NOVELTY - Producing middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from ethanol charge produced from renewable source obtained from biomass, comprises: (a) purifying the charge; (b) treating the purified charge obtained with light olefin effluent comprising olefins; (c) separating the olefin effluent from step (b) by eliminating water and producing hydrocarbon gas effluent and at least one olefinic hydrocarbon liquid effluent; (d) oligomerizing at least a part of the obtained hydrocarbon effluents in the presence of e.g. zeolite catalyst; and (e) fractionating the obtained effluent.    USE - The process is useful for producing hydrocarbon based middle distillate, preferably kerosene and diesel, which is useful as biofuel in engines.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from ethanol charge produced from renewable source obtained from biomass at high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from ethanol charge produced from renewable source obtained from biomass, comprises: (a) purifying the charge; (b) treating the purified charge obtained from step (a) with light olefin effluent comprising at least 30 wt.% of olefins having 4-6C with respect to the total mass of formed hydrocarbon compounds, where the step operating in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a zeolite comprising zeolites having a structure of type CHA, ERI, MTF, AEI, AEL, FER, EUO, MEL, MFS, TON, MTT and ZBM-30 zeolites, ZSM-48, MI-5 and/or IZM-2; (c) separating the olefin effluent from step (b) by eliminating at least part of the water formed in step (b) and producing at least a hydrocarbon gas effluent mainly having less than or equal to 3C and at least one olefinic hydrocarbon liquid effluent mainly having more than 4C; (d) oligomerizing at least a part of the hydrocarbon effluents obtained from step (c) in the presence of an amorphous or zeolite catalyst having at least pore openings containing 10 or 12 oxygen atoms, producing middle distillate hydrocarbon bases; and (e) fractionating the effluent obtained from step (d) of oligomerization.