TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oxyhydrogen microorganisms are selected from: purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and/or green algae (preferably cyanobacteria and/or green algae); Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum , Rhodococcus, Rhizobium, Thiocapsa , Pseudomonas, Hydrogenomonas, Hydrogenobacter , Hydrogenovibrio, Helicobacter, Xanthobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Bradyrhizobium , Ralstonia, Alcaligenes, Variovorax , Acidovorax, Anabaena, Scenedesmus , Chlamydomonas, Ankistrodesmus, and Rhaphidium (preferably Rhodospirillum, Rhizobium, Thiocapsa, Hydrogenovibrio , Helicobacter, Xanthobacter, Hydrogenophaga , Bradyrhizobium,Variovorax, Acidovorax , Anabaena, Scenedesmus ,Chlamydomonas , Ankistrodesmus, and Rhaphidium).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic carbon compound comprises carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comprises carbon dioxide gas, either alone and/or dissolved in a mixture or solution further comprising carbonate ion and/or bicarbonate ion. The inorganic carbon comprises inorganic carbon contained in a solid phase. The electron donors include reducing agents selected from ammonia; ammonium; carbon monoxide; dithionite; elemental sulfur; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; metabisulfites; nitric oxide; nitrites; sulfates such as thiosulfates including sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) or calcium thiosulfate (CaS2O3); sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide; sulfites; thionate; thionite; transition metals or their sulfides, oxides, chalcogenides, halides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, phosphates, sulfates, or carbonates, in dissolved or solid phases; and conduction or valence band electrons in solid state electrode materials. The electron acceptors comprise at least one of: carbon dioxide; oxygen; nitrites; nitrates; ferric iron or other transition metal ions; sulfates; or valence or conduction band holes in solid state electrode materials. The electron donors are generated from minerals of natural origin selected from at least one of: elemental Fe0; siderite (FeCO3); magnetite (Fe3O4); pyrite or marcasite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe(1-x)S (x=0 to 0.2), pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8, violarite (Ni2FeS4), bravoite (Ni,Fe)S2, arsenopyrite (FeAsS), or other iron sulfides; realgar (AsS); orpiment (AS2S3); cobaltite (CoAsS); rhodochrosite (MnCOs); chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4), covellite (CuS), tetrahedrite (Cu8Sb2S7), enargite (Cu3AsS4), tennantite (Cu12As4Si3), chalcocite (Cu2S), or other copper sulfides; sphalerite (ZnS), marmatite (ZnS), or other zinc sulfides; galena (PbS), geocronite (Pb5(Sb,As2)S8), or other lead sulfides; argentite or acanthite (Ag2S); molybdenite (MoS2); millerite (NiS), polydymite (Ni3S4) or other nickel sulfides; antimonite (Sb2S3); Ga2S3; CuSe; cooperite (PtS); laurite (RuS2); braggite (Pt,Pd,Ni)S; or FeCl2. The electron donors are generated from pollutants or waste products selected from at least one of: process gas; tail gas; enhanced oil recovery vent gas; biogas; acid mine drainage; landfill leachate; landfill gas; geothermal gas; geothermal sludge or brine; metal contaminants; gangue; tailings; sulfides; disulfides; carbonyl sulfide; carbon disulfide; thiosulfate; hydrogen sulfide; and all other sour gases. The waste product comprises a waste product from the nutrient medium used to maintain the oxyhydrogen reaction. The volume of gas comprises hydrogen and/or oxygen (preferably hydrogen); and occupies 2-10% of the total volume of the column in which the volume is positioned.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The bioreactor contains a liquid culture medium and an oxyhydrogen microorganism. In the method (m1), the first and/or second column comprises an inlet, and at least a portion of the gas positioned at the top of a column is recycled from the volume back to the first and/or second column via the inlet of the first and/or second column; and the bioreactor contains an oxyhydrogen microorganism. The electrolysis device outlet is connected in fluid communication with a bioreactor. In the electrolysis device, the bioreactor is constructed and arranged for the capture and conversion of an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an organic chemical product by an oxyhydrogen microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The converting step is preceded by chemical preprocessing steps in which the electron donors and/or electron acceptors are generated and/or refined from at least one input chemical and/or are recycled from chemicals produced during the fixing step and/or chemicals derived from waste streams from other industrial, mining, agricultural, sewage or waste generating processes. The converting step is followed by process steps in which organic and/or inorganic chemical products of chemosynthesis are separated from a process stream produced during the converting step and processed to form products in a form suitable for storage, shipping, and sale; as well as process steps in which cell mass is separated from the process stream and recycled to the environment as and/or collected and processed to produce biomass in a form for storage, shipping, and sale. The converting step is followed by process steps in which waste products and/or impurities and/or contaminants are removed from a process stream produced during the fixing step and disposed off. The converting step is followed by process steps in which any unused nutrients and/or process water left after removal of oxyhydrogen cell mass and/or chemical co-products of chemosynthesis and/or waste products or contaminants of the process stream produced during the fixing step are recycled back into the environment to support further chemosynthesis. The electron donors and/or electron acceptors are generated or recycled using renewable, alternative, or conventional sources of power that are low in greenhouse gas emissions, where the sources of power are selected from at least one of photovoltaics, solar thermal, wind power, hydroelectric, nuclear, geothermal, enhanced geothermal, ocean thermal, ocean wave power, and tidal power. The delivery of reducing equivalents from the electron donors to the oxyhydrogen microorganisms for the chemosynthetic reaction or reactions during the fixing step is kinetically and/or thermodynamically enhanced by introduction of hydrogen storage materials into the environment in the form of a solid support media for microbial growth that facilitates bringing absorbed or adsorbed hydrogen electron donors into close proximity with the chemoautotrophic organisms; introduction of electron mediators to help transfer reducing power from poorly soluble electron donor comprising H2 gas or electrons in solid state electrode materials into the chemoautotrophic culture media; and introduction of electrode materials in the form of a solid growth support media directly into the environment that facilitates bringing solid state electrons into close proximity with the chemoautotrophic organisms. The chemosynthetic reaction is performed by oxyhydrogen microorganisms that have been improved, optimized or engineered for the fixation of an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom and the production of organic compounds through methods including: accelerated mutagenesis, genetic engineering or modification, hybridization, synthetic biology and traditional selective breeding. The method (m2) involves feeding the second stream to a bioreactor containing an oxyhydrogen microorganism. Preferred Components: The organic compound containing only one carbon atom comprises carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, and/or formic acid. The electron donors and/or organic compounds containing only one carbon atom are generated through the gasification and/or pyrolysis of organic matter or through methane steam reforming and provided as a syngas to the oxyhydrogen microorganisms. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the syngas is adjusted via the water gas shift reaction prior to the syngas being delivered to the oxyhydrogen microorganisms. The electron donors are generated from pollutants or waste products selected from at least one of: mercaptans selected from methyl and dimethyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan; alkanesulfonates; dialkyl sulfides; thiofurans; thiocyanates; isothiocyanates; thioureas; thiols; thiophenols; thioethers; thiophene; dibenzothiophene; tetrathionate; dithionite; thionate; dialkyl disulfides; sulfones; sulfoxides; sulfolanes; sulfonic acid; dimethylsulfoniopropionate; sulfonic esters; sulfate esters; organic sulfur; and sulfur dioxide. The organic chemical product includes 5-30C compounds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.