TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound is chosen from e.g. ((((2E)-7-(diethylamino)-3-tetrahydrothien-2-yl-2H-chromen-2-ylidene)amino)methylene)malononitrile, 2-((9-(tetrahydro-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,4H-11-oxa-3a-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-(10E)-ylideneamino)-methylene)-malononitrile, ((((2E)-7-amino-3-tetrahydrothien-2-yl-2H-chromen-2ylidene)amino)methylene)malononitrile, 2-((((2E)-7-(dicyclohexylamino)-3-(thiolan-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ylidene)amino)methylidene)propanedinitrile and ((((2E)-7-(diethylamino)-3-tetrahydrothien-2-yl-2H-chromen-2-ylidene)amino)methylene)malononitrile. The electron acceptor layer material comprises 60C fullerene and its derivative, thiophene material, poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) derivative or condensed aromatic compound. The 60C fullerene derivative comprises (6,6)-C61-methyl, (6,6)-C61-butyrate, and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl thienyl-(6,6)-methylene fullerene. The thiophene material comprises vinyl-trimerizationthiophene. The condensed aromatic compound material comprises 3,4,9,10-perylenebenzimidazole or 3,4,9,10-perylene acid dianhydride. The cathode buffer layer material comprises the electron donor material or organic compound chosen from and metal organic complex, pyridine, phenanthroline, furodiazole and/or imidazole compound material. The anode buffer layer material comprises organic compound chosen from phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, porphyrin derivative, aromatic diamine compound or polymer material. The inorganic compound in the cathode buffer layer material is chosen from cesium, lithium fluoride, calcium oxide, titanium oxide or zinc oxide. The inorganic compound in the anode buffer layer is chosen from molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide or tungsten trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) derivative comprises (-1,4-1,2-(1)-vinylidene-2,5-dioctyl-1,4-1,2-(2)-vinylidene-1,4-phenylene)polymer, and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2)-( alpha )-cyano-supporting p-styrene).