TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, or tungstic oxide. The substrate is a transparent substrate coated with indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, carbon nanotube, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid is liquid carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, subcritical water, supercritical water, subcritical methane, supercritical methane, subcritical ethane, supercritical ethane, subcritical propane, supercritical propane, subcritical butane, supercritical butane, subcritical ethylene, supercritical ethylene, subcritical propylene, supercritical propylene, subcritical methanol, supercritical methanol, subcritical ethanol, supercritical ethanol, subcritical propanol, supercritical propanol, subcritical tetrafluoromethane, supercritical tetrafluoromethane, subcritical difluoromethane, supercritical difluoromethane, subcritical trifluoromethane, supercritical trifluoromethane, subcritical hexafluoroethane, supercritical hexafluoroethane, subcritical pentafluoroethane, supercritical pentafluoroethane, subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, subcritical difluoroethane, and/or supercritical difluoroethane. The quantum dot precursor is organometallic compound bonded to a ligand chosen from acetylacetonate, hexafluoroacetylacetonate, tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, and (cyclooctadiene). The metal is cadmium, lead, copper and/or zinc. The precursor is preferably cadmium hexafluoroacetylacetonate, cadmium acetylacetonate, cadmium acetate, cadmium bromide, cadmium chloride, cadmium fluoride, cadmium cyclohexabutyrate, cadmium iodide, cadmium nitrate, cadmium perchlorate, dimethyl cadmium, cadmium carbonate, gallium acetylacetonate, gallium hexafluoroacetylacetonate, gallium bromide, gallium chloride, gallium fluoride, gallium iodide, gallium nitrate, triethyl gallium, diethylamide gallium, gallium(III) 2,4-pentadionate, gallium perchlorate, gallium tetramethylheptanedionate, indium acetylacetonate, indium hexafluoroacetylacetonate, indium acetate, indium bromide, indium chloride, indium fluoride, indium iodide, indium nitrate, indium perchlorate, indium trifluoroacetate, indium trifluoroacetylacetonate, trimethyl indium, indium tetramethylheptanedionate, lead acetylacetonate, lead hexafluoroacetylacetonate, lead tetramethylheptanedionate, lead acetate, lead bromide, lead chloride, lead fluoride, lead iodide, lead 2,4-pentanedionate, lead trifluoroacetate, copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, copper tetramethylheptanedionate, copper bromide, cupric chloride, copper fluoride, copper ethylacetoacetate, copper perchlorate, copper tetrafluoroborate, copper trifluoroacetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc hexafluoroacetylacetonate, zinc tetramethylheptanedionate, dimethyl zinc, diethyl zinc, zinc bromide, zinc chloride, zinc fluoride, and/or zinc tetrafluoroborate.