TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic electric pair can be water-soluble inorganic electric pair, dissolving/depositing inorganic electric pair, or inorganic electric pair in a solid electrode; where it can be composed of at least one of the following metals with variable valence: cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), cerium (Ce), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and indium (In). The anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte can be acid or neutral aqueous solutions; where the electrolyte includes at least one of the following components: sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), methanesulfonic acid, fluoroboric acid, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). The anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte can be alkali aqueous solutions; where the electrolyte includes at least one of the following components: barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and triethanolamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble organic electric pair can be oxygen-containing radical organic matter and its derivative, sulfur-containing radical organic matter and its derivative, nitrogen-containing radical organic matter and its derivative, or metal organic compound and its derivative; where the oxygen-containing radical organic matter and its derivative can be phenol quinine, aldehyde ketone, or oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound; the sulfur-containing radical organic matter and its derivative can be disulfide, sulfur ether, or sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound; the nitrogen-containing radical organic matter and its derivative can be nitryl, azyl, or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound; and the metal organic compound and its derivative can be dicyclopentadienyl iron or dicyclopentadienyl nickel.