ or CH3(-CH2)nO+;andn=1-50.Preferred Property: The layer (a) has film thickness of 0.5-10 nm.