NOVELTY - Capture and conversion of an inorganic carbon compound and/or organic compound containing only one carbon atom into organic chemical product involves: introducing the compounds into an environment suitable for maintaining oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or capable of maintaining extracts of oxyhydrogen microorganisms; and converting the compounds into the organic chemical product and/or its precursor within the environment via at least one chemosynthetic carbon-fixing reaction utilizing oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or cell extracts containing enzymes from the microorganisms.    USE - For the capture and conversion of an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an organic chemical product (claimed) e.g. liquid hydrocarbon fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The present method enables the effective and economic capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or from a point source of carbon dioxide emissions as well as the economic use of waste energy sources, renewable energy sources and/or low carbon emission energy sources, for the production of liquid transportation fuel and/or other organic chemical products, which can help greenhouse gas induced climate change and contribute to the domestic production of renewable liquid transportation fuels and/or other organic chemicals without any dependence upon agriculture. The oxyhydrogen microorganisms have an advantage over strict anaerobic acetogenic or methanogenic microorganisms for carbon capture applications due to the higher oxygen tolerance of oxyhydrogen microorganisms. The method couples the efficient production of high value organic compounds such as liquid hydrocarbon fuel with the disposal of waste sources of carbon, as well as with the capture of CO2, which can generate additional revenue.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Biological and chemical method for the capture and conversion of an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an organic chemical product, involves: introducing an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an environment suitable for maintaining oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or capable of maintaining extracts of oxyhydrogen microorganisms; and converting the inorganic carbon compound and/or the organic compound containing only one carbon atom into the organic chemical product and/or its precursor within the environment via at least one chemosynthetic carbon-fixing reaction utilizing the oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or cell extracts containing enzymes from the oxyhydrogen microorganisms. The chemosynthetic fixing reaction is at least partially driven by chemical and/or electrochemical energy provided by electron donors and electron acceptors that have been generated chemically and/or electrochemically and/or are introduced into the environment from at least one source external to the environment. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a bioreactor, comprising: two columns comprising upper and lower portion, where the upper portion of the second column is fluidically connected to the upper portion of the first column, and the lower portion of the second column is fluidically connected to the lower portion of the first column. The bioreactor is constructed and arranged such that, when a liquid is circulated between the first and second columns, a volume of gas is stationary at the top of the first column and/or the second column, and the volume of gas occupies at least 2% of the total volume of the column in which the volume is positioned;    (2) operating (m1) the bioreactor, involving circulating a liquid comprising a growth medium between two columns, where during operation, a volume of gas remains stationary at the top of the first column and/or the second column, and the volume of gas occupies at least about 2% of the total volume of the column in which the volume is positioned;    (3) an electrolysis device, comprising: a chamber constructed and arranged to electrolyze water to produce oxygen and hydrogen; and an outlet comprising a separator constructed and arranged to separate at least a portion of the oxygen within a stream from at least a portion of the hydrogen within a stream such that the hydrogen content of the fluid exiting the separator is suitable for use as a feed stream to a reactor containing a culture of oxyhydrogen microorganisms; and    (4) operating (m2) the electrolysis device involving: electrolyzing water to produce a first stream containing oxygen and hydrogen; and separating at least a portion of the oxygen from at least a portion of the hydrogen to produce a second stream relatively rich in hydrogen compared to the first stream, where the second stream is suitable for use as a feed stream to a reactor containing a culture of oxyhydrogen microorganisms.