TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fatty acids are obtained by: physical refining including steam distillation or vacuum distillation of fats and oils; hydrolysis of triglycerides of the fats and oils; or acidulation of soaps. The fatty acid soaps are obtained by: saponification of fats and oils; chemical refining including neutralization of free fatty acids present in the fats and oils; or neutralization of fatty acids, obtained from hydrolysis of the fats and oils. The refined fats and oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffins as bio-naphtha along with bio-propane, by hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of hydrogen and at least one catalyst comprising nickel, molybdenum and/or cobalt e.g. nickel-tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-tungsten, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-tungsten and cobalt-molybdenum-tungsten oxides or sulfides as catalytic phase, preferably supported on high surface area carbon, alumina, silica, titania or zirconia. The refined oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffins as bio-naphtha by hydrolysis of the fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acids, where removal of the glycerol is by physical refining including steam distillation or vacuum distillation of fats and oils, or by acidulation of soaps and hydrodeoxygenation or decarboxylation of the fatty acids is conducted in the presence of hydrogen and at least one catalyst comprising nickel, molybdenum and/or cobalt e.g. nickel-tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-tungsten, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-tungsten and cobalt-molybdenum-tungsten oxides or sulfides as catalytic phase, preferably supported on high surface area carbon, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia or group 10 (nickel, platinum and palladium) and group 11 (copper and silver) metals or alloy mixtures supported on high surface area carbon, magnesia, zinc-oxide, spinels (magnesium aluminate and zinc aluminate), perovskites (barium titanate and zinc titanate), calcium silicates (e.g. xonotlite), alumina, silica and/or silica-alumina. The refined oils are transformed into linear or substantially linear paraffin's as bio-naphtha by hydrolysis of the fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acids, where removal of the glycerol is by physical refining including steam distillation or vacuum distillation of fats and oils or by acidulation of soaps and decarboxylation of the fatty acids is carried out on basic oxides e.g. alkaline oxides, alkaline earth oxides, lanthanide oxides, zinc oxide, spinels (magnesium aluminate and zinc aluminate), perovskites (barium titanate and zinc titanate) and calcium silicates (e.g. xonotlite), either as bulk material or dispersed on neutral or basic carriers e.g. basic zeolites (e.g. alkali or alkaline earth low silica/alumina zeolites obtained by exchange or impregnation). The hydrodeoxygenation is carried out at 200-500 degrees C under a pressure of 1-10 MPa with hydrogen at feedstock ratio of 100-2000 Nl/l. The decarboxylation is carried out at 100-550 degrees C under a pressure of 0.1-10 MPa with hydrogen at feedstock ratio of 0-2000 Nl/l. The decarboxylation of the soaps is carried out at 100-550 degrees C under pressure of 0.1-10 MPa in the presence of water at a feedstock ratio of at least 1 mole water per mole of soap. In the steam-cracking process: the hydrocarbon feedstock is mixed with steam in a ratio of 0.3-0.4 kg steam per kg hydrocarbon feedstock; and the mixture is heated to 750-950 degrees C at a residence time of 0.05-0.5 seconds, preferably 0.05-0.15 seconds. Preferred Components: The complex mixture of natural occurring fats and oils comprise vegetable oils or animal fats, preferably inedible oils, highly saturated oils, waste food oils and/or by-products of refining of the vegetable oils. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.