TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic resource comprises agricultural residue, animal waste, woody biomass, municipal solid waste, industry solid waste and its combination. The industry solid waste comprises waste from paper production, oil production, alcohol production, food production, and its combination, where the food production is corn production, and where the oil production is palm oil production. The alcohol production is ethanol production. One or more cellulosic-based hydrocarbon products comprise diesel fuel, one or more components of diesel fuel, jet fuel, one or more components of jet fuel, gasoline fuel, one or more component of gasoline fuel, naptha, gasoline/naphtha mixture or its combination. Bio-oil is less corrosive as compared to bio-oil produced using both the cellulosic and non-cellulosic portions of the lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-oil has less oxygen content and more carbon content as compared to bio-oil produced using both the cellulosic and non-cellulosic portions of the lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-oil has more energy content as compared to bio-oil produced using both the cellulosic and non-cellulosic portions of the lignocellulosic biomass. One or more non-cellulosic-based hydrocarbon products comprise diesel fuel, one or more components of diesel fuel, gasoline fuel, one or more component of gasoline fuel, naptha, a gasoline/naphtha mixture or its combination. Preferred Method: Fermenting is oleaginous fermenting and the oleaginous fermenting is performed with oleaginous species. Microbial oil is converted to one or more cellulosic-based hydrocarbon products with hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization. The hydrodeoxygenation and the hydroisomerization are both carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere. The bio-oil is converted to one or more non-cellulosic based hydrocarbon products using hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking. Hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere. Preferred Composition: The oleaginous species have a dry cell biomass and are capable of accumulating lipids at more than 20% of the dry cell biomass. The microbial oil contains more than 95 wt% of fatty acids, where the fatty acid is a 12 to 24 carbon (C) mono unsaturated hydrocarbon chain or a 12 to 24 C poly-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.