TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acids applied to the biomass consist of acetic, propionic, malic, succinic, formic and lactic acids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: A cellulosic solids product is recovered from the pelletized material by solvent washing the pelletized material in iterations with filtration, where the partly depolymerized hemicellulosic and lignin materials from the pelletized material are separated together from the remaining cellulosic solids. The method (m1) further involves in at least one iteration, washing the partly depolymerized hemicellulosic and lignin materials with filtering to separate water-insoluble lignin solids from water-soluble hemicellulosic materials. The partly depolymerized hemicellulosic materials are separated from the pelletized material by water washing the pelletized material in iterations with filtration, and the lignins are subsequently separated from the cellulosic solids product by a separate solvent wash with filtration, also in iterations. The method (m1) further involves acid hydrolysis step conducted on the partly depolymerized hemicellulosic materials after the same have been separated from the lignins and cellulosic solids product; and further involves fermenting the product of the acid hydrolysis of the hemicellulosic materials to produce ethanol, lysine, threonine, lactic, gluconic or other organic acids, or hydrogenating and hydrotreating the product of the acid hydrolysis step to yield a fuel additive product for transportation fuels. The water-insoluble lignins are subjected to ozonolysis or exposure to other oxidants, or combusted as a fuel, or supplied to a coking process for making a liquid hydrocarbon product and coke, or fed to a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas. The cellulosic solids are contacted with a strong mineral acid to hydrolyze the same and provide a hexose product or stream, and the hexose product or stream is fermented to produce ethanol, lysine, threonine, lactic, gluconic or other organic acids. The method (m1) further involves drying the filtrate containing the solubilized hemicelluloses and lignins to provide a high solids content material as to be pelletized, and pelletizing the resulting material. The lignocellulosic biomass processed is ensiled whole plant corn, where the biomass is preprocessed before the concentrated organic acid vapors are applied to isolate and remove at least one component of the ensiled whole plant corn. The leaf fraction of corn stover is isolated and removed mechanically from the ensiled whole plant corn biomass before the same is contacted with the concentrated organic acid vapors. At least one components which are higher in sulfur, nitrogen or ash content are mechanically isolated and removed from the ensiled whole plant corn biomass is contacted with the concentrated organic acid vapors. The concentrated organic acid vapors are applied to the biomass at an elevated temperature of greater than or equal to 50 degrees C, where the concentrated organic acid vapors contain formic and/or acetic acid ( greater than or equal to 50, preferably greater than or equal to 70, especially 90 wt.%) with water (up to balance), are applied to the biomass. The organic acid-treated biomass is dried to a moisture content of less than or equal to 10 wt.%. The dried biomass is pelletized without the addition of a further binder. The organic acid vapor steeping, drying and pelletizing steps are applied at several of locations for shipment of pelletized material to a common second location, where the sites are on average a distance of greater than or equal to 50 (preferably greater than or equal to 80) kilometers from the common second location. The method (m1) further involves preprocessing the biomass before contact with the organic acid vapors to isolate and remove at least one component of the biomass that is higher in protein and suitable for use in or for an animal feed, or that has a higher than desired sulfur, nitrogen or ash content. The material evaporated off in drying the solid residue is collected and recycled to the organic acid vapor steeping step without a preceding separation of the organic acid or acids and water contained in such material. The concentrated acid vapors are applied at a temperature of 50-160 degrees C, a pressure of atmospheric pressure to 3.5 MPa, gauge, and for a time period of greater than or equal to 30 minutes. Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic biomass has an acid-detergent insoluble lignin content of greater than or equal to 6 wt.%, on a dry weight basis. The lignocellulosic biomass is comprised of at least one of a mature grass, grain crop residue separately or contained in a grain silage, corn stover, wheat straw, barley straw, miscanthus species, switchgrass, bahia grass, sorghum specie, sugar cane bagasse, orchardgrass, reed canarygrass and cotton gin trash. The lignocellulosic biomass processed comprises corn stover and corn fiber. The corn oil is recovered from the ensiled whole plant corn biomass before the same is contacted with the concentrated organic acid vapors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.