TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: In the carbon material, the mesopores are uniformly arranged in a hexagonal closed packed structure or a cubic closed packed structure; at least 75% of the mesopores have pore diameters of 0.6-1.4 times an average pore diameter of the mesopores. Preferred Components: The conductive material comprises carbon nanotubes, metal particles, and/or metal oxide particles. The conductive material is formed adjacent to the mesopores. The size of at least a part of the conductive material is less than 50 nm. The metal particles comprises titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), ruthenium (Ru), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), cerium (Ce), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), indium (In), osmium (Os), copper (Cu) or niobium (Nb) (preferably Mn, Co, Ni, Pt, Cu, Ag or Au). The metal oxide particles comprises ZnO, CoO. The lyotropic surfactant is mesophasic lyotropic surfactant. The conductive particles are precursor of conductive particles. The precursor of conductive particles comprises a precursor of metal particles, and/or precursor of metal oxide particles. The precursor of metal particles and the precursor of metal oxide particles are selected from nitrate, sulfuric salt, phosphate, perchlorate, halide, inorganic metal salt and metal alkoxide of a transition metal element. The transition metal element comprises Ti, Pt, Ag, Au, Al, Ru, Fe, V, Ce, Zn, Sn, W, Ni, Co, Mn, In, Os, Cu or Nb.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step of removing the mesophasic lyotropic surfactant involves water-washing process, a solvent extraction process or a heating process. In the method, the heating process is performed at 200-600 degrees C. The method further involves drying the mixture after removing the mesophasic lyotropic surfactant from the mixture. The thermal treatment for carbonizing the polymer material is performed at 600-1500 degrees C. The method further involves reacting the mixture to form a conductive material/film, where the step of reacting to the mixture includes adjusting the pH value of the mixture. The metal particles are formed from a precursor of metal particles, the metal oxide particles are formed from a precursor of metal oxide particles, and the method further involves reacting to the mixture to form the metal particles and/or the metal oxide particles, where the step of reacting to the mixture involves adjusting the pH value of the mixture or hydrolyzing and condensing the mixture. Preferred Components: The mesophasic lyotropic surfactant is a structure-directing agent. The polymer material comprises an organic polymer material. The polymer material comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, furfural-based resins and/or phenolic resin. The mesophasic lyotropic surfactant comprises a block copolymer surfactant. EXAMPLE - A F127 (RTM: a mesophasic lyotropic surfactant containing (EO)106(PO)70(EO)106) (1 g) and zinc acetate (0.1 g) were dissolved in ethanol (18 g) and stirred to form a clear solution. Then, 77 wt.% phenolic resin (1.3 g) was added to the solution. After stirring for 2 hours, the mixture was transferred into dishes to evaporate ethanol at room temperature for 10-16 hours. Then, it took 24 hours at 100 degrees C in an oven to make the phenolic resin solidify (thermopolymerized). The product, F127/zinc compound/polymer composite was obtained. Finally, a calcination process was carried out in a tubular furnace under nitrogen (N2) flow at 600 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain the mesoporous carbon-zinc oxide composite having ordered hexagonal closed packed structure. The mesoporous carbon-zinc oxide composite showed specific surface area and pore diameter of 562 m2/g and 3.8 nm, respectively.