TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The plant further comprises: an esterification unit to react the biodiesel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin; and a line adapted for supplying the glycerin to the pentose conversion unit. The pentose depolymerization unit uses a hydrolysis process, an acidic process (pH 7 and below), a basic or alkali process (pH above 7), an ammonia fiber expansion process, an enzymatic process, a solvent process, a thermomechanical process, a thermochemical process, a steam based process, a steam explosion process, a hot water based treatment process and/or a supercritical process. The pentose conversion unit uses a microorganism. The pentose conversion unit uses an algae process, a bacterial process, a fungal process, a free enzyme process, a chemical process, a thermochemical process and/or a thermocatalytic process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of depolymerizing the lignocellulosic material to form pentose comprises a hydrolysis process, an acidic process (pH 7 and below), a basic or alkali process (pH above 7), an ammonia fiber expansion process, an enzymatic process, a solvent process, a thermomechanical process, a thermochemical process, a steam based process, a steam explosion process, a hot water based treatment process and/or a supercritical process. The step of converting the hexose or the pentose to the first biofuel material or the second biofuel material comprises a microorganism process (an algae process, a bacterial process, a fungal process, a free enzyme process, a chemical process, a thermochemical process and/or a thermocatalytic process). The step of removing hexose from the feedstock comprises crushing, milling and/or diffusion. The step of converting the hexose or pentose to the first biofuel material or the second biofuel material comprises ethanol fermentation. The process further comprises consuming the residue to produce energy comprising burning the residue in a fired heater or a boiler unit; and generating steam. The process further comprises: reacting the second biofuel material with an alcohol-based material to form a biodiesel product and glycerin; and optionally converting the glycerin to additional biodiesel material. Preferred Components: The second biofuel material is a biodiesel material or a biogasoline material. The feedstock comprises sugarcane, energy cane, corn, maize, Sorghum, sweet Sorghum, sugar beet, rice and/or cassaya. The lignocellulosic material comprises bagasse, rice straw, corn stover, Miscanthus, switchgrass, wheat straw, wood, wood waste, paper, paper waste, agricultural waste or municipal waste. The residue comprises cellulose or lignin. The second biofuel material comprises a biodiesel material; and the biodiesel material comprises polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters, triglycerides and/or alkanes. The hexose comprises glucose, sucrose, or fructose; and the pentose comprises xylose. The alcohol-based material comprises ethanol or methanol; the biogasoline derived from converting hexose. EXAMPLE - Sugar cane (4.8 megatons) was fed into an integrated tank for crushing and milling to produce 720 kilotons of hexose sugar juice and 4 megatons of bagasse. The sugar juice was fermented to produce alcohols. The bagasse was hydrolyzed to 140 kilotons of pentose sugar juice (based on 15% fiber in sugar cane and 20% sugar content from hemicellulose) and 580 kilotons of lignin and cellulose residue. The lignin and cellulose residue were combusted to produce steam and electricity for use in the process or export to the electrical distribution grid. The pentose sugar juice was fermented to produce the biodiesel material and/or oil. The pentose fermentation in a pentose fermentor utilized different organisms or pathways from the hexose fermentation.