TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesizing, binding and adding are performed in situ. Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanocrystal comprises group II-VI compound, group III-V compound, group IV-VI compound and/or group IV compound. The semiconductor nanocrystal has a concentration gradient in which a concentration of an element of the semiconductor nanocrystal increases in a direction from a center of the semiconductor nanocrystal to an edge of the semiconductor nanocrystal, or the semiconductor nanocrystal further comprises a core/shell structure in which a concentration of an element of the shell increases in a direction from a core of the semiconductor nanocrystal to an edge of the semiconductor nanocrystal. The metal complex ligand comprises a metal, which is the same as a metal of the semiconductor nanocrystal or is in a same periodic group as a periodic group of a metal of the semiconductor nanocrystal. The metal complex ligand is of formula ((R1)m-M-(R2)n) (I). The metal complex ligand is present at 0.1-10 moles, based on 1 mole of a semiconductor nanocrystal, and binds greater than or equal to 5% of an entire surface area of the semiconductor nanocrystal. The nanoparticle is semiconductor nanocrystal, metal particle and/or metal oxide particle. The semiconductor nanocrystal has a concentration gradient in which a concentration of an element of the semiconductor nanocrystal increases in a direction from a center of the semiconductor nanocrystal to an edge of the semiconductor nanocrystal, or the semiconductor nanocrystal further comprises a core/shell structure in which a concentration of an element of the shell increases in a direction from an interface of the shell and the core to an edge of the shell. The metal particle is of palladium, platinum, nickel, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, rubidium, gold, silver and/or copper. The metal oxide particle comprises metal oxide including silicon, titanium, cobalt, tin, aluminum, zinc, indium, zirconium, nickel, hafnium and/or vanadium. The metal complex ligand comprising crosslinkable functional group is of formula ((X1-L1)m-M-(L2-X2)n) (II).M = metal consisting group 2 element, group 4 element and/or element of groups 7-13, preferably Zn, In, Cd, Mg, Ga, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag or Au;(m+n) = valence of M; andR1, R2 = alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, oxyalkyl and/or oxyaryl (all optionally substituted, and optionally non-adjacent methylene or phenylene in R1 or R2 is substituted with sulfonyl, carbonyl, ether, -S- and/or -S(O)-);L1, L2 = alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, alkylene oxide and/or arylene oxide (all optionally substituted, and optionally non-adjacent methylene or phenylene is substituted with sulfonyl, carbonyl, ether, -S- and/or -S(O)-); eitherX1, X2 = alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, oxyalkyl, oxyaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted), aromatic group, halo, -ROR1a, acyl halide of formula (-RCOX3), -RCOOR1a, amide, amine, imine, imide, isocyanate, (meth)acrylate, thiol, phosphine, phosphine oxide, -SO3H and/or -NO2; andat least one of X1, X2 = alkenyl, alkynyl (both optionally substituted), unsaturated aromatic group, halo, -ROR1a, acyl halide of formula (-RCOX3), -RCOOR1a, amide, amine, imine, imide, isocyanate, (meth)acrylate, thiol, phosphine, phosphine oxide, -SO3H and/or-NO2;R1a = H or alkyl;R = alkylene (optionally substituted); andX3 = halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanoparticle complex further comprises a polymer shell comprising a polymer, where the polymer shell contacts the metal complex ligand. The polymer shell comprises a polymer which is a product of a polymerizable a monomer having a reactive functional group consisting alkenyl, alkynyl (both optionally substituted), unsaturated aromatic group, halogen, (-ROR1a), acyl halide of formula (-RCOX3), (-RCOOR1a), amide, amine, imine, imide, isocyanate, (meth)acrylate, thiol, phosphine, phosphine oxide, -SO3H and/or -NO2, or a product of a polymer comprising at least one of the above reactive functional groups. The polymer is bonded to at least one ligand of the metal complex ligand. EXAMPLE - Indium acetate (0.75 mmol), palmitic acid (2.25 mmol) and 1-octadecene (15 ml) were agitated at 120 degrees C for 1 hour under vacuum, and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (0.375 mmol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere to get first solution. In another flask, indium acetate (0.6 mmol), palmitic acid (1.8 mmol), and 1-octadecene (30 ml) were agitated at 120 degrees C for 1 hour under vacuum and then heated under nitrogen atmosphere at 280 degrees C. The tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (0.3 mmol) was added to the mixture, and after 40 minutes, the first solution (11 ml) was added dropwise. After 30 minutes, the resulting reaction mixture was cooled and separated with acetone. The resultant product was dispersed into toluene. Separately, zinc acetate (0.6 mmol), oleic acid (1.2 mmol) and trioctylamine (20 ml) were heated at 120 degrees C under vacuum and then at 220 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. Then indium phosphide was added and sulfur-trioctyl phosphine solution (1.2 mmol, 0.4 M) was added dropwise and worked up to give indium phosphide/zinc sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals. The indium phosphide/zinc sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals were coated with palmitic acid, trioctylphosphine, trioctylamine and oleic acid and cooled. Then zinc undecylenate (1.5 mmol) was added and resulting reaction mixture was heated at 230 degrees C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled, separated with ethanol, and dispersed into toluene to obtain indium phosphide/zinc sulfide/ zinc undecylenate nanoparticle complex.