TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is non-volatile catalyst. The alkoxide compound is compound including element chosen from silicon, titanium, zirconium and aluminum. The surfactant is chosen from anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and fluorochemical surfactant. Preferred Properties: The hydrophobic undercoat has water-droplet contact angle of 45 degrees C or more and surface free-energy of 65 mN/m or less. The film thickness of each of hydrophobic undercoat and hydrophilic layer is 10 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic undercoat is formed using hydrophobic composition containing hydrophobic polymer having crosslinkable group, catalyst, alkoxide compound and surfactant. The substrate contains resin. Th crosslinkable group is silicon-containing crosslinkable group having hydroxyl group and hydrolyzable group. The hydrophilic polymer is hydrophilic polymer (a) having structural unit of formula: -(C(-R101)(R103)-C(-R102)(-L101-Si(R104)3-p(OR105)p))x- and structural unit of formula: -(C(-R106)(R108)-C(-R107)(-L102-A101))y-, and/or hydrophilic polymer (b) having structural unit of formula: (R201)3-q(R202O)qSi-L201-, and structural unit of formula: -(C(-R203)(R205)-C(-R204)(-L202-A201))y-. The mass ratio of hydrophilic polymer (a) and hydrophilic polymer (b) is 95/5-50/50.R101-R108,R201-R205=H or hydrocarbyl;p,q=1-3;L101,L102,L201,L202=single bond or multivalent organic coupling group;x,y=more than 0 to less than 100;A101,A201=-OH, -ORa, -CORa, -CO2Re, -CON(Ra)(Rb), -N(Ra)(Rb), -NHCORd, -NHCO2Ra, -OCON(Ra)(Rb), -NHCON(Ra)(Rb), -SO3Re, -OSO3Re, -SO2Rd, -NHSO2Rd, -SO2N(Ra)(Rb), -N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc), -N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rg), -PO3(Re)(Rf), -OPO3(Re)(Rf) or -PO3(Rd)(Re);Ra,Rb,Rc=H, or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;Rd=linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;Re,Rf=H or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, or onium;andRg=halo ion, inorganic anion, or organic anion.