NOVELTY - A laminated structure consists of electrodes, light emitting layer provided between the electrodes, and layer containing polymer having repeating unit containing ionic group (I), (II) or (III).    USE - Laminated structure for electroluminescent element and photoelectric conversion element (both claimed) e.g. organic thin film solar cell and organic image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The laminated structure provides electroluminescent element with high luminance and photoelectric conversion element with high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A laminated structure consists of electrodes, light emitting layer provided between the electrodes, and layer containing polymer having repeating unit containing ionic group chosen from formulae: -(Q1)n1-Y1(M1)a1(Z1)b1 (I), -(Q2)n2-Y2(M2)a2(Z2)b2 (II) or -(Q3)n3-Y3 (III).    Q1-Q3=divalent organic group;    Y1=-CO2-, -SO3-, -SO2-, -PO32- or -B(R(a))3-;    M1,Z2=optionally substituted ammonium cation or metal cation;    Z1,M2=F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, OH-, B(Ra)4-, RaSO3-, RaCOO-, ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-, SCN-, CN-, NO3-, SO42-, HSO4-, PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, BF4- or PF6-;    n1-n3,b1,b2=0 or more;    a1,a2=1 or more;    Ra,Rb=1-30C alkyl or 6-50C aryl (both optionally substituted);    Y2=carbocation, ammonium cation, phosphonium cation, sulfonium cation or iodonium cation;    Y3=-CN or groups chosen from groups of formulae (a), -S(R'S)a4-R", -C(=O)-(R'-C(=O))a4-R", -C(=S)-(R'-C(=S))a4-R", -N((R')a4R")2, -C(=O)O-(R'-C(=O)O)a4-R", -C(=O)O-(R'O)a4-R" or -NHC(=O)-(R'-NHC(=O))a4-R";    R'=H or optionally substituted bivalent hydrocarbyl;    R"=H, optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl, -COOH, -SO3H, -OH, -SH, -NRc2, -CN or -C(=O)NRc2;    R'"=optionally substituted trivalent hydrocarbyl;    a3=1 or more;    a4=0 or more;and    Rc=Ra.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for polymer having repeating units chosen from formulae: -(Ar1(R1)n4)- (13), -(Ar2(R3)n5)- (15), -(Ar3(R5)n6(R6)n7)- (17) and -(Ar4(R9)n8(R10)n9)- (20).    R1=monovalent group of formula: -R2(-((Q3)n3-Y3)m2)-((Q1)n1-Y1(M1)a1(Z1)b1)m1 (14);    Ar1=(2+n4) valent optionally substituted aromatic group;    n4=1 or more;    R2=(1+m1+m2) valent organic group;    m1+m2=1 or more;    R3=monovalent organic group of formula: -R4(-((Q3)n3-Y3)m4)-((Q2)n2-Y2(M2)a2(Z2)b2)m3 (16);    Ar2=(2+n5) valent optionally substituted aromatic group;    n5,m3,m4=1 or more;    R4=(1+m3+m4) valent organic group;    R5,R6=monovalent group of formula: -R7-((Q1)n1-Y1(M1)a1(Z1)b1)m6 (18) or -(R8)-((Q3)n3-Y3)m6 (19);    Ar3=(2+n6+n7) valent optionally substituted aromatic group;    n6,n7,m5,m6=1 or more;    R7=single bond or (1+m5) valent organic group;    R8=single bond or (1+m6) valent organic group;    R9=monovalent group of formula: -R11-((Q2)n2-Y2(M2)a2(Z2)b2)m7 (21) or -R12-((Q3)n3-Y3)n8 (22);    R11=single bond or (1+m7) valent organic group;    m7,m8=1 or more;and    R12=single bond or (1+m8) valent organic group.