TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological organism comprises archaea, bacteria and/or eukaryotes, including Aspergillus nidulans, Bacillus subtilis, Candida curvata, Candida sorensis, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Crypthecodinium cohnii, Cryptococcus terricolus, Entomophthora coronata, Escherichia coli, Geobacter thermoglucosidasius, Hansenula polymorpha, Klebsiella oxytoca, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Lipomyces lipofer, Moorella thermoacetica Mortierella alpina, Pichia stipitis, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces bayanus, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus, Schizochytrium spp., Trichoderma Reesei, Trichosporon cutaneum, Yarrowia lipolytica and/or Zymomonas mobilis. In method (M2), the biological comprises gene of xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and at least one alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase), aldehyde reductase or coenzyme A transferase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In method (M1): the biological organism: has been genetically modified to convert the fermentation inhibiting compound to an alcohol through an aldehyde pathway with coenzyme A and two units of a reduced cofactor including NADH, where the biological organism uses at lest one alcohol dehydrogenase unit, aldehyde dehydrogenase unit (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase), aldehyde reductase unit, or coenzyme A transferase; and the consuming and production steps occur independent of sugar fermentation, or simultaneously with sugar fermentation. Preferred Components: In methods (M1) and (M2), the net consumption and production of redox-potential cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is 0. The fermentation inhibition compound comes from hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermentation inhibiting compound comprises an organic acid including acetic acid, butyric acid (both preferred), formic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, propionic acid furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and/or phenylmethylether. The aldose molecules comprise xylose. The polyol molecules comprise xylitol. The ketose molecules comprise xylulose. The aldehyde molecules comprise acetaldehyde or butyraldehyde. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.