TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding artificial acclimation oxygen additives and alkaline resistant cellulose (0.5-1.5 wt.%) to the spray solution to decompose Brevibacterium. Preferred Components: The spray solution is sprayed at 40-80 g/1000 g of crushed straw materials. The particle size of crushed materials is 1-10 mm. The spray solution is maintained at 60-80 degrees C during spraying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfoacid organic acid is 1,2,4-trimethyl-5-phenylsulfonic acid, 2,4,5-trimethyl phenylsulfonic acid, n-methyl phenylsulfonic acid, tetramethylammoniumhydroxide, tetraethylammoniumhydroxide or tetrabutylammoniumhydroxide. The amount of sulfoacid organic acid is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the waste oil, and the feeding amount of the methanol is 40-60 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst may comprise (pts.wt.) nickel oxide (9), magnesium oxide (15), cerium oxide (7), tungsten oxide (10), and olivine (59). Preferred Method: The carrier pre-processing includes putting olivine (10-100 g) in a crucible, putting in a muffle furnace, burning for 3-30 hours at 700-1200 degrees C, grinding and sieving the burnt olivine, and preparing the olivine carrier particles of 16-100 meshes. The step of leading in the main active component is mixing olivine carrier particles (1-30 g) of 16-70 meshes nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) aqueous solution (0.01-2 g/ml), stirring for 2-15 hours at 30-80 degrees C, after dipping, drying for 12 hours at 110 degrees C, putting the obtained sample in a muffle furnace, burning for 3-20 hours at 500-1000 degrees C, putting the burnt catalyst in a dryer, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving. The step of leading in functional coactive components is mixing load olivine particles (1-30 g) with cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3.6H2O) (0.01-1.5 g/ml), stirring for 2-15 hours at 30-80 degrees C, after dipping, drying for 12 hours at 110 degrees C, putting the obtained sample in the muffle furnace, burning for 3-20 hours at 500-1000 degrees C, putting the burnt catalyst in a dryer, cooling to room temperature, and grinding; and processing dipping for ammonium tungstate aqueous solution (0.01-1.5 g/ml). The catalyst is activated by putting cracking catalyst (10-100 g) of biomass gasification tar of 16-70 meshes in a catalyst appraisal device, restoring the cracking catalyst of biomass gasification tar for 5-350 minutes at 400-1000 degrees C with the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen of 1-50:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The diastatic enzyme is chosen from cellulose, xylanase, beta -glucosidase and their mixtures. Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed using Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2, Brettanomyces curstersii, Saccharomyces uvzrun or Candida brassicae. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The biomass material is selected from oil palm shells, oil palm fibers, empty fruit bunches, dried leaves, rice husks, wood wastes and municipal solid wastes or its mixtures. Preferred Condition: The biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 250 degrees C has fixed carbon content of 57%, volatile matter content of 39%, moisture content of 3% and ash content of 1%; the biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 220 degrees C has fixed carbon content of 44%, volatile matter content of 52%, moisture content of 3% and ash content of 1%; the biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 200 degrees C has fixed carbon content of 34%, volatile matter content of 62%, moisture content of 3% and ash content of 3%; or the biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 180 degrees C has fixed carbon content of 27%, volatile matter content of 67%, moisture content of 3% and ash content of 3%. The biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 250 degrees C has density of 1133 kg/m3. The biocoal produced at carbonization temperature of 250 degrees C has calorific values of 22.0-32.0 MJ/kg. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the system, the injected microorganism suspension comprises photosynthetic bacteria in an amount ranging from 20% to 30%, lactic acid bacteria in an amount ranging from 15% to 20%, yeasts in an amount ranging from 5% to 10% and the balance amount being water and the microorganisms on the carrier material and in the porous container being in similar relative proportions. Principal microorganisms in the microorganism culture comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidium, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus bulgaris, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus diacetylaetis, Lactococcus lactis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Streptococcus thermophilus. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system comprises a pellet production device (8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: At least two crushing steps in the shock impact mill are carried out with subsequent sieving. The respective mixture is subjected to shock duration of 5-30 seconds. The crushing is carried out in the shock impact mill before introducing the coarse and fine particles in a water bath. A drying step of the coarse particle components following the separation step are carried out by an air separator (7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The liquid phase is utilized for culture solution of preculture of the microorganisms, where the enzymes are added to the liquid phase optionally and the liquid phase is utilized for regulating water content at the time of SSF. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biogas contains 40-70% methane. Methane concentration in biogas is stabilized to greater than or equal to 55% after being refined. Preferred Conditions: Residence time or holding time of biogas in refining part is 0.5-20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves removing foreign substance from disaggregated liquid and suspended liquid. The dehydration process is performed at 60-95 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is obtained from activated sludge and moisture content is dried. The lipid is extracted from microorganism cell using solvent. Preferred Process: The microorganism cell is dried after adhering with lipid. The microorganism carrier is obtained by degreasing using solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lipid which is soy lecithin or egg yolk lecithin contains phosphorus (1.4-3.6%). The solvent contains polar organic solvent (preferably alcohol and ketone) and water. The alcohol is methyl alcohol and the ketone is acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The pressing filtering solution treating device comprises a receiving tank, dynamic mixing tank, sand stone separator and a feeding buffering device which are orderly connected. A water collector is connected with the dynamic mixing tank for diluting the garbage from the receiving tank. The sand stone collector is connected with the sand stone separator for collecting the separated sand and stone. The marsh gas pre-treating device comprises a filter, purifying device connected with the filter, gas storing container connected with the purifying device and a condensed water collector connected with the gas storing container. The marsh solution dehydrating device comprises a centrifuge, sewage cutting device, flocculating agent configuring station, conveyor and a centrifuging solution storing device which are connected with the centrifuge. The power generating device comprises a boosting draught fan and marsh gas utilizing unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The hydraulic motor assembly comprises a hydraulic motor for stably rotating around its rotary shaft, an oil convey tube connected to the hydraulic motor and communicating with an oil path in the sealing shell of the hydraulic motor, and a hydraulic pump station for supplying oil to the hydraulic motor through the oil convey tube and controlling the pressure, flow and direction of oil stream in the oil convey tube to adjust rotational speed, rotation direction and power of the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor assembly further comprises an oil return tube for returning the supplied oil of the hydraulic pump station to the hydraulic pump station after passing the oil path in the sealing shell of the hydraulic motor. The stirrer comprises a stirring shaft engaged with the rotary shaft of the hydraulic motor, and a stirring blade fixedly connected with the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft of the stirrer is driven by the hydraulic motor to rotate such that torque, rotational speed and rotation direction of the stirring blade is adjusted. The stirring blade of the stirrer obtains enough large torque by hydraulic motor drive to stir the high-concentration livestock waste mixed medium in the fermentation tank. The hydraulic motor is disposed in the fermentation tank. The fermentation tank further comprises a support wall for fixing the hydraulic motor. The rotary shaft of the hydraulic motor is engaged with the stirring shaft of the stirrer through a spline. The rotational speed of the stirring blade is 10-120 revolutions per minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratios of biomass feedstock and organic solvent are 1:1-1:5. The organic solvent is acetophenone or benzyl alcohol. The biomass feedstock is cellulose containing biomass feedstock, construction waste material, sawmill offcuts, coppiced timber, pruning material, wood land surplus material, driftwood, mowed grass, coffee bean residue, sludge and/or coconut husk. Preferred Parameter: The biomass feedstock has water content of less than or equal to 10 mass% and particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The animal product excrement is at least one of pig, cattle, rabbet, chicken, duck, goose, horse and sheep with water content of 5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The livestock manure is excrement of at least one of pig, cattle, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose, horse, and sheep with content of 5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial fermentation strain is obtained by respectively culturing, fermenting and pulverizing Endomycopsis fibuligera ZJY2 strain, Streptomyces luteogriseus W1 strain, Bacillus cereus ME1-2 strain and Azotobacter chroococcum, and mixing at weight ratio of 4:2.5:2.5:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The solid fermented substance is putrefaction product from human body and animal; decayed waste generated by crude, fresh vegetable and dry market product; waste generated during agricultural and industrial production; and/or roots, stems and/or leaves of plant. The soil comprises agricultural soil, river mud, and/or sea mud. The liquid fermented substance is waste liquid having no heavy metal pollutant, and/or urine generated by human and poultry. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aprotic solvent is cyclohexane or ethyl acetate. The photosensitizer is rose red, methylene blue, tetraphenylporphyrin, or chlorophyll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The transverse separation plate is arranged horizontally. The slope of the basal plate of the box is greater than or equal to 15 degrees C. The basal plate is a glassfiber reinforced concrete (GRC) porous separation plate component. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The air-collecting cover of the plastic cloth is made of black anti-aging plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is FL-2, AB-8 or D101 having styrene as the main framework. The gel-type hydrogen bond adsorbent resin is MG-1, MG-2 or OU-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mol. ratio of DL-methionine to acetic anhydride is 1:1.5-2. The mol ratio of DL-methionine to acetic acid is 1:9-11. The acylation temperature is 40-70 degrees C. The content of the condensed acetyl DL-methionine is 20-30%. The acetic acid is recovered via vacuum distilling method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Calcium carbide tail gas is pre-processed. The dust is removed and the temperature is reduced. Oxygen is removed from the tail gas. The oxygen content is reduced 0.2%. The tail gas enters a low-sulfur low-temperature three-section conversion reaction. Variable pressure adsorbing process is used to purify and clean the gas by feeding to an adsorbing tower to remove carbon dioxide to obtain carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The content of sulfur in the purified gas is not greater than 0.1 ppm. The desulfurized clean air is compressed for synthesizing the methyl alcohol. The crude methyl alcohol is rectified to obtain fine methyl alcohol. Nitrogen gas is gathered for the alcohol from the methyl alcohol synthesizing tower, and entered to an alcohol alkylation refining section so that carbon is smaller than 10 ppm. The refined gas is fed to an ammonia synthesizing section by low-pressure synthesizing. The pre-processing step is conducted at lower than 40 degrees C. The pre-processed calcium carbide tail gas is compressed to 2-2.1 MPa. The oxygen is removed by pre-heating the gas or directly mixing the gas with the over-heated vapor. The mixed gas is at 210-215 degrees C, and is processed from hydrogenation deoxidation reaction. The methyl alcohol synthesizing pressure is 5.0-5.5 MPa. The alcohol is gathered with the nitrogen gas to be compressed to 15-22 MPa. The alcohol is refined by heating the gas after exchanging heat to enter the high-pressure alkylation tower for reacting, where the reacted gas exits high-pressure alkylation tower after separating the methyl alcohol. The reaction temperature of high-pressure alkylation tower is 210-240 degrees C. The high-pressure alkylation tower is at 250-280 degrees C. The ammonia synthesizing pressure is 15-22 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sealing warehouse is a heat preserving warehouse with a large heating bag. The conveyer between the airflow crusher and the sealing warehouse is an ordinary belt conveyer. The pipeline between the boiler and the sealing warehouse is a high temperature resistant pipeline. The pipeline between the heat exchanger and the sealing warehouse is an ordinary pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole average carbon number of (C) is 13-15.5. EXAMPLE - Titanium trichloride (0.15 g) was introduced into a flask. Diethyl aluminum chloride/n-heptane solution (7.5 ml) was introduced to the flask using a syringe, and the flask was heated up to 90 degrees C. Mixture (10 g) of 1-decene (1 g) and 1 -tetradecene (9 g) was dripped, and then a polymerization reaction was performed for 1.5 hours at 90 degrees C. After the elapse of 1.5 hours, 2-methyl-1-propanol (15 ml) was dropped gradually, the catalyst was deactivated, and polymerization was stopped. The reaction liquid was transferred to a separating funnel, warm water (150 ml) was added and shaken and then left to stand, and purified to give flow improver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shaft end of the roller wheel is fixedly connected to the lifting cover of the roller wheel, and the drive gear of the roller wheel is fixedly connected to the lifting cover rotary pedestal of the roller wheel. The lifting cover rotary pedestal of the roller wheel is internally provided with a pressure spring, and the upper end surface of the pressure spring is in contact with the lifting cover of the roller wheel, and the drive gear of the roller wheel is meshed with the intermediate wheel. The intermediate wheel is meshed with the drive gear fixedly connected with a secondary shaft, and the driven gear fixedly connected to the secondary shaft is meshed with the drive gear fixedly connected to the drive shaft. The discharging opening of the stirrer body is sleeved with a material splashing nozzle, and the material splashing nozzle is fixedly connected with the lifting cover rotary pedestal of the roller wheel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The heat-processing tank heats the methane-fermentation liquid such that the liquid coming out of the tank is at 70 degrees C or more. Preferred Arrangement: A heat exchanger (4) is provided for heat-exchanging between the methane fermentation liquid and mother medium, at the downstream of heat-processing tank. A temperature-increase maintenance unit (2) is provided for heating or maintaining the temperature in the methane fermentation tank, and other heat-exchange medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The walls of each composting line comprise precast concrete parts (10, 11), in which the cable channels are arranged. The cable channels are produced using pipeline parts, which are used in the precast concrete parts. The cable channels comprise of degassing openings leading from the interior of the composting line. The degassing openings are formed on the precast concrete parts. The cable channels comprise of outlet openings, which are located in the upper frontal surface of the walls. The outlet openings are formed on the precast concrete parts. The walls comprise guide rails formed at their upper frontal surfaces. The guide rails are formed by at least one profiling, which is located in the frontal surfaces. The walls comprise of at least one casing filled with a cast-in-place concrete. The cable channels are produced using pipeline parts, which are embedded in the cast-in-place concrete. The cast-in-place concrete and the precast concrete parts are together poured over a suspension. The pipeline parts used in the precast concrete parts and the pipeline parts used in the cast-in-place concrete are connected together via a plug connection. The precast concrete parts leading into the cast-in-place concrete comprise filler shafts and/or compression shafts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises first, second and third heat exchangers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The surplus sludge is heated by emitting biogas from heat source of methane fermentation tank, and mixed using remaining heat. The first precipitated sludge is mixed with the surplus sludge directly or indirectly.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reactor is a rotating high-gravity reactor and the porous filler layer is fixed onto the rotor of the rotating high-gravity reactor. The resin catalyst is further fixed onto the rotor of the rotating high-gravity reactor. The resin catalyst is loaded into the reactor. In the process, the reaction temperature is 10 degrees C-100 degrees C (preferably 10 degrees C-60 degrees C), pressure is -0.05-1.0 MPa (preferably -0.05-0.8 MPa), the molar ratio of 1-4C alkanol to nitrogen oxide is 1-50:1 (preferably 1-20:1) and the molar ratio of nitrogen oxide to oxygen is 4-20:1 (preferably 4-10:1). Preferred Components: The resin catalyst is an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst. The rotor in the rotating high-gravity reactor has a rotating speed of 100-5000 (preferably 300-3000) revolutions per minute. The molar number of NO in the nitrogen oxide is greater than that of NO2, if any in the nitrogen oxide. The porous filler layer comprises an inert filler web, a porous web, a stent and a porous plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1-4C alkanol is methanol, ethanol (both preferred) and n-propanol. EXAMPLE - Nitrogen oxide, oxygen and methanol were fed into the reactor. Nitrogen oxide was the mixture of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in a molar ratio of 2:1 and the molar ratio of nitric oxide to oxygen was 10:1. Under the conditions including a reaction temperature of 40 degrees C, a reaction pressure of 0.2 MPa, a methanol/nitric oxide molar ratio of 1.5:1 and a rotating speed of the rotor in the rotating high-gravity reactor of 1000 revolutions per minute, the raw materials were contacted and reacted in the rotating high gravity reactor to give methyl nitrite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst includes at least one of iron, zinc and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is located in a vehicle. At least a portion of the internal combustion engine is made from a ceramic material. The output of the catalytic converter is configured to provide at least a portion of the H2 produced to the combustion chamber to the source of H2 gas. At least a portion of the internal combustion engine is made from a ceramic material. At least a portion of the steam includes steam received from the combustion chamber. The source of steam includes steam entering the catalytic converter section from an inlet port in the exhaust duct after passing through a steam turbine. The exhaust duct further includes a boiler section that receives water from an external source, the water being converted to steam in the boiler section and the water is converted to steam in the boiler section by waste heat in the exhaust duct resulting from an ignition of the fuel gas mixture in the combustion chamber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The portion of the H2 produced is provided to the combustion chamber to form the fuel gas mixture. At least a portion of the steam created by exposing water to the heat of combustion byproduct is used to drive a steam turbine. The steam exposed to the heated catalyst includes steam produced as a byproduct of the igniting step. At least a portion of the steam created is used to drive a steam turbine. The steam exiting the steam turbine is provided to the exhaust duct, via the inlet ports, for reaction with the catalyst. The water is used as part of a cooling process and the steam exposed to the heated catalyst includes steam produced as a byproduct of the cooling process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additional minerals introduced to the granulation are nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The adsorbing material is chemically modified zeolites, chemically modified clays, chemically modified mesoporous materials, and/or ion exchange resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material is at least one material chosen from zeolite, silica, titania, zirconia, iron, copper, nickel, chromium, aluminum and zinc. The base material comprises several layers. The several layer comprises surface layer which is located on a side where carbon nanotubes are grown is formed of zeolite, and layer which is located inside of the surface layer is formed of at least one material chosen from silica, titania, zirconia, aluminum, zinc, iron, nickel and copper. Preferred Method: The assembly of the carbon nanotubes and the polymer electrolyte membrane is immersed in an acid solution after the step (d). The method further involves loading electrode catalysts on the grown carbon nanotubes and coating an ionomer onto the carbon nanotubes on which the electrode catalysts are loaded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The step of (F11) and/or (F13) comprise (F15) providing the combustible mixture and/or the synthesis gaseous fuel to a cogenerating system for producing electric energy or thermal energy. Preferred Components: The solid urban wastes RSU (R1) are as such without differences. The system comprises cogenerating means adapted to produce electric energy or thermal energy from the combustible mixture produced by the thermocatalytic system and/or the synthesis gaseous fuel (syngas) produced by the gasifying system. The means for humid separating are at least one idropulper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, where the fermentation is performed by utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis or genetically modified strain of Zymomonas mobilis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal sulfide is molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. The amorphous transition metal sulfide films or solids are further doped with at least one metal comprising of manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium or yttrium. The electrode substrate is any conducting or semi-conducting substrate comprising glassy carbon disc, reticulated vitreous carbon foam, fluorine-tin-oxide coated glass, indium tin oxide, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, carbon clothes, graphene, silicon, copper oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium metal, or boron-doped diamond. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The blasting process is carried out at 210-225 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The gasket used for sealing burner and flange is made of material selected from carbon, carbon steel, iron alloy, aluminum and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth-element oxide is oxide of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and/or cerium, preferably cerium. The alkaline-earth element oxide is oxide of magnesium, calcium, strontium and/or barium, preferably strontium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The fuel cell system further has a burner (10) for heating modification portion in hydrogen production apparatus. The gas containing hydrogen in downstream rather than reaction portion is anode off gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare earth element oxide is oxide of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, preferably cerium. The alkaline earth metal oxide is oxide of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, preferably strontium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reducing process is performed using catalyst containing group III-XII elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The first water treating medium is paved around the water distribution opening tube. The second water treating medium is paved on the crude sand medium layer and mixed with the crude sand layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition is amorphous. The composition comprises micropores, and further comprises macropores. The composition comprises the reaction product of a condensation reaction involving an organic solvent, a ditopic unit, and a tri-topic unit. The composition comprises a porosity and surface area that is determined by the starting concentration of the ditopic unit, and/or tritopic unit, in the solvent, where the surface area is 100-850 m2/g, and pore volume of 0.3-0.7 cm3g-1. The composition is a monolithic structure, where the monolithic structure is mechanically stable to processes involving solvent exchange and solvent removal. The composition is at least one of a film or a membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The ditopic unit is a diaminobenzidine. The tri-topic unit is hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The microorganism is prepared by conjugal transfer from donor microorganism to recipient microorganism. The method involves (a) producing Rhodococcus as recipient microorganism from donor microorganism in which growth inhibition marker is strengthened, (b) producing microorganism transformed with a plasmid for genetic modification, where the plasmid comprises (i) base sequence region in which the resistant gene is deleted or inactivated in base sequence containing target drug resistance gene in recipient microorganism and base sequence of its periphery, (ii) conjugal transfer start region which functions in the donor microorganism, (iii) replication initiation region which functions in the donor microorganism, (iv) growth inhibition marker present in recipient microorganism, and (v) conditional lethality gene with respect to the recipient microorganism, (c) producing the transformant of the recipient microorganism by performing conjugal transfer to the recipient microorganism from the donor microorganism, and (d) culturing the obtained transformant under culture conditions suitable for functioning the conditional lethality gene. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganisms are Rhodococcus genus bacteria. The microorganism is obtained by deleting or inactivating high molecular weight nitrile hydratase gene and/or a low molecular-weight nitrile hydratase gene. The donor microorganism is Escherichia coli. The donor microorganism has sensitivity to at least 1 sort(s) chosen from chloramphenicol, ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, carbenicillin, and nalidixic acid, preferably kanamycin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent solution comprises 10-80 wt.% of amines including monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropylamine, diglycolamine, piperazine, N(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing method for degumming fungus, nutritious fungus and decoloring fungus comprises inclined surface culturing-seed, culturing-expanding, culturing-collecting, and preparing thallus into bacteria liquid for future use; and mixing obtained fungus liquid based on requirement on volume ratios of degumming fungus, nutritious fungus, and decoloring fungus. The oxygen aeration is started once fermenting is started for 12-24 hours. Preferred Component: The used fungus comprises (%) degumming fungus liquid (35-40), and nutritious fungus liquid (20-25) when herbal raw material is banana cauloid. It also comprises degumming fungus liquid (30-55) and nutritious fungus liquid (15-35) when herbal raw material is sisal hemp dreg. It further comprises degumming fungus liquid (25-35) and nutritious fungus liquid (15-35) when herbal raw material is Chinese alpine rush; and degumming fungus liquid (30-40) and nutritious fungus liquid (15-40) when herbal raw material is Chinese Pennisetum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier can be zeolite and/or medical stone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier is wheat bran, straw powder, and/or roasted shell powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass waste is artificial waste and forestry wastes of plant straws, rice shells, bamboos, tree branches, bush branches, sawdust, chaff and/or chaff residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sludge carbon fertilizer is manufactured using combustion gas and tail gas. The combustion gas is methane, hydrogen and carbon monooxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic sludge is organic dry material. The content of organic dry sludge is 20-85 %mass. The organic sludge is domestic sludge and papermaking sludge. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of sugar mud and excrement is 4-8:1-3. The purified biological organic fertilizer further comprises humus and/or ardealite. The mixing ratio of sugar mud, excrement, humus and ardealite is 4-8:1-3:1-2:0.2-1. The maturing step is done by adding an agent at 2-15 wt.% of the quantity of sugar mud and excrement, and a waste mash (0.05-1.5 times agent quantity). The fermentation is done for 1-5 times. The excrement is chicken excrement, sheep excrement, cow excrement, pig excrement, duck excrement or human excrement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fungicide comprises (in parts weight): P.ochrochloron Y5 strain (1) and additive (3-12, preferably 4). The additive is turf, kieselguhr or light calcium carbonate. The fungicide further comprises magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium molybdate hydrate tetrahydrate, boric acid and/or cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fungicide comprises (in parts weight): B.licheniformis strain CH15 (1) and additive (3-12), preferably (4). The fungicide further comprises manganese sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, ammonium heptamolybdate, boric acid and/or cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate. Preferred Component: The additive is turf, kieselguhr or light calcium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The colony count of three strains is 2.44x 109-2.47x 109/ml, and the optical density ((OD)600) value of the B. subtilis is 0.567 and the optical density ((OD)600) value of the saccharomycetes is 0.545. The dosage of the preparation is 10 ml and the preparation is added for 2-3 times as required.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis pre-treatment condition of diluted sulfuric acid is carried out at 95-115 degrees C for 20-60 minutes, mass fraction of diluted sulfuric acid of 0.5-1.5%, volume mass ratio of diluted sulfuric acid and recyclable waste paper fiber of 8-16 ml/g, and waste paper fiber particle diameter of 0.35-1 mm. The pH is adjusted by 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid solution or 1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The starch ethanol waste solution is liquid supernatant obtained by centrifugal treatment of residual solution from distillation of alcohol krausen. The flocculating agent is polymerized aluminum chloride or other flocculating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass consists of corn cob, corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse; and the cellulose degradation enzyme consists of Richter scale Trichoderma, green Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and/or Trichoderma koningii. Preferred Method: In step (2), the concentration of the residue (II) in the culture medium is 100-300 g/L; and the use amount of the cellulose degradation enzyme is 4-10 FPU/g of the residue (II). In step (3), the inoculation amount of the condensed Bacillus is 5-15 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline liquid is an aqueous solution of alkali consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and/or ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A decarburization tower is connected in series between the desulfurization tower and the composition tower. The wind power coal natural gas system further comprises a space dividing device. A deforming device is connected in series between the heat exchanger and the desulfurization tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The toilet room wall on the ground is fixedly provided with a biochemical filling box. A lower end exit penetrates the ground face of the toilet room to be arranged upon the biochemical reactor, and is provided with a powder filling device. The biochemical reactor is box-shaped and is provided with an opening. A lower part of the biochemical reactor is provided with a walking wheel. An inner part is provided with a stirring device comprising a motor. A hollow pipe at the separation layer in the inner bottom part is provided with a heating device, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor. The lower side part is provided with a biochemical reactor discharging port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The steam explosion pretreatment condition is: steam pressure is 1-2 MPa and the retention time is 30-900 seconds. The weight ratio of food waste to sludge is 1:0.1-0.5. The fermentation slag at the bottom of the reactor is placed into the top of the reactor with 5-30% of the steam explosion food waste feeding ratio to inoculate the entered steam explosion food waste. The circulating air is once in each 1-12 hours, each time is 1-5 minutes, and the gas flow rate is 0.1-1 m3/m3 material/minute. The temperature of the material in the reactor is 34-37 degrees C or 54-65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreatment step comprises dilute acid pretreatment, alkali treatment, high-pressure hot water pretreatment and/or organic solvent pretreatment, at 60-220 degrees C for 30-180 minutes. The fermenting step to produce ethanol using the cellulose solid involves fractional mashing fermentation or synchronous mashing fermentation. The hydrolysate containing sugar is decolorized and neutralized by firstly removing partial lignocellulose catabolite in the hydrolysate containing sugar by foam separation, condensing residual liquid and regulating pH value to 1-3, filtering insoluble solid, and adsorbing with activated carbon for decolorizing, and regulating pH value after filtering the activated carbon to 6-7. The fermentation of microbial oil involves batch type nitrogen-limited cultivation or batch type feeding cultivation. The batch type feeding cultivation comprises performing mycelium biomass accumulation and performing nitrogen-limited cultivation by adding excess hydrolysate containing sugar, where ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the nitrogen-limited cultivation is 50:1-400:1. The extraction of oil from mycelium is conducted by acid heating method, solvent method and/or extruding method. The hydrolysis of mycelium is conducted by one or more of hot acid hydrolysis, hot alkaline hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis and/or hydropyrolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tank body of a fermentation machine is a vertical cone-shaped tank body. The upper part of the vertical cone-shaped fermentation tank is in the shape of a cylinder, while the lower part is cone shaped. A control cabinet is arranged on the support. The control cabinet comprises a time switch controlling the running of the machine, an overload protective device, a heat insulation automatic control system and an oxygen supply automatic control system. The feed system comprises a fermentation new material preparation stand (1), a fermentation new material blending part (2) and a material lift (3). A material box is arranged at the bottom of the material elevator. Two feed inlets are arranged at the material box, where one feed inlet is a circulation material inlet connected to the outlet of material during fermentation, and another feed inlet is a new material inlet connected to fermentation new material blending part. A top discharge outlet of the material lift is connected with the feed inlet. The discharge system comprises a material transport lorry arranged under the outlet of materials after fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Acid refining comprises pumping the dirty oil to array pipe type heat exchanger through an oil conveying pump, preheating the oil to 65-70 degrees C, adding acid in the mixing tank, adding 0.2-0.5% phosphoric acid, mixing, and naturally cooling to lesser than 40 degrees C. Hydrating comprises adding 3-5 mass % sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 8-9 Baume degrees in the mixing tank, adjusting the pH to 7-8, and mixing to react for 25-35 minutes to fully hydrate the gum. Separating comprises discharging the impurity on the lower layer of the mixed oil material, and dewatering the oil grease on the upper layer through a film evaporator to water content lower than 1% to obtain the standard crude oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent contains (wt.%) natural oil (70-99), cosolvent (0.1-10), and antifreeze agent (0-10). The natural oil is fatty acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, and/or plant oil including pine oil, soybean oil, colza oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil and castor oil. The cosolvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone or mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl carbonate. The antifreeze agent is n-butanol, glycol, propanediol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and/or sorbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves extracting liquid from the piles, roots and branches of conifer plants under heating condition, obtaining initial extract under predetermined condition, heating and cracking the initial extract to obtain the auxiliary material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The lycoperdaceae medicine is puffball. The extraction buffer solution is 5 times of the weight of the medicine powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline additive comprises (wt.%): methanol (50), No. 90 gasoline (46) and additive (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel is prepared by using soyabean oil, peanut oil, colza oil, palm oil or swill-cooked dirty oil. The liquid is added to mixed solution in the step 2 slowly by stirring at constant speed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mycelium pellet is cultured in the flat plate culture medium at 28 degrees C for 4 days, and inoculated in the liquid culture medium, and cultured at 28 degrees C and 160 rpm for 5 days. The flat plate culture medium (having neutral pH) comprises (in g/l): potato (200), glucose (20), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (3), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) (1.5), vitamin B1 (1 mg) and agar agar (15). The liquid culture medium (pH 4.8) comprises potato (200), glucose (20), KH2PO4 (3), MgSO4.7H2O (1.5), vitamin B1 (1 mg), yeast extract (5), microelement solution (70 ml) and water. The microelement solution is a aqueous solution with comprising manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4.H2O) (0.5), sodium chloride (NaCl) (1), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) (0.1), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) (0.1), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) (0.1), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) (0.1), potash alum (0.01), boric acid (H3BO3) (0.01), and sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4.2H2O) (0.01). The optimal pH of the mixed solution of dingo solution is 5, and jean printing wastewater is 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride is carried out by adding L-tryptophan into a mixed solution of methanol (50 ml) and thionyl chloride (3.27 ml) for reacting, where the mixed solution is added into every 6.12 g of L-tryptophan. The process of removing hydrochloric acid under alkaline conditions comprises removing hydrochloric acid in triethylamine. The preparation of N-substituted L-tryptophan methyl ester comprises: (i) adding absolute methyl alcohol (50 ml) into a flask, placing in an ice salt bath at below 0 degrees C and stirring, adding thionyl chloride (3.27 ml) drop wise at a speed of 15 drops/minute after methanol is completely cooled, continuously stirring for 30 minutes, heating up to room temperature and continuously stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a solution A; and (ii) adding L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (2.03 g) into the flask, adding absolute methanol (20 ml), stirring and dissolving, adding triethylamine (0.8 g) in the ice salt bath and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a colorless solution, adding aromatic aldehyde (8 mmol) drop wise under the nitrogen gas atmosphere, reacting below 0 degrees C for 3 hours, adding sodium borohydride (0.363 g) in a batch wise manner, continuously stirring for 1 hour, adding water to decompose the excess sodium borohydride, extracting with dichloromethane, evaporating the organic phase by distillation, re-crystallizing the residues by a mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol to obtain a colorless needle-shaped crystal product, where the volume ratio of chloroform to methanol is (8:1)-(2:1). Preferred Components: The aromatic aldehydes are all aromatic aldehydes containing alpha and beta unsaturated hydrogen structure e.g. benzaldehyde, anisic aldehyde, vanillic aldehyde, salicylaldehyde, furfuraldehyde and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The Voacanga seed is crushed to 20-40 (preferably 25-35) meshes. The pH of the extract is adjusted to 9 with alkaline solution. The extracting temperature is 80 degrees C. The method further comprises adding 4 times of weight of the precipitate to precipitate and stirring mixture to suspension, extracting suspension with organic solvent with suspension for 3 times to obtain extracts, mixing extracts of 3 times and concentrating mixture. Preferred Components: The acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution, and alkaline solution is 20-30% sodium carbonate solution. The mass percent of acid water is 3%, and the extraction is carried out by stirring mixture for 3 times under constant temperature; the acid water is 3 times of the mass of the Voacanga seed; and the extracts of 3 times are mixed and adjusting base and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass in the fluidized bed reactor is maintained at the temperature of 230-350 degrees C. The fluidized bed is maintained at a fluidized bed density of 20-50 pounds per cubic foot. The biomass has a residence time in the reactor of 2-5 minutes. The process further comprises: heating the air prior to the time it is fed into the fluidized bed reactor using heat recovered from heated gas taken from the fluidized bed reactor; feeding the dried biomass into a cooler where it is cooled to a temperature near 100 degrees C and adding no more than 3% moisture to the dried biomass. The cooler employs at least one of a mixing screw conveyor, hollow flight screw conveyor, a rotary drum and a rotary tube. The cooler comprises at least one water spray and at least one temperature sensor to allow water to be applied to the biomass for at least one of progressively lowering the temperature of the biomass to less 100 degrees C and adding up to 3% moisture to the biomass. The step of application of water is continuous or intermittent. The reactor comprises at least one water spray to aid in the control of reactor temperature. The process of drying a material further comprises: adding fresh air to the fluidized bed reactor to adjust the oxygen content of the gasses within the fluidized bed reactor; and directing heated air to the fluidized bed reactor with a startup heater. The fluidized bed reactor has an aspect ratio is no greater than 2. Preferred Components: The biomass charged to the fluidized bed reactor has a minimum dimension of 3-10 mm. The biomass charged to the fluidized bed reactor is wood, plant material or agricultural waste. The material is at least one of biomass and coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction solvent is a liquid mixture containing organic solvent and aqueous medium (35 vol.% or less). The biomass is dispersed in the liquid mixture. The aqueous medium is added in the middle of the reaction, and organic solvent is added at the time of starting the reaction. The enzyme is an immobilized enzyme. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Solid biomass is cellulose waste material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pressure filter comprises pause portion comprising microwave transmittance material for penetrating microalgae and dividing into a predetermined dimension. The system further comprises condenser for recovering and condensing vaporized extract of microalgae obtained from microwave heating of water removing unit. The system further comprises first separation tank for separating useful substances from condensed extract fraction. The system further comprises second separation tank for recovering filtrates obtained from microalgae by pressure filtration using the water removing unit, where the second separation tank isolates the useful substances from microalgae. The system further comprises carbonization unit for carbonizing the solidified material of microalgae obtained by dehydration process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The xylan containing biomass is hydrothermally treated at 180-300 degrees C under high pressure using hot water to obtain hydrothermally treated liquid. The method involves adjusting pH of the saccharification fermented liquor to 1-5. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is chosen from Saccharomyces and Candida. Preferred Component: The accurate membrane filter has mean pore diameter of 0.4 mu m or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: A regenerator for organophosphate ester is provided. A desulfurizer is provided more upstream than the processing container or at the latter stage of the regenerator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organophosphate ester is tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, tris(2-chloro-isopropyl)phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and/or tricresyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The methane fermentation is performed when the solubilized processed material, dilution medium and methane fermentation sludge or its liquid fraction are discharged continuously or sequentially.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antifoamer is oil or surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The volume-reduction device is a flat die type granulator having disc-shaped dies having a rotating shaft facing the orthogonal direction, and through-holes for molding, and a pressure roller arranged at the center portion of the die. The raw fuel is closely packed during conveyance. The granulated raw fuel has a diameter of 4-30 mm, a length of 5-70 mm, a moisture content of 5-40%, and a heat-emitting amount of 2000 kcal/kg or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid acid catalyst is obtained by bonding and molding through a binder. Preferred Composition: The molded product contains lubricating agent or filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material of ester is aliphatic carboxylic acid glyceride. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The substrate to achieve the status of the air permeability prior to stripping is mixed with a suitable support material, where the support material is dried components of sewage sludge or digestate. Exhaust air from a drying plant is used as stripping medium for stripping. In the drying plant, digestate, sewage sludge, or their parts or components are dried. The exhaust air of the drying plant to be used as the stripping medium of fresh air (12) or gases is mixed from other processes. The stripping medium is heated before entering into the stripping plant. Volatile substances, preferably ammonia, are expelled from the substrate by the stripping. The composition of the substrate is specifically changed by addition of additives, preferably acids or bases, to achieve determined end product properties. The expelled substances of the substrate are completely or partially removed in an exhaust treatment from the exhaust stream of stripping. The stripping of the substrate takes place with a ventilated band appliance with one or more continuously conveying, air-permeable belts. Preferred Components: The device is a band dryer with one or more continuously conveying, air-permeable drying belts. A standard transport container forms an integral part of the design of the stripping plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The feedstock comprises solely microalgae. The feedstock comprises 2-60 (preferably 5-40) wt.% of biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixture is subjected to a solvent extraction step to separate the organic phase from the aqueous phase. The mixture is subjected to a sequence of solvent/aqueous extraction steps with sequential changes of pH to separate the classes of organic compounds. The organic extracts are distilled, firstly to recover the extraction solvent and then to separate the resulting organic mixture into the purer organic chemical products. The aqueous slurry is heated at 374-450 degrees C, preferably 330-374 degrees C, for a time period of 5 minutes to 12 hours, preferably 5-60 minutes. Preferred Components: The organic chemical product comprises carboxylic acids comprising acetic, propionic, octanoic, dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, methylated butyric and valeric acids, lipid acids comprising palmitic and oleic acids, phenol and cresol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing one or more organic chemical products, the mixture is subjected to a solvent extraction step to separate the organic phase from the aqueous phase. The mixture is subjected to a sequence of solvent/ aqueous extraction steps with sequential changes of pH to separate the classes of organic compounds. Organic extracts are distilled, firstly to recover the extraction solvent and then to separate the resulting organic mixture into one or more purer organic chemical products. The aqueous slurry is heated at a temperature of about 330 degrees C to about 374 degrees C; or the aqueous slurry is heated at a temperature of about 374 degrees C to about 450 degrees C. It is heated for a time period of about 5 minutes to about 12 hours; or heated for a time period of about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes. The feedstock comprises solely microalgae. The biomass comprises about 2% to about 80% dry weight equivalent of feedstock; the biomass comprises about 10% to about 30% dry weight equivalent of feedstock; or the biomass comprises about 5% to about 40% dry weight equivalent of feedstock. Preferred Product: The organic chemical product is selected from carboxylic acids such as acetic, propionic, octanoic, dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, methylated butyric and valeric acids; lipid acids such as palmitic and oleic acids; phenol and cresol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - A portion of corn was milled. The dry matter content of the milled product was measured gravimetrically to 88 wt.%. A mash containing 30% dry matter was made using milled corn (681.8 g) and city water (1318.2 g). Termamyl SC-L (RTM: alpha -amylase) (0.11 g) was added in a dosage that was equivalent to 20 Kilo Novo alpha -amylase unit (KNU)/kg milled corn. The mash was heated from 55-90 degrees C during 60 minutes under stirring and then cooled to 32 degrees C and divided in 240 g portions for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation trials that were carried in a cap flask. After the liquefaction of the corn mash using Termamyl SC-L the enzyme classes and products containing spirozyme (RTM: glucoamylase) (0.1%), cellucast (RTM: cellulases) (1.5 l) and ultraflo L (RTM: ferulic acid esterase and beta -glucanase with xylanases activity) (0.5%) were used. After 30 minutes conditioning with the enzymes, fresh Baker's yeast (0.20 g) was added to each flask. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation trials were carried out. The fermentation time was 67 hours and at the end of the fermentation period all samples were analyzed for content of ethanol and residual soluble sugars. The average yield of the oil was 80.1% and the extra yield was 35%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc halide is selected from zinc chloride and zinc bromide. The nitrite source is sodium nitrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, zinc chloride is used. The amount of the solvent applied is 0.5-3 (preferably 1-1.5) ml/g of the nitrile (III). The reaction temperature is selected from 100-140 (preferably 115-130) degrees C. When the hydrolysis is performed using strong alkali metal hydroxides at 20-50 degrees C, the excess azide is decomposed at a pH value lower than 2 and in the presence of a nitrite source, where after hydrolysis and decomposing of excess azide, valsartan is precipitated and the precipitate is treated with an organic solvent, particularly ethyl acetate, and water at a pH of below 2, and valsartan is recovered from the organic phase. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Cardiant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Angiotensin II antagonist. No biological data given.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Preparation of 2 compounds i.e. methyl valsartan of formula (I') and benzyl valsartan is specified as the valsartan precursor.    EXAMPLE - To (S)-methyl 2-(N-((2'-cyano-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoate (6.91 g) in the form of colorless oil, sodium azide (4.71 g), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (3.66 g) and diglyme (7 ml) were added. The mixture was heated for 26 hours at 120 degrees C. The reaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate (65 ml) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (20 ml) and evaporated. To the residue of 3M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (40 ml) were added and the mixture was heated at 40 degrees C for 4 hours. The mixture was then cooled and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 1.5-2. After that ethyl acetate (50 ml) were added and the phases were stirred for 5 minutes. After work up, crude valsartan (5.7g, 87%) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The perforated plate is provided with multiple small holes. The diameter of the small hole is smaller than the desulfurization agent in the desulfurization chamber. The height of the air outlet is higher than the perforated plate on the upper part of the desulfurization chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Bacillus is B.thuringiensis strain HS-25 (FERMAP-21940) or HS-41 (FERM AP-21941). Preferred Method: The method involves adding mixture of 2 or more types of Bacillus microorganisms to the wastewater composition (C1) or (C2) in a purification tank without heat regulation installation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The pressurized nitrogen gas of the step (C), and the first piston-cylinder gas compressor is adapted to pressurize nitrogen gas, to a pressure of 60-70 psi. The pressurized hydrogen gas of the step (D), and the second piston-cylinder gas compressor is adapted to pressurize hydrogen gas, to a pressure of 30-40 psi. In the step (E) and for the third piston-cylinder gas compressor, the mixture of the pressurized nitrogen and hydrogen gases is compressed to a pressure up to about 2800 psi; the pressurized nitrogen and hydrogen gases are reacted at 450-500 degrees C and pressure of 2000-3000 psi; or the pressurized nitrogen and hydrogen gases are reacted at above 500 degrees C and a pressure of above 2000 psi. The volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the mixture of the pressurized nitrogen and hydrogen gases is 3:1. Preferred System: The system comprises a bed containing the catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from ruthenium, carbon steel, iron, titanium, stelite, and/or platinum (preferably ruthenium, iron, and/or titanium). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline inorganic aggregating agent is sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, Portland cement, or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cationic polymer aggregating agent is a homopolymer of a cationic monomer, a copolymer of a cationic monomer and a nonionic monomer, condensed polyamine, polyvinylamine, polyvinylamidine, polyvinylamidine, poly(meth)allylamine, dicyandiamide-formalin condensate, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylimidaline, polyvinylpyridine, a diallylamine salt-sulfur dioxide copolymer, a poly(dimethyl-diallylammonium salt)-sulfur dioxide copolymer, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium salt), a poly(dimethyldiallylammonium salt)-acrylamide copolymer and/or an allylamine salt polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The crop straw after cutting and shearing, and the poultry and animal feces are mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1-3:2. The pH value in step (i) or (ii) is adjusted to 7.5 with acetic acid or lime water. The vaccinating amount of activated sludge is 0.2 wt.% of the mixed liquid. The temperature of the hydrolysis fermentation of the mixed liquid in presence of hot air is 55-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation system uses injection clean water of oil field for preparing culture medium for fermentation; and uses oil field exploiting liquid for adjusting and controlling the temperature. The fermentation liquid is used for generating rhamnolipid; and the fermentation bacterial strain is Pseudomonas aeruginosa DG30. Fermentation comprises injecting agar-based culture medium inoculated with P. aeruginosa DG30 in the fermentation pot of fermentation system; blending the fermentation liquid with gas, where temperature of fermentation liquid is controlled at 33-35 degrees C, and the fermentation time is 120 hours; stopping fermentation; separating solid from liquid; directly mixing fermentation liquid with injection clean water at 1:10-100 ratio and injecting the mixture to the pipe network; adding the fermentation liquid continuously for the next fermentation; and operating circularly, where the generated thallus and undissolved substance are discharged from the material outlet at the lower end of the fermentation pot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel comprises (pts. wt.): fuel additive (5-15). The fuel additive is oxidant or anti-explosive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonized biomass coal contains 85-95% coal powder and/or gangue powder. The particle carbon powder is 90%. The content of particle carbon powder and coal powder is 90%. The granularity of the particle carbon powder is 80-100 meshes.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel comprises from natural oils, soybean oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, peanuts oil, palm oil, cotton oil or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH of the alkaline solution-immersed plant biomass is 2.5 or less from pH of plant biomass immersed in water. The method involves adding acid to immersed plant biomass before pretreatment process, and separating solid component asteriskasteriskof the immersed plant biomass. The method involves eluting acid component having buffer action from the immersed plant biomass. The pretreatment process involves treating the processed plant biomass hydrothermally. The saccharification process involves hydrolyzing polysaccharide contained in the plant biomass in the presence of enzyme, preferably cellulase. Preferred Components: The alkaline solution has alkali concentration of 5 mM or less. The immersed plant biomass has pH of 5 or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M1), the amount of total oxygen added to the gasifier in pounds per pound of total carbon added to the gasifier is 0.75 to 3.0. The carbonaceous material comprises (pound per pound on a water free basis) carbon content (0.25 to 1.0); hydrogen content (0.0 to 0.25); oxygen content (0.0 to 0.5). The gasifier produces ash comprising ash-carbon (less than about 5%). The method further involves treating the product gas at 1750 to 3500 degrees F in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce a raw syngas comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and syngas-carbon. The raw-syngas comprises syngas-carbon (less than about 0.5 pound per 1000 SCF raw-syngas produced). The carbon to hydrogen mass ratio in the carbonaceous material is 1 to 20. The carbon to oxygen mass ratio in the carbonaceous material is 1 to 200. In method (M2), the amount of total oxygen added into the first reaction zone of the gasifier in pounds per pound of total carbon added to the gasifier is 1.25 to 3.5. The first reaction zone temperature is 650-1450 degrees F. The second reaction zone temperature is 1750-3500 degrees F. The method further involves adding methane-containing gas in the first reaction zone of the gasifier; subjecting the raw syngas to cooling and cleaning up to produce a clean syngas; contacting the clean syngas with a biocatalyst in a fermentation container to produce an alcohol product mixture. Preferred Components: The methane-containing gas comprises at least one gas selected from: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, landfill gas, biogas, digester gas or natural gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strains are selected for enhanced growth on medium comprising at least 15% glycol (preferably 15-30%); or 15% deicing fluid containing inhibitors. The strains are further selected for an enhanced ability to degrade a glycol at 5 degrees C or 30-45 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) further comprises one or more of amino acids, B complex, or minerals from soluble seaweed. Preferred Method: The method further comprises contacting the sample with one or more of amino acids, B complex, or minerals from soluble seaweed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The high pressure is at least 74 bar, or 150-225 bar, preferably 190-210 bar. The temperature is 155-200 degrees C, preferably 160-170 degrees C. The time is 60 minutes. The method further involves subjecting the pretreated biomass material to enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides into ethanol, liquid alkane biofuel or commodity chemical. The enzymatic hydrolysis results in a sugar yield of at least 50%. The pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis are conducted in a reactor in a continuous processing manner. The enzymatic hydrolysis results in a furfural yield of 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, more preferably 5% or less. The method is performed as a two-stage temperature process, where an initial short high-temperature is 200 degrees C for 20 minutes, and a subsequent longer low-temperature is 140-190 degrees C for 10-120 minutes. The initial short high-temperature is 210 degrees C. The longer low-temperature is 140-180 degrees C for 30-120 minutes. The biphasic mixture is obtained by mixing the biomass material with water to obtain slurry having moisture content of 10-85%, preferably 80%, more preferably 60%, and providing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide to the slurry in a closed reactor. The slurry has solid content of at least 20 wt.%, preferably 40 wt.%. The biphasic mixture is obtained by injecting mixture of water and carbon dioxide into reactor containing the biomass material, where the biomass before is contacted with the mixture of carbon dioxide and water, has moisture content of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, or 60% or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Bacillus midousuji. Preferred Component: The cell substance of microorganism contains pellicle of B.midousuji.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves decomposing the extracted dioxins. The method involves adding acid to silt before preparation of water slurry, and removing glass component from the silt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves contacting first nickel containing metal and second nickel containing metal differing in composition with metal hydroxide, contacting obtained product with water and supplying electron to the obtained product. The method involves forming passivity film on surface of first nickel containing metal and second nickel containing metal respectively. The method involves mutually contacting first nickel containing metal and the second nickel containing metal in metal hydroxide. Preferred Components: The first nickel containing metal is nickel, and second nickel containing metal is nickel chromium alloy. The metal hydroxide is alkali metal hydroxides, preferably sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The desiccation unit may include sintered metal selected from one of bronze, brass and stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel fuel is a mixture of fatty-acid methyl ester (2-50 %mass) and light oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The compound containing carbonyl group is copolymer (a) of formula: H-(-(-CH2-CH2-)p2-(-CH(-OC(=O)Me)-CH2-)q2-)r2-H, copolymer (b) of formula (I), polymer (c) of formula (II), polymer (d) of formula: H-(-CH(-OC(=O)Me)-CH2-)r5-H, copolymer (e) of formula (III), and/or polymer (f) of formula (IV).p2,q2,p3,q3,p6,q6=1-50;r2,r3,r6=1-5000;R4,R6=1-40C hydrocarbyl;R5,R7=methyl or H;r4=2-6000;r5=2-10000;R8=1-40C hydrocarbyl or H;R9=2-300C hydrocarbyl;R10=2-500C hydrocarbyl optionally containing oxygen atom and nitrogen atom;l=1-500;r8=1-1000;A=HO- or HO-R10-O-;andB'=H or -CO-R9H2-COOH. Preferred Definitions:    R1=phenyl or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The polypeptide was isolated from Fusarium equiseti. Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves culturing a fermentation microorganism using the obtained cellulose degradable material as a carbon source. The EXAMPLE - A Fusarium equiseti was shake cultured in a dextrose bacto-peptone yeast (DPY) culture medium obtained by dissolving (in g): carboxymethyl cellulose (1), glucose (1), polypeptone (1), yeast extract (0.5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), and magnesium sulfate (0.05) in distilled water (100 ml), at 120 revolutions per minute and at 30 degrees C for four days. After four days, culture solution was centrifuged. To the obtained supernatant (50 ml), crystalline cellulose (4 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes using a stirrer. After sedimentation of cellulose, supernatant liquid was pipetted out and was washed twice using wash buffer (20 ml) comprising 1 M ammonium sulfate and 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloric acid and having pH 7 and was filled in a syringe containing crystalline cellulose. Sterilized water (30 ml) or 50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane sodium hydroxide having pH 12.5 (30 ml) was used for eluting the supernatant liquid in syringe to obtain extract. The obtained extract was concentrated by ultrafiltration process and the concentrated extract was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing 14% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel and polypeptide bonded with crystlline cellulose having molecular weight 50 kDa was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carboxylic acid or organic amine contains optionally substituted (un)saturated 9C or more aliphatic group. The organic carboxylic acid is of formula: R-(COOH)n (I). The organic amine is a primary amine. The primary amine is of formula: Ar-(L-NH2)m (II).R=optionally substituted 9C or more n valent (un)saturated aliphatic group;n=1 or 2;Ar=optionally substituted aryl of m valent, or optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group;L=optionally substituted alkylene group;andm=1 or 2.Where L is direct bond. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=optionally substituted phenyl or phenylene.    ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Herbicide; Antimicrobial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium compound is bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl. The basic agent is a phosphate or carbonate, preferably tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate. Preferred Process: The coupling occurs in a solvent comprising an alcohol, an ether or an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably the solvent is dioxane; and at a temperature of 60-120 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    R = methyl;    R1 = n-butyl; and    R2 = 4-(3-(di-n-butylamino)-propoxy)-phenyl.    ACTIVITY - Antiarrhythmic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Cesium carbonate (360 mg), methanesulfonamide (79 mg), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (9.5 mg) and 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl (14.5 mg) were introduced in a 20 ml tube previously dried in an oven. The tube was sealed with a septum and an inert argon, and 2-n-butyl-3-(4-(3-(di-n-butylamino)-propoxy)-benzoyl)-5-bromo-benzofuran (300 mg) dissolved in dioxane (2 ml) was added by syringe. The reaction mixture was then stirred and refluxed dioxane for 24 hours to obtain 2-n-butyl-3-(4-(3-(di-n-butylamino)-propoxy)-benzoyl)-5-methanesulfonamidobenzofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium compound is bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl. The basic agent is an alkaline earth metal phosphate or alkaline earth metal carbonate, preferably tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate. Preferred Process: The coupling occurs at a temperature of 60-120 degrees C and in the present of a solvent comprising an alcohol, an ether or an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably the solvent is dioxane. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of N-(2-butyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-methane sulfonamide of formula (Ia) is specifically claimed as (I).    EXAMPLE - Base (2 equivalents), methanesulfonamide (1.5 equivalent), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (2 mole%) and 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1,1'-biphenyl (5 mole%) were introduced in a 20 ml tube previously dried in an oven. The tube was sealed with a septum and an inert argon and 2-nbutyl-5-bromo-benzofuran (1 equivalent) dissolved in 10 volumes of solvent was added by syringe. The reaction mixture was then stirred, and heated at 100 degrees C for 24 hours. At the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and then hot filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated to yield 2-n-butyl-5-methanesulfonamido-benzofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer containing the repeating units (i)-(iii) is derived from olefin of formula: H2C=C(-R4)(-J1-W2-A) (I), diolefin of formula (II) and olefin of formula: H2C=C(-R6)(-J3-W4-Y2-R7) (III), and further has repeating unit of formula (iv). The polymer and the compound (I) are fixed by covalent bond. Preferred Structure: The gas separation membrane further contains porous membrane and separation active membrane provided on the surface of the porous membrane. Preferred Definitions:    A=carboxy, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, hydroxy, -CONHSO2-R11, -SO2NHCOR12 or SO2NHSO2R13;and    R11-R13=substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method (M1) the biomass dispersing device disperses the biomass population by a means including filtration, ultrasonic energy or high shear mixing. Preferred Components: The biomass dispersing system comprises a tank, pipelines, pumps, biomass dispersing device or throttle valves. The biomass dispersing device comprises a filter element contained in a casing. A gap of less than 26-30 mm exists between the casing and the filter element, where the filter element is a wedge wire filter element (preferred), a woven screen element or a perforated sheet element, where the biomass population suspended in the medium is passed across the wedge wire filter element as a feed flow using tangential flow, and exits the filter element as a permeate flow. The wedge wire filter element comprises slit openings of 5-100 micrometers. The rate of flow of the permeate flow is 1-90% of the rate of flow of the feed flow. The biomass population comprises microorganisms which form biofilms or biomass aggregates, Where the microorganisms include Comamonas, Fusibacter, Marinobacterium, Petrotoga, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Thauera, Shewanella, Enterobacter or Microbulbifer, preferably Pseudomonas stutzeri or Shewanella putrefaciens.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The hot alkali treatment in step (i) is performed for 1-2 hours at a pH of 8-12 at 95-105 degrees C..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanogen inhibitor in the step (ii) comprises dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, bromoethane sodium sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The mass ratio of the inhibitor to the sludge dry weight is 0.01:1 to 0.05:1. The lignocellulose raw material in the step (iii) comprises a waste material or wastes of agriculture and forestry. The amount of glucose added in the step (ii) is 20-50 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain can grow by taking benzo(a)pyrene as unique carbon source and energy; where degrading rate on the benzo(a)pyrene (the initial concentration is 40 mg/L) is 27.3%. Optimal inoculating amount of the strain to degrade the benzo(a)pyrene is 0.5-10 (preferably 2-5)%. Optimal dosage amount of the strain to degrade the benzo(a) pyrene is 5ml/50ml-30ml/50ml (5ml/50ml-15ml/50ml). The strain is added with co-metabolism substrate to effectively promote growth of the strain, thus improving the speed of degrading the benzo(a)pyrene; where co-metabolism substrate is sucrose, maltose, glucose, sodium acetate or soluble starch. The strain is added with co-metabolism substrate phenanthrene (0-100, preferably 20-40 mg/L) to improve the speed of degrading the benzo(a)pyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain can grow by taking benzo(a)pyrene as unique carbon source and energy; where degrading rate on the benzo(a)pyrene (the initial concentration is 40 mg/L) is 27.3%. Optimal inoculating amount of the strain to degrade the benzo(a)pyrene is 0.5-10 (preferably 2-5)%. Optimal dosage amount of the strain to degrade the benzo(a)pyrene is 5ml/50ml-30ml/50ml (preferably 5ml/50ml-15ml/50ml). The strain is added with co-metabolism substrate to effectively promote growth of the strain, thus improving the speed of degrading the benzo(a)pyrene; where the co-metabolism substrate is sucrose, maltose, glucose, sodium acetate or soluble starch. The strain is added with co-metabolism substrate phenanthrene (10-100, preferably 20-40 mg/L) to improve the speed of degrading the benzo(a)pyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Recombinant Cell: The host cell comprises a genetic decoration for reducing reduction enzyme activity of non-specific aldose. The host cell comprises one or more genetic decorations selected from (1) increasing xylose transferred to the host cell; (2) improving activity of xylulokinase; (3) increasing flow of pentose phosphate pathway; (4) reducing sensitivity to inhibition of decomposed metabolin; (5) improving tolerance to ethanol, permeability or organic acid; (6) reducing generation of by-product; (7) stopping cell electronic chain transmission and oxidation respiratory chain. The genetic decoration comprises excessive expressed endogenous gene, expressed heterologous gene or their combination; the gene is hexose or pentose transferring protein gene, xylulokinase gene, gene of enzyme coming from pentose phosphate pathway, gene of glycolytic enzyme and/or gene of enzyme related to ethanol fermentation. The host cell expresses one or several enzymes; and the host cell is endowed by the enzyme with ability for producing lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, amino acid, 1,3-propylene glycol, ethane, glycerol, Beta-lactam antibiotics or/and cephalosporin. A culture medium containing xylose raw material and/or glucose raw material is fermented by the host cell; the fermentation product is separated and purified; and the fermentation product is lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, amino acid, 1,3-propylene glycol, ethane, glycerol, Beta-lactam antibiotics or/and cephalosporin. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - The nucleic acid molecule comprises a defined nucleotide sequence of 1320 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1), and encodes xylose isomerase which comprises a defined sequence of 439 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2), where sequences are given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further involves (a) preparing leachate using EDTA (50 or 100 mM/l), and ammonium sulfate (1 g/l), where the weight ratio of EDTA to ammonium sulfate is 1:0.01-0.03, (b) watering the root of the mulberry by the above-mentioned mixture at a rate of 10-50 ml/minute to ensure that the solution is supplied to the root of the plant, observing the plant growth, and sampling the plant after 20 days, (c) measuring the height of the plant, dividing the plant into upper portion as 0-50 cm, 50-100 cm, 100-150 cm, or 150 cm of stem and lower portion as 150 cm above leaf or 150 cm below leaf, respectively packing the portions by labels, putting them in an oven, drying at 80 degrees C until a constant weight is obtained, and finally crushing the sample, and (d) precisely weighing the plant and crushing into three portion (each for 0.2 g), digesting using nitric acid digestion method through a microwave digester, using a TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer to test the lead content in the mulberry. Preferred Components: The leachate is ammonium sulfate (1 g/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier has porous diameter of 50 mu m or more. The ceramic raw material is clayey material. The foaming agent is a organic waste. The organic waste is sawdust or wood shavings. The amount of foaming agent is 1-5 wt.% with respect to 100 wt.% of the ceramic raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The composting reactor comprises three sections of detachable tank bodies connected with each other. The side wall of the composting reactor is provided with an air inlet, which is placed below the chassis provided with holes. The top cover is provided with a temperature-measuring electrode, an oxygen-measuring electrode and an air outlet. The composting reactor orderly comprises housing, a heat-preserving layer and an inner housing from outer part to inner part. The composting device further comprises a composting support, in which the composting reactor is placed on the composting support. The side wall of the composting reactor is provided with multiple sampling holes. The side wall of the composting reactor is provided with a discharging hole placed on the chassis provided with holes. The top part of the composting reactor is fixed with the top cover via a hinge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The diameter is 70-80 mm and the length is 30-100 mm, when the combustion rod is circular.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The sterilizing step comprises using a microwave to sterilize the bone for 10-15 minutes with microwave intensity power density of 0.15-0.2 kw/kg, and drying and crushing the bone to produce protein feedstuff. The dewatering step further comprises performing an anaerobic method to obtain biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer particle is selected from a group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polysulfone and polyether sulfone material. The adhesive agent is made of vinyl ester, polyester resin or epoxy resin material. The polymer particle is a made of polyamide material. The metal microparticle is made of platinum, gold and silver metals, thiol, dithiol and sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: 2/3rd of water from the multi-media filtration is merged with water filtered by reverse osmosis as the recycled water and 1/3rd of water enters to the subsequent processing. The reverse osmosis is a two-stage reverse osmosis. The discharged water from the multi-media filtration is merged with the recycled water to enter for lime flocculation/sedimentation. The method further comprises precise filtration between ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis, where back flushing water in the precise filtration is merged with the recycled water to enter for lime flocculation/sedimentation. The reverse osmosis water is mixed with the regenerated flushing water in a softener to flush coal belt or to extinguish coke, and processed by a condensing and crystallizing device, where the condensate is taken as the recycled water and residue is taken as a coal-fired boiler desulfurization agent. Preferred Components: The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the water obtained from the multi-media filter is less than or equal to 10 mg/l, total hardness is less than or equal to 35 mg/l, total alkalinity is less than or equal to 85 mg/l and chlorine ion concentration is less than or equal to 100 mg/l. The COD of the water obtained from the reverse osmosis is less than or equal to 1 mg/l, the total hardness is less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l, the total alkalinity is less than or equal to 6 mg/l and the chlorine ion concentration is less than or equal to 7 mg/l. The COD of the recycled water is less than or equal to 6 mg/l, the total hardness less than or equal to 24 mg/l, the total alkalinity is less than or equal to 65 mg/l and the chlorine ion concentration is less than or equal to 75 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material extruding device comprises a piston (6), a piston pulling rod fixedly connected with the piston and a piston spring installed between the piston and piston pulling rod. The feeding hole is opened when the piston pulling rod pushes the piston and locates the piston spring at the compression state. The feeding hole is closed when the piston spring restores to original shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dehydrating machine and drier are connected by a first belt conveyer (2). The first belt conveyer and drier are connected by the mixing system. The mixing system comprises a material mixing device (3), a material adding chamber installed above the material mixing device and a mixing and stirring machine installed in the material mixing device. The material adding chamber is connected with the first belt conveyer. The material mixing device is connected with the drier. The drier and coal producing machine are connected by the second belt conveyer. A sludge chamber and a powdered coal chamber are installed at the top of the coal producing machine. The sludge chamber is connected with the second belt conveyer. The device further comprises a waste gas treatment device comprising a cyclone separator, a deduster and a draught fan, which are connected. The cyclone separator is connected with the inner part of the drier through the pipe. A finished coal delivering machine is connected with the bottom of the coal producing machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer side of the heating chamber is provided with heat preserving layer (18). The bottom of the methane tank is provided with stirrer (22). The hot air pipe is provided with hot air fan (19).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Weight ratio of Ca2+ to polyvinylpyrrolidone in the stabilizing agent A is 8-10:1. Weight ratio of EDTA to dithiothreitol in the stabilizing agent B is 1:30-50. Weight ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone to EDTA in the stabilizing agent C is 70-90:1. The coenzyme includes one or more of nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin, or riboflavin. The agricultural waste is processed by cutting the agricultural waste, and treating the agricultural waste to form into threads. Weight ratio of fiber softening agent to agricultural waste is 1-2:100. Weight ratio of anionic surfactant to agricultural waste is 1-2:100. The concentration of solid for softening and releasing the mixture is 35-40 wt.%, and the concentration of solid for softening and curing the mixture for grinding is 15-35 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium (M1) comprises (in g/l): potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3), 0.1% ammonium sulfate (0.1), magnesium sulfate (3.1), ammonium tartrate (3.1), sodium chloride (1), ferrous sulfate (0.1), cobalt chloride (0.1 g), zinc sulfate (0.1), copper (II) chloride (0.1), aluminum potassium sulfate (10 mg/l), boric acid (10 mg/l) and sodium molydate (10 mg/l). The culture medium (M2) comprises fermentation substrate, microelement solution and methanogenic activated sludge. The microelement solution comprises (in mg/l): urea (0.44 g/l), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2 g/l), sodium chloride (4), sodium molydate (4), ferric chloride (1.1), manganese sulfate (1.2), magnesium sulfate (0.4), and calcium chloride (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The frequency converter comprises a pressure sensor for detecting gas pressure in the natural gas compressor, a converter for controlling the natural gas compressor, and a controller for controlling the converter according to the signals of the pressure sensor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous inorganic substance is pearlite, sepiolite, medical stone, or zeolite. The clay is bentonite, kaolin, diatomite and/or montmorillonite. The acidic liquid is 0.01-0.1 mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid. The initiator is ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium persulfate. The nitrogen fertilizer in the composite fertilizer is urea or ammonium sulfate. The phosphorus fertilizer is triple superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate. The molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate. The attapulgite is acidified by soaking in 2-3 mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid for 12-36 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic substance is obtained by mixing, fermenting and crushing humic acid and organic material at ratio of 1:2-5. The humic acid is grass peat and/or lignite. The organic material is sawdust, peanut cake, or soybean cake. The active sealing agent is pesticide emulsifier 600, pesticide emulsifier 0203B, or pesticide emulsifier 0204C. The starch is soybean starch or potato starch. The crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The compost fermenting agent is organic fertilizer fermenting agent or transformation promoter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silver halide composite material is prepared by loading silver halide on surface of conductive carrier. The silver halide is silver iodide preferably silver bromide. The silver halide content of silver halide composite is 1.0-175% of carrier. The conductive carrier is sheet-shaped graphite, expansion graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, granular active carbon, zeolite or titanium dioxide. The compound silver halide material is AgX/sheet-shaped graphite, AgX/expansion graphite, AgX/graphene, AgX/carbon nanotube, AgX/granular active carbon, AgX/zeolite and AgX/titanium dioxide. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding 0.13-20 g solid powder of conductive carrier in 100 ml of 0.001-0.05 mol/l cetyl trimethyl halogenating ammonium water solution; diffusing for 10-60 minutes under ultrasonic; stirring for 10-60 minutes by magnetic agitator to obtain uniformly distributed suspension (A); adding 0.0012 mol silver nitrate in 2.3 ml of ammonium hydroxide containing 25 wt.% ammonia to obtain mixed solution (B); fast adding solution (B) in suspension (A); stirring for 6-24 hours at room temperature under magnetic force; separating deposition by high speed centrifugal; washing by ethanol for 3-5 times; drying at 75-100 degrees C; and sintering for 2-6 hours at 200-700 degrees C to obtain silver halide composite material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon is ethanol, methanol or methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises: metal copper, copper oxides, monovalent copper salt or divalent copper salt; or copper powder, copper oxide, cuprous oxide, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, copper chloride, cuprous chloride, cuprous iodide or copper acetate. The molar ratio of the catalyst to the substrate aromatic halide is 1:40-1:2. The molar ratio of the dosage of the aqueous ammonia to the substrate aromatic halide is 2:1-10:1. The alkali is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, cesium fluoride or potassium phosphate. The molar ratio of the dosage of the alkali to the substrate aromatic halide is 1.5:1-3:1. The surfactant is quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphine salt, dodecyl sulfonate or polyethylene glycol. The molar ratio of the dosage of the surfactant to the substrate aromatic halide is preferably 1:20-1:2. The molar ratio of the oxalylhydrazine to ketone is 1:1-1:6. The molar ratio of the oxalylhydrazine to catalyst is 2:1-20:1. The ketone is single chain ketone, cyclic ketone, single chain dione, cyclic dione or aromatic ketone. The reaction is carried out at room temperature, and the reaction time is 12-72 hours; or in general hot-bath heating condition. The reaction temperature is 60-120 degrees C. The reaction time is 5-120 minutes. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes diluting sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide into dissolving agent (22-25%); washing and filtering arsenic trisulfide with water; feeding washed and filtered arsenic trisulfide and blended dissolving agent into dissolving tank at wt. ratio of 1:60-80, agitating and dissolving, and filtering out residue lead sulfide; and subjecting produced filtrate into neutralizing process. The filtrate obtained by cleaning arsenic trisulfide is recycled for neutralizing step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrylpyridine is put into 80% ethanol and is added with ammonia. The weight ratio of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrylpyridine to ethanol is 1:3-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing bio diesel product from Vernicia montana seed, comprises: (i) removing the shell of Vernicia ontana seed to obtain endosperm grain; crushing the endosperm grain to obtain endosperm powder; processing the endosperm powder to obtain endosperm oil; (ii) preparing the oil powder residual drug to prepare medicine, and (iii) further decomposing the endosperm oil to obtain methyl hydrocarbon ester and glycerol, where the methyl hydrocarbon ester is the (B-100) bio diesel product with the purity degree of 99.2%. Preferred Method: Purifying the glycerol to obtain the glycerol with 100% purity. Processing the shell to obtain biological organic fertilizer or active carbon. ACTIVITY - Neuroleptic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Tranquilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt culture medium comprises 1g of ammonium nitrate, 1g of dipostssium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate, 1g of postssium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.02g of calcium chloride, 0.01g of ferrous sulfate, 0.01 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate and 4 g of crude oil in 1l of deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system comprises exit unit such that the detachment or attachment is possible.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Strain: The B.licheniformis strain is chosen from B.licheniformis R8 strain (NITE P-891) and B.licheniformis R15 strain (NITE P-892). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The torrefaction is made without the presence of air or oxygen. The treatment temperature of torrefaction reactor is 250-320 degrees C, preferably 270-300 degrees C. In the method, feeding the cooling fluid only to the cooling tubes partly or wholly in contact with the torrefied biomass material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the methane-fermentation tank is 40 mg/l or more. The organic waste is palm oil drainage liquid. Preferred Method: The method involves adding ammonia nitrogen obtained from the supernatant liquid to the methane-fermentation tank, and increasing amount of separated sludge, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane-fermentation tank is less than predetermined value, or does not exceed predetermined value, even the amount of obtained sludge reaches an upper limit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The dried culture has a relative moisture content of 15 %mass or less. The reconstituted culture has specific methanogenic activity against hydrogen:carbon dioxide that is at least 20 ml of methane/hour/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS), and above-mentioned specific methanogenic activity is at least 30% of specific methanogenic activity of the liquid culture against hydrogen:carbon dioxide before drying step. Preferred Method: The drying step of method (M1), involves heating the liquid culture to 80 degrees C for 10 minutes, or freeze-drying the liquid culture. The method (M1) involves subjecting the liquid culture to a vacuum during the heating step. The method (M1) further involves adding a cryoprotectant (5 g/ml) to the liquid culture before drying step. The method (M1) involves growing the liquid culture in the presence of oxygen, or organic acid or its salt before drying step. Preferred Microorganism: The methanogens comprise hydrogenotrophic methanogens, or acetotrophic methanogens belonging to order Methanosarcinales. The hydrogenotrophic methanogens belongs to order Methanomicrobiales or Methanobacteriales. The hydrogenotrophic methanogens comprise Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanobacterium beijingense, Methanolinea tarda, or hydrogenotrophic methanogen related to M.hungatei, M.beijingense and M.tarda. The M.hungatei or its related hydrogenotrophic methanogen represent at least 95% of hydrogenotrophic methanogens belonging to order Methanomicrobiales in the culture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises waste gas flow path in which the waste gas of the burner used for the generation of the reformed gas circulates, and the waste gas flow path is arranged in the position which adjoins the evaporation passage by the other side of the gas flow path. The apparatus further comprises shift reaction portion for removing carbon monoxide in the reformed gas by shift reaction and air supply portion for supplying air with respect to the reformed gas that goes to the selective-oxidation reaction portion from the shift reaction portion, where the shift reaction portion has an exit into which the reformed gas after shift reaction is made to flow. The air supply portion supplies the air from the direction which opposes the flow of the reformed gas with respect to the reformed gas that flows out of the exit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises selective oxidation reaction portion for carrying out selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas generated by the modification portion using selective oxidation catalyst layer. The proportion of the amount of raw fuel and water vapor is changed when the control portion acquires load instruction to fuel extraction for producing electric power with the reformed gas based on the acquired load instruction. The apparatus further comprises water surface detection unit for detecting the position of water surface. The control portion changes the proportion of amount of raw fuel and water vapor based on the position of the water surface detected by the water surface detection unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The guard bed comprises a noble metal catalyst or a non-noble catalyst, where the noble metal catalyst is platinum, palladium (both preferred), ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver or gold, and the non-noble metal catalyst is nickel, cobalt, molybdenum (all preferred), chromium, tungsten, tin, indium, germanium, lead, gallium or zinc, or a sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The diluted biorenewable feedstock is sent through the guard bed at 100-250 degrees C or 225-285 degrees C and at a pressure of 1379-6895 kPa (200-1000 psi). Preferred Components: The acidic biorenewable feedstock comprises vegetable oils, pyrolysis oils or lignocellulosic biomass. The diluted biorenewable feedstock comprises the acidic deoxygenated feed and the acidic biorenewable feedstock at ratio of 1:1-20:1. The acidic biorenewable feedstock comprises more than 0.005% sulfur compounds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The hydrogenation catalyst is nickel or nickel oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reforming reaction is steam reforming reaction, auto-oxidation reforming reaction or partial oxidation reforming reaction. The oxygen source used for oxidation reforming reaction is air. The methanation reaction of residual carbon monooxide is carried out during hydrogenation reaction. Preferred Compounds: The aromatic compound is toluene. The hydrogenated aromatic compound is methyl cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic component is obtained by burning molded article of mixture of zeolite particles, coal particles, glass particles and organic binder, and melting portion of glass particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The fatty globules have 95% particle diameter of 0.3-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion is zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound of formula (I) or (II).R1-R14=H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, formyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, or halo;andor R8+R9,R12+R13=alkylene group or optionally substituted alkenylene group.Preferred Composition: The organic ligand is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene and 4,4'-bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Wash water is added to residual liquor of secondary separation process, and water-soluble component is separated by tertiary separation. The fluid bed boiler is a pressurization fluid bed boiler (21) having power generation equipment (2) of combined cycle power generation system. The coal ash is bed material ash. Trans-esterification is carried out using waste heat generated in power generation equipment. The primary liquid is consumed by pressurization fluid bed boiler as electric power generation fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The chemical oxygen demand of wastewater is reduced to less than 105 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boron-nitrogen-carbon-hydrogen compound comprises guanidinium borohydride. The reactive hydride comprises ethylenediamine bisborane. Preferred Composition: The mixture further comprises additives comprising tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride. Preferred Process: The process further comprises (I) undergoing a rapid self-sustaining thermal decomposition reaction releasing more than 10 wt.% hydrogen gas; and initiating the process by a hot point source greater than 180 degrees C so that (I) will undergo the rapid self-sustaining thermal decomposition reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ligand: The organic ligand is chosen from 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene or 4,4'-azo pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid substrate comprises (in g) beef extract (0.3), peptone (1), sodium chloride (0.5), agar (2), running water (100 ml) and the pH value is 7-7.2. The growth substrate comprises (in g/l) dipotassium phosphate (5.17), monopotassium phosphate (1.70), and ammonium sulfate (2.63) and the pH value is 7-7.2 and there are trace elements e.g. iron, magnesium, manganese and calcium, and aniline (2000 mg/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The total processing time of the rubbish leachate in step (i) in the adjusting tank is 10-15 days. A part of sludge in the A/O tank in step (iii) flows back to a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) tank in step (i). The tubular membrane apparatus in step (iii) is connected with a membrane washing system externally. The filtration precision of the inorganic ceramic membrane super-filtration membrane in step (iii) is 20 nm-500 nm. The cross flow speed of solid-liquid separation to the sewage by the inorganic ceramic membrane super-filtration membrane in the tubular membrane apparatus in step (iii) is 1-7 m/second and the operation pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa. The aeration amount of the gas-phase flow and liquid-phase flow in the inorganic ceramic membrane super-filtration membrane in the tubular membrane apparatus in step (iii) take up the 10-30% of the total aeration amount. The reverse osmosis in step (iv) is high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane for sea water desalinization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solid culture medium comprises beef extract (0.3 g), peptone (1 g), sodium chloride (0.5 g), agar (2 g) and tap water (100 ml). The pH is 7-7.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The growth medium comprises dipotassium phosphate (5.17 g/l), monopotassium phosphate (1.70 g/l) and ammonium sulfate (2.63 g/l), pH is 7-7.2, and trace amounts of ferrous ion, magnesium ion, manganese ion and calcium ion, and aniline (2000 mg/l). The concentration of high concentrated aniline waste water is 1800-2200 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding tryptone, yeast extract, glucose, sodium chloride and water to the culture medium, stabilizing the culture medium and culturing the microorganism in the culture medium at 40-60 degrees C for 1-3 days. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The mixture of fermented fungal liquor preferably comprises (pts.wt.) Trichoderma viride liquor (0.4), Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquor (0.15), Aspergillus niger liquor (0.05), Aspergillus oryzae liquor (0.08), and Trametes versicolor liquor (0.1). Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding 4-10 times solid filler after mixing the liquor to prepare a solid agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid filler is xylose residue, furfural residue, turf, or kieselguhr.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The raw material comprises livestock manure, village organic wastes, silage or organic wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The jet stirrer is provided with gas pipeline connected to top of the fermentation tank, and the feed tube on the bottom of the fermentation tank which is connected with the jet device, such that the raw material, the fermentation liquor and the tank top refluxing marsh gas are mixed in the neck of the jet device fully. The anaerobic fermentation tank is a one-stage or multi-stage serially connected stepped fermentation tank composed of one or more fermentation tanks and each fermentation tank is provided with a feed tube and an exhaust tube, the feed tubes connect the tanks in turn, and the marsh gas exhaust tubes are gathered to the gas storage bag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rice straw is obtained by cleaning, naturally drying and cutting rice straw into slice of 2-3 cm long. Preferred Method: The acid pre-treatment step comprises mixing 10% dilute sulfuric acid solution with 6% rice straw, adding 5 times distilled water, sealing, and acidifying for 30 days at room temperature. The complete mixing type anaerobic digestion comprises storing the rice straw which is acidified in a fermenting tank, regulating carbon to nitrogen ratio to 20:1-30:1, adding inoculating substance (30 mass% of total fermenting liquid), regulating initial pH value to 7 with 40% sodium hydroxide, and performing anaerobic digestion for 1-2 hours in water bath at constant temperature. The carbon to nitrogen ratio is regulated by using ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The water bath at constant temperature is realized by stirring at 38 degrees C at 100 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mesoporous material is a silicon-based molecular sieve with hexagonal phase or cubic phase structure. The template micelle is distributed in the channel of the mesoporous material in a silk manner, where the sub-nano gap exists between the template micelle and silicon wall. The template is surfactant of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride. Preferred Method: The guest molecule is either menthol, which is adsorbed by the mesoporous material at 353-413 K, and stored at room temperature, and when the temperature rises, the mesoporous material releases menthol, or the guest molecule is nitrogen monoxide, which is adsorbed by the mesoporous material at 310-373K and stored at room temperature, and when the temperature rises, the mesoporous material releases nitrogen monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding an oxidizing agent in the first phase. The first phase involves mixing sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium, sodium acetate or acetic acid as a source of nutrient supply to the organic waste. The method further involves adding oxidizing agent, and 100 parts weight of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to the organic waste. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The oil supplying unit comprises oil reservoir, oil transfer pipe, oil heating block, floe valve control for controlling flow rate of oil, and oil producing system. The fossil fuel comprises fossil coke weighing hopper, and fossil fuel delivering pipe. The apparatus further comprises oil splashing member facing upper direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The application is conducted by taking separated and purified Halomonas sp. GHMC414 single bacterial colony for marine organics degradation; culturing for 40-48 hours in activation and expanding culture medium; inoculating the Halomonas sp. GHMC414 single bacterial colony for marine organics degradation in organics seawater containing high-concentration bait; and conducting constant-temperature shake cultivation for 1-7 days with temperature of 25-28 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent composition comprises at least 70%, by weight, of the 10-20C n-alkanes that are 16-18C n-alkanes, and at least 70%, by weight, of the 10-20C iso-alkanes that are 16-18C iso-alkanes. Preferred Condition: The solvent composition has a boiling range of 180 to 340 degrees C, density at +15 degrees C of 770 to 790 kg/m3, viscosity of 2.0 to 4.0 mm2/kg, cloud point of 0 to -30 degrees C, flash point of at least 61 degrees C, and the composition contains no more than 1% of aromatic compounds, and less than 0.5% of naphthenic compounds, by weight. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The predicted value is calculated by calculating the ethanol concentration during conversion of sugar content of sugar liquid into ethanol, calculating the ethanol production amount from the dilution ratio in the calculated concentration of ethanol and the fermenter, generating the amount of carbon dioxide during ethanol production and calculating the predicted value from the calculated amount of carbon dioxides, and the air quantity blown into the fermenter. The state of the ethanol fermentation is determined as unsatisfactory during the calculation process. The fermentation increases the quantity of air blown in the process which terminates supply of the sugar liquid to the fermenter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from acetone, 1-4C alcohol, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The platinum elution suppression material contains alkyl sulfonic acid group-containing compound of formula: ((R1O)3Si-R2-SO3H), and polymerizable spacer precursor. The polymerizable spacer precursor contains silane compound of formula: ((R3O)mSi(R4)n), and has polycondensable functional group without proton-acid property. The polymer of the suppression material contains a copolymer of polymerizable electrolyte precursor and the polymerizable spacer precursor.R2=1-15C alkylene;R3=R1;R4=1-10C alkyl;m=2, 3 or 4;n=0, 1 or 2;andm+n=4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises (wt.%) nickel oxide (8-12), iron oxide (5-8), lanthanum oxide (3-6), and gamma -aluminum oxide (balance). The mol ratio of nickel salt to lanthanum salt is 3:1-8:1. The mol ratio of nickel salt to iron salt is 1.2:1-4:1. Preferred Method: Drying is carried out at 90 degrees C for 6-12 hours. Calcining is carried out at 550 degrees C for 1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano cuprous oxide in step (i) is oil-soluble nano cuprous oxide powders, or at least one non-polar solvent dispersing liquids of oil soluble cuprous oxide nanoparticles, where non-polar solvent dispersing liquid is normal hexane, normal heptane, cyclohexane, or 5-18 carbon alkanes. The nano cuprous oxide has diameter of 2-100 nm. The nano cuprous oxide dispersing liquid has mass concentration of 10-90 wt.%. The electrode material in step (i) is fluorinated tin oxide and indium tin oxide. The step (ii) comprises 1-6 layers of nano cuprous oxide. The single layer of nano cuprous oxide in step (i) is 1-4 mu thick. Preferred Method: The surface of the electrode material in step (i) is processed by plasma activation treatment, or acid and alkaline corrosion process. The sintering temperature in step (i) is determined by using the nano cuprous oxide, if the nano cuprous oxide is powder, the sintering temperature is 40-100 degrees C, and if the nano cuprous oxide is organic dispersing liquid, the sintering temperature is 70-150 degrees C. The sintering time in step (i) is 0.5-1.5 hours. The vacuum in step (i) is 10-200 pa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The composite microbial solution comprises effective microorganisms (EM) composite bacteria comprising photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum, actinomycetes, Bacillus, and Bacillus natto. The EM composite bacteria solution is prepared by heating sterile water (10 g) to 100 degrees C, adding dark brown sugar (0.1 kg) into the water and adding EM composite microorganisms bacteria (10 g) when the water is cooled to 40 degrees C to dissolve and obtain dark brown sugar solution, airtight fermenting for 3-5 days at 35-37 degrees C to obtain activated liquid culture, and feeding the activated liquid culture into a secondary fermentation tank. Preferred Method: The method further comprises after uniformly stirring the bacterial solution and the raw materials, controlling moisture content to 32-38% and environmental temperature of anaerobic activation reaction of semifinished product to 20-30 degrees C, and fermenting for 10-20 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The residue of grain and oil processing is soya bean meal, colza oil extract residue, or rubber seed meal. The poultry and animal feces is pig, sheep, cattle, or silkworm waste. The crops straw is air-dried straws of corn, rice, rape, or Leguminosae. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The L-arginase is extracted from beef liver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: When deoxidation treatment is carried out, oxidation-reduction potential reaches 0 or less. The deoxidation treatment adds nutrient to dilution raw water, and performs an aerobe membrane process. The aerobe membrane process involves contacting the dilution raw water with activated carbon carrying aerobic microbe. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The vertical worm is arranged at the upper portion of the sleeve pipe. The lower portion of sleeve pipe is conical. The length of the sleeve pipe is 0.5-5 m. The pipe further comprises ventilating pipe and/or feeding pipe connected to the joint. The sensing device is any one or more of the temperature sensor. The sensing device comprises oxygen content sensor, humidity sensor and ozone sensor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A sludge storage tank (18) is contained in the device for isolating sludge. The isolated sludge is transferred to the solid-liquid separation tank using isolated sludge transfer path (21).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base is selected from sodium bicarbonate, and/or dolomite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel object comprises a cubic or cylindrical unit with a side dimension of 2-6 cm. The BTU source of the fuel object comprises (wt.%): (i) switch grass (60-70); (ii) wood fiber (30-40); (iii) inorganic base (2-3); and (iv) water (8-14). The density of the fuel object is 30-40 lbs/(foot)3. EXAMPLE - A fuel object having volume of 14.04 cm, derived from switch grass and wood and comprising (wt.%): water (moisture content) (8.27); particulate derived from switch grass-fiber (size 80-25000 microns) (63.2); particulate derived from wood fiber (fiber size 100-30000 microns) (34.4); and sodium bicarbonate (inorganic base) (2.4), was produced and was free of coal. The switch grass fuel object was cylindrical in shape with a length of 5.4 cm and a diameter of 2.6 cm. The fuel object was tested for thermal energy output, it was observed that the switch grass fuel object provided heat energy of 7386 British thermal units (BTU)/pound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The granulated fertilizer comprises (in %mass): ash of livestock dung (70-99), humic acid (1-30), livestock dung carbonized material (1-20), and low rank coal (1-10). Preferred product: The granulated fertilizer has particle size of 2-4 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Components comprising (in %mass): hen droppings (70) were baked at 950 degrees C to obtain hen droppings combustion ashes. The obtained ashes were mixed with humic acid (30) using ribbon blender. The obtained mixture was granulated at 50 revolutions per minute using mold granulator and water was sprayed suitably. The obtained granules was dried at 80 degrees C for 5 hours to obtain particles having 2-4 mm. The obtained particles were sieved to obtain granulated fertilizer having underwater disintegration rate of 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device for producing hydrogen includes an electrolysis device (3) and/or a device for thermal dissociation (6). The device for treating carbon dioxide-containing gases from different emission sources includes a device for cleaning (9), separation and/or compression. The device for re-use includes a device for electric energy generation, for heat energy production and/or methanol production and/or devices for preparation of the methane for vehicles and/or for gas feed-in. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of the lignocellulosic biomass powder is less than or equal to 50 mu m. Concentration of the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is 15-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The volume ratio of the methanol to n-hexane is 8:1. The mass ratio of the solid alkali potassium fluoride/aluminum oxide is 1:0.1. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 75 degrees C for 4 hours. The accumulation thickness of the catalyst in the catalytic reaction chamber is 1-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The growth culture medium in step (B) comprises (g/L) ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (1), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (2), yeast cream (1), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (0.2), sodium acetate (CH3COONa) (4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) (0.2), and sodium chloride (NaCl) (2). The hydrogen producing culture medium in step (C) comprises (g/L) NH4Cl (0.4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (0.2), yeast cream (0.1), K2HPO4 (0.5), NaCl (2), sodium glutamate (3.56).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alkali solution in step (C) is 40-50 mass% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The straws are corn or broomcorn straws.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises inoculating microcystin-degrading Bacillus sp. into inorganic culture medium; taking MC-LR as the only carbon source and nitrogen source with a pH of 7 and mass ratio of 6%; and culturing for 48 hours at 30 degrees C in a shaking bed (120 rpm) to degrade MC-LR, where concentration of carbon source is 500 mg/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inorganic culture medium comprises 1.6 g dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 0.4 g KH2PO4, 0.5 g ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), 0.2 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), 25 mg calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), 2.3 mg iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O), and 100 ml distilled water. It has a pH of 7.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The concentration of methanol in the chemical wastewater containing highly-concentrated methanol, petroleum and coal is 0.5-5%. The bacterial quantity is 5-10 vol.%. The chemical wastewater containing highly-concentrated methanol, petroleum and coal is utilized as a heat source. The carbon source is glucose. The nitrogen source is yeast powder, peptone or other components. The inorganic salt is calcium carbonate. Preferred Method: The method for preparing the culture liquid requires no germicidal treatment. The fermentation is performed at 30-35 degrees C for 70-120 hours, where the quantity of gas supply is 60-80%, and the rotation speed of a shaker is 300-350 revolutions/minute. The method utilizes heat exchange to maintain the fermentation temperature. The carbon source supply is added to the culture liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further comprises reverse flushing pipe ultrafiltration membrane element once after every 20-60 minutes filtering for 30-60 s; and performing chemical cleaning on pipe ultrafiltration membrane element once every week for 1-2 hours each time.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical cleaning comprises using sodium hypochlorite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical cleaning comprises using citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The agricultural organic waste is straw, straw residue, husk and animal waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic catalyst is solid acid catalyst chosen from zeolite, montmorillonite and heteropolyacid. The zeolite is ( beta )-phase, Y type, mordenite type or ZSM-5 type zeolite. The ratio of silica and alumina in ( beta )-phase, mordenite type or ZSM-5 type zeolite is 2-600, and the ratio of silica and alumina in Y type zeolite is 10-600. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - (In mmol) anisole (20), succinic anhydride (0.2), H-( beta )-phase zeolite (100 mg) and activated carbon (40 mg) were added to a reactor and reacted at 200 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain 2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)furan with yield of 74.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is chosen from aerobic microorganism, anaerobic microorganism and facultative microorganism. Preferred Agent: The agent is sprayed on the soil after ploughing the soil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The shell powder has higher content of calcium. The porous carrier is chosen from gravel, crushed stone and brick. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The shape of granules is spherical or cylindrical, or other irregular shape. The spherical grains have diameter of 0.5-20 mm. The cylindrical grains have diameter of 0.5-20 mm and length of 0.5-20 mm. The maximum size of other irregular-shaped grains is 0.5-20 mm. The mechanical compressive strength of grains is 8 N or more. Preferred Process: The dewatering of water-containing ethanol having water content of 3 wt.% or less is carried out under gaseous-phase condition or liquid-phase condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The waste liquid is from anaerobic digestion loop. Flocculating agent(s), coagulating agent(s), and/or chelants are used. Ammonia is recovered from the waste liquid generated in anaerobic digestion loop. The pH of waste liquid generated in anaerobic digestion loop is 9-12. The waste liquid generated in ammonia recovering loop and/or primary methane generated in anaerobic digestion loop are aerated. Carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide of primary methane are absorbed by the waste liquid to reduce the pH of waste liquid to generate purified methane and to generate methane liquid which can be recycled and used. The ammonia recovering loop comprises a closed loop air recycling heating system. The ammonia blowing-off unit and ammonia absorption unit are arranged in two separated towers or a combined tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The residual solution of detaching tryptophan is ethanol solution of the mixture of D-tryptophan, L-tryptophan and camphorsulfonic acid. The acidic resin catalyst is 732 cation resin or D001 macropore resin. The racemization catalyst is salicylic acid or pyridoxal. The mass ratio of the residual solution of detaching tryptophan to the acidic resin to the aldehyde racemization catalyst is 1 to 0.05-0.1 to 0.05-0.2. The mass/volume ratio of the residual solution of detaching tryptophan to 50% (v/v) of methanol aqueous solution to 50% (v/v) of ethanol water solution is 1 g to 10-25 ml to 5-10 ml. Preferred Method: The step of collecting the target product DL-tryptophan from the reaction product comprises cooling the reaction solution to room temperature and using 50% (v/v) of methanol aqueous solution to dissolve the sediment in the filtered solid; filtering to remove catalyst and decompressing and concentrating the filtering solution; and adding 50% (v/v) of ethanol water solution to recrystallize to obtain the target product DL-tryptophan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid base catalyst is prepared using ( gamma )-alumina (100), magnesium hydroxide (10), calcium hydroxide (0.5), polyacrylamide (3) and water (10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the amount of 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 2-(2-aminothiazole-4-group)-2-(Z)-(acetoxy imido)acetyl chloride is 1:1-1.5. The mass ratio of 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and alkaline ionic liquid is 1:5-10. The mass ratio of the solid base catalyst and 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid is 30-50%:1. Preferred Process: The reaction solution is extracted with methylbenzene, and sulfuric acid solution is added to extract liquor to hydrolyze. Alkaline liquor is added to adjust the pH to 5.5-7.5, and stirred and filtered to separate out water phase. The pH value is adjusted to 1-5 using hydrochloric acid, and a light yellow solid is separated out, filtered, washed and dried to obtain cefdinir hydrochloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The biodiesel chemical components are selected from stigmasterol, campesterol, methyl heptadecanoate, arachidic acid methyl ester, behenic acid methyl ester, gadoleic acid methyl ester, lignoceric acid methyl ester, erucic acid methyl ester, soybean plant phytosterol, and/or rapeseed plant phytosterol or the diesel chemical component comprises cetane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The reactor subsystem further includes a fresh redox solution reservoir having a fresh redox solution outlet connect to fresh redox solution inlet of the redox reservoir. The system further comprises: iodine recovery system, where iodohydrocarbons are converted to their corresponding hydrocarbons and HI, prior to fractionation; and the HI is recovered and returned to the cell prior to regeneration. The redox solution comprises HI and a metal ion in a reduced state, where the spent redox solution comprises HI, I2 and the metal ion in an oxidized state, and the regenerated redox solution comprises HI and a substantial amount of the metal ions in reduced state. The metal ions in reduced state comprise greater than or equal to 80% of the metal ions from the spent redox solution are in their reduced state. The hydrocarbons comprise a hydrocarbons and/or iodohydrocarbons having 4-40 carbons atoms, with at least one of the carbon atoms replaced by at least one oxygen atom, where the hydrocarbons are alkanes and alkenes. The hydrocarbons comprise pentene and hexene, and mixtures of 10-12C dimers and 15-18C trimers. The reduced metal ions are selected from vanadium(II) (V2+), europium(II) (Eu2+), titanium(II) (Ti2+), indium(II) (In2+), indium(I) (In1+), chromium(II) (Cr2+) and uranium(III) (U3+); and the oxidized metal ions are selected from vanadium(III) (V3+), europium(III) (Eu3+), titanium(III) (Ti3+), indium(III) (In3+), chromium(III) (Cr3+) and uranium(IV) (U4+). The polyol solution comprises a biomass derived polyol solution. The separation subsystem further includes a solvent reservoir adapted to introduce an extraction solvent into the separator vessel to assist in phase separation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the system, at least one of the substrate is: hydrophobic; and polyethylene. The primary adherer bacteria are Gordonia, Caulobacter including Caulobacter vibrioides or Caulobacter crescentus. The secondary adherer bacteria are Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter or Zoogloea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass material comprises plant matter, biodegradable wastes, byproducts of farming including animal manures, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp or algae. The plant matter comprises the roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, corn (maize), poplar, willow, sugarcane, and oil palm (palm oil).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water is liquid superheated water at a temperature of at least 200 (preferably at least 300) degrees C; or the water is in the supercritical state at a temperature of at least 374 degrees C and a pressure of at least 22 MPa. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass (B1) comprises plant matter, biodegradable wastes, byproducts of farming including animal manures, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp or algae (preferably roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, corn (maize), poplar, willow, sugarcane, or oil palm (palm oil)).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the water is liquid superheated water at 200 degrees C or 300 degrees C. The water is in the supercritical state at 374 degrees C and a pressure of 22 MPa. In the process, the biomass pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass (B1). In the process, the pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass at 350-425 degrees C. In the process, the biomass pyrolysis oil comprises an emulsion of non-separable water content (15-50 wt.%), and where the biomass pyrolysis oil comprises an emulsion having an oxygen content of 40-50%. The process involves pyrolyzing biomass at 300-500 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere to form a biomass pyrolysis oil and contacting the biomass pyrolysis oil with liquid superheated water or supercritical water to depolymerize and deoxygenate the biomass into transportation fuel precursors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass material comprises plant matter, biodegradable wastes, byproducts of farming, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp or algae. The plant matter comprises roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of Miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, maize, poplar, willow, sugarcane and palm oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (I) is carried out: at 280-350 degrees C, and a total system pressure of 12-30 MPa and a carbon monoxide partial pressure of 5-10 MPa; and with a weight ratio of water:biomass material of 0.5:1-5:1. The processes (I) and (II) are carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. In the process (II): the water is liquid superheated water; and the product of the reaction is separated to collect an aqueous stream comprising water-soluble reaction products of the lignocellulose biomass material comprising acidic components that are effective catalytic promoters for the reaction, where a portion of the stream is recycled to the reaction, the recycled aqueous stream comprises formate anion, and the reaction mixture comprises 0.5-10 wt.% of catalytic promoter. Preferred Components: In the process (I): the water is liquid superheated water at a temperature of at least 200 degrees C, preferably at least 300 degrees C; and the water is in the supercritical state at a temperature of at least 374 degrees C, and a pressure of at least 22 MPa. The organic solvent comprises alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water is liquid superheated water at, at least 200 (preferably at least 300, especially at least 374) degrees C and a pressure of at least 22 MPa. The biomass pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass comprising plant matter, biodegradable wastes, byproducts of farming including animal manures, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp or algae. The pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass comprising the roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, corn (maize), poplar, willow, sugarcane, and oil palm (palm oil). The process is carried out at 280 to 350 degrees C, at a total system pressure of 12 to 30 MPa and a CO partial pressure of 5 to 10 MPa. The weight ratio of water:biomass oil is 0.5:1 to 5:1. The pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass at 350 to 425 degrees C. The biomass pyrolysis oil comprises an emulsion of non-separable water content (15-50 wt.%). The biomass pyrolysis oil comprises an emulsion having an oxygen content of 40-50%. In the process (p2) the product of the reaction is separated to collect an aqueous stream comprising water-soluble reaction products of the biomass oil including acidic components which are effective catalytic promotors for the reaction, and recycling a portion of the stream to the reaction. The recycled aqueous stream includes formate anion. The catalytic promoter is present in the reaction in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the biomass pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass comprising plant matter, biodegradable wastes, by products of farming, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, black liquor from wood pulp or algae; and the pyrolysis oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass (at 350-425 degrees C) comprising the roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, maize, poplar, willow, sugarcane or palm oil. In the process the heavy petroleum oil feed is heated to at least 480 degrees C. The coking process: is a delayed coking process in which the feed stream is heated to 480-520 degrees C at 300-4000 kPa after which the heated stream is discharged into a delayed coker drum at 100-400 kPa and at 410-475 degrees C; or is a fluidized bed coking process in which the feed stream is heated to 250-350 degrees C at 300-4000 kPa after which the heated stream is discharged into a fluidized bed coking reactor at 100-400 kPa and at 450-500 degrees C. In a fluidized bed coking process, an alkali metal salt is added to the feed stream. Preferred Components: The biomass pyrolysis oil comprises: an emulsion of 15-50 wt.% nonseparable water content; an oxygen content of 40-50%; and up to 20 wt.% of the total feed to the coking process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises plant matter, biodegradable wastes, byproducts of farming, food processing wastes, sewage sludge, or black liquor from wood pulp or algae, preferably roots, stems, leaves, seed husks and fruits of Miscanthus, spurge, sunflower, switchgrass, hemp, maize, poplar, willow, sugarcane, or oil palm. The biomass includes lignocelluloses. The biomass comprises up to 20, preferably 10 wt.% of the total feed to the coking process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coking process is a delayed coking process or a fluidized bed coking process. The coking process is a delayed coking process in which the feed stream is heated at 480-520 degrees C at a pressure of 300-4000 kPa after which the heated stream is discharged into a delayed coker drum at a pressure of 100-400 kPa and a temperature of 410-475 degrees C. The coking process is a fluidized bed coking process in which the feed stream is discharged into a fluidized bed coking reactor at a pressure of atmospheric to 400 kPa and a temperature of 480-565 degrees C. In the process of converting biomass into liquid transportation fuels: the coking process is a fluidized bed coking process in which the feed stream is discharged into a fluidized bed coking reactor at a pressure of 100-400 kPa and a temperature of 480-565 degrees C; and the coking process is a fluidized bed coking process in which an alkali metal salt is added to the feed stream. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The axial oscillation is superimposed on the flow along the tube. The reactor contains baffles along its length to intensify local mixing. The baffles are approximately evenly spaced along the tube, and the amplitude of the flow oscillation is a small fraction of the spacing. The reactor is divided into successive sections and the flow of the liquid medium is intermittent, the liquid is moved on a section at a time and, apart from oscillatory motion, remaining stationary between these times. In the apparatus, all entry and exit points have valves operable so as substantially to exclude air from the system. The apparatus further includes a feedback loop to return exiting microorganisms to the inlet. The tube is serpentine and adapted for use in a vertical plane with discrete U-shaped compartments filled with fluid and connected by upper U-bends filled with gas or non-mixing liquid. The control means is adapted to operate intermittently so as to displace the amount of one U-shaped compartment at each operation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process chemicals such as ethanol, propane, butanol and acetone are extracted at the outlet end.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Device: The drive device comprises a pulley drive unit, a speed reducer and a shaft coupler, where input shafts of the electric motor and the speed reducer are respectively connected with the feed electric motor and the drive chain wheel of the chain wheel chain unit. The drive device comprises a speed reducer and a chain wheel chain unit, where the input shaft and output shaft of the speed reducer are respectively connected with the feed electric motor and the drive chain wheel of the chain wheel chain unit. Two driven chain wheels of the chain wheel chain unit are respectively mounted at the end portions of two feed shafts. The tail end of the casing is fixedly provided with a mounting base and a slide base. The pore plate is mounted in the chute of the slide base. The screw rod and the nut of a screw rod-nut pair are respectively mounted on the mounting base and the pore plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A composition containing processed transition metal oxide particles is applied on the surface of a film. The monomer composition containing sulfuric acid-processed transition metal oxide particles, and polymerizable monomer is polymerized to produce anion exchange membrane precursor. The precursor is processed with aqueous solution containing chloride ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The testing apparatus has a feed water pump for supplying water in tubular component. The tubular component is arranged towards direction through which water is supplied from feed water pump by inclining at predetermined angle with respect to horizontal direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aluminum chloride aqueous solution as catalyst carrier raw material obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide and waste aluminum material in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is impregnated and neutralized in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or ammonia. The sodium chloride aqueous solution or ammonium chloride aqueous solution containing aluminum hydroxide is filtered and separated to obtain aluminum hydroxide, and sodium chloride aqueous solution or ammonium chloride aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The side stream is saturated with carbon dioxide in a spraying apparatus or a packing column. The side stream is alkalinized. The water hardness of the aqueous solution is increased by adding lime and/or sodium hydroxide for alkalization of the side stream. The alkalinization of the side stream is carried out by the addition of ammonium and/or phosphate. The side stream saturated with carbon dioxide is mixed with unsaturated aqueous solution before supplying back into the container. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Zeolite particles of at least a part of the zeolite particles are particles made of at least one type of zeolite selected from ZSM-5 type zeolite, beta -type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, mordenite type zeolite and ferrierite type zeolite. Zeolite particles of at least a part of the zeolite particles are particles made of zeolite subjected to ion exchange between cations of zeolite and ions of at least one metal selected from copper, iron, nickel, zinc, manganese, cobalt, silver, palladium, indium, cerium, gallium, titanium and vanadium. The fine zeolite particles and the coarse zeolite particles are particles made of zeolite subjected to ion exchange between cations of zeolite and different types of the metal ions, respectively. The fine zeolite particles are particles made of zeolite subjected to ion exchange between cations of zeolite and ions of at least one type of metal selected from iron, titanium and cobalt, and the coarse zeolite particles are particles made of zeolite subjected to ion exchange between cations of zeolite and ions of at least one type of metal selected from copper, manganese, silver, and vanadium. Inorganic binding material includes at least one type selected from alumina sol, silica sol, titania sol, zirconia sol, ceria sol, boehmite, montmorillonite, hydrotalcite, basic aluminum chloride, hydraulic alumina, silicon resin, and water glass. The zeolite structure is formed in a honeycomb shape including partition walls disposed to form cells which become through channels of a fluid and which extend from one end face to the other end face. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The consolidated bioprocessing organism comprises one or more cellulomonads. At least one of the one or more cellulomonads is Cellulomonas uda, or clostridial or a clostridial-related strain. The clostridial-related strain is Clostridium thermocellum or Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. At least one of the one or more cellulomonads is A.cellulolyticus, Clostridium cellobioparum (Cce) or their combination. The Cce is a glycerol- or alcohol-tolerant strain of Cce or their combination. The cellulomonad is an alcohol-tolerant cellulomonad. The electricigen is Geobacter sulfurreducens. The biomass is a nonfood biomass, which is corn stover or glycerin-containing water. The fermentation byproduct contains hydrogen and/or one or more organic acids, preferably hydrogen. Preferred Method: The primary and secondary organisms are added sequentially.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The fuel cell further has an exchange membrane (210) capable of transferring electrons and protons, and an electronic device connected to anode electrode, cathode electrode and reference electrode, which are provided in single chamber. The anode electrode and reference electrode are located in primary chamber, and cathode electrode is located in secondary chamber. The bio-fuel production facility is a biodiesel production facility or production facility of ethanol (230), and the biomass waste stream is a glycerin-containing biomass waste stream or cellulosic biomass waste stream. The system further has a computer system connected to the fuel cell for monitoring and controlling fuel cell activity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The biomass is cellulosic biomass or polyol, which is glycerin-containing water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The hydrolyzate is treated to increase a concentration of sugars prior to fermentation. The step of pre-treating the biomass is conducted at 25-63 degrees C and at a pH of 4-6.3 and for a time of 60-160 hours. The method further comprises treating the second component to remove inhibitors, and to increase a concentration of xylose. The step of treating the combined component of the pre-treated biomass is conducted at 40-55 degrees C (preferably 47-53 degrees C) and at a pH of 1.5-6 (preferably 5.4-5.6) and for a time of 7-120 (preferably 90-120) hours. Preferred Composition: The enzyme formulation comprises enzyme protein and is provided to the combined component in a concentration of 4-18 milligrams of the enzyme protein per gram of glucan in the combined component. Preferred Components: The treated component comprises a hydrolyzate. The first component of the pre-treated biomass comprises 40-60 wt.% of glucan and the hydrolyzate comprises 2-15 wt.% of glucose. The treated component comprises hydrolyzed biomass to be supplied to the fermentation system and the fermentation product comprises ethanol. The glucan comprises cellulose and the enzyme formulation is capable of converting glucan to glucose. The combined component comprises 1-8% of glucan; 1-6% of xylan; and no less than 75% of water. The combined component comprises: glucose and xylose; glucan (at least 1 wt.%) and lignin; xylan; and water and solids (at least 4 wt.%). The first component comprises a solids component of the lignocellulosic material. The second component comprises a liquid component of the lignocellulosic material. The biomass comprises cellulose and the method further comprises fermenting glucose in the treated component to produce the fermentation product. The biomass comprises hemi-cellulose and the fermentation product has been produced by fermentation of xylose. The treated component comprises xylose; and 1-4% of lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon stream comprises 1-8C hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon is selected from methane, ethane, propane and butane. The hydrocarbon stream comprises biogas. The concentration of ethanol in second step is 10-30 (preferably 15-30)%. In the method, a biomass waste produced in first step is used as a fuel to the furnace; a biogas is used as a fuel to the furnace. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves: separating at least a portion of the water from the feed stream before second step so that the concentration of ethanol in the reformer feed stream is 5-35%; a furnace that provides heat to the reformer where the flue gas from the furnace provides heat to the separation of second step; passing the reformer product stream through at least one water gas shift reaction zones to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen; treating at least one of the carbon dioxide streams to remove impurities. The carbon dioxide produced by the water gas shift reaction is combined with carbon dioxide produced in first step. The carbon dioxide is not released to the atmosphere. The second step is conducted at a pressure of 100-600 psi. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalysts: The catalyst used in the process is molded by physically mixing a material having one or more functions of condensation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation using a binder material. The catalyst used in aldol condensation comprises cerium-zirconium oxide, copper-zirconium oxide, hydrotalcite, niobium oxide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia, titania, their mixed oxides, and/or molecular sieve containing zeolite. The catalyst having hydrogenation function comprises palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, copper, vanadium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten and/or cobalt-tungsten. The catalyst having deoxygenation function comprises acid or salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The 6-60C paraffins are branched paraffins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive (pts.wt.) ferrocene (0.06), acetone (4), dimethyl carbonate (4), isobutanol (2), toluene (3), diesel oil (70) and methanol (25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The expanding agent is vermiculite and expanding pearlite; and vermiculite includes (wt.%) silicon dioxide (37-42), aluminum oxide (10-13), magnesium oxide (14-23), iron oxide (5-18) and calcium oxide (0.5-0.8). The agricultural and forest biomass material is (wt.%) mixture of cotton stalk, rice stalk, rice shell, corn core, wheat stalk, wood chips or peanut shell; or rice stalk (30-85) and peanut shell (15-70); or cotton stalk (30-90) and peanut shell (10-70).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The method further involves adding dried sludge (3 %mass) to the coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises (pts. wt.) calorific value synergistic agent (1-2), combustion-supporting antismoke agent (0.5-1), stabilizer agent oleic acid (5-10), antiknock ferrocene (5-10), and catalytic agent potassium permanganate (1-5). The biological methanol is natural gas prepared from methane and biomass methanol; and has a purity of more than 99%. The biomass cleaning gasoline further comprises base oil comprising naphtha, distilled gasoline and/or condensed gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first step comprises filtering drainage oil through a filter net, removing particle impurities, and mixing filtered material and catalyst in a container to obtain mixture. The second step comprises using a reaction device which is a remolded reaction kettle, where biomass molecules are transformed to vehicle biodiesel molecules and waste gas at 238-455 degrees C and not greater than 3 MPa by using a method of electromagnetic warming. The third step comprises sending reaction material into the high temperature separator to process gas-liquid separation and keeping the temperature at 420 degrees C. The voltage stabilizer is used to change high voltage gas to low voltage gas, and stabilize the discharge of the gas for continuous production. Preferred Component: The catalyst is methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl having diameter of 30-40 nm and length of 150-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of corn straw to castor-oil plant straw is 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw carbon comprises distillers' grains or tofukasu and water (10-15 pts.wt.). Preferred Process: The method comprises placing carboxyethyl cellulose in water to soak for 2-3 hours, mixing with scattered straw carbon residual burned under anaerobic condition and distillers' grains or tofukasu, and placing common carbon pressing device or common section carbon pressing device to press and form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: About more than 90% of ethanol is fuel ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent comprises (vol.%) n-hexane (10-20), isopropyl ether (5-15), tetrahydrofuran (5-15) and 2-methyl propanol (10-20). The combustion supporting agent comprises (vol.%) methyl tertiary butyl ether (5-10) and ethyl t-butyl ether (5-10). The corrosion inhibitor comprises (vol.%) propargyl alcohol (2-5), cyclohexylamine (2-5), N-methyl morpholine (1-2) and inositol hexaphosphate (1-2). The steam inhibitor is ethyl formate. The cleaning dispersion agent is petroleum barium sulfonate (5-10 vol.%). The surfactant is sorbitol mono-oleate, sorbitol palmitate, sorbitol trioleate or sorbitol monostearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biochemically processed waste main material is obtained through biochemically processing oil sludge, oil slag, waste coke tar and/or organic waste by nutrient bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The active protein is prepared by culturing Bacillus subtilis in culture medium and then extracting the obtained material with 95% of methanol, 95% of ethanol, 40% of ammonium sulfate solution, 60% of ammonium sulfate solution or 80% of ammonium sulfate solution. ACTIVITY - Antidote; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The host cell transformed from the lipase gene comprises prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nutritive salt solution comprises 1.3 g of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.8 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate, 0.013 g of calcium chloride, 1.25 mg of ferrous sulfate, 5 g of yeast powder, 1.41 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.5 g of cysteine. The thermophilic bacteria is Clostridium thermocellum or Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum. The straw fiber is broomcorn straw, wheat straw or corn straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The bacterial colony of Xanthobacter sp. D7 is in the form of short bar of 0.5-0.7x (.08-1.0) microns, has no spore, is yellow, full, smooth, moist and easy to provoke up, grows along the line, positive to oxidase and citrate, negative to Voges-Proskauer (VP) reaction, methyl red (MR) reaction, benzpyrole reaction of catalase, sugar fermentation experiment and gram stain. The decomposition is carried out at 25-40 degrees C, and pH is 4-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode material comprises a perovskite phase. Element A is at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals and rare earths excluding La, and element B is at least one element selected from transition metals excluding Fe, Ni and Cu. Preferred Parameters: Conductivity at 750 degrees C of the material is 800 S/cm or more. Coefficient of thermal expansion of the material is 14.5 ppm/K or less. Preferred Method: In manufacturing metal oxide, the firing atmosphere in the firing step is an oxygen atmosphere. Firing step includes thermal treatment of a starting material at 1100 degrees C or more. Before the firing step, a calcination processing step is included for thermal treatment of the starting material at 1100 degrees C or more. Before the firing step, a calcination processing step is included for thermal treatment of the starting material at 1100 degrees C or more, and the firing step is executed at less than 1100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glycerol-blended fuel is obtained by mixing (in %mass) raw material oil (60-66), glycerol (5-40), water (5-15), methanol (1.2-1.4), isopropyl alcohol (0.3-0.6), ammonia (0.1-0.3), cyclohexylamine (0.4-0.9), oleic acid (5.2-9.5), and lauric acid (0.7-1.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Apparatus: The anode or cathode comprises platinum, palladium, nickel or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is alcohol. The electrolyte solution comprises 10-100 mmol/dm-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The harvested biomass is sweet sorghum. Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the step of extracting sugar from a harvested biomass includes hydrolysis of carbohydrates; and the contiguous acreage includes acreage of at least 30000 (preferably at least 35000) acres. The method (M1) further includes centrally locating the plant within the contiguous acreage; combusting the bagasse and drying the bagasse from the extracted harvested biomass with an exhaust; producing steam and using at least a portion of the steam in the fermenting and distillation of the extracted sugar juice to produce ethanol; producing at least two crops of the harvested biomass yearly per acre; and producing steam which is used in fermenting and distilling the extracted sugar juice to produce ethanol. The method (M1) involves: cultivating a sweet sorghum crop on contiguous acreage of at least 25000 acres to the processing plant and the processing plant being centrally located within the contiguous acreage and the biomass is grown year round and producing at least two crops of sweet sorghum yearly per acre; harvesting the sweet sorghum crop; extracting sugar juice from a harvested biomass including sweet sorghum, drying a bagasse from the extracted harvested biomass with an exhaust produced in the generation of steam; combusting the dried bagasse to produce steam and further including drying the bagasse with an exhaust produced in the generation of steam; and fermenting and distilling the extracted sugar juice to produce ethanol, and the produced steam is used in the fermenting and distilling the extracted sugar juice. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The system for using gas from the landfill for the production hydrogen further comprises means to store the methane. The hydrogen production process is a steam methane reformer. The methane is provided directly to the hydrogen production process, and where the methane is shipped to the hydrogen production process. The methane is injected into a natural gas supply for the hydrogen production process. The system as well comprises compressing the methane to obtain liquid natural gas, where the liquid natural gas is provided directly to the hydrogen production process, and where the liquid natural gas is shipped to the hydrogen production process, and where the liquid natural gas is injected into a natural gas supply for the hydrogen production process. Preferred Method: In producing hydrogen, the gas is purified methane or liquid natural gas, where the gas is provided directly to the steam methane reformer. The gas is shipped to the steam methane reformer, and where the gas is injected into a natural gas supply for the steam methane reformer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The gaseous substrates are provided by syngas. The source of carbon is not an organic complex carbon source or yeast extract. The carbon source is carbon dioxide, or organic carbon. The electron source is hydrogen or carbon monoxide. Preferred Sequence: The C.coskatii having 16S rDNA sequences comprise base pair sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves pumping the feed stream to a pressure of 100-600 psi before the separation of step (b); providing heat to the reformer by using a furnace, where the flue gas from the furnace and/or the hot reformer product stream provides heat to the separation of step (b); and passing the reformer product stream through at least one water gas shift reaction zone to produce additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In the process, the concentration of ethanol in the reformer feed stream is 20-35 (preferably 25-30)%. The pressure in the reformer is 200-300 psi. The biomass waste produced in step (a) is used as a fuel to the furnace. The biogas is used as a fuel to the furnace. The carbon dioxide produced by the water gas shift reaction is separated from the process stream and then combined with carbon dioxide produced in step (a). The carbon dioxide is not released to the atmosphere. The oxygen is not added to the reformer feed stream. The hydrocarbon is fed to step (c) with the reformer feed stream. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon is a compound having 1-8C (preferably methane, ethane, propane and butane). The hydrocarbon comprises biogas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In sequestering carbon dioxide, the paraffinic hydrocarbons are produced by gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch conversion. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are produced by hydrotreating of fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters. Algae are grown in ponds and/or photo-bioreactors with CO2 supplied from stationary emission sources, where the stationary emission source is a coal-fired power plant. Bio-derived hydrogen is produced as byproduct of steam cracking. Bio-derived pyrolysis gasoline is produced as byproduct of steam cracking. Pyrolysis gasoline is used as motor gasoline blend stock. Pyrolysis gasoline is hydrogenated prior to use as motor gasoline. Bio-derived fuel gas is produced as byproduct of steam cracking. The bio-derived fuel gas is supplied to the steam cracker furnace. Pyrolysis fuel oil yield is less than 1 wt.% of the bio-derived paraffinic hydrocarbon. Preferred Components: The biomass is wood chips. The fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are oils from plants, animals, or from algae. Olefins comprise of ethylene, propylene, butenes, and butadiene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the sugar contained in the saccharified solution is 6-18 %mass. The amount of lignocellulose-based biomass 1-60 %mass. The saccharified solution contains glucose, xylose or arabinose as sugar. Preferred Process: The substrate solution is processed using ammonia or water vapor, and coupled with cellulose or hemicellulose. The substrate solution is maintained at 30-50 degrees C for 5-150 hours. The sugar is extracted from the saccharified solution using centrifugation, filtration, filter press, suction extractor, a belt-press filter, screw-press dehydrator, or multiple disc dehydrator. Preferred Properties: The lignocellulose-based biomass has cellulose-decomposing activity of 1.2-70.2 U and xylan decomposing activities 0.8-46.8 U with respect to 1 g of the substrate and lignocellulose-based biomass liquid mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed fuel further comprises hexane (0.1-5), solvent (0.1-5), and toluene (3-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The specific metal oxide is silicon dioxide. The main body producing agent is nickel, iron, palladium, vanadium, magnesium or their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Reducing agent is formic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The moisture of the sludge is 60-85%. The grain diameter of the gravels is 10-40 mm. The pre-pressing molding pressure is 20-35 MPa and the pressure retaining time is not less than 7 seconds. The autoclaving preservation pressure is 0.85-1.0 MPa. The steam temperature is 180-220 degrees C and the preservation time is not less than 8 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The slurry in step (A) is the river slurry taken within 200-1000 m from the seaport, where river salinity is 0.2-3%. The reaction temperature of the heating temperature control device in step (E) is 22-24 degrees C. The time for denitrification reaction in step (G) is 4-6 hours. In step (H), after turning off the stirrer, deposition is conducted for 30-60 minutes. The method comprises repeating the steps (D)-(H) for 2-5 times. Step (E) comprises adjusting the rotor flow meter and controlling the oxygen concentration in the SBR at 3-5 mg/L; continuously aerating for 24-48 hours; and repeating the steps from (D) to (H) for 20-40 times, where continuous aeration time is 4-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The amount of inoculating strains in step (b) is 0.5-5, preferably 0.5-2% of B.licheniformis, L.casei and S.cerevisiae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The functional organic fertilizer comprises (pts. wt.) rapeseed dreg (30-50, preferably 30), Chrysanthemum slag (15-32, preferably 31.8), peat (30-35, preferably 35) and biological pesticide (1-2). During fermentation, auxiliary fermenting agent (2 pts.) and fermentation preparation (0.2 pts.) are added. The content of organic matter in the peat is greater than 40%. Humic acid is present at greater than 20%. The content of the organic matter in the rapeseed dreg is greater than 50%. The content of the organic matter in the Chrysanthemum slag is 50%. Preferred Material: The biological pesticide is Zaoduoli. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The water flea residue is residue of Moina weismanni, large Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex and/or Cyclops. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The composite bacteria at least two of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, heat resistant Bacillus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved potassium and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microelement comprises at least three of manganese, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straws comprises rice straws, corn stalks, wheat stalks, corncobs, wheat bran, peanut seedlings, peanut shell, melon seedlings, green grass, and/or tree leaves. The nutrient soil comprises composite of turf, vermiculite and field soil. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas includes ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, amine, methane, oxygen, argon, and/or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The multi-pore organic material is poly-tetracene silicon of formula (I) or poly-tetracene germanium of formula (II). The poly-tetracene silicon (I) has an area of 3200-2600 m2/g and a diameter of 1.3-1.1 nm. The poly-tetracene germanium (II) has an area of 2600-2000 m2/g and a diameter of 1.3-1.1 nm.n= not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The petrochemical powder contains vinyl compound, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or refuse derived fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is tap water, sea water, heavy magnetizing water and ionized water. Preferred Composition: The green fuel (for gasoline internal combustion engine) is prepared by providing (wt.%): isopropanol (6.5), triethanolamine (1.5), urotropine (0.5), potassium hydroxide (1), wetting agent (0.5), and water (90); completely uniformly mixing materials in stainless steel or ceramic tank; and filtering materials by screen of 160-180 meshes to prepare product, where fuel is added by 2.5% of engine oil lubricant for use. The green fuel (for diesel internal combustion engine) is prepared by (wt.%): providing isopropanol (5), triethanolamine (1), urotropine (0.5), potassium hydroxide (0.5), wetting agent (0.5), engine oil (2.5), and water (90); completely uniformly mixing the materials in the stainless steel or ceramic tank; and filtering materials by screen of 160 meshes to prepare the product. The green fuel (for cooking hydrolysis hydrogen fuel) is prepared by providing (wt.%): isopropanol (3.5), triethanolamine (2.5), urotropine (0.5), potassium hydroxide (0.5), wetting agent (0.5), sodium or potassium nitrate (2.5), and water (90); and completely uniformly mixing materials in stainless steel or ceramic tank to prepare the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: When methane is used as fuel, the inlet on the heat side of the reforming device is used for discharging air to the fuel turbine. When methyl alcohol is used as the fuel, the inlet on the heat side of the heat regenerator is for discharging fuel to the fuel turbine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cationic resin column contains strong cation exchange resin with active sulfonic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A side wall of the thermo composter made of corrugated plastic clad, guarantees air circulation along the side wall by its wavy structure and attached holes, and accelerates the decay process even when the thermo composter is filled with organic waste. The activity of microorganisms, which additionally need oxygen (aerobic system) accelerates the decay by the ventilation pipe in the center of the thermo composter of waste tires. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The Freon liquid has vapor pressure of 500 Pa or less at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The powdered carbon, aluminum hydroxide and calcium sulfate are precipitated and reprocessed to generate elemental aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves using nitrate nitrogen, water-soluble phosphoric acid and water-soluble potassium in the weight ratio of 1:1-10:1-10. Preferred Components: The livestock excrement is chosen from horse manure, cow excrement, pig feces and urine, hen urine and sheep feces and urine. The vegetable waste material is chosen from bark, chaff, sawdust, chip, straw, fallen leaves and cut grass. The weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with respect to organic substance is 1-10. The organic substance is chosen from soybean residues, oil residue, fish meal, protein, peptide, and amino acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The addition amount of water vapor with respect to fuel gas is 5-20 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The desulfurizing agent comprises copper oxide and zinc oxide impregnated and supported with nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of palladium with respect to refractory inorganic oxide is 0.05-10 %mass. The mass ratio of catalyst which supported palladium, and catalyst containing ZSM-5 zeolite is 0.1-10. The ratio of silica and alumina in the catalyst containing ZSM-5 zeolite is 20-100. The ratio of catalyst amount and synthesis gas flow rate is 0.2-250 g.hour/mol. Preferred Process: The reaction is performed at 360-420 degrees C for 2-10 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Agent: The desulfurizing agent is copper-zeolite-type desulfurizing agent. The operating temperature of desulfurizing agent is 70-150 degrees C when dew point of fuel gas is more than -20 degrees C. Preferred Apparatus: The electric power generation system further has dew point sensor for detecting dew point of fuel gas provided in upstream of container, and control portion for controlling heating unit. The heating unit uses exhaust heat as heat source discharged from fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol fuel is ethanol fuel obtained by fermentation of biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The decomposition rate of the biomass with respect to quantity of cellulase used in enzymatic process. The concentration of biomass in reaction tank is 5-20 wt.% with respect to moisture in reaction tank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The plant is produced by transducing At3g19990 gene or functionally equivalent gene into the plant, and selecting species in which fats and oils productivity of the progeny plant of the transduced plant is increased significantly. Preferred components: The gene codes for proteins chosen from (a) protein comprising a 425 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification, (b) protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 in which one or two or more amino acid residues are inserted, deleted, added or substituted and having function of specifically being expressed in seed, and (c) polynucleotide capable of hybridizing under stringent condition with polynucleotide comprising complementary base sequence of base sequence comprising a 1278 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification, and expressing protein having function of being specifically expressed in seed and involved in seed synthesis. The functionally equivalent gene is isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and encodes protein having function of being specifically expressed in seed and involved in seed synthesis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ion exchanger comprises an organic ion exchanger based on sulfonic acid, or an inorganic ion exchanger based on zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing neutralization of the acid added in the step (b) by adding an equivalent amount of a base while using a liquid or a dissolved acid. The evaporation of water is carried out at 120-180 degrees C, preferably 140-160 degrees C, and at an atmospheric pressure or under a negative pressure, preferably 500-800 mbar. The contacting step with the acidic, solid ion exchanger is carried out at 100-200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The catalyst for splitting steryl glycoside comprises a mixture of a water-free, liquid acid including methanolic acid, preferably methanolic sulfuric acid. The amount of acid in methanol is 4-50 wt.%, and the acid (without methanol content) is added to steryl glycoside in a mass ratio of 0.2-3:1, where the addition of the acid and the splitting of steryl glycoside are carried out at 30-150 degrees C, preferably 40-80 degrees C and under a pressure in such a manner that the methanol content of the acid is not evaporated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism further does not express pyruvate decarboxylase. It is a Clostridium species. The Clostridium species is Clostridium phytofermentans. Microorganism is a mesophilic microorganism. It does not comprise an integration element in a lactate dehydrogenase gene. The lactate dehydrogenase gene is Cphy1232 orCphy1117. Microorganism is an anaerobic microorganism that can saccharify both C5 and C6 polysaccharides. It is Gram-negative or Gram positive. Preferred Product: In the product, the biomass comprises cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials. It comprises one or more of corn steep solids, corn steep liquor, malt syrup, xylan, cellulose, hemicellulose, fructose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, or xylose. Biomass comprises municipal waste, wood, plant material, plant material extract, bagasse, switch grass, algae, corn stover, poplar, a natural or synthetic polymer, or its combination. It is pre-conditioned with acid treatment. Chemical product is an alcohol, a gas, an acid, a fatty acid, an isoprenoid, or a polyisoprene. Preferably, the chemical product is ethanol, butanol, methanol, methane, or hydrogen. Preferred Process: In producing a chemical product, the microorganism is modified to enhance production of: (a) fermentive end-product is selected from Clostridium phytofermentans, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridiurn acetobutylicum, Clostridium cellovorans, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium thermobutyricum, Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Moorella ssp., Carboxydocella ssp., Zymomonas mobilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Process occurs at a temperature between 10 degrees C and 35 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves introducing exhaust gas from the klin furnace into combustion furnace located at outer peripheral surface of the klin furnace, and deodorizing combustible content in the exhaust gas by burning. The waste material contains cellulose. The temperature of the furnace is maintained at 200-300 degrees C. The waste material further comprises oil component and plastics. The oil component and plastics are vaporized at 300-450 degrees C. The waste material comprising carbon is carbonized at 450-800 degrees C. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises combustion furnace located at outer peripheral surface of the klin furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The sludge water purified in the deammonification tank by deammonification is fed to the aeration tank, after the removal of the sludge from it. The excess sludge formed in the deammonification tank by deammonification, and the purified sludge water is fed to the aeration tank as a suspension. The wastewater is fed to a settling tank (4), after the deammonification in the aeration tank, where a part of the settling sludge is returned to the aeration tank as recycle sludge and the other part is fed to a sludge digester as excess sludge. The wastewater before being introduced into the aeration tank is purified in a primary settling tank (2), and a primary sludge together with the excess sludge from the aeration tank or the settling tank is fed to the sludge digester. The resulting excess sludge from the deammonification of the wastewater in the aeration tank, is separated into a heavy sludge phase and a light sludge phase in a hydrocyclone (10), or a centrifuge by sedimentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The isolated microorganism (MO1) is capable of producing a microbial oil comprising saturated fatty acids (0.5-30 wt.%), and produces fatty acids (30-80 wt.%) (preferably oleic acid (30-70 wt.%) and linoleic acid (5-30 wt.%)). The isolated microorganism Sporidiobolus pararoseus, is capable of producing fatty acids (50-80 wt.%) and produces a microbial oil comprising linoleic acid (5-30 wt.%). Preferred Method: In method (M1), the isolated microorganism is grown in the presence of a carbon source selected from sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, glycerol, mannose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, maltose, cellulose, and/or lignocellulose. The method further involves extracting the microbial oil. The culture comprising biomass of the isolated microorganism is produced and the culture comprises at least 5 g/l of the biomass. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent solution comprises 10-90 wt.%, preferably 30-50 wt.% of (I). The absorbent solution further comprises a non-zero amount to less than 20 wt.% an organic activator compound. The organic activator compound comprises at least one primary or secondary amine. The activator is monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, diglycolamine, piperazine, N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine or morpholine. The absorbent solution comprises a physical solvent. Preferred Process: The step of absorption of acid compounds is carried out to obtain a gaseous effluent depleted in acid compounds and an absorbent solution laden with two-phase liquid-liquid acid compounds, where the absorption step is followed by at least one liquid-liquid separation step of the absorbent solution laden with acid compounds, and at least one regeneration step of the fraction of absorbing solution laden with acid compounds. The step of absorption of acidic compounds is carried out at a pressure of 1-120 bars, and at a temperature of 30-90 degrees C. The step of thermal regeneration is carried out at a pressure of 1-10 bar and a temperature of 100-180 degrees C. The process comprises: before the regeneration step, a first step of relaxation of the absorbent solution charged with acid compounds. The process comprises a second step of relaxation of the absorbent solution laden with acid compounds, where: the second step of relaxation is carried out after the first step of relaxation and before the regeneration step; and the absorbent solution is heated before undergoing the second step of relaxation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are genera Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and/or Rhodococcus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salts of Mg+2 are magnesium hydroxide, chloride, oxide, gluconate, malate, orotate, citrate, sulfate, borate or salicylate, and the salts of PO4--3 are potassium dihydrophosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, and/or magnesium phosphate. The biochemical reaction modulators are ammonium chloride, azide, o-phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, pyridoxal phosphate and/or malonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The epsilon -caprolactam, epsilon -caprolactam degradation or related intermediates include(s) epsilon -amino caproic acid, amino adipic acid, adipic acid and/or norleucine. The biomass generating medium is rich or defined. The biotransformation medium consists of epsilon -caprolactam, epsilon -caprolactam degradation and/or related intermediates; and optionally along with salts consisting of magnesium ion (Mg2+) and orthophosphate ion (PO4-3). EXAMPLE - Bacillus sphaericus, from the slant of caprolactam medium (CM) (in (g l-1): magnesium sulfate (0.70), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1), caprolactam (10) (pH 7.6)), was grown in CM that was previously sterilized at 15 pounds/square inch for 15 minutes. Samples were withdrawn from different flasks at periodic intervals to find Angstrom 600 nm and also assayed for lysine by method essentially given by Difco Manual of dehydrated culture media and reagents, Meites (1963). After 105 hours of incubation, L-lysine (11.2 mu g/ml) was formed matching during the log phase of the growth profile of the bacterial culture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic waste comprises 20-35 %mass of solid fats comprising 30% or more of saturated fatty acid. Preferred Method: The heating is carried out at 70 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electrolysis cell comprises: power supply; anode chamber containing an anode, where the anode is coupled to the power supply; anode-respiring bacteria coupled to the anode; and cathode chamber containing a cathode, the cathode being coupled to the power supply. The electrolysis cell is a microbial electrolysis cell; or biological electrolysis cell. The distribution mechanism comprises a gas-diffusion membrane, or pump; or is a manifold coupled to the pump. The anode comprises carbon fibers. The cathode comprises a graphite rod.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system further comprises an ion-exchange membrane adjacent to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. In the system, the anaerobic dehalogenating bacteria are present at the contamination site or are provided to the contamination site; and the anode chamber is configured for placement in the first or second subsurface zone, where the first subsurface zone is a dense non-aqueous phase liquid zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves detecting anaerobic dehalogenating bacteria at the contamination site; and providing anaerobic dehalogenating bacteria to the contamination site. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Organism: The isolated organism (A1) comprises Pseudozyma aphidis, Pseudozyma rugulosa, Pseudozyma sp., Rhodosporidium fluviale, Rhodosporidium paludigenum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula hordea, Rhodotorula ingenosa, Sporobolomyces ruberrimus, Tremella sp., Ustilago sp., Rhodosporidium toruloides, Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Leucosporidium scottii, Pseudozyma antarctica, Rhodosporidium sphaerocarpum, Rhodotorula muscorum, Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida tropicalis, Rhodosporidium diobovatum, and/or Chlorella protothecoides. The organism (A1) has the identifying characteristics of ATCC Patent Deposit Designation of PTA-11615 or PTA-11616 or PTA-11617 and mutant strains derived from it. Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the organism meets or exceeds at least three more of the metrics. The organism comprises organisms of a genus of Rhodosporidium, Pseudozyma, Tremella, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporoboiomyces, Ustilago, Cryptococcus, Leucosporidium, and/or Candida; or comprises organisms of a genus of Schizochytnum, Thraustochytrium, Ulkenia, Chlorella, and/or Prototheca. The method (M1) further involves feedstock where the feedstock comprises at least one organic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The defoaming agent is polypropylene glycol, soybean oil or peanut oil. The acid is phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The base is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The organic acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. The preservative is potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, dimethylbenzene or methylparaben.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The small-pore molecular sieve is a molecular sieve zeolite or a carbon molecular sieve with a maximum secondary crystallography free diameter of gas molecule size range. The zeolite molecular sieve is A-type, X-type, Y-type, and beta molecular sieves.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mechanical supporting inner layer and selective separating outer layer comprise 50-88 or 30-76% solvent from N,N'-dimethylformamide, N,N'-dimethylacetylamide, dimethylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, or dichloromethane; and 20-39% caliber adjusting agent from methyl alcohol, alcohol, glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or diglycol. The molecular sieve is present at 2-20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer can be polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyether ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyvinyl chloride, polyphenyl ether, polyimide, or polyamide. It is present at 10-30%. Preferred Method: The diameter of the solution port is 0.3-1.4 mm. The diameter of the inner casting solution port is 0.7-2.1 mm. The diameter of the outer casting solution port is 1.0-2.4 mm. The flow rate of the inner casting solution is 1-10 ml/minute. The flow rate of the outer casting solution is 0.1-3 ml/minute. The flow rate of core solution is 0.5-5 ml/minute. The wire drawing speed of the wire winding wheel is 2-100 m/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Vector: The vector is phox::hoxEFUYH. Preferred Sequence: The gene construct comprises a 6495 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 7) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Microorganism: The Cyanobacteria is Synechocystis sp. (PCC 6803) (ATCC NO: 27184). The host cell is Escherichia Coli. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The solution is heated to 60-150 degrees C for producing the gel. The pH of liquid added with alkali is adjusted to 9-13, and the liquid temperature is adjusted to 0-100 degrees C. The complex oxide is produced by baking at 700-900 degrees C in air. The complex oxide produces calcium oxide. Preferred Composition: The content of iron, manganese, silicon and titanium in the hydrotalcite-like compound is 0.1-3 mol%, each.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The drying temperature is 750-900 degrees C and the drying time is 48 hours or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The carbohydrate is high mannose type carbohydrate. Preferred Microorganism: The bacteria is chosen from Sulfolobus, Thermoplasma, Caldivirga, Thermosphaera, Pyrococcus, Picrophilus, and Fervidobacterium. The eukaryotic microorganism is Pichia pastoris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Protein: The glucosidase comprises (a) amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20, or (b) amino acid sequence exhibiting 85% or more sequence homology with amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20. The secretory signal sequence is alpha -factor secretory signal sequence. The mutant glucosidase comprises amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 or 56. The cellulase is a filamentous fungi-derived cellulase mixture, which is a mixture of Trichoderma-derived cellulase mixture. The hydrolyzate obtained using the enzyme composition is filtered through ultrafiltration membrane, and the enzyme composition is separated and recovered. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The pH of the acidic aqueous solution during generation of hydrogen is 1-3. The pH of alkaline aqueous solution during generation of hydrogen is 10-14. Preferred Component: The air electrode is a mixture of activated carbon and carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The amphoteric metal is chosen from aluminum, zinc, tin and lead. The amphoteric metal has a structure in which several reaction boards are superimposed on up-and-down layered form with fixed interval having inclination of 3-45 degrees with respect to horizontal surface. The reaction board has network structure or 1-30 through-holes per sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The feedstock is: nondensified biomass or nondensified cellulosic material; or straw including grass straw or cereal straw, where the straw is cut, processed and loaded (or metered) into a transportation vehicle (or gasifier) and transported in a nondensified form, and the processing of the straw comprises cutting the straw into lengths of 1-3 inches.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a gasifier combustion section, where the gasifier is structured so that the combustion section is located between the recirculation tube inlet and the feedstock inlet. The combustion occurs in the combustion section, and the combustion temperature is below 1400 degrees F. The syngas and char are recirculated through the recirculation tube. The syngas is separated from the char in a cyclone separator. The feedstock is initially deposited into a hopper and metered to the feedstock inlet by a conveyance system, which comprises an auger (44). The gasifier is structured as an essentially hollow vertically oriented cylinder, where the fuel gas is injected into a lower portion of the cylinder, and the syngas and char is produced from an upper portion of the cylinder. In the system or apparatus: the fuel gas (propane) is injected into the fuel gas inlet until the gasifier reaches a preselected operating temperature, and the injection of the fuel gas is then terminated and ignition of the feedstock is continuously self-sustaining.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the modified Family 5 cellulase or the enzyme mixture comprises growing the genetically modified microbe in a culture medium under conditions that induce the expression and secretion of the modified Family 5 cellulase and recovering an enzyme mixture comprising the modified Family S cellulase from the culture medium. Preferred Compound: The Family 5 cellulase is derived from a fungal strain. The substituted amino acid at position 363 is an alanine. Preferred Method: In the depilling process, the cellulose-containing goods are fabrics or garments. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal sheet is made of a material consisting of steel, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, metal of cubic crystal structure having centered faces or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Methanation catalyst contains ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fuel is liquefied petroleum gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: CO2 gas-absorption ceramics contain lithium compound, barium compound, and/or calcium oxide. Electrolyte contains ceria electrolyte material, lanthanum gallate electrolyte material, and/or proton electroconductive electrolyte material. Fuel cell is phosphoric acid or polymer type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The change of facet surface shape of gas hydrate crystal accompanying pressure reduction operation and gas partial pressure operation is observed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium content of the palladium/silver alloy is more than 70%, preferably more than 80%. The silver content of the palladium/silver alloy is 5-40%, preferably 5-20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction temperature is more than 300 degrees C, preferably more than 400 degrees C. A reaction pressure is at least 6 bar, preferably at least 8 bars. The thickness of the separating wall is determined in such a manner that it withstands a difference of the pressures on both sides of the separating wall occurring during the operation of the device. The separating wall is tubular as a separating tube formed from the palladium/silver alloy. The separating tube is provided in an inner space of a casing tube impermeable to hydrogen gas. At least one additional separating tube formed from the palladium/silver alloy is arranged in the inner space of the casing tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supplied fuel is a liquid, preferably kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fraction of the kerosene contains an increased portion of ethyl cyclohexane and/or methyl cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous alkali solution contains sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. By connecting the first conductor containing iron, zinc, magnesium, or aluminum, and second conductor containing platinum, palladium, nickel, titanium, gold, silver, copper, or graphite, and being immersed in aqueous alkali solution, the water in aqueous alkali solution is reduce and hydrogen gas is generated. The second conductor has larger surface area than the surface area of the first conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In methane-fermentation-treatment, the hydrophobic porous carrier which can carry microorganisms is immersed in the methane-fermentation liquid, methane-fermentation reaction is advanced, and the carrier is taken out. The carrier is carbon, preferably a carbon fiber non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The secondary solid-liquid separation unit is a flotation unit. Solid content is separated from high concentration organic wastewater extracted from primary separation unit. The fermenter has a temperature sensor for measuring tank internal temperature. The regeneration unit (A) has a relay tank (16) for storing solid component of organic waste, provided between separation units. The transfer of solid component from relay tank to fermenter is controlled by a control apparatus (42). The processing system has auxiliary unit other than regeneration unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: separating a liquid portion from the byproduct prior to the removing step, where the struvite is removed from the liquid portion; a struvite precipitator adapted to remove the volume of the struvite; separating a biosolid from a digester effluent of the anaerobic digestion step; separating a liquid portion from a digester effluent of the anaerobic digestion step; and reusing the liquid portion as recyclable water. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of the itaconic acid waste residue and the industrial waste water in the step (i) is 1:1, pH value is 5-7, the chemical oxygen demand is 80000-160000 mg/l and the temperature is 30-35 degrees C. The mixing solution in step (ii) is processed by anaerobic fermentation process for 30 days and the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is 30-35 degrees C. The methane obtained in the step (ii) is dehydrated by using a steam water separator and processed by desulfurization process by using a desulfurizing tower and then stored in a gas holder. The biogas obtained in the step (ii) is separated through a solid and liquid separator to obtain biogas liquid and dehydrated biogas. The biogas liquid is recycled in the mixed liquor in the step (i). The step (i) is processed in a waste water adjusting pool. The step (ii) is processed in an anaerobic reactor. Preferred Components: The itaconic acid waste residue is itaconic acid mycelium, itaconic acid protein slag and the mixture of the itaconic acid mycelium and itaconic acid protein slag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water-sludge mixture is alkaline; and does not need to add lime slurry to regulate pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are Moorella thermoaceticum, Thermoanaerobacter kivui, Moorella thermoacetica, Moorella thermoautotrophica, Moorella thermoaeticum, Moorella thermoautotrophicum, Thermoanaerobacter thermosaccharolyticum, and saccharophagus degradans, strain 2-40.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The metal comprises niobium, iron, and manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The liquid medium is a complex medium selected from complex dextrose based media, sea water media, soil extract media, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, surface runoff wastewater and naturally occurring waters containing detectable levels of nitrogen or phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substratum composition is selected from cotton, jute, hemp, manila, silk, linen, sisal, silica, acrylic, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The proteolysis processing method used the proteolytic microbe as a thermophilic proteolytic microbe, and makes the methane producer a thermophilic methane producer, and the temperature of the co-cultivation environment 50 degrees C or more. The thermophilic proteolytic microbes are microorganisms of the Coprothermobacter genus where the base sequence of 16S rRNA gene comes from the base sequence shown by fully defined 1461 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1), given in the specification, and where the Coprothermobacter genus has an acceptance number of FERM P-21909. The thermophilic methane producer is Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ester exchange reactor is a cylinder, where: the front half part is provided with the solid catalyst fixed bed, the bottom part is provided with the methyl alcohol distributor and the left upper part is provided with the raw material grease inlet. The upper opening of the cylinder is connected with the inlet of the vacuum pump and the right lower part is provided with a crude product discharge port. The heat exchanger is a tubular structure of the cylinder, where the left upper part is connected with the outlet of the vacuum pump and the bottom part is a reclaimed methyl alcohol discharge port. The middle upper part of the crude product separator is a cylinder structure, where: the lower part is a cone, the middle part on the left is provided with the crude product inlet, the right upper part is provided with the biodiesel discharge port, and the bottom part is provided with the crude glycerol discharge port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises administering the Bacillus subtilis FB17 to the seed of the plant to produce a greater biomass in the plant by 5-100% compared to an untreated plant; and administering the Bacillus subtilis FB17 to the seed of the rice plant prior to planting. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the Bacillus subtilis is 1x 106-1x 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/seed (claimed) by any suitable route.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In making arginine by fermentation of agro-wastes, the agro-waste comprises a source of carbon selected from Cassava bagasse, Jack fruit seed powder, and its mixtures. The agro-waste is a source of carbon produced by hydrolyzing starch-containing materials with a starch saccharifying enzyme. Source of carbon is produced by hydrolyzing at least one of Cassava bagasse, Jack fruit seed powder, and its mixtures, with a starch saccharifying enzyme. Fermentation is aerobic fermentation. It is conducted at a temperature within the range of from 20 degrees C to 50 degrees C, preferably from 30 degrees C to 32 degrees C. Fermentation is conducted at a pH within the range of 5 to 8, preferably pH is from 6 to 7. It is conducted for a period of time of from 12 hours to 2 weeks, preferably from 2 days to 6 days. The method further comprises adding a lactam antibiotic during fermentation during the fermenting process. In making L-arginine, enzymatically hydrolyzing the agro-wastes converts from 55 to 85% of the agro-waste to reducing sugars. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The solids are separated from crude tall oil by filtering, preferably pressure filtration, phase separation or by adding filtration aid to crude tall oil, before filtering of crude tall oil. Water is separated from solids-free crude tall oil by phase separation methods chosen from decantation, centrifugation and liquid coalescing process. The pH value of crude tall oil is adjusted to 1-3, before separating solids from crude tall oil. The pH value of crude tall oil or solids-free crude tall oil is lowered by acid washing or acidification using sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid or lactic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The filtration aid is cellulose, cellulose-containing chemical agent and/or chemical pulp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The Acinetobacter sp. ZJTK-006 strain (CGMCC No.3452) is obtained from bottom sediment of an eutrophication culture pond by separation and purification. Preferred Strain: The 16SrDNA of the Acinetobacter sp. ZJTK-006 strain comprises a 1500 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The complex bacterial preparation is prepared by mixing Acinetobacter sp. ZJTK-006, Bacillus cereus 1.1414 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1.2181 uniformly in the volume ratio of 1:1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The spiral biological fillers are long spiral strip-shaped structures formed by positively and negatively folding an arc structure in a columnar spiral surface, and an central angle of the arc structure is 60-120 degrees . The columnar spiral surface is 1-2 cm wide and 0.1-0.2 mm thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The distillation is performed at 0-120 degrees C and normal pressure or under reduced pressure. 12-15C tertiary amine is further added to the distillation liquid and a can liquid containing hydrogen fluoride and tertiary amine is obtained. A basic aqueous solution is contacted with the can liquid and tertiary amine is separate-recovered. Preferred Composition: The hydrogen fluoride trapping agent is N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. The t-amine is t-butylamine. The difluoroacetic acid is thermal decomposition product of 1-alkoxy-1,1,2,2-tetra-fluoroethane of formula: F2HC-CF2OR'.R'=monovalent organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes adding boron (0-0.000035 g), molybdenum (0-0.1 g), tungsten (0-0.015 g), manganese (0-0.002 g) and copper (0-0.002 g) to each kg of straw. Preferred Component: The nitrogen source is ammonia bicarbonate and/or urea. The straw comprises dried straw and ensiling straw. Preferred Parameter: The crushed dried straw has an average grain size of 20-40 meshes. The crushed ensiling straw has an average grain size of less than 2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fermentation involves total mixing type anaerobic fermentation process. The methane is used after gathering and purifying. The purified methane is applied to the preparation of vehicle gas fuel, pyroelectricity cogeneration project and the preparation of natural gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method, two kinds of oyster mushrooms Preurotus ostreatus native to Vietnam and Pleurotus Sajo Caju native to Japan or the two kinds of beech mushrooms Hipsizigus marmoreus native to Japan and China which are simultaneously cultivated on a substrate comprising crushed corn cores as main component; the mushroom-cultivation humus is used for the treatment when the hyphaes cover the substrate bag or have fungus peritheciums and are only crushed right before being mixed with soil; and the ratio of mushroom-cultivation humus mixed with soil having contamination level of 50 part per million (ppm) for dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4,5-T) acid, and 50 ppm for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro,1,3,5-triazine (hexogen, RDX), and 5000 parts per thousand (ppt) for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), is 5 wt.%, and when contamination level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD is over 10000 ppt, then the ratio increases for at least two times. The plants are only grown when over 95 wt.% of pollutants DDT, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T; 2,3,7,8-TCDD, TNT, RDX and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (octogen, HMX) are decomposed by the mushroom-cultivation humus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The straw ethanol waste matrix further comprises fermenting agent (0.1-0.5 mass%) that is added after adding lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The plating layer has thickness of 2-8 mu m. Preferred Composition: The amorphous plating layer is manufactured using a plating solution comprising (in g/L) hydrated nickel sulfate (NiSO4.6H2O) (40-80), hydrated sodium molybdate (NaMoO4.2H2O) (10-40), hydrated cobalt sulfate (CoSO4.7H2O) (1-10), hydrated sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) (10-60) and sodium carbonate (60-120).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalysts are hydrogen peroxide/ferrous sulfate/aluminum chloride, hydrogen peroxide/ammonium ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide/copper nitrate/sodium thiosulfate, potassium permanganate/ferrous sulfate, sodium dithionite, sodium dithionite/aluminum chloride, and/or ammonium persulfate/aluminum chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The phenol and its derivatives are phenyl hydroxide, bisphenol A, bisphenol S, paracresol, metacresol, resorcinol, catechol, alpha -naphthol, and/or beta -naphthol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polycondensate has a density of 1.22-1.35 g/ml at 20 degrees C. Preferred Method: The raw materials of the preparation of alkali lignin-phenol-sodium sulfanilate-methanal polycondensate comprises (pts.wt.) alkali lignin (5.0-20.0), alkaline regulators (0.2-1.8), sodium sulfites (0.5-10.0), phenol (4.5-11.5) and its derivatives, sodium sulfanilate (8.0-25.0), methanal (7.5-15.0), catalysts (0.3-1.8), and water (40.0-60.0). The alkali lignin is obtained by precipitating, separating, and extracting bamboo, bagasse, straw, wheat straw, Pennisetum purpureum, splendid achnatherum, Chinese oak, poplar, reed, birch, and/or Masson's pine by alkaline method or sulfate method. The alkaline regulators are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium dipolyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraborate, and/or sodium polyphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The calcium salt used for precipitating sulfate is calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and/or calcium chloride. The alkali used during ammonia removal is calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and/or sodium hydroxide. During ammonia removal, pH of anaerobic outflow water is regulated at 8.5-10.5. Ammonia removal is conducted by extraction or vacuum degasification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The raw materials are starch materials, such as cassava (dry), sweet potato (dry), corn, broomcorn, rice, and starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The driven roller is equipped with a filtration belt regulator. The filtration transmission belt is a seamless nylon screen. The water collecting and material distributing device is a box body without an upper cover. The top of the box body is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the top part of the filter box body and a clapboard is fixed inside the box body. One side of the bottom of the box body is provided with a material outlet. The processing machine comprises at least one pressure filtration roller.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises corn starch, tapioca starch and bentonite powder in the weight ratio of 6:3.5:0.5. The aromatic agent comprises rice hull powder and rice straw powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The igniting composition comprises barium nitrate, sodium nitrate and alum in the weight ratio of 8.5:1.2:0.3. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The temperature of the anoxic biochemical pool is 17-19 degrees C, anaerobic conserving is performed on the sludge for 4 days at room temperature, and the inoculating amount is 3l. The method involves enriching cultivation for 1-20 days, removing 50 ml of sewage mixture every day, statically depositing and exhausting the supernatant, and statically depositing the sludge in the membrane bioreactor for 30 minutes, removing the liquid using siphonage, where the supernatant volume fraction in the membrane bioreactor is 75%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dual-structure molecular sieve comprises (wt.%) phosphorus (0.3-4 preferably 0.5-3) and transition metal (0.2-1.5 preferably 0.5-1). The transition metal is iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, zinc, tin and/or bismuth. The AlPO4-5 is uniformly distributed on surface of ZSM-5 in dual-structure molecular sieve. The catalyst comprises (wt.%) modified ZSM-5/AlPO4-5 dual-structure molecular sieve (5-50 most preferably 15-35), adhesive (0.5-50 most preferably 2-35), and clay (5-90 most preferably 35-80). The adhesive comprises aluminum oxide, hydrated alumina, aluminum sol, silicon sol, aluminum silicate gel, aluminum silicate sol and/or their precursors. The clay comprises kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, halloysite, soapstone, rectonite, sepiolite, attapulgite, hydrotalcite and/or bentonite. Preferred Method: The contacting step is carried out at weight ratio of catalyst to methanol of 0.1-20 most preferably 1-5, at 100-500 most preferably 250-400 degrees C and at 0.1-10 preferably 1-4 MPa. The method of preparing gasoline with methanol also comprises separating gasoline from product obtained after contacting step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst (C1) further contains modifying component of more than one of potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, and fluorine. The total content of modifying agent is 0.01-0.5 wt.%. The alumina carrier has specific surface area of 40-200, preferably 100-200 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: Based on the total wt.% of catalyst (C1), the major active component i.e. Pd is at 0.1-1, preferably 0.1-0.5 wt.%; and the rare-earth component is at 0.05-3 wt.%. The weight ratio of Bi to Pd is 0.5-10, preferably 1-5. The rare-earth component is La and/or Nd.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant comprises (pts.wt.) sorbitan monooleate (18-36), and sorbitol glycerin ester polyoxyethylene ether (5-27). The cosolvent comprises (pts.wt.) n-octane (1-4), n-butyl alcohol (1-8), methyl cyclopentane (3-8), and isopropyl ether (1-6). The metal corrosion inhibitor comprises (pts.wt.) propiolic alcohol (1-10), inositol hexaphosphate (1-10), and N-methyl morpholine (1-6). The cetane number improver comprises (pts.wt.) dimethoxyethane (3-15), and dimethoxypropane (1-5). The lubrication additive comprises (pts.wt.) moderately polymerized alpha -olefin (1-5), 8C alpha -olefin (0-3), and 12C alpha -olefin (0-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural oil is bean oil, cotton seed oil, colza oil, tea oil, palm oil, Stillingia oil, Pistacia lentiscus oil, and/or smooth bark oil. The content of saturated fatty acid in the natural oil is not greater than 20 wt.%. The branch alcohol is isopropyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butyl alcohol, 2-amyl alcohol, 3-amyl alcohol, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl alcohol, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-butyl alcohol, 2-methyl-amyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-amyl alcohol, 4-methyl-1-amyl alcohol, 4-methyl-2-amyl alcohol, 2-hexyl alcohol, 3-hexyl alcohol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-amyl alcohol, 3,3-dimentyl-1-amyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-amyl alcohol, 3-ethyl-1-amyl alcohol, 4,4-dimethyl-2-amyl alcohol, and/or isooctyl alcohol. The catalyst used in step (A) is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, alkaline metal hydroxide, or alcohol salt of alkaline metal branch alcohol. The epoxy catalyst used in step (B) is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The water content of natural oil is not greater than 0.5 wt.%; and the acid value is smaller than 10. The branch alcohol used in step (A) and the formic acid used in the step (B) are used circularly. The biological diesel oil is bean oil, cotton seed oil, colza oil, sunflower seed oil, Stillingia oil, P. lentiscus oil, smooth bark oil, illegal cooling oil, or Kentucky Fried Chicken waste oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biomass material is processed at 70 degrees C, 120 degrees C, or 175 degrees C or less. The biomass material is agitated in a rotating vessel. The biomass material is agitated by passing gas through the material. The gaseous product of the pyrolysis reaction is re-circulated through the biomass material. The moisture content of the bio mass material is at least 10 weight/weight%. The method involves introducing restricted amount of air/oxygen (less than required for stoichiometric reaction with oxygen) during the pyrolysis reaction. The method is carried out on a continuous basis. The method further involves processing the resulting pyrolysed charred solid product by mixing the product in finely divided form with a binding agent, and compressing the mixture to form a compressed product. Preferred Components: The electromagnetic radiation comprises microwave frequency radiation. The biomass material comprises pieces having volume of 30 cm3 or less. The binding agent comprises starch binding agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The switch is an electric switch. High-temperature heat-insulating devices are installed on two ends of the cylindrical heating body in the high-temperature rotary heating body. The rotation shaft is horizontally connected with the synthetic tower. The cylindrical heating body is an electrical radiant heating pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The control switchgear comprises a detection device for detecting concentration of hydrogen sulfide, electromagnetic valve for controlling opening and closing of methane inlet pipeline of the wet desulphurization tower or the dry desulphurization tank, and controller for controlling on and off of electromagnetic valve with respect to the detected concentration of the hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The sewage discharging device comprises a hand washing pool, a bathing tub, a ground drainage, and a rainwater collecting pool. The defecating device comprises a toilet in the rest room, a urine groove in the public restroom and a defecating groove.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in nickel-phosphorus alloy electrodeposition film, is 10-20 %mass. Preferred Property: The roughness of nickel-phosphorus alloy electrodeposition film after roughening process is 0.3-3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The secondary pressure is a pressure which is reached when gas of amount corresponding to product of volume obtained by deducting volume of methane adsorbent from internal volume of tower (1), and multiplying factor with respect to atmospheric pressure of primary pressure, is supplied to tower (1). The tertiary pressure is a pressure which is reached when gas of amount corresponding to product of volume obtained by deducting volume of methane adsorbent from internal volume of tower (2), and multiplying factor with respect to atmospheric pressure of secondary pressure, is taken through exhaustion path.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system further comprises first solid-liquid separator for removing water from slurry-like biomass solid content provided at downstream side of the slurrying tank, and first return line for returning the isolated water from the solid-liquid separator to the slurrying tank. The system has biological treatment tank on the first return line, first saccharification tank, enzyme liquefaction tank and second saccharification tank. The system further has water separation apparatus for removing water from sugar liquid after solid separation, and second return line for returning the separated water from the water separation apparatus to the slurrying tank, where a biological treatment apparatus is located on the second return line. Preferred Components: The biological treatment tank treats the isolated water biologically from the first solid-liquid separator, and biologically-treated water is returned to the slurrying tank. The first saccharification tank saccharifies isolated solid content of biomass. The enzyme liquefaction tank is utilized for adding an enzyme to solid content of biomass, and performing enzyme liquefaction, where an enzyme liquid is saccharified with an enzyme in the saccharification tank. The second saccharification tank saccharifies slurry-like biomass solid content. The solid-liquid separator separates a solid portion from sugar liquid after saccharification. The unit (U1) is hydrothermal decomposition process unit, alkali decomposition process unit, and acidolysis process unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of corn straw to corn core is 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, or preferably 70:30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermally treated waste material feedstock is in the form of granules, pellets or prills suitable for conventional handling, transport or use. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Parameters: The volume ratio of the wooden compost and fully aged compost mixture is 3:1-7:1. Preferred Process: After carrying out primary fermentation, distillation lees from strong Okinawan liquor manufacture is added and secondary fermentation is performed. Organic refuse from domestic sources are used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: Methanol is used as solvent to extract brassinosteroid and brassinosteroid-like plant bioactive substance when manufacturing fatty acid methyl ester. The solvent having dielectric constant of 3-40 is chosen from ether type solvent, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone system solvent, ester solvent, alcohol solvent, and amine solvent. The ether type solvent is chosen from dipropyl ether, diethyl ether, wood ether, dihexyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dibutyl ether. The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon is chosen from chloropentane, butyl chloride, propyl chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, ethyl bromide, and methyl bromide. The halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon is chosen from chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and dibromobenzene. The ketone system solvent is chosen from methyl ethyl ketone, pentanone, hexanone, methylcyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, and dipropyl ketone. The ester solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, and diethyl malonate. The alcohol solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. The amine solvent is chosen from ethylamine, dipropyl amine, butylamine, dibutyl amine, pentylamine, ethylhexyl amine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, aniline, toluidine, piperidine, pyridine, and morpholine. ACTIVITY - Plant growth stimulant; Insect repellent. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic complex oxide carrier further contains alumina having crystalline diameter of 3 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic multidentate ligand is chosen from polyol, acetoacetate and polycarboxylic acid, preferably 5C or more diol. The fuel oil is kerosene fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The electrodes comprise a corrosion resistant conductive metal or alloy, where the electrodes comprise palladium, platinum, and/or gold. The insulator comprises one or more dielectric or non-conductive materials selected from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicon dioxide, glass, quartz, porcelain, ceramic, and plastic. The water used comprises purified water, distilled water, tap water, and/or reclaimed water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameter: In the apparatus for performing electrolysis of water, the angle formed between the upper surface of the upper electrode and the surface of the water is less than 30 degrees . The angle is less than 5 degrees . The upper surface of the magnet is less than 0.06 inch from the lower electrode. The electrode assembly meets the magnet at an angle of 0-5 degrees . The magnet comprises a rare earth element, where the magnet comprises Neodymium Iron Boron or Samarium Cobalt, where the magnet has a pull of 100-350 pounds, and where the magnet has a residual induction or flux density of 10000-14000 gauss, preferably 11500-12500 gauss. The electrodes include openings, holes or pores, where the electrodes comprise a wire mesh with a mesh size of 16-48 mesh. The electrodes are connected to a power supply providing 50-150 V direct current at 1-5 amps. The water level is 0.1-1 inch above the upper surface of the upper electrode. The temperature of the water is 15-50?C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Monofluoromethane is recovered by liquefying a portion of thermal-decomposition product and separating monofluoromethane. Liquefaction is carried out by cooling to -80 degrees C to -5 degrees C. Or, monofluoromethane is recovered by absorbing difluoroacetic acid fluoride using an inactive solvent with respect to difluoroacetic acid fluoride. The solvent is a hydrocarbon compound. Or, monofluoromethane is recovered by contacting with a compound active with respect to difluoroacetic acid fluoride, in the presence of a solvent and an alkali. The compound is water, alcohol, primary amine, secondary amine, or ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic ester. The thermal decomposition temperature is 100-400 degrees C, preferably 130-260 degrees C. Difluoroacetic acid fluoride is separated while obtaining monofluoromethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The thermal-decomposition catalyst is metal oxide, partially fluorinated metal oxide, metal fluoride, and/or optionally fluorinated phosphoric acid or phosphate, preferably alumina, partially fluorinated alumina, or aluminum fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal wire part contains metal chosen from copper, nickel, silver or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating region of the screw conveyor has a flow connection to the storage tank for the organic substrate, through which escaping steam flows into the storage tank from the heating region. The hollow shaft of the screw conveyor exhibits an end dipping into the storage tank, preferably a valve-controlled transfer opening for dispensing hot steam into the storage tank. The hydrolyzer in the loading device leads to a metering device, which is used for sufficient washing of the organic substrate before introducing into the hydrolyzer. The device is provided with a heat exchanger for heating the process water, which is in thermal contact with the expander tank. The loading device has a pressure container, which has a valve-controlled connection line arranged next to a valve-controlled loading line for the hydrolyzer to produce a temperature- and pressure balance with the hydrolyzer. The storage tank is upstream to a storage hopper with a transport conveyor, where the exhaust steam is guided from the storage tank to the storage hopper. Preferred Method: The dry substrate is heated or steamed in the screw conveyor, which absorbs the heat of condensation of the hot steam at temperatures of up to 70 degrees C, preferably up to 100 degrees C. A part of the thermal energy resulting during the pressure release of the substrate is used for preheating the process water, and the substrate is metered in a defined amount prior to the thermal pressure hydrolysis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N,N'-dihalohydantoin is N,N'-diiodo-5,5-dialkyl hydantoin, N,N'-dibromo-5,5-dialkyl hydantoin or N,N'-dichloro-5,5-dialkyl hydantoin. The aromatic compound optionally contains alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, hydroxy, dialkylamino, diarylamino, dialkylphosphino, dialkylphosphinyl, diarylphosphino or diarylphosphinyl as substituent, and is benzene derivative, binaphthyl derivative, biphenyl derivative, or triarylamine derivative. The halogenated aromatic compound is chosen from formulae (I)-(VI).X=H, I, Br, or Cl, at least one being halo;R=1-8C alkyl;andAr=aryl.The Lewis acid is a metal halide or organosulfonic acid metal salt or semi-metal halide or organosulfonic-acid semi-metal salt,. The metal is aluminum, scandium, titanium, iron, zinc, zirconium, niobium, indium, tin and/or bismuth. The semi-metal is boron and/or silicon. EXAMPLE - (In mg) anisole (54.1), N,N'-diiodo-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin (93) and aluminum chloride (3.3) were reacted at room temperature. Saturated sodium sulfite aqueous solution was added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was quenched, filtered and the crude product was concentrated to obtain 2-iodoanisole and 4-iodoanisole with yield of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The fermentation liquid is a mixture containing alcohol, oil content, residual sugar, protein and thallus fragments obtained by press filtering of a plate and frame type filter press after the restaurant-kitchen garbage alcohol is fermented. The flocculant is tannin or gelatin. The fiber ball-quartz sand compound filter column is made of organic glass, which is 20-30 cm long and 3-5 cm in diameter. Fiber balls are filled in upper layer while quartz sand is filled in the lower layer of the column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microalgae are spirulina or green algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method comprises absorbing upper layer liquid to leave microalgae mud, adding fresh reaction catalyst and composite cosolvent, uniformly stirring, ester exchanging for second period at room temperature, adding reaction ending agent, collecting upper layer liquid, extracting, and obtaining microalgae biodiesel. The production comprises adding microalgae (0.5 g) into composite cosolvent (5-15 ml), and adding reaction ending agent after reacting for 1 hour. Preferred Components: The composite cosolvent is toluene-methanol series at volume ratio of 2:1-4:1, dichloromethane-methanol series at volume ratio of 1:1-2:1. The reaction catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The reaction ending agent is hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step of preparing the emulsifying liquid comprises mixing a surfactant, a film reinforcing agent and a solvent in a volume ratio of 2-6:4-10:84-94 to obtain an oil phase, feeding the oil phase into a emulsion maker, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (15-18%) as an aqueous phase and stirring the mixture for 20-30 minutes at a speed of 2000-3000 revolutions/minute to prepare a stable water in oil emulsifying liquid, where volume of the oil phase is once or twice the volume of aqueous phase. The liquid-film extracting step comprises mixing the emulsifying liquid with the fenoxaprop waste water and extracting, where the volume of emulsified liquid added is 15-20% of the waste water, and treating the extract for 30-60 minutes at a speed of 100-150 revolutions/minute to separate the layer, where the lower aqueous phase layer is transported to a biochemical treating device and the upper layer of extracted phase is transported into a static demulsifying device. The demulsification of the extracted phase is carried out by using the static emulsifying device, where the liquid-film extract is divided into an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the upper oil phase layer circulating sleeve is used for preparing the emulsified liquid and the lower aqueous phase layer recycling sleeve is used for condensing fenoxaprop.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is Span-80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate), L-113A and/or L-113B. The film reinforcing agent is liquid paraffin, glycerol and/or polybutadiene. The solvent is aviation kerosene, sulfonated kerosene, hydrogenated kerosene and/or dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises a solid phase material which is resistant to calcination or laser etching. The average granularity of the gold nanoparticle is less than 300 nm, preferably 1-100 nm in the inkjet water soluble ink containing gold nanoparticle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2,4,7,9-tretamethyl-5-nonyne-4,7-diol, 1,1,1-trihydroxyl methyl propane, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or polyvinyl pyridine. The polymer dispersant is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and epoxypropane, copolymer of ethylene oxide and epoxy butane, a crosslinking composition of gelatin and glutaraldehyde, a copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, ethylene oxide adduct of ethylene glycol, a cellulose derivative, a copolymer resin of styrene and propylene, polybutyl resin or acrylic resin. Preferred Method: The calcining process is carried out at more than 250 degrees C, preferably 400-1200 degrees C for more than 5 hours, preferably 6-12 hours. The inkjet water soluble ink containing gold nanoparticle is prepared by adding the water soluble co-solvent (10-50%) into the polymer dispersant till the polymer dispersant is completely dispersed, adding the gold nanoparticle, double distilled water and surfactant, and ultrasonically heating, pre-dispersing and condensing in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for 0.5-24 hours at 10-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A sewage tunnel extending to the transfer tank and connected with it is arranged by the sewage collection tank. The sewage tunnel is provided with a gate, where one side of the sewage collection tank is provided with a sewage inlet. The sewage transferring pipe is provided with multiple downward output ends, which are arranged separately. The electric mixing blades are mounted in the modification tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises (pts. wt.): liquid paraffin (20), hydrogen peroxide (7), tertbutanol (40), glycerol (25), and ferrocene (8). The wt. ratio of additive to alcohol group is 30:70. The alcohol group is formed by mixing methanol, ethanol or propanol. The volume ratio of alcohol group is 70-00%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by preparing Schiff base and preparing earth coordination compound. The Schiff base is prepared by back flowing absolute ethanol solutions on 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde and thiosemicarbazone (1:1) at 70-80 degrees C for 4 hours; cooling to separate out white solid; filtering; cleaning with alcohol for three times; and drying obtained solid in a vacuum drying box for 4-6 hours. The earth coordination compound is prepared by slowly dropping methanol solution of hydrated lanthanide nitrates into hot absolute ethanol solution of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone Schiff base; stirring and back flowing for 2-4 hours, dropping 8-oxyquinoline or absolute ethanol solution of 8-oxyquinoline derivative; continuously stirring and back flowing for 2-4 hours, where the mole ratio of hydrated lanthanide nitrate to Schiff base to 8-oxyquinoline or 8-oxyquinoline derivative is 1:1:3; cooling to a room temperature; filtering; cleaning for three times with absolute ethanol and deionized distilled water; and drying formed compound for 4-8 hours. Preferred Components: The 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde and the thiosemicarbazone-ethanol solution have concentrations of 0.5-2 mol/l. The methanol solution of the rare nitrate has concentration of 0.2-2 mol/l. The ethanol solution of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone Schiff base has concentration of 0.1-1.8 mol/l. The ethanol solution of the 8-oxyquinoline or its derivative has concentration of 0.1-1.8 mol/l. The earth ternary coordination has average grain size of 50-500 nm. Preferred Definition:    Ln=La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Pm3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Y3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+;    Hq, HqM and HqS=quinoline-containing compound of formula (II);    R1=H for formula Hq, donor radical such as Me for formula HqM, and electron withdrawing group such as sulfo group or NO2 for formula HqS; and    R2=H.    ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glacial acetic acid with sodium chloride in step (i) is preferably 1 wt.%. The volume ratio of the anti-coagulant of fresh pig blood and glacial acetic acid with sodium chloride (0.5-2 wt.%) is 1:5 and the digestion is carried out for 4 hours at 115 degrees C. The protease is 537 protease. The carrier is medical filler, diluent, lubricant and/or flavoring agent. Preferred Method: The volume ratio of the solution obtained by the digestion and acetum is 1:6; the concentration of the acetum is 10-30 wt.%; the amount of protease is 0.5 wt.% of the reaction solution; enzymolysis is carried out for 48 hours at 60 degrees C in the stirring state with rotation speed of 60 revolution/minutes. The precipitate separated in step (iii) is dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The composition is a tablet containing (in wt.%) chlorhematin (3-8, preferably 4.5), zinc gluconate (2-5, preferably 3.75), vitamin C (2-5, preferably 3.75), lactose (30-70, preferably 50), microcrystalline cellulose (0.5-3.8, preferably 2), cane sugar (20-50, preferably 35.3), magnesium stearate (0.1-1, preferably 0.5) and washing powder (0.1-0.5, preferably 0.2). ACTIVITY - Antianemic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quat. ammonium salt type phase transfer catalyst is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, or hexadecyl triethyl ammonium bromide. The solvent is toluene, acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane, methylethyl phenone, glycol dimethyl ether, or dioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is dodecyl calcium bensosulfonate, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polyglycosides, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, phenethyl polyoxyethylene ether, dibenzyl biphenyl polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The deformer is phenethyl alcohol oleate, polydimethylsiloxane, isooctanol, emulsified silicone oil or glycerol polyoxypropylene ether. The freeze proof agent is ethanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbic alcohol or urea. The thickener is xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and aluminum silicate. The solvent is methyl-esterified colza oil, methyl-esterified soybean oil, methyl-esterified cotton seed oil, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, acetone, cyclohexanone, alcohol, diesel oil, kerosene, aromatic hydrocarbon oil containing 10C or purified water. The cosolvent is ethanediol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, n-butyl alcohol or glyceryl oleate. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing (in wt.%) tebuconazole (1-40), alpha -L-terpineol (1-40), surfactant (1-20), freeze proof agent (0-15), cosolvent (0-15), defoamer (0-5), solvent (1-40, preferably 1-30), thickener (0-5) and purified water and stirring the obtained mixture uniformly at the normal temperature. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The distance of the partition wall forming the downstream perfused compartment in relation to the distance of the partition wall forming the upstream perfused compartment increases with the increasing dry-substance content. The ratio of the distance of the partition wall forming the downstream perfused compartment to the distance of the partition wall forming the upstream perfused compartment is 1:3 at a dry-substance content of less than 2 wt.%, or 1:2 at a dry-substance content of 2-5 wt.%, preferably 1:1 at a dry-substance content of 5 wt.%, or 2:1 at a dry-substance content of 10-15 wt.%, or 3:1 at a dry-substance content of 15-20 wt.%. Preferred Method: The partition walls are extended over the entire width of the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a water interconnection between the system and a water supply. The electrolyzer is of high or low pressure, and further comprises: a self-contained electrolyte recovery and regulation system; and a system to manage and remove remaining electrolytic compounds. The facility for underground storage of hydrogen gas further comprises a large air compressor or multiple air compressors in combination with a large heat exchanger or multiple heat exchangers. The underground storage facility for underground storage of hydrogen gas further comprises: an empty petroleum or natural gas well, an empty salt mine, an empty aquifer or other artificial or natural empty underground well, where the underground storage facility may be reinforced by concrete above and below ground; a safety valve located apart from the main production facilities; and an outlet for hydrogen gas for distribution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sub-cooling refrigerant is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additional compound consists of trifluoromethane, monofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, propylene, propane, monofluoroethane, perfluoropropane, isobutane, n-butane and perfluoropropene. The pre-cooling refrigerant comprises carbon dioxide (47-57%) mixed with a hydrofluorocarbon consisting of monofluoromethane (43-53%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filter screen is arranged on pipe orifice of the low-pressure reflow pipe at one end of the aerobic tank. The reflux valve is arranged on pipe orifice at one end of the anaerobic tank. The one end of the high-pressure reflow pipe between the aerobic acidifying tank and the fertilizer drawing tank is connected with the inner cavity of the aerobic acidifying tank, while the other end is connected with the inner cavity of the fertilizer drawing tank. The one end of the fertilizer drawing pipe is installed at the bottom of the anaerobic tank, while the other end penetrating the top plate of the anaerobic tank is connected with the flash gate of the fertilizer drawing tank. The fertilizer drawing device is arranged in the fertilizer drawing pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is of mixed type formed by mixing component (I) obtained by supporting heteropolyacid on inorganic oxide support, and component (II) obtained by supporting palladium and/or platinum on inorganic oxide support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises 0.01-1% of the total mixture. The catalyst is doped at 1-5%. The catalyst has a band gap of 3.2-2.2 ev. The catalyst is doped with sulfur, metal or metalloid, nitrogen or oxygen, anionic material. The catalyst is in anatase phase or rutile phase. The catalyst has particle size of 2-20 nm; comprises surface area of 140-160 m2g-1; and has a pore volume of 1-3.5 ml/g. The catalyst is dispersed on a support surface comprising of silica, alumina and/or zeolite; is used in a powder form or in a slurry form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic source is acidic oil. The organic alcohol has 1-5 carbons. The organic alcohol comprises 1-5% of mixture. The organic alcohol is ethanol. The cloud point of the biofuel is less than 32 degrees C. The cetane number of the biofuel is 60. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out for 2-10 minutes. EXAMPLE - Oil of Jatropha (100 ml) was mixed with ethyl alcohol (5 ml) and oil S-doped TiO2 nano particles (1.3 wt.%) in a glass beaker and stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. After five minutes the sample was taken and tested using GC/MS and FTIR. The catalyst conversion of 98% was achieved with 1-2% soap formation. The produced biofuel was tested in an engine; no SOxs and NOxs were detected in the engine exhaust. The fuel was prepared and tested for emission according to EPA 1991 certification. Hot start transient emissions were measured using standard EPA transient test cycle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nickel-based catalyst solution is the solution prepared from at least one of nickel nitrate, nickel acetate and nickel chloride. The mass percentage of the nickel ions in the nickel-based catalyst solution is 3-10%. The activated carbon is prepared with any one of charcoal, bamboo charcoal, husk and high-quality coal as the raw material. The activated carbon is soaked in the nickel-based catalyst solution for 8-24 hours. The drying operation is performed at 80-105 degrees C. The drying time is 16-24 hours. The roasting time is 1-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises guiding a second material and a first dehydrated and cracked material produced into a second extruder for chemical reaction; and guiding a chemical reaction product and residue produced by the second extruder to an extraction tank for extracting the chemical reaction product. The first wet material comprises algae slurry; and the second material comprises an alcohol material. The chemical reaction product comprises esters. The second extruder is used for conducting esterification reaction to obtain esters. The fluid comprises liquid state carbon dioxide fluid with temperature of - 56.6-31.1 degrees C and pressure of greater than 5.18 bars. It comprises supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with temperature of greater than 31.1 degrees C and pressure of greater than 73 bars.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stirring revolution is 300-800 rpm. The washing step is to wash by distilled water. The mass concentration of the concentration sulfuric acid is greater than 96%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid isolate in step (B) is conveyed to a centrifugal separator to separate into oil and wastewater; and the oil is conveyed to an oil storage tank and the wastewater is conveyed to a fermentation tank. The bran powder is rice bran or unit bran. The fermentation temperature in step (D) is 25-30 degrees C and the time is for 32-42 hours. The material is turned once in every 8-16 hours during the fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bamboo chip in fuel is 70-100 (preferably 80-100)%. Preferred Process: The method comprises sending particle to cooling-screening machine, cooling particle, screening particle, with temperature of particle during cooling of more than 50 degrees C, and crushing rate at less than 2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The enriching culture medium comprises (g/L) diammonium sulfate (0.5), disodium salt (2.17), and 50 mL Vickers salt solution having a pH of 7.2. The Vickers salt solution comprises (g/L) dipotassium phosphate (5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (2.5), sodium chloride (2.5), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) (0.05), and manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (0.005).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bromothymol blue flat plate comprises (g/L) agar-agar (20), potassium nitrate (1), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1), FeSO4.7H2O (0.5), calcium chloride (0.2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (1), sodium succinate 8.5, and bromothymol blue (0.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: About 0.8-1.2 pts. vol. of butyl alcohol or capryl alcohol is added into mixed fuel. Potassium chloride (0.8-1.2 kg) are added into 100 L of mixed fuel. Cosolvent comprising (pts. vol.): n-butyl alcohol (1-1.2) and isoamyl alcohol (0.3-0.4) is added into mixed fuel. About 4-6 pts. vol. of n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isooctyl alcohol or isoamyl alcohol is added into mixed fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroprocessing unit utilizes a catalyst comprising cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum and/or noble metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pyrolysis unit is further operable for co-pyrolyzing the non-triglyceride fraction with a secondary biomass, where the secondary biomass is triglyceride containing biomass, lignocellulosic biomass and/or cellulosic biomass. The steam-reforming unit is operable for co-reforming a portion of the monoesters with the triglycerides to yield bio-derived hydrogen, where the co-reforming is done either sequentially or in parallel. The system further comprises: a stripping unit for stripping carbon monoxide from the bio-derived hydrogen; and a Fischer-Tropsch unit that utilizes at least some of the bio-derived hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon products of the first and second type generated by the system are generation 1 biofuels, generation 2 biofuels, biolubricants and/or biologically-derived petrochemicals. The hydrocarbon products of the first and second type generated by the system are provided via multiple product streams.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation catalyst does not contain rare-earth element. The carrier of hydrogenation catalyst is porous inorganic oxide carrier. The light oil mixture is obtained by mixing biodiesel fuel and light oil. Preferred Process: The obtained hydrogenation-processed material is further mixed with light oil. Preferred Condition: The hydrogenation reaction is performed at pressure of 1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The metal complex is obtained by reacting metal salt(s) of the specified metals, dicarboxylic acid compound (I), and organic ligand in a solvent, and depositing a metal complex. Preferred Compounds: The dicarboxylic acid compound is terephthalic acid, 2-methoxyterephthalic acid, or 2-nitroterephthalic acid. The organic ligand is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and/or 4,4'-bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl. The metal ion is zinc ion. EXAMPLE - (In g) zinc nitrate hexahydrate (4.37), 2-nitroterephthalic acid (3.1), and 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene (1.72) were dissolved in mixed solvent (600 mL) of N,N-dimethylformamide and benzene, and stirred for 24 hours, to obtain a metal complex containing dicarboxylic acid compound, metal ion, and bidentate ligand in a ratio of 2:2:1. The metal complex was filtered, washed with methanol thrice, and dried to obtain the target metal complex (4.21) with a yield of 73%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw materials are crushed until the diameter of the material reaches not greater than 15 mm, and moisture content reaches not greater than 30%. The synthetic tower, and the synthetic tower portion are comprises a high-temperature rotary heating portion (5), clamping sleeve (2) above the high-temperature rotary heating portion which passes through the upper wall of the synthetic tower portion, connected with a second material storehouse (3) which is provided with a mixer (4), first material storehouse (7) is formed above the second material storehouse, and connected with a conveyor belt (9) of the belt conveyor. The residue outlet on the bottom of the synthetic tower portion is provided with a residue outlet propeller (6), and the lower ends of the first material storehouse and the second material storehouse are provided with switches (8). The switch is an electric switch. The two ends of a columnar heating portion in the high-temperature rotary heating portion are provided with high-temperature heat stoppers, and the rotating shaft is transversely connected with the synthetic tower portion. The columnar heating body is a radial electric heating pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Decomposition products are saccharide, glucose, lactic acid and/or acetic acid. Preferred Process: Methane fermentation of decomposition product is performed in subcritical state water at 180-260 degrees C for 1-10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biomass fuel is formed using coconut husk. Mixing is performed using secondarily crushing unit. The amount of biomass fuel with respect to refuse is 20-50%. Chloroethylene is removed by irradiating infrared ray, blowing air and classifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic waste is stored in the separation tank for 3-72 hours. The method further involves precipitating calcium containing foreign substances, and removing the foreign substances by specific gravity difference. The method involves discharging precipitated foreign substances from bottom portion of the separation tank. The method involves washing the foreign substances precipitated at the bottom portion by supplying liquid between the separation tank or two opening and closing unit (32,22). The method involves opening upstream opening and closing unit, closing downstream opening and closing unit, and precipitating the calcium containing foreign substances, closing the upstream opening and closing unit, opening the downstream opening and closing unit, and discharging the foreign substances. Preferred Unit: The unit further comprises an opening and closing unit by which opening and closing of the discharge flow path is adjusted, liquid supply unit (34) for washing precipitated foreign substances, and unit for sorting a material formed substantially in up and down direction of the separation tank, where the region of insertion opening vicinity of organic waste and region of outflow port vicinity of the storage liquid inside upper side of the tank are partitioned off. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: a lubricant including polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oil, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic naphthenes or poly(alpha) olefins; a tracer including HFCs, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated HFCs, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and/or nitrous oxide; at least one component including compatibilizers (including polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers or 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes), UV fluorescent dyes, solubilizing agents, odor masking agents or additives (including stabilizers, free radical scavengers or antioxidants).The composition is an azeotropic or near-azeotropic composition comprising HFC-1234yf (1-99, preferably 91 wt.%) and HFC-152a (99-1, preferably 9 wt.%) at a pressure of 17.9 psi (123 kPa) and a temperature of -25 degrees C. The azeotropic or near azeotropic combination is a combination comprising: HFC-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and n-butane (1-30 wt.%); HFC-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and isobutene (1-40 wt.%); HFC-1234yf (1-70 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and dimethylether (1-98 wt.%); or HFC-1234yf (1-98 wt.%), HFC-152a (1-98 wt.%) and HFC-1225ye (1-98 wt.%).In the composition, the additive is present at 0.01-5 wt.%. Preferred Components: The additive includes nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites or lactones. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) (80); and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) (20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Device: The first sulfur removal system includes a reaction furnace and at least one catalytic reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The powders are iron-rich sludge produced by treating red clay, limonite ore, industrial pure iron trioxide, hematite ore, or fume of steel work. They are in the particle size of 200-320 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of coal tar adhesive agent is 30-50 %mass of coal powder. Asphalt is added when the self adhesiveness of raw material coal is lower, in an amount of 5-15 wt.% of coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light aerating container can be an aerating bottle made of thin iron sheets or an aerating bag made of chemical fiber or asbestos which cannot be burnt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first, second and the third catalysts are copper based.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method makes use of at least one further third catalyst with average activity and average long term stability in at least two reaction steps. At least two reaction steps are integrated in a cycle for unconverted synthesis gas. At least one further catalyst containing reaction step as a pre-reactor for partial conversion of synthesis gas to methanol, is arranged before the synthesis gas cycle in a fluidically connected manner, where the catalyst exhibits lower activity than in the first reaction step, which is connected fluidically within the synthesis gas cycle. After the synthesis gas cycle, at least one further catalyst containing reaction step as a post-reactor for partial conversion of synthesis gas to methanol, is arranged in a fluidically connected manner, where the catalyst has a higher activity than in the final reaction step, which is connected fluidically within the synthesis gas cycle. The synthesis gas cycle comprises two reaction steps, where the reaction of the synthesis gas is carried out first in a water-cooled reactor (13) and subsequently in a gas-cooled reactor (6). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The domestic sewage generated from village beside lake and production and domestic waste are directly discharged into lake without treatment, subsequently chemical oxygen demand concentration of domestic sewage is lower than 500 mg/l. Preferred Method: The method uses novel domestic sewage and organic waste combined processing mode, in which certain amount of organic waste including crop straw, domestic animal manure, and kitchen waste is added into acid producing reactor to realize co-existence of water phase and solid phase of acid producing reactor. The acid forming bacteria is used for decomposing organic waste to ensure relatively high organic matter concentration of water discharged from acid producing reactor. The water discharged from acid producing reactor passes through regulating pond and enters into methane producing reactor; and by anaerobic fermentation of methane producing bacteria, methane is generated for farmer, and methane slag generated from acid producing reactor can be directly applied to effective compost and green agriculture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sorting system comprises a flat belt conveyer, an induced air device installed on lower part of the feeding end of the flat belt conveyer, a blower device installed above the flat belt conveyer, picking chambers provided with at least two picking operators and located under the air outlet device uniformly and a falling hopper for loading the waste garbage fixedly installed under the sorting belt conveyer. The induced air device of the sorting system comprises a draught fan and an induced air pipe. The induced air pipe is connected with the lower part of the flat belt conveyer. The air outlet direction of the induced air pipe is opposite to the conveying direction of the flat belt conveyer. The air outlet device comprises an axial fan and an air pipe which are connected. The axial fan produces air current to blow the garbage odor on the flat belt conveyer by the air pipe. The air outlet direction faces lower part of the flat conveyer. The belt scale comprises a scale frame and a weighing sensor which are installed on two ends of the belt ring of the flat belt conveyer. The weighting sensor is fixed on the scale frame. The scale frame and weighting sensor are located in the front of the picking chamber. A speed-measuring sensor and a weighing sensor fixed on the scale frame are installed on the belt ring of the flat belt conveyer in the feeding end of the belt scale according to the conveying direction. The material passes through the picking chamber, the speed-measuring sensor and weighing sensor fixed on the scale frame installed in the belt ring in turn. The weighing sensor is close to the discharging end of the belt scale.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The anaerobic particle sludge is a particle sludge generated in the upward-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in a waste water processing factory. The amount of the solid biomass waste added in the hydrolyzation and acidification unit is 85 vol.% of the volume of the total volume.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Internal isolating plates are uniformly arranged in the hydrolysis acidification roller at intervals, in which the internal isolating plates are connected with the internal wall of the hydrolysis acidification roller and the rotating shaft and is perpendicular to the bottom of the hydrolysis acidification roller. A heat exchanger is arranged on the refluxing pipe. A sampling hole is opened on the container body, in which the sampling hole is located on the container wall between the refluxing water collecting pipe and the refluxing water distributing pipe. A temperature probe is arranged on the container body, in which the temperature probe is located on the container wall between the refluxing water collecting pipe and the refluxing water distributing pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Material: The Saccharomycetes is Sporotrichum thermophile. The Actinomycetes is Streptomyces jingyanesis. The phosphorus-degrading bacteria is Bacillus megaterium. The potassium-degrading bacteria is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The weight ratio of Saccharomycetes, Actinomycetes, phosphorus-degrading bacteria and potassium-degrading bacteria is (40-60):(20-30):(10-20):(3-10). In the mycorrhizal fungi fungicide, the weight ratio of Glomus mosseae to Glomus etunicatum is (1-4):(2-6). Preferred Method: The fermentation is carried out for 25-40 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The full-value nutrient element comprises (pts.wt.) potassium nitrate (40-50), magnesium sulfate (30-40), monopotassium phosphate (10-15), manganese sulfate (0.13-0.15), boric acid (0.14-0.16), zinc sulfate (0.013-0.015), copper sulfate (0.013-0.015), sodium molybdate (0.01-0.015), and iron-sodium EDTA (1-1.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A pulse reactor, a pulse water distributor and a pre-acidifying sludge discharging device are installed in the hydrolyzing and pre-acidifying reactor. A water distributor, an anaerobic sludge discharging device, a three-phase separator and an inner-outer circulation pipe are installed in the anaerobic reactor. A gas-liquid separator is installed on the upper part. An outer reflux pump is installed on the outer side. The outer reflux pump is connected with the anaerobic reactor by the pipe. The three-phase separator is divided into an upper part and a lower part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The diameter of the fermenting tank is 0.5-2.0 m, and the height is 1.5-3 m. The proportion of the heights of the upper and lower layers is 6:1-4:1, and the diameter of the sieving hole is 0.25-1.00 cm. Another valve is a three-way valve, one input end is connected through the air storage bag, and the other input end is connected through the air/methane storage tank. The output end is connected through the air compressor. Multiple temperature probes are mounted on the inner wall of the tank body and are distributed on the air buffer chamber and the reaction cabin. The maximum volume of the air storage bag is double of that of the fermenting cabin of the dry fermenting device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating disk pipe is connected with a heat conductive oil control valve and a heat conductive oil thermometer, where the heat conductive oil control valve controls the entry and exit of the heat conductive oil. The heating disk pipe is connected with a steam control valve, a pressure meter and also connected with a steam trap for discharging the steam, where the steam control valve controls the entry of the steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material of the inner and outer walls of the methane generator is replaced by the plastic or the PVC material, and the plastic or the PVC material on the inner wall is not treated in an anti-corrosive mode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The oligosaccharide is obtained by (1) decoloring the sugar liquid with activated carbon, absorbing the obtained product with ion exchange resin to remove the impurity in the sugar liquid, decoloring and absorbing the obtained material with light transmission of 70% or more, and adjusting pH of the obtained product to 3-7, (2) purifying sugar liquid with nanometer filter device at 20-40 degrees C to obtain product having sugar concentration of 15-30%, pH value of 3-7, and oligosaccharide content of 95% or more, and (3) concentrating the obtained product to form oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide is obtained by (1) mixing sugar slag and water in the ratio of 1:5-8, adding sodium hydroxide to obtained product for adjusting alkali degree to 1-8%, and uniformly stirring the obtained product, (2) heating the prepared material at 50-100 degrees C for 1-5 hours, and dissolving the obtained product, (3) extracting obtained product, separating residue from the obtained extract to obtain crude oligosaccharide solution and the oligosaccharide residue having water content of 60-80%, (4) heating the rough oligosaccharide to 50-100 degrees C, and adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the obtained product to 2-7, (5) separating the obtained product, washing obtained product with water, and obtaining highly purified oligosaccharide containing 60-80% of water content, and (7) drying the obtained product using air flow dryer, and obtaining the oligosaccharide. The ethanol is obtained by (1) preparing material using sugar residue or lignocellulose residue and water in the ratio of 1:5-9, and adding 1-10 Kg/T of yeast to obtained product, (2) fermenting the obtained material, and (3) distilling the fermented product, and obtaining the ethanol. The biomass raw material is chosen from corn, straw and rice stem.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The transformed yeast is xylose utilizable yeast. The saccharification biomass comprises formic acid which is fermentation inhibitor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stirring process involves adding aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide (pH of 9-12) to the pre-processed mixture, stirring the mixture for 1-5 hours, adding nitric acid with pH of 3-6 to the mixture, and stirring mixture for 2-5 hours. The drying process is performed at 110 degrees C for 2-10 hours. The plasticization is performed at 450-550 degrees C for 6-10 hours. The pre-processing step is performed at 400-550 degrees C. Preferred Component: The alumina is in the form of powder or pellet. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The catalysts are independently fluidized. Catalysts are zeolite catalysts. The fuel is a drop-in fuel. It is gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel. Preferred Condition: The catalyst is heated to a temperature of about 400 degrees C to about 650 degrees C. The increase in viscosity of the pyrolysis oil over the course of two years is less than 50%. Preferred Process: Producing fuel further comprises blending the pyrolysis oil with gas oil prior to the cracking step to produce an oil blend. Preferred Composition: The oil blend contains about 5-45% by weight pyrolysis oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method above further comprises delivering the cellulase and/or hemicellulase to cellulosic biomass in order to produce biofuels from the cellulosic biomass. The method further comprises transforming the algae to also express a second desired recombinant product. The second desired recombinant product is constitutively expressed, where the cellulase and/or hemicellulase is only expressed upon exposure of the algae to a predetermined condition. The method further comprises allowing the algae to secrete the second desired recombinant product into a second culture medium. The method further comprises recovering the second culture medium to obtain the second desired recombinant product. The method further comprises processing the algae to obtain a biofuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) has a pour point of less than -5 degrees C, and a cloud point of less than 7 degrees C. The fuel composition further comprises epoxy-ester species in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%, where such species function as combustion improvers in the enhanced biodiesel fuel composition. The enhanced biodiesel fuel composition has a cetane rating of 40-55. EXAMPLE - A mixture of xylenes (200 ml), propionic acid (82.6 g), and soy-derived epoxy-ester species (100 g) was heated at reflux for 2 hours. Phosphoric acid (85%) (1.24 ml) was added. After 16 hours under reflux, the xylenes were removed. The remaining solution was washed and dried to obtain a solution containing functionalized ester species (enhanced biodiesel soy-derived fuel composition (A1)) (67.2 g). The enhanced biodiesel soy-derived fuel composition (A1) (1 wt.%) was added to a soy-based biodiesel (having a pour point of -15 degrees C). It was observed that after adding the composition (A1), the pour point of the biodiesel fuel was reduced to -19 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: applying to the liquid mixture, waste heat recovered from the external heat source or another external heat source to generate a renewable fuel mixture with a ratio of hydrogen to carbon that is higher than the hydrocarbon and the alcohol produced from the biomass waste dissociation; and dissociating the hydrogen-dense fuel in the presence of waste heat recovered from the external heat source or another external heat source to produce high specific energy hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Dissociating the biomass waste comprises producing hydrogen or at least one carbon donor in addition to the hydrocarbon and alcohol. The method comprises: reacting at least one carbon donor with the hydrogen produced from the biomass waste to generate hydrogen-dense alcohol; and reacting at least one carbon donor with water to generate additional alcohol. The method further comprises: transporting the hydrogen-dense fuel or liquid mixture to a remote location before applying waste heat recovered from the external heat source or another external heat source to produce high specific energy hydrogen and carbon monoxide; filtering at least one of a halogen and a carcinogen from the contaminants, where the biomass waste dissociation produces wet alcohol that reduces the availability of ethanol; and using the wet alcohol as a solvent to dissolve the hazardous contaminant to generate the liquid mixture that isolates the hazardous contaminant from the environment. Preferred Components: The hydrogen-dense fuel comprises at least one of hydrocarbon, alcohol and ammonia. The hydrocarbon comprises methane, and the alcohol comprises methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon fuel comprises alkanes and aromatic compounds. Preferred Method: In the method of powering a turbine engine, at least 35 wt.% of the hydrocarbon fuel is bio-derived. The bio-derived portion is produced by a technique comprising hydrotreating and isomerizing renewable oils. Preferred Components: The weight ratio of iso-saturated alkanes to normal-saturated alkanes is at least 5. At least 70 wt.% of the saturated alkanes have a carbon chain length of 10-12C, where each saturated alkane of carbon chain length 10-12C comprises a combination of iso-saturated alkanes and normal-saturated alkanes, and the ratio of iso-saturated alkanes to normal-saturated alkanes for each respective 10-12C combination of alkanes is at least 2. The alkanes are linear alkanes, branched alkanes, and/or cyclic alkanes. The aromatic compounds are benzene, xylene, naphthalene and/or their derivatives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method (II): the second value is improved over the first value; and the second algal culture is sorted using flow cytometry and lipophilic dye, where the lipophilic dye is 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene. The method (II) further comprises: isolating the sorted portion of the second algal culture in a second growth medium; incubating the sorted portion of the second algal culture in the second growth medium to provide a third algal culture; and sorting the third algal culture to select algal cells having the identification property containing a third value, to provide a sorted portion of the third algal culture. In the method (II), the identification property is lipid content, where the second and third values are at least 5% greater than the first value. In the method (II), the identification property is lipid content or saturated fatty acid content, and the identification value has an improved second value compared to the first value comprising at least 15%, 20% or 25% improvement. Preferred Components: In the method (II): the identification property comprises high lipid content, high biomass content, rapid growth rate and/or fatty acid profile; the first algal culture is a strain variant of Chrysochromulina sp.; the second algal culture is a strain variant of Chrysochromulina sp. different from the first algal culture; the first growth medium is same or different from the second growth medium; and the second growth medium is same or different from the third growth medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The hydrogen gas transmission rate (P'H2) is not less than 50x 10-5 cm3 (STP)/cm2x secx cmHg. The ratio (P'-H2/P'-CH4) of hydrogen gas transmission rate (P'-H2) and methane gas transmission rate (P'-CH4) has greater than or equal to 85 gas-separation performance. The ratio (P'-H2/P'-N2) of hydrogen gas transmission rate (P'-H2) and nitrogen gas transmission rate (P'-N2) has greater than or equal to 85 preferably greater than or equal to 50 gas-separation performance. Preferred Definition:    A=80-50 mol% of bivalent unit A1 which excludes amino group from 3,7-diaminodimethyl-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The thermophilic microorganism includes thermophilic composite microorganism (BP-1051), thermophilic inoculum (PTA-1773) and B.thermoamylovorans (BP-863) capable of decomposing recalcitrant. ADMINISTRATION - The pharmaceuticals is administered by oral or respiratory route. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In converting plant biomass to biomass slurry, the biomass slurry comprises ethanol. The method further comprises combining the inoculated plant biomass with at least one biomass-processing enzymes. At least one biomass-processing enzyme is delivered by at least one of the methods selected from exogenous addition of the enzyme and transgenic expression of the enzyme in a plant or plant part. Addition of the ethanol-producing biocatalyst microbe reduces the amount of lactic acid produced in the liquefied plant biomass. The ethanol-producing biocatalyst microbe comprises yeast, where the yeast is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biomass slurry comprises at least 2% ethanol. Preferably, the biomass slurry comprises between about 2% to about 20% ethanol. The plant biomass material is derived from a one or more plants selected from maize, soybean, millet, milo, rye, wheat, triticale, oats, barley, rice, sorghum, sudangrass, switchgrass, Miscanthus, alfalfa, cotton, sisal, hemp, jute, turf grass, rape, sunflower, willow, eucalyptus, poplar, pine, willow, tobacco, clover, bamboo, flax, pea, radish, turnip, potato, sweet potato, cassava, taro, beet, sugar beet, sugar cane, and canola. Inoculated plant biomass is placed in a chamber for a period of time from about 12 hours to about 21 days. Preferably, inoculated plant biomass is placed in a chamber for a period of time from about 12 hours to about 72 hours. The time from collecting the plant biomass to placing the inoculated plant biomass into a chamber is less than about 2 hours. Heat is generated in the absence of any externally provided heat. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silt can be the one without using chemical flocculant after the gravity concentration, with water content of 99-97%; the one without using the chemical flocculant after the gravity concentration and capable of being directly and mechanically concentrated, with water content of 95-90%; the one added with high-molecular flocculant which is below 0.2% of the silt in dry mass and inorganic flocculant which is below 0.5% and mechanically filtered, with water content of 90-80%; or the one added with high-molecular flocculant which is greater than or equal to 0.3% of the silt, with water content of 85-75%. An acid which is 1% less than the liquid in mass to the liquid, is added. The acid can be sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or hydrochloric acid, or mixture of certain acids according to any proportion, or alkali which is 1% less than the mass of the liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw is pulverized into 6 mm. The maize cob is pulverized into 4 mm. The rice hull does not need to be pulverized. Preferred Method: Straw (50%), rice hull (30%), and maize cob (20%) are uniformly mixed. The mixed raw materials are dried by the drying device until the water content is 13-15%. The finished product of particle fuel is columnar particle whose diameter is 8 mm and length is 10-50 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The movable cover is provided with the adsorbing filler tube. The gas discharging pipe is arranged on the top end of the movable cover body connected with the exterior. The lower parts of the triangular supports are provided with pulleys. The fermentation warehouse is a columnar container made of stainless steel. The adsorbing filler tube is flexible. The length of the adsorbing filler tube can be adjusted according to the waste gas amount produced in the fermentation process. The adsorbing filler tube is filled with the adsorbent. The adsorbent is activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is a marketed organic binding agent and/or inorganic binding agent. The binder is hydroxyethylcellulose, poly anionic cellulose, modified sodium carboxymethylcellulose, composite polyaluminum chloride and/or starch. The biomass charcoal is prepared by crushing the biomass raw material, and subjecting to a dry distillation device; dry-distilling at a temperature of 500, 600, 700, 850 or 900 degrees C; pyrolyzing to obtain biomass charcoal; purifying generated gas; transporting gas to civilian gas supply network or power station for generating power; and collecting plant liquid and generated wood tar. The biomass charcoal dry-distilled at 500 degrees C comprises (wt.%) fixed carbon (60-64), sulfur (0.08-0.15), volatile (29-32), dust (5-5.5), and water (4-5). The biomass charcoal dry-distilled at 600 degrees C comprises fixed carbon (81-85), sulfur (0.06-0.13), volatile (9-12), dust (4-7), and water (1-2). The biomass charcoal dry-distilled at 700 degrees C comprises fixed carbon (83-86), sulfur (0.08-0.12), volatile (6-7), dust (5-6), and water (1-1.5). The biomass charcoal dry-distilled at 850 degrees C comprises fixed carbon (85-87), sulfur (0.08-0.12), volatile (5-6), dust (5-6), and water (0.5-1). The biomass charcoal dry-distilled at 900 degrees C comprises fixed carbon (86-88), sulfur (0.08-0.11), volatile (3-5), dust (5-6), and water (0.5-1)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adding amount of ethoxymethoxyl methane in methanol gasoline is 2-25 (preferably 10) mass% of methanol gasoline. The ethoxymethoxyl methane is synthesized from ethanol, methanol and 30% formaldehyde water solution as materials, and Amberlyst 35 (RTM: strong acid cation exchange resin) as catalyst. The methanol gasoline added with ethoxymethoxyl methane solubilizer can be used in the environment temperature of - 25-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lactic acid in step (i) is industrial lactic acid. The combustible substance in steps (ii) and (iii) are flower, leaf, fruit, stem and root of the plant, peel and fur of the animal and/or paper, fabric and textile fabric. The device in step (ii) is an automatic waste bag breaking selecting crusher, provided with a bag with mixed broken bag, capable of automatically selecting hard substance and crushing, or a half wet crusher, capable of impacting, cutting and spirally turning and directly crushing when the raw material contains water (30-40%). The calcium oxide in step (iv) is crushed into 100-140 mesh. The combustion improver in step (v) is coal powder, straw powder and/or sawdust, where the bore diameter of the combustion improver is not larger than 5 mm. The adhesive is clay with a diameter of 100-140 mesh. The step (vii) of squeezing to mold comprises squeezing the derived fuel into circular rod shape by a squeeze molding machine, which is capable of homogenizing, stirring and squeezing, and the fuel has a diameter of 10-20 mm and 40-80 mm length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The methanol and gas-oil phase separation inhibitor is aromatic hydrocarbon and alcohol mixture. The aromatic hydrocarbon is methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene and trimethylbenzene. The alcohol compound is 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20C fatty alcohol. The methanol gasoline vapor pressure regulator is isopropanol and t-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves immersing the raw material in 10 times of water for 24 hours. The method involves eluting the activated carbon column using ethanol having concentration of 80%. The amount of eluent collected is 5 times with respect to the volume of the column. The method involves eluting the absorption resin column having large holes using ethanol having concentration of 60%. Preferred Component: The absorption resin column having large holes is chosen from D101 type, H50 type and AB8 type absorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The basic or standard removable and interchangeable soil retainer can be marked out for modification by the user with a choice of three modifications. The first modification of the removable and interchangeable soil retainer is used for the control of evaporation by having two slots (C) along the length of the soil retainer and when the soil retainer is placed over a growing shelf (1G) it allows two rows of plants to be grown through the slots while helping to retain the moisture in the soil. The second modification of the removable and interchangeable soil retainer is used for the control of evaporation by having one slot along the length of the soil retainer and when the soil retainer is placed over a growing shelf it allows one row of plants to be grown through the slot while helping to retain the moisture in the soil. The third modification of the removable and interchangeable soil retainer is used for the control of evaporation by having a section cover the front edge of a growing shelf and when placed over a growing shelf it allows the plants to grow from the back of the growing shelf while helping to retain the moisture in the soil. The modified removable and interchangeable soil retainers concentrate any watering directly to the plants grown in those sections of the soil retainers which are designed for planting. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Cell: In the host cell, one of the different cellobiohydrolases has at least 70% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 (not given in the specification) and the other of the different cellobiohydrolases has at least 70% identity with SEQ ID NO: 7 (not given in the specification), where the endoglucanase has at least 70% identity with SEQ ID NO: 3 (not given in the specification), and where the beta -glucosidase has at least 70% identity with SEQ ID NO: 5 (not given in the specification). In the host cell, the four different heterologous polynucleotides originate from a Talaromyces strain (preferably from Talaromyces emersonii strain, especially from Talaromyces emersonii CBS 39364).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzymes: The four different enzymes are chosen from cellulases and hemicellulases (preferably cellulases). The four different enzymes are at least two different cellobiohydrolases, optionally at least an endoglucanase and at least a beta -glucosidase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least one of the aerosol compound and the inorganic liquid compound comprises an inorganic salt. The liquid is an inorganic liquid. Preferred Condensate: The liquid condensate comprises several of aerosols, where the aerosol comprising gas comprises several of aerosols and where at least one of the aerosols in the aerosol comprising gas and the aerosols in the liquid condensate are the same.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The temperature difference between liquid and aerosol comprising gas is 5-30 degrees C. The difference between dew point temperature of aerosol comprising gas and the temperature of the liquid is 5-30 degrees C. The aerosol comprising gas is contacted with both an inorganic liquid and an organic liquid. The contacting is performed in a reactor with counter flow of the aerosol comprising gas and liquid. The contacting is performed in a reactor, where the liquid is sprayed or atomized in the reactor. The contacting is performed in reactor containing a bed. The contacting is performed in a reactor, where the aerosol comprising gas is injected in the liquid. Preferred Components: The aerosol compound and the liquid compound comprises organic compound. The aerosol compound and the liquid compound are polar or apolar. The liquid is an organic liquid. The aerosol comprising gas comprises (an at least partially cleaned) off-gas of a torrefaction process or (an at least partially cleaned) off-gas of gasification process. The aerosol compound and the liquid compound comprise an inorganic compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic gas carrier is alkoxide of alkaline-earth metal, alkaline-earth metal carbonate, alkaline-earth metal bicarbonate, alkali-metal phosphate, organic amine, ionic liquid, and/or metal complex. The acidic gas is preferably carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrophilic crosslinked polymer of layer (b) is a polymer having hydroxyl group-containing repeating unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-H)(-O-L1))(-CH-C(-H)(-OH)). The crosslinked polymer of layer (c) contains aromatic repeating units of formulae: ((-CH2-C(-R1)(-J1-W1-R'-)))n-L2 or -(CH2-C(-R3)(-J2-W2-Rb-O-R4))-, ether-type repeating units of formulae: -(CH2-CH2-O)-, -(CH2-CH2-CH2-O)- and -(CH2-HC(-CH3)-O)-, and silicon-containing repeating unit of formula: -(Si(-CH3)2-O)-.L1=coupling group of x valent;x,n=2 or more;R1,R3=H or substituent;L2=n valent coupling group;J1,J2=-CO-, -COO-, -CONR2-, -OCO-, methylene, phenylene or -C6H4CO-;R2=H, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;W1,W2=single bond or bivalent coupling group;R',Rb=alkylene glycol residue or propylene glycol residue;andR4=H, alkyl or aryl.Preferred Properties: The gas-separation membrane has tensile elasticity modulus of 0-5 MPa, tensile strength of more than 15 N/mm2, breaking elongation of 10% or more and heat resistance of 100 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises: at least one of copper-zinc-oxide, deposited sinter mixture of copper, and copper-zinc oxide; and at least one of transition metal carbides, borides and nitrides. The transition metal carbides, borides, and nitrides comprise at least one of Fe3C, CO3C, CO3Fe3C2, Mn3C, FeC3, CoC3, CoFeC6, MnFeC6, Mn5C2, MnFeC6, Fe3Cr3C2, Fe3Co2BNC2, Fe3VC2, Fe4NC2, Fe3MoC2, and Fe5BNC.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: converting the dimethyl ether to generate a polymer precursor to a durable good; adding a catalyst to enhance production of the renewable fuel; harvesting a waste heat rejected from an engine to provide heat used in the reaction; generating heat from a renewable energy source comprising at least one of wind energy, solar energy, running water and geothermal; and controlling the heat and pressure to generate a selected type of the renewable fuel. The hydrogen is produced from dissociation of the biomass waste at a remote location and transported through a pipeline. The step of dissociating the biomass waste comprises: thermochemically producing hydrocarbons as a transportable precursor to hydrogen at a remote location; transporting the hydrocarbons through a pipeline; and separating the hydrocarbons into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The method further comprises: cleaning the harvested carbon dioxide; using the cleaned carbon dioxide as a nutrient for green house crops; and using the cleaned carbon dioxide as a buoyant lifter in photosynthesis for plants comprising algae. Preferred Components: The renewable fuel comprises at least one of alcohol and ether. The alcohol comprises at least one of methanol and ethanol, and the ether comprises dimethyl ether. The carbon donors comprise at least one of hydrocarbon and alcohol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological material is a microalgae, a macroalgae, a mixed algal culture, a yeast, a fungus, an oil seed, an oil seed processing residue, other plant matter or an animal tissue. The biological material comprises Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 (ATCC MYA 1381). The concentration of the biological material is 66-250 mg/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reacting and incubating steps further result in the formation of a third phase, which comprises biomass residue. The formation of at least two phases occurs through settling under gravity and the spontaneous coalescence of lipid droplets. The formation of at least two phases is facilitated by centrifugation, or by an external chemical agent, where the external chemical agent is water, an inorganic salt, a polar organic compound, a non-polar organic compound, and an alcohol-soluble organic or inorganic acid. The acidified alcohol solution of the second phase is further recovered and re-used for at least one subsequent application of the method. The method further comprises: refining the transesterified lipids to produce a fuel-grade biodiesel product; isolating a product of an omega fatty acid, a carotenoid, a sterol or a wax; recovering a co-product, which is a protein-rich animal feed, a feedstock for aerobic or anaerobic fermentation, a food additive, or a bio-based material or composite from the solid phase; and isolating the fatty acid alkyl esters without the use of a chlorinated solvent. The reacting or incubating step occurs at an elevated temperature, preferably 60-100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol (preferred), ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol and/or butanol. The acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and/or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The methane liquid is enriched with dissolvable nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and humic acid. The methane liquid is made into organic spray fertilizer for plant leaf after condensing. The methane slag generated by carrying out the solid-liquid separation on the methane liquid, and made to a feed additive or organic compound fertilizer raw material after drying and grinding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The production of lipase comprises culturing the cells and separating the expression product from the culture product. Preferred Components: The nucleic acid has fully defined 978 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 2), as given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The PASP high-efficiency environment-friendly urea comprises (in wt.%): urea (88.78-96.9, preferably 92.84), polyaspartic acid (0.05-0.09, preferably 0.07), zinc chloride (0.03-0.07, preferably 0.05), ferrous sulfate (0.02-0.06, preferably 0.04), potassium sulfate (1-5, preferably 3) and boric acid (2-6, preferably 4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The trace element is zinc, boron, manganese, iron and/or molybdenum. Preferred Method: The turnover times are changed according to the stack temperature e.g. when the stack temperature is less than 60 degrees C or greater than 65 degrees C, the turnover times are increased. The water ratio of the dried solid of the high-efficiency organic fertilizer is 5-10 wt.%, the drying temperature is 80-120 degrees C. The urease inhibitor NBPT is grinded and sieved with particle size not greater than 60 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The low rank coal is wood coal, weathered coal, coal refuse, or their combinations. The above-cited coal is replaced by humic acid (2-5 parts). The coal has average particle diameter of -60 to 80 meshes. The stalk has length of -2 mm. ACTIVITY - Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer (C1) comprises (%) animal hoof and horn (15-30, preferably 25-27), tobacco straw (65-80 or 60-70), bone powder (2-4, preferably 2-3), and trace element (0.2-0.8, preferably 0.4-0.6). The effective component of animal hoof and horn is aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, and arginine. The animal hoof and horn is Qinchuan cattle hoof and horn. The tobacco straw is tobacco stem, tobacco leaf, tobacco stalk, tobacco powder, cut tobacco, tobacco scrap, tobacco powder, and tobacco waste. Preferred Method: The step of mixing amino acid raw liquor with tobacco straw comprises uniformly spraying amino acid raw liquor on the tobacco straw. The hydrolysis pressure is 0.55-3.7 kg/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The beneficial bacterium is nitrogen-fixing bacterium, potassium-decomposing bacterium, and phosphorus-decomposing bacterium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant; Antiparasitic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base metal carbonate solution is 0.5-10 (preferably 0.5-5) sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or magnesium carbonate solution. The base catalyst is 1-6 (preferably 1-2) wt.% solid base catalyst prepared by stirring sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the zeolite at 30-100 degrees C for 3-5 hours, crystallizing, filtering, and drying at 105 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The where the kitchen waste oil fat comprises waste animal oil and fat; waste vegetable oil and fat; waste cooking oil produced by catering units; and waste oil and frying oil in slaughterhouse, food processing plant, or edible oil processing plant. The acid catalyst is a liquid acid including sulfuric acid, 12-18C alkyl sulfonic acid. The dosage of the catalyst is 1-8 (preferably 1-5)% of the waste oil and fat. The alcohol liquid is ethanol, or preferably absolute methanol. The alcohol oil ratio is 4:1-10:1, preferably 3:1-6:1. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 50-75 (preferably 60-65) degrees C and at 100-600 (preferably 200-400) revolutions/minute for 1-8 (preferably 1-3) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parts: The third end of the tee pipe fitting is thread-connected with a sealing cover. The pressure relief sealing cover is thread-connected with the tee pipe fitting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed metal oxide is LnaWbO12-y (I) or LnxWO12-y (III). The dehydrogenation catalyst is a zeolite catalyst. The zeolite has the structure CHA or MFL. The zeolite is a ZSM-5 (preferably with a metal selected from Mo, W, Fe, V or Cr). The particle size of the membrane is 100-800 (preferably 200-600) nm in diameter. The particle size of the support is 1000-8000 (preferably 1000-4000) nm in diameter. The supported proton conducting membrane comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst on the proton conducting membrane so as to form the layered structure support-membrane-catalyst.x=438-6 (preferably 5.5-6).Preferred Method: The non porous membrane is produced by spray pyrolysis and the porous support is produced by solid state reaction. Preferred Definitions:    Ln=La.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous core further comprises transition metal chosen from cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, zinc and molybdenum. The atomic thin layer is chosen from monolayer, bilayer and trilayer of platinum metal atoms. The porous core includes platinum and palladium in molar ratio of 1:2-1:12, preferably 1:3-1:6. The porous core is formed from alloy nanoparticles having non-noble metal and noble metal in molar ratio of 1:1-1:12. The alloy nanoparticles comprise palladium and non-noble metal which is copper. Preferred Properties: The catalytic nanoparticles have diameter of 2-50 nm. The size of the pores in the porous core is 0.5-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The atomically thin layer of platinum atoms is a monolayer, a bilayer and a trilayer of platinum metal atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-type catalyst is hexamethylphosphoramide. The amount of phosphorus-type catalyst is 0.01-0.1 mol equivalent with respect to compound (C). The compound (C) comprises silicon-containing monomer units of formulae: -(-Si(-R1)(-H)-(R-Si(-R2)(-H))p)n (III), -(-Si(-R1)(-H))n (IV) or -(Si(-R1)(-H)-R-Si(-R2)(-H))n- (V). The monomer unit (IV) is preferably phenylsilane or tetrasilyl methane. The monomer unit (V) is preferably 1,4-disilabutane. The base is alkaline, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or benzyl amine.R=bond, 1-6C alkylene or (1-4C alkylene)m-Z-(1-4C alkylene)q;Z=O, NR10, S(O)y, CR10=CR10, CC, 6-10C arylene, 5-10 membered heteroarylene or 3-6C cycloalkylene;R1,R2=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 6-12C aryl, aralkyl, 5-10-membered heteroaryl, OR3, NR4R5 or SiR6R7R8, in which aryl group is optionally substituted by 1-3 R9 group;R3-R5=H, 1-6C alkyl, 6-10C aryl or aralkyl;R6-R8=H, OR3, 1-6C alkyl, 6-10C aryl or aralkyl;R9=halo, 1-10C alkyl, OR10, NO2, NR11R12, CN, C(=0)R10, C(=0)OR10 or S(=O)CH3, in which alkyl is optionally substituted by halo;R10=H or 1-3C alkyl;R11,R12=H, or 1-10C alkyl;m,q=0 or 1;y=0,1 or 2;n=1 or more;andp=0 or 1.Preferred Process: The byproduct (C1) is contacted with acryl halide to obtain reaction product. The obtained reaction product is contacted with metal hydride to regenerate compound (C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer supported catalyst is (aminomethyl)polystyrene. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2,X3=NRaRb;and    Ra,Rb=1-6C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises ethanol (50-60 wt./wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The pressure in the reaction vessel is greater than or equal to 21 bar. The elevated temperature of second step is 160-170 degrees C, and is maintained for 100-140 minutes. The acid (2-2.5 wt.%) is added. The ratio of solvent to biomass is 7:1-5:1. At least a portion of the recovered pulp is converted into carbohydrates which are subsequently converted into ethanol. The pretreated biomass solids have a Time-to-conversion-target (TCT) equal to greater than or equal to 120 hours and an overall glucose conversion (OGC) of greater than or equal to 50%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The microorganism is produced by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Components: The enzyme catalyzing the conversion of acetolactate to DH2MB is 3-keto acid reductase. The 3-keto acid reductase is comprises a 267 amino acid (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification, or its a homolog or variant, where the 3-keto acid reductase is isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae YMR226c. The 3-keto acid reductase comprises one of 22 (259-278) amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO: 2-23) all fully defined in the specification, or its homologs or variants. The enzyme catalyzing the conversion of isobutyraldehyde to isobutyrate is aldehyde dehydrogenase. The aldehyde dehydrogenase is isolated from S.cerevisiae ALD6 comprising a 500 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 25) fully defined in the specification, or its homolog or variant. The aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises one of 15 (496-526) amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO: 26-41) all fully defined in the specification, or its homologs or variants. The recombinant microorganism is engineered to reduce or eliminate pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity. The recombinant microorganism is engineered to reduce or eliminate glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heat is generated by physical, biological and/or chemical systems. Preferred Components: The flammable organic material comprises pulverized coal mixed with oil. The coal mixed with oil is passed throughout device configured to make a suspension of fine particles of fairly uniform size. The device comprises high-speed mixer. The high-mixer is mixer of about 12000 rpm. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises one or a series of hydrocyclones. Preferred Die: The die further comprises at least one stopper configured to help separate composition from the stoppers, where the separator comprises recycled cardboard. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The connection unit of the certificate issuance units is a universal serial bus port, IEEE1394 port, SCSI and RS-232C port connected to Bluetooth network.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least one of other rare earth element (preferably lanthanum), in a state of metal, metal oxide, or hydroxide, is added to the catalyst layer. The platinum group metals other than platinum and palladium are added to the catalyst layer. The misch metal is applied as cerium. The catalyst layer comprises several layers, having an under catalytic coating layer and a top catalytic coating layer formed on the under catalytic coating layer and almost all amount of palladium element is contained in the top catalytic coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass is lignocellulosic biomass. Preferred Method: The method involves pre-treating the processed biomass feedstock using pressurized hot water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Gene: The fae gene is chosen from faeA gene, faeB gene and faeC gene. The xynR gene and fae gene are isolated from Aspergillus, preferably A.oryzae. Preferred Cell: The microbial cell is transformed with expression vector, in which the xynR gene and fae gene are introduced. The microbial cell is Aspergillus, preferably A.oryzae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The low-humidity air having humidity of 60% or less is ventilated from top air supply portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The ~g ray is decayed from the radionuclide cobalt60 or cesium137, and the electronic beam has an electron accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction kettle is an enamel reaction kettle. The heated container and the molding machine are made of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spice is 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine spice. The solid ignition material is in the shape of a long stick. The dibasic ester solvent is dimethyl adipate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the lipase comprises cultivating the cell and isolating the expression product from the cultivated product.Preferred Nucleic Acid: The nucleic acid comprises fully defined 960 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation broth is a mixture of vinasse and stalk or fibrin obtained after microbial fermentation. Preferred Method: The high-water content particles sliding down the lower side of the micro-tube wall after the precipitation process is pumped to a fermentation groove by the pump, which completely utilizes bacteria and organic substances to carry out circular fermentation. The ultrafiltration process in the step (iii) is carried out through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, whose cut-off molecular weight is 6000-100000 Dalton at a pressure of 0.02-0.1 MPa. The membrane separation in the step (iii) is carried out by dialysis, separation and purification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mesh filter is a ceramic filter or a stainless steel filter of 20-200 meshes. The micro-tube in the beam deposition unit is the beam tube containing multiple micro-tubes tilted at 30-75 degrees . The diameters of the micro-tubes are 2-25 mm, and the lengths of the tubes are 0.4-2 m. The surface load of the micro-tube in the beam deposition unit is 0.8-24 m3/m2x hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sliding plate in the kidney-shaped groove of the synchronous cylinder contacts the lining on inner periphery of the body of the power generator through a sealing strip in an outer periphery sealing groove. The engine is a rotor engine, a gear engine, a reciprocal piston engine, a screw rod engine or a turbine engine. The hydrogen combustor utilizing thermal stimulation for combustion, comprises a casing provided with a blanking electromagnetic valve, a fire probe, a thermocouple, a hot air outlet and a sparking plug. The bottom end of the protective sleeve of the helical heating tube, the bottom of the heat resistance ceramic lining and the upper part of the fuel nozzle are fixed on the base of the combustor casing. The center of the fuel nozzle, the center of the coil of the helical heating tube and the center of the heat resistance ceramic heat island are coaxial. An admission connecting pipe of the fuel electromagnetic valve on the fuel nozzle is interconnected to one end of the fuel nozzle. A side wall end of the helical heating tube extending out of the casing is connected to a vapor pipe through vapor electromagnetic regulating valves 1 and 2. A base end of the helical heating tube extending out of the protective sleeve is interconnected to other end of the fuel nozzle. The fuel nozzle is composed of a pedestal, a nozzle core provided with a fuel passage, a flow groove and a water vapor outlet hole, a nozzle core connection sleeve and a fuel guide cover, where the end of the pedestal connected to the fuel electromagnetic valve is interconnected to the fuel passage and the flow groove of the fuel nozzle. The end of the pedestal connected to the helical heating tube is interconnected to the water vapor outlet hole of the nozzle core of the fuel nozzle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves culturing the Chlorella sp. at 4-37 degrees C, preferably 10-35 degrees C, more preferably 28 degrees C, and pH of 4-9, preferably 7. The method (M2) involves culturing the seed liquid of Chlorella sp. in the sewage before extracting oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out at 20-30 degrees C in reactor. The anaerobic-anoxic SBS compound is a reactor, Anammox (RTM: Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria) bacterium is biomembrane, and nitrite typed denitrification and dephosphorization bacterium is suspension sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alcohol is methanol or ethanol has concentration of 50-95%. The mass to volume ratio of rutin to alcohol is 1:8-15. The catalyst is bismuth trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.01-10 mol% of the rutin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The low temperature aniline-degrading bacteria strain A1 shows positive in catalase reaction, positive in indole test, positive in ammonia generation test, negative in methyl red test, negative in amylolysis, negative in oil splitting reaction, positive in acetyl methyl carbinol test, negative in nitrate reduction reaction, positive in gelatin liquefaction, negative in vulcanization generation test, positive in litmus milk test and citric acid test using glucose. The ethanol or aldehyde sugar is not oxidized. The growing temperature of the bacteria is 5-35 degrees C degrees centigrade and pH for growth is 5.5-9.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon source is chosen from starch material, cellulose material and sugar material. The nitrogen source is chosen from inorganic nitrogen, ammonium salt, nitrate, liquid ammonia, organic nitrogen, soybean cake meal, peanut cake meal, bran, urea, amine, amide, purine and pyrimidine base, protein, peptone, beef extract and yeast extract. The nutritional salt is a mixed salt solution of ion containing phosphor, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, calcium, zinc, cobalt and manganese. The auxin is chosen from amino acid, purine, pyrimidine, vitamin, corn steep liquor and biological metabolism agent. The biomass raw material is chosen from starch material, cellulose material and sugar material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The anaerobic bacteria capable of producing organic acid or alcohol by metabolizing CO, H2 and CO2 comprise Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Clostridium aceticum, C. autoethanogenum, C. carboxidivorans, C. lentocellum, C. 1jungdahlii, C. thermocellum and C. thermoacetium. Preferred Materials: The liquid culture medium is 0.5-1.5 g/L ammonium chloride, 0.5-1.5 g/L sodium chloride, 0.2-0.6 g/L hydrated magnesium chloride, 0.5-1.5 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5-2.5 g/L Tryptone, 0.5-1.5g/L Yeast extract, 2-3 mg/L hydrated ferric chloride, 3-6 g/L xylose, and 0.5-1.5 g/L Cysteine-hydrochloric acid-water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The carrier is sand with aperture of 0.1-50mm, active carbon, ceramsite, zeolite, glass bead, pearl stone, sepiolite, metallic net sponge particles and biozeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic acid comprises acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The carrier is polypropylene or modified polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The culture liquor of R. ruber Z25 strain in the wax removing and preventing viscosity reducer is at 20-80 vol.%. The wax removing and preventing nutrient agent comprises (%) yeast extract (1-5), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (5-30), and ammonium nitrate (5-30). The culture liquor of R. ruber Z25 strain comprises (g/L) peptone (1-5), ammonium salt (1-10), liquid paraffin (20-50), yeast powder (0.5-1.0), and sodium chloride (5); and pH is adjusted at 6-8. The culture liquor of R. ruber Z25 strain is added into the fermentation culture medium at 10%; and cultured at 37 degrees C. The step of infusing the viscosity reducer into recovery well barrel to remove and prevent wax comprises infusing the viscosity reducer into the recovery well barrel once every month for 3 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst coating is nickel, rhodium, platinum, or ruthenium. The adsorbent is calcium oxide, mixture of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide, solid melt of calcium oxide, mixture of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide, and the substance formed by the calcined dolomite or substance formed by calcined mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The space between grilling is 0.5-50 mm. The particle diameter of the catalyst is 20-200, preferably 30-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The main technical indexes are: the moisture content of the fermentation material is 50-60 wt. %; the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is 1:(25-30) wt. %; the pH of the fermentation material is 6-8; the temperature of the fermentation material is 50-60 degrees C; and the depth of the fermentation material is 1.2-2 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of (I), comprises: adding 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (10 mmol), 2-pyridine acylhydrazone (10-15 mmol) and ethanol (30 ml) into the flask, agitating and refluxing for 2-3 hours at 50-70 degrees C, rotary vaporizing to remove the solvent, standing overnight, obtaining a large number of crystalline substances, leaching with frozen ethanol, naturally drying and re-crystallizing with ethanol to obtain a colorless transparent crystal (I). ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wax lipid slow-release framework material is cetyl alcohol, octadecanol, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol, glycerin monostearate, propylene glycol stearate, tristearin, stearin, butyl stearate, glyceryl laurate ester, palmitin, glyceride behenate, hard fat, insect wax, beeswax and/or carnauba wax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The slow-release microsphere comprises (%) azithromycin (40-60), wax lipid slow-release framework material (10-20), water insoluble framework material (10-40), and binding agent (1-20).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water insoluble framework material is microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and/or polyethylene. The binding agent is ethyl cellulose water dispersion, acrylic resin water dispersion and Opadry (RTM: Enteric coating formulation) water dispersion. ACTIVITY - Antiobacterial; Respiratory-Gen; Antiinflammatory; Auditory; Dermatological; Uropathic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The sand is sand sieved to 50 meshes and the saw powder is saw powder having length of 3-7 mm. Preferred Method: The cow dung is formed by completely immersing and evenly mixing dried rotted cow dung in water in the ratio of 2:3 by mass. The chicken manure is formed by completely immersing and evenly mixing dried bulked chicken manure in water in the ratio of 1:1 by mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acid for immersing the medicine extracts the purified cichoric acid and diluted hydrochloric acid. The extract is collected for 1-4 hours, where the flow rate of CO2 is 2-15 kg/hour. The adding amount of the cosolvent is 5-10% of the mass of the CO2. Extracting is carried out at 30-80 degrees C and 10-60 MPa. Preferred Component: The supercritical CO2 cosolvent is ethyl acetate, acetone, or methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anion exchanging resin is D201, D311, and/or D301. The cation exchanging resin is D111, 001x 7, and/or 724.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The suspending agent comprises (in parts weight) triflumizole (2-95), wet dispersing agent (2-10), anti-freezing agent (5-10), thickening agent (0.1-0.5), pH adjusting agent (0.5-10), preservative (0.05-2), defoaming agent (0.1-0.5) and remainder of water, and has pH of 3-11. The wet dispersing agent is chosen from lignin sodium sulfonate, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide segmented copolymer, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene phosphate, hydroxy methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and lauryl sodium sulfate. The emulsifying agent is pesticide emulsifier chosen from 500-type emulsifier, 600-type emulsifier, 700-type emulsifier, 602-type emulsifier, 603-type emulsifier, 790-type emulsifier, 1303-type emulsifier, 1601-type emulsifier, 1603-type emulsifier, 2020-type emulsifier, 2201-type emulsifier, 0201B-type emulsifier, 0203B-type emulsifier and 6202B-type emulsifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The cutting point of hydrogen cracking tail oil heavy fraction and hydrogen cracking tail oil light fraction is 380-420 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl ether, acetone, isopropanol, or chloroform. The buffer solution is 20 mmol of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution, Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer solution comprising 0.15 M sodium chloride with pH of 7.5, or an aqueous solution comprising mannitol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The anticancer drug is one or more of 65 compounds, e.g. 5-fluorouracil, fluorodeoxyuridine, tegafur-uracil, capecitabine, deoxycytidine, cytosine arabinoside, gemcitabine, 6-purinethol, thioguanine, azathioprine, allopurinol, cladribine, fludarabine, pentostatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, enloplatin, diaminocyclohexane-platinum, ormaplatin, adriamycin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, epipodophyllotoxin etoposide, teniposide, irinotecan, lurtotecan, silatecan, 9-aminocamptothecin, 10,11-methylenedioxy camptothecin, diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, toremifene, Tomudex (RTM: raltitrexed), Thymitaq (RTM: nolatrexed dihydrochloride), flutamide, bicalutamide, estradiol, triciribine, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, aminoglutethimide, testolactone, leurocristine, vincaleukoblastine, vinorelbine, vindesine, or paclitaxel. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The disinfectant comprises quat-ammonium and double-strand quat-ammonium prepared by coconut oil as foundation raw material. The menthol is extract of plant mint. The D. aromatica is crystal of resin of Vatica astrotricha and extract of essential oil machined product. The complexing agent is EDTA or EDTA tetrasodium salt. The cosolvent is rilanit special (polyethylene glycol-60 (PEG-60)). The cosolvent and penetrant are ethanol. The penetrant is azone. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Antipyretic; Antiinflammatory; Analgesic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid super-strong acid is sulfate/zirconium oxide, sulfate/titanium oxide, sulfate/zirconium oxide-lanthanum oxide, and/or sulfate/titanium oxide-lanthanum oxide. The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or solid super-strong alkali. The solid super-strong alkali is Grignard reagent, lithium nitride, and/or calcium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic catalyst is p-methyl benzene sulfonic acid, cationic exchange resin, solid super-strong acid, and/or concentrated sulfuric acid. The halogenated hydrocarbon is mono-bromohydrocarbon or mono-iodohydrocarbon with substituent group on the end chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The magnesium reduction furnace slag comprises (%) calcium oxide (45-58), silicon dioxide (25-35), iron (III) oxide (4-5), and aluminum oxide. The concentration of the diluted hydrochloric acid is 15-25%. The concentration of the diluted sulfuric acid is 25-40%. The ratio of the magnesium reduction furnace slag, diluted hydrochloric acid, and diluted sulfuric acid is 1:(2-2.5):(1.5-2). Preferred Method: The silicon dioxide is ground to 100-200 meshes. The slag is filtered using vacuum filtration. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of calcium hydroxide to phosphoric acid solution is 1:2.8-1:3, preferably 1:2.8 or 1:3. The concentration of phosphoric acid solution is 85%. Preferred Method: The fixing agent is added to the composting material according to the mass ratio of fixing agent to ammonia (NH3) of 0.22:1-0.26:1, preferably 0.22:1, 0.24:1, or 0.26:1, where the mass of nitrogen in the NH3 is equal to that of nitrogen in the composting material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Bacillus is greater than or equal to 3 of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. thermophilus, or B. polymyxa. Pseudomonas is P. stutzeri. S. avermitilis can be replaced with S. albulus. S. maltophilia can be replaced with Zymomonas mobilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: A fertilizer is added to the fertilizing material. The fertilizer comprises superphosphate (35-50), potassium sulfate fertilizer (10-12) and urea (6-7). Preferred Method: Soil (20-35 kg) is added at 0-20 cm deep under the field. The soil in the field, the decomposing agent and the additive are agitated uniformly and the fertilizer is sprayed on the corn straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The decomposing agent comprises Bacillus, fungus, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes; and has total effective bacterial count of 100 ppm/g and moisture content of less than 20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-retaining agent comprises polyacrylate and polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The plant material straw comprises Labiatae, Scrophulariaceae or Leguminosae plants extracted with stachyose or straw of other crops.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The composite microbial inoculum comprises effective microorganism (EM) bacterium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant; Antidote; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickener may be magnesium aluminum silicate. The pH regulator may be hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or phosphate surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is dimethylbenzene, toluene, naphtha, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, N-methylpyrrolidone, and/or N-dodecylpyrrolidone. The cosurfactant is butanol, isobutanol, dodecanol, tetracanol, octadecanol, and/or 1-octacosanol. The antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or glycerin, and/or urea. The pH regulator is formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, triethanolamine, triethylamine, and/or trimethylamine. The antimicrobial agent is sorbic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxydiphenyl, and/or 1,2-benzothiazol-3-one.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is epoxyethane-epoxypropane block copolymer, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether, triethanolamine of tris(1-phenylethyl)phenol polyoxyethylene monophosphate or mixture of monoester or diester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, alkylphenol ethoxylate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and/or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The thickener is xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, gum Arabic, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, and/or natural polysaccharide. The antifoaming agent is silicone oil, organic silicone compound, 10-20C saturated fatty acid and its ester, and/or 8-12C fatty alcohol. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The compost is fermented at high temperature by delivering the compost to the ferment cabin B; introducing hot air into the ferment cabin B, fermenting the compost along with introducing the hot air at 40-55 degrees C; stopping introducing the hot air to the ferment cabin B when the compost is at 65 degrees C, and introducing into air along with fermenting to obtain a first compost product; piling the compost in a stack; composting at 40-50 degrees C while introducing to air to obtain curved product; and sieving the curved product, collecting the product having a grain diameter of lesser than 25 mm, piling the material, and composting at 20-30 degrees C while introducing to air to obtaining a second compost product. Fermenting is carried out for 8 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The low sugar vegetable is prepared by taking plant waste (e.g. corn straw, soybean straw, and Ginkgo leaf) or city refuse containing organic substance; adding 0.5-3 kg fermenting enzyme; heating at 28-50 degrees C while stirring to hydrolyze; filtering the solution; reducing the pressure in vacuum; condensing to 35-40 wt.%; sterilizing; and sealing. The fermenting enzyme is pectinase, Thermomonospora enzyme, or Trichoderma viride enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The city refuse is rotten vegetable leaves, leftover food, grass, and wooden block (dust). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermenting processing of the step (A) is added with methane gas generating bacterium, where the fermenting processing is carried out for 2-6 days. The domestication method of the domestication microorganism inoculum of the step (B) comprises vaccinating 5L composite acidophil Thiobacillus formed by sulfur oxide Thiobacillus and ferrous oxide Thiobacillus in 40 L sewage gas liquid; where the pH of sewage gas liquid is 5-5.3; introducing air at 18-20 degrees C for 2-4 days of exposed domestication. The sewage gas liquid of the step (B) is processed in biologic leaching pond reactor for 24-48 hours. The sewage gas liquid of the step (B) is processed in biologic leaching pond reactor at 25-35 degrees C for 30 hours. The pH of filtrate obtained by sewage compression filtering of biologic leaching processing is regulated to 7.05 via lime milk for micro filtering film filtering processing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The medicament added in biologic leaching pond reactor of the step (B) is ferrous sulfate (2-5 g/L) and Fenton's reagent (2-5 g/L).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The condensing agent in acylation reaction is sodium hydroxide, and the solvent is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Component: The cross-linking agent is chosen from poly( epsilon -caprolactone)diacrylate and (polyethylene glycol)diacrylate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is chosen from poly( epsilon -caprolactone)diacrylate and (polyethylene glycol)diacrylate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The plant further includes a feeding- and pre-crushing device (20). The feeding- and pre-crushing device includes a feed trough, a pharyngeal pump and a perforated filter. The mixing- and crushing device contains a container with a rotatably attached cutting disc. The phase separation device includes a screw press. A buffer tank for storing the liquid phase is provided between the phase separation device and the mixing- and crushing device. The buffer tank for storing the fermented biomass mash from the fermentor is provided between the fermentor and the mixing- and crushing device. The phase separation device is connected with the buffer tank for storing the solid phase. The phase separation device is connected with the fermentor such that the solid phase provided by the phase separation device can be recycled into the fermentor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A thermally stabilized bio-catalyst used by methane monooxygenase is used for the conversion of biogas by catalytic techniques in to methanol. The crystalline cellulose in a pre-fermenter is converted in to a bacterial mass by acid or alkali, and their composition is improved by selecting the materials. Preferred Components: The nano-ceramic and the catalyst are homogeneous material or inhomogeneous material. The bacteria, e.g. clostridia and fungi, e.g. Trichoderma in the storage area, are used for reprocessing the residues. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of esterifying is catalyzed by an acid, a base or an enzyme. The method further comprises: isolating at least one of carotenoids, omega -3 fatty acids, glycerin, carbohydrates, and polar lipids; isolating polar lipids from impurities components that are not polar lipids; processing the polar lipids into at least one of lubricants, detergents, and food additives; isolating carotenoids from non-carotenoids components; isolating lecithin found in the water immiscible fraction carotenoids and other non-lecithin components; isolating omega -3 fatty acids from non-fatty acid components; isolating eicosapentaenoic acid found in the third substantially liquid fraction from non-fatty acid components; isolating docosahexaenoic acid from non-fatty acid components; and isolating glycerin from non-glycerin components. In the method, at least one of the first, second, and third solvent sets comprise an alcohol, which is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or acetonitrile. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: heating the biomass during at least one of steps (b), (d), and (f) to a temperature below the boiling point of the extraction solvent set at the conditions present during the corresponding step; heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during at least one of step (b), (d) and (f); recycling at least one of the first substantially liquid fraction comprising proteins, the substantially second liquid fraction comprising polar lipids, and the third substantially solid biomass fraction comprising carbohydrates into at least one of an animal feed, a human food, and a nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of wastewater by the algal cells; and sequentially separating the first substantially liquid fraction comprising proteins into at least one of an albumin fraction, a globulin fraction, a glutelin fraction, and a prolamin fraction. The bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. The biofuels are prepared from plant biomass, which is recyclable plant matter waste or oleaginous plant matter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The first, second, and third extraction substantially solid phases comprise substantially intact algal cells. The algal biomass is simultaneously at least partially dewatered while products are selectively extracted from the algal biomass. The cells comprising the algal biomass are not dried or disrupted.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: removing at least a portion of the first solvent set from the separated portion of (a) to obtain a first extraction product; removing at least a portion of the second solvent set from the separated portion of (b) to obtain a second extraction product; and removing at least a portion of the third solvent set from the separated portion of (c) to obtain a third extraction product. The first, second and/or third extraction mixture is heated to a temperature below its boiling point. The extraction is carried out under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The solvent set is added to the biomass in a 1:1 weight ratio. The method further comprises adjusting the pH of at least one of the first, second, and third extraction mixtures to optimize protein extraction. Preferred Components: The first, second or third solvent sets comprise a water miscible or water immiscible solvent. The first, second, and third solvent sets comprise one or more amphipathic solvents; and solvents of methanol, ethanol (preferred), isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The red clay includes alumina (10-30), iron oxide (0.5-20), and silica (40-80) as essential component, and at least one component (0.1-5) chosen from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, titanium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide as an additional component. The mixed composition is obtained by mixing 50 parts weight of sodium hydroxide with 50 parts weight of red clay. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Virucide; Antibacterial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste (30-95 wt.%) is mixture of waste plastic, foodstuff type waste material, wood type water material and organic type garbage. The amount of dehydrated sludge is 5-70 wt.%. Preferred Process: The manufacture of refuse-derived fuel further includes dehydration process which adjusts moisture content to 20-80%. The compound is molded and cured by solidification molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process further involves enhancing the oxygen content of the air stream to 28-94% oxygen. The natural gas is converted to methanol on a seagoing vessel. Preferred Components: The air stream has oxygen content less than 22%. The synthesis gas stream comprises N2 (at least 6, preferably at least 35) mole.%. The synthesis gas stream comprises H2, CO, and CO2 in a ratio of (H2-CO2)/(CO2+CO), which is less than 1.77 (preferably 1.34- 1.80). The makeup gas stream comprises H2, CO, and CO2 in a ratio of (H2-CO2)/(CO2+CO), which is at least 2.05 (preferably at least 3.6). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The Eucalyptus extract is obtained using hot water. The excretion containing uric acid is hen droppings. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The spore-forming aerobic bacterium is obtained from mixture of microorganisms comprising aerobic bacteria capable of producing inclusion substance. The mixture of microorganism is MRE symbiosis microorganism. The method further involves contacting the spore produced by sporulation of the above-mentioned spore-forming aerobic bacterium with the organic substance, where the spore produces mother-cell degradation enzyme and forms re-spore. The method involves immersing the organic substance in decomposition solution comprising the mother-cell degradation enzyme and/or spore, and allowing decomposition of the organic substance by aerating the solution. The process of decomposition involves dispersing the decomposition solution on the organic substance and stirring the mixture in presence of air at 60-80 degrees C. The method further involves applying lignin-rich substance chosen from chaff and saw dust as a fluid bed. The decomposition of organic substance is carried out using decomposition tank comprising rotating shaft in horizontal axis, arm (1 or more) installed to the rotating shaft and equipped with stirring board, heating plate placed along the stirring plate to control temperature at 60-160 degrees C, and nozzle installed in the upper part of the decomposition tank for dispersing the decomposition solution. ACTIVITY - Dermatological; Antiinflammatory; Herbicide; Immunostimulant; Endocrine-Gen. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous liquid comprises an alkali solution in water. The catalyst comprises an oxide, a hydroxide or a salt of an alkali metal or an earth alkaline metal. The solid particulate catalyst comprises an oxide a hydroxide or a salt of an alkali metal or an earth alkaline metal, a clay, a hydrotalcite, a hydrotalcite-like material and/or a zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process:The acid removal step comprises: allowing the bio-oil to settle into an aqueous phase and a hydrophobic phase; and separating the aqueous phase from the hydrophobic phase, where the hydrophobic phase is a bio-oil having a TAN of less than 10. The acid removal step further comprises washing the bio-oil with an aqueous liquid prior to allowing the bio-oil to settle into an aqueous phase and a hydrophobic phase, where the aqueous phase and hydrophobic phase are subjected separately to an acid removal step comprising at least one of: physical adsorption of acidic components; chemisorption of acidic components; extraction of acidic components; neutralization of acidic components; and chemical conversion of acidic components. The step (a) comprises impregnating the solid biomass with an aqueous solution of a catalyst; and mechanical treatment of the solid biomass in the presence of a solid particulate catalyst material comprising milling, grinding, and/or kneading. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further involves reacting the dewatered biomass char product with a gas comprising oxygen to thereby convert its fuel value into thermal energy; and using the thermal energy. In process (P1), the first temperature is 200-345 degrees C (400-650 degrees F). The process (P1) further involves adding an agent for dissolution of at least one polluting or slag-forming element present in the dewatered biomass char product, where the agent comprises an alkali. In process (P1), a portion of the freed water is recycled to the adding step. In process (P1), the removing involves removing water from at least one of the biomass char slurry and the dewatered biomass char product as steam. The process (P1) further involves the step of cooling the aqueous char slurry to a second temperature less than the first temperature, where the second temperature is 40-90 degrees C (100-200 degrees F); discharging the carbon dioxide through flame of at least one of an oxidizer and a process heater. In the process (P1), process water from an adjacent wastewater treatment plant is used in the slurrying step. The process (P1) further involves pretreating at least a portion of the free water to form pretreated water and recycling the pretreated water to an adjacent wastewater treatment plant; and using a digester gas from an adjacent wastewater treatment plant as fuel for the heating step. In process (P2), the removing step involves adding at least one polymer to enhance separation of the free water from the aqueous char slurry. In process (P2), the applying step further involves injecting steam into the slurry. In process (P2), prior to the depressurizing step, a portion of the char slurry is recycled back to the heated, pressurized biosolids. The process (P3) further involves suspending the ruptured biosolids cells in at least the water freed from the biosolids cells. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The chickens from the hencoop are released in the excrement pool to catch the insect, the excrement is turned once for 60 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The functional bacterium agent and characteristic bacterium agent are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:1. The functional bacterium agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Nitrosomonas europaea, Cellulomonas cartae, and Pseudomonas mixed at a volume ratio of 9-13:2-4:3-4:2-3:1-3. The characteristic bacterium agent comprises Acetobacterium wieringae, Azospira oryzae, Brevibacillus brevis, Caldilinea aerophila, Methylocella silvestris, and Rhyodanobacter fulvus. Preferred Composition: Seed liquids of various strains are equally inoculated to the fermenting bacterium liquid, and fermented for 3-5 days at 15-38 degrees C. The microorganism composite bacterium agent is amplified by using potato dextrose agar culture medium as liquid fermenting culture medium, keeping the inoculating amount as 1-5% and the culture temperature at 15-38 degrees C; and fermenting for 1-2 days in a sealed container, ventilating, and breeding for 5-10 days. The liquid bacterium agent is mixed with the active sludge to prepare a sludge bacterium agent. The liquid bacterium agent is mixed with the saw dust to prepare powdery bacterium agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbe in microbial agent is Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Thermoactinomyces, or Streptomyces avermitilis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Step (C) further comprises inoculating the separated and purified yeast strain in 250-ml triangular bottle provided with 100 ml YPD culture base at 30 degrees C; culturing for 72 hours via shaking bed at 160 revolutions/minute; and obtaining yeast strain suspension liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of calcium chloride solution is 5-10, preferably 5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Step (A) further comprises dissolving sodium alginate and YPD culture base in water; heating and dissolving; cooling to room temperature; adding sodium bicarbonate and polyethylene glycol; adding kaolin; agitating to dissolve; absorbing by injector connected with pinhead; dropping the mixture in flat container containing 10% calcium chloride solution at constant speed via 1.5-2.0 mm small hole to form gel bead; simultaneously agitating by magnetic agitator; and uniformly contacting sodium alginate with crosslinking agent. Step (B) comprises washing calcium ion on surface of gel grain using purified water; putting the gel grain in a flask containing water and sealing at 121 degrees C; sterilizing for 10 minutes at high pressure; and obtaining porous gel grain. The weight ratio of sodium alginate, kaolin, sodium bicarbonate, and polyethylene glycol is 3.20%:2%:6%:1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The P.elgii is present in plant root for long time and produce stable and large amount of extracellular polysaccharide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Fungicide; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen carrier is normal hexane or n-dodecane. The oxygen carrier and the surfactant are in a volume ratio of 5-50 to 1000. The strain culture medium comprises (in g/l) sorbierite (50-80), yeast extract (10-40) and monopotassium phosphate (0.5-2). The fermentation medium comprises (in g/l) sorbierite (50-80), yeast extract (10-40) and monopotassium phosphate (0.5-2). The surfactant (0.2-2 g/l of fermentation medium) added to the fermentation medium comprises Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) (preferred), stearic acid or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The greasy material is coconut husk or palm berries. The pellet comprises multiple furnaces which are connected inside longitudinally. The pellet further comprises intrinsic color component. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dilignification reagent is selected from sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sulfate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, chlorine, oxygen, chlorine dioxide, and/or hydrogen peroxide. A catalyst is added in the liquefaction reaction. It is selected from acid catalysts, alkaline catalysts, salt catalysts, or molecular sieve catalysts. Protection gas is added in the liquefaction reaction. It is selected from inert gases or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass is selected from plant seeds, straws, trees, pastures, rice husks, sugar residues, saw dust, bits of wood, seaweeds, rubbishes, and/or livestock manures. The solvent is oxygen-containing organic solvent selected from methanol, alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, diethyl ether, epoxypropane, methyl tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, acetone, butanone, formaldehyde, aldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and/or propyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Lignin in the dilignification-preprocessed biomass is at 30-95 wt.%, based on lignin in the unprocessed biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The saccharification and fermentation steps are performed using Klebsiella oxytoca, Brettanomyces curstersii, Saccharomyces uvzrun, and Candida brassicae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves saccharifying the biomass (100 parts weight) using diastatic enzyme (20 parts weight). The saccharification and fermentation steps are performed in a single reactor. Preferred Component: The diastatic enzyme is cellulose, xylanase, beta -glucosidase or their mixture. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The alkane gas is liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas and propane gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) weighing the powdered basic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by a microcomputer, filling the powder into a granulator, supplying liquid ammonia, filling the mixture into the material layer of the granulator, finishing the granulation, controlling granulator temperature at 60-70 degrees C, and granulating for 3-7 minutes, (b) adding the granules into a dryer, and drying the granules for 20-40 minutes at 100-115 degrees C, and (c) conveying the dried granules into a cooling system, sieving the granules, crushing the sieved granules, conveying qualified products into an enveloping machine, performing anti-blocking treatment process, and storing enveloped product in a material chamber for package. The phosphorus pentoxide content in the final product is at least 15%. Washing water is used for supplementing the liquid phase needed for granulation process. The sieve diameter for the sieved granules is 2-3 mm. The basic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is a mixture of monoammonium phosphate and triple superphosphate with urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, where the dosage of the basic fertilizer are determined according to nutrient and moisture of the final product. The amount of urea is 20 %mass or more of the total mass, where the urea is crushed and added. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves cooling the dried manure, where the temperature of the material is 35 degrees C or less. The method further involves adding materials chosen from nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and microelement fertilizer to the guniting and prilling machine. Preferred Composition: The microbial manure has particle diameter of 1-4 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The bacterium is chosen from Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium and B.mucilagimosus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The prilling machine is disk prilling machine or roller prilling machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Amino Acid: The waste amino acid is a by-product obtained during glutamic acid and monosodium glutamate producing process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst precursor is prepared at 100-150 preferably 110-130 degrees C for 2-15 preferably 5-10 hours, with stirring. The baking step is carried out at 600-800 degrees C. Preferred Component: The catalyst carrier is aluminum oxide and/or nickel aluminum compound; composition of aluminum oxide with zirconium oxide; or composition of aluminum oxide, nickel aluminum compound with the zirconium oxide. The carrier can be composition of aluminum oxide with magnesium oxide; composition of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide with nickel aluminum compound; composition of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide with magnesium aluminum compound; or composition of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and nickel aluminum compound with magnesium aluminum compound. The nickel aluminum compound comprises nickel aluminum oxide spinel structure. The atom ratio of zirconium and aluminum contained in carrier is 0.1-1.45. The atom ratio of magnesium and aluminum contained in carrier is 0.1-2.0. The rare earth auxiliary in catalyst is lanthanum oxide with adding quantity of 0.1-15% based on total weight of active component, carrier and auxiliary. The raw material comprises carbonate of nickel, aluminum, zirconium, magnesium and lanthanum, basic carbonate or nitrate. It is added with nitric acid solution to form solution. The aluminum raw material comprises aluminum hydroxide or boehmite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water-soluble slowly released alkali comprises Quadrol (RTM: N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl) ethylene-diamine), ethanolamine, diethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylene tetramine, hexamine, butyl amine, and/or preferably urea. It is 1-8 preferably 2-4 times of quantity of alkali needed by each component deposition in raw material mixing solution for synthesizing catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The specific bacteria strain is Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum, Ochrobactrum tritici, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus megaterium, Thiobacillus thioparus or denitrifying bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon material is bamboo charcoal and/or charcoal. Preferred Method: The carbon material is screened via 20-600-mesh sieve after crushing, and the drying step after filtering is carried out at 40-120 degrees C. The chemical modified carbon powder is dried at 30-90 degrees C. The steps of mixing and culturing the mixed chemical modified carbon powder and bacteria suspension are proceeded at 10-40 degrees C and 120-200 revolutions/minute. The carbon modified sewage scavenger is dried at temperature of 20-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The heating furnace is resistive heater, infrared heater or microwave heater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activated carbon with high specific surface area comprises amorphous carbon-based material of more than 90%; the diameter of the activated carbon material is 10-40 nm; the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of the activated carbon material is 2500-3600 m2/g; the total pore volume is 2.5-3.2 cm2/g; the middle pore volume is 1.6-2.2 cm2/g; and the average aperture is 2.8-3.1 nm. The nano porcelain is nano zirconium oxide, silicon chloride whisker, nano silicon carbide, nano titanium carbide, nano yttrium oxide, nano silicon chloride, nano titanium chloride, nano aluminum chloride or nano zirconium carbide; the metal oxide is aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide or zirconium oxide; and carbonate is calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen and/or argon. The strong alkali compound activator is strong alkali compound activator of potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), KOH/NaOH, KOH/LiOH or NaOH/LiOH. The cleaning agent is distilled water, ethanol, acetone or ether. Preferred Process: The absorption pressure is 1-2.0 MPa; the temperature is room temperature; and the airflow rate is 0.7 m/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Gene: The hydronenase gene is hupS and hupL gene. The hupS gene comprises a 1107 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The hupL gene comprises a 1788 base pair sequence of (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The nitrogenase gene is nifK gene and nifD-nifH gene pair. The nifK gene comprises a 1521 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 7) fully defined in the specification. The nifD-nifH gene pair comprises a 2543 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Cell: The host cell is E.coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The host cell is cultured in a titer medium for producing hydrogen as given in table 2 provided in the patent specification. Preferred Method: The host cell is cultured at 29-31 degrees C while shaking at 140-150 revolutions/minute. The cultivation is performed in immobilized state. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The V-shaped included angle of the streaming slope board is 164 degrees , which is symmetrically distributed along the diameter of the feed inlet and the screw distributing device, and is arranged at 1/4 of the diameter of the tank body. The methane generating tank further comprises a second tank body. The second tank body and the main body tank are arranged vertically and are parallel to each other. The upper part of the second tank body is communicated with the feed inlet by installing a methane liquid return pipe for adjusting the feed concentration. A slagging cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the second tank body. The slagging cylinder is communicated with the feed outlet of the main body cylinder. The methane generating tank and the second tank body are cylinder tank bodies, which are made of glass steel. The included angle of the feed inlet and the side of the main tank is 45 degrees . The feed inlet and the diameter of the feed inlet and the screw distributing device generate an included angle of 3 degrees to ensure that the new material that enters generates a lateral pressure to push the central screw distributing device at the bottom to rotate. A reserve pipe is arranged at the lower position of the feed inlet to communicate with a toilet. An insulating layer is arranged outside the methane generating tank. The insulating layer is made of insulating materials e.g. oven coke, rice hull or bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is more than one of iron, zinc, boron, manganese and molybdenum. The pH is regulated using 20-40% of sodium hydroxide. The zinc is added to the mixture in the form of zinc sulfate. The copper is added to the mixture in the form of copper sulfate. The boron is added to the mixture in the form of borax. The manganese is added to the mixture in the form of manganese sulfate. The iron is added to the mixture in the form of ferrous sulfate. The molybdenum is added to the mixture in the form of molybdenum sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-fermentation agent is calcium carbonate (CaCO3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total weight of the components of orange peel residue biomass energy particle is 100 wt.%. The agriculture and forest waste is bark, branch, sawdust, straw, rice shell, bits of bamboo, sunflower seed shell, peanut shell, melon seed shell, or pine nut.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The proportion of the inoculum added in the step (iii) is 40-80% of the straw shavings. The anaerobic fermentation temperature is controlled to 30-55 degrees C and the fermentation time is 15-30 days. The thermal pressing temperature in the step (viii) is 150-200 degrees C. The thermal pressing time is 20-50 seconds/mm. The maximal pressure of the thermal pressing is 2.5-3.5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The classification of garbage involves unloading material on a plate-type feeder having hole plates with diameter of 5 mm, filtering wastewater in garbage, transporting remaining garbage to a broken bag mixing machine via plate type feeder, supplying garbage at outlet of broken bag mixing machine directly into belt conveyer, transmitting garbage to sieving machine, and sieving. The filtered water and remaining garbage are mixed, and sterilized. A stirring device is arranged for heating the materials in a sterilizing pot. Methane is obtained by one-phase completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) anaerobic digestion or two-phase CSTR anaerobic digestion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding waste oil into a treatment tank; adding hot water (18-22 wt.% based on the weight of waste oil), where temperature of hot water is 90-95 degrees C; blending for 15-25 minutes at 60-80 degrees C; standing and precipitating to make the impurity mixture in grease dissolve in water and form separated layers, where lower layer of impure mixture discharges from the tank bottom; removing the water in the raw material and obtaining standard raw material oil; fully mixing the raw material oil and methanol by a static mixer and mixing with solid acid catalyst to form mixture material, where weight ratio of mixed materials is 100:18-22:5-7; transferring the mixture into a synthesis reactor, which comprises a heater, a condenser, and a blender; heating the mixed material in a reactor and controlling the reaction temperature at 68-72 degrees C; refluxing methanol by a condenser; under full blending condition by the blender, controlling the reaction time for 160-200 minutes; when the detected methyl ester content reaches more than 98%, ending the reaction; settling the reaction mixture to obtain glycerin and crude diesel; centrifuging to separate; transferring glycerin to glycerin refining step; and transferring the crude diesel to high-position crude diesel intermediate tank. The synthesis reactor is a kettle-type synthesis reactor. The centrifuge is a disc-type centrifuge. The detection of methyl ester content comprises using gas chromatography.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The solid acid catalyst includes arsenic oxide, germanium oxide, antimony oxide, inorganic salt of heteropolyacid, solid superacid, and/or zeolite molecular sieve cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium in first tank and second tank comprises (in parts): glucose (5-20), corn steep liquor (5-15), peptone (2-8) and monopotassium phosphate (2-5) at pH of 7-7.4. The final concentration of cardiac glycoside aglycone compound is 0.1-1 g/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cardiac glycoside aglycone compound is digoxigenin or 3-oxodigoxigenin. The cardiac glycoside aglycone compound is of formula (I).R1,R2=oxo, H, alpha -OH, beta -OH or acetyl;R3-R5= alpha -H, beta -H, OH, CH3, acetyl or aldehyde;andC'1,C'2=CH2-CH2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred component: The lignocellulose raw material is chosen from corn stem, wheat stem, rice stem, cotton stem, tobacco stem and moso bamboo. Preferred Method: The steam explosion is performed under pressure of 0.9-2.1 MPa for 1-13 minutes. The solid and liquid are obtained using plate frame separating method or centrifugal separating method. The solid material obtained in the step (b) is separated to obtain long fiber and short fiber using mechanical separating method. The content of methane within biogas is 65-75 vol.% and content of hydrogen sulfide is 100 mg/cm or less. The concentration of the basic solution for processing the solid material in the step (d) is 0.1-2.2 weight/weight%. The basic extracting process is performed at 90-130 degrees C for 1-4 hours. The purity of the lignin product obtained in the step (d) is 63-95% and purity of the cellulose product is 89-99%. The cellulose product is fermented using microorganism for producing lactic acid, fat, butanol and ethanol, modified and ornamented for producing microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose or textile fiber, cracked for preparing polyalcohol, or for preparing paper or textile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw powder is 60-3000 meshes of powdery straw of the crops of wheat, highland barley, straw, maize, soybean, peanut, sugarcane, rapeseed, sesame or cotton seed or its cake residue without oil. The alcohol amine is diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine or diisopropanolamine. The natural oil is an animal oil or a vegetable oil.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of the sludge and the coal powder is 1:8 to 8:1. The combustion catalyst with alkali metal compound comprises lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, oxalate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as the sludge biological fuel. The combustion catalyst is present at 0.1-0.5 wt.%. The combustion improver is present at 0.1-0.3 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer compound comprises polyethylene ethanol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene acetone and polyethylene carbinol. It is present at 0.01-1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The bentonite powder is of 80-150 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The humic acid powder is of 50-140 mesh. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The special fertilizer is applied by first cleaning I. indigotica residue on the land; applying 1500-2600 kg of special fertilizer/667 m2; plowing into deep soil layer of 15-30 cm; and planting I. indigotica during spring in the next year (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The disease and insect resisting bacterium fertilizer comprises (kg) plant straws (400, 380, or 420), dry chicken manure (90, 80, 115, or 100), shale (200, 180, or 220), bran (60, 68, 210, or 80), bone powder (40, 46, 55, or 50), fish powder (40, 50, or 57), bean pulp (90, 80, 120, or 100), water (560, 500, 580, or 540), fermenting bacterium (9, 8, or 12), and toosedarin (20, 18, or 22). ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Plant Protectant; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of eluting ethanol of the macroporous absorption resin is 40%. The amount of the eluting ethanol is 5 times of the column volume. The level number of the counter current extraction is 8; and the volume ratio of the total amount of the condensing liquid and the mixing solvent is 1:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous absorption resin is HPD700 type, H50 type, and AB type macroporous absorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silver-silver salt has average aperture of 30-350 nm. Preferred Composition: The precipitator is halogenated salt, halo acid, soluble acetate or acetic acid. The soluble silver salt is silver nitrate. The precipitator is of formula: RX.R=H, sodium or potassium.Preferred Process: The esterification reaction is performed using acetate of manganese, magnesium and zinc as catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The stabilizing agent is further added during manufacture of composite material. The stabilizing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fluidized and catalytically cracking of gas is carried out using carbon monooxide and methane in smoke as reducing agents to catalytically reduce nitric oxide in smoke.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises total content of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide (N+P2O5+K2O) of not less than 6%, organic substance of 30%, and active beneficial bacteria of 0.05 billion/g. The microelements are microelements for feed including cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, or zinc. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Immunostimulant; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Sodium hydroxide is provided as an activator, where the weight ratio of sodium hydroxide to the coal ash is 1.3:1-1:1 and the burning temperature is 500-600 degrees C. The ratio of the molten coal ash to condensed sea water is 1:5-1:10 g/ml, and the salt degree of condensed sea water is 4.2-8.8 %, and the elements in condensed sea water participate in synthesis of zeolite. The temperature of hydro-thermal reaction is 35-100 degrees C, and the hydrothermal crystallization is performed for 6-7 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of ester-type monomer (I), carboxy-type monomer (II) and furan-2,5-dione monomer is 0.1-0.89:0.1-0.89:0.01-0.2. The ester-type monomer (I) is methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate and/or octadecyl (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The nickel-iron hydrogenase protein is isolated from H.marinus. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1781 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Escherichia coli. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): No preparation method is given. Preferred Medium: The medium further comprises alkyl formate. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is E.coli. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: In the apparatus, the fluid path comprises a set of tubular members attached to the collapsible receptacle, each member having a free end extending into the reactant zone of the reaction chamber. The free ends of the tubular members are movable with the collapsible receptacle to transport liquid reactant component to unreacted solid reactant component within the reactant zone. The free ends of the tubular members are initially disposed in a distal portion of the reactant zone relative to the moveable partition and are moveable toward a proximal portion of the reactant zone relative to the moveable partition. The liquid reactant control system comprises a valve; and a pressure regulator attached to the valve, where pressure regulator is positioned within the collapsible receptacle. The moveable partition comprises a porous material. The solid reactant component comprises a chemical hydride and the liquid reactant component comprises water. The chemical hydride comprises sodium borohydride. The solid reactant component comprises sodium silicide and the liquid reactant component comprises water. The moveable partition is a slidable partition that slides within the reaction chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method of preparing an imine, the imine is formed at room temperature. The method of forming an imine comprises using the solvent. In the method of determining the optimal polarity of the solvent, the step of modifying the polarity of the solvent comprises mixing ethyl lactate and water to achieve a desired polarity level, where the water is added in an amount of up to 40 wt.% of the solvent mixture. Preferred Components: The green solvent includes at least two of the attributes comprising: being approved by a governmental regulatory agency as a food additive; being derived from renewable resources; and being biodegradable. The solvent comprises ethyl lactate and/or water. The solvent comprises 0-40 wt.% of water. EXAMPLE - Ethyl lactate (90%), water (10%), phenylamine and 4-bromo-benzaldehyde were mixed until a homogenous mixture was formed. Then, the resultant mixture was allowed to stand undisturbed for sometime, to give N-(4-bromobenzylidene)aniline (99% yield).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: A portion of the reactive metal particles comprise nanoparticles having an oxide shell. The reactive metal particles comprise metal(s) from groups 3-16, lanthanides, and/or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inlet port gas component of reforming reactor has 5.5-6% of methane gas, 50-55% of hydrogen, 20-25% of water and residual carbon oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The circulating gas dormitory is controlled by reactor inlet port gas temperature of 800-850 degrees C so that methane concentration of reactor exit will be less than or equal to 3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Cooling unit is an air flow cooling unit. Discharge part is a highsolid-gas ratio transport unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Carbonized material is cooled to less than or equal to 80 degrees C. The fuel ratio of biomass is greater than or equal to 2 and is preserved after carbonization at conditions with less than or equal to 5% oxygen concentration to prevent humidification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of hydrogen is 2.2 mol or more with respect to oxygen concentration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the waste tea grounds to water is 1-2/1-8. Preferred Component: The water is waste water. Preferred Method: The mixture of waste tea grounds and water is pre-processed before the anaerobic reaction by subjecting to aeration, regulating the pH value to 6-8 and regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 15-40/1. The step (b) involves controlling the fermentation temperature to be 10-40 degrees C and pH value to be 6-8 in anaerobic condition with continuous stirring. The step (b) is performed in a USR reactor. The obtained methane is water-sealed, dehydrated and desulfurized to be stored. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The waste heat is withdrawn from primary air or secondary air of the clinker cooler. The heat exchanger is arranged in a tertiary air pipe of the device for producing cement, and thus the heat of the tertiary air pipe is withdrawn. A bypass pipe is connected parallel to the heat exchanger, through which the temperature of the feeding air arriving at the burner is adjusted. A partial amount of gas is removed from the compressed feeding air through a branching in the form of a valve immediately downstream the heat exchanger, and is supplied into the crushing device. The branching is provided for the compressed and heated feeding air, where the branching supplies the compressed and heated feeding air to the crushing device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are halotolerant preferably halophilic microorganisms comprising natural habitat. The halophilic microorganisms are Vibrio, Halomonas, Marinomonas, Chromohalobacter and Halobacillus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: (a) feeding the brine-containing divalent cations, preferably calcium and magnesium, to a scrubber system-containing at least one inoculated microorganism that exhibits a carbonic anhydrase activity; (b) optionally adding an alkaline material in order to reach a pH of at least 6; (c) capturing carbon dioxide released from the associated power plant as dissolved bicarbonate and precipitated carbonate with the same as, or other microorganisms than, used in step (a); and (d) recovering precipitated carbonate- and bicarbonate-enriched brine for further use. The method further comprises injecting the bicarbonate- and carbonate-enriched brine in geological structures, where further microbiological precipitation takes place. Preferred Components: The alkaline material is natural, industrial or agricultural sources, preferably from gypsum, slag, red mud, alkaline manure or lime. The geological structure is deep saline aquifers, depleted oil fields, empty quarries or saline lagoons. The precipitated carbonate slurry is stored at the surface, optionally with alkaline material, over a large polder like decantation area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Cunninghamella elegans (Lendner) species is deposited under the accession number DSMZ18657. The fungal biomass has been grown on a medium containing a carbon source. The medium for growing the fungal mass further contains salts and proteins. The fungal biomass is autoclaved or lyophilized before use. The fungal biomass is used for untreated spent dye baths or after any of primary, secondary or tertiary treatment for the treatment of the wastewaters or effluents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is selected form starch and/or glucose (preferably starch). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves contacting the medium with recombinant yeast and performing batch fermentation or continuous fermentation under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions. The method further involves recovering isobutanol from the fermentation medium by distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, decantation, pervaporation or their combinations. The fermentation medium further comprises water, where the isobutanol and water form a heterogeneous azeotrope. The method further involves recovering isobutanol from the azeotrope by distillation and decantation. The microorganism produces isobutanol as a single product. The fermentation medium further comprises mixture of unpurified carbon substrates. The method involves contacting the medium with recombinant microorganism at 25-40 degrees C. One or more enzymes of engineered isobutanol biosynthetic pathway use NADH as an electron donor. The alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme of step (v) is a native enzyme of the yeast. The steps (a)-(e) are performed using separate and distinct enzymes. The isobutanol is produced in the fermentation medium. The isobutanol is produced in one or more of the growth phases chosen from high growth log phase, moderate through static lag phase, stationary phase, steady-state growth phase, and their combinations. The recombinant yeast is a whole cell catalyst subjected to conditions for isobutanol production. The recombinant yeast further comprises inactivated genes for reducing yield loss from competing pathways for carbon flow. The inactivated genes of recombinant yeast reduce pyruvate decarboxylase activity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolytic solution used in the active ionized gas generation apparatus is the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and limonite aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The dynamic viscosity of refrigerator oil main component and secondary polyol-ester oil at 40 degrees C, is 10 mm2/second or less and 130 mm2/second or more, respectively. The contact pressure of sliding portion formed using ferrous material in reciprocating compressor, is 10 MPa or more. The secondary polyol-ester oil has adsorption capability higher than refrigeration oil main component by 1.6 or more, with respect to ferrous material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface of electrolyte is made into porous shape by acid etching carried out using hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or hypophosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon degradation bacteria is selected from Achromobacter sp, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes sp, Chromobacterium, Halomonas, Serratia, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The activated sludge is acclimated by using glucose and diesel fuel as simulated wastewater to perform acclimation to activated sludge (first acclimation); and using slurry solution of the drilling waste as simulated wastewater to perform acclimation to activated sludge (second acclimation), where slurry solution of drilling waste is formed by mixing drilling waste of oil fields and water by a weight ratio of 1:1-1:10 and adding nutritive salt of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) by weight ratio of 100:5:1:0.05:0.05. The wt. ratio of chemical oxygen demand, N, P, Mg and Fe is 100:5:1:0.05:0.05. The time of first acclimation stage is 20-24 days. Diesel fuel provides microorganism with carbon source needed by growth of microorganism in first acclimation stage. The concentration of diesel fuel is controlled to 20-80mg/L. The time of second acclimation stage is 20-36 days. Slurry solution of drilling waste provides microorganism with carbon source needed by growth of microorganism in second acclimation stage. The concentration of slurry solution is controlled to 2-10g/L. The temperature in acclimation stages is kept at 20-35 degrees C. The water inlet COD of simulated wastewater is 500-1000 mg/L. About 24 hours is a cycle in each acclimation stage, where 5 procedures are successively performed in each cycle, which are standing, water inputting, aeration, settlement and siphon drainage. About 5-50 mL of hydrocarbon degradation bacteria is added in during anoxic treatment. The pH value is controlled at 8-9 during the preprocessing treatment. The pH value is controlled at 7.0-7.5 during the anoxic treatment. The pH value is controlled at 7.5-8.0 during the aerobic treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The enzyme is protease, cellulase, esterase, pectinase, amylase, nattokinase, dehydrogenase, or oxidation-reduction enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic salt is salts containing calcium, manganese, iron, magnesium, or molybdenum elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier is chitosan or mixture of chitosan and chitin. The chitosan has molecular weight of 50000-500000, preferably 100000-300000 Da. The organic acid is acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, or benzoic acid. The nutrient substances comprise nucleic acid, vitamin, inorganic salt, and saccharide at weight part ratio of 1:0.001-0.1:0.001-0.5:10-1000. The nucleic acid is yeast ribonucleic acid, yeast powder enriched with nucleic acid, or yeast soaked powder. The vitamin is B vitamins. The saccharide is glucose, galactose, mannose, cane sugar, fructose, or starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixing involves sonication for six hours. Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticle is an iron oxide nanoparticle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic surfactant is selected from a 14-22C saturated and/or unsaturated long chain fatty acid (preferably oleic acid). The hydroxyl-containing compound is selected from an alcohol, diol, carboxylic acid, and hydroxide (preferably dopamine and silicon hydroxide). The reactive species is an amino acid selected from aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, and serine; or a palladium-containing compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The heating unit and stirring unit are provided in airtight container. A circulation pump (D) is connected with container, and contents are circulated between inlet piping and exit piping.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The foaming is suppressed by changing composition of the fermented liquor in the methane fermentation tank. The foaming is suppressed by reducing quantity of polymer flocculant and/or viscous microorganism in the fermented liquor in the methane fermentation tank. The method involves supplying organic waste containing antifoaming agent to the methane fermentation tank and suppressing foaming. The method involves sprinkling water from upper gaseous phase to the methane fermentation tank and suppressing foaming. The method involves removing foam from the tank and suppressing foaming in the tank. The method involves measuring temperature of several positions which are different in a height direction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl carbon chain of the surfactant contains 10-14C, where the chain, is not linear and includes methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl side groups, such as 2-propylheptyl alcohol polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated. The second amine besides isopropylamine is 2-ethylhexyl amine. The number of ethylene oxide or propyleneoxide monomers in the chain is 2-20, preferably 5-10. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 4.2-5 in order to improve the solubility of glyphosate well out of its isoelectric point of pH 1.5. The proportion of the 3C and 4-10C amines is to achieve a lipophilic-hydrophilic compromise to make soluble at the same time glyphosate and the surfactant. The branched alkyl alcoholpolyethoxylated or polypropoxylated is mixed in a proportion of 1-99% with linear or branched alkyl amines polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated, alkylphosphonic acids polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g): water (460); isopropylamine (100); 2-ethylhexylamine (65); 2-propylheptylalcohol polyethoxylated (180); and glyphosate 95% (380).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Fuel: The thermal compression molding of composition is performed at 80-150 degrees C. The solid fuel has heat emission value of 15-30 MJ/kg, average size of 15-3500 cm3 per piece, apparent specific gravity of 0.3-0.6 g/cm3 and crushing ratio of 5 wt.% or less when measured by form maintenance stability test. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 80 wt.%, preferably 85 wt.% or more of dried material of A.donax, L.leucocephala, sugarcane, cassava, straw, seaweed or algae. EXAMPLE - Dried residue of Arundo donax was added into twin screw extruder and heated at 130 degrees C. The obtained solid fuel was cylindrical in shape with extrusion diameter of 50 mm and length of 65 mm. The obtained solid fuel had specific gravity of 0.4 g/cm3 and heat emission value of 26.86 MJ/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicate (75-95 wt.%), is sodium silicate or potassium silicate. The catalyst is present in an amount of 5-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfonate is a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate or its sodium salt (preferably sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate). The sulfate is a fatty alcohol sulfate or an alkyl sulfate or its sodium salt (preferably sodium lauryl ether sulfate). The glycol is a diol (preferably alkylene diol, especially ethylene glycol). Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves: d) drying the rigid pellets using a flow of air. The steps a)-d) are carried out contemporaneously. The method (M1) and (M2) is carried out without requiring a separate active curing step or steps; and involves: the addition of at least one further ingredient selected from lime, organic binders, silicates, cements and waterproofing additives. In the method (M1) and (M2), the binder is sprayed on to the particulate material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The food waste materials are meal from home, restaurant and mess hall that comprises rice, flours, vegetables, animal oils, plant oils and spurs. The structure adjusting agent includes waste newspapers, chips and straws.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of content of water with respect to content of high temperature volatile oil, animal-and-vegetable oil and biodiesel fuel is 5:95-40:60. The high-temperature volatile oil is light oil, kerosene, gasoline, and/or heavy oil. The emulsion fuel further comprises an emulsifier. Preferred Property: The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of emulsifier is 2-15, and calculated by a relation: (( sigma )inorganic value/( sigma )organic valuex 10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte support comprises lanthanum strontium gallium magnesium oxide (La(0.9)Sr(0.1)Ga(0.8)Mg(0.2)O3). The perovskite comprises strontium iron molybdenum oxide (Sr2Fe(1.5)Mo(0.5)O(6- delta )).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The biological oxygen demand (BOD)/chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) value is greater than or equal to 0.4. Preferred Process: The processing method further involves determining ratio of addition amount of materials other than methanol in hydrogen donor and methanol by total nitrogen concentration and manganese chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) in treated water, and adding oil containing wastewater discharged from iron mill as hydrogen donor other than methanol. Preferred Composition: The nitrogen containing wastewater is nitric acid containing wastewater generated at stainless acid wash process of iron mill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In producing highly purified hydrogen, in the CO selective-adsorbent initial stage purge process, pressure reduction operation of CO adsorption removal device is performed at the time of the distribution of the hydrogen storage off gas. The hydrogen storage off gas stored in CO selective adsorbent of CO adsorption removal device at the hydrogen storage off-gas storage process is circulated, and initial stage reproduction of the CO selective adsorbent is performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: In the hydrogen-producing material, the substance currently added is silicon dioxide (SiO2). The hydrogen storage metal is iron (Fe) or magnesium (Mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A substance (a) which does not acts as growth catalyst, is prepared during growth process. The substance (a) is organic filler molecule having melting point lower than that of the growth temperature of the carbon nanotubes, or inorganic filler molecule having melting point higher than that of the growth temperature of the carbon nanotubes. Preferred Process: Carbon nanotubes are grown by heating the metal microparticle layer at temperature higher than the melting point of amphipatic molecule, and exposing the metal microparticle layer to the source gas atmosphere. A substance which restrict the movement of metal microparticles and a substance which does not suppress the catalytic activity of the metal microparticles, are used during manufacture of carbon nanotubes. A coating layer containing a material different from that of the amphipatic molecule, is formed between layer of amphipatic molecule and surface of metal microparticles. The metal microparticle layer is etched before carbon nanotubes growing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (M1) further involves: (i) maintaining the desired pressure of the hydrogen-rich gas stream (S1) by measuring the flow rate of the stream from the catalyst lock hopper prior to the stream being pressurized; (ii) maintaining the desired pressure of the hydrogen-rich gas stream by sensing the signals to move at least one valve on the catalyst lock hopper; (ii) maintaining the desired pressure of the hydrogen-rich gas stream by sensing the position of at least one valve on the catalyst lock hopper; (iii) maintaining the desired pressure of the hydrogen-rich gas stream by controlling at least one second or feedback controller device operatively connected to the surge minimizing devices and the regulating device to further maintain the hydrogen-rich gas stream pressure at a desired pressure; (iv) maintaining the hydrogen-rich gas stream pressure above a previously determined pressure of the catalyst lock hopper, such that if the pressure of the hydrogen-rich gas stream falls below a desired value, at least a portion of the hydrogen recovery process will be terminated; and (v) activating at least one alarm and at least one mechanism to terminate the hydrogen recovery process. The surge minimizing device is a surge drum (16). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The bacterial colony on the standard yeast mannitol agar culture medium is circular, smooth, semi-transparent, and convex. The convex white mucus bacterial colony is quickly grown using glucose and galactose for generating acid; and using citrate, ammonium salt, nitrite, or nitrate as nitrogen source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The main conversion tank is equipped with an additional top-cross-section with a biodiesel outlet pipe into a biodiesel collecting tank and a narrower bottom-cross-section for the intake of the released glycerin, from which the glycerin discharge pipe is connected to a glycerin-collector tank. The cyclic-analysis processor (3) is equipped with a visible transparent sight glass or visible pipe for a visual or electro-optical examination of the optical density and/or the appearance of the processed mixture to be converted in a cyclic manner during the conversion and/or the phase boundary between the released glycerin and the converted bio-diesel fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Each cyclic step is independently switched on and off. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the process, each of the known circulation stages is also individually switched off. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M3), reduction of compound (VIIa) is carried out at temperature 0-40 degrees C. In the method (M1), the step i), ii) and iiia), in the method (M2) step i') and ii') and in the method (M3) step i'') and ii'') are carried out in organic solvents. In the method (M1) the step i), ii) and iiia) are carried out at a temperature of 25-80 degrees C. In the method (M1), step ii) and iiia), the noble metal catalyst is selected from palladium on carbon and palladium hydroxide on carbon. In the method (M1) in step ii) the hydrogen gas pressure is 3-5 kg/cm. In the method (M1) in step iiia) the hydrogen gas pressure is 20-50 kg/cm. In the method (M1), in step iiia) Bronsted acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid. Preferred Components: The organic solvents are alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and iso-propanol. ACTIVITY - Analgesic; Muscular-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Hypnotic; Antialcoholic; Neuroleptic. No biological data is given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Human alpha 2 delta calcium channel binder.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The animal manure is chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung at mass ratio of 0.5-1.5:1-5:1-4. The organic accessory material is strain rod, rice bran, turfy soil, corn grit and rapeseed slag at mass ratio of 8-12:1-4:4-7:2-5:1-3. The efficient biological strain is bio-enzyme. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Product: The bactericide comprises (in wt.%): several strains chosen from acetic bacteria (20-30), lactic acid bacteria (20-30), butyric acid bacteria (10-20), yeast (5-10) and methane bacteria (20-30). The above-cited strains are separated from biogas and the biogas residues at low temperature environment, and bred selectively at culture temperature of 15 degrees C or less. Preferred Medium: The bacteria is selectively bred in the culture medium which comprises (in %): sucrose (1-2), bean cake powder (5-10), peptone (3-4), beef extract (0.5-1), magnesium sulfate (0.5-1), ammonium sulfate (0.03-0.07), monopotassium phosphate (0.01-0.03) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.01-0.05). The content of strains in each gram of culture medium are 0.5-1.2x 108, 0.3-0.6x 108, 0.2-0.4x 108, 03-0.4x 108, and 1-1.6x 108 respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is straw, corn stem, rice stem, rice husk, shell or grass. The residue after cutting is branch, fork, treetop, bark, tree root, rattan or bush. The residue after bucking is cross after bucking. The residue after processing is slab, wattle, end cutting of bamboo, saw dust, crushed single plate, wooden core, wood shavings, wood block or odd bits. Preferred Composition: The fuel comprises (wt.%): components A (10), components B (50) and components C (40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The animal bones are bones of livestock, birds or wild animals. The fineness of the materials after crushing is 80-200 meshes. The animal and plant waste comprises internal organs of animals and rhizomes, fruits and branches and leaves of plants. The mass of the added water is 1 time that of the mineral materials and the mass of the added water is 1-3 times that of the fermented materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, fluorosilicic acid and/or phosphoric acid. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate, lime water and/or caustic soda solution. The pH value of the materials is 3.5-4.5. The industrial solid waste comprises potassium permanganate residue, kiln potassium ash, electrolyzed manganese oxide residue, yellow phosphorus residue, ammonium molybdate residue, ferrous sulfate residue, zinc ore residue, sulfuric acid residue, silicon iron residue, monoammonium phosphate residue, cement chimney ash, steel making ash and/or iron ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The humic acid raw materials are low coals e.g. peat, lignitous coal and weathered coal. The animal residue comprises poor pork fat residue, beef tallow residue or mutton fat residue. The plant residue comprises colza oil residue, soybean oil residue, tea seed oil residue or peanut oil residue. Preferred Composition: The plant residues further comprises refined oil residue and saponin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic metal salt is cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide, lithium bromide, stannic chloride and titanium tetrachloride (all preferred), copper bromide, copper iodide, copper carbonate, basic cupric carbonate, magnesium carbonate, light magnesium carbonate, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper phosphate, alchlor, stannous chloride, lithium carbonate and/or montmorillonite K-10, and the dosage of the inorganic metal salt is 1-5 times (preferably 1-2 times) greater than that of (I) in molar weight. The trigger is elemental iodine and the dosage of the trigger is 1-5% of the molar weight of (I). The methylating reagent is zinc-copper compound of formula (Zn-Cu/CH2X2), oxygen-sulfur ylide reagent (both preferred), sulfur ylide reagent, triphenylphosphine-methylene reagent, ruthenium carbene or molybdenum carbene, and the dosage of the methylating reagent is 1-3 times (preferably 1-2 times) greater than that of (I) in molar weight. The reacting temperature in the methylation reaction is 0-90 degrees C, preferably 35-80 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction solvent of the cascade reaction is 1, 4-dioxane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide (all preferred), toluene, benzene, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, isopropyl ether, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and/or ethyl acetate. The organic metal compound is triethylaluminum, monochlorotitanocene, titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) (all preferred), diethylzinc, and/or butyltin, and the dosage of the organic metal compound is 1-5 times (preferably 1-2 times) greater than that of (I) in molar weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The catalyst is low anti-sulfur catalyst or non anti-sulfur methanation catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The adsorbent is oxide or mixture of calcium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum and alkaline earth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst is prepared by preparing precursor of nickel (Ni) according to proportion into aqueous solution, loading Ni on the silicon carbide (SiC) carrier by soaking method, drying the material at 80-200 degrees C, reducing in hydrogen at 300-850 degrees C, and obtaining the Ni catalyst loaded on the SiC. The SiC is powder, granular or strip or block through molding and squeezing; where the precursor of the Ni metal is Ni nitrate, Ni chloride, Ni sulfate, Ni acetate, or other soluble Ni salt. The catalyst application is carried out at 0.1-10 MPa and 300-800 degrees C, where the ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is 1:0.1-1:50 (v/v) and the air is 1000-10000/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: About 0.8-1.2 kg of potassium chloride are added in 100 L of E4 ethanol and diesel oil mixed fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: Butyl alcohol or capryl alcohol is added in the E4 ethanol and diesel oil mixed fuel. A cosolvent comprising n-butyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol are further added in fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-solvent having low boiling point is any one of ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, trifluoromethane, trifluorochloromethane, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and/or mixture of any components. The anti-solvent having low boiling point is carbon dioxide, propane is preferred. Preferred Method: The operating process is performed in a high-pressure reaction kettle or a supercritical carbon dioxide crystallizing kettle. The operating temperature for mixing the anti-solvent having low boiling point with rocuronium bromide containing organic solvent and/or impurities is 110 degrees C, preferably 15-50 degrees C and the pressure is 0-35 MPa, preferably 0-16 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The delivery system is a truck having a bed configured to receive the GW, where the truck includes an engine configured to operate using the HLHF. The truck bed is pivotally mounted, thus allowing for dumping of the GW into the GW trough as desired. The GW trough includes at least two of an end configured to position outside of a distillery having an input opening configured to receive GW, an inner end including an access opening configured to allow access to GW located inside of the trough, a batch exit through which GW is moved downstream in the process, and a pitched floor. The system further comprises a mixer for mixing the produced ethanol with at least one of gasoline or diesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The GW is at least one of grape skins, grape seeds or grape stems. Preferred Method: The GW is generated by pressing grapes. The method further comprises: stirring GW placed in the GW trough, where the distilling includes reflux distilling; loading the HLHF into at least one ethanol approved fuel container. The first participant performs at least two of the steps, and the second participant performs at least two of the steps. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The base light oil has total aromatic content of 30 vol.% or less, density of 0.87 g/cm3 at 15 degrees C, sulfur content of 10 mass ppm or less, initial boiling point of 150-220 degrees C and end point of 260-370 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additional catalyst comprises iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: the addition of low boiling alcohol, preferably methanol; and the continuous addition of water. The method is carried out at a temperature of 320-430 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: If the liquid other than water is oil, the methane gas production part produces methane gas by the thermochemical equation CmHn+((4m-n)/4)H2O-/)((4m-n)/8)CO2+((4m+n)/8)CH4+(177.1m-25.5n) MJ/kmol (1). If the liquid other than water is dimethyl ether (DME), the methane gas production part produces methane gas by the thermochemical equation C2H6O+H2O-/)CO2+CH4+2H2+411.3 MJ/kmol (2). If the liquid other than water is oil, hydrogen is produced by the thermochemical equation CmHn+((12m-n)/8)H2O-/)((4m-n)/8)CO2+((4m+n)/8)CO+(3(4m+n)/8)H2+(125.5m- 63.0n) MJ/kmo (3). If the liquid other than water is DME, hydrogen is produced by the thermochemical equation C2H6O+2H2O-/)CO2+CO+5H2+411.3 MJ/kmol (4). Preferred Components: The gas manufacturing apparatus may have a hydrogen gas production part, instead of or in addition to methane gas production part, which generates hydrogen gas using the water mixture as raw material. The methane gas production part has 1st reactor set to 300 plus minus 150 degrees C and 2nd reactor set to 700 plus minus 150 degrees C. The 1st reactor and 2nd reactor are connected, and the heat produced with the 1st reactor is supplied to the 2nd reactor. 1st reactor is cooled by endothermic chemical reaction in the 2nd reactor. The apparatus has a control part which controls the flow volume of water with respect to liquid other than water so that the optimal molar ratio for maximum methane or hydrogen gas is manufactured.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method of treating a biomass material in pellet form by torrefaction to produce a fuel having a higher energy content comprises: preheating the biomass pellets having a size of 6-10 mm and a length of less than 30 mm with microwave energy of 2.45 GHz to a temperature of 80-100 degrees C; drying the biomass pellets with microwave energy of 2.45 GHz at a temperature of 100-200 degrees C; applying microwave radiation of 5.8 GHz to the pre-dried biomass pellets to transfer energy to the biomass pellets and heating the biomass pellets to a temperature of 270 degrees C so that the pellets are substantially uniformly torrefied; and cooling the biomass pellets to allow handling. The microwave energy in step (c) is applied to the biomass material at a frequency of 5.8 GHz. The biomass material is continuously transported through at least steps (a)-(c). In the step (c), the material is heated to a temperature of 270 degrees C. The microwave energy is applied to the biomass material in a neutral atmosphere that is substantially inert to combustion. The neutral atmosphere is taken from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon or combustion gases. The step (c) is undertaken in a vacuum. The surface and volume temperatures of the biomass are at substantially the same selected temperatures. The drying step (b) is completed at a temperature of 140-200 degrees C. The biomass materials are predried prior to torrefaction of the biomass materials by exposure of the biomass materials to another heating means. The microwave energy in steps (a) and (b) is applied to the biomass pellets at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The temperature in step (c) is 270 degrees C. Preferred Components: The biomass material is ligno-cellulosic pellets. The pellet is wood pellets. The wood pellets are pine. The water content in step (b) is 3%. The biomass material is pellets, chips, granules or powder. The pellets are softwood. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The polypeptide (p1) is selected from heterologous xylose transporter, heterologous xylose isomerase, heterologous xylulose kinase, heterologous xylose reductase, and/or heterologous xylitol dehydrogenase. The thraustochytrid cell expresses a heterologous xylose transporter, heterologous xylose isomerase, and heterologous xylulose kinase; or a heterologous xylose transporter, heterologous xylulose kinase, heterologous xylose reductase, and heterologous xylitol dehydrogenase. The polynucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide (p1) associated with xylose import is at least 90% identical to a sequence selected from: the polynucleotide sequence of Accession No. AJ875406, BT015128, AF127802, AJ249910, X59465, or X55392; a polynucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of Accession No. CAB76571; the polynucleotide sequence of 1516 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 2), of 1486 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 3), of 1306 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 6), of 1468 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 7), of 957 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 21), of 1872 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 22) or of 1092 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 23) as given in the specification. The thraustochytrid is a Schizochytrium or a Thraustochytrium. Preferred Method: The method (m2) further involves extracting oil from the biomass and preparing the food product, cosmetic, industrial composition, or pharmaceutical composition from the oil. ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Cardiant; Antiarteriosclerotic; Osteopathic; Antidepressant; Anticonvulsant; Neuroprotective; Antibacterial; Hepatotropic; Antilipemic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The ammonia is converted into ammonium hydroxide, ammonium nitrate, or urea as the desired ammonia product. At least some of the biomass is burned to provide energy to gasify the prepared biomass. The syngas is purified by removing all of the particulate matter, aerosols, halogens, sulfur containing compounds, or volatile organometallics. The biomass is processed using a pelletizer. The syngas is converted into ammonia using an ammonia synthesis reactor. The relative amounts of ammonia product and the ash are adjusted to achieve nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium value of the fertilizer. Hydrogen is removed from the syngas after gasifying but before converting into ammonia. The removed hydrogen is used with the syngas to produce ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gasifying oxidant is a mixture of air and steam. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Units: The pulverizing and separating unit comprises a separator and a pulverizer. The household waste is fed into the separator and impurities in the waste are discharged from the separator. The clean household waste is fed into the pulverizer for pulverizing the waste to form household waste fragments. The microbial tank is mixed with microorganisms, preferably fermentation microorganism including photosynthetic microorganism either under aerobic or anaerobic condition based on the presence of light. The microorganisms are cultured under in presence of activating agent and the obtained culture solution is added into the anaerobic reaction tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is selected from hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, air, ozone, potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An oil material is also used in the preparation of biodiesel. The oil material is selected from natural plant oil, animal oil, partial plant oil, partial animal oil, swill-cooled dirty oil or industrial waste oil. The low-carbon alcohol is selected from methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dried abamectin dreg and methanol or ethanol are added into soaking tank at mass ratio of 1:2-4. The mixed material is conveyed to helical-conveyer depositing centrifuge and centrifuging at 15-20 m3/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oil material is swill oil. The moisture content of the pre-treated oil material is below 1%, and the acid value is 130 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The molar ratio between the oil material and the methanol is 6:1. The temperature of the added methanol in the step (i) is 60 degrees C. The density of the concentrated sulfuric acid added in the step (i) is 98%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises keeping the temperature of material in the reactor at 34-36 degrees C and the oxidation-reduction potential at -300 mV or less in the fermentation process, and stirring and controlling the rotation speed of the rotor at 10-30 revolutions/minute. The inoculation in the step (i) is performed by adding a part of sludge waste to the follow-up fermentation to perform inoculation. The step (iv) comprises retaining 1/5 to 1/3 of the sludge waste as the inoculation material for the next batch of fermentation, and performing aerobic composting stabilization on the rest material, where oxygen concentration in the dump is more than 8%, and the rest material is thoroughly decomposed after 7-14 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Raw material comprises (in parts): Streptomyces fradiae fungicide (0.3-11.8), green muscardine fungicide (0.1-8), Beauveria fungicide (0-8) and zeolite powder (2-5). The biological organic fertilizer is also comprised of powdered rock phosphate (3-20), organic matter-decomposing inoculants (0.1-0.3), refined sugar material (50-100), humic acid powder (0-50) and manioc waste (0-50). The fertilizer is also comprised of feces, dung, bird guano or their mixtures, and cottonseed cake, castor-oil plant cake and humic acid powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation system is connected to methane output system. The aerobic fermenting system is connected to biological fungicide addition system. Preferred Component: The biological fungicide is formed by nitrogen fixation Bacillus, inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacterium, organic phosphate solubilizing bacterium, potassium solubilizing bacterium, and organic material inoculant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The nitrogen-containing fundamental fertilizer is ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, and/or urea. The phosphorus-containing fundamental fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, single superphosphate, and/or heavy superphosphate. The potassium-containing fundamental fertilizer is potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The phosphate rock powder is added at 10-35 wt.%. It has a granularity of 0.05-0.074 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The urea solution is added at 10-50 wt.%, based on 100% urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium comprises (wt.%) urea (45-60), potassium chloride (12-25) and calcium superphosphate (20-32). The trace element fertilizer comprises (wt.%) magnesium sulfate (5-10), boric acid (5-10), humic acid (60-75), and ammonium sulfate (12-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The carbon to nitrogen ratio is 30:1. The water content is 60%. The adding mass of activator is 1-4% of mixture. The height of pile is 1.0-1.3 m. The ventilation speed is 0.2-1.5 m2/minute. The turning process is carried out every 46-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Chemical fertilizer is indirectly used, or chemical fertilizer is firstly harmlessly treated, to avoid using agricultural pesticide in soil. Under premise that antagonistic organism is used to replace soil chemical pesticide, the crop straw is chopped when it is fresh after harvest of the crop. Human and animal manure or biogas slurry are used to wet the straw. Small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are supplied according to situation of the crop and soil and very small amount of other sensitive elements of nitrogen-fixing organism including boron, molybdenum or iron, cobalt, calcium and sulfur is added. Amount of human and animal manure is also added, mixed and piled. Direct sunshine is avoided and after 3-5 days, part of root soil of the root with the root system, is mixed with piled straw for 3-5 days. The straw is uniformly distributed to ground which is ploughed same day, namely ground is instantly ploughed and then is smoothed after it is ploughed. The temperature in temporarily left straw needs to be controlled, when it is more than 35 degrees C, the pile needs to be turned. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the anaerobic reactor, the mixed solution of the sewage and the sludge is bio-chemically reacted under the anaerobic condition (dissolved oxygen concentration is lower than 0.2 mg/L). In the anoxic reactor, the mixed solution of the sewage and the sludge is bio-chemically reacted under the anoxic condition (dissolved oxygen concentration is lower than 0.5 mg/L). In the aerobic reactor, the mixed solution of the sewage and the sludge is bio-chemically reacted under the aerobic condition (dissolved oxygen concentration is higher than 0.5 mg/L).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The polypeptide is isolated from Hansenula polymorpha. Preferred Cell: The host cell is bacteria or yeast. Preferred Organisms: The bacteria are chosen from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, S.choleraesuis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. The yeast is chosen from Pichia, Hansenula and Candida. Preferred Component: The carbon source is chosen from starch, cellulose, pentose, hexose, glycerol, xylose, glucose, arabinose, mannose and galactose. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus reuteri.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is lactic acid or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A wood chip with dehydrated surface layer part is placed in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid to sulfonate at 160-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The large-pore zeolite is BEA-type zeolite, FAU-type zeolite, and MOR-type zeolite, preferably BEA-type zeolite. The catalyst further contains phosphorus. The raw material oil is light oil generated with fluid catalytic cracker. Preferred Condition: The raw material oil and catalyst are contacted at 450-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biomass is hierarchically filled in order starting from high lignin content. The mixture of first and second biomass is positioned in between the first biomass and second biomass. The thickness of the layer applied to decomposition-product outflow port direction from pressurized hot water inflow port direction of each biomass based on the decomposition time of each biomass is adjusted, so that a monosaccharide is not produced within the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass processing apparatus further comprises ethanol fermenter which produces ethanol by carrying out alcoholic fermentation of monosaccharide produced by decomposing polysaccharide, solid acid catalyst reaction tank which supplies solid acid catalyst for decomposing polysaccharide, and acidic water adjustment tank which supplies organic acid collected in liquid mixture of monosaccharide to pressurized hot water to produce acidic water by adding carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The other adsorbent of composition is activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The organic acid has melting point of 90 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The molar equivalence ratio of carboxyl group of aromatic amino sulfonic acid and organic acid is 1:0.75-1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The low-pressure floating housing-type methane storage tank in the sunlight shed is composed of an upper part and a lower part. The upper part is a floating housing-type methane storage tank made of metal material. The lower part is a liquid storage pool made of reinforced concrete or metal material and filled with the liquid. One part of side walls of the methane fermenting pool or tank and the side wall of the lower part of the liquid storage pool of the low-pressure floating housing-type methane storage tank form a connecting structure. The internal underground methane fermenting pool or tank is made of metal or reinforced concrete material. An expanded perlite insulation layer is arranged on the over-ground wall body of the sunlight shed. A polystyrene insulation layer is arranged on the underground foundation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether and methanol is 4-12 parts weight (preferably, 5-9 parts weight) and 88-96 parts weight (preferably, 91-95 parts weight), respectively. The total weight of dimethyl ether and methanol is 100 parts weight. The content of the ether-based fuel is 1-99 weight%, preferably 10-90 weight%. The gasoline is chosen from NO.90, NO.93, NO.97, NO.100 and NO.103 gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether and methanol is 4-12 parts weight (preferably, 5-9 parts weight), 88-96 parts weight (preferably, 91-95 parts weight), and 0.005-0.5 parts weight (preferably, 0.01-0.1 parts weight), respectively. The total weight of dimethyl ether and methanol is 100 parts weight. The fuel further contains water, castor oil and/or succinimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, methanol and water is 4-12 parts weight (preferably, 5-9 parts weight), 88-96 parts weight (preferably, 91-95 parts weight) and 5.3-16.3 parts weight (preferably, 6.4-11.1 parts weight), respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, methanol and castor oil is 4-12 parts weight (preferably, 5-9 parts weight), 88-96 parts weight (preferably, 91-95 parts weight) and 0.5-2 parts weight (0.8-1.2 parts weight), respectively. The content of ether-based fuel is 1-99 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, methanol and succinimide with respect to 100 parts weight of dimethyl ether and methanol is 4-12 parts weight (preferably 5-9 parts weight), 88-96 parts weight (preferably 91-95 parts weight) and 0.005-0.02 parts weight (preferably 0.008-0.12 parts weight), respectively. The blended fuel contains 1-99 wt.%, preferably 10-90 wt.% of ether-based fuel. The gasoline is No.90 gasoline, No.93 gasoline, No.97, No.100 or No.103 gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether and ethanol is 4-15 parts weight (preferably 8-15 parts weight, more preferably 10-15 parts weight) and 85-92 parts weight (preferably 85-92 parts weight, more preferably 85-90 parts weight), respectively. The blended fuel contains 1-99 wt.%, preferably 10-90 wt.% of ether-based fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, ethanol and succinimide with respect to 100 parts weight of dimethyl ether and ethanol is 4-15 parts weight (preferably 8-15 parts weight and more preferably 10-15 parts weight), 85-96 parts weight (preferably 85-92 parts weight and more preferably 85-90 parts weight) and 0.005-0.02 parts weight (preferably 0.006-0.15 parts weight and more preferably 0.008-0.012 parts weight), respectively. The blended fuel contains 1-99 wt.%, preferably 10-90 wt.% of ether-based fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, ethanol and t-butyl alcohol with respect to 100 parts weight of dimethyl ether and ethanol is 4-15 parts weight (preferably 8-15 parts weight and more preferably 10-15 parts weight), 85-96 parts weight (preferably 85-92 parts weight and more preferably 85-90 parts weight) and 0.5-0.2 parts weight (preferably 0.7-1.5 parts weight and more preferably 0.8-1.2 parts weight), respectively. The blended fuel contains 1-99 wt.%, preferably 10-90 wt.% of ether-based fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol is 4-15 parts weight (preferably, 10-15 parts weight), 85-96 parts weight (preferably, 85-90 parts weight) and 0.005-0.5 parts weight (preferably, 0.009-0.012 parts weight), respectively. The ether-based fuel further contains additive chosen from tertiary butyl alcohol and succinimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-metal base is made of polytetrafluoroethylene puck and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) puck.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is used only and/or together with other vegetable and/or animal feedstock and residues as a raw material for fermentation in biogas plants. The biomass is used together with residues from potato-, peas-, corn-, alcohol-, beer-, wine- or dried fruit-processing, further aqueous fermentation residues and fermentation substrates that are loaded to a part of mucilage components and have high nitrogen- and phosphate-loading, as a raw material for fermentation in biogas plants. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Issatchenkia is I.orientalis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The parallel saccharification fermentation process is carried out at 35-45 degrees C for 15-35 hours. The cellulose biomass containing slurry has pH of 3-7. The content of cellulase is 10 or more units with respect to cellulose biomass substrate (1 g). Preferred Apparatus: The product separation apparatus is an ultrafilter or distillation apparatus. The buffer storage tank comprises an apparatus for measuring enzyme concentration of the storage liquid, where replenishment enzyme added to the storage liquid is regulated based on the measured value of the enzyme concentration. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The granules comprise polychlorinated biphenyl (0.4 ppm), hexachlorocyclohexane (less than 0.4 ppm) and tar (less than 0.5 ppm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The blending ratio of wood-type fine powder to livestock excrement having water content of 70-80 wt.% is 35-65 wt.%. The quantity of dry organic substance in composite biomass fuel is 30-60 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The wood-type fine powder refined by powder refining machine has thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm, lateral width of 1-10 mm, length of 2-20 mm, bulk density of 0.1-0.3 g/cm3, and improved water-content evaporation capability such that total quantity of absorbed water content is discharged within 5-10 minutes. Preferred Apparatus: The wood-type fine powder supply apparatus has mount frame supporting a housing which opened slantwise at upper portion, conveyance screw provided in housing lower end portion, conveyance screws provided in the housing lower portion orthogonal to conveyance screw upper portion, air blower, cover, and air blower for discharging wood-type fine powder from the conveyance screw portion end of housing lower end portion. The storage apparatus silo has a drive device at lower portion, conical rotation cone at driving-shaft upper portion of drive device, and a concave groove in conical rotation cone outer peripheral part. Several disk-shaped cut-out units are provided by cutting out to the discharge portion of the livestock excrement supply apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The compound microbial fertilizer comprises 30% or 25% organic compound, 6% or 8% total primary nutrients, and 0.2 or 10 hundred million/gram effective viable bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The potash fertilizer is from plant ash slag. The waste sludge and biogas liquid are organic nitrogenous fertilizer which is fermented, rotten and processed harmless process under anaerobic condition, which can be directly absorbed and used by crops and improve organic nitrogen nutrient of the soil. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The aerobic fermentation composite fungicide is effective microorganisms composite fungicide, effective microorganisms composite fungicide composite fungicide or VT composite fungicide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biological bacterium is Bacillus or rotten bacterium agent comprising Bacillus licheniformis, or Bacillus subtilis. The biological fungus is thermophilic spore fungus, mold, or Phanerochaete chrysosporium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fertilizer further comprises nutrient source comprising agricultural fertilizer carbamide, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium superphosphate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. The nutrient comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The medium trace element fertilizer is silicon fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, or molybdenum fertilizer. The modified additive is bentonite, kaolin, or calcium stone powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dried straw is derived from rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, peanut straw, bean straw, or cotton straw. The liquid/semiliquid waste organic matter is slag which is discharged from cassava starch or potato starch production and is high in water content, filter mud discharged from sugar production, or waste liquid discharged from yeast production. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The compound biological germ comprises (pts. wt.): effective microorganism (EM) origin liquid (1-3) and sun-Baiyeshen 3C biological liquid fertilizer (0.5-1.5). The microbial potash fertilizer is silicate biological potash fertilizer. The farmyard manure is livestock and poultry manure (700-750), humic acid (100-150) and straw powder (50-100). The mineral substance is urea or potassium sulfate. The regulator is compound sodium nitrophenolate or sodium benzoate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: A microbe additive is added to the biological organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The upper layer comprises (wt.%) saw dust (55) and chaff (45). In each cubic meter of mixture of saw dust and chaff, 6 kg rice bran and 100 g Bacillus subtilis environmentally-friendly bactericide are added, mixed, and fermented. The water content is controlled at 40-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cloning of the gene of wetland Alcanivorax borkumensis and Pseudomonas, comprises (i) extracting core 16S ribosomal DNA gene of the fungus from the bacterial colony of wetland Alcanivorax borkumensis and Pseudomonas screened from the greasy dirt wetland, (ii) amplifying the extracted 16S ribosomal DNA gene by PCR according to the amplifying conditions, which are pre-degenerating at 98 degrees C for 5 minutes, degenerating at 95 degrees C for 35 seconds, extending at 72 degrees C for 1 minutes and 30 seconds, circulating for 35 times, and extending at 72 degrees C for 8 minutes, where the amplified primer comprises P1 forward primer of 5'-agagtttgatcctggctcag-3' and P2 reverse primer of 5'-ggttaccttgttacgactt-3', (iii) recycling the PCR product, (iv) cloning the section thiamine-adenine (TA) of the recycled product, and (v) extracting plasmid to obtain full-length 1496 base pairs of the wetland Alcanivorax borkumensis and Pseudomonas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The content of the bacteria (in %) according to the total bacterial count is Bacillus circulans (40-60), Bacillus subtilis (10-35), Alcaligenes faecalis(5-15) and Penicillium diversum (5-15). The Bacillus circulans is chosen from Bacillus circulans with a preservation number of CGMCC 1.554, CGMCC 1.383, ATCC 13403, ATCC 15518 and/or ATCC 21656. The Bacillus subtilis is chosen from Bacillus subtilis with preservation number of CGMCC 1.308, CGMCC1.836, CGMCC1.933, ATCC 10783, ATCC 13472 and/or ATCC 13953. The Alcaligenes faecalis is chosen from Alcaligenes faecaliswith preservation number of CGMCC 1.924, CGMCC 1.1799 and CGMCC 1.2006. The Penicillium diversum is chosen from Penicillium diversum with preservation number ATCC 10437, ATCC 52210 and/or ATCC 66706. The total bacterial count in the viable bacteria preparation is more than 10 billion/g. The viable bacterial preparation used as a carrier. Preferred Method: The method of preparing viable bacterial preparation comprises (i) activating the Bacillus circulans on a slant medium, inoculating to the liquid culture medium, cultivating for 44-54 hours at 35-37 degrees C, activating the Bacillus subtilis, inoculating into the liquid culture medium, and cultivating for 44-52 hours at 28-37 degrees C, activating Alcaligenes faecalison a slant medium, inoculating to the liquid culture medium, and cultivating for 44-52 hours at 27-31 degrees C, activating Penicillium diversum on a slant medium, inoculating to the liquid culture medium, cultivating for 48-96 hours at 25-30 degrees C, and counting the viable bacteria, and mixing the bacterial liquids according to the required ratio; and (ii) processing solid fermentation for 48-72 hours at 28-35 degrees C, drying at 40-60 degrees C, and crushing until the particle size reaches 15-50 mesh, and screening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The B.megaterium is isolated from peanut kernel. Preferred Method: The aflatoxin B1 in peanut meal is degraded by obtaining peanut meal containing aflatoxin B1 as solid fermentation culture medium, inoculating the B.megaterium strain, controlling the ratio of material to water, culturing time, bacterial liquid inoculum size, fermentation temperature and fermentation time, fermenting the meal, extracting residual aflatoxin B1 from the fermented peanut meal, and detecting the aflatoxin B1 content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The ratio of material to water is 1:0.5-1.5. The culturing time is 8-12 hours. The bacterial liquid inoculum size is 5-10%. The fermentation temperature is 30-40 degrees C and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours. The method further involves adding methanol aqueous solution to the meal in the ratio of 1:1, shaking the mixture for 10-50 minutes, and extracting aflatoxin B1 from the mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The colony of the strain is round or similarly round on the flat plate of potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture flat plate; where the initial growth period of the hypha is white velvet, and generates concentrated green robe generating region of concentric wheel vein at back period; when observed under microscope, the hypha is thin and colorless, and has separations and branches; the meristematic robes grow from the side branch of hypha, and arrayed in annular shape, and has several times of repeated branches; the smell stem of meristematic robes are bottle-shaped or taper; and the meristematic robes are mostly spherical, green, or blue green. Preferred Composition: The medium culture base comprises 20 g wheat dreg, 10 g cotton powder, 20 g rice shell, and 50 g water; where the substances are mixed to be even, and sterilized in high pressure for backup. Preferred Method: The liquid fungicide is exerted via the conventional root pouring, seed immersing, and spraying methods; and the solid fungicide is exerted via root exerting and cave exerting methods; where the method can be independently used, and can be mixed to use with other disinfectant and plant regulator which have no side effect on the germproof strain. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Re-constructing multifunctional engineered bacteria strain for decomposing chlorpyrifos comprises (a) constructing recombinant plasma Put-M: designing primer mf and mr according to organic phosphorus decomposing enzyme (bringing in NotT restriction enzyme cutting site, amplifying the phosphorus decomposing enzyme by PCR technology, where the NotT respectively has the organic phosphorus decomposing enzyme gene and plasma Put-Kml, connecting the gene digested by enzyme with the plasma Put-Kml, transferring into the Escherichia coli S17-1 (Gamma-pir) to obtain recombinant plasma Put-M; (b) transferring: mixing the E. coli S17-1 of the recombinant plasma with the B. vietnamiensis) P418-M for transferring, selecting by a resistance flat plate to obtain 68 single strains; (c) selecting: carrying out PCR amplification, electrophoresis, Southern hybridization and detection the decomposition ability of 68 single strains in step (b) for killing ticks, selecting to obtain a single strain having the highest activity for killing ticks, the multifunctional engineered bacteria strain (B. vietnamiensis) P418-M for decomposing chlorpyrifos. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device comprises a gas heating device for heating the processing gas, which is arranged between the processing gas supplying device and the waste processing chamber. The waste processing chamber is provided with a heater for heating the object to be processed in the waste processing chamber. The device further comprises a waste gas processing device connected to the waste processing chamber, comprising a waste gas processing chamber provided with gas washing liquid, where one end of the processing chamber exhaust pipe is connected to the waste gas discharge port, and the other end extends into the gas washing liquid. An ozone generation device is connected to the waste gas processing chamber through the ozone inlet pipe, and the end of the ozone inlet pipe extends into the gas washing liquid. An ozone reduction device for reducing the residual ozone discharged from the waste gas processing chamber is connected to the waste gas processing chamber through the exhaust pipe. A filter for filtering the discharged waste gas from the waste processing chamber is arranged between the waste processing chamber and the waste gas processing chamber. An overflow plate is arranged in the waste gas processing device to divide the waste gas processing device into the waste gas processing chamber and the overflow chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The sweet sorghum is cut into length of 0.3-1.5 m. The effusion process is carried out by double helix chute type continuous diffuser. The heating temperature in the effusion process is 10-55 degrees C, preferably 40-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device has an automatic control system for controlling mixing, charging, discharging and material distributing. The reversible material distributor belt conveyor comprises a frame, a drive device, a material distribution belt and an electric roller. The material distribution belt is connected to the electric roller connected with the drive device. The discharging extensible belt conveyor comprises a belt conveyor, a slide wheel fixed on the tail part of the belt conveyor, a belt slide wheel rail fixed below the mixer. The machine head of the extensible belt conveyor is fixedly connected to the material distribution traveling crane and suspended on the middle part, where the tail slide wheel is arranged on the belt slide wheel rail below the mixer and when the material distribution traveling crane operates, the extensible belt conveyor slides under the mixer, and the discharging hole below the mixer is arranged above the extensible belt conveyor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol-based fuel additive comprises (in parts by wt) ferrocene (5), isobutanol (25), n-octyl alcohol (20), sodium peroxide (5), hexamethylenetetramine (30) and crude benzene (15). The weight ratio of the alcohol-based fuel additive to the alcohol group in the alcohol-based blended fuel is 20: 65-85, preferably 20:80. The alcohol group is methanol, ethanol and/or propanol. The concentration of the alcohol group is 70-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw powder is a fine powder of greater than 35 meshes. The weight ratio of the fine straw powder to gangue powder is 95-98%, preferably 96-97%: 2-5%, preferably 3-4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The product is air-cooled and pelleted using novel high tower in which ammonium nitrate is melted. Preferred Components: The urease inhibitor is methylbenzoquinone. The nitration inhibitor is triazole hydrochloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquefied gas is methane or propane liquefied gas. The solvent comprises methanol and ethanol. Preferred Method: The mixed liquid is statically placed for 10 minutes and stirred for 5 minutes to prepare solvent. The method further includes charging the liquefied mixed gas product at 13-15 kg liquefied gas, weighing, sealing, and conveying the product to the user.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The continuous production of bio-diesel comprises: (i) filling solid alkaline catalyst with regular duct into the reactor, assuring the duct to be in parallel manner with the flowing direction of the liquid, where the reactor is a tubular reactor, fixed bed reactor or trickle bed reactor, the outer diameter of the solid alkaline catalyst with regular duct is as same as the inner diameter of the reactor and the entire catalyst is filled in the reactor, the solid alkaline catalyst with regular duct is alkaline catalyst using honeycomb ceramic as carrier, and the active components are as follows: hydrotalcite or hydrotalcite-linked solid alkali loaded with alkali metals or earth metal salts; (ii) increasing the temperature of the oil storage tank, the oil pipeline pre-heater, the static mixer and the reactor to the selected temperature, pumping the oil and low alcohol and co-solvent to the device, conveying into the reactor filled with solid alkaline catalyst with regular duct through the pre-heater and the static mixer and performing ester exchange reaction, where the low alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol or iso-butanol, the oil is animal oil, plant oil or waste oil using fatty glyceride as main component, the co-solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane and/or isopropyl ether, the molar ratio of oil, low alcohol to co-solvent is 1:3-1:60, where the amount of co-solvent is not less than amount of co-solvent used for forming homogeneous system from oil, low alcohol and co-solvent at selected temperature of the oil storage tank; (iii) conveying the reacted discharged material to the vacuum distillation unit and recovering the low alcohol and co-solvent; and (iv) conveying the distilled solution to the stratification device to obtain the bio-diesel product from the upper outlet and crude glycerol from the lower layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Herba patriniae is Patrinia scabiosifolia or Patrinia villosa. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Antimicrobial; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reduction is carried out using hydrogen and a metal catalyst, preferably Raney-nickel. It is carried out in an alcoholic solvents, preferably methanol, ethanol, butanol, isopropanol; and/or ketonic solvents like acetone, methylethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, or dimethylformamide. The reduction is carried out at 10-90, preferably 25-75 degrees C. Eletriptan hydrobromide monohydrate is isolated in an organic solvent by adding aqueous hydrobromic acid. It has a melting point of 115-119 degrees C and converted to eletriptan hydrobromide by refluxing in an organic solvent from acetone, 2-propanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, and/or toluene. The eletriptan hydrobromide monohydrate was refluxed, distilled, cooled, and filtered to obtain eletriptan hydrobromide alpha -form. The reaction mixture is cooled at 0-35 degrees C. The eletriptan hydrobromide alpha -form has a melting point of 160-170 degrees C. A crystalline XRD pattern has peaks at 9.49, 10.48, 15.64, 16.31, 16.84, 18.03, 19.01, 19.63, 19.89, 20.46, 21.00, 22.49, 24.21, 25.53, 26.34, 27.32, 29.29. EXAMPLE - Eletriptan hydrobromide monohydrate (0.4 kg) was charged in acetone (4 L) and refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mass was distilled until the volumes reduced to 1.2 L and cooled to 25-30 degrees C. It was stirred for 30 minutes and filtered off. The wet material was dried at 45-50 degrees C to give 0.36 kg eletriptan hydrobromide with a melting point of 169-171 degrees C and purity of 99.8%
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: In the heat treatment process, the inflow of the activated-sludge liquid mixture of medium-temperature condition time zone increases compared with the inflow of the activated-sludge liquid mixture of a high temperature condition time zone. The process introduces into the denitrification process, after mixing the high temperature heating liquid mixture from the heat treatment process with the outflow liquid mixture of the nitrous-acid-formation process. It is a digestive liquid which flows out of the anaerobic digestion process in which the wastewater produces the biogas containing methane, and the heat source of the heat treatment process produces from the combustion apparatus of the biogas from the anaerobic digestion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The continuously spiral threads on the inner wall of the fermentation bin are provided with scraping blades. The aerobic type rotary fermentation bin comprises at least two sets of support seats and riddling wheel support fermentation bins. The tail end of the fermentation bin is an expanded feed port and the front end is the discharge port. The rotation speed of the aerobic rotary fermentation bin is 2-8 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The width of the vertical narrow seam of two side walls is 2 cm. The rear wall is high, and the opening position is low. The water discharging channels are arranged longitudinally, the distance is 20-30 cm, the section of the water discharging channel is 5 cm x 5 cm, and about 2 cm of gravels are filled in the water discharging channel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ledge insulation layer is benzene plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material outlet of the drier is connected with the material inlet of the primary crusher by the transmission device. The material outlet of the primary crusher is connected with the material inlet of the mixer by the transmission device. The material outlet of the mixer is connected with the material inlet of the fine crusher by the transmission device. The material outlet of the fine crusher is connected with the material inlet of the molding machine by the transmission device. The heating unit of the drier is a heat conducting medium. The primary crusher is a hammer type crushing device and the materials are crushed into small pieces of 5-10 cm. The particle size of the mixed material is less than 10 mm after the fine crushing processing of the fine crusher. The molding unit of the molding machine is a hot extrusion molding unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The stirring device is connected to an electric motor, and the control cabinet has a control module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The combustion gases, before supplying to biomass, are digested from the methanogenesis. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is chosen from sodium borohydride or hydrazine. Preferred Process: The graphite oxide is obtained by dispersing graphite in sulfuric acid, and oxidizing using potassium permanganate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Phyllosilicate: The phyllosilicate has a formula of organo-fluoromica A4 -nBn((Si4Al4)(Mg6)O20F4).A=sodium;n=4; andB=a (14-16C) alkyldecylamonium.In using the phyllosilicate, the organic pollutant is selected from non-ionic organic contaminants (NOCs), herbicides, fungicides, dyes and insecticides. The organic pollutant is selected from the list comprising benzene, phenol, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene, where the organic pollutant is in aqueous medium. Preferred Process: In obtaining the phyllosilicate, step (c) is repeated at least 2 times with the same or different liquid medium. The protonation step (a) is performed in acid medium, where the acidic environment of hydrochloric acid is diluted. The liquid medium of step (c) is selected from water, an alcohol, 1-6C or any combination. The alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol, preferably ethanol. The drying step (d) is performed at temperatures of 15-30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method, the cell density of suspension from step (a) is 9.0 Log ufc/ml, for each lactic acid bacteria species and it is added to the substrate at 1-4% respect to the substrate volume; the incubation is carried out at 30-37 (preferably 30) degrees C, for 18-24 (preferably 18) hours; and the centrifugation is carried out at 10000 rotation per minute for 15 minutes a 4 degrees C. The process further involves dehydration of the supernatant obtained in step (d) by means drying or freeze-drying. ACTIVITY - Vulnerary. Test details are described, but no result given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 23213) and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174 (DSM) were propagated at 30 degrees C for 24 hours in modified MRS media (mMRS), containing, in addition to usual ingredients, 5% maltose and 10% sourdough water-final pH of 5.6. After 24 hours cultured cells, collected by centrifugation, and washed and re-suspended in water at cell density of 9 log ufc/ml have been inoculated in mono- or co-culture conditions on wheat flour hydrolysate culture media. The sourdough microflora:interactions of lactic acid bacteria and sourdoughs. The incubation was carried out for 18 hours at 30 degrees C. Then cell was removed by centrifugation. The supernatant was filtered to form plantaricin type peptide pheromones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Escherichia coli strain capable of producing xylitol from D-xylose using a mutant xylose reductase designated VMQCI and genetically engineered E.coli which utilizes L-arabinose as a carbon source and thus decreasing L-arabinitol production. The E.coli strain is HZ1434, ZUC220 or ZUC170 strain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves converting xylose to xylitol by the action of xylose reductase. The method involves converting L-arabinose to xylitol and reducing xylose. The method involves reducing D-xylose and metabolizing arabinose. The content of arabinitol is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less than the final mixture of polyol products produced. The initial ratio of xylose and arabinose is 1:1 or more. The initial ratio of xylose and arabinose is 2:1 or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out optionally in the presence of aqueous solvent, preferably water, and in presence of base chosen from hydroxide, carbonate or acetate of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The diketone compound is used in amount of more than 2 times mole equivalent with respect to aminoguanidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The saccharifying agent comprises an enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The vessel comprises a tank. The system further comprises: a delivery device configured to inoculate the contents of the tank with a microorganism; and an oxygen monitor configured to monitor the oxygen level of the contents of the tank. The mixer comprises a jet mixer. The delivery system is configured to deliver the biomass feedstock and liquid medium to the tank in the form of dispersion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: mixing with a jet mixer during saccharification, monitoring a glucose level of a mixture of the feedstock, the liquid medium, and the saccharifying agent during saccharification; adding additional feedstock and saccharifying agent to the vessel during saccharification and dispersing the feedstock in the medium using the dispersing system; adding an emulsifier or surfactant to the mixture in the vessel; and mixing during distillation. The mixing during distillation is performed using a jet mixer. The step of converting comprises fermentation, and further comprises distillation. The distillation comprises vacuum distillation, is performed at a vacuum of less than 70 Torr, and is performed at ambient temperature. Preferred Components: The product comprises an alcohol. The liquid medium comprises water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The feedstock has a bulk density of less than 0.75 g/cm3. The feedstock comprises a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material. The feedstock comprises paper. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The manufacturing material comprises glass steel, thermoplastics and steel plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The top part of the fermenting tank is installed with a stirring motor. The fermenting tank is provided with a stirring paddle driven by the stirring motor. The fermenting system is provided with a sewage slag tank and a sewage solution tank. The bottom part of the fermenting tank is provided with a sewage slag tube of sewage slag tank. The fermenting tank is provided with a sewage solution tube, which is connected with the sewage solution tank. The fermenting system is provided with a gas storage bag, which made by soft plastic and a pressurizing pump. The gas storage bag is connected with the fermenting tank and a pressurizing pump via a pipe. The desulfurizing system is provided with a biological desulfurizing tower, a dehydrating tower and a physical desulfurizing tower, which are in turn connected. The gas storage bag is connected with the biological desulfurizing tower. The biological desulfurizing tower is provided with high density polyethylene filler, an anaerobic sludge and a desulfurizing strain desulfurizer. The biological desulfurizing tower is provided with a sewage solution pump for extracting sewage solution. The desulfurizing tower is provided with active carbon. The physical desulfurizing tower is provided with a desulfurization filler, which comprises a bamboo filler and ferric oxide filler. The generating system is provided with a gas storage tank and a generating device. The gas storage tank is connected between the physical desulfurizing tower and the generating device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at normal temperature and pressure. The substrate is chosen from industrial wastewater, organic wastewater and waste from subsidiary agricultural products. The microorganism is a photosynthetic bacteria and/or an anaerobe. The hydrogen is produced from activated anaerobic sludge by fermentation process. The hydrogen is produced by decomposing carbohydrate and protein continuously using bacteria capable of producing hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The four genes atfA, fadD, pdc and adhB are arranged at the downstream of the T7 promoter in the plasmid pXT11. Preferred Components: The two plasmids pMSD8 and pMSD15 are provided for excessive expression of acetyl coenzyme A decarboxylase and thioesterase in Escherichia coli. The synthesized biodiesel is ethanol ester in the strains provided in the method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The top of each of main gas production treatment chamber and the micro gas production treatment chamber has a gas collecting tube for collecting the generated gas substance. The discharge system is mounted on the top of the micro gas production treatment chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methane fermentation is carried out at 30-55 degrees C for 25-45 days. The hot-forming temperature is controlled at 140-280 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The calcium oxide in the fly ash is 15-35 mass%. The dissociative calcium is 0.2-0.4 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A combustion improver is added while adding the liquid deodorant. The mixture is blended in the blending tank. The low-position heating quantity of the blended urban sludge receiving basis is controlled to 3000-4000 kcal/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation is carried out with basidiomycetous fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus and its sub-species, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Agaricus, Penicillium spp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus versicolor, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma aureoviride, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Humicola or Rhyzopus. The fermentation is carried out by using substrate, nitrogen source such as 0.1% ammonium salts, or 0.01-1.0% yeast extract, bran or wheat. The hydrolysis process is performed by using cellulase enzymes e.g. xylanase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The host cell of the strain is Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, filamentous fungi, insect or mammal cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nucleotide coding sequence comprises fully defined 999 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 1), as given in the specification. The recombinant vector is Escherichia coli expression vector, Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector, Pichia pastoris expression vector, Bacillus subtilis expression vector, Lactobacillus expression vector, filamentous fungi expression vector, insect expression vector or mammalian cell expression vector. Preferred Method: The xylosidase/arabinosidase bi-functional enzyme is artificially synthesized according to the SEQ ID NO: 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of mixture of 4-10C saturated hydrocarbon, 14C saturated hydrocarbon and 15C saturated hydrocarbon is 35-70 weight%. The cleaning solvent has boiling point of 100-250 degrees C, aniline point of less than 100 degrees C and bromine value of less than 1000 mg to 100 g (preferably, 300 mg to 100 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The total weight of the composite additive is 20-40 pts. wt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline compound is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The mixing step is performed at 90-150 degrees C until the water content of the crushed and cut fruits is less than 10%. The oil in the heating step is thermally decomposing at 300-500 degrees C in the form of mixing with the alkaline compound at 0-5 kg/cm2, and the reaction is 1-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The neutralizing process conditions include a reaction time of 50-70 minutes, a reaction temperature of 45-55 degrees C, a pH on end point of 2.9-3.1, and a phosphorus pentoxide/fluorine ratio of 230 or more. The wash water after centrifugally washing the thick slurry is directly returned as slurry water for diluting the acid residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxydase substrate is benzoic acid, coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylamine, o-phenylenediamine or 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine. The organic dyestuff is rhodamine, methyl orange, peacock greenstone or methylene blue. The endocrine disrupters are nonyl phenol, bisphenol A or estrone. The antibiotic is tetracycline, oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol. The organochlorine pesticide is hexachlorobenzene, toxaphene or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The coordinating agent is oxalic acid, edetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine, bipyridyl and/or orthophenanthroline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The non-degradable inorganic material includes sand, brick, ceramics and/or glass, or plastic, fiber and film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The anaerobic reactor is inner circulation anaerobic reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The degradable organic material includes food waste, vegetable leaves, fruit peels and/or grass. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The synthesis gas is divided to two portions, and one portion flows to tube side of air cooling type reactor to exchange heat to reactor gas in shell side, and another portion flows to outlet of heat insulating reactor to exchange heat to gas which exchanges heat to waste heat boiler. The synthesis gas catalyst is filled in shell side of water cooling type reactor. The residual carbon monoxide in gas is converted to methane, and the gas is cooled and separated to obtain substitute natural gas comprising methane (94-96%). The methanation is carried out at pressure of 3-5 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal-derived synthesis gas is converted and purified to obtain synthesis gas with hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio of 2.5-3.5, preferably 2.9-3.1. The catalyst is nickel catalyst comprising silica or alumina as carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The acetylated reagent is acetylchloride, acetic anhydride, diacetyl amide or glacial acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: The multiple fuel cell sub-stacks includes a fuel injection system having a fuel injection channel and a fuel distribution channel, where each of the multiple fuel cell comprises a composite cathode element that is vertically oriented; and an anode chamber containing multiple composite cathode elements. The anode chamber is vertically oriented. The composite cathode element comprises a cathode current collector; and an anode chamber surrounding composite cathode elements, where each of the multiple fuel cell sub-stacks is replaceable online.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: recovering the alkyl esters; and washing and recovering at least one of salts of the acid catalyst, glycerin, and water. The reacting step is performed at: at least the boiling point of the alcohol; ambient temperature, preferably 5-65 degrees C; and ambient pressure, preferably 15-60 psi. In the method: greater than 90%, preferably greater than 99% of the FFAs are esterified to alkyl esters; and preliminary feedstock having lower FFA content is first converted to the high FFA source material. Preferred Components: The source material is at least one of fats, oils and greases (FOG) from processed food sources including trap greases, FOG separated from prepared foods, black grease collected from the scum-layer of waste water treatment facilities, and waste streams from glycerin separation processes. The acid catalyst comprises sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The alcohol is alkyl alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol. The FFA content of the source material is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 90%. EXAMPLE - Molten brown grease containing 74% free fatty acid (FFA) (50 ml) was added to esterification reagent comprising 2N sulfuric acid in methanol (15 ml), and mixed at 65 degrees C for three hours at 200 rpm. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled. Calcium hydroxide (10 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and mixed at 400 rpm for 3 minutes. The reaction mixture was centrifuged, for separating the fuel from the rest of the mixture. The product contained 2.17% FFA, where more than 97% of FFA was converted in the process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises dry seed or cake of the fruits (80 wt.% or more, preferably 85 wt.% or more). The molding process is performed at 80-150 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first reactant comprises chemical hydrogen storage material (preferably metal, metal hydride, borohydride, aluminum hydride, hydrocarbon, and ammonium hydride), and the second reactant comprises hydro-reactant (preferably liquid water or solid water). The heating apparatus is resistor or electrically heated wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parts: The unit of cleaning and cooling of the pyrolytic gas for obtaining the conditional pyrolytic gas is included in the composition of pyrolytic installation. Gas-turbine electrical apparatus, the hot exhaust gases of which are used for the external heating of solid domestic waste through the metallic wall of the tubular chamber of the collection of pyrolytic gas is included in the composition of pyrolytic installation. Charging device of solid domestic waste and discharging device of the cooled ash remainder is made as hermetic box-type measuring hoppers with the reciprocating motion. The tubular chamber of the primary heating of solid domestic waste with the nozzles of the supply of hot gas of the gas burner, tangentially placed in the lower part, which works on its own pyrolytic gas, is placed at the output of the tubular chamber of the collection of pyrolytic gas. The tubular chamber of ash remainder with the cooled water jacket is placed at the output from the tubular chamber of primary heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filling material is not buoyant. Preferred Method: The pressed juice is introduced in to the upper part the bioreactor and removed from the lower part of the bioreactor, where the removed partial amount of the filling material in the upper part of the bioreactor is applied to the filling material-packed bed. The pressed juice is introduced in to the lower part the bioreactor and removed from the upper part of bioreactor, where the removed partial amount of the filling material in the lower part of the bioreactor is supplied within the filling material-packed bed. The introduction of the pressed juice, the withdrawal of fermented pressed juice, the withdrawal of the filling material and the supply of the filling material are carried out continuously. The partial amount of the filling material removed per unit time and/or the partial amount of the filling material supplied per unit time results in an average migrant speed of the filling material through the bioreactor, which is lower than the flow velocity of the pressed juice in the bioreactor. The removed partial amount of the filling material prior to being fed is contacted with nutrient or a conditioning medium for microorganisms and/or is freed from interfering growth. The filling material populated with microorganisms are removed from the bioreactor and supplied to the bioreactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The treating time in the constant temperature water bath pot is 12-48 hours. The weight ratio of wet maize straw to the sludge mixture is 1:1.2-1:2.3. Feeding rate of the mixture into the mid-temperature anaerobic digestion reactor is 4-8%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The screening size of the straw powder is 20-50-mesh. The weight ratio of maize straw to running water is 1:15-1:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The light oil composition has temperature difference of 95% distillation temperature and initial boiling point of 140 degrees C or more, initial boiling point of 190 degrees C or less and 95% distillation temperature of 330 degrees C or more and end point of 360 degrees C or less. The light oil composition has light oil oxidation parameter of 0 or more and total acid value of 0.12 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less, before and after the accelerated-oxidation test performed at 115 degrees C for 16 hours, after mixing antioxidant with the light oil composition. The amount of oxygen supplied during accelerated-oxidation test is 3 liter/minute. Preferred Component: The antioxidant is phenolic antioxidant and/or amine antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises an electric control device for controlling the mechanical thrust device, mechanical transmission device and heating device. The microbe comprises sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, agricultural straw resources and/or agricultural shell. The mechanical thrust device is pushed in or pulled out by a gear or a connecting rod. The lifting rack is a manual structure or an electric structure. The photoelectric sensor is mounted in the water closet of the waterless toilet and connected with the electric control device of the excrement processing device for sensing action of the user. Preferred Method: The opening-closing method of the movable baffle plate on the bottom of the water closet is horizontally-moved opening-closing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom of the reactor is conical. The feeding pipe is provided with a first heating device. The external heating circulation pipe is equipped with a circulation pump and a second heating device. The scum board is connected to the electric motor outside the reactor through the rotary shaft on the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper parts of the upper gas collecting cover and the lower gas collecting cover are spaced and sleeved and the lower parts of the upper gas collecting cover and the lower gas collecting cover are horn-shaped with downward openings. The water distributors are multiple sections of water pipes uniformly distributed on the bottom of the tank body and connected with the sewage input pipe and each section of water pipe is provided with multiple water outlets opened to the bottom surface of the tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fabric agriculture and forestry waste comprises more than one of bagasse, bits of wood, and straws. Preferred Conditions: The rotation speed in the liquid culture producing process and the fermenting process is 100-300 rotations/minute; and the culture environment temperature is 25-35 degrees C. The centrifuge machine rotation speed in the fermenting process is 3000-6000 rotations/minute; and the centrifuging time is 5-15 minutes. Preferred Process: The waste liquid in the fermented waste is sent to sewage gas product; and the residue is sent for forage production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mesh hole of the metal filter mesh in the oil collecting tank is 0.5-1 cmx 0.5-1 cm. The heating device in the neutralization deodorization tank and arranged in the setting tank is a steam coil pipe. The vacuum tank of the cone bottom part is controlled by the water spraying vacuum system. A heating coil pipe is arranged in the finished product tank. The entire process between filtering and packaging finished product is heated using steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oily microalgae is Tetraselmis, Phaeodactylum, Nitzschia closterium, Chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, Heterogloea endochloris, Pyramimonas and/or Dunaliella salina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lewis acid is ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum potassium sulfate, boron trifluoride and/or lanthanum trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The chitosan-lewis acid flocculant is obtained by dissolving chitosan in a hydrochloride solution and adding a lewis acid (2-30 mg/l) to make the concentration of the chitosan in the microalgae culturing solution to 3-9 mg/l. The N-deacetylation degree of the chitosan is more than 70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The grease comprises animal oil of fatty glyceride, plant oil, engineering microalgae plant grease and recovered waste oil. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The two sides of the biological water purifying floating bed are provided with a guide plate stretching into the water. The surface water guided to the biological water purifying floating bed does a constant directional flow for the hydroponics plant and the microbe filler filtering layer and the air guide pipe inserted in the microbe filler filtering layer is used for adding the microbe strain which adjusts the water quality.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the polypeptide comprises manually synthesizing the polypeptide according to the amino acid residue sequence located at the position No.25-336 position of (I). Preferred Method: The preparation of the polypeptide comprises: providing rumen content of yak, constructing the rumen uncultured bacteria metagenomic library, selecting the positive clones which can be used for hydrolyzing sodium carboxymethylcellulose to obtain the gene encoding the endoglucanase by utilizing the method for constructing sub-clones by measuring the sequence and homologous comparison; cloning the coding gene of the endoglucanase in a recombinant expression vector and inoculating in a host cell to obtain the endoglucanase by recombinant expression. Preferred Components: The recombinant expression vector is Escherichia coli expression vector, yeast expression vector, Bacillus subtilis expression vector, lactic acid bacteria expression vector, filamentous fungi expression vector, insect expression vector or mammalian cell expression vector. The host cell is E. coli BL21, E. coli JM109, E. co1i DH5a, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, B. subtilis R25, B. subtilis 9920, lactic acid bacteria COCC 101, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus niger, Bombyx mori, Antharaea eucalypti, Chinese hamster ovary or Chinese hamster lung.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step (A) includes slicing plant material into sheets, cleaning sand and performing hemicellulose hydrolysis at 155 degrees C for 150 minutes. The step (C) includes adjusting pressure to no less than 1 MPa during extraction process of hemicellulose, extruding and kneading to form sheet plant material to fine threads; controlling rubbing temperature at 100 degrees C, adding 2.5% alkali and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide to pre-bleach fiber, where density of pre-bleached fine threads is more than 35%; and adding 5% sodium hyposulfite to pre-bleached fine threads, grinding and bleaching to pulp and obtain bleached paper pulp. The step (E) includes separating hemicellulose from hemicellulose and lignose hydrolysis liquid, inoculating 15% melt SHR06-1 of Pichia stipitis and alcohol yeast at 33 degrees C and in pH of 5, fermenting for 25 hours, vaporizing and purifying to obtain fuel ethanol. The plant material is gum wood, poplar or birch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Additive: The boiling point of the mixture of isoalkanes is 170-190 (preferably 175-185) degrees C. The fuel additive contains maximum 2 vol./vol.% of synthetic motor oil; and maximum 5 vol./vol.% of ethanol. Preferred Components: The isoalkanes are selected from 9-11C isoalkanes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide film contains titanium, aluminum, zirconium and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has sulfur at terminal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass is plant biomass, animal biomass or municipal refuse biomass. Preferred Process: The fermentation of biomass is carried using pH modifier. The distillation is multi-effect distillation, multiple-flash distillation and thermo-compression distillation. Production of organic acid further involves using mixed solution of diluent, and additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pH modifier is chosen from calcium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide and dolomite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent is chosen from dioctylamine, trioctylamine, triarylamine, di-tridecylamine, Alamine 336 (RTM: water insoluble, tri-octyl/decyl amine), Aliquat 336 (RTM: water-insoluble quaternary ammonium salt), trioctyl phosphine oxide, tributyl phosphate, methylisobutyl ketone, chloroform, octanol, dodecanol, n-alkane, xylene, oleyl alcohol and kerosene. The additive is isobutyl acetate and/or n-butyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: In the method, the Bacillus licheniformis: is supplemented into a food or feed; and has a detoxification time of 24 hours, preferably 36 hours. ACTIVITY - Antidote.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The plant is Canna, reed, cattail, Thalia dealbata, Graptopetalum paraguayense, paper reed, willow herb, Acorus calamus, and/or Scirpus tabernaemontani.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device is provided with an oil water vapor filtering separator (40), where a precipitating chamber of the separator utilizes sodium hydroxide filtering liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Antibody: The monoclonal antibody has cross-reactivity with respect to HMX, and is capable of binding with respect to a low molecular weight compound (C1) with a structure similar to HMX. The monoclonal antibody capable of binding with diamine compound is produced using hybridoma cell strain NECN-C57Z 22A-1 (FERM BP-11127). The monoclonal antibody is immobilized in the fluid absorbing material using polyvinyl alcohol, and through a linker comprising at least proteins. The monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing mammals other than human by introducing modified protein into an immunogen, where the modified protein is formed by combining the compound (C1) with carrier protein, and the compound (C1) contains an amino group. Preferred Compound: The compound (C1) is 3,7-dinitroperhydro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine-1,5-diamine (diamine acid compound). The amino group of the compound (C1) and amino group of carrier protein is coupled using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, where the coupling process is formed by imino coupling obtained by condensation of amino group of the compound (C1) with formyl group of glutaraldehyde. Preferred Animal: The mammals other than the human are mice. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The total nutrient contents of the fertilizer composition are 184-22.9% of nitrogen, 22.1-24.6% of phosphorus pentoxide and 52.4-56.3% of potassium oxide. The organic substance comprises four farmyard manures, comprising chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and oil cake, and is formed by fermenting, drying and shattering, where the mass ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide in the organic substance is (9-10):(7-8):(4-5). The inorganic fertilizer comprises a nitrogen-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound and a potassium-containing compound, and the mass ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: potassium oxide is (9-10):(13-14): (29-30). The microelements are boron, magnesium, zinc and chlorine in a mass ratio of (0.85-1.13): (0.77-1.15): (0.88-1.10): (1.98-2.12). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The solid farmyard flower fertilizer comprises dry bean residue (34%), dry chicken manure (18%) and plant (fallen leaf) humus soil (45%), which are mixed uniformly with fermentation agent (3%), adding water at 30 degrees C and air humidity of 70%, forming deposits, covering the mixture by a plastic film, fermenting for 60 hours, and spreading for natural drying. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The high temperature splitting furnace is a horizontal type electric heating element high temperature splitting furnace, vertical type electric heating element high temperature splitting furnace or electric induction furnace with high frequency or middle frequency high temperature splitting furnace. The electric heating element of the horizontal type electric heating element high temperature splitting furnace is a horizontal type electric heating element arranged vertically with multiple layers. Each layer comprises a first component and a second component. Each layer is supported by a sliding channel welded on the furnace wall and each component is pulled out individually. The electric heating element of the vertical type electric heating element high temperature splitting furnace is a vertical type electric heating element comprising two sets of electric heating connecting bodies, where each set comprises an upper semicircular ring, a lower semicircular ring and a U-shaped heating element arranged between the two semicircular rings. The bottom of the high temperature splitting furnace is arranged with a furnace hearth, an automatic carbon outputting device comprising a carbon plough, a carbon funnel, a speed reducing machine and an automatic carbon outputting water groove.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The current stabilizing device is current stabilizing plates arranged in the radiation form. The gas collecting and shell breaking device is composed of at least one umbrella shaped gas collecting covers arranged on upper part of the reactor tank body, and the top part of the gas collecting cover is provided with a gas outlet. The marsh gas discharging device is a pipeline arranged on the top of the reactor tank body. The phase separating device is composed of a cylindrical slag blocking device arranged on the upper part of the reactor tank body and an oblique apron board of lower part. The reflux stirring and water in-letting device is composed of a refluxing water pipe, a reflux stirring booster and a water inlet spraying pipe. The sludge discharging device is a sludge discharging pipe arranged on the bottom part of the reactor tank body. The draining device is composed of a water outlet groove arranged inside the upper part of the reactor tank body and a draining pipe arranged on the water outlet groove.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shell is cylindroid, cylindrical, quadrilateral or polygonal in shape. Each biological reaction chamber is mutually separated by a baffle plate. The distance between the top end of the air outlet and the ground is less than 15 m. The biological reaction chamber is communicated with the vehicle dispatching room through a biological reaction chamber port. The transport-vehicle passageway port, the biological reaction chamber port and the waste discharge passageway port are provided with a sealing door. The bottom part of the biological reaction chamber is provided with a ventilating pipe or a ventilating groove and the top of the biological reaction chamber is provided with a liquid channel and a nozzle. The inside of the biological reaction chamber is installed with a concentration detector, a humidity detector and/or a temperature detector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material distributing device comprises a material dividing cone fixedly mounted in the can body, the tip end of material dividing cone faces upwards and is located below the material falling port of feeding device. The water inlet device comprises a water inlet tube having a flow cutting water outlet. The gas collecting bonnet is connected with a balance desulfurization can. The heavy object discharging device comprises a heavy object discharging tube. The inlet of the heavy object discharging tube is located at the bottom of anaerobic decomposing region, and the outlet of heavy object discharging tube is located out of the bottom of the can body provided with a stop valve. The sludge discharging device comprises a sludge discharging tube. The inlet of sludge discharging tube is located at the lower part of anaerobic decomposing region, and the outlet of sludge discharging tube is located out of can body below the liquid level, provided with the stop valve. The floater discharging device comprises a floater discharging tube, where the inlet of floater discharging tube is located on the upper part of anaerobic decomposing region and the outlet of floater discharging tube is located out of can body, below the liquid level provided with the stop valve. The gas collecting bonnet is provided with a man hole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Grease and alcohol material are added into the reactor in the molar ratio of 1:3-18, and 1-12% of calcium-aluminum composite oxide solid base catalyst is added into the reactor, stirred and reacted at 30-220 degrees C under pressure of 0.5 MPa for 1-6 hours to obtain mixture containing biodiesel. The obtained mixture containing biodiesel is filtered to obtain biodiesel and coarse glycerol. Preferred Composition: The grease is fatty glyceride, animal fat, plant oil and/or recovered waste oil. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol and/or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The deposition treatment is carried out by the gravity deposition or flocculating agent. The membrane concentration is carried out by an immersed hollow fiber membrane biological reactor. The aperture of the hollow fiber membrane component is 0.1-0.2 mu . The liquid is pumped by the negative pressure suction and the part of the concentrated liquid treated by the membrane concentration is refluxed to the nitrifying unit. The nitrifying treatment adopts micropore aeration. The membrane concentration treatment adopts perforated pipe aeration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The nitrifying tank and membrane concentration tank are built together by connecting the bottom of the two tanks. An aeration device for providing dissolved oxygen is installed at the bottom of the nitrifying tank and membrane concentrated tank. An aeration fan passes through the pipe and gas flow meter of the nitrifying tank and is connected with the micropore aerator in the nitrifying tank. The aeration fan passes through the pipe and gas flow meter of the membrane concentration tank and then is connected with the perforated aeration pipe in the membrane concentration tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tannin tolerant yeast is tannin tolerant 1-10% ethanol fermented yeast. It can be Saccharomyces cerevisiae FE-B preserved in CGMCC (China Central Typical Culture Conservation) on tenth November, 2008 and having a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 2735. The yeast strain is the yeast culture liquid cultured by yeast peptide glucose culture medium in logarithmic phase. Preferred Method: The acorn powder is saccharified by adding water to acorn powder until solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:1.5-1:3, adding 20-30 U/g high temperature alpha -amylase by weight of acorn powder, liquefying for 0.5-2 hours at 80-100 degrees C, adding 80-200 U/g amylase and 0.1-0.5 U/g cellulose, and keeping for 8-20 hours at 40-60 degrees C. The acorn powder takes the acorn as raw material by removing the cap and housing, cleaning, drying, and crushing into 30-100 meshes. Ethanol is produced by fermenting after the acorn powder is saccharified by inoculating the saccharified acorn powder to the tannin tolerant yeast strain with 5-20% of inoculum size. Fuel ethanol is obtained by directly fermenting the yeast strain, fermenting the saccharified acorn powder for 24-48 hours at 28-34 degrees C, sterilizing, and distilling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The liquid phase is centrifugally processed before mixing to separate the grease. The removal of impurities and hydrating treatment comprises: cooking after separating the hybrid material, which is not easy to hydrate from the solid phase, controlling the temperature to 50-80 degrees C, and then hydrolyzing under the water content of 60-80 mass %. The liquid phase and solid phase are mixed to form the concentrated slurry with oil content of not greater than 0.02 mass %, pH of 3.5-4 and carbon oxygen demand (COD) of 80-120 kg COD/m3. The strain used in the anaerobic fermentation is an anaerobic strain obtained by acclimatizing the anaerobic sludge after inoculating and acclimatizing, and forming the anaerobic sludge with acid resistant pH of 3.5-4, salt resistant chloride ion of smaller than 3500 mg/l and nitrogen ammonia resistance of smaller than 2000 mg/l. The process parameters of the anaerobic fermentation is as follows: agitating with gas; the fermentation temperature is 32-39 degrees C; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 16-25; the feeding pH is 3.5-4, 80-120 kg COD/m3; and the oxidation reduction level is -180 to -350 mV. The anaerobic fermentation is completed by flow-rising anaerobic sludge bed reactor. The biogas residue is obtained by the anaerobic fermentation. The water and salts are removed by the drying treatment of the press filter as the organic fertilizer. The waste water is obtained by the anaerobic fermentation. The waste water is filtered by membrane and nano-material, so that the pH of the water is 6-9, the suspended solid is not greater than 70 mg/l, the COD-cr is not greater than 100 mg/l and the biochemical oxygen demand 5 is not greater than 20 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The soil firming agent is diluted with water at 1.2/10000. It is sprayed to the soil. Cement (2-4%) is doped and stirred. The residual firming agent is sprayed on the surface. The color additive can be regarded as auxiliary material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The amount of activated sludge in the nutrient solution is 10-35 g/L. The acclimating culture is performed at 28-32 degrees C. The regeneration treatment is performed at 30-35 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of the carbinol etherified liquid comprises: mixing carbinol with a 4C and/or a 5C compound, heating, adding into an etherifying reactor, where the etherifying reactor is filled with XY-15M-type etherifying catalyst, which is produced by Lanzhou Petrochemical company limited, the volume space velocity of liquid phase of carbinol is 0.1-2/hour, the molar ratio of mono olefin in carbinol and C4 and/or C5 compound is 1:0.8-1.2, the etherification temperature is 100-200 degrees C and reaction pressure is normal pressure to 1 MPa, etherifying in the etherifying reactor and cooling. Preferred Components: The aromatic hydrocarbons are cracked 9C aromatic hydrocarbons, in which colloids have been eliminated. The colloid of the 4-5C olefins has been eliminated and the colloid of the 4-5C alkanes has been eliminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The components of a molecular sieve catalyst in the catalytic reaction section of a molecular sieve fixed bed in the catalytic reactor are as follows (in wt.%): aluminum oxide (53.404), silicon dioxide (42.475), phosphorus pentoxide (1.770), potassium peroxide (149), calcium oxide (0.097), titanium oxide (0.168), iron oxide (0.322), zinc oxide (0.024), lanthanum oxide (0.502) and cerium oxide (1.088). Preferred Method: The method for preparing the molecular sieve catalyst is as follows: (p) providing raw-materials of the catalyst (in wt.%): aluminum oxide (53.404) and silicon dioxide (42.475) as basic carriers, and phosphorus pentoxide (1.770), potassium peroxide (149), calcium oxide (0.097), titanium oxide (0.168), iron oxide (0.322), zinc oxide (0.024), lanthanum oxide (0.502) and cerium oxide (1.088) as active carriers; (q) mixing the active carrier materials, mixing with the basic carriers to obtain uniform mixture, (r) utilizing an extruder to shape the mixture after being uniformly mixed, where the strip size is phi 1.0-1.6x 3-3.3 mm; (s) utilizing ammonia water to adjust the pH of the strip catalyst after being shaped to 7-8 and utilizing distilled water to wash; and (t) drying the washed strip catalyst at 150 degrees C and roasting for 4 hours at 550-600 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The main material in the preparation of the modified methanol is industrial methanol of country standard GB338. The alcohol is a mixture of methanol and isopropanol. The ether is dimethyl ether or methyl tertiary butyl ether. The hydrocarbon is dimethoxymethane or an aromatic hydrocarbon in the step (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid super-acid catalyst is SO42-/MxOy, where MxOy can be gadolinium oxide, zirconium oxide (ZrO2), tin oxide, gamma -aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe3O4), hydrogen peroxide, or silicon dioxide. The MxOy is gamma -Al2O3-ZrO2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The petroleum fuel is light oil, gas condensate, naphtha, virgin oil, catalytic gasoline, alkylation gasoline, hydrocarbon before 205 degrees C, distilled gasoline, isomerization gasoline, and/or tire pyrolysis oil. The denatured alcohol fuel comprises (mass%) methyl alcohol (1-95), alcohol (2-5), tertbutyl alcohol (0.5-1), n-propyl alcohol (0.5-1), eicosanol (0.5-1), neopentyl glycol (1-2), and pentaerythritol (0.5-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gasoline additive comprises (mass%) polyisobutene amine (10-20), polyoxyethylene ether (5-15), isopropyl alcohol (10-15), trimethyl borate (5-10), dimethoxy methane (15-40), tetrahydrofuran (5-20), iron naphthenate (1-5), diisobutyl ether (10-40), and kerosene (5-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred parameters: Oxidation is carried out in an oxidation furnace at a temperature of 400-1000 degrees C, preferably 950 degrees C. It is carried out using oxidizing agent selected from air or oxygen, preferably air. Treatment with the carburizing mixture to obtain the purified tungsten carbide alloy powder is carried out in a reduction furnace at a temperature of 800-1400 degrees C, preferably 1050 degrees C. The purified tungsten carbide alloy powder is cooled to a temperature of 300 degrees C to 200 degrees C, preferably 200 degrees C in nitrogen, and then to 40 degrees C to 20 degrees C, preferably 25 degrees C in air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound is chosen from cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, decalin, tetralin and 2-propanol. Preferred Arrangement: The dehydrogenation catalyst is not arranged in upstream from end of portion (B) along distribution direction of organic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The insulating layer is porous layer. The insulating layer and electrolytic membrane are made of same material. The insulating layer contains silicon dioxide. The fuel generating component contains iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises providing the carbon monoxide and hydrogen (i.e. syngas) to an emission control system to clean the syngas by removing impurities. The cleaned syngas is provided to a water-gas shift reactor to adjust the carbon monoxide and hydrogen molar ratio of 0.2-3 molecules of carbon monoxide for 1 molecule of hydrogen. The molar adjusted carbon monoxide and hydrogen are provided to a bio-catalytic reactor to produce ethanol, where the bio-catalytic reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor. An output of the bio-catalytic reactor is provided to another bio-catalytic reactor to provide additional ethanol. The gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is provided to a bio-catalytic reactor to produce ethanol. The reacting step comprises a Boudouard reaction and results in a portion of water remaining in the reactor. The reaction chamber is maintained at 1330-5000 degrees C or 400-2000 degrees C. Preferred Components: The reaction chamber is a pyrolysis reactor (preferred), a conventional gasifier or a plasma arc gasifier. The carbonaceous material is coke, coal, a hydrocarbon, solid waste or biomass. Water is provided as a reactant into the reaction chamber as stream. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The alga also produces fatty acid methyl esters. Preferred Components: The alkenone-producing alga is a species of the Isochrysis, preferably Isochrysis galbana, Isochrysis sp. (T-Iso) or Isochrysis sp. (C-Iso). The growth condition includes: a stationary growth phase; a high temperature; sufficient light; and nutrient limitation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of converting alkenones to hydrocarbons comprises: catalytic hydroprocessing converting alkenones into a liquid fuel or a gaseous fuel; and converting a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters and alkenones to hydrocarbons without separating the fatty acid methyl esters from the alkenones Preferred Components: The alkenones comprise 35-40C. The liquid fuel is diesel or gasoline. The gaseous fuel is a syngas or a synthetic natural gas, preferably methane, propane or butane. EXAMPLE - Freeze-dried algal biomass (10-50 mg) were extracted with hexane. The resultant lipid extract was spiked with an internal standard, ethyl nonadecanoate, and transesterified under nitrogen using 10% methanolic hydrochloric acid in hexane at 55 degrees C for 12 hours. The reaction products were extracted with hexane, reduced in volume, spiked with an external standard, n-heptadecane, and stored until analysis by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The fatty acid methyl esters and alkenones in the esterified samples were quantified using GC-FID. Compounds were separated on a glass capillary column with hydrogen carrier gas, where the fatty acid methyl esters were identified with standards, and the alkenones were identified based on comparison to published elution order on gas chromatographic columns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The forming step is to dope into the oxidized porous material in a solution comprising an electrocatalyst precursor composed of the metal element; and reducing agent to facilitate deposition of the metal particles into the porous material. The forming step additionally involves adding an acid salt in the solution to increase ion distribution of the metal. The method additionally involves adding an alkali in the solution to adjust crystalline growth condition of the metal particles. The oxidizing step is an acid oxidation treatment. The characteristics of the micropores and the nanochannels in the porous material are measured by the small-angle X-ray scattering method. Preferred Components: The porous material is composed of activated carbon. The metal particle is catalyst; and composed of platinum. The majority of the metal particles are formed on the micropores or in the nanochannels, and the minority on surface of the porous material. The metal particles have a size of less than 2 nm. The electrocatalyst precursor is of formula H2PtCl6.6H2O.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent comprises ethylene glycol and acid salt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A flat slab equipped with active carbon fiber is in the stainless steel mesh. Each unit forming the fixed film carrier component is a structure equipped with the active carbon fiber in the stainless steel mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The absorption tower side lead-out flow is taken out from the absorption tower between packed beds (I,II). The inlet-port gas flow is divided such that flow (12a) includes 70% of gas flow and flow (12b) includes 30% of gas flow. Flow (12a) is cooled by heat-exchange contact with absorption tower side lead-out flow, residue-recycle flow, and/or fractionating column tower top flow. Flow (12b) is cooled by heat-exchange contact with reboiler bottom flow (24) and/or reboiler bottom flow (26). The absorption tower side lead-out flow is cooled to be condensed to liquid phase. The absorption tower bottom flow and side lead-out flow, and the residue-recycle flow are expanded before being supplied to the fractionating column. Alternately, the volatile low-hydrocarbon fraction is separated into volatile gas fraction containing methane, 2C component, 3C component, and inlet-port gas flow containing heavier hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Mushroom is eryngi.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aminal and vegetable fats is palm oil or coconut oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alkali process involves adjusting pH of sludge to 7.1-14 by alkali addition. Preferred Composition: The alkali is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biogas is gas containing methane gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The 16S rDNA sequence comprises fully defined 1397 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification. The diameter of the bacterial colony is 1 mm, and the bacterial colony is flaxen, semitransparent, protruded, smooth edge, and Gram-negative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The diameter of the bacterial colony is 0.8-1.2 mm. The bacterial colony is circular or flat with yellow, white or orange color, and it is transparent and glossy. The cells are rod-like or elliptical. The bacteria are aerobic and chemoheterotrophic, and do not move. The cell is 0.4-0.6 mu m wide and 1-1.3 mu m long. The cell is Gram-negative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Chryseobacterium comprises a 16S rDNA comprising a fully defined sequence of 1463 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO:1), as given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrobacteria domestication culture medium in step (A) comprises (g) ammonium sulfate (2), monosodium phosphate (0.25), manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (0.01), dipotassium phosphate (0.75), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.03), calcium carbonate (0.5), sodium carbonate (2.3) and water (1 L).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic oxide catalyst is oxide of elements chosen from groups 11-14, groups 1-4, group 6 and group 7, or metal oxide of formula: M1aM2bM3cOx.M1=Cu;M2=Al or Si;M3=Na, Mg, Ce, Cr, Mn or Zn;anda:b:c=1:0-1.1:0-4.6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of monomethylamine and water is 25-65 wt.% and 35-75 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Property: The purity of gamma -butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol is 80-99.999% and 0.001-10%, respectively. Preferred Process: Byproducts generated during preparation of N-methyl pyrrolidone are chosen from 3C alcohol, 4C alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, 3C aldehyde and hydroxytetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Platinum/silicon dioxide (SiO2)-nickel, SiO2-iron oxide (Fe2O3), or Fe/SiO2-magnesium oxide is used as catalyst in an amount of 0.1-0.5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straws of crops are dried at 100-110 degrees C; and crushed into powder of 6-20 mesh. The pyrolytic temperature is 300-400 degrees C. Decompression operation is performed on pyrolytic pressure such that vacuum degree is greater than or equal to 50 kPa; and pressure stabilizer is used to keep the pyrolytic kettle in a low pressure state. Impeller stirrer is provided in the pyrolytic reaction kettle to stir the materials at 2-4 revolutions/minute. Sieve plate is used as condenser to directly condense the pyrolytic gas. A series control system is used for controlling the temperature in the sieve plate tower; and keeps the temperature at 15-25 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Waste plastic (5-15 wt.%) is used as an additive to assist in the pyrolysis of straws of crops.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electrode pairs comprise metal tungsten, tungsten alloy or nickel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole diameter of the molecular sieve is 5-10 mu m. The weight percentage content of the Rh is 5-7%; the hole diameter of the molecular sieve is 7.2-8.6 mu m; the hole volume is 0.93-1.23 cm3/g; and specific surface area is 495-505 cm2/g. The active component further comprises iron (Fe, 1-10 wt.%). The ratio of the weight percentage content of the Rh to weight percentage content of the Fe is 2:1. The active component further comprises manganese (Mn, 1-10 wt.%). The ratio of the weight percentage content of the Rh to the weight percentage content of the Mn is 0.5-10. The molecular sieve is SBA-15. Preferred Process: The rhodium-base catalyst is prepared in soaking manner; and the rhodium-base catalyst is reduced at 300-500 degrees C in the hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method, the terrace wetland comprises upward flow wetlands, and the terrace type integrated vertical-flow forest wetland comprises the forest land connected to the terrace wetland. The domestic sewage enters a collecting ditch (1), and then enters the terrace type integrated vertical-flow forest wetland through water dam (2) from the collecting ditch in overflowing manner. The flexible buffer material (6) is arranged on combining portion of the terrace wetland and the forest land. Waterproof vegetation (5) is planted in the forest land. The water barrier or drainage ditch is arranged around treatment field of the terrace type integrated vertical-flow forest wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Acetobacter, Mucor, Rhizopus, beer yeast or Candida is also used for preparing special deodorization fungicide. The cow dung culturing substrate contains cow dung, maize powders, ammonium phosphate, magnesium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate. The bacteria culturing substrate contains beef extract, peptone, sodium chloride and agar. The mycetes culturing substrate contains peeled tomato, glucose and agar. The maize straw power solid culturing substrate contains maize straw powders, bran, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The crushing step comprises: utilizing a cutting type crusher or at least one crusher for crushing the plastic materials. The stacking step comprises: sending the material after being smashed to a fermenting cabin, forming the stacking material in the fermenting cabin, where an air channel corresponding to the stacking material arranged in the fermenting cabin is furnished at the bottom part of the fermenting cabin. Preferred Components: The shape of the stacking material formed in the stacking step is a cone. The height of the stacking material is 1.5-3 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ventilating device utilizes a centrifugal fan, a positive-pressure air blower or a negative-pressure suction blower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is insert organic solvent comprising dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or toluene. The active ester is prepared by the former compound and p-toluensulfonylchloride, mesyl chloride, p-nitrobenzoyl sulfonyl chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, chloro (bromo) diethyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphorus chloride, phosphoric acid reagent or Boc anhydride reagent. The alkali is organic base and inorganic base including triethylamine, butylamine, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine or carbonic acid base. The catalyst is phase transfer catalyst including tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide or triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkaline water is sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the dried orange peels and ethanol in (b) is 1:10 to 1:15. The concentration of the alcohol in (b) is 95%. Preferred Conditions: The reflux temperature in (b) is 70 degrees C; and the reflux time is 2-3 hours. In (d), the heat is preserved at 30-100?C for 1-24 hours, prior to extraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal is 9-26 volume% of the composite material. The conductive metal includes aluminum. The conductive metal includes films (24) within the framework. The composite material includes a metal hydride. The internal volume includes all of the entire internal volume of the storage tank. The composite material includes agglomerated nanocomposites having voids between them. The conductive metal forms a number of thermally conductive bridges through the voids to thermally link the agglomerated nanocomposites. The volume fraction of the conductive metal is 9-26 volume% of the composite material. The metal amide is Mg(NH2)2. The metal hydride is Li3AlH6. The composite material is Li2Mg(NH)2. The conductive metal is Al. The chemical reaction further includes at least one of AlH3 and LiAlH4 to adjust the amount of aluminum formed. Preferred Method: In method (M1), after the reacting step, the conductive metal is unreactive during subsequent hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions. The method (M2) further involves transferring heat along the composite material using the conductive metal framework. In the method (M2), the desorbing step includes maintaining the unreactive conductive metal framework. The hydrogen absorption and desorption are indicated by the chemical reaction: Li2Mg(NH)2+2Al+6H2 to give 6LiH+3Mg(NH2)2+2Al.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The L-xylulose is further converted to xylitol. The production of xylitol utilizes a phosphite dehydrogenase-based NADP regeneration system. The arabinitol dehydrogenase is expressed in a bacterium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The conveyor is attached in a housing lining (3) of a dosing screw unit. Preferred Method: The driving of the conveyor is carried out by the motor driving of the dosing screw shaft or by a separate driving mechanism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass has not been treated with an external source of water. The biosolid is diluted biosolid or sewage sludge. The method further comprises adjusting the water:carbon ratio to 3:1. The mixture is heated to a temperature of 170-250 degrees C, preferably 200 degrees C under a non-oxidative gas pressure of 100-400 psi, preferably 150 psi. Preferred Components: The optimum carbon to water mass ratio is 1:2-1:4. The high carbon content biomass and biosolid slurry produced is utilized in either a hydrogasifier or steam hydrogasifier. The produced high carbon content biomass and biosolid slurry has a viscosity value of less than 1.5 under a shear rate of 102 s-1. The coal slurry is provided in an amount, where to obtain a viscosity of less than 0.7 Pas for the high energy density slurry. The high energy density slurry has water:carbon ratio of 2:1. The non-oxidative gas is argon, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or gaseous hydrocarbons. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The substrates used are agro residues, oilcakes like paddy straw, wheat straw, maize, Napier grass, press mud, castor, food waste or biodegradable municipal waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: An area of the lower layer is applied on the further upper layer, which is subjected to a drying process before applying the upper layer. The waste heat of a machine (20) is used for drying the material. At least one parameter for a drying degree of the material is determined using a drying degree detection unit. At least one output container unit is used for the layered dispensing of the material to be dried, which exhibits at least one height-adjustable dispensing functional unit. The dispensing functional unit exhibits at least one material crushing- and/or a material loosening-unit. The drying container unit is provided for drying the material, which exhibits an aerated support surface and a flow balancing unit to balance the flow differences over the support surface. The flow balancing unit is designed to be adjustable. At least one drying degree detection unit is provided for determining at least one parameter for the drying degree of the material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus casei (CCTCCM2010163). Preferred Method: The glutamic acid is used as protecting agent of lactic acid bacteria resistant to low pH. The glutamic acid is added to the lactic acid bacteria culture system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dosage of glutamic acid is 2-10 g/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: converting (I) (where R3 is 1-6C alkoxy) to a bis(trimethylsilyloxy) cyclohex-1-ene compounds of formula (IA); converting (I) or (IA) to cyclohexane-1,2-dione compounds of formula (IB) (17); converting (I), (IA) or (IB) to give (2,2')bipyridinyl compounds of formula (IC), (ID), pyridyl compounds of formula (IE) or (1,10)phenanthroline compounds of formula (IF); and converting (I), (IB) or (IA) to give cyclopentanecarboxylic acid compounds of formula (IG). Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = methyl;    R3 = methoxy or ethoxy;    X, Y1 = trifluoromethanesulfonate or tosylate; and    Z(n+) = Li+.    ACTIVITY - Dermatological; Antiinflammatory; Antiarthritic; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antipsoriatic; Antiseborrheic; Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Retinoic acid modulator.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbon or biomass source material is selected from starch, cellulose, or saccharide. The nitrogen source is inorganic nitrogen, ammonium salt, nitrate, liquid nitrogen, organic nitrogen, bean-cake powder, peanut meal, bran, amine, amide, purine base, pyrimidine base, protein, peptone, beef extract, or yeast extract. The nutritive salt is a mixed salt solution comprising one or more ions of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, calcium, zinc, cobalt, and manganese. The growth hormone is selected from amino acid, purine, pyrimidine, vitamin, corn steep liquor, or bio-metabolism agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strain is grown in inorganic salt culture medium with 2,3-dimethyl phenol as unique carbon source. The inorganic salt culture medium includes 200 mg of 2,3-dimethyl phenol, 2.28 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.47 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.32 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.12 g of magnesium sulfate, 2.63 mg of calcium chloride, 0.72 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.46 mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.22 mg of magnesium sulfate monohydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phenol compound is selected from 2-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2,3-dimethyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl phenol, 2,5-dimethyl phenol, 3,4-dimethyl phenol, 3,5-dimethyl phenol or 3-ethylphenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is straw, trees, pasture, rice husk, plant seed, bagasse, saw dust, bits of wood, seaweed, garbage, excrements of domestic animal or the random mixture with coal, coke, petroleum, thickened oil and/or residual oil. The range of biomass grain sizes is 40-60 meshes. Preferred Method: The reacting time is 0.5-80 (preferably 20-70) minutes. The catalyzing and liquefying method of subcritical or supercritical biomass is carried out at 300-320 degrees C. The molecular sieve catalyst contains zeolite compositions of Y type zeolite, USY type zeolite, HZSM-5 type zeolite, ZSM-5 type zeolite, REUSY1 type zeolite, REUSY2 type zeolite, and/or silicon dioxide/aluminum oxide catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The mineral adhesive is water pulp prepared by magnesium smelting slag powder, emulsion prepared by calcium carbide slag pulp, or emulsion prepared by magnesium smelting slag powder and calcium carbide slag pulp. It is prepared by mixing magnesium smelting slag powder with aqueous solution of sodium silicate, adding water to form semi-fluid state, or mixing calcium carbide slag pulp, aqueous solution of sodium silicate, and magnesium smelting slag powder to prepare pulp, and adding water to form semi-fluid state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The other adhesive is clay, asphalt, starch, coke oil or papermaking waste liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the membrane methane tank for treating organics, the tank body of the methane tank is cylindrical, spherical, or spheroid; the membrane methane shield is one half of the volume of the tank body, and is semi-cylindrical, semi-spherical or semi-spheroid; four to six horizontal pull rods are arranged at the lower half portion of the membrane methane shield; the membrane methane shield is integrally connected to the traditional methane tank in such a manner of injection or roller coating; the feeding opening and the discharging opening are inserted into the middle part of the methane tank from the top; and the gas outlet is located at the upper portion of a side surface of the tank body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid material comprises (in parts by wt.) anti-rust agent (5-15), nano metal powder (0.03-0.8), potassium borate (1-15), anti-wear agent (0.5-15), film-forming agent (0.5-6), aversion agent (0.001-0.8) and environmental base oil (45-94). The anti-rust agent is at least one of polycarboxylic acid anti-rust agent, sulfonate anti-rust agent and alkenyl succinic acid anti-rust agent. The nano metal powder is at least one of nano copper, nano nickel, nano bismuth and nano molybdenum. The anti-wear agent is at least one of alkyl phosphate, phosphate amine salt, molybdenum disulfide, rare earth fluoride, antimony oxide and graphite. The aversion agent is at least one of bitter agent, spicy agent, denatonium benzoate, tannic acid, catechuic acid, naringin, limonin, berberine and quinine. The environmental base oil is at least one of modified colza oil and modified castor oil. The film-forming agent is at least one of chlorinated paraffin, vulcanized butyl potassium borate, alkenyl succinic acid ester, butyl stearate and ethylene wax. The propellant is at least one of dimethyl ether, propane and butane. The aerosol packing material is aerosol tank and matched aerosol valve and pressing head.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol ether fuel comprises (in parts by weight): gasoline (50-60, preferably 56), methanol (25-30, preferably 28), butanol (2-5, preferably 4), isobutanol (2-4, preferably 3), naphtha (2-4, preferably 3.6), an antioxidant (0.5-1, preferably 0.8), petroleum benzene (2-5, preferably 4) and a passivation agent (0.5-1, preferably 0.6). The fuel preparation kettle comprises an upper layer, a middle layer, a lower layer, a left separation layer and a right separation layer. Preferred Method: The gasoline is pulped in the reactor (A) by a high-velocity pump. The butanol and the isobutanol are pulped into the reactor (B) by a mixing pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The induced flow comprises preparing mixture solution containing polyethylene glycol (40% wt./vol.), calcium chloride (10 mmol/l) and dimethyl sulfoxide (15% vol./vol.) by using high-permeability sucrose-maleate-magnesium chloride buffer solution. The high-permeability sucrose-maleate-magnesium chloride buffer solution is prepared by adding maleic acid (0.02 mol/l) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.02 mol/l) into sucrose solution (0.5 mol/l), adjusting pH to 6.5 and sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. The double-antibody-inter layer regenerated medium is composed of upper and lower medium layers. The lower medium layer comprises peptone (10 g/l), beef extract (5 g/l), glucose (10 g/l), sodium chloride (5 g/l), yeast powder (5 g/l), sucrose (0.5 mol/l), magnesium chloride (0.02 mol/l), calcium chloride (0.02 mol/l), L-serine (0.1 mol/l), agar (20 g/l), ceftazidime (80 mg/l) and piperacillin sodium (80 mg/l). The upper medium layer comprises peptone (10 g/l), beef extract (5 g/l), glucose (10 g/l), sodium chloride of (5 g/l), yeast powder (5 g/l), sucrose (0.5 mol/l), magnesium chloride (0.02 mol/l), calcium chloride 0.02 mol/l), L-serine (0.1 mol/l), agar (8 g/l), ceftazidime (80 mg/l) and piperacillin sodium (80 mg/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred : The method utilizes micro-stack and closed fermentation tank. The method involves storing sewage gas. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of wastes to hydrogen peroxide to domestic sewage is 35-45:3-5:50-58. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological bacterial composition comprises Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus subtilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of bio-oil further involves using gallium. Preferred Composition: The microporous molecular sieve contains aluminosilicate, titanosilicate, silicoaluminophosphate, and borosilicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The marine algae is chosen from fucoxanthin, brown seaweed, kelp, scytosiphon, petalonia binghamiae, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera, rhizome rhei, seersucker kelp, gulfweed, Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiforme. Preferred Method: The fermentation is anaerobic fermentation. The anaerobic fermentation is performed using anaerobic microorganisms at 10-50 degrees C for 10-100 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The concentration of sodium salt in the byproduct is 0.01-1 N, preferably 0.05-0.50 N. The sodium salt is chosen from sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. The method further involves controlling the concentration of sodium salt. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The crosslinking agent is zinc oxide, sulfur or magnesium oxide. The inorganic additive is calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium hydroxide, clay, barium sulfate, silica, titanium oxide or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cross-linking agent is azo compound, organic peroxide, benzothiazole sulfenamide, benzothiazole disulfide, phenol hardened resin, m-phenyl bismaleimide, thiuramdisulfide or dipentamethylene-thiuram hexasulfide. The organic peroxide is 1,1-(t-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydroxy peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-cumylperoxide, dicumylperoxide, ( alpha ),( alpha )-(t- butylperoxy)-p-diisopropyl benzene, 2,5-(t- butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, benzoylperoxide, t-butylperoxybenzene, (benzoylperoxy)hexane, t-butylperoxymaleic acid or t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate. The auxiliary agent is unsaturated fatty acid, its zinc salt or the magnesium salt, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or palmitic acid. The peptizer is organic sulfur compound and/or its sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, barium, cesium and zinc. The organic sulfur compound is pentachloro thiophenol, 4-butyl-o-thiocresol or 4-t-butyl-p-thiocresol, thio carboxylic acid, 4,4-dithiodi morpholine, di-xylyl disulfide, dibenzoyl disulfide, dibenzothiazyl disulfide or di-pentachlorophenyl disulfide. The accelerating agent contains mercapto, sulfonamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, guanidine, amine, thiourea or dithiophosphate group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyalkenamer is polyoctenamer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Quicklime is crushed into powder having grain size of - 0.18 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Lipase is obtained from Candida antarctica, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizomucor miehei or Rhizopus oryzae. The short-chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol. The oil is vegetable oil, animal oil, waste edible oil or microbial oil. The vegetable oil is castor oil, palm oil, colza oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, maize oil, cotton seed oil, rice bran oil, Jatropha oil or Jatropha curcas oil. The animal oil includes fish oil, beef oil, lard oil or mutton oil. The microbial oil includes yeast oil or microalgae oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The esbiothrin mosquitocide compound is permethrin, cypermethrin, ethofenprox or rich-d-trans allethrin. The grain size of each of combustible base wood powder, adhesives and the perfume is 100-300 meshes. Preferred Composition: The incense comprises (wt.%): combustible base wood powder (54.6), adhesives (15), pesticide (0.4), and perfume (30). ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The biological enzyme comprises (in %mass): pectinase (4-20), protease (8-30), lipase (8-30), cellulose (8-25), catalase (4-20) and amylase (5-25). The composite biological enzyme (4-30 wt.%) is added in combination with phytase, laccase, glucanase, diastatic enzyme, pullulanase and mannose. Preferred Method: The method involves processing the waste sludge using highly effective biological enzyme, decomposing molecules in the sludge using enzyme, forming acidic environment and high temperature fermentation environment using inorganic acid generated to kill pathogenic bacteria, eggs and larvae, stabilizing heavy metal ions in the sludge using chelating enzyme, catalyzing the sludge using enzyme to separate sludge from water, discharging supernatant, reducing the volume of sludge, converting the long-chain molecules in the sludge into the short-chain molecules using biological enzyme catalysis effect, converting the polysaccharide and cellulose into protein and amino acid, maintaining the nutrient components of the organic fertilizer, and fermenting the mixture to obtain the final product. The method further involves preparing bacterial material by mixing azotobacter (20-30%), organic phosphorus bacteria (20-30%), inorganic phosphorus bacteria (15-25%) and potassium bacteria (20-32%). The amount of the biological enzyme is 0.2-5%, and bacterial material is 0.1-5%. The waste sludge is added with plant waste containing carbon, bran, waste straw, inorganic carrier components, water, kieselguhr and building waste brick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is prepared by washing halloysite nanotubes having an en opening of 0.5-2 mu m with isopropanol and toluene or isopropanol and benzene for 4-5 times; vacuum drying at 50 degrees C; adding water-removed halloysite nanotubes into reaction medium; adding silane coupling agent (1-2 times nanotube quantity); mixing; heating at 115-125 for 24-30 hours; washing obtained product; and drying. The reaction medium is benzene, toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide or N,N-dimethyl acetamide. The ratio of copper ions and carrier is ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The implant material comprises active substance chosen from growth factor, antibiotic medicine and active protein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Materials: The organic garbage comprises kitchen garbage produced in living processes of people and/or rotten fruits and vegetables produced in agricultural production processes. The sludge from urban sewage processing factories comprises residual sludge, preliminarily deposited sludge and/or mixed sludge produced in sewage processing processes of urban sewage processing factories. The animal excrements comprise pig excrements, cow excrements, sheep excrements, deer excrements and chicken manures, duck manures and goose manures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry powder chemical auxiliaries in the step (c) comprises (in parts by wt.) potassium perchlorate or potassium permanganate (3 to 9), iron sesquioxide (6 to 8), aluminum oxide (3 to 5), calcium oxide (0.5 to 1), barium oxide (0.5 to 1), sodium hydroxide (2 to 5), silicon dioxide (3 to 5), zinc oxide (0.5 to 1), anhydrous aluminum chloride (5 to 8) and waste lubricating oil (2). The potassium perchlorate or potassium permanganate and the waste lubricating oil are weighed according to the total amount, and other waste is weighed according to the weight ratio of rubber, plastic and nylon. The working temperature is 150-200 degrees C. The press is 30-50 kg/cm2 for 1-3 second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hot press device in step (f) comprises a current press device and an electric heating or steam heating device both of which are connected with each other.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The processes of collecting stem tips with dews of a plant which grows fast, adding brown sugar to pickle and obtaining nutrient solution involves when the dew is not dry in the morning, the stem tips of the plant, such as the stem tips of celery, felon herb, potato vine and water convolvulus are collected, adding dews into brown sugar, placing in a cylinder after mixing evenly with brown sugar, then scattering a layer of brown sugar to cover the surface, sealing with rough straw paper, after 5-7 days at 15-25 degrees C, liquid permeates and the nutrient solution is obtained when a sweet aroma is smelt. The processes of adding the indigenous strain into the rice bran and diluted nutrient solution and obtaining inoculation material involves mixing the rice bran, nutrient solution and 10-20% of indigenous strain evenly to a material pile with the thickness of 5-20 cm, covering with straws, the temperature of the material pile is controlled to 30-40 degrees C during fermentation, after 3-7 days, hypha grows and then the inoculation material is obtained. The process of adding inoculation material into raw material of plant straw such as haulm, wheat straw and maize straw to obtain fermentation base material involves cutting the plant straws, such as haulms to 10-15 cm, laying for 10-15 cm thick to form a material pile, scattering pollution free soil and 0.3% of crude salt, adding inoculation material (250 g) to per square meter of material pile, completely mixing the contents, after 3-7 days, the base material needed by the fermenting bed is obtained. The fermenting bed is composed of base material. The process of terminally spraying nutrient solution onto the fermenting base material to maintain the fermenting bed involves spraying the nutriment once 20-30 days on the base material surface of the fermenting bed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bio-alcohol fuel starting material comprises (in wt.%): methanol or ethanol (60), dimethyl ether, diethyl ether or methylal (30), propanol or isopropanol (5), n-butanol (4.27), castor oil (0.1), colza oil (0.2), pentafluorobutane (0.01), ferrocene (0.02) and Tween (RTM: Polysorbate) (0.02). The bio-alcohol fuel comprises (in wt.%): either the bio-alcohol fuel starting material (85 plus minus 10, preferably 85), isobutyl ether (14 plus minus 10, preferably 14), castor oil (0.3 plus minus 0.2, preferably 0.3) and methyl tertiary butyl ether or ethyl tert butyl ether (0.7 plus minus 0.3, preferably 0.7); or the bio-alcohol fuel starting material (85 plus minus 10, preferably 83), colza oil (15 plus minus 10, preferably 15), isooctyl nitrate (1 plus minus 0.5, preferably 1) and succinimide (1 plus minus 0.5, preferably 1); or the biological alcohol fuel starting material (70 plus minus 10, preferably 70), colza oil (20 plus minus 10, preferably 20), castor oil (5 plus minus 3, preferably 5) and succinimide (5 plus minus 3, preferably 5), where the bio-alcohol fuel starting material is taken as the main raw material and blended in a normal pressure and temperature container to prepare the bio-alcohol fuel for replacing the petrol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The load hand catalyst comprises the carrier and the active component on the carrier, where the carrier is r-aluminum oxide, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller ratio area is 164 m2/g, and the active center of the active component is metal or metal oxide. The transition metal is platinum rhodium, tin, iron and/or nickel, preferably palladium and ruthenium. The alkali material is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide alkali metal, alkali metal octahydrate (preferred), or alkali metal or metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalytic hydrogenation is carried out at 60-120 degrees C. The closed reactor is at 1-5 MPa. The amine decomposition is carried out at 60-100 degrees C. The catalytic hydrogenation is carried out at 60-120 degrees C. The aromatic hydrocarbon etherification reaction is carried out at 70-120 degrees C. The amine decomposition reaction is carried out at 0.1-0.8 MPa, and the catalytic hydrogenation is carried out at 0.5-1.5 MPa. Preferred Component: The solvent is dimethylformamide, N,N-Dimethylacetamide, methyl-sulfoxide, dichloroethane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolone, N-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, methyl benzene, or benzene, preferably i-propanol or butylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The supernatant is fermented for 20 minutes or 1-14 days at 2000-6000 revolutions/minute under shaking condition. Preferred Component: The supernatant comprises yeast, starch, protein, alpha -amylase, beta -amylase, hemicellulose, phosphatase, and glucanase. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pellets are analyzed in a continuous way during the processing cycle to check for the presence of: harmful substances including hydrocarbons; formaldehyde; and radioactivity. The process comprises: introducing the pellets to be analyzed into a silo; (b) putting the pellets of the silo of step (a) on a conveyor belt (3); (c) collecting and continuously analyzing the pellets in a control chamber along the path of the conveyor bolt; (d) performing a check for radiation of all the pellets on the path; (e) to end the passage of the pellets at the discharge, first passing through a three-way discharge system (7) commanded by the control chamber, which sends the pellets to the storage silos according to the quality detected; (f) receiving the pellets (that can be packaged and put on the market) on a silo; and (g) receiving the pellets that do not pass the quality control on a silo, where the pellets are weighed. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The hay is used as feed and straw dust is added to and intermixed with the natural field straw and manure. The manure is derived from horses, cows, swine or poultry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydraulic briquette machine subjects the natural field straw, the manure, the hay used as feed, and the straw dust to a pressure of at least 22000 pounds per square inch. Preferred Components: The organic fuel brick is composed of natural field straw (58-60%); manure (38%); straw dust (2%); and hay (2%) that is used as feed. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (I) further comprises adding an aqueous solution comprising an inhibitor or mixture of inhibitors including the endogenous and/or exogenous inhibitors, where the amount of the inhibitors in the second aqueous solution is sufficient to maintain a rate of methanogenesis in the reservoir in conjunction with the added nutrients so that the rate of methane production at the well head is at a 0.7 MCF/day, and the amount of inhibitors added to the reservoir water is non-lethal to the microbes. The aqueous solution of stimulants and inhibitors are in separate or same solutions. In the method (I), phosphorus and/or nitrogen complexing agents are added to either the aqueous solution of nutrients and/or inhibitors. In the method (II): the stimulants and optionally the inhibitors injected into the well are injected in at least one aqueous solutions, where the aqueous solutions are formulated to have the same salinity as the formation water; and the amount of water employed in the aqueous solution is maintained at not greater than 1000% of the smallest amount of water required to dissolve the nutrients and optional inhibitors optionally employing a sequestering agent to maximize solubility. The stimulants: are injected into the reservoir in a manner to maximize dispersion of the nutrients throughout the formation of water; and do not contain nitrate or sulfate salts. Preferred Components: In the methods, each solution is an aqueous solution. The stimulants comprise at least ammonium and phosphate ions. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the impure stream is removed by a distillation process as a salt bottoms product and the salt free stream is the overhead product consisting of desalted crude glycerol. The triglyceride transesterification process employs monoalcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and/or pentanol. The acid employed to neutralize the alkali catalyst and the fatty acids is selected from inorganic acids, carbonic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids. The salt-free stream comprises glycerol and water may be further processed to remove organic compounds other than glycerol. In the process (P2), the heat transfer agent is selected from fluids for vehicular radiator systems, air conditioning systems and process heat transfer systems. Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) and formulation (F1) further comprises at least one compound selected from water, organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, hydroxyl-containing organic compounds, buffering agents and corrosion inhibitors. Preferred Components: The acid neutralizer comprises acetic acid and/or lactic acid. The hydroxyl-containing organic compounds are selected from hydrocarbyl aldosides, monosaccharides hydrogenation products of sugars, glycols, and/or glycerol. The hydrocarbyl aldosides are selected from alkyl aldosides, disaccharides, and/or polysaccharides. The hydrogenation products of sugars are selected from sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, and/or mannitol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The apparatus consists of a cellulose saccharification tank (2) in which water and carbon dioxide are mixed with separated cellulose and held under conditions (II) to be converted into hexose, and a hemicellulose saccharification tank (5) in which water and carbon dioxide are mixed with separated hemicellulose and held under conditions (III) to be converted into pentose. An enzyme is made to act on cellulose or hemicellulose. An alcohol fermenter is provided for alcoholic fermentation of hexose or pentose. Carbon dioxide produced in the alcohol fermenter is supplied to the hemicellulose separation tank, cellulose saccharification tank, and/or hemicellulose saccharification tank. The alcohol fermenter consists of different fermenters (3,6) for hexose and pentose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Pressurized hot-water process is carried out at 130 degrees C or more, and the pressure is 0.27 MPa (saturated vapor pressure of water at 130 degrees C) or more. The biomass material in the downstream seal portion is cooled by adding water in liquid state to the biomass material, or by cooling the vicinity of downstream seal portion by a cooler (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The photocatalyst particles are particles of formula LaTiO2N, CaNbO2N and/or Ga1-xZnxN1-xOx. The semiconductor or good conductor contains element which is same as support body. The surface of support body is coated with titanium or titanium alloy. The semiconductor or good conductor contains titanium. The semiconductor or good conductor is titanium nitride.x=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The vinyl compound (B) is chosen from 4-acryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-acryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 4-acryloyloxy-1-ethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-acryloyloxy-1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and 4-acryloyloxy-1-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl compound copolymer (II) contains two or more vinyl compounds (B) which does not exists continuously and exists separately in ratio of 83% or more with respect to total amount of vinyl compound (B). The ratio of vinyl compound (B) unit is 10-500 ppm with respect to total amount of polyethylene (I) and ethylene-vinyl compound copolymer (II). Preferred Property: The polyethylene has density of 0.930-0.965 g/cm3, and melt flow rate of 1-50 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The hybrid hydrogen production system is a hybrid hydrogen production system installed by the hydrogen station of an on-site system. The hybrid hydrogen production system comes to recycle the drain water separated with the water separator as water for reformation of the hydrocarbon fuel in the hydrogen separation type steam reforming device. The hydrocarbon fuel is a natural gas or town gas. The system utilizes the heat of combustion exhaust gas in the combustor for the heating of the hydrocarbon fuel; or utilizes the heat of combustion exhaust gas in the combustor for the heating of the fuel gas for boilers; or utilizes the heat of combustion exhaust gas in the combustor for a heating of the water supplied into a boiler. Also, the hybrid hydrogen production system utilizes the gas containing many inactive carbon dioxides after the water separator separates the water content as the combustor and/or simulation nitrogen for the oxygen burning in a boiler using a waste gas circulation type oxygen-burning system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steps are performed sequentially. In the method (M1), the ClO2 gas is generated by reacting chlorine gas with water or reacting sodium hypochlorite with an acid; and then adding sodium chlorite; or generated by reacting sodium chlorite and hydrochloric acid. In the methods (M1) and (M2), the ClO2 gas is generated using an electrochemical cell and sodium chlorite or sodium chlorate; or using an equipment-based sodium chlorate and hydrogen peroxide method. In the method (M2), the ClO2 is an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1-150 mg/L; or a gas; and the ClO2 is produced by reacting sodium chlorate and hydrogen peroxide, or by dry mix chlorine dioxide packets having a chlorite precursor packet and an acid activator packet. Preferred Components: The ClO2 solution has a concentration of 1-150 mg/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The aqueous ClO2 solution exhausted from the batch tank is dosed to a concentration of 1-150 mg/L. The volatile organic compound producing fermentation vessel is a carbon dioxide scrubber. The aqueous ClO2 solution in introduced at the bottom of the carbon dioxide scrubber or regenerative thermal oxidizer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of tin component with respect to total amount of polymer and tin component is 0.01-1 mmol/g. The tin compound is tin oxide or organotin compound having hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent, as a ligand. The tin ion has hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent as a ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polyester having sulfonic acid group is aromatic hydrocarbon-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Gas: The carbonaceous gas is syngas partially derived by recovery of and upgrading of heavy oil, bitumen, or other carbon-containing fuels. The syngas is produced by reforming natural gas. The syngas is partially derived from biomass. Alternately, the carbonaceous gas is a gas rich in methane, preferably natural gas derived from biomass and organic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The content of Gloriosa bulb or its extract is 0.001-20 weight/volume%. The content of garlic tuber or its extract is 0.001-2 weight/volume%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The alcohol fermentation microorganism is chosen from yeast, Zymomonas and Zymobacter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The alcohol fermentation microorganism is yeast, Zymomonas genus bacteria, or Zymobacter genus bacteria. Preferred Composition: The addition amount of ground material of citron seed, loquat seed, grape seed, sesame seed or garlic tuber, or its extract with respect to alcohol fermentation ingredient is 0.001-10% (w/v). Preferred Process: The method involves carrying out fermentation at 28-32 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Microorganism: The mycological characteristics further includes negative nitrate-reduction activity, indole production activity, glucose acidification activity, arginine dihydrolase activity, urease activity, esculin hydrolysis activity, beta -galactosidase activity, cytochrome-oxidase activity, glucose utilization ability, L-arabinose utilization ability, D-mannose utilization ability, D-mannitol utilization ability, N-acetyl- D-glucosamine utilization ability, maltose utilization ability, potassium-gluconate utilization ability, L-sodium-aspartate utilization ability and ethanol utilization ability, and positive gelatin hydrolysis activity, citric acid utilization ability, N-capric-acid utilization ability, adipic acid utilization ability, dl-malic acid utilization ability, sodium citrate utilization ability, phenyl acetate utilization ability, and DL-sodium-lactate utilization ability. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the system, the fuel processing reactor comprises: a hydrogenation reactor, and the fuel blend comprises a fuel additive; an acid catalyst for producing an olefin stream and an oligomerization catalyst for converting the olefin stream to the fuel blend; and an acid catalyst for converting the second portion of the oxygenated intermediates to the fuel blend.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of processing the second portion of the oxygenated intermediates comprises contacting the second portion of the oxygenated intermediates with: a hydrogenation catalyst to form the fuel blend; a condensation catalyst to form the fuel blend; or an acid catalyst to form at least some olefins, and contacting the olefins with an oligomerization catalyst to form the fuel blend. The intermediate carbohydrate stream has a carbohydrate content of less than 5% at the outlet of the hydrolysis reaction. The total organic content of the intermediate stream is greater than 2 wt.%. The method further comprises contacting the bio-based feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst in the hydrolysis reaction. Preferred Components: In the method (I), the fuel blend comprises at least one additive including saturated alcohol, saturated polyol or saturated hydrocarbon. In method (II): the APR reaction products comprise hydrogen, where the hydrogen is the first hydrogen source and/or the second hydrogen source; and the hydrogenolysis catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst and the APR catalyst are the same catalyst, and are present in the same reactor vessel. Preferred Components: The hydrolysis catalyst comprises at least one catalyst including acid catalyst, base catalyst, metal catalyst, acetic acid, formic acid and/or levulinic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A portion of the metal substrate particles and a portion of the reactive metal particles consist of metals from groups 3-16, lanthanides and/or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method further involves recovery of at least one compound selected from alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, terpene, formaldehyde, and methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The density modifier is used to account for the variation in density of the mulch of green waste which varies from season to season in accordance with the growth cycles of the available constituents and to ensure that oxygen can flow within the growth media during composting. The mulch is screened to control the length of raw green waste forming the growth medium, thus regulating the open structure of media produced. The media comprises the mulch of green waste, 3% dry weight density modifier and 0.35% nitrogen additive, to which is added sufficient water to thoroughly wet the mixture. Preferred Components: The mulch of green waste includes materials from trees e.g. wood chippings, sawdust, bark and leaves. The green waste includes materials ranging from waste vegetable or fruit from that deemed unfit for display (as being past a sell by date) from supermarkets and potato peelings, available in vast quantities from a variety of sources. The density modifier comprises: straw; and 1-5% dry weight of the growth media. The growth medium (I) for fungi is provided with spawn or mycelia in situ. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method separates carbon dioxide from natural gas and landfill gas. The method uses the pressure swing adsorption process for separation of the mixture. In the method (M1), before the contacting step, chemically reducing the polymer material to increase its selectivity to carbon dioxide, where the polymer material is reduced using alkali metal. The method further involves chemically reducing the polymer to increase it's selectively to carbon dioxide. The chemical reduction is achieved using alkali metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polymer is made by condensation of polyhedral amine-bearing monomer and anhydride-bearing monomer, particularly by the condensation of a tetrahedral tetra-amino monomer with naphthalene dianhydride. Preferred Components: The polymer material comprises building blocks linked by imide linkers. The polymer material includes tetrahedral tetra-amino building blocks linked by imide linkers. The imide linkers comprise diimide linkers. The three dimensional monomer is tetrahedral tetra-amine. The linkage-forming monomer is naphthalene dianhydride. The diimide linkers comprise naphthalene diimide linkers. The polymer material includes intercalated alkali metal. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carburetion agent is obtained by mixing propane-based liquefied petroleum gas and butane-based liquefied petroleum gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon emissions of the refinery are reduced by more than 50 (preferably more than 80)%. The step (c) utilizes an amine absorber to capture the carbon dioxide. The step (d) utilizes a pressure swing adsorber unit to purify the hydrogen. In the process, a majority of the purge gas from step (f) is fed to the reactor section of the steam reformer reactor and a smaller quantity of the purge gas from step (f) is fed to the furnace section of the steam reformer reactor. The hydrogen stream from step (d) is greater than 99% pure. The process further involves purifying a portion of the hydrogen remaining in the shifted synthetic gas stream after step (c) to a pressure swing adsorber to create a greater than 99% pure hydrogen fuel stream and a purge gas stream; purifying the remaining portion of the hydrogen, not purified, remaining in the shifted synthetic gas stream by using a hydrogen membrane to create a lower purity hydrogen fuel stream and a membrane purge gas; feeding the greater than 99% pure hydrogen fuel stream from the pressure swing adsorber to process users within the refinery; feeding the lower purity hydrogen fuel stream from the hydrogen membrane to the furnace section of the steam reformer unit and to the fired heaters within the refinery; recycling the purge gas stream to the reactor section and/or the furnace section of the steam reformer unit; and recycling the membrane purge gas to the reactor section of the reformer unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In producing proton, the microcrystal powder was selected so that the particle size might become a predetermined range. The electrode for current collection was inserted so that the electron produced by the dissociation in the microcrystal powder might be current collected. The electrode for current collection is vibrated with respect to the microcrystal powder. The holding body which accommodates and maintains the microcrystal powder is vibrated. When making the hydrogen gas contact the microcrystal powder, hydrogen gas is supplied intermittently. The microcrystal powder was obtained from the substantially right angle direction by giving impact force with respect to the plane of the high dielectric-constant crystal formed in plate shape. The fuel cell equipped with an electrolyte between the fuel electrode and air electrode which protonate a hydrogen molecule, the fuel electrode, and the air electrode, where the fuel electrode is a fuel cell which protonates a hydrogen molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressure in the reactor system is 2-15 bar, preferably 2-8 bar. The space velocity in the first reactor stage is 2000-8000/hour, preferably 2000-4000/hour. The space velocity in the second reactor stage is 1000-6000/hour, preferably 1500-4000/hour. The temperature at which the gas mixture in the step (c) is cooled is 86-128 degrees C. The temperature of the gas mixture drops continuously in the first reactor stage from a point with a maximum temperature at the outlet from the first reactor stage. The gas mixture before introduction into the first reactor stage in the step (a) is preheated. The gas mixture after the partial removal of water in the step (c) is preheated, prior to its introduction into the second reactor stage. The gas mixture just after entering the first reactor stage exhibits a temperature of 600 degrees C, and the temperature of the gas mixture at the outlet of the first reactor stage drops continuously to a temperature of 300 degrees C. The temperature of the gas mixture in the second stage reactor drops continuously after reaching a maximum value at the outlet from the second reactor stage. Preferred Components: The water content at the input of the second reactor stage amounts to 30-50 mole-%, preferably 30-35 mole-%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Furnace: In the biomass pyrolysis furnace, a floss hole and an aerating pipe are set at the upper end of one surface of the furnace shell; the steam discharge pipe is set at one surface which is opposite to the furnace shell; the recovery tower forms an angle alpha , which is greater than 60 degrees and not less than 3 degrees with the horizontal plane; and an introducing machine is mounted at the outlet of the recovery tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The pyrolysis system super-thermally spraying biomass also comprises a cooler covering the sample feeding device and the reacting device inside; where the cooler is set with a water inlet (12) and a water outlet (11); and the cooler is a stainless steel shield (10) for the pass of condensate water. In the pyrolysis system, the sample feeding device comprises an air intake pipe (1) and a pulse valve (2); the air intake pipe (1) is connected with the pulse valve (2); the pulse valve (2) is used for spraying the air-carried biomass powder into the reacting device through the air intake pipe (1); the reacting device comprises a heating pipe connected with the pulse valve (2); the heating pipe is used for processing instant pyrolysis of the biomass powder sprayed from the pulse valve (2); the heating pipe of the reacting device comprises a silicon carbon tube (5) and at least two graphite electrodes (6); the pulse valve (2) is connected with the silicon carbon tube (5) which is connected with the condensing device (9); the graphite electrodes (6) are electrically connected with the silicon carbon tube (5) to constitute a heating element; the reacting device also comprises a radiation-protection shield (7) arranged outside the silicon carbon tube (5); a pulse valve outlet (3) of the pulse valve (2) is connected with one end of the silicon carbon tube (5) through a flange plate I (4); the other end of the silicon carbon tube (5) is connected with the condensing device (9) through a flange plate II (8); the silicon carbon tube (5) is a reduced spray tube; and the graphite electrode (6) is arranged on the silicon carbon tube (5) by a sliding resistance mean.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbohydrate is reacted directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst prior to hydrogenolysis. The processing of portion of the reaction product involves contacting at least a portion of the reaction product with a condensation or hydrogenation catalyst to form the fuel blend, where the fuel blend comprises a gasoline fuel. The processing of at least a portion of the reaction product involves contacting at least a portion of the reaction product with an acid catalyst to form at least some olefins; and contacting the olefins with an oligomerization catalyst to form the fuel blend. The step of treating the bio-based feedstock so as to form a carbohydrate involves contacting at least a portion of the bio-based feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst. Preferred Components: The hydrogenolysis catalyst and hydrogenation catalyst are the same catalyst, and in the same reactor vessel. The fuel blend comprises at least one additive selected from: saturated alcohol, saturated polyol, and saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrolysis catalyst comprises at least one catalyst selected from: an acid catalyst, a base catalyst, a metal catalyst, acetic acid, formic acid, and/or levulinic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: mixing the feedstock at 60-80 degrees C before conducting the feedstock to the reaction zone; pre-treating the feedstock in a pretreatment zone at conditions to remove alkali metals; treating a petroleum hydrocarbon feedstock in the reaction zone; and blending at least a portion of the branched-paraffins with petroleum derived hydrocarbons to generate a blended fuel. The volume ratio of recycle to feedstock is 2:1-6:1, preferably 4:1, where the feedstock is hydrogenated and deoxygenated (decarboxylation, decarbonylation or hydrodeoxygenation) by contacting the feedstock with a hydrogenation and deoxygenation catalyst at 200-400 degrees C and a pressure of 1379-10342 kPa. The reaction product is passed to the isomerization zone after separating a gaseous component from the reaction product. The reaction zone and the isomerization zone are combined into a single stage. Preferred Components: The feedstock additionally comprises: at least one component consisting of canola oil, maize oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, colza oil, sunflower oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, Jatropha oil, Camelina oil, tallow, yellow and brown greases, lard, train oil, fats in milk, fish oil, algal oil, or sewage sludge; and at least one co-feed component consisting of spent motor oils, spent industrial lubricants, used paraffin waxes, liquids derived from the gasification of coal, biomass, natural gas followed by a downstream liquefaction step, liquids derived from depolymerization, thermal or chemical, of waste plastics, or synthetic oils generated as byproducts from petrochemical and chemical processes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises addition of: 50-500 mg nitrite/m3 of waste-water and the extract in an amount of 5-30 mg/m3 of waste-water; and all the components of the waste-water treating agent, which are present in a common solution to the waste-water, depending on the amount, residence time, temperature and/or contaminant load of the waste-water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The agent comprises: sodium- or potassium ions as counter ions of nitrites; and sodium-, potassium-, calcium- and/or magnesium ions as counter ions of nitrates. The agent comprises calcium nitrate (42-45 mass-%), sodium nitrite (1-4 mass-%) and/or the extract (0.3-5 mass-%) in the aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation material is obtained by mixing charcoal and medical stone at different proportions and drying the mixture at 105 degrees C. The weight ratio of charcoal and medical stone is 0.5-2. The composite material has granularity of 10-500 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The dung pit is an existing dung pit. The digester comprises at least one recirculation units partly recycling produced biogas to the biological material contained in the dung pit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite catalyst comprises HZSM-5, ZSM-5, ZSM-8, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, MFI, and pentasil. The reaction (b) comprises a hydrogen co-feed gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbohydrate comprises starches, polysaccharides, monosaccharides, dextrose, mannose, galactose, fructose, and/or sucrose. The polyol comprises maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, isomalt, and/or isomers. The hydrocarbon has a boiling point of -20 to 220 degrees C (preferably 140-220 degrees C). The hydrocarbon comprises toluene, xylene, pentane, trimethylbenzenes, benzene, butane, ethyl benzene, heptane, cyclohexane, hexane, octane, ethanol, naphthalene, trimethylbenzene 1,2,4, isopentane, styrene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether, tertiary amyl-methyl ether, alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and 1-12C hydrocarbons, or its isomers. The feedstock is an aqueous solution comprising 30-95% of sorbitol. Preferred Method: In the method of converting polyols to gasoline: the feedstock is co-fed with 1-2.5 ml/hour/mg catalyst of liquid co-feed; the liquid co-feed is methanol or pentane; the reaction temperature is 500 degrees C or 450 degrees C, the reaction pressure is 200 or 14 psig, and the feedstock flow rate is 3 or 1.3 ml/hour of 70% or 50% sorbitol per gram catalyst; the reaction comprises a co-feed of 1.5 ml/hour of methanol per gram catalyst; and the reaction comprises a co-feed of 1.6 ml/hour of isopentane per gram catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The urea is fed into the tank based on a mass ratio of tank water to nitrogen to phosphorus of 100:5:1. Preferred Method: The dissolved oxygen (DO) in the SBR reaction tank is measured during the process of acclimatization to ensure that adequate DO is available, where the dissolved oxygen is greater than 2 mg/l. The temperature of water is maintained at 17-22 degrees C. The pH of the mixed liquid is maintained at 6.5-8.5 by feeding sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Trees are used as biomass. The planting distance is selected as at most half of the height of the grown tree after 3 years of growth. The biomass is grown in plots, where the plants in a plot are of same age. The biomass is grown on a substrate, which includes soil, hydroponic and/or sand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resulting carbon dioxide, after the decomposition, is supplied to the biomass cultivation so that a complete carbon dioxide cycle is obtained. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere at the main stem of the plant at an height of 2/3 of the whole plant is adjusted to at least 450 (preferably at least 600) ppm during at least 50% of the entire growing season of each plant or when the growing season lasts longer than 100 days at at least 50 days of a continuous period of 100 days. The addition of ammonium compounds to the roots is carried out by embedding in deposits of ammonium compound between the plants and/or by a tube system with delivery devices such as nozzles or holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The carrier is starch, bran, paddy husk, wheat bran, orange residue and/or straw. The probiotics are Bacillus, Saccharomyces, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Oil spill and dispersible oil are removed by adding demulsifier (0.3-3 wt.%) to the sewage. Emulsified oil and suspended materials are removed by adding flocculant (50-150 mg/L) and coagulant (50-200 mg/L) to the sewage. Suspended materials and solid particles are separated by releasing dissolved gases of 0.4-0.6 MPa to a suspension pool, instantaneously decompressing dissolved gases to normal pressure, withdrawing gases dissolved in sewage, and separating microbubbles floating upwards. The microbubbles adsorb suspended materials in the sewage continuously during the floating process and bring them to the water surface, and are removed. The viscosity of sewage is reduced to less than 0.4 mPa.s by oxidizing iron electrode by electrode consumption and application of external alternating current (AC) voltage to release metal iron, capturing electron provided by external electric field with externally provided oxygen (O2) to form O2- which induces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and generates hydroxide (OH), and using OH with very high oxidation value to break the molecular chain of polymer so that the high polymer is broken and changed into micromolecules. Degradation of polymer and petroleum includes mixing liquid strain for degrading polymer with liquid strain for degrading petroleum at ratio of 1:1, and adding the mixture to the sewage. Filtration uses tubular ultrafiltration membrane with diameter of 8 mm, aperture of 30 nm, and water flow rate of 4.1 m/s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The salt-resistant aerobic bacteria is Gluconobacter oxydans, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. brevis, Micrococcus luteus, M. halobius, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, P. aureofaciens, P. chlororaphis, P. nitroreducens, P. riboflavina, P. putida, and/or P. facilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Chemical dephosphorization is performed by adding calcium hydroxide until pH 10-12. The Fe-C microelectrolysis effluent is diluted with water until chemical oxygen demand of less than or equal to 150000 mg/L. Fenton oxidation is performed after catalytic oxidation. Catalytic oxidation is performed for 2-4 hours. Flocculation precipitation is performed before aerobic biochemical treatment. Aerobic biochemical treatment is an anoxic/oxic (A/O) process performed in combination of A/O aeration biological filter pool in the presence of porous carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of Fenton oxidant to iron salt is 8-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (A), the domestic animal feces is at 5-7 pts.wt, the feed crop is at 3-6 pts.wt, fermenting time lasts for 18-22 days, and fermenting temperature is at 20-25 degrees C. In step (D), the edible mushroom residue is at 13 pts.wt, the earthworm is at 4 pts.wt, the earthworm feces is at 10 pts.wt, the grain is at 73 pts.wt, fermenting time lasts for 13-17 days, and fermenting temperature is at 20-30 degrees C. In step (D), the domestic animal feces is pig feces, cattle feces, and/or chicken feces. In step (E), the domestic animal is pig, cattle, and/or chicken. The cattle feces is at 5 pts.wt; and the feed crop is at 5 pts.wt. The pig feces is at 6 pts.wt; and the feed crop is at 4 pts.wt. The chicken feces is at 4 pts.wt; and the feed crop is at 6 pts.wt. The domestic animal feces mixture is at 7 pts.wt; and the feed crop is at 3 pts.wt. In step (A), the fermenting time lasts for 20 days; and the fermenting temperature is 30 degrees C. In step (F), the fermenting time lasts for 15 days; and the fermenting temperature is 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The steam is heated at 4000 degrees C in the plasma torch, depositing water molecule into active chemical substances comprising hydrogen gas (H2), hydrogen (H), oxygen gas (O-2), oxygen (O) and oxyhydrogen (HO); then and injecting active chemical substances into gasification furnace and using as gasification agent. The gasification agent is injected into gasification furnace via plasma torch comprises active chemical substances obtained by decomposing water molecule and undecomposed high temperature steam. The gasification agent is injected into gasification furnace via plasma torch used as a heat-carrying element carrying heat generated by plasma torch and entering into gasification furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Seepage-proofing treatment is performed on the substrate of the earthworm bed using clay with thickness of 50 inches to 1 meter. The inoculating intensity of the earthworm on earthworm bed is 25 kg of earthworm per m3. The sludge from the sewage treatment plant is aged for 2-3 days, and then taken as earthworm feed to add.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic substance is straw crushed as 2 cm, mushroom slag and/or medicinal slag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw powder, broad-leaved tree bits, dry sheep manure, broomcorn powder, wheat powder, plant ash and rapeseed cake are combined together and poured into a crusher to be crushed into 120-mesh particles. Then, the mixture is added with brown sugar, lime powder, magnesium sulfate, paclobutrazol and superphosphate, and poured in an agitator to be agitated for 50 minutes and taken out. Water is added at a ratio of 1:1.5-1:1.8, and the mixture and the water are agitated uniformly and put into a fermenting tank to be stacked. The mixture is tightly covered with plastic cloth, pressed and fermented for 49 hours to prepare the qualified nutritious additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Distilled water is also used for producing fuel i.e. ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The CF serves as anode, graphite as cathode, platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode and saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode in electrochemical reaction. The electrolyte is acid, alkaline or ammonium salt, and electrolytic liquid at concentration of 0.1-5 mol/L, if the electrochemical modification is the anode oxidization treatment. The acid is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid. The alkaline is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate, ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate. The elementary substance is maleic anhydride at concentration of 0.1-2 mol/L, if the electric polymerization treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The HCl is recycled at 70 plus minus degrees C and under vacuum degree of -0.095 Mpa or less. The mixed enzyme in step (c) comprises (in parts weight): acid proteolytic enzyme (3-5), cellulose (1.5-2.5), papain (3.5-6) and lysozyme (0.1-1). The enzyme is removed at 80-90 degrees C for 0.2-0.8 hours. The trace elements (5-100 parts per million) are chosen from boron, cobalt, molybdenum, and zinc. The liquid is concentrated to 25-30% in vacuum condition. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline substance is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydride. The condensing agent is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (A) is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 1-10 hours, where mol ratio of ketoconazole to alkaline substance is 1:2-7. The alkaline substance is trisodium citrate and/or triethanolamine. The step (B) is carried out for - 10-35 degrees C for 3-20 hours, where mol ratio of deacetylated product to dipyrocarbonate is 1:2-4. The organic solvent is dichloromethane, absolute ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, propanetriol, isobutanol, dimethyl formamide, petroleum ether and/or triethylamine. Preferred Definitions:    R=methyl, ethyl, propyl and tertbutyl.    ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen mixed gas generating device comprises a section of the flow lead pipe, which is a bent buffer passage. The gas inlet faces towards the bent buffer passage, for the high-oxygen gas to mix with the mixed liquid having micro-particles collected during the oxidation, and the mixed liquid having micro-particles can be pushed into the plasma heater for heating and split-decomposing. The atomizer is provided with multiple piezoelectric chips and a protection pipe having a certain height arranged above the piezoelectric chips. The reaction part of the flow lead pipe is equipped with a liquid level sensor at one end.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The plasma heater is a low-temperature plasma heater, which maintains the average temperature of heating region at 180-230 degrees C. The temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen mixed gas produced after split-decomposition by the plasma heater is 15-25 degrees C. The oxygen content of the high-oxygen gas is 90-96%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low-carbon gasoline, comprises (in wt.%) 90# gasoline (40), hydrogenated naphtha (20), methyl tertiary butyl ether (8) and low-carbon mixed alcohol (32). The low-carbon mixed alcohol is composed of methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanol and amyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino acid ionic liquid can be glycine ionic liquid (Bmim)(Gly) and glutamic ionic liquid (Bmim)(Glu). Preferred Method: The method further comprises distilling the separated crude biodiesel for removing excess methanol to obtain the biodiesel product, distilling the amino acid ionic liquid phase under normal pressure and depressurizing to remove methanol and glycerol, recycling the purified ionic liquid and separately evaporating and recycling methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of physically pre-processing the different kinds of agricultural wastes through different ways includes kneading, grinding and rubbing, crushing and breaking to break down the fiber structures of the agricultural wastes with multiple fibers, without exuding water from agricultural waste with much water, and reducing the size of large agricultural wastes. It includes adding water to agricultural waste with low water content. The large agricultural waste has size reduced to less than or equal to 2 cm. The step of physically pre-processing different kinds of agricultural wastes through different ways includes grinding and cutting the raw material with high water content, to prevent water from exuding from the raw material. During the turning step, permeability of the material is not damaged. During the discharging step, the fermented material is crushed and ground to break down the cellulose of wax coating. The upper end of the fermentation tank is additionally provided with a plant deodorant liquid spray head for intermittently spraying deodorant liquid during turning; and the material sprayed from the discharging device is fed into the sealed material space.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of gold and zirconia is 0.5-3 weight% and 97-99.5 weight%, respectively. The solution containing zirconium is chosen from zirconium nitrate, zirconium oxide, zirconium oxychloride, zirconium oxynitrate, zirconium sulfate, and zirconium acetate. The solvent of the solution containing zirconium is ethanol and/or water. The precipitator is chosen from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonia water, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate. Preferred Process: The kettle is heated at 130-190 degrees C for 3-23 hours. The carrier is dried at 80-150 degrees C for 5-24 hours, and baked at 200-500 degrees C for 2-6 hours. The settling temperature is 20-90 degrees C. The settling final point pH value is 7-9. The aging is performed at 20-90 degrees C for 1 hour. The ageing pH value is 7-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The adsorbed coal bed methane is further decarbonized and denitrified.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of methane is 20-80 volume%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises additive and filler. The content of additive is 10% and filler is 55.45%. Preferred Components: The additive is chosen from methoxy fatty amide benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde and white carbon black. The filler is chosen from precipitated calcium carbonate, kaolin and kieselguhr. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.    ADMINISTRATION - The solution (prepared by adding water to agent and diluting for 1000 times) is sprayed in 1-6 months to leaf, stem and root of the banana. The solution (0.5 l) is sprayed to each banana seed in 1-3 months. The solution (1.0 l) is sprayed to each banana in 3-6 months. The solution (1.5 l) is sprayed to each seed after 6 months at the spraying frequency of once a month in the banana seed growth period (all claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The agent further comprises illite, zeolite, bentonite, mineral powder, vermiculite and water regulating agent. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The storage unit processes the urine under low pressure. The treatment unit comprises discharging unit (60) equipped with screw type discharge and packing unit (70) for packing the processed product from the discharge unit. The reaction tank comprises reaction bath containing charcoal and microorganism for breaking down the waste product. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The source of triglyceride is vegetable oil or animal fat. The transesterification stage uses 0.95wt% sodium hydroxide, the temperature is 50 degrees C, and the pressure of 16.6 atm. The recovered product is subjected to mechanical stirring, at 50 degrees C for a maximum time of 10 minutes to complete the transesterification reaction. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial lipids are obtained from a yeast comprising Cryptococcus curvatus, Cryptococcus terricolus, Candida sp., Lipomyces starkeyi, Lipomyces lipofer, Endomycopsis vernalis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula gracilis, Rhodosporidium toruloides (preferred) or Yarrowia lipolytica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises isolating the microbial lipids from a microbial population. Preferred Components: The feed comprises yeast-lipids (2-30 (preferably 5-20) wt.%). The feed further comprises a hydrocarbon co-feed derived from mineral crude oil. The hydrocarbon co-feed is a hydrotreated gas oil fraction. The hydrotreatment catalyst comprises sulfided nickel and sulfided tungsten or molybdenum as hydrogenation components on a carrier comprising amorphous silica-alumina and/or zeolitic compound. EXAMPLE - Yeast lipid comprised of triacylglycerides (54 wt.%), diglycerides (3.9 wt.%), monoglycerides (0.2 wt.%) and free fatty acids (19.5 wt.%) was diluted (18 wt.%) in dodecane and fed to the supplied to the top bed of a fixed bed microflow unit at 200 degrees C, 60 bar and weight by hour space velocity of 1 g oil/ ml catalyst of the top bed per hour. A gas stream comprised of hydrogen sulfide (2.5 vol.%) and hydrogen (97.5 vol.%) was supplied to the top bed at a gas-to-oil ratio of 2000 NL/kg. The total pressure was 60 bar in both beds. The conversion based on amount of residual oxygen in liquid samples was 98.6-99.8%. As well as the dodecane used as diluents the product contained 55 wt.% 17C, 18C paraffins and 30 wt.% 15C, 16C paraffins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves pre-processing the biomass. During enzyme saccharification, aqueous enzyme solution is separated into solid-liquid phases containing glucose produced by enzyme saccharification, and slurry phase containing non-degraded cellulose and/or hemicellulose. The method involves stirring the solid-liquid phase intermittently, mixing the solid-liquid phase temporarily, and maintaining the separated solid-liquid phases. The method involves extracting aqueous solution containing glucose, and supplying the slurry phase continuously or intermittently. The method involves supplying the extracted aqueous solution to the slurry phase. In the method, time taken for stirring solid-liquid phase is T1 and time taken for maintaining solid-liquid phase is T2, where T2 is greater than T1. In the method, time taken for supplying the aqueous solution to the slurry phase is t1, and time taken for maintaining separated solid-liquid phases is t2, where the t2 is greater than t1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In pretreating crude oil, the hydrocarbon-utilizing and biosurfactant-producing microbial strain is Pseudomonas spp., where Pseudomonas spp. is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biosurfactant produced is rhamnolipid. The biosurfactant produced in the propagated culture is 1-15 g/L. Preferably, 1-3 g/L of the biosurfactant is used for pre-treating 50 ml of crude oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel-based catalyst comprises nickel, nickel oxide, magnesium oxide and silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The usage-amount of (c) with respect to total amount of (a), (b) and (c) is less than or equal to 50 mol%. The molar ratio (a/b) of (a) and (b) is 10/90-90/10. The mass ratio (X/Y) of component (X) and component (Y) is 10/90-90/10. Preferred Components: The component (X) is copolymer (X1). The copolymerizing monomer (d) is monomer (f) of formula PhCH=CH2 (5) or monomer (h) of formula CH2=CH2 (7). The copolymerizing monomer (e) is monomer (g) of formula CH2=CR4(C(=O)OR6) (6) and monomer (i) of formula CH2=CHOC(=O)Me (8). The component (Y) consists of copolymer (Y3) which is obtained by copolymerizing monomer (f) and monomer (g), copolymer (Y4) which is obtained by copolymerizing monomer (h) and monomer (i), homopolymer (Y5) which is obtained by polymerizing monomer (g), or homopolymer (Y6) which is obtained by polymerizing (g). The biodiesel comprises cetane number improver, cleaning agent solvent, hydrocarbon solvent, antioxidant, lubricity improving agent, metal deactivator, deicing agent, corrosion inhibitor, antistatic agent, coloring agent, water draining agent, and/or antifoamer as additive.Ph=phenyl group;R4=H or methyl;R6=1-40C hydrocarbon; andMe=methyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal material is aluminum, magnesium or their alloy, and has average particle diameter of 30 mu m or less and thickness of 5 mu m or less. The aqueous acid is sulfuric acid aqueous solution, phosphoric acid aqueous solution and/or acetic acid aqueous solution, preferably sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The concentration of acidic component of aqueous acid is 40 %mass or less. The heat generating material is calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and/or calcium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves treating cow dung with calcium superphosphate (before stacking process), where the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the dung is 32-34 to 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the membrane-type biogas tank with hanging part, an inlet with waterproof zipper is installed on the membrane-type biogas tank liner; a heat circulating system is installed in the tank; the heat circulating system heats the membrane-type biogas tank by a hot water circulating pipe; the raised hanging part is a screw; the groove hanging part is a nut; the connection method is that the nut is screwed to carry out fixedly connecting; the groove is set with a sliding groove with a certain length; the raised hanging part is a T type; and a manhole is installed above the rectangle solid, cylinder, sphere and ellipse liner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In step (B), the operation of multi-effect evaporator meets 4500-6000 mg/L of COD, 3000 mg/L of BOD5, 50 mg/L of suspended solid, pH value of 6.0-9.0, and 300-500 mg/L of NH3-N. In step (C), the spray-drying tower or roller type drier is used for drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyzing heat carrier and oxygen transferring material is oxide of iron, nickel, and/or zinc. The oxide is iron oxide (FeO, Fe2O3, and/or Fe3O4). The raw coal is raw coal and coal direct-liquefaction catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The germicide can be prepared into microemulsion by completely mixing (pts.wt.) extract (2-6), solvent (0.5-3) and agrochemical (1-2) at 50 degrees C; slowly adding deionized water (2-4); and stirring into homogenous transparent liquid to obtain microemulsion. The extraction solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone and/or cyclohexane. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: (i) dissolving soluble calcium salt and water insoluble drugs into organic solvent, where the molar concentration of the solution of the soluble calcium salt is 0.01-0.5 mol/l, and the mass-volume concentration of the mixed liquid of the water insoluble drugs is 0.1-200 g/l; (ii) mixing the solution and adjusting the pH value to 3-12; (iii) pouring the soluble phosphate solution into the above obtained solution to obtain the reaction solution, and obtaining white precipitate after reacting for 1 minute-24 hours, where the molar concentration of the precipitate in the soluble phosphate solution is 0.01-0.5 mol/l; and (iv) separating the white precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano-carrier system.Preferred Components: The soluble calcium salt is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate or calcium acetate. The soluble phosphate is sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and/or disodium hydrogen phosphate. The molar ratio of phosphate radical and the calcium ion in the reaction liquid is 1:2-2:1. The volume ratio of organic solvent and water in the reaction liquid is 1:9-9:1. The phase of the calcium phosphate is hydroxyl apatite, amorphous calcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate and/or calcium hydrophosphate. The drugs loading amount is 0.1-2 g drugs for each gram of calcium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is water soluble organic solvents. The pH is adjusted using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The water insoluble drug is ibuprofen, atorvastatin calcium or indometacin.
ACTIVITY - Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic; Analgesic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed fuel comprises (in %) 95% hydrous ethanol (20), diesel (40), biodiesel (35) and cosolvent (5). The cosolvent is an alcohol cosolvent or mixture of saturated monohydric fatty alcohol with 4 carbons and 8 carbons or isooctanol and normal butanol. The volume ratio of the isooctanol and normal butanol is 1:1. The diesel is 5 diesel, 0 diesel, -10 diesel, -20 diesel, -35 diesel and -50 diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The phase splitting method for the biodiesel and byproduct glycerin in the step (a) comprises: statically placing for 6-12 hours, 3000-5000 revolutions per minute, centrifuging for 5-30 minutes or hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane separation. The reclaimed short chain alcohol and the roasting sodium silicate are repeatedly used for the step (a). The catalyst roasting sodium silicate is repeatedly used for 5-10 times. In the process, after the catalytic activity of the roasting sodium silicate that is used repeatedly is dropped, the roasting sodium silicate is used as catalyst in the hydro-thermal reaction in the step (c).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dissolved gases comprise carbon dioxide, oxygen and methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is a basic metal oxide, preferably magnesium oxide. The surface is fully coated with the coating with a thickness of 1-100 mu m. The catalyst comprises: vanadium(V) oxide and molybdenum trioxide on titanium oxide, or vanadium(V) oxide and tungsten trioxide on titanium oxide; zeolites of structure type beta (BEA), MFI loaded with metal, preferentially iron and copper. Preferred Method: The coating of the support with the second aqueous suspension is carried out by a spraying method including air-atomized spraying, air-assisted spraying, airless spraying, high volume low pressure spraying, air-assisted airless spraying or wash-coating method. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The combustion of organic waste with oxygen is carried out by igniting carbide and emitting acetylene gas by reaction with water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In step of thermochemical and chemical analysis of candidate components, the composition of these components and their calorific value, the rate of ash and volatile materials and humidity content is determined. During the study phase of the physical characteristics of candidate components, the size of the components in the crude state is examined, the density of the components is studied and the ability in granulation is analyzed. In the step of regulating and optimizing the melting temperature of ash and the corrosiveness and toxicity of smoke derived from combustion of the base product, the melting temperature of the ash to a temperature of 1000 degrees C by the addition of mineral additives, preferably calcium is increased. In step of regulating and optimizing the melting temperature of ash and the corrosiveness and toxicity of smoke derived from combustion of the base product, a natural mineral additive to neutralize the chlorine and reduce acidity, such as sodium is added to that product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: A drive motor (2) is connected with rotating shaft, and storage chamber of compost (15). The fermentation tank outer wall surface is wrapped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cetane ethers are selected from ethyl 12,10-dinitrate-9-ethoxystearate, trans-9-ethoxy, ethyl 10-nitrate stearate, ethyl 12,10,9 trinitrate stearate, trans-9,10-ethyl dinitrate stearate, trans-10-nitrate, ethyl 9-ethoxy stearate, 12,10-dinitrate ethoxystearate-9-methyl-9-trans,10-ethoxy methyl nitrate stearate , methyl 12,10,9 trinitrate stearate, trans-9,10-methyl dinitrate stearate, trans-10-nitrate, 9-methyl ethoxy stearate, isopropyl nitrate, N butyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, n-hexyl nitrate, 2-octyl nitrate, 2-ethoxy-ethyl nitrate, n-octyl nitrate, n-heptyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol dinitrate, tetraethylene glycol nitrate, 2-(4-morpholine)-ethyl,1,3-dimethoxy-2-nitrate-propane, 1,3-diethoxy-nitrate-2-propane, 1,3-dipropoxy-2-nitrate- propane, or 1,3-dibutoxy-2-nitrate-propane. Ethyl ricinoleate, methyl ricinoleate, ricinoleic n-propylester, n-ricinoleate or their mixture is used as an agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The diatomaceous earth and wooden fragment are baked at less than or equal to 1000 degrees C. The granular particles of carbonized diatomaceous earth and wooden fragment (40-90 wt.%) are added to the organic sludge (10-60 wt.%) after fractionation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pellet is formed of a pressed lithium aluminum hydride powder. The pellet includes at least one chemical hydride comprising lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, potassium aluminum hydride, magnesium aluminum hydride, calcium hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium hydride, magnesium hydride, lithium aluminum alloy (Li3Al2), calcium alanate, magnesium aluminum alloy (Mg2Al3), alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or alkali metal silicides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel pellet is porous to hydrogen. The tubes comprise sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene. The pellet includes a membrane to prevent hydrogen from escaping from the container except through the hydrogen outlet. The tubes are uniformly distributed throughout the fuel pellet, to uniformly distribute water vapor to the fuel and to remove heat from the fuel. The fuel pellet is surrounded by a particulate filter. The container is formed of light weight plastic that is hydrogen impermeable. The device further comprises plates sealed against the inlet and outlet of the container, to contain the fuel, where the plates have openings sealed against the corresponding ends of the tubes. The plates comprise pairs of plates compressing an o-ring between them around each end of the tubes. The size of the inlet and outlet are adapted to be at least as large in area as a combined area of the tubes. The fuel pellet is cylindrical in shape having an axis that is parallel to the tubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the fuel pellet is formed by: placing a chemical hydride powder in a fixture with rods; pressing the powder into the fixture to form the pellet; removing the resulting pellet and inserting it into a hydrogen impermeable container; and inserting the tubes through holes in the pellet corresponding to the rods.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bioconversion agent is at least one member comprising facultative anaerobes, acetogens, methanogens or fungi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The contacting step is carried out at a temperature of 0-300 degrees C, preferably 10-200 degrees C and a pH of 5-10. The method further comprises: subjecting the coal and the member to sonication during the contacting step; treating with one or more bioconversion agents during or after the treating with the member; and adding nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and metal catalysts before or during the contacting step. Preferred Components: The coal is fully solubilized or partially solubilized as a result of the contacting step. The member is an aromatic alcohol. The bioconversion results in the formation of methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The preparation of the padding in step (i) comprises: (a) uniformly mixing a microbial agent composition (0.1-0.2 kg/m3), saw dust (100-200 kg/m3), rice husk (100-200 kg/m3) and rice bran (5-7 kg/m3), maintaining the humidity at 40-50% by spraying water; (b) fermenting the mixture in step (a) by stacking, fermenting the mixture at room temperature for 4-6 days and when the internal temperature reaches 60-75 degrees C fermenting the mixture for 4-6 days to prepare the padding. The feeding process in step (i) comprises: dispersing the stacked cow excrement into the microecological fermentation bed and turning once in every 15-30 days at a depth of 30-50 cm. Preferred Components: The amount of the earthworm added in step (iii) is 2.5 kg/m2. The cow excrement is added after introducing the earthworm on the ridges for 7-15 days and the density is 8-15 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wood biomass is crushed material chosen from one or more types of tatami mat, rice straw, woodchips, wood powder, sawdust and waste paper. The waste oil is chosen from waste solvent, waste coating material, waste ink, waste reducer, by-product glycerol and distillation residue. Preferred Method: The method involves adjusting moisture content by mixing 30-300 parts mass of waste oil with 100 parts mass of wood biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The gaseous oxidant is ozone. The liquid oxidant is hydrogen peroxide and/or hypochlorous acid. The adding amount of the gaseous oxidant and liquid oxidant are 10-300 mg/l and 10-100 mg/l, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand content of sewage is 1000-50000 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand content is 100-5000 mg/l. The high-concentration sewage is from petroleum refining and petroleum chemical industry. Preferred Method: The operation conditions of the biomembrane reactor are as follows: the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours, the temperature is 15-35 degrees C and the dissolved oxygen amount is 1-7 mg/l. The carrier is filled at the interior of biomembrane reactor, when normally running. The surface of carrier is absorbed with the biomembrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The photosynthetic growth of microalgae is carried out without irradiation interruption. The step (a) of photosynthetic growth of microalgae is carried out by circulating the aqueous stream comprising microalgae, carbon dioxide and nutrients, in a series of several consecutive tubular reactors, preferably located more and more deeply to ensure a gravity flow of the stream containing microalgae from the first to the last of reactors. The process comprises carrying out a recirculation of the stream exiting at least one tubular photosynthetic growth reactor more in downstream towards at least one tubular reactor of photosynthetic growth more in upstream, preferably via additional reactors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: In the process, means for irradiation of microalgae to ensure the photosynthesis are lamps or tubes to deliver rays to ensure the photosynthesis, localized in the well, preferably neon tubes, and where at least part of the heat by the means of radiation is recovered. The temperature within the tubular reactor implemented in step (a) is maintained substantially constant around a chosen value. The inner wall of the well is located or the tubular growth reactor is provided with a reflective surface. The tubular reactor of photosynthetic growth of microalgae in step (a) is arranged vertically or substantially vertically and the stream comprising microalgae flows from top to bottom of the reactor by gravity. The tubular reactor is vertically positioned in the buried well. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Process: The process comprises: selecting at least one yeast strain in which the amount of alcohol produced at tmax (reference) in the toxic selection medium is greater than the amount of alcohol produced at tmax (reference) by the yeast strain 1-4071 number in the same toxic selection medium; selecting, in a non-toxic medium in which the sugar is not the limiting factor of fermentation, at least one strain of yeast with the maximum amount of alcohol produced is greater or equal to 90% of the strain number 1-4071 in non-toxic selection medium. The process comprises a preliminary step of obtaining yeast strains by crossing and/or mutagenesis. Preferred Components: The toxic selection medium and non-toxic selection medium are synthetic medium. In the process-I, the fermentation medium is toxic fermentation medium; and the toxic fermentation medium includes recycled and/or molasses water. Preferred Process: The process-I comprises partially or totally recycling the fermentation medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-ionized organic acid is acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid and/or levulinic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The potassium phosphate carrier is an animal bone material in the form of defatted and degelatinized bone meal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises alkaline earth metal salt, preferably potassium hydrogen phosphate so that nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-sulfur is formed. The fertilizer comprises alkaline earth metal salt, preferably magnesium hydrogen phosphate so that nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-sulfur-magnesium is formed. The fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-magnesium-sulfur fertilizer. Preferred Process: The reaction for producing the fertilizer is carried out in a closed reaction vessel by a batch- and continuously operated process. The fertilizer is processed into grains with a grain size of 2.5-4 mm, cured in a cooler and subsequently cooled in storage conditions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is urea. The fertilizer uses orthophosphoric acid with a concentration of 45-58% of phosphorus pentoxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Calcium phosphate (310 g), calcium carbonate (100 g), phosphoric acid dihydrate (804 g), ammonium sulfate (528 g) and urea (60 g) were mixed and formulated into a homogeneous mixture. Ortho phosphoric acid and 5% phosphorus pentoxide were added to the mixture. The obtained product was formulated into granules with a grain size of 2.5-4 mm. The granules were cured by passing through a cooler and were cooled at the storage conditions to give a corresponding product comprising phosphorus pentoxide (32.6%), nitrogen (8%), and sulfur (7.3%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culture medium of the inclined plane of the test tube is potato dextrose agar (PDA) inclined plane culture medium. The bran (2%) is carbon source. The yeast extract (1%) is nitrogen source. The ammonium sulfate (60 wt.%) has salting-out effect.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the biological organic fertilizer comprehensive utilization and production system, a combustible gas desulfurization and dehydration device (7) and an air storage and air supply device (8) are also connected with the primary fermentation device (3) in turn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (A) comprises: 10-99 wt.% of amine, 1-90 wt.% of water and 5 ppm to 5 wt.% of degradation inhibitor compound. The degradation inhibitor compound is: N,N'-dimethylthiourea, or N,N'-diethylthiourea (both preferred), thiourea, N-methylthiourea, N-ethylthiourea, N-propylthiourea, N-allylthiourea, N-butylthiourea, N-phenylthiourea, N-benzylthiourea, N,N'-diisopropylthiourea, N,N'-dibutylthiourea, N,N'-ditertbutylthiourea, N,N'-diallylthiourea, N, N'-dihexylthiourea, N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea, N,N'-diheptylthiourea, N,N'-dioctylthiourea, N,N'-di-3-pyridylthiourea, N,N'-dicyanovinylthiourea, N,N'-difurfurylthiourea, 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole, morpholine-4-carbothioamide, acetylthiourea, 2-imino-4-thiobiuret, dithiobiuret, 2,5-dithiobiurea, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylthiourea, thiocarbohydrazide, thiosemicarbazide, 4-methylthiosemicarbazide, 4- ethylthiosemicarbazide, 2-thiohydantoin, ethylenethiourea (or 2-imidazolidinethione), 1-methyl-2-imidazolidinethione or 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine-2-thione. The amine is N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, piperazine, monoethanolamine (preferred), diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, glycine salt or taurine salt, where the amount of the monoethanolamine is at least 39 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The mixture of raw material and additive A has carbon to nitrogen ratio of 15-45 and water content of 45-75%. The weight of additive B is 0.1-0.5 wt.% of that of the materials. The ventilatory capacity is 20-180 L/minute.m3. The weight of additive C is 0.3-2.0 wt.% of the total weight of the materials. The weight of additive D is 0.3-2.0 wt.% of the total weight of the materials. The materials are formed into an organic fertilizer when water content of the materials in the drying step is less than 30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the semi-ground anaerobic reaction tank, the reaction main body (1) is rectangular or square; the reaction main body (1) is made of steel plate or concrete; the top part of the reaction tank top plate (3) is formed with 1-4 man holes (4); a rubber pad for increasing the tightness is arranged between the opening position of the man hole (4) and the sealing cover (5); the reaction tank top plate (3) is also fixedly connected with a lightning rod (11); the reaction tank top plate (3) is also set with a stainless steel guard rail (12); the outlet on the upper end of the circulation pipe (12) is three-way pipe (13); the exhaust pipe is set with a stop valve and a pressure meter; and the water inlet pipe is set with a check valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Wheat bran or crop straw as additive is incorporated in the substrate. Functional bacterium is Pseudomonas putida and bacterium mixture of Ty-3 black mold and TR-5 Trichoderma. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer is prepared by using (in wt.%): baking agent (0.3), oil cake (0.5), white sugar (0.15), urea (2), zeolite powder (1.5) and balanced garden waste. Preferred Components: Garden waste is branches, leaves or grass crumbs. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The total quantity of inorganic fertilizer is 3.24-3.96 kg/mu. In base fertilizer and top application quantities of P2O5 are 6-9 kg/mu, and quantities of K2O are 15-20 kg/mu. About 25-35 days after transplantation of flue-cured tobacco, the small earth-up and first top applications are carried out. About 60-65 days after the transplantation of flue-cured tobacco, third top application is carried out. The mass ratio of water and fertilizer sprayed in third top application is 1:10-15. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dosage form is essential oil raw liquor, powder and emulsion. Precipitation of the emulsion is composed of 5-10% citronella oil, 5-10% Tween (RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester), 5% ethanol, and water as balance. The application step comprises applying the citronella oil to the potato storage environment by using directly fumigating, sprinkling and soaking manners. When directly using the bud inhibiting agent raw liquor, the bud inhibiting agent raw liquor is added in an opened container and then put in the potato storage environment. When using bud inhibiting agent powder, it is directly and uniformly spread in potato pile, where the effective concentration of citronella oil is 0.01-0.1 mL/L. When using bud inhibiting agent emulsion, it is uniformly sprinkled to potato pile, where the effective concentration of citronella oil is 0.01%; and the optimal storage transporting temperature of the potato is 4-10 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw materials comprise (wt.%) oily sludge (10-30), biological materials (65-88) and preservative (1-5). The flocculant is polyacrylamide flocculant. The moisture content of composite biological pellets is 25-35%. Preferred Processes: The method comprises using sludge pump to lift oily sludge collected or converged into a sludge tank to sludge concentrated tank, and settling sludge in concentrated tank for 2-6 hours by gravity, and moisture content of concentrated sludge of 90-95%; conveying sludge concentrated to pipe mixer, putting flocculant to mix and conveying flocculated sludge to dewatering equipment, with moisture content of dewatered sludge of 70-80%. The extruded and formed products are dried at 160 degrees C by saturated vapor temperature, and the moisture content of the dried products is 14-15%. The particle sizes of biological materials are crushed to less than 5 mm before biological materials are mixed. The biological materials are crushed mixture of barks, trunk branches, waste timbers, shrubs, saw dust, straw, rice hulls, bagasse and/or cassava dregs. The oily sludge is produced while exploiting crude oil, oily sludge in procedure of pumping oil in the oil fields or the oily sludge in the oil refinery and sewage treatment plants; and the oil content of the oil sludge is 10-50%.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Immunostimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copper salt can be inorganic copper salt selected from copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, or basic cupric carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quat. ammonium salt surfactant is single chain or double chain chlorine or bromine-containing quat. ammonium salt surfactant with greater than or equal to 8C fatty hydrocarbon. The copper salt is organic copper salt. The quat. ammonium salt surfactant is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, butyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, butyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, didecyl triethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl triethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl triethyl ammonium chloride, myristyl triethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl triethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl triethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl triethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl triethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ammonium bromide, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, or dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide. The organic copper salt is copper acetate or cupric tartrate. The Chinese medicinal herb extract liquid is prepared by mixing herba portulacae, fluxweed and Scutellaria baicalensis, extracting with 25-95% ethanol aqueous solution, and concentrating extract liquid or diluting with water into 0.1-1 (preferably 5) g crude drug/ml of extract liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracted waste liquid of fermented glutamic acid is obtained by freezing the plasma or concentrating the plasma, electrically crystallizing the glutamic acid, degerming the glutamic acid, multi-effectively evaporating and concentrating the glutamic acid, and carrying out crystallization of the extracted waste liquid of the fermented glutamic acid at 40-130 degrees C such that weight content of solid in the concentrated slurry reaches 40-90%, single-effectively evaporating and concentrating the concentrated slurry processed by the multi-effective evaporation and concentration at 80-150 degrees C such that weight content of solid in the concentrated slurry reaches 80-99%, preferably 90-99%. The method further involves regulating pH of the extracted waste liquid of fermented glutamic acid to 4.5-8 and removing thallus cells from the extracted waste liquid of fermented glutamic acid by flocculation, air flotation and filter before performing step (a). The step (c) further involves adding nitrogen, potassium and/or phosphorus elements to the material obtained by cooling in the step (b) and coating at least one of coal ash, humus, paraffin, elemental sulfur, modified starch and clay on the surface of the particle obtained by prilling. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali catalyst in the step (i) is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate (preferred), sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the use amount of the catalyst is 1-5 or 1-2 equivalent weights, preferably 1.1 equivalent weights.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A solvent is used in the step (i), which is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, butanone (preferred), tetrahydrofuran or toluene. A solvent is used in the step (ii), which is dichloromethane (preferred), chloroform, toluene, tetrahydrofuran or butanone. An organic alkali is used in the step (ii) for catalyzing the reaction, which is triethylamine, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine. A solvent is used in the step (iii), which is DMF, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene (preferred), tetrahydrofuran or butanone. The reaction temperature in the step (i) is from room temperature to refluxing temperature, preferably refluxing temperature. The amount of used di-n-butyl amine is 1-10 equivalent weights or 2-4 equivalent weights, preferably 3 equivalent weights. The amount of catalyst for catalyzing the reaction is 1-3 equivalent weights, preferably 1.3 equivalent weights.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The hydrating tower uses a vertical column structure with a height/diameter of 1:2-1:20. The hydrating tower is provided with a porous spiral coil pipe inside for forming a material flow spraying and rotating spirally when the raw material is added and bubbled by the spiral coil pipe such that the reaction material is contacted sufficiently to improve synthesis rate of hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The hydration promoter is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The molding degree control agent is glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microelement is iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The impurities in waste oil mixture is removed during esterification reaction (a). The fatty acid methylester is purified, after transesterification reaction (t1). Preferred Composition: The catalyst (c2) contains sodium methoxide dissolved in methanol solvent. The weight ratio of sodium methoxide and methanol solvent is 15-45 wt.%. The catalyst (c1) contains sodium hydroxide dissolved in methanol solvent. The weight ratio of sodium hydroxide and methanol solvent is 5-25 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The sludge concentration measurement unit is chosen from viscosity meter, densitometer using scattered near infrared light, ultrasonic sludge interface meter and microwave densitometer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of waste oil regeneration containing waste material fuel of wood chips further includes pressing by mixing and putting into formwork when water is used instead of waste oil and manufacturing fuel which carries out warm air drying after extrusion dehydration. The fuel is permeated in wood vinegar, bamboo acid liquid, and unhulled rice vinegar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical mixture consists of 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium (100 mg/ml), 3-pyridinecarboxamide (100 mg/ml), 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (10 mg/ml), 3-((2R,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-utanoyl)amino)propanoic acid (10 mg/ml), riboflavin (5 mg/ml), cyanocobalamin (100 mcg/ml), 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammonio -butanoate (100 mg/ml), 2-aminopentanedioic acid (250 mg/ml), 2-aminopropanoic acid (50 mg/ml), N-(4(2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridin-6-ylmethylamino)-benzoyl)-L(+)-glutamic acid (200 mg/ml), biotin (50 mg/ml), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (10 mg/ml), citric acid (100 mg/ml) and preservative (0.002%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: In the apparatus, acid production tank evaluation part stores the evaluation chart which shows the relationship of the oxidation-reduction potential and pH regarding each reaction process in which it advances within acid production tank, where reaction state in acid production tank is evaluated by mapping measured value and pH-measurement value on the evaluation chart. The reaction condition setting means regulates the reaction conditions of acid production tank. The control apparatus which adjusts the reaction conditions of acid production tank is comprised by controlling the reaction condition setting means based on the evaluation result of an acid production tank evaluation part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modification-catalyst layer is cermet including nickel and/or ruthenium. The hydrogen separation layer consists of hydrogen permeability metal filled in pore of porous body. The hydrogen permeability metal is palladium or palladium alloy. The main component of reaction barrier layer and surface protective layer is ceramics or glass. The ceramics are stabilized zirconias.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: In apparatus for generating hydrogen, the gas-leakage detection means is equipped with the igniter which performs an ignition operation, and the flame detector which detects the flame in the igniter vicinity. The control part performs an ignition operation to the igniter, and the presence or absence of flame detection in the flame detector is performed. They are multiple preparations in series with respect to the fuel gas flow channel about the fuel gas cutoff valve. The control part interrupts only arbitrary one out of these fuel gas cutoff valves, when releasing the source gas cutoff valve. Dilution means to dilute the leakage gas provided downstream from the fuel gas cutoff valve is provided. When the control part detects a gas leakage, the control part dilutes the gas leaked from the fuel gas cutoff valve to the downstream fuel gas flow channel using the dilution means, and emits it from the fuel gas flow channel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst contains iron or nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In manufacturing catalyst of low hydrocarbon and the aromatic compound, the hydrogen storage substance is either titanium or titanium carbide. The methane is made to contact and mixed with the metallosilicate and the hydrogen storage substance. Also, methane is made to contact and positioned the layer of the metallosilicate, and the layer of the hydrogen storage substance by turns. The catalyst carries out contact reaction of the methane and manufactures low hydrocarbon and the aromatic compound, comprising the metallosilicate which carry the catalyst metal, and a hydrogen storage substance are mixed. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrophilic inorganic material is 1-4 times the amount of organic binding material. The ion-permeable separation membrane is formed using a solution containing hydrophilic inorganic material, organic binding material, organic solvent and dispersing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The organic nonwoven fabric is polypropylene or nylon fabric. The thickness of organic nonwoven fabric is 50 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic biological zone, facultative anaerobic biological zone, aerobic biological zone, gas-water separation zone and the solid-liquid separation zone are connected in turn. A solid-liquid separation device is arranged in the solid-liquid separation zone. The solid-liquid separation device is settling device, settling and heating device or filtering device. The solid-liquid separation zone is not provided with the solid-liquid separation device according to the requirement to reach the aim of separating the solid from liquid by free settlement. A biogas collection device is arranged on the top part of the anaerobic biological zone according to whether to collect the biogas. The water tank is divided into grids by increasing the anaerobic time and reducing the water tank depth, and the bottoms are connected. The anaerobic biological zone can be placed on grid singly. The other four functional zones are placed in the other grid. A pre-treatment facility is arranged in front of the integrated sewage processing device. A depth processing facility is connected behind the sewage processing device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus The hydrothermal decomposition apparatus provides predetermined temperature whose supply temperature of the pressurized hot water is 180-240 degrees C. The temperature which does not have the hot-water dissolution component in excessive loosening is 140 degrees C or less. The temperature-reduction region is a temperature range descended from the temperature to which pressurized hot water was supplied to 140 degrees C or less. The temperature-reduction region consists of at least two steps. First temperature-reduction region is temperature range descended from the temperature to which pressurized hot water was supplied to 180 degrees C; and second temperature-reduction region is temperature range descended from 180 degrees C to 140 degrees C or less. The hydrothermal decomposition apparatus is apparatus of tilted type or vertical type. Preferred System: The manufacturing system comprises second enzymatic-decomposition apparatus which carries out an enzymatic decomposition to the sugar liquid which enzyme-treats the hemicellulose component in a hot-water discharge liquid, and contains a pentose; and second fermentation apparatus which manufactures any one of alcohol, petroleum substitute items, or amino acids by fermentation process using the second sugar liquid obtained with the second enzymatic-decomposition apparatus. It further comprises sulfuric acid decomposition apparatus decomposed into the second sugar liquid which carries out sulfuric acid decomposition of the hemicellulose component in the hot-water discharge liquid discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, and contains a pentose; and second fermentation apparatus which manufactures any one of alcohol, petroleum substitute items, or amino acids by fermentation process using the second sugar liquid obtained by the sulfuric acid decomposition apparatus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The microbial population further comprises at least any one of hydrogen utilizing methane bacterium and glycolytic microorganism. The suspension liquid is methane fermentation sludge or methane fermentation sludge containing liquid. The hydrophobic carrier is carbon carrier. The lignocellulosic biomass is straw, preferably rice straw. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: The hydrogen may be produced from a source that causes minimal or negligible emissions of carbon compounds to the environment, for example from electrolysis of water using electricity from renewable or nuclear sources of energy, and that in so doing, the hydrocarbon compounds produced by the anaerobic digester will be carbon neutral. The microbes may be methanogenic bacteria or other species. The dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonates may be molecular carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonates ions. The other organic compounds may include, but not be limited to: carboxylic acids, carboxylates, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. The carbon dioxide may alternatively be gathered from sea water, either by directly using sea water as an input to the anaerobic digester, or by concentrating carbon dioxide from sea water. If biological material is introduced into anaerobic digester and broken down by anaerobic bacteria in it, the addition of hydrogen decreases the amount of carbon dioxide released by the digester and increases the amount of methane and other organic compounds produced. The gaseous products of the anaerobic digester will contain much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide than conventional biodas, and will therefore be much closer to being useful as a fuel than the gaseous products of a conventional anaerobic digester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber component is trialkylamine, dialkylmonohydroxyalkylamine, monoalkyldihydroxyalkylamine or trihydroxyalkylamine, preferably N-methyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine. The first activator is monoethanolamine or diethanolamine. The piperazine derivative is 2-alkyl piperazine, 2-hydroxyalkylpiperazine, 2-aminoalkylpiperazine or 2-phenylpiperazine, where the residue phenyl comprises further substituents. Preferred Composition: The washing solution comprises an inhibitor based on silicone oil as a further additive in an amount of 1-100 parts per million. Preferred Method: The separation of carbon dioxide from the biogas or sewage gas is carried out at a pressure of 1-5 bar and the contact time between the crude gas stream and the washing solution is 20-200 seconds. The regeneration of the loaded washing solution is carried out at 80-110 degrees C. A certain amount of second activator component and/or an inhibitor based on silicone oil are dosed during the circulation mode of the washing solution. The temperature profile of the washing solution is continuously monitored over a column bed height and, optionally a subsequent dosing of the activator component and/or the inhibitor is initiated at a considerable exceedance of the actual temperature of the predetermined target temperature. A portion of the loaded washing solution is removed at the bottom of the column and these additionally is regenerated at considerably reduced pressure within a secondary regeneration stage when compared with main regeneration stage, and the regenerated washing solution is recycled at the top of the column. EXAMPLE - Washing solution comprised of (in wt.%): triethanolamine (35), monoethanolamine (6), 2-ethylpiperazine (4), 2-(aminoalkyl)piperazine (4), and water (51).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises renewable raw materials, biological wastes from the food industries and the industrial processing of fruits and vegetables, assorted municipal wastes, sediments of wastewater treatment plants, animal biomass, bone meal and other solid biological alternative- and waste materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The connection is made between the drying system and the reactor by supplying pipes vertically arranged to the drying system, where the connection exhibits a dosing chamber in its lower part. The vapor generator is constructed as a tubular evaporator within the drying system and formed spiral-shaped. The connecting point for feeding the recovered heat energy into the open heating network, the connecting point for cooling and/or the connecting point for drying are provided at the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected with the drying device by the connection, where the biomass is pre-died by the heat accumulated in the heat exchanger. The devices and the equipments of the apparatus are respectively arranged into a compactly designed biomass-area and a machinery-area, where these areas are directly connected with each other by a separating wall. The compact design of the apparatus is a portable container design. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains iron oxide with average particle diameter of 0.1-2.0 mu m. The addition amount of iron oxide is 1-20 wt.% by dried material conversion, with respect to the carbon compound. The iron oxide is magnetite of formula: Fe1-xO.Fe2O3, where x is less than 0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The generator is engine type generator, micro gas turbine generator or fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pyrolysis oil vapor is condensed into a liquid pyrolysis oil and non-condensable off-gases produced in the pyrolysis of the biomass, where the off-gases are used as a fuel in the char combustor and as a fluidization medium in the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis oil upgrading catalyst particles are zeolites, alumina, transition metal catalysts and/or mesoporous materials. Preferred Components: The metal oxide sorbent includes a metal oxide supported on a substrate, where the metal oxide comprises copper oxide, manganese(III) oxide or cobalt oxide (all preferred), nickel oxide, iron(III) oxide and calcium sulfate. The substrate is alumina, silica, aluminosilica, titania and/or zirconia. The metal oxide sorbents further have metals incorporated in it, including nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, rhenium, and/or ruthenium. The heat energy carrier particles further include pyrolysis oil upgrading catalyst particles. The pyrolysis oil upgrading catalyst particles are zeolites, alumina, transition metal catalysts and mesoporous materials. The zeolite is H-ZSM-5, H-Y, H-mordenite, silicalite, and/or silica-alumina. The alumina is alpha -alumina and gamma -alumina. The transition metal catalyst is iron/chromium, chrome ore, and iron(III) oxide. The mesoporous material is aluminum-MCM-41 and copper/aluminum-MCM-41. The heat energy carrier particles further include pyrolysis oil upgrading catalyst particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The isomerization is performed in the presence of 0.1-3, (preferably 0.5-1.5) wt.% of the copper(II) compound. The hydrocarbon to be isomerized is a 4-18C hydrocarbon. The process isomerizes: methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane; and 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane, 1,3-dimethylcyclopentane or 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane to methylcyclohexane. The isomerization is performed at -20 to 150 degrees C, and at an absolute pressure of 1-10 bar. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of aluminum trichloride to Lewis base is 1-3, preferably 2-2.5. The Hammett function (Ho) for the superacidic ionic liquid comprising aluminum chloride is -16 to -20. The organic cation is: an ammonium ion, optionally 1-4C alkyl-substituted pyridinium ion or optionally 1-4C-alkyl-substituted imidazolium ion; and a trimethylammonium ion, triethylammonium ion, unsubstituted pyridinium ion or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion. The inorganic anion is Lewis acid (Al2Cl7) or Al2Cl6Br. The hydrocarbon to be isomerized is used at 1-90 wt.%. The copper (II) compound is a copper(II) salt, preferably copper chloride, copper oxide, copper sulfate, copper bromide or copper iodide. EXAMPLE - Trimethylammonium-Lewis acid (ionic liquid) (150 ml) was charged in a stirred vessel under argon, and the methylcyclopentane containing organic mixture to be isomerized was introduced into the vessel. Copper chloride (1.22 g) was added to the ionic liquid, and the reactants were heated at 60 degrees C. The reactants were transferred within 1-2 seconds into the vessel containing the ionic liquid while stirring, and worked up to give an isomerization of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH value of the souring process is adjusted to 5-6.5. The pH value of the methane fermentation process is adjusted to 6.5-8.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing nitrification process of the supernatant liquor separated into solid and liquid after the denitrification process. The nitrification process is performed by immobilizing carrier to nitrifying bacteria. The method involves adding portion of slurry with respect to the sludge. The separated sludge from the slurry after denitrification process has pH alkalinity of 7000-9000 mg calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/l. Preferred System: The digested-sludge storage tank further comprises nitrification treated water obtained from aerobic tank which is returned to the digested-sludge storage tank. The aerobic tank is filled with the above-mentioned immobilized carrier. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The biomass is wood-type biomass and/or agricultural-type residue. The wood-type biomass is black liquor of felling material, coppiced timber, lumber, wood chip, planar arrowroot, construction waste, wooden flask, lumber surplus material, lumber waste material, paper-making-plant waste material and sludge, city wooden waste material and/or garden tree and fruit tree pruned branch. The agricultural-type residue is dropping of livestock e.g. hen dropping, bagasse, fruit tree pruning residue and/or corn chaff.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The hydrogen gas-manufacturing device generates carbon dioxide with hydrogen gas. Preferred Component: The hydrogen gas-manufacturing device further has a carbonization furnace which heats and thermally decomposes biomass to generate hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The powder-form carbon is charcoal, coke, bamboo charcoal, anthracite, carbon black, graphite, silicon carbide, activated carbon, briquette, coconut husk charcoal and waste toner.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture-containing liquid contains water (50 wt.% or more). The moisture-containing liquid is liquid mixture of water and fermented ethanol, or liquid obtained by mixing and dissolving glycogen, water and fermented ethanol. The water is underground water, river water, lakes-and-marshes water, desalinated sea water, agricultural water, spring water, dam water, industrial water, tap water, soft water, condensed water, rain water and/or wastewater. The glycogen is sugar, sucrose, treacle, cane juice and/or refined sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) further comprises a carbon dioxide purge. The methanol and ethanol are separated by distillation. The process further comprises recycling a portion of the methanol directly to the step (b). The step (e) comprises catalytically converting the methanol to hydrogen and carbon monoxide and then separating the hydrogen from the carbon monoxide. The step (e) comprises a two-step methyl formate process to generate separate hydrogen and carbon monoxide streams. The process further comprises recovering a co-product consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether, methyl acetate, syngas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and electricity. Preferred Components: The syngas is derived from biomass. The input H2/CO ratio is 0.6-1.4, preferably 0.8-1.2. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is diluted hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low-carbon alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The pesticide drug is tebuconazole or difenoconazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon dioxide source is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The effervescent tablet comprises (wt.%) nano carrier pesticide (5-60), acid source (15-40), carbon dioxide source (15-40), wetting-dispersing agent (3-30), binder (0-10), disintegrating agent (0-10), and lubricant (0-10). The acid source is citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and/or malic acid. The wetting-dispersing agent is sodium lignosulfonate, modified methyl polyether micropowder, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyether micropowder, sodium tripolyphosphate, polycarboxylate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sulfonic acid polyformaldehyde condensate, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, sodium sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, ethylene oxide of fatty alcohol silyl ether, sodium pyrophosphate and/or potassium pyrophosphate. The binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or cane sugar. The disintegrating agent is sodium carboxymethyl starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, chitosan, sodium alginate and/or ammonium sulfate. The lubricant is magnesium stearate, talc powder, sodium lauryl sulfate, wheat starch and/or polyethylene glycol. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The emulsifying agent is pesticide emulsifier 0201, pesticide emulsifier 8201, pesticide emulsifier 8206, pesticide emulsifier 8205, pesticide emulsifier 656H, Sorpol 888 (RTM: emulsifying agent), Sinocol MBX (RTM: parathion emulsifier), TERMUL 5030 (RTM: oil in water emulsion emulsifier), TERMUL 200 (RTM: block polyether copolymer emulsifier), TERMUL 5500 (RTM: oil in water emulsion emulsifier), or TERMUL 1283 (RTM: oil in water emulsion emulsifier).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is toluene, dimethylbenzene, acetone, ethanol, or dimethyl formamide. The antifreezing agent is glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or urea. The thickening agent is xanthan gum or magnesium aluminum silicate. The defoaming agent is organosilicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The silver salt is dissolved in the methane or ethane solution. The halloysite nanotube is 75-100% of the silver salt. The restoration of silver ion loaded by halloysite nanotube comprises weighing halloysite nanotube which loads silver ion and reducing agent, regulating pH to 7.5-8.5 and reacting mixture; and separating and drying mixture to obtain halloysite nanotube germifuga. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride or sodium citrate (3-5% of halloysite nanotube). The method further includes modifying halloysite nanotube, 4-5 times washing product by isopropanol and/or methylbenzene, drying product in vacuum at below 50 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Chinese herbal medicine seed includes soapberry seed, Sophora alopecuroides seed, bead tree seed, Camptotheca acuminate seed and tung tree seed. The whole grass and Chinese herbal medicine leaf includes mixture of Anemone vitifolia, Polygonum hydropiper, sweet wormwood, rhubarb, Ginkgo leaf, Chinese ash leaf, thunder god vine leaf, Salix leaf, Macleaya cordata leaf and peach leaf. Oil cake is tea seed cake, vegetable seed cake, cottonseed cake, bean cake, peanut cake and sunflower seed cake. Water soluble antibiotic is ivermectin or abamectin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Antiparasitic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (a): the reaction temperature is 50-120 degrees C, preferably 60-80 degrees C, the solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, normal heptane, toluene or methyl tertiary butyl ether, and the chiral reagent is chiral amine, chiral amide or chiral amino acid, preferably chiral tert-butyl sulfite. In the step (b): the solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ether, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran, the reaction temperature is 20-80 degrees C, preferably 40-60 degrees C, the compound for alkalizing is sodium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, normal propyl alcohol, sodium isopropylate, sodium n-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, preferably sodium hydride, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide, and the 3-halo-propyne compound is 3-chloro-propyne or 3-bromo-propyne. In the step (c): the reaction temperature is 50-160 degrees C, preferably 50-80 degrees C, the solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, glycol, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran, the catalyst is palladium acetate, palladium chloride, palladium iodide or cuprous iodide, and the 1-halo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene compound is 1-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene or 1-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene. In the step (d): the solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, normal heptane, toluene or tetrahydrofuran, the reaction temperature is 0-100 degrees C, preferably 50-70 degrees C, and the reducing catalyst is palladium on carbon, platinum, nickel, ruthenium or rhodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The degradation is performed at 30 degrees C and pH is 8. The degradation process is performed in the culture medium comprising (in grams per liter) peptone (1.2), potassium dihydrogen phosphate. (4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (3), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2), trace element mother liquid (0.1 ml/l), and water (as solvent).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element mother liquid comprises boric acid (6), cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (4), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (2), manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate (0.6), sodium molybdate (0.6), nickel (II) chloride 6-hydrate (0.4) and copper (II) chloride dihydrate (0.2), and (as solvent).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The synthetic coal comprises (in wt.%) waste (35-40), original coal (15-20), coke slag dust(15-20) and slurry (15-20). The auxiliary material comprises an additive, a bonding agent, a deodorant and other auxiliary components (3-6). The original coal comprises waste particle which is utilized in the processing procedure. The coke slag dust is powder shape material by taking the residues of slag of produced coke as the raw material. The main component of auxiliary material comprises charcoal dust, graphite powder, carbon powder and carbon black. The main component of the binding agent comprises fine loose powder, water glass, industrially used maize starch and fiber. The weight of the auxiliary materials is 3-6%, the binding agent is not less than 1-1.5% and the deodorant is not greater than 0.5%. The remaining auxiliary materials are added by ratio with the weight computed by the remaining percent of binding agent and deodorant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The Bollgard (RTM: Insect-resistant cotton) leaves phosphate extract is diluted (1:(9-12)%) in water until the concentration is 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40 and 1:50 based on the density and the generation of Hyphantria cunea, and sprayed in the larva period before Hyphantria cunea becomes a moth. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfated vegetable oil is sulfated colleseed oil, sulfated soybean oil, sulfated cottonseed oil and sulfated sunflower seed oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mother solution of glyphosate is the remaining acidic mother solution of glyphosate obtained by preparing glyphosate with dialkyl phosphite ester method, and then separating out the crystal of glyphosate. The waste water is treated by at least one of the following steps before discharging: (a) recovering the waste water to prepare calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and (b) distilling the waste water and then dehydrating to recover the calcium chloride and then discharging the recovered waste water. The concentration of calcium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10-25 wt.%. The calcium hydroxide aqueous solution is added until the pH of mother solution of glyphosate is greater than or equal to 10.5 or 10.5-12. The absolute pressure of operating pressure of distillation tower is 0.1-1atm. The dehydrating agent is sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. The content of dehydrated triethylamine is less than 0.5%; the recovery rate of the triethylamine is more than 98.5%; the chemical oxygen demand of the discharged waste water is less than 500 mg/l, the total phosphorus is less than 1 mg/l and the ammonia nitrogen is less than 15 mg/l. The step (iii) and the step (iv) can be exchanged.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The 75% of corn cob is replaced by 40% or 50% of cotton seed shell and 25% or 35% of sawdust. Preferred Method: The step (iii) further comprises covering a layer of mulching film on the leaves.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, ammonium borate, urea, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Preferred Method: The natural fermentation comprises crushing the organic waste, spraying uniformly the nitrogen fertilizer solution on the organic waste, controlling the water content to 50-70 %, packing the waste to 1.2-2 m, packing material loosely in order to ventilate and breed the microorganism in the material, covering the film of paper in order to maintain the temperature and reduce water vaporization, turning the pack every 10 days, observing the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen, completing the natural fermentation when the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 20-50. The step for preparing modified chitosan (0.1-1 %) comprises dissolving modified chitosan (10 parts) into 1-3 % of acetic acid solution (200-2000 parts), adjusting to neutral using sodium hydroxide solution (10 %).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves inoculating P.aeruginosa, B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.coagulans, L.plantarum, B.pumilus and Nocardia (12-18%) into triangular flask. The method involves inoculating the precipitate (7-8%) to the decayed sludge. The method involves inoculating P.denitrificans, A.flavus, P.chrysosporium, and A.chroococcum (15-25%) into flask. The method involves inoculating the precipitate (7-8%) to the decayed sludge. The weight ratio of the sludge to regulating agent is 1:2. The method involves inoculating composition A (7-8%) to sludge. The ventilation rate is 0.5-1.5 m3/minute.m3. The method involves covering layer of composition B with thickness of 0.1 m on surface of the compost. Preferred Composition: The height of the compost is 1-1.2 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The explosion protection agent is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary heating agent is biscyclopentadienyl iron. The insect repellent is N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide or D-allethrin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion improver is sodium potassium nitrate. The pH regulator is sodium hydroxide. The catalyst is ferric sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Step (C) further includes adding smell regulator (preferably camphene and/or essence) to the reaction container; mutually stirring with accelerator, combustion improver, dispersant and catalyst for 30-45 minutes; and gradually heating to 45-50 degrees C until homogeneous. The method further includes adding antifreezing agent to the solution in step (F). Preferred Components: The main material is 60-85% crude methanol, 95-99.5% refine methanol, waste oil in chemical production industry, residual oil, recycled oil, maize oil, turpentine, light oil, naphtha, petroleum coke, and/or Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil. The auxiliary material comprises (%) diesel oil or kerosene (3-10), acetone (3-5), ammonia water (0.3-1), ethanol (3-5), and water or deionized water (10-30). The additive comprises (%) emulsifier (0.03-2); dispersant, preferably 2,6-di-tert-butyl, (0.03-2); heat-increasing agent, preferably sucrose or camphene, (0.1-2); combustion-proofing agent, preferably ferrocene, (0.03-0.1); accelerator, preferably urotropin, (0.1-0.3); combustion improver (0.3-1); pH regulator (0.03-1); catalyst (0.05-0.2); antifreezing agent, preferably propylene glycol, (0.5-3); and smell regulator, preferably mixture of sucrose and essence, (0.001-0.5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is Polysorbate 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) or Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate). The dispersant may be polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether containing 4 ethoxy groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The settling of the liquid in pre-sedimentation tank is performed for 12-48 hours. The liquid is centrifuged at a rotating speed of 800-1200 revolutions/minute (rpm).The flocculant is poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) or aluminum polychloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor is split membrane bioreactor. The membrane component is hollow fiber membrane or flat slab membrane. The aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic pond of the anaerobic/aerobic membrane bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Structure: The heat insulation layer is made up of laid heat insulation bricks formed by injecting sand air-entrapping concrete material. The length and width of heat insulation brick are multiples of 3 which comprise upper brick with upper and lower faces. The bricks are planes, quadrate column shaped brackets mounted on the lower plane of the upper brick and orderly distributed transversely and vertically at intervals, drain hole on the upper brick between the quadrate column shaped brackets, and drain channel. The bricks have total thickness of 5-12 cm. Preferred Components: The nutrient soil layer is prepared by mixing (in parts weight): excrement sludge from urban sewage treatment plant (40-60), sawdust (40-60) and zymophyte (0.2-0.5), stacking and fermenting the mixture to prepare an organic nutrient substrate, adding water to the mixture until the water content of the mixture reaches 45-55%, and stacking and fermenting the mixture for half day or one day. The zymophyte is prepared by mixing Bacillus or straw rotten bacteria or Saccharomycete with wheat bran in the mass ratio of 1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step of adding the enzyme involves diluting the enzyme using water (4-7 fold) before adding the enzyme, where the enzyme comprises one or more of amylase, pectinase, cellulose protease and protease. The fermenting agent (0.1-0.2 g/kg) is one or more of active dry yeast, alcohol yeast and chestnut alcohol yeast. The step of controlling temperature by stages and gas stripping fermentation, involves providing the gas from the bottom portion and side wall of the fermenting vessel, separating the gas and liquid in the gas and liquid separator, providing the obtained gas into fermenting tank, and subjecting the obtained liquid to rectifying step of the distillation process. The filtering process involves removing the crude residue of the unhydrolyzed cellulose in the fermentation. The distillation process involves two steps, where the first step is crude distillation and the second step is fine distillation. The method involves carrying out distillation until the ethanol content is 1 volume/volume%, providing the distillate into the fine distilling step, where the raw material for the second step of the fine distillation comprises crude distillate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) comprises: ketones (less than 10 wt.%), and aldehydes (less than 10 wt.%); hydrocarbons comprising benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene, indanes, indenes, and naphthalenes; and phenolics (at least 5 wt.%) and furans (at least 1 wt.%). (I) is derived from lignocellulosic biomass, less than 1% of the oxygen present in (I) is carbonyl oxygen and the total sulfur content of (I) is less than 25 ppmw. (I) is fully miscible with petroleum-derived gasoline. (I) has a copper corrosion test maximum value of No.1. (I) comprises oxygen-and-carbon-containing compounds, where the cumulative amount of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in (I) is at least 5 wt.%, the amount of the oxygen-and-carbon-containing compounds in (I) is at least 15 wt.%, and the oxygen-and-carbon-containing compounds are phenolics, furans, ketones, and/or aldehydes. Preferred Components: The aromatics account for at least 5 wt.% of the total hydrocarbons in (I) and single-ring aromatics account for at least 10 wt.% of the total aromatics in (I) and aromatics with more than one ring account for less than 10 wt.% of the total aromatics in (I). The aliphatics account for less than 25 wt.% of the total hydrocarbons in (I). The phenolics and furans account for at least 50 wt.% of the total of the oxygen-and-carbon-containing compounds in (I). The concentration of the oxygen-and-carbon-containing compounds which are non-phenolic and non-furan in (I) is less than 20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): cyclics/aromatics (comprising benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX) (16.94), other 1-ring aromatics (11.96), indanes/indenes (13.42), and naphthalenes (5.94)); and oxygenates (comprising ketones (0.39), phenols (43.40), and benzofurans (7.95)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the ecological composting device for organic household garbage, a deodorization tower is arranged between the left and right cover plate and is filled with the deodorization packaging; a water pump is arranged on the leachate fermentation tank and is equipped with a liquid pipe with a spray head; the liquid pipe is fixedly connected with the cover plate; the spray head is arranged on the lower part of the cover plate; the bottom plate is shaped like a slope featured with higher right and lower left; the leachate slot is arranged on the lowest of the bottom plate; a rubber sealing strip is arranged on the edges of the feeding door and the discharging door; and a liquid discharging valve is arranged on the leachate fermentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Manufacturing hydrogen containing water further comprises mixing an organic acid with the obtained aqueous dispersion, where the acidic colloid liquid of the phosphate in (a) mixes the at least one aqueous dispersion and phosphoric acid aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and magnesium oxide. Electrolysis in (c) is a performed by immersing a cathode and an anode in the dispersion liquid manufactured at (b). Electrolysis in (c) is performed until the oxidation-reduction potential of a cathode becomes less than -500 mV. The manufacturing method also comprises diluting hydrogen containing water obtained at (c) for 10 to 1000 times, and obtain hydrogen-containing drinking water comprising 0.05-0.3 mg/L hydrogen content. After diluting the dispersion liquid manufactured in (c) for 10 to 1000 times, water is electrolyzed again. Preferred Composition: The dispersion liquids in (b) comprises 0-5 g/L calcium content, 0-5 g/L magnesium content, and 0.1-5 g/L sum total content of calcium and magnesium. Hydrogen content of hydrogen-containing water is 0.1-1 mg/L. Preferred Components: Hydrogen-containing water is a material containing the colloid-like material to which the hydrogen molecule (H2) adsorb at the dispersoid. Dispersoid is colloid-like hydroxyapatite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (A) is processed in coalescer. The regular hole-plate corrugation filler is contained in coalescer. The filler comprises corrugation sheets which are pressed to corrugation and are arranged vertically. A hole is arranged on corrugation hole, when filler is filled in coalescer, channel formed on surface corrugation of corrugation sheet is 45 degrees correspondingly to axial direction, where 2 adjacent corrugation sheet channels form 90 degrees . The step (B) is processed in dissolved gas floating system. The dissolved gas floating system comprises gas floating basin and multi-phase flow pump. The operating method comprises releasing 0.4-0.6 MPa of dissolved gas to gas floating gas, decreasing pressure of dissolved gas to normal pressure instantly, and decreasing pressure; and pumping gas from gas floating basin liquid to form microbubble to float upwardly, absorbing suspension particle in sewage continuously in floating procedure, and taking suspension particle on water surface to remove. The strains obtained in step (C) are fed in anaerobic basin and aerobic basin. The semi-soft filled is contained in anaerobic basin and aerobic basin. The aperture of film of nano-filtering film used in step d is 5-7 nm except salts. The sand, bacterium and colloid mater, and virus are filtered.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: converting the oil to biodiesel; and introducing a nitrogen-fixing algae to the oil-producing algae to provide nitrogen as a nutrient. In the process, introducing the sugar feed further includes cultivating algae and extracting the sugar feed from them, where the sugar feed is the primary source of both carbon and energy in the heterotrophic growth stage. The heterotrophic growth stage is initiated using a stress induction mechanism, where the stress induction mechanism includes at least one of light deprivation, nutrient deprivation, injection of reactive oxygen source, a lipid trigger or chemical additives. The photoautotrophic growth stage and the heterotrophic growth stage overlap in time and are performed substantially simultaneously. Preferred Components: The oil-producing algae includes a member of diatoms (bacillariophytes), green algae (chlorophytes), blue green algae (cyanophytes), golden-brown algae (chrysophytes) and/or haptophytes, preferably Chlorella, Dunaliella (both preferred), Amphipleura, Amphora, Chaetoceros, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Hantzschia, Navicula, Nitzschia, Phaeodactylum, Thalassiosira, Ankistrodesmus, Botryococcus, Chlorococcum, Monoraphidium, Oocystis, Scenedesmus, Tetraselmis, Oscillatoria, Synechococcus and/or Boekelovia. The oil-producing algae is nitrogen-fixing algae, which is blue-green algae or cyanobacteria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further involves separately fermenting a portion of the sugar feed to form a CO2 product, alcohol and/or ethyl acetate (preferably alcohol and/or ethyl acetate, especially ethanol) is formed and at least a portion of it is utilized in converting the algal oil to biodiesel. The CO2 product is formed and is utilized in the step of converting the algal feed to the algal oil by introducing the algal feed to the oil-producing algae under growth conditions to encourage formation of algal oil within the oil-producing algae. The process further involves the step of burning algal residue and/or biomass residue from the steps of depolymerizing and extracting. The step of converting the algal oil to biodiesel involves transesterifying the algal oil including introducing a lipase enzyme for converting the algal oil to biodiesel or direct hydrogenation of the algal oil. The ethyl acetate is used during the step of transesterifying. The growth conditions to encourage formation of algal oil within the oil-producing algae include a system closed to the environment or a sequential autotrophic and heterotrophic growth stages, where the heterotrophic growth stage is initiated using a stress induction mechanism. The stress induction mechanism involves at least one of light deprivation, nutrient deprivation, injection of a reactive oxygen source, and chemical additives. Preferred Components: The algal feed includes sugars from the autotrophically grown algal biomass. The algal feed is formed by extracting sugars from a biomass using at least one of a cellulase, glycoproteinase, cellulosome, or virus. The algal biomass and the oil-producing algae include a common strain of algae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas is both hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen is generated at the cathode, and oxygen is generated at the anode. The cobalt cation is present in the aqueous solution adjacent to the anode at a concentration of 0.1-100 mM. The anions present in the aqueous solution adjacent the anode concentration is 0.01-2 M. The catalytic coating was positioned on the substrate by electrolytic film deposition of the catalytic coating on the substrate during an electrolysis reaction in which the substrate was positioned in an aqueous solution comprising cobalt cation and the selected anion. The cathode is generating hydrogen gas. The cathode is converting carbon dioxide to another carbon containing material (preferably methanol). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel contains 1 kg of starch, 1500-2500 cc of water, 2-4 kg of wood chip having thickness of 1-10 mm, width of 5-40 mm and length of 10-70 mm and 4-6 kg of sawdust. Preferred Process: The method further involves drying obtained molded product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The saccharification biomass contains fermentation inhibitor. The fermentation inhibitor is acetic acid or formic acid. The metabolizing enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway is chosen from transaldolase and transketolase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is herbaceous plant, which is selected from Lolium, Spartina, Panicum, Miscanthus, sugarcane, wheat straw, rice, rye, barley, oats, corn, elephant grass, switchgrass, wood, stem of banana or cactus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical agent is selected from ammonia, sulfur dioxide, water vapor or water. A catalyst is also used for processing plant biomass, where the catalyst is alkali-based AFEX or alkali-based AHFEX. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the garbage disposal device, one end of the water cooling condensing pipe is connected with a cold water inlet while the other end is connected with a radiating tower; a collecting sub-pipe is connected with a valve; a temperature control valve is connected between the reaction chamber and the combustion chamber; the collector is sealed and connected by an external wall sealing plate and comprises a carbon outlet, a storage chamber, a carbon collecting hole, a sliding groove, an outlet folding plate, and a vibrator; the sizes and shapes of the carbon collecting hole and an external hole of the reaction chamber are matched; the carbon collecting hole is connected with a locking bar and a control switch; the storage chamber is arranged at the lower end of the carbon collecting hole and interconnected with the carbon outlet; the carbon outlet is connected with the outlet folding plate; the vibrator is fixed on the upper end of the storage chamber; the lower end of the storage chamber is connected with the sliding groove; the lower part of the carbon collecting hole is connected with a flexible shaft; the carbon collecting hole is connected with a maintaining safety buckle; the upper end of the carbon collecting hole is connected with a pressure releasing hole; the upper end of the carbon collecting hole is connected with a carbon powder collector; and the inner part of the storage chamber is connected with an inner wall carbon sliding plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The operation temperature of the pyrolytic furnace is 300-700 degrees C, preferably 300-500 degrees C; and the operation pressure is not higher than 99 bar, preferably not higher than 45 bar. The operation pressure of the pyrolytic furnace is 1-5 bar lower than the operation pressure of the gasification furnace. Preferred Process: The synthetical gas having temperature lower than 90 degrees C after the solid and gas is separated, is fed into the pyrolytic furnace. The chilling medium is spouted in the region adjacent to the synthetical gas flow in the gasification furnace without the chilling unit. In the process for preparing solid, liquid and gas product from coal and biomass, the parts of the gas flow in the chilling unit is chilled; the oxygen, air, or steam is fed in the gasification furnace; the water and/or the final synthetical gas from the tar recovering unit is fed in the chilling unit to synthesize chilled gas flow; the parts of the synthetical air flow from the tar recovering unit is combusted, and then the combustion product is fed in the pyrolytic furnace to provide heat form the pyrolytic reaction; the chilling medium comprises synthetical gas, water, and/or carbon dioxide; the synthetical gas flow in the gasification furnace flows upwards or downwards in the gasification furnace; the granularity of the grinded coal or dried coal is dependent on the request of the gasification furnace; the coal liquification catalyst is added in the pyrolytic furnace directly to convert the tar into synthetical oil; the coal liquification catalyst is iron (II) sulfide with formula of FeS or FeS(1-x), where 1-x is equal to 0.7-0.9; and the high-temperature acid reaction catalyst for water gas reaction is added in the pyrolytic furnace and/or gasification furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium content of wastewater to be processed is 500-8000 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises screening the target waste gas degrading bacteria from waste gas biofilter; using inorganic salt culture medium to soak the padding in biofilter reactor; after 5 minutes, selecting the microbiological suspension; putting 100 ml of suspension into 250 ml conical flask; adding the target waste gas and acclimatizing; taking a sample and diluting; coating a flat plate on the beef extract peptone culture medium; culturing for 2 days at 28 degrees C, where colonial structure is smooth and flat, regular round, and semitransparent, the diameter is 4 mm, and purification condition of toluene comprises gaseous phase concentration of toluene of 3213 mg/m3; and culturing for 18 and 42 hours by the table concentrator at removal efficiency of 89.7 and 99.3%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic salt culture medium comprises 1.0 g ammonium chloride, 2.0 g monopotassium phosphate, 3.0 g dipotassium phosphate, 0.7 g magnesium sulfate, 0.05 mg calcium chloride, 0.5 mg ferrous sulfate, and 1 ml micro-metal trace solution. The micro-metal trace solution comprises 5.0 mg copper sulfate, 5.0 mg manganese chloride, and 10.0 mg zinc sulfate. It is added with water, set the volume at 1 L, and sterilized at high pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic solution comprises (mg/l) manganese sulfate (0.5), sodium chloride (1), ferric sulfate heptahydrate (100), cobalt sulfate (100), zinc sulfate (100), copper sulfate pentahydrate (10), aluminum potassium disulfate (10), boric acid (10) and sodium molybdenate (10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid culture medium comprises (g) ammonium chloride (0.44), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2), magnesium sulfate (0.05), calcium chloride (0.01), and Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) (1); and further comprises (ml) inorganic solution (1), vitamin solution (0.5), and twice distilled water. The vitamin solution comprises (g/l) biotin (2), folic acid (2), vitamin B1 (5), vitamin B2 (5), vitamin B6 (10), and nicotinic acid (5). The pyridine has a concentration of 10-90 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Livestock and poultry manures are excrement of pig, cattle, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose, horse and sheep. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Manure used in the fertilizer is also obtained from pig, bull, rabbit, chick, duck, goose, horse and sheep. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Animal manure is obtained from pig, cow, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose and house. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Livestock manure is obtained from pig, cow, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose, horse and sheep. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): organic fertilizer (50, preferably 32), urea (50, preferably 20), monopotassium phosphate (50, preferably 20), filler (10, preferably 5) and plant growth regulator (0.06, preferably 0.02). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises (in %): inorganic fertilizer (15-80), sex attractant (0.5-30), pesticide (5-20), organic substance (5-35) and auxiliary agent (1-15).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic fertilizer is chosen from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium borate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferric sulfate and ammonium molybdate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pesticide is chosen from methyl isofenphos, fonofos, phosphonate, cypermethrin, phoxim, avermectins and methylamino avermectins benzoate. The sex attractant is hexyl butyrate and/or hexaldehyde derivative. The organic substance is chosen from brown sugar, chicken manure, pepper powder, peanut cake or castor cake, rice bran, sodium humate, potassium humate, ammonium humate and amino acid. The auxiliary agent is chosen from alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl phosphate, nickel powder, saponin, laurinol, lignosulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Insect attractant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction solvent for preparing cinepazide is methyl isopropyl ketone. The reaction is carried out at 30-45 degrees C, preferably 40 degrees C. The weight ratio of 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamoyl chloride to 2-piperazino-1-pyrrolidino-ethanone is 1.2-1.6, during the preparation of the cinepazide. The post treatment of the cinepazide comprises extracting and separating out the crystals. The extracting phase is dichloromethane. The crystal-separating agent is butanone. Preferred Method: The maleate is obtained by mixing an ethanol solution of cinepazide and ethanol solution of maleic acid at 25-35 degrees C and separating out the product in cold conditions to obtain a highly-pure and stable product. The purity of the product in high-performance liquid chromatography is more than 99.8% and the melting point is 170-175 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation further comprises a step of recycling the organic solvent in the step (iv) by: washing the filter cakes by the organic solvent, adding the byproduct urotropine generated in a water recycling extraction process into the organic solvent, controlling the weight ratio of water to the organic solvent at 0.2:1-2:1, reusing the extracted organic solvent to wash the filter cakes and reusing the extracted water to extract the urotropine, concentrating and separating the urotropine after the concentration reaches saturation. The water removed by vacuum concentration is circulated to step (i) in step (ii). The vacuum concentration of the filtrate is executed at a pressure of -0.070 to -0.095 MPa and at 60-75 degrees C in step (ii). Preferred Components: The weight ratio of water to the organic solvent is 0.5-1:1 in the recycling process after the step (iv). The obtained raw glyphosate ammonium salt contains 98.5-99% of glyphosate ammonium salt with a glyphosate content of 89.5-90% and heating loss not greater than 1%. The ammonia in the step (ii) is ammonia gas, liquid ammonia or ammonia water with a mass concentration of 20-28%. The organic solvent used for washing is chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, where the weight ratio of the organic solvent to the filter cakes is 0.2-2:1 and the drying temperature is at 70-75 degrees C, in the step (iv). The weight ratio of the organic solvent to the filter cakes is 0.5-1:1. The drying device used in step (iv) is a biconical dryer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is initiator A, initiator C, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, and/or dicumyl peroxide. The oxidant is gamma -methylbutyl nitrate, 2-ethyl ester nitrate, nitromethane, nitroethane, and/or nitropropane. The friction reducer is oxidized bean oil, castor oil, colleseed oil, and/or tea seed oil. The activator is butyl lactate and/or Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The activator may be fluorocarbon surfactant, Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), and/or emulsion of fatty acid methyl ester. The cleaning agent is amino acid amide, polyisobutene amine, and/or polyetheramine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the content of formaldehyde in the diluted mother liquid is 2-8%, content of urotropin in the urotropin diluted solution is 2-5% and pH value of the urotropin is 8.8-10.8. The method further involves using the urotropin concentrated liquid as catalyst, introducing ammonia to the chloroacetic acid solution to perform ammoniation, and adding methanol to precipitate crystal in the mixture to obtain glycine. The film treatment involves pre-treatment, primary, secondary, third-level and four-level film treatments, where the pre-treatment, primary, secondary, third-level and four-level film treatment are performed at normal temperature. The temperature of the four-level film is 30-70 degrees C. The pre-processing pressure is 0.05-0.16 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The condensation reaction is carried out in a homogenous phase at room temperature for 2-15 hours. The preparation further comprises re-concentrating the filter liquid after condensing, filtering the liquid, obtaining a semi-condensed substance, and carrying out ketalization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Microbial enzymes and other additives are mixed with the slurry to obtain the mixture. The mixture is heated by heating device, which is fueled with kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Properties: The granularity of raw material is ( phi )0.02-( phi )6 mm, or ( phi )6-( phi )20 mm. Preferred Composition: The water ratio of dried wood pieces is 8-10%, 12-17%, or 6-8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The fermentation process is performed in presence of bacteria e.g. Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, C.butyricum, C.thermobutyricum, C.aciditolerans, C.acetobutylicum or C.thermoamylolyticum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of the fermentation medium is adjusted using an organic acid and a neutralizing base. Preferred Composition: The carboxylic acid obtained by fermentation, is propionic acid, valeric acid or caproic acid. The organic substrate is starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, glycerol, sorbitol, lactose, lactate or sugar, preferably sugar. The concentration of propionic acid is 1-80 g/L, preferably 3-20 g/L, during anodic decarboxylation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner and outer conductive plate windings are made of electrically conductive material such as 316L grade stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The biomass-derived purified gas is supplied to gas reforming/refining device, with natural gas, gas reforming and purification are carried out, and methanol is synthesized using the mixed gas. Preferred Arrangement: The methanol synthesis installation consists of installation (I) for biomass gasified gas, installation (II) for hydrogen-rich gas, and a hydrogen-rich off-gas supply line which sends the hydrogen-rich off gas (II) from installation (II) to side of installation (I). A carbon-rich off-gas supply line is provided for sending carbon-rich off gas (I) from installation (I) to side of installation (II). A hydrogen-rich gas supply line is provided for sending a portion of hydrogen-rich gas supplied to installation (II) to the purified-gas side. A carbon-rich gas supply line is provided for sending a portion of purified gas supplied to installation (I) to the hydrogen-rich gas side. Gas composition detector (I) is provided for detecting the gas composition of biomass gasified gas from the biomass gasifier. Gas composition detector (II) is provided for detecting the gas composition of hydrogen-rich gas from the gas reforming/refining device. The parameter is controlled based on the measured result of both detectors. Recycle line (II) is provided for sending hydrogen-lean off gas (32A) from the methanol synthesis installation to the biomass gasification gas-furnace side. The installation which synthesizes methanol is biomass-derived methanol synthesis installation, the individual installation of methanol synthesis installation derived from natural gas, or a combination of these installations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) comprises at least one of sedimentation, centrifugation, flocculation, filtration and/or hydro-cyclone separation. The step of sundering comprises at least one of membrane separation, evaporation and/or solvent extraction. The step (e) is carried out by treating with at least one of enzyme, acid, solid acid, or heat, followed by pH correction. The step (f) comprises centrifugation, membrane separation, sedimentation, filtration and/or solvent extraction. The separating of the permeate stream of step (h) comprises solvent extraction, distillation, crystallization and/or pervaporation. The process of producing improved wood fiber for product uses from non-food plant biomass further comprises processing the residue of step (d1): to produce a structural building material; into paper pulp; or into fuel pellets. Preferred Components: The monomeric and/or dimeric saccharides comprise 5- and 6-carbon sugars. The individual components comprise at least one of acetic acid, methanol, formic acid, and furfural, employing an enzyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microbial Strain: The strain has an activity for biodegrading naphthalene through expression of naphthalene-1,2-dioxygenase. The strain is isolated from tidal flat. Preferred Composition: The PAH contaminants comprise soil, fresh water, or seawater polluted with PAH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon comprises naphthalene, anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, coronene, corannulene, naphthacene, pentacene, phenanthrene, pyrene, triphenylene, or ovalene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganism comprises aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, nitrosobacteria or nitrobacterium microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The regulating pond is a concentric structure or a pre-embedded glass molten steel box. The dephosphorization medium comprises solid granule of steel slag, coal slag or powdery coal ash and cement.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: After the filling module (7) purifies the sewage, the pollutant in the sewage is absorbed, decomposed and converted into carbon dioxide and nitrogen by the microorganism on the filling module. The contact manner of filtered water and dephosphorization medium comprises ion exchange, or special absorption and complex-precipitation. The ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant are removed by decomposing. Preferred Component: The pollutant comprises chemical oxygen demand or ammonia nitrogen pollutant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Formulation: The Acidovorax preparation is a solid or liquid bacteria preparation. Preferred Conditions: In utilizing the Acidovorax for processing organic sewage with high concentration and difficult degradation, the pH value of organic sewage with high concentration and difficult degradation is 6.0-10.0; and the processing temperature is 20-40 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the phenol infectant in the organic sewage with high concentration and difficult degradation is less than or equal to 1200 mg/L; where the phenol infectant comprises phenol, methyl p-methyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, and/or 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol. The salt content in the organic sewage with high concentration and difficult degradation is less than or equal to 3.5%; and the mineralization is less than or equal to 35000 mg/L. The Acidovorax deposited under CGMCC No.3706, CGMCC No.3707, or CGMCC No.3708, which is added to the biological reactor, has addition ratio of 0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2. Preferred Process: The Acidovorax preparation is prepared by culturing Acidovorax deposited under CGMCC No.3706, CGMCC No.3707, or CGMCC No.3708 in the culture medium until the concentration is 108 to 109 cells/ml; where the addition quantity of the Acidovorax preparation in the biological reactor is 4-8% (v/v) of the sewage quantity in the biological reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the food steamer type multipurpose solid anaerobic fermentation device, the steam inlet is arranged on the sidewall of the bottom tank body; a sewage discharging opening is arranged on the bottom surface of the bottom tank body; the tank cover is arched; there are at least two middle tank body layers; a flow returning tube is arranged on the sidewall of the middle tank body; the sieve plate can be replaced by a grate; and a liquid or flexible sealing material is arranged in the annular groove.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The microorganism growing unit comprises microorganism fixing carrier which is a surface modified foam ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amino acid comprises 18 amino acids extracted from cotton seeds. The brown coal comprises weathered coal containing more than 55% of humic acid. The organic fertilizer comprises fermented and decomposed chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and straw. The bactericide comprises chlorothalonil, zineb, phoxim, or ferrous sulfate. The disinfectant comprises Dipterex (RTM: dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate), chlorine dioxide, or quintozene. The plant growth regulator comprises sodium nitrophenolate, naphthylacetic acid and gibberellin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The common auxiliary ingredients of agricultural preparations are added to the Asarum extract to obtain agricultural common preparation in conventional technology. The common preparation is in the form of wettable powder, miscible oil, suspension or emulsion. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The density of the polyurethane foam is 65 kg/m3. The algicidal culture medium is a Zobell 2216E culture medium of pH 7-7.2, comprising: peptone (5 g), yeast extract (1 g), ferric phosphate (0.1 g) and agar powder (10 g). The ageing seawater has a constant volume of 1 l. The Pseudoalteromonas sp.SP48 is accessed for processing shake culture, where the accessing amount is calculated according to 1% of the total amount of the algicidal culture medium. Preferred Method: The pelletizing comprises preparing the polyurethane foam as cubes, where the side length of the cube is 5 mm. The drying is processed in a drying oven at 70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The beneficial cluster of micro-organisms inoculated to the base fertilizer is a beneficial cluster of micro-organism manure fermented liquid. Preferred Method: The fermenting of the beneficial cluster of micro-organisms comprises: dissolving water (50 kg) and sugar (4 kg), adding 1000 ml of commercial beneficial cluster of microorganisms liquid agent and fermenting by placing the solution in a sealed container till a wine aroma is generated to obtain a fermented mother liquid, placing the organic fertilizer in a fermentation tank, spraying the mother liquid on the organic fertilizer and sealing by a cover to ferment until the organic fertilizer is decomposed. The preparation of the fermented liquid comprises mixing the human and livestock manure, water and the commercial beneficial cluster of micro-organisms liquid agent in a weight ratio of 1:20-30:0.1, fermenting to generate wine aroma to obtain the beneficial cluster microorganism liquid manure fermented liquid. During inoculation, the beneficial cluster microorganism manure fermented liquid is sprayed on the organic fertilizer, which permeates into the organic fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is human manure, livestock manure and/or green manure. The organic fertilizer is un-pelletized organic fertilizer useful for fermenting and decomposing the beneficial cluster microorganisms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen fuel cell is a proton exchange film hydrogen fuel cell, a phosphoric acid hydrogen fuel cell or an alkalinity hydrogen fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The waste water treatment comprises: mixing the poultry manure and waste water with the strains in the system and carrying out fast aerobic fermentation for 24 hours; carrying out fermentation of the waste at 50-60 degrees C for more than 3 hours by the microorganism and killing the harmful bacteria, pathogens and parasites and eliminating odor; converting the 100% manure into an efficient organic fertilizer in 24 hours with microorganisms and recycling. The organic and inorganic substances in the waste water discharged by the farm are decomposed in a harmless manner. The discharge of the waste water and waste substance discharged by the farm is reduced. The product is treated in an environment-friendly manner and is recycled to the agriculture as a fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cefotiam salt is chosen from cefotiam hydrochloride, cefotiam acetate, cefotiam sulfate, cefotiam citrate and cefotiam tartrate. The carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The mixed solvent is one of water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether and their mixtures. The volume ratio of the water, methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether and isopropyl ether is 1:(0-20):(0-20):(0-20):(0-20):(0-20). The volume ratio of the water, acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether and isopropyl ether is 1:(0-10):(0-10):(0-10):(0-10). The volume ratio of the water, acetone and dichloromethane is 1:(0-5):(0-5). The volume ratio of water and dichloromethane is 1:(0.2-5). Preferred Method: The esterifying process involves using N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide as reaction solvent, and is performed at -5 to 10 degrees C for 20 minutes or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 40 nitrogen containing compounds such as N-methylethanolamine, N-ethlyethanolamine, N- propyl ethanolamine, N- butylethanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolammine, N-methyldiethanol amine, N- ethyldiethanolamine, isopropanol amine, diisopropanol, triisopropanol amine, N- methylisopropanolamine, N- ethylisopropanolamine, N- propylisopropanolamine, are claimed.The organic solvent is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The solid fragrant agent comprises (in %mass): fragrance (0.75-1.5, preferably 0.75), solid glue (0.5-1.5, preferably 0.5), solubilizer (8-10, preferably 8), preservative (0.4-0.6, preferably 0.4) and distilled water (90.35). The fragrance comprises (in wt.%): lavender oil (22-26, preferably 22), rosemary oil (11.35-13.4, preferably 11.35), Eucalyptus oil (5-7, preferably 5), thyme oil (3-4, preferably 3), peppermint oil (12-14, preferably 12), spearmint oil (4-5, preferably 4), anise oil (10-12.50, preferably 10), healthy oil (4-5, preferably 4), clove oil (3), lemon oil (12), bay leaf oil (2), benzeneacetaldehyde (1-1.40, preferably 1.40), geraniol oil (2), daphne seed oil (1), cinnamon oil (0.2-0.5, preferably 0.2) and antioxidant (1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solubilizer is 12-13C alkyl polyoxyethylene ether. The solid glue is modified cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The organic nutritive medium is prepared by (a) weighing the above-cited raw materials, and mixing the raw materials uniformly, (b) stacking the mixture into fermentation piles of 1-1.5 m height and 1-2 m width, allowing spacing between the piles to 30-50 cm, making air ventilating holes with diameter of 1-3 cm, and fermenting the piles at 75-80 degrees C, and (c) turning the piles once every 2.5-3.5 days for 4-6 times, and fermenting the piles for 14-16 days to obtain the product. The zymophyte is prepared by mixing Bacillus, straw decomposing bacteria or Saccharomycetes with wheat bran in the weight ratio of 1:100, adding water to the mixture to adjust moisture content of the mixture to 45-55% and fermenting the mixture for half a day or one day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alkaline substance is chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium carbonate. The reducing agent is sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide, sodium sulfite and/or sodium hydrogen sulfite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is alcohol and/or ketone. Ketone is acetone. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol or propanol. The ester is chosen from ethylether and methyl t-butyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amino acid is chosen from arginine, proline, serine, alanine, threonine, isoleucine and glycine in the ratio of 20:2:3:2:2:1:1. The microorganism is Saccharomycetes, Actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, or bacteria capable of removing phosphorus and potassium in the ratio of 10-15:10-15:5-10:5-10:10-20. The fertilizer (10-20 ml) comprises 0.2 billion effective bacteria and water (30-40%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nutrient is chosen from nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and microelement fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer is chosen from ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and other fertilizer. The phosphorus fertilizer is chosen from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and other fertilizer. The potassium fertilizer is chosen from potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and other fertilizer. The microelement fertilizer is chosen from sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, iron and molybdenum fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic nutrient is chosen from cane sugar, monosodium glutamate waste solution, fish essence protein fermenting solution and shrimp skin protein broth. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mole ratio of the diphenyl ether and the bromoacetyl bromide is 1:0.9-1.1. The mole ratio of the diphenyl ether and the bromoacetyl bromide is 1:0.5. The solvent is trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, or preferably dichloromethane. The mole ratio of the bromoketone and the propylene glycol is 1:2-4, preferably 1:3. The dosage of the p-toluenesulfonic acid is 1-2% of the bromoketone weight. The mole ratio of the bromination ketal and triazole sodium is 1:2-4 (preferably 1:3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The bacteria is chosen from lignin degrading bacteria including one or more of Aspergillus, blue mold, Bacillus and ground mold and fiber degrading bacteria includes one or more of mold, Fibrobacter, Actinomyces and Neurospora.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The grain size of the milled garden waste has 50-80 mesh size. The nutrient liquid comprises (in wt.%): manganese sulfate (0.5), zinc sulfate (0.1), copper sulfate (0.1), ferrous (0.1) and water. The pH value of the nutrient liquid is 4.5-6. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biomass fuel is injected to purifying tower for cooling. The cooled biomass fuel is injected to aqueous phenol evaporator. Fuel from outlet of the aqueous phenol evaporator is injected to electrical tar precipitator and cooling tower in proper order to obtain purified fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises (i) preparing a mixed solution of lanthanum, nickel, strontium and an adjuvant, which is iron oxide, manganese oxide or chromium oxide; (ii) preparing glycine solution, where the molar ratio of glycine and the sum of charges of metal cations of lanthanum, nickel, strontium and the adjuvant is 1:1-1.2; (iii) mixing the solution prepared in the step (i) with the glycine solution, stirring for 10 hours at 70-75 degrees C, gradually transforming the solution into a colloid, and transferring to a vacuum drying tank to drying for 12 hours at 80 degrees C and 10 kPa; (iv) transferring the dried colloid to a ceramic crucible, placing in a muffle furnace, heating to 350 degrees C at a speed of 5 degrees C per minute and baking the obtained product for 3-5 hours at 600-700 degrees C. Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises (in wt.%) lanthanum sesquioxide (60-70, preferably 57.6), nickel oxide (23-32, preferably 29.7), strontium oxide (0-13, preferably 9.2) and the adjuvant, which is iron oxide (preferred), manganese oxide or chromium oxide (1.5-10, preferably 3.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substance which can react with water to generate hydrogen comprises alkali metal elements, magnesium, or aluminum; a mixture of potassium hydroxide and aluminum; and/or a mixture of potassium and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The auxiliary materials are sawdust or straws in initial stage, and the sawdust or straws are added at ratio of sawdust or straws to dehydrated sludge of 1:1. Preferred Method: Ventilation to dry the materials is conducted for 4-8 days at air volume of 0.05-0.1 m3/(m3.minute). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation substrate is chosen from bagasse, straw and wood. The fermentation substrate is obtained by uniformly mixing bagasse and straw in the weight ratio of 4:1-5:1. The weight ratio of the fermentation substrate to fermentation liquid is 52:21-13:4, preferably 5:2-3:4. The straw is chosen from rice straw, corn straw and peanut straw. The fermentation liquid comprises (in wt.%): nitrogen (2-4), sugar (3-5) and starch (7-8). The water content of the bagasse is 20-30%. The cellulose content of the bagasse is 48.2-55.6%. Preferred Method: The method involves crushing the straw and mixing the crushed straw with the bagasse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light rare earth is rare earth nitrate (41% or less), lanthanum (26.8 parts weight or more), cerium (50.74 parts weight or less), praseodymium (5.14 parts weight) and neodymium (15.40 parts weight or more).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biological liquid comprises (in parts weight): light rare earth elements (15-25, preferably 18), amino acid (35-45, preferably 40), soil sterilizing agent (3-4, preferably 3), soil disinfecting agent (3-4, preferably 3), disease resisting medicine (8-12, preferably 10), boric acid (1-1.5, preferably 1), zinc sulfate (2-2.5, preferably 2), sodium benzoate (1-1.5, preferably 1) and water (12-18, preferably 14). The content of the amino acid is 42% or more, and the purity of the boric acid is 99.5 or more. The disease resistant medicine is resistant medicine 1 and resistant medicine 2. The soil sterilizing agent is thiophanate, nematicide, or mixture of hymexazol, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and dichloroethylene salicylamide. ACTIVITY - Antipyretic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nutrients comprise at least one selected from urea and/or ammonium phosphate and/or at least one selected from in the form of dissolved zinc chloride, molybdenum chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and others.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The microorganism is chosen from Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, B.megaterium, B.amyloliquefaciens, B.licheniformis and P.putida. Preferred Method: The method involves adding liquid or powder culture of microorganism to the paint booth circulating water. The liquid culture comprises microorganism proliferated in liquid medium of glucose aqueous solution containing nitrogen and phosphorus. The solid culture comprises microorganism proliferated in solid medium containing wheat bran or rice bran and/or waste product from maize distillation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The standing time is 10-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initial concentration of the phenol in the wastewater is less than 400 mg/L. The concentration of the dirhamnolipid is less than 210 mg/L. The concentration of the laccase is less than 1.15 units/mL. The critical rubber concentration of the dirhamnolipid is 70 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The filler module comprises polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The G.bicolor is obtained directly from cottage. The collected G.bicolor seedlings are transplanted to artificial wetland packed bed under normal condition, obtained plants are stabilized for 15 days under normal condition, and the plants are watered periodically. The wetland packed bed comprises gravel layer, coarse sand layer and soil layer, and water arranging tube, which is arranged on the bottom of the packed bed. The gravel layer is 5 cm in thickness and 2-5 cm in diameter, and is arranged above the water arranging tube. The coarse sand layer is 10 cm in thickness, and is arranged above the gravel layer. The soil layer is 10 cm in thickness, and is arranged above the coarse sand layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbonaceous material is provided in slurry form. When the method involves steam hydrogasification reaction (SHR) without a shift reactor, then the method further involves removing impurities from the product gas. The steam used to react with CO in the shift reactor is obtained only from the SHR. The process is carried out at 700-1000 degrees C. The composition of the product gas from steam hydrogasification reaction can be controlled by varying the steam to carbon and the H2 to carbon ratio of the feed. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises a shift reactor that produces hydrogen that can be recycled back to the hydrogasification reactor; and a gas clean-up unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrotalcite is of formula: ((X2+1-nY3+n(OH)2) power b+)(A power c-b/c)mH2O, where X is magnesium, calcium zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt, strontium, barium, copper, lithium, sodium, and iron, y is aluminum, indium, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, lanthanum and cerium, A is ozone, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, hydroxy, chromium, iodine, silicon oxide, metaphosphoric acid, manganese oxide, gallium oxide, vanadium oxide, perchlorate or borate, n is 0.2-0.33, and b and c are 1, 2 or 3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The raw material is derived from rape oil, rape seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, jatropha oil, tall oil, lard and/or fish tallow oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The microbial organic fertilizer is also comprised of fish maw, soybean meal and ground coffee. Preferred Condition: Mosquitoes are isolated from the ground at the time of pilling the mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sheep manure is crushed to maximum granularity of less than 0.5 cm in diameter, before mixing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The algae biomass is freshwater lake algae, large algae and/or microalgae of ocean algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or sodium oxide. The acid solution is sulfuric acid, acetic acid and/or formic acid solution. The catalyst is obtained by soaking natural mordenite in 0.2-3 mol/L of R(NO3)x solution, sintering the soaked natural mordenite at 500-800 degrees C for 2 hours, and obtaining the modified natural mordenite catalyst RM.R=Fe, Ni, Co, Ce, Cu, Zn or Mn;andx=2 or 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Method: In step (B), the potato slag and/or wastewater are added with the filtering assisting absorption material 1 or 2 (0.5-10 wt.%), and stirred for 10-30 minutes after mixing, and filtered. Preferred Component: The crop straw in step (A) is straw of maize, wheat, Codonopsis pilosula or Angelica sinensis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous mineral which can be taken as feed additive in step (A) is attapulgite or diatomite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the dehydrating step, 0.04-0.06% of flocculant is added into the filter in an amount of 0.4-0.6% by weight of the sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in %): animal manure (85), crop straw (15), and fermenting bacterium (2 kg). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic hydrocarbon is degraded 9C aromatic hydrocarbon, or degraded 9C aromatic hydrocarbon removed with colloid. The 4-5C olefin is 4-5C olefin removed form colloid, and 4-5C alkane is 4-5C alkane removed with colloid. Preferred Method: The preparation of methanol etherifying liquor, comprises mixing and heating methanol and 4C and/or 5C, allowing it to enter into an etherifying reactor filled with etherifying catalyst of XY-15M type, carrying out etherifying reaction at 100-200 degrees C and cooling. The catalyst of XY-15M type is produced by Lanzhou Xinyou Petrochemical Limited Company, the liquid phase volume airspeed of the methanol is 0.1-2 per hour, the molar ratio of methanol and the monoolefin contained in 4C and/or 5C is 1:0.8-1.2, and the reaction pressure is normal pressure to 1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The addition of the solid super strong acid catalyst is 0.001 of the total amount of the pre-treated swill-cooked dirty oil and methanol in the step (b). The addition of water is 35-45% of the mass of the pretreated swill-cooked dirty oil in the step (c). The water addition and reduced pressure distillation of the step (c) comprises heating to 120 degrees C at the vacuum degree of 0.09 MPa, and removing low-boiling-point matters and residual acid by steam stripping for 1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Refining the oil phase includes washing by water and distilling. The water phase is distilled for recycling the organic matter. Distilling the water phase is carried out at 100-180 degrees C. The residue is settled for layering to obtain water phase including alcohol with high boiling point and oil phase including fatty acid and fatty acid methyl ester. Preferred Component: The biodiesel is a biodiesel intermediate product obtained by processing ester exchanging between fat and alcohol without separating glycerol, or a coarse biodiesel with acid value out of limit obtained by separating glycerol or removing colloid by distilling. The deacidification agent comprises (mass %) water-soluble alcohol (0 or 10-90, preferably 0 or 30-70), water-soluble amine (1-15, preferably 3-8), and water. The water-soluble alcohol is 1-5C saturated alkanol. The water-soluble alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbierite, and/or pentaerythritol. The volume ratio of the deacidification agent and biodiesel is 10:1-1:50, preferably 1:2.5-10. The distilled matter is a water solution including alcohol with low boiling point and water-soluble amine. The residue mainly includes organic acid and fatty acid methyl ester. The residue further includes alcohol with high boiling point and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general method for preparation of the catalyst is given. Preferred Components: The composite metal of platinum/iridium and nickel is an alloy, intermetallic compound, or solid solution of platinum/ iridium and nickel. The composite metal of platinum/iridium and nickel contains 0.1-99 mol% of platinum. The composite metal of iridium and nickel contains 0.1-39 mol% of iridium. EXAMPLE - NiCl26H2O (0.043 g), H2IrCl6 (0.008 g), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 95%) (0.1 g), and water (2.5 ml) were placed in 30 ml two-necked flask, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred for 5 minutes. The mixture was then heated for 5 minutes at 50 degrees C and returned to room temperature. NaBH4 (0.020 g) aqueous solution (1.5 ml) was subsequently added and the reactor was vigorously shaken for 5 minutes, to form Ni0.90Ir0.10 nanoparticle catalyst. Hydrazine monohydrate (99%) (0.1 ml) was added into the flask, and stirring was continued at room temperature. Released gases were passed through a trap containing 1 M hydrochloric acid, where ammonia was absorbed; subsequently, only hydrogen and nitrogen were introduced into a gas burette, and the amount of the released gases was measured. After 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 minutes from the beginning of stirring, 3 ml, 7 ml, 13 ml, 29.5 ml, 45 ml, 62 ml, 90 ml, 119 ml, 130 ml, 139 ml, 145 ml, and 146 ml, respectively, of released gases were observed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The size of the pellet is 0-12 mm at an optimum size for a respective poultry. The salt is added to the pellet in an amount of 5-25% of sodium percarbonate or 1-10% of disodium monohydrogen phosphate. Preferred Method: The introduction of the salt takes place during the production of the pellet. The loaded pellet is blown in stables with compressed air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The protein is prepared by standard recombinant method. ACTIVITY - Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed are deoxynivalenol degradation enzyme protein comprising 426 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. 2); and its encoding gene comprising 1281 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas is: hydrogen that is generated at the cathode; and oxygen that is generated at the anode. The cobalt cation is present in the aqueous solution adjacent the anode at 0.1-100 mM. The fluoride anion is present in the aqueous solution adjacent the anode at 0.1-2 M. The fluorine in the catalyst is present as fluoride. The substrate comprises a tin oxide. The aqueous solution adjacent the anode has a pH of 3-7. Preferred Method: In the method, a catalyst comprising cobalt, oxygen and fluorine is deposited on the anode, simultaneously with the generation of the hydrogen. The catalytic coating is positioned on the substrate by electrolytic film deposition of the catalytic coating on the substrate during the electrolysis reaction in which the substrate is positioned in the aqueous solution comprising cobalt cation and fluoride anion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The amount of organic nitrogen is 0.001-1 wt.%. The weight ratio of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen is 1:30-10:1. Preferred Component: The organic nitrogen is derived from protein-like substance. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring growth rate using carrot, liquid manure exhibited growth rate of 58.4 mg/stump.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Body: The body (B1) further comprises corundum (less than 15 wt.%); spinel (less than 5 wt.%); and mullite. The body (B1) comprises magnesium oxide (less than 5 wt.%); silica (greater than 65 wt.%); lithium oxide (2.5 wt.%); and alumina (greater than 18 wt.%). The body (B1) has a median pore size of less than 20 mu m. The body (B1) comprises a principal crystalline phase of beta-spodumene and a minor cordierite crystalline phase constituting 2-40 wt.% of the body (B1). The beta-spodumene and cordierite phases together constitute greater than 90 wt.% of the body (B1). The body (B1) comprises beta-spodumene (greater than 50, preferably greater than 70) wt.% and cordierite (less than 40, preferably less than 30) wt.%. Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the lithia source is selected from spodumene and/or petalite. The magnesia source is selected from magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and/or talc. The plasticized batch mixture further comprises a pore forming agent. The inorganic batch ingredients comprise alpha -spodumene (at least 40 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device (D1) comprises a close-coupled engine exhaust converter incorporating the body (B1); gasoline engine particulates exhaust filter comprising the body (B1); and a NOx integrated engine exhaust filter comprising the body (B1). EXAMPLE - A porous ceramic body comprising (wt.%): talc (21.12), boehmite (3), calcined alumina (17.03), silica (13.15), magnesium hydroxide (1.55), sieved alpha -spodumene (44.16), cordierite seed (1), yttrium oxide (0.5), graphite (20), methyl cellulose (6), starch (20), polyalpha olefin oil (4.6), tall oil (0.6), water (25), lithium oxide (2.19), magnesium oxide (7), alumina (25.2) and silica (65.6) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the solar reclamation device of organic waste resource, the front end of the reaction tank is set with a feeding port; the rear end is set with a discharging port; the feeding port is also set with a port for feeding microorganism; the interlaid tank wall of the reaction tank close to the feeding port is set with an electric heating plate; the constant temperature hot water supply tank is connected to an air source hot pump machine set for keeping water temperature; a temperature sensor is arranged in the reaction tank; an automatic monitoring circuit is connected outside the reaction tank; the reaction tank is horizontal cylinder structure; a stirrer is arranged in the reaction tank; the stirrer is of screw propeller structure; the reaction tank is of vertical cylinder structure; a stirrer is arranged for mixing and stirring; and the stirrer of the reaction tank is driven by the reduction gear rotation device to rotate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the energy-saving efficient methane fermentation warming system, the heat exchanger (5) is arranged indoors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the dry anaerobic fermenting reaction device automatically shifting precipitated material, the stirring mechanism are constituted by electric motors, speed changing devices, stirring shafts, and stirring vanes; where the electric motor is connected with the stirring shaft through the speed changing device; the stirring shaft is set with multiple sets of stirring vanes; the stirring shaft is located on two sides of a tank body of the reaction device; each set of the stirring mechanisms are mutually independent and respectively controlled by the electric motor; the spacing distance between the adjacent stirring shafts is slightly shorter than the rotating radius of two sets of the stirring vanes; the wing parts of the two sets of the stirring vanes are slightly staggered to form a rotating overlapped zone; and each electric motor runs synchronously. The material discharging device has two material outlets, where one is located on the upper end of the fermentation tank below a material liquid level, and the other one is located on the lower end; where both the two material outlets are set with a suction-type material discharging device located on a raising position of the last stirring vane; the inner side of the material discharging device is set with a slope to make the precipitated material flow into the discharging device along the slope in accordance with the push of the last stirring vane; and a spiral material discharger is arranged below the inner side of the material discharging device to help to discharge precipitated residues. In the dry anaerobic fermenting reaction device, the conveying pump is a screw pump or a piston pump; the heating and heat preserving device is arranged on the bottom side, the wall side, and the top side of the reaction device; and the heating and heat preserving device is an embedded heat exchange pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves reacting a feedstock exiting the metal apparatus with a hydro-treating catalyst in a reaction zone under a condition sufficient to produce a reaction product containing fuel range hydrocarbons. The fuel range hydrocarbons are diesel boiling range hydrocarbons, where the condition includes a pressure of less than or equal to 2000 psig and a temperature of 260-430 degrees C. The feedstock further comprises a hydrocarbon boiling in the temperature range of 25-760 degrees C. Preferred Apparatus: The metal apparatus is a heat exchanger or feed or storage tank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bottom of the foundation pit and enclosure are made of clay brick or stone. The filler layer is composed of a large particle stone layer whose thickness is 30-50 cm and diameter is 5-80 mm, a middle particle stone layer whose thickness is 30-40 cm and diameter is 20-40 mm, a rice stone layer whose thickness is 20-40 cm and diameter is 5-10 mm, a large sand layer whose thickness is 20-30 cm and diameter is 0.5-2 mm, a rice stone layer whose thickness is 10-20 cm and diameter is 5-10 mm, and a surface soil layer whose thickness is 10-30 cm and diameter is 2-50 mm. The filler layer is composed of a small particle stone layer whose thickness is 30-50 cm and diameter is 10-20 mm, a fine small particle stone layer whose thickness is 30-50 cm and diameter is 5-10 mm, a furnace slag layer whose thickness is 5-15 cm and diameter is 5-20 mm, a large sand layer whose thickness is 30-50 cm and diameter is 0.5-2 mm, a rice stone layer whose thickness is 20-40 cm and diameter is 5-10 mm, and a surface soil layer whose thickness is 10-30 cm and diameter is 2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises recovering a stream enriched in second compound and depleted in third compound in the outlet of the main adsorber. The main adsorber follows a pressure cycle of which the adsorption time is less than 30 seconds preferably 2-15 seconds. The main adsorber follows a pressure cycle comprising an adsorption phase of duration of less than 5 seconds and a regeneration phase in which the waste gas is withdrawn from the main adsorber, and the process comprises recycling a variable part of the residue gas at the main adsorber feeding side. Preferred Components: The first compound is at least partially arrested by an adsorption unit or a permeation membrane placed upstream of the main adsorber. The second compound is hydrogen or carbon dioxide. The second compound is of hydrogen, the third compound is carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen, and the process comprises recovering at the outlet of the main adsorber a hydrogen enriched stream and depleted in third compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The adsorption unit is a guard bed having renewable charge, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) unit, a PSA unit having an adsorption time greater than 15 seconds, or PSA unit comprising a contactor having parallel passages, combined with a guard bed. The adsorption unit is regenerated or permeation membrane eluted by a stream obtained from the main adsorber or by a stream outside the main adsorber. The main adsorber comprises at least two contactors in serial parallel passages.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and accelerating agent; then adding iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) for 2-3 times, where each interval is 15-40 minutes. Preferred Component: The accelerating agent is copper salt, copper powder, manganate, manganese powder or ferrous powder. It is added at 0.05-5 mg/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flocculating agent is polymeric aluminum, polyacrylamide, polymeric aluminum ferrous or polyferric sulfate. It is added at 0.001-0.012, preferably 0.005 g/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Substrates of the bed bodies of the tide flow artificial wetland nitrifying system and the horizontal underflow artificial wetland denitrifying system comprises gravel, zeolite, and/or ceramsite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water in the dissolved product is removed using anhydrous sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, silica powder or clay powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is hexane, diethyl ether, dichloroether, methanol or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of prinivil via membrane separation technique, comprises desalting and concentrating the feed liquid comprising prinivil via nanofiltration membrane for 2-8 times at 0.5-2 MPa and temperature of 10-45 degrees C, distilling at reduced pressure to obtain concentrated solution, cooling, and crystallizing to obtain the prinivil. The process of desalting and concentration for 2-8 times is that, the concentrated solution is diluted by water after each time of desalting and concentration. Preferred Components: The cuticular layer of the nanofiltration membrane is polypiperazine amide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, chitosan and/or cellulose, or the cuticular layer of the nanofiltration membrane is aromatic polyamide, sulfonated polysulfone or sulfonated polyether sulfone, and the cut-off molecular weight of the nanofiltration membrane is 200-300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass further comprises bagasse. The sulfur-fixing agent is quick lime. The biomass adhesive is slightly yellow viscous substance obtained by using 1-2% of sodium hydroxide solution to treat the bagasse. The oxidant comprising hydrogen peroxide is potassium permanganate. The waterproof agent is tar. The biomass briquette comprises (in parts by wt.) poor quality anthracite powder (40-65), biomass (25-55) and additive (5-10) comprising sulfur-containing agent (2-5), biomass adhesive (2-5), oxidant (1-5) and waterproof agent (1-3). Preferred Method: The preparation of biomass briquette comprises crushing bagasse to less than or equal to 3 mm, uniformly mixing poor quality anthracite powder and bagasse to obtain mixture A, uniformly mixing sulfur-fixing agent, biomass adhesive, oxidant and waterproof agent to obtain mixture B, then adding water to the mixture B and mixture A, and uniformly mixing and using the die to press the mixture to shape in a wet manner, and naturally curing the product at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw is rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-treated raw material oil has water content of less than 1%, and the acid value of 130 plus minus 10 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The molar ratio between the raw material oil and the methanol in the step (i) is 6:1, the temperature of the reaction is 60 degrees C, the concentration of the added concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, and the negative pressure value in the kettle is 0.098 Mpa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The microwave extracting power is 1-10 kw. The extracting temperature is 40-50 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous resin is AB-8, NAK-11, ADS-7 or SPD100. The ultra-filtering film is a hollow compound film with a cut-off molecular weight of 3000-10000. The nano-filtering film is a hollow compound film with a cut-off molecular weight of 100. The inlet pressure of the nano-filtering film is controlled to 0.4-0.8 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The entrainer is 5% of the total extraction solvent. The supercritical extraction pressure is 20 MPa and the temperature is 45 degrees C. The carbon dioxide flow is 2 ml/g of crude drug per minute. The carbon dioxide supercritical extraction time is 150 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyamide is nylon 6 and nylon 66.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner surface of hydrogen generator is plated with metal or metal alloy selected from the group consisting of nickel, silver, gold, palladium, rhodium, platinum, iron, Inconel (RTM: austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloys), copper, brass, bronze, or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Biomass nanometer gasoline liquid fuel comprises (in wt.%): biomass alcohol (30-85), gasoline (10-40) and combustion-supporting additive (6-30). Preferred Components: The biomass alcohol is methanol, ethanol or furfuryl alcohol. The gasoline is national standard No.90 gasoline, national standard No.93 gasoline or national standard No.97 gasoline. The combustion-supporting additive comprises cosolvent, combustion-supporting catalyst and anti-swelling preservative. The cosolvent includes petroleum ether, isopropyl ether, ethyl ether, n-butyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol, isobutanol, ethanol, butanone, acetone and dimethylbenzene. The combustion-supporting catalyst includes methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dicyclopentadienyl iron and isooctyl ester nitrate. The anti-swelling preservative is aminoalkyl phosphonate or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Biomass liquid fuel comprises wastewater (5-25 wt.%). Preferred Components: The wastewater is domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Biomass liquid fuel comprises (in wt.%): biomass alcohol (50-85) and additive (10-35). Preferred Components: The biomass alcohol is methanol, ethanol or furfuryl alcohol. The additive is a mixture of cosolvent, combustion-supporting catalyst and anti-swelling antiseptic. The cosolvent is petroleum ether, isopropyl ether, ether, n-butanol, n-octanol, isobutanol, ethanol, acetone, butanone or dimethylbenzene. The combustion-supporting catalyst is methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ferrocene or isobutyl nitrate. The anti-swelling antiseptic is amino alkyl phosphate or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Biomass fuel combustion-supporting additive comprises (in wt.%): biomass alcohol (50-75), n-octane (5-35), cosolvent (3-10), combustion-supporting catalyst (1.5-3) and emulsifying agent (1-2). Preferred Components: The biomass alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or furfuryl alcohol. The cosolvent is petroleum ether, isopropyl ether, diethyl ether, n-butyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, butanone, acetone or dimethylbenzene. The combustion-supporting catalyst comprises methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ferrocene and isooctyl nitrate. The emulsifying agent is emulsifying agent S-20 or emulsifying agent T-80. Preferred Method: The biomass fuel combustion-supporting additive is prepared by mixing biomass alcohol with n-octane to obtain a mixture. The cosolvent, combustion-supporting catalyst and emulsifying agent are added into the mixture to obtain a mixed material. The mixed material is stirred continuously. Particles of the mixture are prepared by using nano technology. The particles are dissolved, melted and mixed uniformly to obtain finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid acid is potassium bisulfate or metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid organic alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, mixture of propanediol and methanol, mixture of glycerol and methanol, mixture of propanediol and ethanol, or mixture of glycerol and ethanol. The volume ratio of trinitrotoluene to methanol, ethanol or propanol is 0.1-5:100. The volume ratio of trinitrotoluene, propanediol and methanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of trinitrotoluene, glycerol and methanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of trinitrotoluene, propanediol and ethanol is 5-15:100:100. The volume ratio of trinitrotoluene, glycerol and ethanol is 5-15:100:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves obtaining monomer of amyloid- beta polypeptide by gene recombination method. The reaction process is performed for 24 hours. Preferred Protein: The oligomer is in the shape of sphere having particle diameter of 100 nm or less under transmission electron microscope and molecular weight of the oligomer is 16-40 kDa. ACTIVITY - Neuroprotective; Nootropic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The molar ratio of 6-APA, hydrobromic acid and sodium nitrite is 1:1-1.5:1-1.5. The solvent containing water and ethanol (30-70 vol.%) is used in step (A). The compound (B) is extracted by organic solvent e.g. dichloromethane or chloroform, and washed by water. The compound (C) is dissolved in organic solvent and polycondensed at (-20)-5 degrees C for 3-20 hours. The obtained compound (D) is washed by water and sodium bicarbonate, distilled to recover organic solvent, crystallized by adding toluene and centrifuged. The compound (D) reacts with ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride under the action of zinc powder at (-10)-15 degrees C for 0.5-5.0 hours in solvent of water and tetrahydrofuran or solvent of ethyl acetate and water to obtain compound (A). The molar ratio of compound (B), molybdenum acetylacetonate and hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.01-1:1.0-2. The pH value in step (B) is adjusted to 1.5-3.0 by acid selected from hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 30-50 wt.%. The molar ratio of compound (C), DCC, dichloromethane and DMAP is 1:1-2:10-1.1:0.01-0.05. The molar ratio of compound (D), zinc powder and ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride is 1:1.5-3:3-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The culture solution comprises (in %): yeast powder (0.5-1), protein powder (1-5), sodium chloride (1-2) and water. The solid fermentation culture medium comprises (in parts weight): manure powder (32-40, preferably 35), potassium mineral powder (15-20, preferably 18), zeolite powder (12-20, preferably 16), humic acid (8-15, preferably 12), rice husk powder (8-15, preferably 10), shell powder (4-8, preferably 6), bone powder (0.6-0.81, preferably 0.7), rice bran (10-18, preferably 16), soybean powder (10-18, preferably 16), protein powder (0.6-0.8, preferably 0.7), yeast powder (0.3-0.4, preferably 0.35) and sodium chloride (0.3-0.45, preferably 0.4). The particle size of the manure powder is 40-60 meshes, potassium mineral powder is 100-120 meshes, zeolite powder is 100-120 meshes, humic acid is 60-80 meshes, rice hull powder is 40-60 meshes, shell powder is 80-100 meshes, rice bran is 60-100 meshes, and soybean powder is 60-80 meshes. The method involves uniformly mixing 9.2-9.4 parts of solid material and 0.6-0.8 part of bacterial liquid. The aerobic fermentation is carried out by expansion cylinder fermentation, stack, groove or static gas-filling process. The method involves mixing 96-97% of organic bacterial fertilizer and 3-4% of trace element and stirring the obtained mixture uniformly. The trace element is one of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, chromium, selenium, molybdenum and cobalt or their combinations. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The organic biomass in whole or in part comprises sewage slurry and the reaction product is a mixture of finished carbonized biomass and unfinished carbonized biomass. Preferred Method: The liquid coal slurry is produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. The liquid coal slurry is a sewage slurry, which is treated by hydrothermal carbonization. An acidic pH range is adjusted during the hydrothermal carbonization and pollutants from the biomass slurry is transferred and separated into the reaction water. The organic biomass is continuously added to a reaction vessel for the hydrothermal carbonization, the reaction product is removed continuously from the reaction vessel and added to further treatment steps after the fermentation. The reaction mixture during the hydrothermal carbonization is stirred and/or mixed by a suitable device. The nutrients from the biomass slurry are transferred and recovered during the hydrothermal carbonization into the reaction water and is used as a soil additive. The separation and recovery are carried out by ultrafiltration or precipitation reaction. The waste heat generated during the hydrothermal carbonization is used for supporting the subsequent fermentation process. The content of carbon in the prepared soil additive is determined and registered by a means and thus the total amount of carbon is determined by the soil additive recovered in the soil. The volatile fraction of carbon produced in the coal slurry by hydrothermal carbonization is reduced biologically, chemically, physically and/or thermally before mixing with the soil, preferably before the dehydration of the coal slurry. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide has decarbonylase activity. The isolated polypeptide is chosen from amino acid sequence comprising one of 8 (116) amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 105, 106, 107, 108, 151, 152, 153, and 154) all fully defined in the specification. The amino acid residues of the polypeptide binds to one or more metal ions, preferably iron. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism comprises exogenous control sequence which is stably incorporated with genomic DNA of the microorganism in upstream of the nucleic acid sequence. The microorganism produces an increased level of the hydrocarbon when compared to a wild-type microorganism. The microorganism further comprises a substrate for the polypeptide, preferably fatty acid derivative. Preferred Cell: The host cell is chosen from mammalian cell, plant cell, insect cell, yeast cell, fungus cell, filamentous fungal cell and bacterial cell. The hydrocarbon is secreted by the host cell. Preferred Method: The method further involves culturing the host cell in presence of at least one substrate for the polypeptide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon compound consists of colloidal silica, polydimethylsiloxane, alkoxysilane and/or chlorosilane, and further consists of tetraethylorthosilicate, tetramethylorthosilicate, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane, octyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetramethyl silicate, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, aminoalkoxysilane, silicontetrachloride, trichlor (dichloromethyl)silane, trichloro(hexyl)silane, trichloro(isobutyl)silane, trichloro(octadecyl)silane, trichlorooctylsilane, trichloro(phenethyl)silane, trichloro(phenyl)silane, trichloro(propyl)silane, trichloro(methyl)silane, trichloro(chloromethyl)silane, dichloro(dimethyl)silane and/or isobutyl(trimethoxy)silane. The phosphate platelets are alpha -zirconium phosphate. The Keggin-type heteropoly acid consists of silicotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid, molybdophosphoric acid, tangstophosphoric acid, vanadium-substituted 12-molybdophosphoric acid and vanadium-substituted tungstophosphoric acid, and heteropoly acids (H5SiVMo11O40, H6SiV2Mo10O40, H7SiV3Mo9O40, (VO)(1.5)PMo12O40, (VO)(1.5)PW12O40, (TiO)(1.5)PMo12O40, H(VO)PMo12O40, H(VO)PW12O40, H6PV3Mo9O40, H6PV3Mo9O40, H4PV2Mo11O40, H4PVW11O40, RhPMo12O40, BiPMo12O40, HCrPVMo11O40 and HBiPVMo11O40).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous base material consists of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin, Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene)-based resin, cellulose-based resin and nylon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant origin materials comprise agricultural biomass, peat, wood and/or charcoal. The wood comprises hard wood (preferably oak, beech, ash, maple, teak, mahogany or cherry) and/or torrefied wood. The agricultural biomass comprises straw or hay, cereal milling byproducts and husks. The starch-based binding agent is selected from starch, meal and/or flour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises palmitic acid and/or stearic acid (at least 80 wt.%), and/or their alcohols or esters. Preferred Process: The components (b) and (c) are provided to the mixing step already as a mixture or blend. Preferred Components: The composition containing fatty acids and/or analogues is of non-oil renewable origin. The saturated fatty acids are selected from palmitic acid and stearic acid, and/or their alcohols or esters. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic biomass comprises whole or partially sewage sludge and/or a reaction product of a mixture of a finished carbonated biomass and an unfinished carbonized biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The liquid coal sludge is produced by a hydrothermal carbonization of the biomass or treated sewage sludge. The reaction mixture is stirred and/or mixed by a device during the hydrothermal carbonization. An acidic pH is adjusted during the hydrothermal carbonization, and the contaminants are transferred and separated from the biomass sludge into reaction water. The nutrients from the biomass sludge is transferred into reaction water during the hydrothermal carbonization, recovered and used as the soil additive. The separation and recovery steps are carried out by precipitation or ultrafiltration reaction. The waste heat generated during the hydrothermal carbonization is provided to support a subsequent fermentation process. Preferred Components: The content of carbon in the produced soil additive is determined and recorded by a device (6), and thus the total amount of the soil additive is determined by carbon spilled into the soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In step (i), the straw is wheat straw, halm straw, corn stalk, tuber crop, oil plants, cotton, sugarcane, leaf or sawdust, the dimension and the size are required in such a way that the straw can be fed in the steam explosion reactor, and it does not need to crush the straw into powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A piston pressurizing steam explosion reactor comprises a tank body, a discharge hole, a steam inlet and a inlet opening are formed on the tank body. Valves are respectively arranged at the steam inlet and the discharge hole; a pressurizing piston is arranged in the tank body, and the inlet opening is adjacent to the pressurizing piston in the initial position.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each layer of heating coil is connected with a heat-conducting oil control valve and a heat-conducting oil thermometer for controlling heat-conducting oil to go in and out. The heating coil is connected with a vapor control valve and a pressure meter, and a steam trap for draining vapor. Preferred Method: The method comprises starting heat-conducting oil control valve to heat the materials in each layer of heating plate, adjusting opening degree of the vapor control valve based on liquid temperature of lower layer heating plate to keep values of the technical liquid thermometers be in graded distribution from 64-120?Oc, or starting the vapor control valve to heat the materials in each layer of heating plate, adjusting opening degree of the vapor control valve based on liquid temperature of lower layer heating plate to keep values of the technical liquid thermometers be in graded distribution from 64-120?Oc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filtering net is connected to the bottom of the medium, and the mesh of the filter net has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the medium particle. The middle part of the wetland brick is a vertically penetrated direct-flow hole, the side surface of the wetland is formed with three laminar flow holes penetrating in parallel, and the diameters of the direct-flow hole and the laminar flow holes are greater than the diameter of the medium particle. The three laminar flow holes of the adjacent wetland bricks on the horizontal plane are symmetric, and the direct flow holes of the adjacent wetland bricks on the vertical direction are connected.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfite, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride or benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide. The molar ratio of the 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one and bis(trimethylsilyl)amine is 1:2.5-5, preferably 1:2.6. The molar ratio of 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one and the phase transfer catalyst is 1:0.01-0.1. Preferred Method: In step (i): 10-25 ml of methylbenzene is added to every 1 g of the 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one, and is carried out by introducing nitrogen. The alcoholysis under the alkaline environment is carried out by using methanol solution of sodium hydroxide. The method further comprises a step of purifying azacitidine by N-methylpyrrolidone and cyclohexane, where 5-20 ml each of the N-methylpyrrolidone and the cyclohexane are added for every 1 g of the azacitidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves cultivating B.subtilis BHf3-4 with phenol in nutritious meat soup culture medium, cultivating Bacillus JhqK9-1 with cyanogens in nutritious meat soup culture medium, cultivating Klebsiella oxytoca JhqM8 with cyanogens and without sugar in nutritious meat soup culture medium, where the nutritious meat soup culture medium with phenol contains (in g): beef extract (5), peptone (10), sodium chloride (NaCl) (5), phenol (50) and distilled water, and pH of the medium is 7.2-7.4, where the nutritious meat soup culture medium with cyanogens contains (in g) beef extract (5), peptone (10), NaCl (5), potassium cyanide (KCN) (200) and distilled water, and each liter of the nutritious meat soup culture medium with cyanogens and without sugar contains peptone (5), K2PHO4 (1), MgSO4.7H2O (0.5), 1% Bengal red water solution (3.3 ml), 1% streptomycin (3 ml), KCN (100 mg) and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component of biomass comprises rice straw, rice hull, wheat straw, corn straw, core cob, and/or fast-generated wood. The molded granularity is 50-200 mm. The temperature of the smoke is more than 900 degrees C, the dust content in the smoke is lower than 10 g/Nm3, and the pyrolysis temperature is 450-600 degrees C. The pyrolyzed product is biomass carbon, pyrolyzed gas, wood tar and wood acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent oil comprises 120# solvent oil and 200# solvent oil. The 3-8C monohydric alcohol is chosen from n-amyl alcohol, tert-butanol, n-butanol, isopropanol and isoamylol. The methanol, solvent oil, national standard gasoline and additive are placed in container, mixed uniformly for 3 minutes and filled in pot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (C) is hydroxylamine, N-methyl hydroxyl amine and/or N-ethyl hydroxyl amine. The organic solvent is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves crystallizing the crude product using methanol, alcohol or acetone, and filtering and drying the obtained crystal. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coal-water slurry additive comprises a mixture containing methylene naphthalenesulfonate (70%), ethyl propyl sulfate (20%) and maleate (10%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic chemical compound is composed of vegetable oil, which is extracted from crops e.g. sunflower, soybean, castor bean, corn, palm oil etc. Citric acid powder, dye, essences and mineral oil or synthetic oil (silicone oil) are also utilized during processing of the excreta. Binder e.g. starch, acrylate compound or acetate compound, is mixed with briquettes excreta. The fertilizer product contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and phosphates. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The defoaming agent is alcohol, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, mineral oil, oxystearin, dimethyl polysiloxane, silicon dioxide, sorbitan monostearate and/or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mixture of rice bran and bran contains rice bran and bran in mass ratio of 7:3. Preferred Method: The fermentation of the S.cerevisiae AS1.2414 involves culturing the S.cerevisiae AS1.2414 and fermenting the mixture. The fermentation of the S.cerevisiae AS1.1854 involves culturing the S.cerevisiae AS1.1854 and fermenting the mixture under anaerobic conditions. The fermentation of the R.palustris AS1.2349 involves culturing the R.palustris AS1.2349 and fermenting the mixture. The method involves inoculating microorganism into culture medium contained in Kolle flask, and culturing the microorganism at 30 degrees C for 24 hours, where the culture medium comprises Saccharomyces or yeast powder (0.8-1.2), peptone (2-2.5), glucose or cane sugar (2-3), and agar (1.8-2.3), and pH of the culture medium is 6. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (A): the forming step is performed by one of extrusion, compression molding, plunger molding, or die forming; the composition of biomass materials are in a dry or wet condition upon entering the forming step; the processing is performed at lower temperatures such that an endothermic reaction of the biomass materials and adhesive results; the adhesive is added in the forming step; adding at least one of a silicate, a viscosity agent, a preservative, or a BTU additive to the composition of biomass materials. The method (A) further comprises partitioning the extruded composite biomass into individual pieces after forming, where the individual pieces are compatible with existing processing plants including combustion, power generation, gasification, ethanol, digestion, or steam generation plants. In the method (B): the forming step is performed by a plunger, where the adhesive is added between wads of the plunger, or the adhesive is added at a plunger input and is configured to coat an exterior surface area of the composition of biomass materials at an exit die; or the forming step is performed by an extruder, where the adhesive is added at a throat or hopper portion of the extruder, or the adhesive is added in a die portion of the extruder and is configured to coat an exterior surface area of the composition of biomass materials. In the method (B): the starch is mixed with the biomass composition prior to forming, and the hydroxide is added during the forming; and steam is used as a processing aid during forming. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar flow rate of carbon atom contained in reducing agent with respect to carbon dioxide gas molar flow rate in waste gas is 0.4 or less. The reducing agent is fossil resource-type compound chosen from natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, ethane, light naphtha, raffinate, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and diethyl ether, or non-fossil resource-type organic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The interstitial metal hydride has been exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere, which is air. The interstitial metal hydride is oxidized. The catalyst is further comprised of at least one transition metal element including molybdenum, tungsten, iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum. The catalyst is further comprised of molybdenum and at least one transition metal element including cobalt and/or nickel. The interstitial metal hydride and the transition metal element are bound in a matrix comprised of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, and/or MCM-41. The catalyst further comprises a radio frequency or microwave absorber in thermal contact with the interstitial metal hydride. The interstitial metal hydride has been exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere prior to contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream. The transition metal element is in the sulfided metal condition. The hydrocarbon feed stream and interstitial metal hydride are further subjected to radio frequency energy or microwave frequency energy while under the reaction conditions. The hydrocarbon feed stream is a heavy hydrocarbon feed stream with an American Petroleum Institute gravity of less than 20 and a sulfur content of at least 1 wt.%. The hydrocarbon feed stream substantially consists of a biofuel. The catalyst further comprises a radio frequency or microwave absorber in thermal contact with the interstitial metal hydride. Preferred Process: The process reaction is carried out at 200-450 degrees C and 400-2500 psig. The contacting step is performed in the presence of a hydrogen-rich gas containing at least 50 mol.% hydrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The interstitial metal hydride has a hydrogen capacity of at least 0.50 wt.% hydrogen based on the weight of the interstitial metal hydride at 400 psig and 200 degrees C, and a hydrogen kinetics rate of at least 0.50 wt.% hydrogen/minute based on the weight of the interstitial metal hydride at 400 psig and 200 degrees C. The catalyst further comprises at least one transition metal element including molybdenum, tungsten, iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum. The transition metal element is molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, or nickel. The interstitial metal hydride and the transition metal element are bound in a matrix comprised of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, and/or MCM-41. The transition metal element is in the sulfided metal condition. The hydrocarbon feed stream is a heavy hydrocarbon feed stream with an American Petroleum Institute gravity of less than 20 and a sulfur content of at least 1 wt.%. Preferred Process: The process is carried out at 200-450 degrees C and 400-2500 psig. The contacting step is performed in the presence of a hydrogen-rich gas containing at least 50 mol.% hydrogen. The hydrocarbon feed stream and interstitial metal hydride are further subjected to radio frequency energy or microwave frequency energy while under the reaction conditions. Preferred Definitions:    A = Zr;    B1 = Ti or Hf;    T = V;    C = Mn or Fe; and    x, y = 0.2-0.6.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The wall is a longitudinal wall of the factory building. The two containers are arranged, which exhibit a common wall (4). The means for mixing includes a compressor, nozzles and an agitator (21), where all these are arranged at least in one container. The slope elements (5) are introduced at the bottom of the containers. The ground plan of the containers is quadratic. The filling level of the residue in the container is up to 10 m. The residue is sewage sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reducing gas is hydrogen (preferred), carbon monoxide, and/or natural gas. In the method, the pressure is 101-8274 (preferably 689-4137) kPa, and the time is 0.5-12 (preferably 1-3) hours. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Complex: In the bioenergetic complex, the digester has coil of biomass preheating, placed in geometric center of digester, that makes it possible to most effectively maintain necessary temperature of the process of anaerobic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The methane feed gas is at least one landfill gas, natural gas, enteric fermentation gas, gob gas, manure management gas, or wastewater treatment gas. The methane feed gas comprises methane (45-60%), carbon dioxide (20-40%), nitrogen (5-15%), oxygen (0.5-5%), and water vapor (0.1-3%). The feed gas is pre-treated prior to the first PSA stage to remove at least one volatile organic compound (VOCs), siloxanes, hydrogen sulfide, and water. The method utilizes an adsorbent such as zeolite, activated alumina, silica gel, or activated carbon. The first PSA stage adsorbent comprises a silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte mixture consist of water, sodium bicarbonate, bismuth subsalicylate and magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The first heat exchanger is positioned upstream of the first membrane. The system further comprises a second heat exchanger positioned downstream of the first membrane and upstream of the second membrane, where the second heat exchanger is adapted and configured to raise a temperature of non-permeate from the first membrane non-permeate port to at or slightly above the dewpoint of propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The exhaust gas contacting the manure feedstock is at an initial temperature of 1100-1600 degrees F. The manure feedstock initially comprises at least 50 wt.%, preferably 70 wt.% of moisture prior to drying in the dryer vessel. The re-moisturized manure feedstock is extruded through an extrusion pelletizer as part of the processing step. In the method of making fertilizer material, manure feedstock is extruded through an extrusion pelletizer as part of the processing step. The exhaust gases contacting the manure feedstock in the dryer vessel have a temperature of at least 700 degrees F. The combustion exhaust gases from the gas turbine are conveyed from the gas turbine to the dryer vessel without passing the combustion exhaust gases through an intermediate heat exchanger. The manure feedstock does not undergo substantial digestion before the manure feedstock is contacted by the combustion exhaust gases in the dryer vessel. Preferred Components: The soil builder-product comprises a moisture content of less than 15 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises molybdenum trioxide and secondary metal oxides including iron (III) oxide, cobalt (II) oxide, nickel (II) oxide, tin (II) oxide, tin (IV) oxide, antimony (III) oxide, tungsten trioxide, and lead (II) oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel source is diesel, kerosene, coal, bitumen, crude oil, crude oil distillate, light distillates, naphthas, gasoline, methane, propane, volatile organic carbons, vaporized gasoline, synthesis gas, dilution gas and/or mixture of dilution-synthesis gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The center part of rib of honeycomb component has alumina, cordierite, aluminum nitride, titanic acid aluminum or zeolite as compact substance ceramics with high dielectric constant and insulation. The inner surface of honeycomb gas channel has porous ceramics. The electrically-conductive component contains greater than or equal to 50 wt.% of tungsten or molybdenum. Preferred Process: The wash coat of part of inner surface of honeycomb gas channel is carried out at material of wash coating material containing gamma -alumina and/or zeolite. The oxidation catalyst is supported by material of wash coating material. The honeycomb channel is sealed with non-air permeable ceramic material as sealing materials. The nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is supported by part(s) of wall surface of honeycomb gas channel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agents are gasoline and alcohol as hydrocarbons, ammonia, urea or distillate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass of isoparaffin in component (C) is greater than or equal to 30 mass% with respect to hydrocarbon oil. The mass of component (A) is 0.1-3 mass% with respect to whole amount of skin cosmetics. The solid oil component is contained in component (C). The beta -amino acid derivative is chosen from ( beta )-alanyl-L-histidine, 3-(1'-piperidine)-propionic acid, beta -alanine amide, N-monomethyl- beta -alanine, N-cyclohexyl- beta -alanine, N-cyclohexylmethyl- beta -alanine, N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl-beta-alanine, N-cyclohexyl carbonyl- beta -alanine, N-(2'-pyridyl)- beta -alanine, N-nicotinoyl- beta -alanine, N-benzyloxycarbonyl- beta -alanine, N-benzyl- beta -alanine, N-benzenesulfonyl beta -alanine, N-benzoyl- beta -alanine, N-p-anisoyl- beta -alanine-(N-4'-methoxybenzoyl- beta -alanine), N-m-anisoyl- beta -alanine-(N-3'-methoxybenzoyl- beta -alanine), N-o-anisoyl- beta -alanine-(N-2'-methoxybenzoyl- beta -alanine), N-3',4',5'-trimethoxy benzoyl- beta -alanine and N-phenylacetyl- beta -alanine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen storage material is constituted of AmBn type material, where A is a stable hydride including alkaline metals or alkaline earth metal such as lithium, calcium or magnesium, transition metals or fourth fifth column as zirconium, titanium, or rare earth metals such as lanthanum, cerium, and B is an unstable hydride in standard conditions including transition metals such as chromium, cobalt, nickel or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The content of catalyst is 1 mol, preferably 1/100 times mol with respect to raw material and water is 2-5 mol. The calcium oxide is utilized as catalyst when the calcium oxide is baked at 500-850 degrees C. The reaction is carried out below boiling point at 50 degrees C. The alcohol is methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The artificial wetland comprises matrix, plants and microorganisms, with matrix comprising clay, crude sand, gravel, fine gravel, zeolite, crushed stone, ceramic chip and slag, and plants and microorganisms stick to the surface of the matrix to be grown.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises at least two of the above metal oxides. The catalyst system is zinc oxide-silicon dioxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-titanium dioxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-neodymium oxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-nickel oxide-europium oxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-ytterbium oxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-titanium dioxide-neodymium oxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-ytterbium oxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide-ytterbium oxide/zirconium oxide, zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide-neodymium oxide/zirconium oxide, or zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide-ytterbium oxide-neodymium oxide/zirconium oxide. The acid nature of the metal salt solution changes the surface of the zirconium oxide to a hydrous form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (b), the ratio of oil to alcohol used is less than 10, preferably less than 4 and the reaction mixture formed: has at least 10 wt.% of free fatty acids or at least 2 wt.% of water; is basic or acidic in nature; and becomes neutralized by the esterification reaction during step (d). The step (a) incorporates at least two metal oxides (zinc oxide and silicon dioxide) with the oxide support. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the synergistic device for applying wind power generation on methane tank, there is 1-8 wind power generators (2) installed on the methane tank (15); and the power of each wind power generator (2) is 1 W to 10 KW.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial colony is in light milky white and circular, the edge is neat, smooth and wetting, when the bacterial colony is observed by an electron microscope, the size is 0.6-0.8 or 1.9-2.1 mu m, flagella are present and no spore former exists, and when the thallus is observed by an electron microscope, the thallus is in shape of a slight thick Bacillus, Gram-negative and oxidase-positive. The degradation is carried out at 15-45 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C and at a pH of 4-10, preferably 7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13 bacterial colony: the thallus is Bacillus brevis without spore; the bacterial colony is in the shape of small pink circle, and features in plump figure, easy picking, and growth of lawn along lineation; oxidizing enzyme and catalase reaction are positive; arginine dehydrolase, nitrate reduction reaction, galactosidase reaction and indole reaction are all negative; starch and gelatin can not be hydrolyzed; and sugar fermentation and Gram bacterial stain is negative. Preferred Method: The degradation is carried out at: a pH of 5.5-10; 10-40 degrees C; and a chloride density of less than or equal to 1.36 M. The degradation is carried out in an inorganic salt culture medium, which is prepared from sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (4.5 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1 g), ammonium sulfate (1.8 g), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2 g), calcium chloride dihydrate (0.03 g) and microelement (1 ml). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium phosphate are used to regulate the pH to 7, and distilled water is added till 1 l. The microelement solution is prepared by adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (1 g), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (0.02 g), boric acid (0.014 g), manganese sulfate (0.1 g), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.1 g), sodium molybdate (0.02 g) and cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (0.02 g) into distilled water (1 l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the prefabricated methane tank, the methane tank box comprises an epoxy resin regeneration material (32) and a gasket (31) in the epoxy resin regeneration material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis is performed at 100-180 degrees C under 1-5 Kgf/cm2 for 20-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A downward pipe body uniformly distributed with the hole is mounted on the pipe wall of the aeration diffusion device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The grain diameter of the dried sludge granules in step (i) is 3-5 mm. The length of the straw agricultural waste pieces of step (ii) is 3-5 mm and the grain diameter of the combustible granule of step (iii) is 4-6 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper end of the water distributing vertical pipe is connected with the water inlet branch pipe while the lower end of it is sealed. The multiple water distributing vertical pipes are connected by a water distributing transverse pipe horizontally paved on the water distributing layer. The included angle of the water distributing vertical pipe and the ground plane is 45-90 degrees . The water inlet pipe is distributed to each water inlet branch pipe after entering the land processing system. Each water inlet branch pipe is connected with the corresponding water distributing vertical pipe. The water distributing vertical pipe is connected with a water distributing transverse pipe horizontally paved on the bottom part of the water distributing layer. The water collecting pipe branch pipe is connected with the water collecting head pipe, and the water collecting head pipe is discharged to a water outlet well after being collected to the water discharging pipe. The water collecting head pipe is equipped on the upper part of the biological filler and the water collecting layer close to the earth layer. The water collecting pipe branch pipes are connected by a water collecting transverse pipe paved to the biological filler and the water collecting layer. One end of the water collecting pipe branch pipe is connected with the water collecting head pipe while the other end is connected with the water collecting vertical pipe paved to the biological filler and the water collecting layer. The water distributing vertical pipe, the water distributing transverse pipe, the water collecting vertical pipe, the water collecting transverse pipe or the water collecting pipe branch pipe are equipped with holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum is straw spirit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water added into the tank is sanitary wastewater or river water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex microelement premix is a mixture of copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride and an antioxidant with zeolite powder. The grain size of the finished product is at most 30 meshes, and the coefficient of variation of the finished product is at most 7%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pig complex enzyme preparation is a mixture of not less than : 1500 U/g of an acidic protease, 13200 U/g of xylanase and 1000 U/g of cellulose with a carrier. The pig multi-vitamin premix is a mixture of vitamin A (54-64 million IU/kg), vitamin D (15-38 million IU/kg), vitamin K (318000-28000 mg/kg), and not less than of: in 8500 mg/kg vitamin E, 13000 mg/kg vitamin B1, 25500 mg/kg vitamin B2, 17500 mg/kg vitamin B6, 132000 mg/kg niacin, 66000 mg/kg calcium pantothenate, 8800 mg/kg folic acid, 220 mg/kg biotin and 180 mg/kg vitamin B12 with a carrier. ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae is Tetraselmis, Phaeodactylum, Nitzschia closterium, chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, different plastic algae, Synechocystis and/or Dunaliella.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lewis acid is iron (III) chloride, aluminum chloride, potassium alum and/or boron trifluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanol and/or amyl alcohol. The microemulsion assistant is n-amyl alcohol, oleic acid, or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The weight ratio of water and waste oil is 7:3. The reactor pressure is 30-400 bar and the reactor temperature is 400-600 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is nickel supported on alumina carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The pyrethroid pesticide is fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin or cyfluthrin. Preferred Method: 1x 107 Colony forming unit/ml of the degrading bacteria (50 ml) is applied to each square meter of farmland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I), comprises: (a) preparing nitrate solution of a metal and halogen compound solution of the metal according to the amount of a target product and mixing to obtain mixed solution; (b) adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid, where the molar ratio of the metal ion to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to citric acid is 1:1:2; (c) adjusting pH of the solution to 6 while stirring, evaporating below 80 degrees C to convert solution to gel; (d) roasting the gel to black powder, grinding, calcining for 10 hours below 900 degrees C; and (e) pressing to shape, roasting for 10 hours below 1100 degrees C and crushing. Preferred Components: (I) is of formula (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3- delta X sigma ). Preferred Definitions:    X = F or Cl;    A = Ba and Sr; and    B1 = Co and Fe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive comprises (in %): dimethyl carbonate (35-40), diispropylether (10-20), 2-ethylhexanol (10-15), oil acids (20-30) and barium petroleum sulfonate (1-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dosage of methanol is M20-M70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The safe energy-saving liquid fuel preferably comprises (in parts weight) methanol (1000), acetone (0.8-2.5), ethanol (2-4), camphor (0.5-1), ferrocene (0.01-0.125), potassium permanganate (0.002-0.003), white sugar (0.5-2), sodium chloride (0.5-3), solvent (5-10) and water (250-430).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is isolated from fermented willow extract. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture indicator comprises silica. The multiple terminal structures further comprises paper pulp and synthetic resin substrate. The substrate holds the moisture indicator (20-90 wt.%). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The phenol-type compound is 2,2'-methylene-bis(6-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol). The amine compound is N-phenyl-N'-secondary butyl-p-phenylenediamine or N-phenyl-N'-dimethylbutyl-p-phenylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In the process (M1): the step (a) is carried out at 720-4320 (preferably 1080-2520) MJ/t, and a pressure of 100-600 (preferably 200-400) kPa (1-6 (preferably 2-4) bars). The step (a) is carried out at a biomass consistency of 20-50%. The process further involves a chemical treatment prior to step (a) to produce and recover valuable bioproducts from the lignocellulosic biomass and to facilitate the separation of biomass in the subsequent fractionation process. The process further involves recovering and producing various value-added bioproducts from extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose, and sulfur-free high-quality lignin. The biomass has a particle size of 0.1-100 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The green organic fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): cow dung (50-70), poultry dung (10-20), pig dung (10-20), microbial inoculum (2-10) and sodium humate (10-15). Preferred Process: The green organic fertilizer is prepared by adding cow dung, poultry dung and pig dung with microbial inoculum, and then fermenting the mixture at 55-65 degrees C. The mixture is remixed again in every 3-4 days. The mixture is crushed after a week when the moisture in the mixture reaches 2-30%. Sodium humate is added to the mixture to prepare the active organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biofuel contains ester of 1-6C monohydroxyl alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol, and fatty acid (50-99.5 %mass) and ester of 1-7C carboxylic acid and 1-6C alcohol (0.1-50 %mass). The ester of 1-7C carboxylic acid and 1-6C alcohol is chosen from methyl acetate and ethyl acetate. The alcohol is 1-6C alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol. The biofuel is separated as a lipophilic fraction containing carboxylic acid ester. The biofuel containing solely fatty acid ester, ester of 1-7C carboxylic acid and 1-6C alcohol is distilled out of lipophilic fraction. The resulting products are added to a petrochemical fuel or heating oil at rate of 1-30 volume%. The lipid substrate is chosen from soy oil, canola oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, animal tallow, butter, expired butter, used frying fats or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The microbial host cell is prepared by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of pyruvate to acetolactate is acetolactate synthase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of acetolactate to 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate is acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate to alpha -ketoisovalerate is acetohydroxy acid dehydratase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of isobutyraldehyde to isobutanol is branched-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of alpha -ketoisovalerate to isobutyraldehyde is branched-chain alpha -keto acid decarboxylase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of alpha -ketoisovalerate to isobutyryl-CoA is branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of isobutyryl-CoA to isobutyraldehyde is acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of alpha -ketoisovalerate to valine is transaminase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of alpha -ketoisovalerate to valine is valine dehydrogenase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of valine to isobutylamine is valine decarboxylase. The polypeptide catalyzes a substrate to product conversion of isobutylamine to isobutyraldehyde is omega transaminase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The particle has size of less than 1 mm. The moisture ratio of biomass is less than 10 wt.%. The biomass is gasified at 700-900 degrees C. The amount of oxygen during gasification is less than 50%, preferably less than 40% or 30%. The biomass is in the form of pellets made from wood. The weight ratio of biomass and air is between 1:1.5 and 1:2. The organic liquid has boiling point of more than 100 degrees C, preferably more than 200 degrees C, at atmospheric pressure. The organic liquid is chosen from mineral oil, tall oil, tall oil middle distillate, tall oil middle distillate methyl ester, methyl ester of fatty acid, corn oil, rape seed oil, palm oil, soy oil and cotton seed oil, preferably methyl ester of fatty acid or mixture of methyl ester of fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes: applying pulsed electric fields having a magnitude (preferably optimized magnitude) greater than at least 1 kV/cm (preferably 20-30 kV/cm), where the magnitude is chosen to optimize lysing of the cell walls of the small aquatic plants, and an optimized pulsed width of 1-10 mu s, and the applied pulsed electric fields optimize energy consumption needed to lyse a desired percentage of the cells walls of the small aquatic plants; providing the continuous flow of slurry of small aquatic plants at a flow rate of at least 1 l/h (preferably 10-100000 l/h); measuring the flow rate of the slurry of small aquatic plants; adjusting the frequency of the pulsed electric fields in proportion to the measured flow rate; using the oil and lipids extracted from the small aquatic plants for the production of biofuel; and applying pulsed electric fields to the treatment zone to lyse cell walls of the small aquatic plants to also enhance extraction of other compounds, preferably at least one of eicosapentaenoic acid oil, docosahexaenoic acid oil, antioxidants, stabilizers, omega 3 oil, pigments, food colorings or food ingredients. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a hydrofinishing unit (204) for hydrofinishing the base oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises hydro finishing the base oil. The step of processing triglyceride further comprises an initial sub-step of hydrolyzing the triglycerides contained within the vegetable oil so as to yield free fatty acids. The oligomeric yield is enhanced by increasing concentration of unsaturated fatty acid components via fractional crystallization techniques. Preferred Components: The vegetable oil comprises at least one biologically-derived oils comprising canola, soy, rapeseed, palm, peanut, Jatropha, yellow grease, and/or algae. The oligomerized mixture comprises an oligomer component, where the oligomer component comprises at least 50 (preferably 70) wt.% dimer species. The catalytically oligomerizing step employs a catalyst comprising clays, aluminosilicates, and/or zeolites. The hydrotreating step utilizes a catalyst comprising nickel-molybdenum on a support comprising alumina or silicon dioxide-alumina. EXAMPLE - Canola oil was hydrotreated over nickel-molybdenum/aluminum oxide hydrotreating catalyst at 610 degrees F in a first reactor. Then passed to a second reactor containing platinum on SM-3 sieve isomerization catalyst at 700 degrees F and distillated to give the fraction boiling below 650 degrees F containing a paraffinic diesel and a fraction boiling above 650 degrees F containing primarily of oligomerized (primarily dimerized) species (gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis yielding a mass distribution centered around a 36C paraffin (alkane).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cetane improver is an alkyl nitrate ester which is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, isooctyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, isohexyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, dodecyl nitrate, diglycol nitrate and/or tetraglycol nitrate. The mineral oil comprises a hydrocracked or hydrotreated mineral oil. The fuel additive or the additive package is present at 500-5000 ppm by volume based on a total volume of the fuel. The volume ratio of the cetane improver to the mineral oil co-additive in the additive package is 10:1 to 20:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The predetermine pH is within 3-5 pH, and the predetermined temperature is within 70-122 degrees F (21-50 degrees C). The enzyme is xylanases.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inorganic material is removed from the drained liquid, and the extracted hemicellulose is removed by a separation process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The circulation system includes: a separation stage which removes hemicellulosic material from the liquid drainage flowing through the conduits, a heat transfer device which maintains a temperature of the pile at 70-122 degrees F (21-50 degrees C); a source of alkaline chemicals to be added to the drainage liquid flowing through the conduits, where the alkaline chemicals are added in an amount to maintain a pH of the pile at 3-5; and a filtration device which separates the drainage liquid from particles in the drainage liquid flowing from the drainage channel. The liquid discharge device includes many spray nozzles arranged above the pile. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The membrane filtration is applied to achieve the removal of particulate matter from the spent process stream in removing step. The membrane filtration involves microfiltration, ultrafiltration and/or nanofiltration. The electrodialysis is applied to achieve the removal of particulate matter from the spent process stream in removing step. The reverse osmosis is applied to achieve the separation of the liquids present in the spent process stream of a biomass pretreatment process. The membrane dehydration is applied to achieve the separation of the liquids present in the spent process stream of a biomass pretreatment process. The membrane dehydration is carried out with a non-condensable gas. The membrane used to carry out the membrane filtration is a flat sheet, tubular, or a hollow fiber shape. The membrane used to carry out the reverse osmosis is a flat sheet, tubular, or a hollow fiber shape. The membrane used to carry out the membrane dehydration is a flat sheet, tubular, or a hollow fiber shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-condensable gas comprises helium, nitrogen, or argon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Enzyme: The polypeptide capable of catalyzing substrate to product in step (a) is acetolactate synthase, step (b) is acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, step (c) is acetohydroxy acid dehydratase, step (e) is branched-chain alcohol dehydrogenase, step (d) is branched-chain alpha -keto acid decarboxylase, step (f) is branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, step (g) is acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, step (h) is transaminase or valine dehydrogenase, step (i) is valine decarboxylase, and step (j) is omega -transaminase. Preferred Cell: The host cell is a facultative anaerobe. Preferred Components: The fermentable carbon substrate is chosen from monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The carbon substrate is chosen from glucose, sucrose and fructose. Preferred Method: The isobutanol is produced under anaerobic condition or microaerobic condition. The host cell is contacted with the carbon substrate in a minimal medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The engineered Cyanobacterium further comprises a recombinant thioesterase, deletion or knock-out of an endogenous gene encoding a long-chain-fatty-acid acyl-carrier-protein ligase. Preferred Components: The alcohol is exogenously added alcohol chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol and isoamyl alcohol, preferably butanol, ethanol or methanol. The esters comprise hexadecanoic acid ester and octadecanoic acid ester. The amount of hexadecanoic acid ester produced is 1.5 and 10 fold greater than the amount of octadecanoic acid ester. The engineered Cyanobacterium produces at least 50% of the esters, preferably hexadecanoic acid esters. The yield of fatty acid butyl esters is at least 5 wt.%, preferably 1 wt.% dry cell. Preferred Microorganism: The engineered Cyanobacterium is thermophilic Cyanobacterium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrocarbon or its mixture is heated to a temperature that is greater than the respective boiling point of the water. The water is vaporized and expelled by the addition of the aqueous-wet pellets into the hydrocarbon or its mixture. The water vapor and a small amount of the pollutants present in the sludge are disposed during the expulsion of water. The weight- and volume reduction of the sludge occurs during the expulsion of water. The hydrocarbon or its mixture is incorporated into the structure of the sludge along with the expulsion of water, through the addition of the pellets into the hydrocarbon or its mixture. The heat value or the fuel value of the sludge is increased by the incorporation of the hydrocarbon or its mixture. The disinfection of the reactants occurs by heating the total reactant to a temperature of greater than the boiling point of the water. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon or its mixture is present in liquid phase. The hydrocarbon or its mixture is present only in small amount in gaseous aggregate state at the temperature of greater than the respective boiling point of water. The reactants retain their pellet shape or other basic shape and thus are free flowing. The reactants does not exhibit a tendency to agglutinate or for explosive dust formation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of ammonium phosphate and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and other auxiliary agents is 0.1-9 wt.%, 82-95 wt.% and 6-9.9 wt.%, respectively. The auxiliary agents are anticaking agent, hydrophobing agent, diluent, markers, flavors, dyes, minerals or combustion inhibitors. The anticaking agents are calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, sodium-, potassium-, magnesium- or calcium-salts of fatty acids and their derivatives, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium- or aluminum-silicates, silica, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, talc and/or fatty amine gluconate. The minerals are kaolin, silicates, sparingly soluble sulfates and/or zeolites. The hydrophobing agent is sodium-, potassium-, magnesium- or calcium salts of fatty acids and their derivatives, silica, silicon oxides, siloxanes, silicon- or silicon-organic compounds, waxes, metal soaps, paraffins or their oils and/or other non-polar substances. The markers are color brightener, dye or its combinations, chemical compounds and/or radioactive metals or their compounds. The diluent is sodium sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium chloride, sea salt, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium metaborate, trisodium phosphate, sodium thiosulfate and/or titanium dioxide. The dyes are copper oxides, iron oxides, titanium dioxide and/or carbon black. The combustion inhibitors are inorganic or organic phosphorus-containing compounds, inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing compounds, hydroxides, carbonates, hydroxide carbonates, metal borates and/or aluminum trioxide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves carbonizing the tar adhered to coal. The method involves reducing the water content ratio of coal to 10 %mass or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding liquid binder to the tar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activator is liquid type. About 0.03 vol.% microbial activator is directly added to the sewage treatment system for 7-14 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The Cellulomonas fimi is oyster cap fungus or oyster mushroom. The Bacillus is B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. natto or big Bacillus. The Aspergillus is Aspergillus niger. The Neurospora is crude Neurospora or central Neurospora. The Trichoderma is green Trichoderma or Trichoderma koningii. The actinomycetes is Nocardia or Micromonospora. The saccharomycetes is Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fixed carriers of petroleum degrading bacteria are prepared by taking cultured and domesticated petroleum degrading bacteria to prepare the bacterium muddy liquid whose concentration is 5.70x 106 powder/ml; adding 2 mass% sodium alginate; using spraying kettle to uniformly spray on the root hair of the reed in the swamp, where the amount of the sprayed bacterium muddy liquid is not lower than 0.15 L/unit surface; attaching and fixing the root hair of the reed in the swamp for 5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-carbon bio-petroleum product further comprises (in wt.%): a fuel additive (0-15), carbinol, methane or hydrogen (0-49). Preferred Components: The fuel additive is dimethyl ether, isopropanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, castor oil, grease or organic nitrate compounds. The low-carbon bio-petroleum product comprises (in wt.%): bio-petroleum (0.1-50) and acetone or butanol (50-99.9) or bio-petroleum (0.1-50) and gasoline, diesel oil or coal oil (50-99.9).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing device further comprises a photocatalytic reactor (5) similar to that of the photosynthetic type hydrogen-producing reactor. The reaction solution outlet of each set of the photosynthetic type hydrogen-producing reactor is connected with one set of the photocatalytic reactor in series. The length of the reaction solution inlet pipe extended into the flow guide drum is 1/5-1/3 of that of the flow guide drum. The light source is an LED light source, which are arranged on the inner and the outer wall of the flow guide drum and the head part of each LED is exposed to the wall of the flow guide drum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial strains Methylobacterium (1xb-3), Burkholderia (1xb-5), Rhodococcus (1xb-6) and Phyllobacterium (1xb-9), whose 16s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence comprises respectively 1360 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO.1), 1411 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO.2), 1372 (SEQ ID NO.3), and 1333 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO.4), as fully defined in the specification. Preferred Method: The four bacterial strains Methylobacterium (1xb-3), Burkholderia (1xb-5), Rhodococcus (1xb-6) and Phyllobacterium (1xb-9) are mixed in a ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2, preferably 1:1:1:1. The degradation of PAHs in soil is carried out at 20-30 degrees C, where the soil to water ratio is 15-35%, and the nutritive salt percentage (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) is 100-120:10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Gordonia alkanivorans S104 strain utilizes carbon source such as decane, undecane, cetane, nonadecane, docosane, octacosane, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorine or terphenyl to grow.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is ammonium salt, nitrate and liquid ammonia. The nutrient salt is phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, calcium, zinc, cobalt and manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source and the biomass raw material are starch, cellulose and saccharide. The organic nitrogen is soybean cake powders, peanut cake powders, bran, urea, amine, amide, adenine alkali, pyrimidine base, protein, peptone, beef extract and yeast extract. The growth hormone is amino acid, adenine, pyrimidine, vitamin or corn steep liquor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: An inoculum means selected from group including human sewage, medium from mature anaerobic digestion of organic materials within an occasionally applied voltage, and medium from anaerobic digestion that is conducted in the presence of increased concentrations of hydrogen, is added. The inoculum is added to organic materials selected from group including manure, crop wastes, and garbage for purposes of increasing the efficiency of conversion of chemical potential energy in organic materials to hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the cyclic calefacient film type biogas tank, the pressure resistant cyclic heating cushion can be one surface of the tank body, or multiple surfaces of the tank body; the pressure resistant cyclic heating cushion of the cyclic calefacient film type biogas tank can be filled with heat exchange water; and the biogas tank is connected in series through cyclic pump to achieve two-stage fermentation, or connected in series to achieve three-stage fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (I) further comprises: combining a portion of the ethanol with a portion of the gasoline components, to produce a gasoline blendstock containing ethanol; and converting at least some of the ethanol to at least one gasoline component using the zeolite catalyst. In the process (I): the syngas is derived from biomass; the output of steps (d) and (e) are not combined; and the output of step (d) further includes non-gasoline components that are recycled back to step (a), where the non-gasoline components include 2-4C hydrocarbon gases. In the process (II): carbon-containing feedstock is biomass; and the ethanol-containing gasoline blendstock is used directly as an ethanol-containing gasoline fuel, or the ethanol-containing gasoline blendstock is combined with another fuel to produce an ethanol-containing gasoline fuel. Preferred Components: The fuel composition includes: less than or equal to or greater than 2.7 wt.% of oxygen; at least 9 vol.%, preferably at least 19 vol.% of ethanol; and less than or equal to or greater than 0.3 vol.% of methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The technical system that the carbonization conversion technology employs is similar to a sealing system, ultra-high temperature steam, or nitrogen gas (N2) and other inert gases are used as medium, and part of the steam is form moisture in damp raw materials. Preferred Process: In the process for preparing the biological coal, a heater for carbonization is set with steam and heat produced in the process of drying to achieve the recycling of the heat energy of technical process and only a small amount of heat energy needs to be added; a small quantity of pyrolysis gas produced in carbonization is utilized as fuel to provide heat source for the process of drying and carbonizing; and the heat released in the process of cooling is recycled to provide heat energy for the process of drying and carbonization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The flash point of the low-flash-point waste oil is 21-40 degrees C. The flash point of the waste oil is adjusted to 40 degrees C or more while mixing the waste oil with biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-flash-point waste oil is chosen from waste solvent, waste coating material, waste ink, waste thinner, byproduct glycerol and waste coating-material distillation residue. The low-flash-point waste oil is waste oil which is obtained by mixing several waste oils and adjusting flash point to 21-40 degrees C. The biomass is crushed material of waste tatami-mat, crushed material of rice straw, wood chips, wood powder, sawdust, wastepaper, and waste textile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameter: The residence time of solution in dispersion microbe tank is 2-5 hours. The concentration of dispersion microbe in dispersion microbe tank is 100-1000 mg/L. Preferred Components: The organic sludge generation apparatus further comprises dispersion microbe concentration control apparatus which controls concentration of dispersion microbe in dispersion microbe tank. The heterotrophic algae are Schizochytrium. Preferred Process: The concentration of dispersion microbe in dispersion microbe tank is set to concentration in which concentration of dispersion microbe is dominant. The generation method further involves controlling concentration of dispersion microbe in dispersion microbe tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The sludge conversion ratio given in ratio which increased as organic sludge is greater than or equal to 60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsion further comprises: 0.01-0.1 wt.% of ammonium nitrate; a cetane improver; and ethylene glycol. Preferred Components: The diesel fuel comprises 5-50 vol.% of biodiesel blended fuel. The alkylamine ethoxylate comprises a mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amine and polyoxyethylene coco amine. The tertiary alkanolamine is diethylethanolamine. The cetane improver comprises 2-ethylhexylnitrate. The ratio of ethylene glycol to water is 1:3-1:13. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microorganism aerobic degradation is the contact oxidization of the microorganism which is attached to the filling material of the fixed carrier. The filling material of the fixed carrier is fabric filling material with cellosilk on the surface or semi-flexible filling material of combined type. The volume density of the filling material of the fixed carrier is 65-85V/V% of the volume of the pool. The volume density of the filling material of the fixed carrier is 75-85V/V% of the volume of the pool. The filling material of the fixed carrier is firstly processed by active enzyme containing protease and then soaked by common trace elements which are beneficial to the growth of the microorganism. The recovered water is firstly processed through electro-desalting, then the oil is removed after air flotation; and finally it is degraded by microorganism and filtered.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the device for producing methane from wet garbage, the sewage feeding pipeline port and the sewage discharging pipeline port of each methane pond are respectively set with a sewage switch valve; and the solar heater and the heating pipeline connected with each methane pond are respectively equipped with a switch valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The green plant material (grass) contains 15% of protein content. The compost contains 1.2-1.5% of nitrogen, where the compost has carbon-nitrogen ratio of 33-40. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing polymeric material, air hole formation agent, decomposable blowing agent or thermally expandable microcapsule, and polymeric material having agrochemical absorption property, molding the mixture, and adding the molded product in solvent for dissolving the air hole formation agent. The polymeric material having agrochemical absorption property is obtained by performing aqueous suspension polymerization of 50-80 parts mass of divinyl benzene and 20-50 parts mass of polyhydric alcohol poly(meth)acrylic acid ester. The method involves mixing 10-50 parts mass of polymeric material having agrochemical absorption property with respect to 100 parts mass of polymeric material. Preferred Components: The polymeric material having agrochemical absorption property is granular material with average particle diameter of 2-20 mu m. The polymeric material is olefin resin or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The continuous porous material has porosity of 70-85% and thickness of 4 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The probiotic microorganism is chosen from Lactobacillus acidophilus, L.delbrueckii, Bacillus coagulans, L.rhamnosus, Bifidobacteruim bifidum or their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The concentration of MSM is 1-3 wt.%. The method (M4) further involves sterilizing the medium free from preservatives after adding MSM. The contacting step in method (M4) involves spraying or wiping the medium susceptible to microbial contamination with MSM. The MSM is provided in a composition free from bleach or alcohol or essentially water. Preferred Medium: The medium comprises sodium chloride (5% or less). The medium in method (M3) comprises bodily fluid, bodily tissue, or surface. The surface is household surface, bedding, coverings, industrial equipment or surface or their combinations. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide; Virucide; Vulnerary; Antiallergic; Protozoacide; Antiinflammatory; Ophthalmological; Neuroprotective. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The injecting hoppers are provided separately for injecting dry organic waste and water containing organic waste. The apparatus further comprises waste oil input unit for injecting organic waste oil to the upper portion of the aging stirring fermenter. The aging stirring fermenter is equipped with the deodorizing apparatus for deodorizing offensive odor. The screw conveyer of the quicklime input apparatus was made to cooperate with the drive motor for driving the screw conveyer of the organic waste conveyance mixing vessel, and the stirring conveyor of the aging stirring fermenter. Preferred Components: The organic waste is dried organic waste and water containing organic waste. The organic waste is excrement or wood chips. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plants which are dense and high are Canna, Cyperus alternifolius, Thalia dealbata or papyrus. The aquatic plants are aquatic water spinach, cress or Alternanthera philoxeroides and the dirt-resistant plants are junci medulla or Iris tectorum Maxim. The emergent aquatic plants are Scirpus tabernaemontani, Pontederia cordata or Cyperus alternifolius. The landscape plant with developed root is calla or Canna.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The ecological stopping basic weirs are constructed by soil of local place and there are about 3-4 seats of ecological stopping basic weirs; the bottom width is 15-25 cm and the upper width is 10-15 cm. The height of each ecological stopping basic weir is lower than the water discharging outlet of the farmland. The cross section of the branch ditch is rectangular in shape; the height of the ecological stopping basic weir can be calculated by the formula according to the daily even water amount of the branch ditch: h is equal to Qx 0.6 divide by lx b, where h is the height, Q is the daily even water amount of the branch ditch, l is the total length of the ditch and b is the width of the ditch. The total length of the ditch is the distance from the water inlet to the last basic weir. The hollow bricks are rhombic hollow bricks; the size of the hollow bricks are as follows: the length of the inner diameter is 0.8-1.2 m; the width is 0.6-0.8 m; the outer diameter is 0.85-1.25 m; the width is 0.65-0.85 m; the thickness is 16-24 cm; the size of the stone is 10-15 cm; the value range obtained by reducing the maximum diameter of the stone through the thickness of the hollow brick is 4-7 cm to fix the hollow brick.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Cytostatic; Antiinflammatory; Anti-HIV.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - The microalgae species, Chlorella vulgarism, were mutagenized using activation tagging mutagenesis (ATM) by transfer of DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into the algae genome. This randomly incorporates viral enhancer sequences together with a bacterial gene for antibiotic resistance into the microalgae genome. The algae cells were then selected for the ability to grow in hygromycin-containing medium, which indicates that the tag (T-DNA) construct has been successfully incorporated. The enhancer sequences activate the expression of genes in the immediate vicinity of their site of incorporation and, in the case of Chlorella vulgaris, a population of 100000 mutant cells should saturate most of the genome with activation mutations. These cells were then allowed to grow to form 100000 recombinant clones in semi-solidified medium. These clones were screened and isolated by picking up individual clones. In some cultures, the random activation of a gene or genes by ATM should have a specific impact on secondary metabolism of those clonal cultures. This process was the key component of MaGT (RTM: Microalgae-based method).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Method: The product is packed and stored to transport after drying and forming a film in step (vi). The packing comprises mixing 70% carbon dioxide and 30% nitrogen at 2-6 degrees C and performing atmosphere packing. The step (iii) comprises dividing the slices according to the size of the fish and removing the fishbone exposed outside. The ozone solution in the step (iv) is produced by an electrolytic ozone generator. The coating method in step (v) comprises introducing the composite coating antistaling agent into the sprayer, followed by atomizing, spraying and coating the fillets. The drying in step (vi) comprises blowing cold air of 2-6 degrees C in the tunnel of conveying the fillets while irradiating with the ultraviolet lamp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The production of the antistaling agent comprises: adding chitosan in batches into lactic acid (0.1-1.0 mol/l, preferably 0.1 mol/l) and sodium lactate buffer solution containing D-sodium erythorbate (0.08-0.12%, preferably 0.1%) of pH 3-4.5, preferably 4; preparing a mother solution containing chitosan (3.6-4.8%, preferably 4%); after completely dissolving, diluting by using 75-100% alcohol that is 1-3 times, preferably 3 times the volume of the mother solution, de-gassing for 2-4 minutes, preferably 2 minutes; preparing the acid coating antistaling agent which contains chitosan (0.9-1.2 wt.%), D-sodium erythorbate (0.08-0.12 wt.%) and alcohol (75 vol.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polylactic acid is prepared by direct condensation polymerization of lactic acid extracted from the kitchen waste fermentation liquid. The amylum comprises wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch. The average particle diameter of the amylum is 80-110 nm. The mass ratio of polylactic acid to amylum is 8:2, 7:5, 6:4 or 5:5. The polylactic acid and amylum are crushed and evenly stirred using a high speed crushing agitator. The surface of the slow-release material is distributed with micro-pores. The shape of the slow-release carbon material is cylindrical, its diameter is 0.3-0.8 cm and the length is 1-4 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The reactor is an anaerobic fermentation reactor. The filter-pressing and dewatering are processed by overlapping spiral filter-pressing dewaterer in step (C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The sludge is residual sludge of city life sewage plant thickener, where content of total suspended solid (TSS) is 12-24 g/L and volatile suspended solids (VSS)/TSS is more than 0.60. The amount of Ca(OH)2 added in step (A) is 2-3 wt.% of sludge, where temperature of anaerobic fermentation in is 20-35 degrees C. The discharging process is carried out for 20-28 hours, where volume of discharged fermentation mixture is 1/18-1/11 of total mixture volume in reactor and amount of added Ca(OH)2 is 7-27 wt.% (dry) of sludge. The FeSO4 solution added in step (C) is 15-45 g/L, where quality of added FeSO4 is 5.4-14.5 wt.% (dry) of sludge in discharged mixture. The first stirring process in step (C) is carried out for 2-5 minutes at 200 revolutions/minute (rpm) and 10-15 minutes at 120 rpm. The second stirring process in step (C) is carried out for 20-40 seconds at 200 rpm and 1-2 minutes at 80 rpm. The concentration of polyacrylamide solution added in step (C) is 0.05-0.5 mass%, where quality of added polyacrylamide is 0.6-1.0 wt.% (dry) of sludge in discharged fermentation mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is a common industrial alkali and comprises: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia water. The acid is the common industrial which comprises: sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid or muriatic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The polymyxins B and E culture in the fermentation extract comprises the polymyxins B and E fermenting solution and the liquid supernatant obtained by performing solid-liquid separation of the polymyxins B and E fermenting solution. The polymyxins B and E free alkali sediment is obtained by performing solid-liquid separation and the collected residue is washed for 2-4 times by the salt free water, whose volume is 5-10 times the volume of free alkali sediment and an acid is added to the solution to adjust the pH. The pH is adjusted to 12.5-13.5 with the alkali in the culture. The temperature is kept at 5-15 degrees C, when the pH is adjusted to 10-14 by the alkali in the culture. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 3-4.5 by the acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation method of ecological oil also comprises separating biomass carbon included in the pyrolyzed biomass gas in (b); separating biomass carbon ash included in the pyrolyzed biomass gas in (b); and heating the condensable biomass gas and using it as a thermal circulation medium for the pyrolysis reaction in (a); where the solid particles, biomass carbon, and biomass ash generated in (b) are heated to be used as thermal circulation mediums for the pyrolysis reaction in (a). In the method, a part of biomass oil in (c) passes the process of separating the included condensable biomass gas, where the process is used for preparing the ecological oil; another part of biomass oil in (c) is further cooled to be below 50 degrees C and used as a cold circulation medium for condensing in (c); the separated condensable biomass gas passes the process of removing tar; and the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in (a) is 400-500 degrees C.
ACTIVITY - Muscular-Gen; Immunostimulant; Antiinfertility; Nephrotropic; Thrombolytic; Anticoagulant; Osteopathic; Metabolic; Neuroprotective; Antidote; Vasotropic; Analgesic; Gynecological.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus subtilis X1 strain is hydrolyzed in starch, oil, gelatin, urea, hydrogen sulfide, benzopyrrole, methyl red, citrate, peroxidase, oxidase, glucose and sugarcane or nitrate. The NYDA solid culture medium comprises 5g of yeast extract, 8g of beef extract, 10g of glucose and 15g of agar powder and distilled water. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is inorganic nitrogen, ammonium salt, nitrate or liquid ammonia. The nutritive salt is a salt solution containing phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, calcium, zinc, cobalt or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is starch, cellulose and saccharide. The nitrogen source is organic nitrogen, soybean cake powder, peanut cake powder, bran, urea, amine, amide, purine base, pyrimidine base, protein, peptone, beef extract or yeast extract. The growth hormone contains amino acid, purine, pyrimidine or vitamin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic material is crushed corn cob, bagasse, corn stalks or straw. The cellulose is processed by beta -1,4-glucan enzyme or cellobiase. The culture liquid is sodium citrate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, yeast anointed and 40mg/L of antibiotics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The distribution pipe is made of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride and other plastic materials or stainless steel materials. The methane collector and inclined plate are made of polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride or engineering plastic or stainless steel materials. The membrane element is a plate-type porous microfiltration membrane made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is one or the mixture of several kinds of lauric acid polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, propylene glycol ester of fatty acid, alkylphenol ethoxylates, hydrogenated castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), and Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate). The oil is one or the mixture of several kinds of triglyceride, isopropyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, vaseline, vitamin E oil, snake oil, horse oil, organic jojoba oil, olive oil, and castor oil. The Silybin nanocrystal cosmetic also comprises other active components with the functions of moisturizing, skin whitening, sun blocking, oil control, and removing blackhead and acne. Preferred Composition: The grain size of the Silybin nanocrystal cosmetic is 80-2000 nm. ACTIVITY - Antiseborrheic; Dermatological.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the crop straw carbide alcohol-carried solid fuel, the industrial alcohol is 100 pts.wt. of the total composition and the gelatinizing agent is 1-5 pts.wt. of the total composition. The crop straws are straws of hemp crops or grain crops; where the diameter of each straw is more than 1 cm. The carbide of the crop straws is one or mixture of bar-shaped carbide or block-shaped carbide. The gelatinizing agent is advanced fatty acid salt, modified natural high-molecular compound, or calcium acetate. The advanced fatty acid salt is preferably replaced by sodium stearate; and the modified natural high-molecular compound is preferably replaced by a modified product of cellulose. The modified product of cellulose is preferably replaced by cellulose nitrate ester. Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature in (b) is 10-90 degrees C. Preferred Method: The method for enabling the carbide of the crop straws to absorb saturated-amount alcohol solution in (c) comprises a reflux method, a decompression soaking method, or a pressurization soaking method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bituminous coal granularity in (a) is less than 3 mm; where the crop straw is grinded until the grain diameter is less than 3 mm by a grinder after being naturally aired; the organic adhesive is humic acid sodium; and the water of the material before molding is 14-16%. Preferred Machine: The molding machine is a double-roll molding machine which is common in modeled coal industry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: The degradation combination condition comprises 25-35 degrees C, 3-10% of inoculum concentration, and 25-100 ml liquid medium volume. Preferably, the degradation combination condition comprises 30 degrees C, 10% of inoculum concentration, and 50 ml liquid medium volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stuff is white carbon black. The culture solution in step (ii) comprises (in %) corn flour (2), soybean cake powder (3.5), fish meal (2), peanut cake powder (2), starch (1), monopotassium phosphate (0.3) and calcium carbonate (0.3). ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modifier comprises antistatic agent, compatibilizer and nucleating agent. The antistatic agent is HDC103. The nucleating agent is substituted aluminum benzoate. The weight ratio of octabromo ether and antimony trioxide is 1:1-3:1. Preferred Process: A foaming agent is added to the obtained mixture in a screw extruder and the contents are mixed and co-extruded at 160-180 degrees C to obtain the flame retardant material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The foaming agent is butane, pentane or supercritical carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsifying agent is prepared by mixing ethylenediamine (10-30), glycerin monostearate (5-30), isopropyl alcohol (8-35), and cyclohexylamine (10-30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen purifying and drying device comprises successively connected first, second and third tanks, where the bottom of the first tank is provided with a water exhausting valve. The reaction kettle is respectively connected with a vacuometer, a hydrogen pressure meter, a temperature sensor and a safety valve. The bottom of the reaction kettle is provided with the pneumatic two-way valve IV used for exhausting water, and liquid in the reaction kettle is common water or seawater. The pressure in the reaction kettle is 0.2-0.4 Mpa, and the pressure in the hydrogen storing tank is 0.8-1.0 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The hollow mesoporous silica capsule has average diameter of 20 nm-1 mu m. The nanoparticles are magnetic nanoparticles having average particle diameter of 1-20 nm or semiconductor quantum dot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hollow mesoporous silica capsule is formed using a nitrogen-containing surfactant of formula: R1R2R3R4NX dissolved in hydrophilic solvent, silica precursor, and steroid compound.R1-R3=CH3- or CH2CH3-;R4=12-22C alkyl;andX=negative ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In biomass pretreatment, step (a) is performed on exchanger H1 in which the biomass reaches a temperature of 110 degrees C, and in which the necessary heat is generated from hot water in a scraped surface heat exchanger H4. Step (d) thermohydrolyzed biomass is cooled to a temperature of 60 degrees C in the H4 scraped surface heat exchanger with chilled water from H1 exchanger and then cooled to a temperature of H5 in a heat exchanger at 40 degrees C. Step (a) is performed on exchanger H1 in which the biomass reaches a temperature of between 70 and 80 degrees C and in which the necessary heat from the steam is generated from a flash tank F1 at 100 degrees C. The method further comprises steam explosion of thermohydrolyzed biomass that takes place in a flash tank F1. Biomass is cooled to a temperature in a heat exchanger H4 at 40 degrees C. Preferred Installation: The exchanger H1 is connected to the scraped surface heat exchanger H4 by means carrying out chilled water from H1 to H4 scraped surface heat exchanger and hot water from H4 to H1. Exchanger H4 or H5 uses cooling water from the water supply to cool the facility of thermohydrolyzed biomass. Installation is provided with means to maintain a pressure between 6 and 8 bar in the area of the facility from the heat exchangers H2 and H4 or from heat exchanger H2 to flash tank F1. Installation comprises means for transporting water vapor generated at 100 degrees C in the flash tank F1 to the exchanger H1. H2 scraped surface heat exchanger is connected to a heat exchanger by means of H3 transported from H3 to H2 thermal oil heated to 230 degrees C and from H2 to H3 thermal oil cooled to 210 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst support material is alumina, magnesia, silica, titania, zirconia, sulfated zirconia, tungstate zirconia, aluminum fluoride, fluorided aluminum oxide, bentonites, zeolites, silicon dioxide/aluminum oxide, carbon-based supports and/or molecular sieves. The active material is one or more oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium or lutetium. The catalyst support material comprises alumina and the active material comprises ceria. The catalyst material comprises one or more metals in elemental form or in the form of oxides, hydroxides or carbides, where the metals are iron, potassium, manganese, palladium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lanthanum, cerium, tungsten, platinum, copper, sodium and/or cesium. Preferred Method: The method for preparing catalyst support further comprises: calcining the associated active material and the catalyst support material; depositing a catalyst material onto the associated active and catalyst support materials to form a catalyst; and calcining the associated active and catalyst support materials prior to the depositing step. The calcining step is carried out at a temperature of 300-1300 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate and gamma -alumina as support material were added to a flask containing deionized water at a concentration to obtain a weight ratio of (Ce:Al) 12:100. Then the impregnated mixture was dried at 373 K in ambient air and calcined at 1073 K for 4 hours, under static air conditions to give catalyst support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of powdered material of biomass charcoal and powdered coal is 6-50:94:50, preferably 20-50:80-50. The ground material of biomass charcoal has volatile content of 25-50 %mass. The total volatile material concentration of powdered coal and ground material of biomass charcoal is 10 %mass or more, preferably 15-50 %mass. The content of ground material of biomass charcoal having particle diameter of 74 mu m or less is 80 %mass or more. The powdered charcoal and coal are blown in from lance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The distillation process is performed at 450 degrees C or more, preferably 450-800 degrees C, more preferably 500-600 degrees C for 30 minutes or more, preferably 30-90 minutes, more preferably 30-60 minutes. The biomass coal has Hardgrove grindability index of 45-90, preferably 60-90. The pulverized material comprises biomass coal (0.1-50 %mass). The particle size of the pulverized material (80 %mass or more) is 74 mu m or less. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sulfurous component removal system utilizes chemical solvent comprising methyl diethanol amine, selective amine from solvents such as Flexsorb (RTM: proprietary gas treating agent). The liquid solvent comprises hindered amine, tertiary amine or combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The surface area of cross-sectional area of the tank is 0.2 or more. The upper end of the first vertical flow path and second vertical flow path comprises a sealing lid which is attached or detached to it. The horizontal flow path comprises transparent tube. The storing tank comprises meandering flow path.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas contains oxygen or ozone, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The roasting step is carried out at 200-240 degrees C, preferably at 220 degrees C or 320 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier contains ( alpha )-alumina. The carrier further contains 0.1-15 %mass of alkaline earth metal element oxide and 2-25 %mass of rare earth element oxide with respect to 100 %mass of alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The enzymatic decomposition reaction of cellulose of polyester and textiles for cotton mixture is carried out in presence of mineral salt chosen from manganese, cobalt and barium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The recessed portion is formed in the bottom wall of the decomposition treatment tank. The agitation unit is located above the recessed portion. The side wall of the decomposition treatment tank comprises inclined channel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fraction containing hydrocarbons comprise 3 carbon atoms is separated off by divided wall fractional distillation. The heavy fraction is subsequently hydrotreated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) has a higher heating value of 3000-15000 (preferably 11000) British Thermal Unit (BTU)/pound (lb). (I) has a volatile matter content of 40-80%; a carbon (C) content of 75%; a hydrogen (H) content of 6-7%; and an ash content of less than 5%. (I) has a ratio: H/C of 0.09-0.14; and oxygen (O)/C of 0.3-0.6. (I) comprises at least one component derived from a processed MSW waste stream and at least one sorbent in an amount calculated to mitigate the sulfur content of another fuel. Preferred Components: The sorbent is sodium sesquicarbonate (preferred) (3-15 (preferably 5-10) % (w/w)), sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc ferrite, zinc copper ferrite, zinc titanate, copper ferrite aluminate, copper aluminate, copper manganese oxide, nickel supported on alumina, zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper, copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide, limestone, lime, iron, iron oxide, ferric oxide, magnetite, iron filings, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, dolomite, silica, alumina, china clay, kaolinite, bauxite, emathlite, attapulgite, coal ash, egg shells, or calcium-montmorillonite. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises a step of drying the mineral carbonates before grinding to a residual moisture content of less than or equal to 1 mm. The milling and drying takes place in a hot air operated impact mill. The compacting is briquetting. The briquettes obtained by briquetting are screened and the finely divided material resulting from the screening is fed back to the roller press. A slug is generated by the roller press, and is subsequently granulated in a crushing step. The granulate obtained in the crushing step is divided in to a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, where the fine fraction is fed back to the roller press. Preferred Components: The starch used is a technical starch, e.g. manioc starch. The coarse fraction of the obtained granulate exhibits a grain size of 5-10 mm. The mineral carbonate is calcium carbonate, preferably chalk. EXAMPLE - Small pieces or finely divided mineral calcium carbonate in the form of small lumps was dried in a hot air operated impact mill to residual moisture of less than 1% and was grounded to fineness of less than 1 mm in size. The finely grounded chalk material was mixed with chalk (5 wt.%) and water (8 wt.%) (each based on the weight of the dry chalk material) in a blender. The resulting mixture was then made into briquettes by briquetting. The briquettes produced were screened and the fine particles were directly fed back in to the briquetting machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: separating the concentrated biosolid fraction and the bypass liquid fraction from organic biowaste; and introducing the gaseous residual product to the culturing media. The hydrothermal process is carried out at 320 degrees C and at a pressure above 0.5 MPa. Preferred Components: The culturing media: comprises the aqueous residual product; and further comprises the bypass liquid fraction (50 vol.%). The bypass liquid fraction is present at at least 50 (preferably 80) vol.% of the organic biowaste. Both the concentrated biosolid fraction and the concentrated cultivated organism fraction comprise at least 5 (preferably 10) wt.% of total solids. The ratio of the concentrated cultivated organism fraction to the concentrated biosolid fraction introduced to the hydrothermal process is greater than 5%, preferably 25% on a total solids basis. The organism is algae (preferred) (including low lipid algae, Chlorella or Spirulina) or bacteria. The algae comprises less than 20 wt.% of lipid. The concentrated cultivated organism fraction comprises algae and bacteria. The organic waste is animal waste, animal manure, human waste from a municipal sewage stream or food processing waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the city household garbage processing system, the garbage percolate post-processing system also comprises an adjusting pool, an aerobic biochemical pool, an ultra-filtration device, and a nano-filtration device; the adjusting pool is connected with the anaerobic fluid container by a pipeline; the ultra-filtration device is respectively connected with the aerobic biochemical pool and the nano-filtration device by pipelines; the nano-filtration device is set with a pipeline connected with a town water processing factory; a transferring channel is arranged between the garbage sorting system and the burning system; the garbage sorting system is also set with a crushing device; the garbage storage pit is set with a waterproof layer; the bottom of the garbage storage pit has the gradient towards one side; and the gradient is 0-30 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The raw material is corn stover, rice straw, hard wood, corncob, water hyacinth, wheat straw or sunflower seed hull. The yeast is capable of decomposing xylose, and includes Pichia stipitis. The solution having xylose has a pH of 5-7. The weight ratio of the lignocellulosic material to that of the solution having xylose is 1-5%. Preferred Method: The fermentation is processed with an amount of air injection of 0.01-0.05 volume/volume/minute (vvm). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The neutralization is done with calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: upgrading the energy densified product by conversion to alcohol and subsequent dehydration; adding an inorganic salt or a second organic acid to the organic acid recited to vary the properties of the product; and catalytic hydrogenation of the tri-ketone into a 9C tri-ol. The process-I further comprises: catalytic dehydration of the tri-ol to form 2,4,6-nonene; and using the 2,4,6-nonene as alkylation feedstock to create larger and branched hydrocarbons. The process is used on a mixture of organic acids to form energy densified products. The process uses a pyrolysis reactor system for the thermal decomposition reaction, where the system comprises a heat transfer medium. The process is integrated with an existing kraft pulping process. The organic acid includes impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic waste for agriculture is straw, straw slag, chaff or animal excrement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lower port of the feeding pipe is equipped with a blockage cover, whose one end is movably connected with the feeding pipe. The blockage cover is equipped with a draught rope and one end of the draught rope is led out from the upper port of the feeding pipe. The upper port of the feeding pipe is equipped with an end cover and the draught rope is led through the end cover. The heating pipe is communicated with a pipeline of industrial waste water or waste gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves packing the waste material in garbage bag, subjecting the garbage bag to rotary kiln or rotary drier for performing fermentation process. The method involves drying by passing chlorinated steam to crushed material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Reed, cattail or wicker are used in the plant grid sedimentation unit. The plant in the wet land is reed, cattail or Canna.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Substrate of the vertical flow artificial wet land unit is cobblestone, slag, macadam and mellow soil from the top to bottom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Surface of the fillings is loaded with active enzyme mainly having protease, and trace elements benefiting the micro organism to grow up.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: There are hanging fillings which might be cloth with fiber silk on the surface and/or combined half soft fillings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the copper surfaces and/or optionally compounds of copper and/or other metals produced on the surface in the transesterification are utilized as solid phase catalyst. The process utilizes fatty and oleic acid glycerides, originating optionally from wastes, as organic energy carrier materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fruits or vegetables include melon, tomato, or strawberry. The grain crops include saline-alkali resistant corn, triticale, or millet. The plant straw includes fallen leaves, saw dusts, corn, wheat, or rice.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The EM flora includes photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, Bacillus, or beneficial microorganisms floras, or metabolin. The content of active bacteria of the EM flora is more than 12 billion per mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method is performed in anaerobic digester. Preferred Microorganism: The acetic acid producing bacteria is Clostridium ljungdahlii or Clostridium autoethanogenum. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ultra-fine fiber yarn strips are mixed with polypropylene yarn strips. The floating grass head is formed of a foaming material, and the anchoring root is composed of reinforcement fabric or concrete block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution (1-15%) is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water or other alkaline solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The supercritical fluid extraction is carried out for 0.5-2 hours, where the flow of carbon dioxide is 1.5-6.5 ml/crude drug/minute and alcohol is an entrainer (1-10% of the original material). The amount of absolute alcohol added is 2-4 times the added amount of the medicinal materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite additive further comprises (pts.wt.) petroleum ether (2-6), isopropyl ether (1.5-5) and/or ether (0.5-2); cyclohexane (1-3); dimethylbenzene (2-3.5) and/or octane (1-2); and ethanol (1-3). The alcohol-ether mixed solution is prepared by placing silicalite molecular sieve in methanol at volume ratio of 1:3, standing and absorbing for 3-5 minutes, stirring for 1 minute, standing and absorbing for 15-30 minutes, filtering and removing impurities from liquid to obtain alcohol-ether mixed solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The decayed and fermented excrement is obtained by adding lactic acid bacteria (1 kg) to the excrement (1 tonne) and fermenting and decaying the mixture for 25-30 days, where the viable bacterial count of the obtained decayed and fermented excrement is 1x 108 colony forming units (cfu)/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The wastewater is domestic sewage, beer wastewater or molasses wastewater. The sterilizing pre-treatment is performed by sterilizing wastewater using calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine, chlorine dioxide or UV rays at high temperature and high pressure. The carbon dioxide is obtained from smoke gas or air. The carbon dioxide is aerated at speed of 0.1-2 volume per volume per minute. The culturing process is performed at 30 degrees C with illumination intensity of 1000 lx-20000 lx. The collection of microalgae is performed by coagulation-suspension method, coagulation-precipitation method, centrifugation method or sand filtering method. The extraction of fatty acid is performed using chloroform-methanol extraction, diethyl ether-petroleum ether extraction, Soxhlet extraction method or electromagnetic impulse method. Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae is Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus, Synechocystis, Spirulina or Dunaliella.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode is made of manganese molybdenum oxide, manganese molybdenum vanadium oxide, manganese molybdenum iron oxide or manganese molybdenum vanadium oxygen oxide. The cathode is made of nickel, iron sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing oil with mixture of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in the weight ratio of 1:0.03-0.1. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The intraradices agent comprises G.caledonium, Acaulospora mellea, G.mosseae and G.intraradices. The rapidly growing plants are chosen from sudan grass, alfalfa, corn and broomcorn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The carrier is made of yttria stabilized zirconia group solid oxide ceramics. The inter-connector is made of lanthanum calcium chromite group solid oxide ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode structure has chamfer which is formed at one side of the electrode plate. The cathode of the electrode plate is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt of piperidine compound is chosen from nitrate, sulfate, hydrogen bromide, phosphate, maleate, difumarate, citrate, oxalate and tartrate. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The synthesized methane catalyst has specific surface area of 20-120 m2/g and pore volume of 0.3-0.6 ml/g. Preferred Composition: The zirconium source is zirconium nitrate or zirconium oxychloride. The aluminum source is aluminum nitrate or aluminum hydroxide. The lanthanum salt, cerium salt, calcium salt and barium salt are nitrate or chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The warming and heating in steps (ii) and (ii a) are completed in a conventional roasting kiln. The warming and heating in steps (ii), (ii a) and (ii b) are completed in different roasting kiln, or completed at different temperature control region of the same roasting kiln.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method for utilizing ethane gas further comprises: sending the ethane gas directly to a landfill site flare to incinerate landfill waste, or mixing the ethane gas with methane gas obtained from the landfill, adjusting the mixture to a maximum BTU of 1100, and sending the mixture to sales gas line for sales to customers. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen is generated by reacting oxygen with elements selected from the group consisting of cerium, manganese, magnesium, cobalt, zinc, tin, indium and germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The composition containing silicon oxide is synthetic quartz crystal, fused quartz glass, soda lime glass, alkali free glass, borosilicate glass and/or glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition containing silicon oxide is processed by hydrohalic acid. The hydrohalic acid is hydrofluoric acid and/or hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterium is: an environmental bacterium; Shewanella japonica, Shewanella colwellianna, and Shewanella oneidensis; a spontaneous genetic mutant of a wild type bacterium; an environmentally conditioned strain of a wild type bacterium; and a genetically engineered mutant of a wild type bacterium. The fecal waste is human fecal waste and swine fecal waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises collecting the water removed from the fatty acid enriched mixture and extracting the alkane from the pyrolyzed mixture. The pyrolysis is by a furnace and microwave irradiation. EXAMPLE - Waste samples (with and without Shewanella) were centrifuged at 9000 g for 15 minutes. The resulting sludge was placed into a glass vial (3 ml), which was heated at 90 degrees C for 30 minutes to drive off residual water. The sample was placed in an aluminum crucible (70 mu l), and then pyrolyzed within the thermogravimetric analysis via a custom method that maintains a temperature of below 250 degrees C for 10 minutes. The pyrolysis experiment was completed, and the crucible was extracted into a water/dichloromethane solvent mixture. The mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes, and the isolated organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate. The extracts were then injected (1:8 split) onto a fatty acid methyl ester capillary column within a Varian 450 gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector to give alkanes occur within the chromatograph.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The protease formation microbe is aerobic microbe which produces heat resistance protease. The aerobic heat resistance microbe is Bacillus sp.MU3 (N-th ITE AP-156). Preferred Method: The ultra high temperature solubilization process is performed at 80-100 degrees C. The methane fermentation process is performed at 30-70 degrees C. The solubilization process is performed using lipase producing microbe, glycosidase producing microbe and/or cellulase producing microbe other than protease producing microbe at 20-40 degrees C. The organic waste concentration in solubilization process is 0-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The culture supernatant is purified by ultrafiltration with a cut-off molecular weight of at least 30 kDa. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The zinc oxide or titanium oxide is surface-treated with silica, alumina, alkylsilane and/or organopolysiloxane. The content of oxide is preferably 70 %mass or more. The zinc oxide or titanium oxide has an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyether-modified silicone is 2-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal precursor is chosen from platinum, palladium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, copper, gold, silver, rhodium, iron, indium, tin, antimony, molybdenum, zinc, cadmium, osmium, iridium, vanadium, manganese, rhenium, chromium and tungsten. The aqueous solution is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The manufacture of alloy metallic nano structure involves using surfactant, additive and aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refined biological diesel oil is prepared using vegetable oil or waste grease and industrial methanol having purity of 90-99%. Preferred Composition: The co-solvent is oleic acid, palmitic acid, naphthenic acid, n-dodecanol, n-octanol, iso-octanol, n-heptanol, b-butanol and isobutanol. The corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole, dipolylinoleic acid, dodecenyl succinic acid, ditertiary butyl p-cresol, tri-butyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, di-octyl phosphate, dipolymeric acid, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and/or fatty acid imidazoline borate. The vegetable oil is obtained from Jatropha curcas, seed of tung tree, walnut tree, palm tree and oil tree.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate, alkyl lactate, sorbitan mono-oleate, polyoxyethylene, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene(4)ether, dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene(10)ether, polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, and/or fatty acid methyl sodium sulfonate. The stabilizer is carboxymethyl cellulous sodium, sodium oleate, polyacrylamide and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basket is oval. The maximum diameter of the frame is less than the minimum diameter of the feeding pool. The mesh eye of the basket is smaller than length of the straw. The basket material is changed every 2 months. The number of baskets in (i) 6 cm3 of methane tank is 4-5, (ii) 8 cm3 of methane tank is 5-6, and (iii) 10 cm3 of methane tank is 7-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of waste acid is 1% or less. The oxidization is carried out till the content of ferrous chloride reaches 0.3% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the step (f), the digested sludge is returned to the anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor or the aerobic reactor, The digested sludge received by the anaerobic reactor in step (a) is obtained from step (f) and in the anaerobic reactor, the liquid mixture of the sewage and sludge has biochemical reaction at the anaerobic condition (the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.2 mg/l). The digested sludge received by the anoxic reactor in step (b) is obtained from step (f) and in the anoxic reactor, the liquid mixture of the sewage and sludge has biochemical reaction at the anoxic condition (the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.5 mg/l). The digested sludge received by the aerobic reactor in step (c) is obtained from step (f) and in the aerobic reactor, the liquid mixture of the sewage and sludge has biochemical reaction at the aerobic condition (the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.5 mg/l). The secondary precipitating tank separates the sludge and the sewage in step (d). The water content of the sludge is reduced through gravity concentration, mechanical concentration or air flotation concentration method in step (e).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The aeration of the fermenter is carried out as batch aeration, during pre-aeration phase and/or during fermentation phase. The aeration is carried out with a combination of continuous aeration and batch aeration. The biogas or the combustion product of the biogas is injected into the fermenter with a pressure of 8-15 bars, during the batch aeration. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cell suspension comprises yeast. The yeast cells comprise Saccharomyces.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The addition of alginite to the cell suspension is carried out 30-60 minutes before the addition of the reactant. The reaction is carried out in an aqueous medium or a 2-phase medium. Preferred Components: The reactant comprises: beta -keto ester; or a haloaliphatic-, a haloaromatic-, an alicyclic or a polycyclic compound, preferably a steroid or a steroid derivative. EXAMPLE - Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (136 g), sucrose (100 g) and alginite (200 g) were added into a fermenter filled with tap water. Then 2-cyclohexanone carboxylic acid ethyl ester (8 ml) was added continuously to the aerated culture within 20 hours, after 30 minutes of incubation at 30 degrees C. Then the reaction mixture was worked up to obtain (1R, 2S)-cis-2-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anchor particle comprises coal, filter cake coal, a non-combustible material, a mineral or coal processing refuse. The energy-containing fine material comprises coal fines. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding a dispersant to the fluid before the step of adding the activator polymer to the population.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst is selected from nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material of honeycomb structure is cordierite, mullite, ferrite type stainless steel, and/or austenitic stainless steel. The catalyst comprises active metal(s) chosen from rhodium, platinum and palladium, supported in an amount of 0.3-5 %mass with respect to 100 %mass of alumina-containing support. The alumina-containing support supports 2-25 %mass of rare-earth oxide and 0.1-15 %mass of alkaline-earth-element oxide, with respect to 100 %mass of alpha -alumina having a pore volume of 0.2-1 ml/g and a pore diameter of 50 nm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: Hydrogen-sulfide removal unit(s) (12,14) is provided at the latter stage of the modification portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The adsorbent of the pressure swing adsorption unit is a carbon molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon number of the non-halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon is 1-4. The catalyst (b) further comprises vanadium oxide. Preferred Method: The method further involves (d) contacting catalyst (a4) containing titanium oxide and tungsten oxide with the gas obtained from process (c) at 300-550 degrees C, where the catalyst (a4) does not contain noble metal. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The horizontal distance between the second sand settling tank and the liquid storage tank is longer than the distance between the first sand settling tank and the liquid storage tank. The device further comprises an irrigating pipe which is mounted in the liquid storage tank. The first and second sand setting tanks are cylindrical, and length, width and height of each are respectively 10 m, 10 m and 6 m. The liquid storage tank is cylindrical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Rhodopseudomonas A is chosen from Rhodopseudomonas A (ATCC FERM P-19432) strain and Rhodopseudomonas R10 strain. The Rhodopseudomonas B is Rhodopseudomonas B (ATCC FERM P-19431) strain. The photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomos A has 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecule of SEQ ID NO: 1. The photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomos B strain has 16S rDNA molecule of SEQ ID NO: 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises sedimentation or supernatant tank for accommodating liquid, and second detection unit for removing the microparticles from the stored liquid until SS value of the liquid reaches the predetermined value. The second detection unit detects whether the solid substance is used as powder fuel or lump like fuel. The apparatus further comprises absorption unit, precipitation unit, drying unit and combustion unit. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The composition is contacted with the algal culture at a time point within the incubation time period, where the enhancement of the biofuel potential of the algal culture is greater than when the composition is contacted with the algal culture at a different time point within the incubation time period. Preferred Components: The alga species is a species of a genus including Gloeocystis, Limnothrix, Scenedesmus, Chlorococcum, Chlorella, Anabaena, Chlamydomonas, Botryococcus, Cricosphaera, Spirulina, Nannochloris, Dunaliella, Phaeodactylum, Pleurochrysis and/or Tetraselmis. The alga species is Chlorella sorokiniana. Preferred Composition: The composition is: auxin, phytohormone, cytokinin, cytokinin like compound, growth promoter and/or micronutrient, preferably phenylacetic acid, indole-butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellic acid, zeatin, thidiazuron, humic acid, kelp extract, methanol and/or iron chloride; or a pesticide, which is malathion (2-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio)butanedioic acid diethyl ester). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Sulfuric acid is generated from hydrogen sulfide. The recovered calcium carbonate is heated and set as calcium oxide, and supplied to neutralization process. Methane and/or ethanol is recovered during metabolite collection process. The sulfate reducer is contained in microorganism group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The dewatering agent is a compressible material. Preferred Method: In the system, the method of removing water from sludge further comprises pre-conditioning the dewatering agent to a fine consistency, where the pre-conditioning step includes milling the dewatering agent to a size of less than or equal to 500 microns. In the method (I): at least one step is performed in connection with a mobile device; and the mixing step includes forming a composite mixture, such that the semisolid sludge cake and the dewatering agent are substantially evenly dispersed. The method (I) further comprises: pre-conditioning the dewatering agent to a fine consistency. The method (II) further comprises: conditioning the dewatering agent to form a fine consistency before the dispensing step; macerating the compressed material after the compressing step; and separating the semi-solid sludge cake and the dewatering agent making up the compressed material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Multiple layers of biological germs with a purification function are filled in the biologic balls. The bucket body is cylindrical, and multiple water outlets for sewage flowing out are formed around the water inlet tube on the bucket body, and the oxygen tube is directly inserted in the oxygen layer and connected with it.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The height of the lower baffle is equivalent to the lower baffle. The upper baffle is towards the north and the lower baffle is towards the south. The framework is an organic macromolecule section bar. The bottom side is paved with concrete or compressed mud or bricks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of calcium carbonate which passes through 40 meshes and silica which passes through 50 meshes, contained in 10 parts of fuel additive is 0.5-3 parts (preferably 1-2 parts) and 7-10 parts (preferably 8-9 parts), respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of coal powder, petroleum coke powder, biomass fuel powder and fuel additive contained in 100 parts of solid fuel is 5-65 parts (preferably 8-58 parts), 30-65 parts (33-61 parts), 3-33 parts (8-30 parts) and 0.5-5 parts (1-2 parts), respectively. The biomass fuel powder is a hydrolytic powder prepared by hydrolyzing wood, straw and/or rice shell in water having a temperature of 115-126 degrees C and pH of 4-6. Preferred Method: The solid fuel is supplied into a glass furnace for smelting glass, by dilute phase gas conveying device. Preferred Property: The maximum diameter of coal powder is less than that of the petroleum coke powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: Preparing potato dextrose agar culture medium comprising peeling tomato (200 g), placing into water and boiling for 30 minutes, filtering, adding normal sucrose (20 g), making volume to 1000 ml, adjusting pH to 7.2-7.4, sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Components: The spore index of the pig manure is higher than 98 %. The mass percentage of organic fertilizer is greater than or equal to 35 %, organic nitrogen is 1.2-2 %, and water is 25-30 %. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fluxing modifier is cosolvent, ignition improver or antioxidant. The cosolvent is chosen from 3C saturated alcohol, 4C saturated alcohol, 5C saturated alcohol and 8C saturated alcohol. The amount of cosolvent is 40-50 wt.%. The ignition improver is chosen from 1-nitrobutane or ethyl nitrite. The amount of ignition improver is 3-5 wt.%. The antioxidant is 1-tertiary butyl paracresol. The amount of antioxidant is 5-7 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biomass material contains single-component biomass or multicomponent biomass and pulverized coal. The multicomponent biomass material comprises branch, sawdust, shell, plant straw, rhizome, and high-temperature cooked and disinfected organic garbage. The high-temperature cooked and disinfected organic garbage is swill and/ or house refuse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of ortho-phenylenediamine with respect to phenylacetic acid is 1:1-1:1.2. The alcohol solvent is glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol and/or n-butanol. The mass ratio of o-phenylenediamine with respect to alcohol solvent is 1:1-1:20. The molar ratio of dehydrating agent with respect to ortho-phenylenediamine is 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The organic waste is chosen from agricultural organic waste, livestock and poultry breeding waste, industrial organic waste and sewage. The methane production inoculum is anaerobic sewage derived from methane tank, pool or sewage treatment plant. The carbon dioxide absorption liquid is chosen from water, Selexol (RTM: Polyalkylene glycol dimethyl ether), monoethanolamine solution, diethanolamine solution, triethanolamine solution and alkali solution. The energy source grass is chosen from hybrid Pennisetum, elephant grass, bulrush, highway grass, teosinte grass and ryegrass. Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae are chosen from Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorococcum, Platymonas, Oscillatoria, Spirulina, Synechocystis, Synechococcus and Porphyridium. Preferred Method: The method involves drying the methane slag until the water content is 20-35%. The thermal processing of the hydrogen production inoculum is carried out at 80-115 degrees C for 15-60 minutes. The solid-liquid separation is chosen from extruding spiral separation, horizontal centrifugal separation, and high speed centrifugation, filtering process, micro-filtering process and super-filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon-containing raw material includes hen dung, manure of large livestock, peat, and/or sawdust.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aeration grid is made in the form of grid, which is manufactured by braiding metallic wire or polymeric thread.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The size of fragments in the step (i) is 5-40 mm. The pressure in the step (iv) is 40-50 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the device for preparing liquid manure by organic waste, the wall of the bucket on upper part of the fermenting bucket is equipped with a ventilation hole; the opening of the fermenting bucket is hinged with a sealed bucket cover; the outer surface of the fermenting bucket is covered with a layer of thermal insulating layer; and the wall of the fermenting bucket is equipped with a transparent water level observation window.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the outdoor hydraulic glass steel methane tank capable of being embedded, a gas collecting chamber (7) is arranged in the cavity of the upper hemisphere (2); a storing fermenting chamber (9) is arranged in the cavity of the lower hemisphere (5); a sealing groove (12) is arranged on the sealing bar (6) to clamp the edges of the upper hemisphere (2) and the lower hemisphere (5); an air outlet pipe (3) is arranged at the top of the upper hemisphere (2); a flat bottom is arranged at the bottom of the lower hemisphere (5); a feed pipe (10) stretching to the storing fermenting chamber (9) is arranged on the feed hopper (1); a liquid outlet pipe (8) stretching to the storing fermenting chamber (9) is arranged in the hydraulic pressure room (4); and the specification of the volume of the tank body can be confirmed based on the needs of the users.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the wall-clamped large constant-temperature methane trough, each of the auxiliary heat source systems comprises a heating layer (3) with a heating tube (4) at the bottom, and an annular heating trough (19) formed on the bottom end of the inner wall; where the heating tube and the heating trough are connected with a warming boiler (16) through a boiler pipeline; a bearing layer (1) is arranged under the heating layer; and an interlayer (2) is arranged between the bearing layer and the heating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition is in the form of pellets having a diameter of 3-25 mm, and the length of 1-5 cm. The composition comprises at least Miscanthus residues and palm wax mainly formed from hydrogenated palm oil, where the Miscanthus residue is present at at least 55 wt.% of the composition. Preferred Components: The vegetable wax mainly formed from hydrogenated oil of at least one plant and the plant of the family Poaceae are present at at least 60 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.% of the composition. The plant of the composition is present in the form of pieces having a diameter of 0.5-10 mm and a length of 1-50 mm. The vegetable wax is mainly formed from hydrogenated oil of at least one plant comprising soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, plants of Palmae family, preferably palm wax mainly formed from hydrogenated palm oil. The weight ratio of the plants and the vegetable wax in the composition is 30/70 to 70/30. The plants are present, in the composition in an amount expressed in weight percentage with respect to the total weight of the composition, at greater than the vegetable wax. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method for preparing biomass forming fuel rod comprises fermenting and heating the waste residue of Stevia rebaudiana monosaccharide, removing water, baking at 200-250 degrees C, crushing by a crusher after the moisture reaches 15-20%, cooling, reducing the temperature to 20-30 degrees C, and compressing to mold under 80-100 MPa to prepare a rod shaped product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The particle size of the gauge powder is 50-150 meshes. Preferred Method: The mixture of water-containing waste bacterial residue and gauge powder is agitated for 15-30 minutes and heated at 120-130 degrees C for 20-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metallic plates, the anodes, and the cathodes comprise stainless steel, titanium, nickel, platinum, cobalt coated metals, or other metallic materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The housing comprises acetal homopolymer resin, acetal copolymer or other high temperature resistant plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon dioxide sorbing and desorbing steps are primarily thermal swing driven operation steps. The carbon dioxide sorbing and desorbing steps are driven by a thermal swing operation in combination with a pressure swing operation. Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide has a partial pressure of greater than 0.5 kPA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange resin is a weakly basic type ion exchange resin. The weakly basic type ion exchange resin is a benzyl amine-co-polystyrene based resin. The weakly basic type ion exchange resin is a benzyl amine-co-polystyrene based resin produced by a phthalimide addition process. The ion exchange resin has a water content of 1-25 (preferably greater than 5 and less than 15) wt.%, based on the total weight of the resin. The ion exchange resin comprises beads having a mean particle size of 10-1000 (preferably 100-1000, especially 100-700) mu m. The ion exchange resin comprises beads having a uniformity coefficient of the distribution less than or equal to 1.2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The bio-based raw stock is wood, wood-based raw stock, straw, herbaceous biomass, biosludge, other solid biomass materials, and/or other types of bio- based raw stock. Preferred Method: The heat transfer material is led into contact with the bio-based raw stock in the fluidized-bed reactor. The heat transfer material is led to a heat exchanger provided inside the fluidized-bed reactor. The bio-based raw stock is heated in the fluidized-bed reactor with a dwell time of less than 5 minutes to form a solid biocarbon product. The bio-based raw stock is dried before the production of biocarbon product. The bio-based raw stock is washed before the production of biocarbon product to lower the ash content. The residual fractions and/or by-products formed in the production of biocarbon product are burned in the combustion boiler to produce energy fractions. The energy fractions are fed from the combustion boiler to the fluidized-bed reactor in the form of heat transfer material, steam, heat, and/or electricity. The solid biocarbon product fraction is pelletized. Binders and/or additives are added to the biocarbon product. Preferred Arrangement: The apparatus includes a separator device (4) for separating the heat transfer material (7) from biocarbon product, a dryer (5) for drying fraction (18) before the production of biocarbon product, and a unit for leading heat transfer material (6) to fraction (18) in the fluidized-bed reactor. A heat exchanger device is provided inside the fluidized-bed reactor for leading heat transfer material (6) to transfer heat from heat transfer material (6) to fraction (18). A unit is provided for leading residual and minor flows to the combustion boiler to be burned for producing energy fractions. Units (4,12) separate and circulate the combustion gases (11).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The gas is washed in shower water or warm water and then supplied to cultivating plant. The fermentation apparatus comprises fermentation portion for performing microbial process and dryer portion for drying the fermented material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Aluminum, stainless steel, and/or silver are mixed with tourmaline. Liparite consists of obsidian, pearlite and/or pitchstone. The content of aluminum is 10 parts weight of more with respect to 100 parts weight of water. Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to the particular type of water is contacted with aluminum. The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 0.1% or more, preferably 3% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ion-exchange resin is strongly acidic cation-exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In directly converting methane to methanol, the steps (a) and (b) are both carried out at ambient pressure. The method further comprises pre-treating the catalyst by heating the catalyst in a gaseous environment with continuous gas flow prior to step (a) and at a pre-treatment temperature range of 370-750 degrees C and at ambient pressure. The gaseous environment comprises less than 10 ppm water or less than 3 ppm water. The catalyst comprises a copper (Cu)-based zeolite. The oxygen-activated catalyst comprises at least one active site having an absorption band in the region of 18000-26500/cm. The absorption band is characterized by having an associated resonance enhanced Raman spectrum comprising oxygen-isotope dependent vibrational features in a first range of 425-475/cm and a second range of 845-895/cm, where the vibrational features in the second range are less intense compared to the vibrational features in the first range by a factor of at least two. The oxygen-activated catalyst comprises at least one active site having a mono-( mu -oxo)dicupric core. The first temperature or the second temperature are in a temperature range of 175-250 degrees C, of about 150-250 degrees C, of about 100-250 degrees C, or both the first and second temperature in the same temperature range. The oxidizing environment comprises less than 10 ppm water or less than 3 ppm water. Preferred Plant: The chemical processing plant further comprises: having (i) a methanol removing unit for removing the methanol from the passing unit, (ii) a unit for regenerating the active site in the oxygen-activated catalyst in an oxidizing environment comprising less than 10 ppm water or less than 3 ppm water and at temperatures in a range of 100-250 degrees C, or a combination. The oxygen-activated catalyst is stored in an atmosphere containing less than 10 ppm water or less than 3 ppm water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: In converting biomass into ethanol, the lignocellulosic biomass is from a source less than 100 miles from a location of the processing steps. The lignocellulosic biomass is from a source less than 40 miles from a location of the processing steps. Burning is conducted in a boiler. In isolation of energy, the solid residues and the concentrate are combined before drying. The lignocellulosic biomass is from a source less than 100 miles from a location of the production of ethanol. The lignocellulosic biomass is from a source less than 40 miles from a location of the production of ethanol. Concentrating comprises multiple effect evaporation. Concentrating comprises flash distillation. The process further comprises burning the burnable material on-site at a location of the production of ethanol to produce energy; and processing the burnable material to a particulate form. The particulate form is a pellet form. Recovering burnable fuel material further comprises processing the burnable fuel to a particulate form. The energy is heat, where the heat is supplied to a processing of a second amount of the biomass to produce ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen production inhibitor is neutralized material of phosphoric acid, phosphate, phosphoric acid ester compound, and/or phosphoric acid ester compound. The hydrogen-producing material is aluminum and/or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The individual straws of the rice straw are twisted against each other, twisted or intertwined with each other into a bundle (2). At least two bundles of the straws are twisted against each other or intertwined with each other, and thus form the main body. The main body is coated with an immersion in a liquid wax, preferably paraffin, and optionally impregnated. The main body is sprayed with wax or paraffin. The main body is trimmed to a length of 50-100 mm, preferably 70 mm. Preferred Components: The straw comprises rice straw. The main body has a diameter of 10-30 mm, preferably 20 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The change is detected by visual analysis. The method involves mixing a predetermined amount of base with the fuel sample. The change is saponification or a change in color. The method further involves adding a water and solvent soluble dye to the fuel sample; and adding a predetermined amount of potassium permanganate to the fuel sample. The change is detected by visual observation, a colorimeter, or a spectrophotometer. Preferred Components: The other diesel fuel is selected from ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel, low sulfur diesel fuel, and regular sulfur diesel fuel (preferably ULSD fuel). The solvent is selected from alcohols, low molecular weight ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, and nitriles (preferably isopropanol, denatured ethanol and water). The dye is selected from methylene blue, Congo red, and food coloring. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method of high hydrogen recovery, further comprises: directing at least part of the residue stream as fuel to an auxiliary heater, and combining the first high purity hydrogen product stream and the second high purity hydrogen product stream to produce a high purity hydrogen product stream; directing at least a portion of the high pressure residue-stream to the gasifier, as feed, directing the remaining portion of the residue stream, which is used as a fuel stream, and combining the first high purity hydrogen product stream and the second high purity hydrogen product stream to produce a high purity hydrogen product stream; and providing a feed stream, oxygen stream and water stream to the gasifier to produce a raw syngas stream, introducing the raw syngas stream into a shift reactor (306) to produce a shifted syngas stream, introducing the shifted syngas stream to an indirect contact heat exchanger to produce a cooled shifted syngas stream, where the shifted syngas stream exchanges heat with the high purity hydrogen product stream (syngas is cooled by raising steam or heating other process gases), introducing the cooled shifted syngas stream to an acid gas removal system to produce carbon dioxide stream, hydrogen sulfide stream, water stream and a purified syngas stream, and providing the purified syngas stream from the gasifier to first hydrogen separation device to producing a first high purity hydrogen stream and a first tail gas stream, where the first hydrogen separation device is a pressure swing adsorption device. Preferred Components: The second hydrogen separation device is pressure swing adsorption device or membrane-type separation device. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The submersible pump is detachable. A valve is arranged on the bottom pipeline of the fermenter and the outlet pipeline of the valve is connected with the discharge opening. A safety pipeline is connected between the discharge opening and the fermenting tank, and its one end is inserted below the liquid level of the fermenting tank for certain distance. The distance inserted in the liquid level of the fermenting tank is 5-50 cm. The fermenter is made of stainless steel material. The top cover of the fermenter is made of glass material and is transparent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the multifunctional processor of town sewage and sludge composting material, the spindle (2) is equipped with a small gear wheel (15), which is engaged with the inner gear ring (1) via an intermediate idle wheel (16) for driving the circular disk to rotate; and the crusher hammer (12) is for performing the hardened surface treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper semicircle is uniformly provided with 4 or 6 solar heat absorbing plates. The joint of the two semicircles is sealed by a sealing ring, where each fixing tank eave is provided with a fixing hole and is fixed by the bolt passing through the fixing hole. The feed port of the upper semicircle is provided with the fixing cover eave, which is uniformly provided with fixing hole corresponding to the sealing cover, and is fixed by the bolt passing through the fixing hole and the sealing ring. The tank body is prepared into various types. The outer layer of the upper semicircle is coated with a layer of solar heat absorbing materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The torrefied biomass material: comprises 4-12% of wet weight of bio-liquid; comprises ash content (1-2%), volatile matter (55-60%), fixed carbon (35-40%) and sulfur (0.1-1%); is provided in a particulate form; and is produced from a raw biomass material comprising hardwood, softwood, cellulosic waste agricultural materials, peat moss or industrial sludge, where the hardwood and softwood are provided in the form of chips, pellets or bark. The bio-liquid is: a vegetable oil, soybean oil or canola oil; or an animal tallow. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ether solvent used in steps (a) and (e) is 3-8C ether e.g. diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether (preferred) or di n-butyl ether. The ester solvent used in steps (a) and (e) is esters of 1-4C carboxylic acid e.g. methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate (preferred) or isobutyl acetate. The alcoholic solvent used in steps (b) and (d) is 1-4C alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol and/or tert-butanol. The reaction temperature in step (a) is -5 to 10 degrees C, and the reaction temperature in steps (b) and (e) is -10 to 10 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Clopidogrel camphor sulfonate salt (50 g) was taken in toluene at 20-30 degrees C. The aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate was added and stirred. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7-8.5. The layers were separated and aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (100 ml). The organic solvent was evaporated under vacuum to obtain oily mass. The oily mass was dissolved in methyl tert-butyl ether (1100 ml) at 20-30 degrees C. In another flask concentrated sulfuric acid (8 g) and n-butanol (100 ml) was mixed by stirring at -5 to 5 degrees C. To the resulting solution, methyl tert-butyl ether solution containing clopidogrel base was added within 2-3 hours. The resulting mass was stirred for 4-5 hours at -5 to 5 degrees C. The temperature was then raised to 20-30 degrees C and stirred for 32 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with methyl tert-butyl ether and dried under vacuum at 50-60 degrees C to give polymorphic form I of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (30 g, 99.86% purity).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The process further comprises: providing a wetting system, supported by the supporting system and equipped with a nozzle system, preferably having a temporized opening; periodically spraying the biofiltering matrix with water coming from the nozzle system; and providing a detecting/monitoring/adjusting system of the main operative parameters connected to the biofiltering unit, preferably connected to the wetting system and to a chimney, placed on the biofiltering unit, for sampling and measuring the emissions. Preferred Components: The biofiltering unit further comprises: a wetting system, supported by the supporting system and equipped with a nozzle system, preferably having a temporized opening, for wetting the biofiltering matrix; a detecting/monitoring/adjusting system of the main operative parameters connected to the biofiltering unit, preferably connected to the wetting system and to a chimney, placed on the biofiltering unit, for sampling and measuring the emissions. The permeable sheet consists of a fabric coupled to a plastic film, the coupling is preferably carried out by means of sticking or thermal welding. The fabric is a fabric of natural fiber or of synthetic fiber (preferably polyester). The plastic film consists of a plastic, preferably a polyethylene, film with very small pores having diameter of not less than 2 micron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The metal is present as an elemental metal, a metal carbonyl complex (preferred), a halogen salt or a nitrate salt. The metal carbonyl complex is manufactured in situ from carbon monoxide and the elemental metal, a salt of the metal or an oxide of the metal, where the metal is preferably cobalt, molybdenum, ruthenium or manganese. The catalyst is supported on carrier which is carbon, alumina, silica, mesoporous silica alumina, clays, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydrocalcite or magnesium hydrocalcite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out at 200-300 degrees C and under a pressure of 1-100 bar. The method further comprises: isomerization of the product or a fraction (which is obtained from the deoxygenation) at 200-500 degrees C under a pressure of 20-150 bar in the presence of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component and an acidic support with carrier; or hydrofinishing of the product or a fraction (which is obtained from the deoxygenation) at 50-400 degrees C under a pressure of 10-150 bar in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal on a carrier. EXAMPLE - A reactor was loaded with triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyst (5.3 g), palm oil (5 g), water (4.5 g) and sodium hydroxide (0.33 g). The reactor was pressurized to 80 bar of nitrogen for studying the tightness of the system. Then the reactor was depressurized and filled with carbon monoxide to a desired pressure (initially of 30 bar and then increased to 70 bar) at 250 degrees C. The reaction was carried out for 24 hours to produce 15C paraffins (8.5%), 17C paraffins (16.9%), hydrocarbons (52.3%), esters (1.2%), palmitic acid (19%) and stearic acid (18.6%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) accompanies counter anions comprising a halide, hexafluorophosphate, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The negative applied potential is 1-1.4 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode which at pH 7 corresponds to an overpotential of 0.6-1 V. The electrolyte is sodium phosphate or potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is seawater. Preferred Definitions:    M = Mo (preferred), Fe, V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu or W;    W1 = CH3; and    A2- = (I-)2 or (PF6-)2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (I) is specifically claimed i.e. molybdenum complex of formula (((PY)5(CH3)2)MoO)2+ (PF6)2-) (Ia).    EXAMPLE - Acetonitrile solution (20 ml) of thallium hexafluorophosphate (401 mg) was added dropwise to a stirred acetonitrile solution of formula ((PY5CH32)MoO)I2 (465 mg), and the mixture was stirred in air for 12 hours. The solution was cooled to 0 degrees C and filtered to remove the yellow thallium iodide, and the bright green filtrate was concentrated to a volume of 20 ml under reduced pressure. The diethylether vapor was diffused into the solution over the course of 3 days to give molybdenum complex (Ia) (95%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel oxide is 50-80 %mass. The content of chromium oxide and/or copper chromite is 1-10 %mass. The nickel coated degree on surface of modified inorganic oxide particles is 1-4%. The inorganic oxide particles are silica, diatomaceous earth or colloidal silica. The slurry contains (in parts mass) inorganic oxide carrier (100), nickel-containing compound (280-450) and chromium oxide and/or copper chromite (10-45). The nickel-containing compound is chosen from basic carbonate, carbonate, oxide, acetate, hydroxide or nickel metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen source is supplied as the waste heat via a heating pipe. A hydrothermal catalytic reactor is provided as the hydrogen source, where the hydrogen-containing insert is implemented. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided as the fuel cell. The electrolyzer and/or the fuel cell are thermally coupled with the hydrogen source by the heating pipe. Preferred Method: The hydrogen produced in the hydrogen source is stored completely or partially in the hydrogen storage, or directly supplied to the fuel cell for generating the electrical energy. The method comprises regulating the electrical energy to be stored. The hydrogen source is connected with the fuel cell in such a manner that the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen source is directly supplied as the fuel to the fuel cell or after the temporarily storage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is bacteria, preferably Flavobacterium. The Flavobacterium is F.frigidimaris. The aldehyde dehydrogenase comprises a 501 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low melting metal is tin, bismuth, indium, gallium, lead, cadmium, and/or antimony. Preferred Process: Hydrogen is generated by contacting alloy with water at 10-90 degrees C, and selectively reacting aluminum in the alloy with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the courtyard device of seesaw type for composting organic garbage, the ventilating hole of the primary fermenting chamber and that of the secondary fermenting chamber are bar-shaped ventilating holes; the seesaw is a flat plate; and the two ends of the seesaw are respectively equipped with a handrail.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the methane flower and tree bottle, the bottle cover is a W-shaped downward sinking body; the cover center and the concave parts of the cover are set with holes; the funnel bottle is a funnel-shaped opening container; the leaking tube on the funnel bottle downward stretches in a shrinking manner; the funnel bottle with large hole diameter can be sleeved at the outside part of an overflowing tube on the water storing bottle; the eccentric part of the funnel bottle is set with a gas discharging valve; the water storing bottle is an opening container having bottom part that is set with a high level overflowing tube; when the water storing bottle is superposed with the funnel bottle, the opening part can be hermetically connected with the bottom part of the funnel bottle; the leaking tube is sleeved with the overflowing tube so that the water storing bottle of the flower vase forms into an oxygen separating chamber capable of producing methane; the upper part of the water storing bottle is set with a material feeding tube; the skirt part of the water storing bottle is set with a semi-circular opening; and multiple monomer flower vases can be overlapped in building block manner to form a methane flower and tree bottle in building block type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The environmental temperature is 23-25 degrees C; and fermentation temperature is 45-70 degrees C. The amount of fermenting material is 0.5-10 L. The biological microbial inoculum is fertilizer biological fermentation microbial inoculum, which is directly supplied from a factory.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The special fertilizer is obtained by mixing nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and microbial organic fertilizer. Preferred Components: The nitrogenous fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or diammonium phosphate. The phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate. The potash fertilizer is potassium chloride which contains potassium oxide (60 wt.%). The main component of the microbial organic fertilizer is the mixture of excrement of human being or animal and organic substance. The concentration of excrement of human being or animal is 4 %mass and concentration of organic substance is 50 %mass with respect to the microbial organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied to rice field, where the mass ratio of fertilizer to tillering fertilizer is 4:1 (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-fixing fertilizer comprises cow manure, straw, lake mud, carbon powder, starch, rotten leaves and nitrogen-fixing bacteria mixed in the proportion of 30%:15%:15%:15%:5%:19.99%:0.01%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The industrial waste heat is obtained from metallurgy, electric power or cement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong solid Bronsted acid catalyst is represented by formula HkXlMmOnxH2O (I). The strong solid Bronsted acid catalyst is selected from aqueous composite of hydrogen, tungsten and oxygen, aqueous composite of hydrogen, tungsten and oxygen, aqueous composite of hydrogen, silicon, tungsten and oxygen, aqueous composite of hydrogen, phosphorus, tungsten and oxygen, aqueous composite of hydrogen, molybdenum and oxygen, aqueous composite of hydrogen, silicon, molybdenum and oxygen or aqueous composite of hydrogen, phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium and oxygen. The strong solid Bronsted acid catalyst is used in form of salt. The salt of strong solid Bronsted acid is selected from cesium salt, potassium salt, rubidium salt or ammonium salt of strong solid Bronsted acid.x=heteroatom, particularly P, Si, Ge, B, or As;M=W, Mo or V;l=1 or 2;k=1-10; andn=2-60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alcohol is primary alcohols, preferably ethanol. The glycerol fatty acid ester is selected from di- or tri-ethers of glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The piling process comprises automatic ventilating piling, or is performed by controlling oxygen supply in a specific reactor. Carbon source material is added before the inoculation step. The pH value of the material is adjusted using quicklime or white lime. One third of the biogas residue is served as inoculation material to reflow to the inoculation stage after the end of the fermentation, and the remaining two third of the material is used for aerobic composting. The biogas residue becomes thoroughly decomposed after 10-15 days when the oxygen concentration in the pile is controlled to 8% or more. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel modifier comprises (in vol.%): alkylphenol ethoxylates (75), dimethyl carbonate (16), ethyl oleate (6) and butyl phenol (3). The methanol comprises (in vol.%): denatured methanol (15-30, preferably 20), diesel fuel mixture (67-80, preferably 75) and diesel fuel modifier (3-5, preferably 5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfoacid ion liquid is of formulae (i)-(vi).m=1, 2, 3 or 5;n=2, 3 or 4;andX-=HSO4-, CH3COO-, BF4-, PF6-, CF3SO3-, CH3SO3-, HCOO-, Cl-, NO3-, CF3CO2-, HSO3-, HCO3- or CH3(C5H4)SO3-.Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of catalyst with respect to fatty acid is 1-20:100. The molar ratio of alcohol with respect to fatty acid is 1-30:1. The fatty acid is oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid, myristic acid and/or stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises (in %): polyhydroxyalkanoates (1-90, preferably 10-50), diatomite (1-80, preferably 10-50), fertilizer material (0-60, preferably 0-40), humic acid (1-80, preferably 10-40), and auxiliaries (0-40, preferably 1-20). The fertilizer material is phosphate fertilizer (0-20%) and nitrogen fertilizer (0-20%). The phosphate fertilizer is animal stool, fish bone meal, beast bone meal, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen calcium, calcium magnesium phosphate, ammonium phosphate or their mixtures. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate or their mixture. The polyhydroxyalkanoates is homopolymer or copolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates. The homopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates is 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer or 4-hydroxybutyrate polymer. The copolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates is 3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate polymer, copolymer of glycolic acid and pentanoic acid, or 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate. The humic acid is biochemical humic acid or mineral humic acid. The auxiliary is starch, talc, calcium carbonate, lime, gypsum, montmorillonite, kaolinite, brucite, wood powder, straw, bentonite, fly ash, shell powder, crustacean powder, or their mixture. The fertilizer is in particulate form. The particle size of the fertilizer is 0.2-3 mm. The remediation plant is ferns chosen from buckwheat, sunflower, corn, Arundo donax, soybean, wild garland Chrysanthemum, herbs and flowering plants. The herbs are chosen from ryegrass, Euphorbia thymifolia, centipede grass, alfalfa, Sedum alfredii. The flowering plant is Dicranostigma leptopodum and purple jasmine. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied at a dose of 0.1-2 tons/mu.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is palladium-carbon mixture. The content of palladium in palladium-carbon mixture is 5 wt.%. The content of catalyst is 1-2 wt.% of the content of alpha -bromohydroxyacetophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is ethanol, diethyl ether or benzene, preferably ethanol (40-80 wt.%). The ratio of content of alpha -bromo hydroxyacetophenone to content of solvent is 1:5-20. The weight ratio of alpha -bromo hydroxyacetophenone to ethylamine is 1:1-1:1.2. The alcohol solvent is methanol or ethanol, preferable methanol (60-90 wt.%). The weight ratio of alpha -bromo hydroxyacetophenone to alcohol solvent is 1:5-20. Preferred Process: The washing process is carried out using ethanol (95 wt.% or more) or methanol (90 wt.% or more).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises (in wt.%): seedvax (8), thiram (8), chlorpyrifos (10), humic acid (15), xanthan gum (7), bentonite (7), defoaming agent (2), warning color (1.5) and water (remainder). The xanthan gum, defoaming agent and warning color are food level raw materials. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The raw materials are pre-processed using metal hydroxides and alkali solution (0.3-1.0%) for 15-24 hours. The nutrient solution is potato-glucose nutrient solution. The nutrient solution is obtained by peeling and slicing potato into slices, boiling the sliced potato using water for 25-35 minutes, filtering the boiled mixture and adding 5-15% of glucose to the obtained filtrate to obtain potato fermentation medium. The S.cerevisiae culture liquid is cultured at 29-31 degrees C for 12-18 hours. The nutrient solution is cultured until the concentration of the solution becomes 108-109 (colony forming units) cfu/ml to obtain the strain liquid. The pH of the fermentation medium is adjusted to 6.8-7.2, preferably 4-5 using citric acid solution and alkali metal oxide solution. The sludge is subjected to anaerobic digestion process for 40-50 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises (in wt.%): Cycocel (RTM: Chlormequat) (55), DA-6 (0.5), emulsifier (8), surfactant (6), stabilizer (6) and deionized water (24.6). ACTIVITY - Plant growth regulant.    ADMINISTRATION - The agent (80-100 ml) is mixed with water (30-40 kg), and sprayed on the leaves during the expanding stage based on 30 kg for each mu (one Chinese mu is equal to 1/6 of an acre), where the spraying process is performed twice, and the second spraying process is performed after 7-10 days of the first spraying process. The agent is applied to the sweet potato having strong growth of the ground portion: Ji potato 18, Xu potato 18 or Shang potato 0110 (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The further treatment after step (d) comprises an aerobic treatment and/or drying. The separation according to step (b) takes place by screening. Preferred Components: The predetermined size of the waste parts is on average of 60-120 (preferably 80) mm. The average size of the waste parts of the organic-rich fine fraction is less than 10-45 mm, preferably less than 30 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: In treating household waste, sewage treatment plant sludge, garden waste and the like, the elements which have passed through the meshes of the second drum (T2) are subjected to an air-based or aeraulic sorting (3) in order to separate light elements, specifically of plastics material, which are recovered. The heavier elements are directed towards a sorting station (H), then are subjected to a magnetic sorting (4), in order to recover ferrous metallic elements, then are sorted (5) by eddy currents for recovery of non-ferrous metallic elements, in particular elements of aluminum or light metal alloy. A manual sorting is additionally provided. The non-metallic elements, in particular board and/or paper and organic waste, are subjected to a crushing stage (6), then to a mixing and humidification stage (7) with non-metallic elements deriving from the sorting (5) by eddy currents. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises an air-based or aeraulic sorting station (3) for elements which have passed through the meshes of the second drum, in order to separate light elements, specifically of plastics material. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-polar fuel components is selected from gasoline, diesel, kerosene, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Fischer-Tropsch gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, marine diesel, crude oil and its derivatives, alkyl peroxides or alkyl nitrates. The amphiphilic component is selected from organic molecules having carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fatty acids, hydrophilic ammonium salts, polyalkoxylated fats, esters, alcohols, polysorbates, carboxylates, and amphiphilic block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The element of group VIII is platinum and/or palladium. The catalyst comprises a noble metal content of 0.01-10 wt.%. The catalyst comprises at least one metal of group VIB in combination with at least one non-noble metal of group VIII, where the metal content of group VIB encompasses, in oxide equivalent, 5-40 wt.%, and the content of non-noble metal of group VIII encompasses, in oxide equivalent, 0.5-10 wt.%. The non-noble element of group VIII is iron, cobalt and/or nickel. The element of group VIB is tungsten or molybdenum. The zeolite is zeolites Y, ZSM-48, ZBM-30, IZM-1 and/or COK-7, where the initially used zeolite is the Y zeolite. The alkaline cation that belongs to the groups IA and IIA introduced in stage (a) is sodium ion (Na+) (preferred), lithium ion (Li+), potassium ion (K+), rubidium ion (Rb+), cesium ion (Cs+), barium ion (Ba2+) and calcium ion (Ca2+). The content of alkaline cations remaining in the modified zeolite at the end of stage (c) is such that the alkaline cation/aluminum molar ratio is 0.2:1-0.01:1, preferably 0.15:1-0.02:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular compound that contains at least one silicon atom that is used in the treatment stage (b) is silicon containing hydrocarbon compounds of formulae (Si-R4) and (Si2-R6).R4, R6 = H, OH, alkyl, aryl, acyl, alkoxy or halo. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The polysaccharide is a polysaccharide containing uronic acid unit. The polysaccharide comprises uronic acid unit (5-70%) with respect to all saccharide units. The polysaccharide is chosen from polygalacturonic acid, xanthan gum and hyaluronic acid. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is chosen from Penicillium sp., Phialemonium sp., Fluvicola sp., Pedobacter sp., Paenibacillus sp., Cohnella sp., Pseudoxanthomonas sp., Brevundimonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Sphingomonas sp., Novosphingobium sp., Sphingopyxis sp., Microbacterium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., Sphingobacterium sp., Xanthomonadaceae sp., Devosia sp., Prosthecomicrobium sp. and Flexibacteraceae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves subjecting wastewater containing organic compound to Fischer-Tropsch process. The anaerobic-biological-treatment tank is a processing tank of an upward flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The aerobic-organism processing tank is membrane bioreactor (MBR) provided with the solid-liquid separation unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The extract from wood prior to Kraft cooking is not practiced. The alcohol plant is integrated with the host Kraft pulp mill plant process to minimize the heat loss from extracting hemicelluloses and the energy used in the process. The steam is used for extracting hemicelluloses from biomass. The biomass is compressed to a moisture content of less than or equal to 60% after the extraction. The biomass extract is concentrated using vapor compression evaporation. The hydrolyzed extract is evaporated using vapor compression evaporation. The vapor compression evaporation is performed below acetic acid dissociation pH of 4.8. The acetate product is recovered. In the process, a multiple-effect evaporator is integrated with an alcohol distillation beer column; and distillation column bottoms are evaporated and combusted to achieve zero-liquid discharge. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The bacteria are Hyphomicrobium, Leptothrix and Pandoraea. Preferred Component: The metal ion is chosen from copper ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, manganese ion, nickel ion, selenium ion and strontium ion, preferably copper ion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilized chlorine dioxide and cationic surfactant are supported on an inorganic carrier. The cationic surfactant is a surfactant containing chlorine in the structure. The surfactant is alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or benzalkonium chloride. The inorganic carrier has weak alkalinity in water, where the carrier is chosen from bentonite, volcano ballast granular material, sepiolite and zeolite. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganism is Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mineral is silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding polyvinylidene chloride filler into the cultivation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fuel is obtained by co-culturing the Parachlorella sp. binos with oil-and-fat yeast. The drying is carried out by air drying which ventilates recovered substance at 50 degrees C or in less wind. The Parachlorella sp. binos stores propionic acid and 2,2-dimethyl ester. The fuel emits heat of 5000 kilo calories or more per kg of dried material. The biomass fuel is liquid combustible fuel. The liquid fuel is obtained by extraction and/or distillation using water. The liquid combustible fuel comprises lower alcohol containing ethanol and chlorophyll a as main components and long chain alcohol. The fuel is recovered using coagulant including cellulose, where the coagulant settles down to-be-recovered product to culture solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The detergent is alkali, alkaline earth metal or hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylates, phenates, sulfonates, stearates, naphthanates and/or carboxylates. The antioxidant is hindered phenolic antioxidants, hindered aminic antioxidants and/or oil-soluble metal complex antioxidants.The organic base is nitrogen-containing bases of formulae (R1-N(R2)-A1-(N(R3)-(A2))n-(N(R4)-A3)m-N(R5)-R6), (R7-C(R7)(NH2)-(CH2)x-(C(R7)(NH2)-(CH2)y)z-R7), (R1a-N(R2a)-Z) and/or (-(CH2-(CH2)n-N(R)2)y).R1-R6 = 1-30C alkyl, 5-8C cycloalkyl, 1-20C alkylcarboxyl or 2-8C cyano-alkyl;A1-A3 = 2-12C alkylene and/or 6-12C arylene;n, m = 0-30;R7 = 1-10C alkyl, 5-10C cycloalkyl, 7-10C aryl, 7-10C aryl alkyl or 7-10C alkylaryl;x-z = 0-20;R1a, R2a = 1-30C alkyl, 3-30C branched, 3-30C unsaturated alkyl, 6-30C aryl, 7-30C arylalkyl, 7-20C alkylaryl, 5-30C cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl or 5-30C poly alkyl;Z = R;n, y = 1-6; andR = not defined.Preferred Composition: The premix contains the organic base, the antioxidant and the detergent in a weight ratio of 0.5-10:0.5-40:2-80. Preferred Process: The premix is added to the lubricating oil in an amount of 0.5-20 wt.%. The premix is added to the biodiesel fuel in an amount of 0.1-7 wt.% based on the total weight of the biodiesel fuel plus additives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from quinoxaline-type curing agent, thiourea-type curing agent, triazine-type curing agent and bisphenol-type curing agent. The quinoxaline-type curing agent is chosen from 2,3-dimercapto quinoxaline, quinoxaline-2,3-dithiocarbonate, 6-methyl-quinoxaline-2,3-dithiocarbonate and 5,8-dimethyl quinoxaline-2,3-dithiocarbonate. The thiourea-type curing agent is chosen from 2-mercapto imidazoline (ethylene thiourea), 1,3-diethyl thiourea, 1,3-dibutyl thiourea, and trimethyl thiourea. The triazine-type curing agent is chosen from 2,4,6-tri mercapto 1,3,5-triazine, 2-hexyl amino-4,6-dimercapto triazine, 2-diethylamino-4,6-dimercapto triazine, 2-cyclohexyl amino-4,6-dimercapto triazine, 2-dibutyl amino-4,6-dimercapto triazine, 2-anilino-4,6-dimercapto triazine and 2-phenylamino-4,6-dimercapto triazine. The bisphenol-type curing agent is chosen from bisphenol AF-type curing agent and bisphenol S-type curing agent. The acid receiving agent is metallic compound and/or inorganic microporous crystal. The biodiesel fuel contains fatty acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Facilitating removal of a bio-organic stain from a surface further comprises addition of one or more additives to the curable polymeric coating. The average particle size of particles of the amylase in the curable polymeric coating is in the range of 1 nm to 10 mu m (average diameter). The surface activity of the cured polymeric coating is 0.1 Unit/cm2. The bio-organic stain comprises starch or food, where the food comprises light mayonnaise, barbeque sauce, tartar sauce, potato, and/or fruit. The solvent has a log P of -0.5 to 2. The method further comprises applying the curable polymeric coating containing an amylase or its analog to a substrate prior to curing. Curing comprises thermal curing. Curing also comprises curing using actinic radiation. Preferably, the amylase is an alpha -amylase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer resin is a hydroxyl-functionalized acrylate resin. The cross-linker is a polyisocyanate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The straw is selected from corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, rape straw, cured tobacco straw, sawdust, leaves, barks, edible fungus residue or traditional Chinese medicine extraction dreg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The animal antibacterial medicine is florfenicol. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding the powder or liquid fish inducing agent in the liquid antibacterial fishing medicine and stirring it uniformly between the step (iii) and the step (iv). The animal antibacterial medicine in the step (iii) is florfenicol. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The anaerobe is Bacillus, which can generate methane and acetic acid bacteria. The aerobe in the aerobic tank comprises Vorticella and rotifer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The chemical preparation added in the secondary sedimentation basin comprises polymeric aluminum and polyacrylamide. The flow ratio of the inflow to the backwater of the bottom flow in the primary sedimentation basin is 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the nitrifying bacteria CCTCC No: M2010001 to nitrosobacteria CCTCC No: M2010002 is 0.5-2:1. Preferred Method: The application of the mixed microbial inoculum comprises: inoculating the microbial inoculum to an anaerobic tank of a sewage treatment station, operating the anaerobic tank for 5-10 days to obtain an acclimatized active sludge, and utilizing the acclimatized active sludge to treat waste water containing ammonia and nitrogen under aerobic condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The domestic sewage flows through a digestion tank by a sewage pipe, collected by a pipe net, domestic sewage flows into a screen well to intercept large particle suspensions and flows into an adjusting pond, sewage in the adjusting pond is lifted by a pump, and anaerobic hydrolysis pre-treatment is carried out. The organic matters in the sewage or sludge are decomposed to methane and carbon dioxide produced by anaerobic bacteria or amphimicrobe under anaerobic condition, where the organic matters are decomposed and the sludge is deposited. The anaerobic pre-treatment is uniformly distributed to a filter layer, organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus are absorbed and decomposed by well-developed plant root system and microbial community in an overburden layer of the upper layer of the filler layer, where the plants absorb the eutrophic matters in the sewage by photosynthesis. Preferred Plant: The aquatic plants are water lily, lotus, Victoria amazonica or Nuphar bornetii.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The additive is chosen from glucose, Yucca extract, calcium oxide and iron sulfide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction process is performed at 10-100 degrees C. The calcium-containing matter is calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The ratio of the calcium-containing matter and ammonium chloride is 1:1. The particle size of the calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is 0.01-150x 104 microns. The ball milling, grinding or crushing time is performed for 60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Nine strains of high-activity nitrobacteria is chosen from aerobic active sludge of denitrification wastewater treatment system, in which six strains are Nitrobacter and three strains are nitrifying coccus. The soft polyurethane foam has spherical shape and diameter of 0.5-1 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of solvent used is 5 folds of benzopyrrole acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Crop straw is cut to a length of 9-10 cm in winter. Rabbit manure, pig manure, plant ash, and crop straw are mixed uniformly and piled. Quick lime is added to the material in spring. After piling, the materials are covered by a plastic cloth with a thickness of 5 mm. The plastic cloth is coated with mud with a thickness of 8-12 cm, high-temperature fermentation is carried out in summer, and the plastic cloth is removed in autumn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material of normal carbon molecular sieve is carbon-rich material. The carbon-rich material is coal, phenolic resin or coconut shell. Preferred Process: The secondary activating process involves taking potassium hydroxide (10-30%) as activating agent, immersing the normal carbon molecular sieve for 2 hours, cooling in inert gas environment and introducing steam to remove the deposited potassium, or taking carbon dioxide as activating agent, providing the normal carbon molecular sieve into a tube-type furnace reactor, introducing carbon dioxide (purity of more than 99.9%) through inert gas, activating at 550-850 degrees C for 1-10 hours, controlling burn-off rate at 0.1-30% and cooling under inert gas environment. The introduced amount of carbon dioxide is 200 ml/g of normal carbon molecular sieve. Preferred Properties: The secondary activating process adjusts the pore diameter of carbon molecular sieve by activating agent. The product has burn-off rate of 0.1-30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The buffer solutions in the step (i) and (ii) are sodium ascorbyl phosphate buffer solution. The powdery carriers in the step (i) and (ii) are bentonite, straw powder, calcium carbonate or kieselguhr. The sealing device in the step (iv) is plastic bag, rubber bag or sealing fermentation tank. The organic waste in the step (iii) is a mixture combined by urban home garbage, live stock manure and straw according to 7-8:0.5-1.5:1.5-2.5 weight proportion. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The porous rare-earth metal organic framework material is crystal material of tetragonal crystal system and has P(4)3 space group. Preferred Composition: The rare-earth metal is scandium, yttrium, ytterbium or lutetium. Preferred Process: The colorless rare-earth metal framework material is immersed into methanol for 24-36 hours, filter-dried at 20-150 degrees C and calcined for 2-10 hours at 200-400 degrees C. The solvent is removed and water molecule is coordinated to the terminal group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is N,N'-dimethylformamide, N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N,N'-diethylformamide or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant accelerating agent comprises lipophilic dihydropyridine ester and hydrophilic cysteamine. The biological antioxidant is chosen from vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc methionine, chromium picolinate, yeast selenium, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and their mixtures. The carrier is starch. ACTIVITY - Endocrine-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing fertilizer having microelements with manure of domestic animals, crop residues, green manure, manure of human beings and livestock and biogas slurry, stirring, regulating temperature, moisture, air, pH value and carbon/nitrogen ratio, inoculating and culturing straw solubilizing microorganisms, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphobacteria, potassium bacteria, yield increasing fungus, antibiotic bacteria and endogonaceae mold, after the quantity of viable and effective microbial population is maximal, transplanting the above culture into soil as basic fertilizer, where microorganisms in soil are activated rapidly, and then microorganisms propagate and proliferate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is chosen from plant seed, straw, wood, pasture, rice shell, bagasse, sawdust, wood crap, seaweed, garbage and animal dejection, preferably straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic cracking catalyst is molecular sieve chosen from Y-type zeolite, USY-type zeolite, HZSM-5 type zeolite, ZSM-5 type zeolite, REUSY1 type zeolite and REUSY2 type zeolite, or silica-alumina catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The biomass is crushed, before mixing with oxygen-containing organic solvent and catalytic cracking catalyst. The method further involves separating the obtained biomass oil to generate light oil and heavy oil. Preferred Components: The oxygen-containing organic solvent is chosen from 1-4C alcohol, 2-6C ether, 3-6C ketone, 1-4C aldehyde and 2-6C ester, preferably methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl ether, epoxypropane, methyl tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, acetone, butanone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or propyl acetate, more preferably ethanol. The light oil comprises propyl butyrate and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. The heavy oil comprises butylated hydroxytoluene, ethyl palmitate and ethyl 9,12-octadecadienoate. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of straw, catalyst and ethanol is 3-70:0.1-5:25-97. Preferred Properties: The light oil has boiling point of 65-350 degrees C. The heavy oil has boiling point of 330-680 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol ether, Span (RTM: Sorbitan fatty acid esters) or their mixture in the proportion of 2:1. Preferred Method: The specific temperature in step (a) is 50-70 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fiber mesh layer is formed from polypropylene. Aquatic weed simulative biological carrier further comprises 2-6 wt.% of active carbon fiber and 94-98 wt.% of polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of Raney-nickel is 5-100 wt.%, preferably 20-80 wt.% of 1-(4-benzyoxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyamino)ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 1-(4-benzyoxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyamino)ethanol to formic acid is 1:1-1:100, preferably 1:20-1:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsifying agent is polyethylene glycol. The weight ratio of biodiesel, polyethylene glycol, formic acid, and hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.02:0.09:0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene is isolated from T.onnurineus. Preferred Gene: The fructose-bisphosphate aldolase is produced by constructing recombinant vector containing fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene, transforming the vector into host bacteria (colon bacillus) and separating the bacterial cell containing fructose-bisphosphate aldolase which comprises 235 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2)fully defined in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The extract of H.trionum, and C.auriculatum is obtained by alcohol. The mass/volume ratio of extract to solvent (95%), co-solvent and emulsifier are respectively 1:1.3-5, 0.3-3, and 1:0.3-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-solvent is fulvic acid. The emulsifier is Tween-80 (RTM: Polysorbate-80). ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Hydrothermal treatment is performed at 300-450 degrees C for 1-10 hours. Hydrothermal treatment is performed at 250-450 degrees C for 0.5-10 hours, and at 150-200 degrees C for 1-10 hours. The steam comprises 1-50% of ammonia. Sodium is removed from silica gel before or after hydrothermal treatment. The sodium content in silica gel after removing sodium is less than 500 mg/g. The content of active component in catalyst is 15-40%. The active component is loaded on silica gel carrier by immersing for 1-5 times. Auxiliary agent is immersed before or during immersing active component. The auxiliary agent is chosen from rhenium, zirconium and cerium. The amount of auxiliary agent is 0.5-10 wt.% of catalyst. The active component is loaded on silica gel carrier using two times of immersing solutions with different pH values.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The industrial wastewater from the primary tower and rectifying tower enters the wastewater desilter to eliminate the lower layer sediment. The upper layer clear liquid is converted into the secondary steam by the wastewater evaporating device. The method involves fermenting the furfural slag by mixing the furfural slag with water at 35-55 degrees C, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 4.5-7, adding cellulose to the obtained mixture, performing enzymolysis reaction for 70-100 hours, filtering the enzymolysis liquid and adding nitrogen source substance for digesting and sterilizing the liquid, inoculating strains at 35-41 degrees C, preferably 34-39 degrees C, performing anaerobic digestion for 48-72 hours and separating the fermenting liquid to obtain the acetone and butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chemical fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): nitrogen (5-30), phosphorus pentoxide (2.5-25) and potassium oxide (2-30) as active components. The nitrogen is obtained from urea, ammonium sulfate and/or diammonium phosphate. The phosphorus is obtained from calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate and/or monopotassium phosphate. The potassium is obtained from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and/or monopotassium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): biogas liquid (707), photosynthetic bacteria strain (3), chitosan (15), synergistic agent (5), trace element mixture (40), urea N46 (80), phosphoric acid P50 (50), potassium sulfate K50 (50), natural plant essence (50), formulation 2: biogas liquid (687), photosynthetic bacteria strain (3), chitosan (15), synergistic agent (5), trace element mixture (40), urea N46 (80), phosphoric acid P50 (50), potassium sulfate K50 (50), potassium chloride K50 (100) and natural plant essence (20). The trace element mixture is mixture of borax (60%), ammonium molybdate (10%) and ferrous sulfate (30%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises formulation A containing (in parts weight): fermented livestock manure and/or biogas residue (345), -nitrogen-fixing agent (10), phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving composite bacteria (10), humic acid (200), amino acid (200), synergistic agent (5) and trace element mixture (40), or formulation B containing fermented livestock manure and/or biogas slag (345), nitrogen-fixing agent (10), phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving composite bacteria (10), humic acid (200), solid amino acid (200), synergistic agent (5), trace element mixture (40), urea (100), monoammonium phosphate (100) and potassium sulfate (0-100). The trace element mixture is mixture of borax (60%), ammonium molybdate (10%) and ferrous sulfate (30%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dining table garbage comprises (1) good quality product of large, medium and small restaurants, where the products include pigwash, bone, dinner leftovers, waste leaves, stems and roots, (2) residues of meat factory of food processing factory and rotten meat product, (3) garbage in slaughterhouse including thrown abdominal organs and blood, (4) animal garbage in market hall including as abdominal organs, skin and fur of chicken, duck and fish. The plant residues include (1) residues of fallen leaves, dried flower generated by greening of city gardening, (2) wooden meal and fragrant generated while processing wood, (3) fresh Platycodon grandiflorum and weed of the plants, (4) residues generated while processing bamboo and valueless bamboo. The animal excrement comprises excrement obtained from large poultry of chickens, ducks or pigs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The composite biological bacteria is chosen from epiphytic bacteria, Streptomyces antibioticus, Saccharomyces, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, desulfurized bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) copolymer is produced by weighing 2-95% of caprolactone monomer, 2-95% of glycolide monomer and 3-40% of polyethylene glycol 100 and vitamin E succinate in polymerizing apparatus as raw materials. 0.1-1% of catalyst is also added in the reaction mixture at 140-160 degrees C for 12-20 hours in sealed polymerizing apparatus for obtaining the TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) copolymer rough product (I) and (II) with molecular weight of 3600-51000. The obtained rough products are dissolved in dichloromethane or ethyl acetate, in which methanol or petroleum ether is also added to settle the TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) copolymer. The reaction mixture is filtered and then vacuum dried at 30-50 degrees C for obtaining the TPGS-b-(PCL-ran-PGA) copolymer (I) and (II) with molecular weight of 3600-51000. The catalyst is stannous octoate, organic carbamidine, zinc metal, tributyl tin chloride, iron acetylacetonate, zinc lactate, nanometer zinc oxide, taurine, iron ethoxide, iron n-propoxide, iron iso-propoxide or iron n-butoxide. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The formulation is prepared by (a) obtaining waste cotton seeds from mushroom bag, crushing the seeds, adding water to the seed powder, adjusting water content to 70%, piling the mixture, coating the mixture using film, pressing edges of the product, fermenting the product for 60 days or more, turning the product for every 7-10 days, and supplementing water, and (b) drying the obtained product, crushing the product, sieving the powder using screen having 5 mm diameter, and removing big residues and wastes from the product. The diameter of the vermiculite is 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water dispersible granule comprises (in wt.%): pymetrozine (10-75), dispersant (5-25), disintegrating agent (5-15), wetting agent (1-15), adhesive (1-5) and stuffing agent (100). Preferred Components: The dispersant is chosen from sodium dinaphthylmethane disulfonate, polyoxyethylene ether fatty acid, sodium fatty acid sulfonate, coconut oil sodium sulfonate, polycarboxylate and hexadecyne fatty acid sodium sulfate. The disintegrating agent is carboxymethyl starch sodium, inorganic salt or povidone. The wetting agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, para-methoxy alkyl amido sodium benzene sulfonate or sodium butyl benzene sulfonate. The adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol or gum Arabic. The stuffing agent is inorganic salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The nutrient solution comprises (in mg/l): 56.25 micronsol/l of iron (Fe++) (2), 9.38 micronsol/l of manganese (Mn++) (0.5), 45.45 micronsol/l of boron (0.5), 0.75 umol/l of zinc (Zn++) (0.05), 0.5 micronsol/l of copper (Cu++) (0.03 mg/l) and 0.5 micronsol/l of molybdenum (Mo) (0.05).Preferred Components: The fertilizer is chosen from phosphoric acid, nitric acid, urea and their mixture. The fertilizer further comprises calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, Na2Fe-EDTA, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and their mixtures. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Zeolite particles are deca-dodecasil-3R (DDR)-type zeolite. The molar ratio of 1-adamantanamine with respect to silica in sol is 0.002-0.5. The molar ratio of water with respect to silica in the sol is 10-500. The zeolite particles are dispersed in an organic solvent or organic-solvent aqueous solution, preferably ethanol or ethanol aqueous solution, during manufacture of zeolite film. The solid content concentration of slurry is 1 %mass or less. Preferred Property: The zeolite film has thickness of 10 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lipase is 5-30 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The detergent and the antioxidant are premixed before adding to the biodiesel fuel at 0.1-7 (preferably 0.2-2) wt.% or to the lubricating oil at 0.5-20 (preferably 5-15) wt.%. Preferred Components: The alkali metal is sodium or potassium, the alkaline earth metal is magnesium or calcium and the hydrocarbyl substituent is 4-20C branched alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C aryl alkyl, 7-20C alkyl aryl, which can be substituted with a sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen heteroatom either in the carbon skeleton or by heteroatom-containing substituent group, or 1-20C alkyl amine, which is a 12C primary amine (preferred) where the nitrogen is attached to a tertiary carbon atom. The detergent is a hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate or magnesium salicylate (preferred), and the antioxidant is a mixture of hindered amines and hindered phenolic antioxidant, where the aminic and phenolic antioxidants are present in a weight ratio (based on active ingredient) of 1:99 to 99:1. The detergent is a hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate or phenate. The magnesium salicylate has a total base number above 250.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (a) or two or more of the combinations of (a); and (b) comprising lubricants, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, flammability suppressants, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, water and/or carbon dioxide. Preferred Components: (b) comprises 15-85 wt.% of at least one hydrocarbon comprising iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclopentane, butane and/or iso-butane. The fluorinated olefin comprises at least one monochlorotrifluoropropene (20-90 wt.% of (I)). (b) is 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, dimethoxymethane, methylformate, water or carbon dioxide. The fluorinated olefin comprises a combination of trans-1,1,1,trifluoro-3-chloro-propene and cis-1,1,1,trifluoro-3-chloro-propene in a cis:trans weight ratio of 30:70-5:95. The material comprises at least one alkaloid derived from at least one plant source. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: Voranol 490 (RTM: Sucrose-based polyol) (50); Voranol 391 (RTM: Toluene diamine based polyol) (50); water (0.5); B-8462 (surfactant) (2); Polycat 8 (RTM: Polyaluminum chloride) (0.3); Polycat 41 (RTM: Trimerization catalyst) (3); and 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene (35).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The functional strain feeding unit comprises an inflow branch and a strain feeding tank in connection with an outlet of the inflow branch. The inflow branch is in connection with the upstream of the water inlet pipe of the primary anaerobic bioreactor. The outlet of the strain feeding tank is in connection with downstream of water inlet pipe of the primary anaerobic bioreactor. The filler zone is arranged in the sludge reaction zone in the secondary anaerobic bioreactor. The height of the filler zone is 1/3 to 2/3 of efficient height of the sludge reaction zone. The gas outlets on the top of the primary anaerobic bioreactor and the secondary anaerobic bioreactor are in connection with the gas collecting tube. The sludge discharge port on the bottom of the primary anaerobic bioreactor and the secondary anaerobic bioreactor are in connection with the sludge drain pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Two holes, preferably at least one blind hole, preferably polygonal or elliptical opening are arranged as the corresponding openings. The clamping sleeve is implemented in an elliptical form. A supporting plate is arranged as the supporting device. At least two matrix segments and/or many supporting devices are arranged as the matrix, and/or the supporting devices are implemented in multiple-part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The aerator is a micro porous. The water inlet zone of the filtration tank is equipped with a water drainage pipe connected outside. The filtration zone is an integral filter. The bottom of the three-phase zone is provided with an inclined wall, which is further inclined to the perforated wall.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves separating the wet aggregated algae and subjecting the algae to at least one process chosen from organic compound treatment, enzymatic treatment, mechanical destruction process, alkali compound process, acid treatment and process using oxygen or nitrogen, before adjusting the water content of algae. The temperature of the algae is adjusted to 25-190 degrees C. The method further involves subjecting the pressed algae to solvent extraction or supercritical extraction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cell wall is destructed by mechanical destructive compounds and enzyme treatment, and using organic compound, alkaline compound, acidic compound, oxygen and nitrogen atom. The oil and fat are extracted by (sub-)critcal extraction or organic-solvent extraction using carbon dioxide, alcohol or water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal is zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dicarboxylic acid compound is chosen from 5-methoxy isophthalic acid, 5-nitro isophthalic acid, 5-formyl isophthalic acid, 5-fluoro isophthalic acid, 5-chloro isophthalic acid, 5-bromo isophthalic acid, 5-iodo isophthalic acid and 3,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid. The organic ligand is chosen from 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiene, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine, phenazine, diaza pyrene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, 4,4'-azo pyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-glycol and N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotine amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing butanol, the microorganisms which belong to Clostridium genus exist in a proliferation state, and are contained as a substrate is the production method which are glucose and lactic acid. Also, the microorganisms which belong to Clostridium genus exist in a standstill state, and are contained as a substrate which is glucose, lactic acid, and an acetic acid. The microorganisms which belong to Clostridium genus are selected from Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium beijerinckii or Clostridium acetobutylicum. The lactic acid is a mixture of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid. In the method, the butanol is produced by the lactic acid bacteria in which homo-type lactic acid fermentation can be possible for lactic acid, and it can produce the L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid from biomass feedstock, or the lactic acid bacteria in which hetero-type lactic acid fermentation is possible. The biomass feedstock is non-edible biomass. The production method of the butanol containing fuel comprises process of adding the obtained butanol to a diesel fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) comprises: N-oleyl-1,3-propylene diamine (12-16 wt.%) (a); N,N',N'-polyoxyethylene-N-tallow propylene diamine (60-78 wt.%) (b); and solvent (12-18 wt.%) (c). (I) is present at 3-48 wt.%. Preferred Components: The solvent is isopropylbenzene or kerosene. The mineral oil is present at 0-97 wt.%. The vegetable oil is present at 0-97 wt.% and water is present at 0.001-8 wt.%. Preferred Process: The step of reheating is carried out at 30-50 degrees C, preferably 40 degrees C. In the reheating step, the stirring step is carried out at 20-50 rpm. In the process, the reheating and stirring is carried out at least for 5 days. The solvent is isopropylbenzene and the emulsifying composition obtained is still liquid at 0-20 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): N-oleyl-1,3-propylene diamine (14.76); N,N',N'-polyoxyethylene-N-tallow propylene diamine (69.53); and isopropylbenzene (15.71).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises: a shift reactor that produces hydrogen that can be recycled back to the hydrogasification reactor; and a gas clean-up unit. The reactor is capable of generating 10-60%, preferably 30-40% methane on a dry mole basis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbonaceous material is provided in slurry form. The process further comprises: feeding the product gas to a shift reactor, where the carbon monoxide rich gas product reacts with steam to produce hydrogen; and removing impurities from the product gas. The hydrogen produced by the shift reactor is recycled back into the hydrogasification reactor. The steam used to react with carbon monoxide in the shift reactor is obtained only from the steam hydrogasification reaction (SHR). The heating is performed without: a catalyst; and the injection of oxygen. The process is carried out at 700-1200 degrees C. The composition of the product gas from steam hydrogasification reaction can be controlled by varying the steam to carbon and the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the feed. The process generates 0.2-40% of methane on a dry mole basis. Preferred Components: The methane content of the product gas is 10-40%, preferably 30-40% on a mole basis. The carbonaceous material comprises municipal waste, biomass, wood, coal, high ash coal, biosolids and/or a natural or synthetic polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the gas-propelled agitating conjoined methane generator, the two sides of the gas distribution pipe are respectively set with an array of small holes; the gas distribution pipe is coated by a nylon net of 180 meshes; the middle part of each fermenting chamber is equipped with an anti-corrosion shell breaking net; and the net hole of the shell breaking net is square and side length of the net hole is 380-420 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the material intake/outtake device of continuous biomass energy fermenting device, a rotating shaft sleeve barrel (13) and a connecting sealed assistant bearing (14) are installed at the juncture of the rotating handle (2) and the agitating rod (3), a U-shaped support (15) is arranged on the inner wall of the biogas reacting device (1) below the rotating blade (6) and set with a supporting reinforcing steel bar (16); a supporting sealed bearing (20) is installed on the supporting reinforcing steel bar (16); the agitating rod (3) runs through the supporting sealed bearing (20); the bottom of the biogas reacting device (1) is a V-shaped cap (18), where a wing-shaped buffering baffle plate (19) is arranged; the semicircular material outtake slot (7) is located at the bottom of the V-shaped cap (18); and the material outtake scraper blade (17) is a V-shaped scraper blade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the discharging device of continuous floating cover type biomass anaerobic digestion apparatus, the bottom of the biogas reaction device (1) is an inverted conical square opening (11); the interior of the inverted conical square opening (11) is set with a wing-shaped buffer baffle (8); the discharging opening (13) of the biogas tank is arranged on the inverted conical square opening (11); the loading bearing (3) is fixed with a baffle (9); the baffle (9) is located on the rear part of the discharging opening (7); and a spring (10) is arranged between the baffle (9) and the terminal of the nozzle of the discharging pipe (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electroconductive support is carbon support. The electric potential of the electroconductive support is controlled to -0.6 V to -0.8 V based on silver-silver chloride electrode potential. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The oxidation catalyst is obtained by supporting iridium and platinum to support consisting of zirconia, titania or its mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The primary reaction conditions and secondary reaction conditions are combination of ratio of supply amount of pressurized hot water, and supply amount of biomass, and temperature of pressurized hot water. The primary catalytic reaction apparatus has a mixing apparatus which produces xylose by mixing polysaccharide liquid which flows out of pressurized hot water reaction apparatus, and solid acid catalyst, and solid-liquid separator which recovers solid acid catalyst and supplies to mixing apparatus. The monosaccharide liquid (LL) containing xylose and solid acid catalyst are separated by separating liquid mixture including xylose and solid acid catalyst into solid and liquid. The primary catalytic reaction apparatus has a mixing apparatus which produces glucose by mixing polysaccharide liquid which flows out of pressurized hot water reaction apparatus, and solid acid catalyst, and solid-liquid separator which recovers solid acid catalyst and supplies to mixing apparatus. The monosaccharide liquid (LL) containing xylose and solid acid catalyst are separated by separating liquid mixture including xylose and solid acid catalyst into solid and liquid. The biomass processing apparatus has a fermentation apparatus (4) which produces bioethanol by carrying out alcoholic fermentation of monosaccharide liquid produced by primary catalytic reaction apparatus, and a fermentation apparatus (5) which produces bioethanol (HH) by carrying out alcoholic fermentation of monosaccharide liquid produced by secondary catalytic reaction apparatus. The primary catalytic reaction apparatus and secondary catalytic reaction apparatus are separately connected to hydration hot-water reaction apparatus, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic substance is acetic acid. The injection rate of the methanol is decreased. Preferred Method: The method involves maintaining pH of acetic acid equivalent to a methanol poured into the denitrifying reactor. The injection rate of the acetic acid with respect to methanol is 0.75 or less. The denitrifying reactor is a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor which holds granule sludge. The wastewater is a low organic matter containing wastewater or an organic wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The air is fed into the first aerobic reaction chamber to keep the dissolved oxygen (DO) at 0.2-1.5 mg/L; and/or the air is fed into the second aerobic reaction chamber to keep the DO at 3-4 mg/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The two aerobic reaction chambers are both filled with carrier made of sponge or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The upper plant supporting layer sequentially comprises a stainless steel screen framework and a polyethylene net from the top to bottom. The composite elastic padding is uniformly filled in the gaps between the upper layer and the middle layer and between the middle layer and the bottom layer. The composite elastic padding comprises a rib rope and radial threads, which are all made from polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Shrubs: The sandy shrubs is Salix mongolica, rose willow, Caragana microphylla, sea-buckthorn, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, willow twig, black willow, Hedysarum mongolicum, Hedysarum scoparium, Mespilus, sacsaoul or Artemisia songarica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran or ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing conditions are as follows: the stirring speed is 160-240 revolution/minutes, the temperature is 30-35 degrees C and the time is 1-2 months. Preferred Components: The beef extract peptone culture medium comprises beef extract (3 g), peptone (10 g), sodium chloride (5 g) and distilled water (1000 ml), and the pH is 7-7.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The culture medium in step (i) comprises dipotassium phosphate (4.35 g), monopotassium phosphate (1.7 g), ammonium chloride (2.1 g), magnesium sulfate (0.2 g), manganese sulfate (0.05 g), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.01 g), calcium chloride dehydrate (0.03 g) and distilled water (1000 ml), and the pH is 6.8-7. The culture medium in step (ii) comprises (in g/l) sugar (10), beef extract (3), monopotassium phosphate (1.7), ammonium chloride (2.1), magnesium sulfate (0.2) and calcium carbonate (0.3); the pH is 7-7.5, and the content of ibuprofen is 10-35 mg/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The concentration of the ibuprofen in step (i) is 10 mg/l, 15 mg/l, 20 mg/l, 25 mg/, 30 mg/l and 35 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sewage submersible pump controls the liquid level of the settling tank by a floating ball. The undercurrent artificial wetland comprises a first-grade undercurrent artificial wetland and a second-grade undercurrent artificial wetland, which are interconnected by a pipe. The settling tank is connected with the first-grade undercurrent artificial wetland by a pipe. There is a height difference between the first-grade undercurrent artificial wetland and the second-grade undercurrent artificial wetland. The sewage is initially treated by the first-grade undercurrent artificial wetland and then automatically enters the second-grade undercurrent artificial wetland automatically due to the height difference.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the large continuously changed methane tank, the vault (8) of the fermenting pond (4) is a clamped sleeve structure and is set with a sandwich layer (9); and the tank bottom (1) is an inclined surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the methane generation device, the top of the air pressure reservoir is set with a pressure meter; the exhaust port is set with a valve and a pressure meter; an insulation layer is arranged out of the cylindrical container; there are two or more than two cylinders; and the exhaust port of the cylinder is connected with the gas pipeline by the pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer is prepared using (in parts weight) amino acid mixture (20-30, preferably 30-35, more preferably 30), multiple nutrient elements (5-10, preferably 5-10, more preferably 10), phytosterol dispersing agent powder (1-5, preferably 1-5, more preferably 5), synergistic agent (1-2, preferably 1-2, more preferably 1), stabilizing agent (0.1-1, preferably 1-2, more preferably 1.5) and penetrating agent (1.5-2, preferably 1-2, more preferably 0.5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In preparing 4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carbaldehyde, the transition metal complex is vanadyl acetylacetonate and a co-catalyst is 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane. Loading of vanadyl acetylacetonate catalyst is 5-20 % of substrate. The transition metal complex is copper (II) salen H4 complex and a co-catalyst is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl. Also, loading of catalyst is 10-30% of substrate. The transition metal complex is laccase enzyme and a co-catalyst is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, where loading of laccase enzyme loading is 10-30% of substrate. The oxygen pressure is maintained between 1 and 2 bar. The oxidizing agent is selected from peroxyacids such as metachloroperbenzoic, perbenzoic acid and peracetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A chemical composition and an organic material are also used in the preparation of biomass residue. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of combustible oil is preferably less than 35 wt.%. The combustible oil is vegetable oil. The content of ash is preferably less than 2 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The base material has density of preferably 50-85 lba/ft3, and moisture content of 25% or more, before compression process. The combustible solid fuel source has calorific value of more than 4000 BTU/lb, preferably 4000-10000 BTU/lb. Preferred Process: The maximum amount of combustible oil is absorbed into the base material. The base material has an exterior surface which does not contain an exterior coating. The combustible oil is absorbed into the base material by dipping the base material excluding its top portion in a bath of oil, and allowing the oil to wick to the top portion of the base material. The moisture and oil are expelled from the base material during compression process. The base material is contacted with the combustible oil, without performing heating process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The biomass material is dried in drum dryer (11).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel product has moisture content of 2%. The biomass material is contained in an amount of 75-85 %mass, preferably 80 %mass and the bituminous material is contained in an amount of 2 %mass. The solid fuel product further contains 1-2 %mass of petroleum coke (3) in ground dust form. Preferred Process: The biomass material and rubber material are loaded along with the petroleum coke on a common conveyor into a mixer. The bituminous material is loaded directly to the mixer. The heating is performed using steam produced from combustion of the fuel product. The heating is performed such that the rubber material reaches semi-molten state by heating to 400-450 degrees F. The solid fuel product is cooled before depositing in the storage area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The pellet comprises (in wt.%): cellulosic material (42.9) and waxed cellulosic material (14.3). The pellet further comprises (in wt.%): manure (20-45), cereal or their mixture (42.9), liquid, and vegetable oil (20-45). The pellet has density of 650-700 g/l and humidity of 6-17%. The pellet has heat output of 6000-15000 BTU/pound. Preferred Components: The cellulosic material is chosen from cardboard, card stock, carton, corrugated fiberboard, paperboard, paper, newspaper, vegetable fiber and biomass. The vegetable fiber is chosen from cotton, bamboo fiber, esparto, papaya, coir, sisal, kapok, jute, ramie, flax, roselie, hemp, kenaf, abaca, soybean fiber, okra fiber, vine fiber, banana fiber, rattan and nettles. The biomass is chosen from sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, fruit pit, fruit core, vegetable pit, vegetable core, maize leaf, straw, grass and switchgrass. The waxed cellulosic material is chosen from wax coated cardboard, wax coated card stock, wax coated carton, wax coated paper, wax coated corrugated fiberboard and wax coated paperboard. The cereal is chosen from maize, rice, wheat, barley, Sorghum, millets, oats, rye, tricale, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, spelt, whole grain, endocarp of grain, germ of grain, bran of grain, whole grain powder, powder from endocarp of grain, powder from germ of grain and powder from bran of grain. The liquid is water or potato juice. The vegetable oil is chosen from linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil, almond oil and hydrogenated oil. Preferred Method: The method further involves reserving the raw materials before crushing the materials. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pollutant gas is carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is generated by burning of industrial fuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation catalyst comprises molybdenum oxide (in weight%) (10-25), and nickel oxide (1.5-5). The total content of molybdenum oxide and nickel oxide is 11.5-30 weight%. The catalyst carrier further contains alumina. The volume ratio of hydrogen with respect to oil is 300-800, preferably 300-600. The nano-silicon dioxide has particle diameter of 6-100 nm. The coked light distillate has volume air speed of 0.5-3 hours, preferably 1-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The foliage fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): gibberellin 3 (8-9.9, preferably 9.5-9.9), heteroauxin (0.01-0.04, preferably 0.04-0.05), brassinolide (0.01-0.1, preferably 0.02-0.03), abscisic acid (0.01-0.03, preferably 0.01-0.02), jasmonic acid (0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.02), zeatin (0.01-0.04, preferably 0.01-0.02), salicylic acid (0.02-0.04, preferably 0.02-0.03) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (0.01-0.03, preferably 0.01-0.02). The foliage fertilizer further comprises water dispersing agent of the growth hormone mixture (0.12, preferably 0.11), nutrient element mixture (5, preferably 4), phytosterol mixture (3.5, preferably 2.5) and filling agent (10). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: An outlet (a11) connected with the inlet (a) of the primary heat exchanger is hermetically connected with the inlet (w) of the liquefier through a high-pressure expansion machine. The primary heat exchanger, secondary heat exchanger, condenser, low-pressure expansion machine, liquefier, gas-liquid separator, condenser and rectifying tower are fixed in a low-temperature ice chest.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of isostearic acid and alcohol is 1:5-1:20. The catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid or solid acid. The solid acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid, zirconium sulfate or titanium sulfate. The alcohol is low-carbon alcohol. The low-carbon alcohol is chosen from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. The reaction time is 8-16 hours. The method involves adding isostearic acid ester (0.5-35 %mass) to bio-diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol is industrial methanol having purity of 99% or more. The additive comprises (in parts weight): methyl tertiary butyl ether (1.0-15, preferably 1.09), oleic acid (0.5-15, preferably 1.5-10), ethyl nitrate (0.1-27, preferably 1.1-15), castor oil (0.1-25, preferably 1.2-20), isobutanol (0.2-25, preferably 1.2-5), n-butanol (1.0-19, preferably 1-10), acetone (0.5-29, preferably 1.5-11), cyclopentyl ferrocene (0.2-10, preferably 1.2-5), petroleum ether (0.5-15, preferably 1.5-5), ethyl acetate (0.1-21, preferably 1.1-11), n-octyl alcohol (0.2-35, preferably 1.2-25), isopentyl alcohol (0.5-25, preferably 1.5-15), Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) (0.1-10, preferably 1.1-8) and Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan oleate) (0.2-10, preferably 1.2-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The carbinol on upper layer of gas-liquid separator is rectified and recycled by a cooling carbinol-removing tower, and the carbinol is recycled to raw-material tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The grease is derived from cottonseed oil, soybean oil, colza oil, sunflower seed oil or shiny-leaved yellowhorn oil, or cottonseed oil saponin, soybean oil saponin, colza oil saponin, sunflower seed oil saponin or shiny-leaved yellowhorn oil saponin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methylbenzene (5 kg). The cosolvent is isopropanol (2 kg). The agent comprises methylamino abamectin benzoate (2 kg) and emulsifying agent (10 kg). The stabilizing agent is polyvinyl alcohol (0.5 kg). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The soil matrix is prepared by mixing sheep stable manure and cow dung in the ratio of 10:1, adding water to the mixture until the humidity of mixture is 30-40%, stacking the mixture into a square stack with width of 2m, height of 1.5m and length of 30m, fermenting the mixture for 30-45 days by coating a plastic cloth to obtain product with black brown color. The method of using matrix, further involves feeding compound refined fertilizer formed by soybean cake, binding powder, fish powder and fowl dung at rear stage of the growth, spraying the lactic acid liquid and diluted milk to the matrix and using the matrix at the growth stage of the plant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The dewatering treatment is carried out by dewatering collected waste oil material through climbing film evaporator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises soil and earthworm in the ratio of 50:50-90:10. The biocover further comprises oxygen composition. The oxygen composition comprises magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide and sodium percarbonate. Preferred Organism: The biocover further comprises methane-oxidizing bacteria chosen from Methylomicrobium, Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylophaga, Methylsarcina, Methylothermus, Methylohalobius, Methylosphaera, Methylocystis, Methylocella, Methylomonas, Methylocapsa, Methylosinus, and Methylococcus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The precursor compound of CeO2 is halide of cerium, nitrate, carbonate, or mixed rare earth chloride which is rich in cerium. The precursor compound of monovalent copper ion is copper oxysalt or acrylate, halogenated copper, cuprous oxide, cuprous carboxylate, cuprous formate, cuprous acetate, cuprous oxalate, or cuprous chloride. The main active component is present at 10-60, preferably 20-45 wt.% of total weight of the absorbent. The porous carrier comprises zeolites including Y-type molecular sieve, A-type molecular sieve, X-type, or ZSM-5. The clay comprises silicon and aluminum, kaolin, attapulgite clay, or bentonite; and is present at 0.1-5, preferably 0.6-4 wt.% of total weight of absorbent. The binder comprises pseudoboehmite, alumina sol, silicon sol and soluble glass; and is present at 10-50, preferably 15-40 wt.% of total weight of absorbent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The water hyacinth is entire plant comprising leaves, stem and root of water hyacinth. The heating process is performed using hydrothermal steam through interior heating source, or external heating source. The degraded liquid is used for separating liquid and solid, preferably compost catalyst while the liquid is prepared into organic liquid fertilizer. The temperature of the sealed container is maintained at 200-250 degrees C for 1-2 hours. The method involves adding mineral salts, acids, alkali and relative catalysts while performing hydrothermal degradation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The water hyacinth is crushed wholly by extruder. The fermented animal waste is chosen from chicken waste, duck waste, pig waste, cattle waste and sheep waste, or their mixture or other compost. The water hyacinth mixture is added with or without the fermentation auxiliary agent in the composting fermentation. The fermentation auxiliary agent is microorganism preparation, nutrient or other substance. The dehydration is biological energy dehydration. The ratio of the fermented animal waste is 5-50% with respect to 30% of water hyacinth mixture. The fermented animal waste for mixing is the material containing rich fermentation microorganism for promoting the fermentation of the water hyacinth mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The Chinese herbal medicine nutritional fertilizer is obtained by mixing the meal and powder, stirring the mixture using stirrer for 110 minute, crushing the stirred mixture into granules having size of 100 meshes using crusher, placing the granules in stirrer again and stirring for 160 minutes, pouring the stirred mixture into a fermentation pond, adding the human excrement water to the stirred mixture in ratio of 1:1.5, stirring the mixture uniformly, piling the mixture, compacting the piled mixture, covering the compact mixture using piece of plastic cloth, fermenting the compact mixture for 28 hours, spreading the fermented product for the first time under the condition that the upper layer is turned to the lower layer, the inner layer is turned to the outer layer and the inside is turned to the outside and the outside is turned to the inside, adding the human excrement water to the product in ratio of 1:1.5, stirring the obtained product uniformly, piling the stirred mixture, compacting the mixture, covering the compact mixture using plastic cloth, fermenting the covered product for 58 hours, repeating the spreading process, piling process and fermenting the obtained product for 72 hours to obtain the fertilizer, placing the fermented nutritional fertilizer into a mould having 30 cm in height, 25 cm wide and 44 cm long, and beating the obtained fertilizer into the nutritional fertilizer block to obtain the standard nutritional fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is low-grade 1-4C alcohol, preferably ethanol. The methylated agent is chloromethane, methyl bromide, methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate, preferably methyl bromide or dimethyl sulfate. The acid acceptor is ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine or pyridine, preferably ammonia or trimethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The centrifugal machine operates at speed of 2500-4000 revolution per minute (rpm). The anaerobic sludge blanket has oxygen dissolubility of 0.2 mg/l or less. The fermentation is carried out at 32-39 degrees C in presence of carbon-nitrogen having ratio of 16-25:1. The concentration of base material is 0.80-120 kgCOD/m3 having pH of 3.5-4.0. The crushing method is fluid cutting method. The fluid is treated by driving fluid cutting machine using hydraulic motor or gear motor at speed of 60-400 rpm with treatment flow rate of 10-100 m3/hour. The light phase has water content of 3 wt.% or less. The heavy phase has oil content of 0.2 wt.% or less. The acidification is carried out for 6-36 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The methanogen comprises Clostridium thermocellum (ACCC00026), C.beijerinckii (ACCC00028), Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (ACCC00011), Methanothermobacter wolfeii (ACCC0007), Methanosarcina thermophila (ACCC00022) and Methanosarcina barkeri (ACCC00017) in the ratio of 2:3:1:1:1:4. The microorganisms are in grey powder form. Preferred Method: The method involves using production equipment comprising high pressure sterilizing device, fermenting tank and vacuum packaging machine. The carrier for the microorganism is bentonite. The bentonite is pulverized to 60 meshes, and sieved and sterilized at high temperature. The adsorption capacity of the bentonite is 40%. The carrier comprises zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, manganese sulfate and monopotassium phosphate in the ratio of 1:5:1:2, which are pulverized to 60 meshes, and sieved and sterilized at high temperature. The packaging process is performed under vacuum at normal temperature. The effective total viable count of the bacteria is one billion/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The biomass carbon block is obtained via integrating, hot cracking and modifying, purifying, crushing, drying, compressing, shaping, carbonizing, and cutting. The crushing of ecological biomass is smashing raw material to diameter of less than 5 mm according to the spiral extruding and shaping requirement. Drying the biomass drying is dewatering; where the moisture rate of raw material is 6-12%. Compressing and shaping the ecological biomass comprises continuously adding the smashed and dried raw material from the shaping machine funnel, pushing and extruding to the shaping sleeve spirally, pressing to be a biomass burning bar with holes via a screw, continuously extruding the finish product from the shaping sleeve, and controlling the shaping temperature at 250 plus minus 10 degrees C. Carbonizing the ecological biomass comprises putting the shaped raw material to the external heating type dry distilling carbonizing kettle for distilling; where the heating temperature can reach 400 degrees C. Preferred Parameters: The biomass carbon index can reach the good quality smokeless coal technical requirement for compounded ammonia as follows: the moisture is less than 6%; the fixing carbon is not less than 75%; ash content is not greater than 18%; the volatile material is not greater than 9%; and the full sulfur is not greater than 0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffer solution is chosen from acetic acid solution, tartaric acid solution, acetate buffer solution, citrate buffer solution, tartarate buffer solution and phosphate buffer solution. The osmotic pressure regulator is sodium chloride, glucose, fructose, dextran, sodium lactate, mannitol, xylitol and sorbierite and their mixture. ACTIVITY - Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiflatulent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): urea (500-550, preferably 630-680), monoammonium phosphate (250-300, preferably 120-150), pulverized pumice (30-50), potassium chloride (120-150), swelling and moisture soil (10-30, preferably 100-150), concave-convex soil (8-12, preferably 15-50), liquid polymer resin (25-30, preferably 15-50), concentrated sulfuric acid. The fertilizer further comprises zinc sulfate (6-6.5, preferably 8-9), manganese sulfate (2.5-3, preferably 3.5-4), ferric sulfate (1.2-1.6), magnesium sulfate (1.6-2) and copper sulfate (6-10, preferably 5-10). The process of coating is carried out using spraying device having discharging speed of 0.5-5 Kg/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The beneficial microorganisms include (in wt.%): nitrogen-fixing bacteria (30-50), associative bacteria (10-30), nodule bacteria (5-15), Actinomycetes (1-10), effective bacteria (10-30) and bacteria used in fermentation (1-10). Preferred Method: The culturing process is performed for 12-16 hours at 50-80 degrees C. The method involves using dried tobacco stem or tobacco powder (50-70), poultry excrement (30-50), bacteria used in fermentation (0.1-0.4) and compound strain (0.2-0.8). The water content of the organic substance is controlled at 30-60%. The fermentation temperature of the organic substance is 35-60 degrees C and fermentation time is 5-7 days. The organic substance is overturned for 2-3 times. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cultivation medium has a high intensity of 200000000-1000000000 cells per ml preferably at 800000000 cells per ml. The algae are Thraustrochytrium and Schizochytrium belonging to the same type and the micro alga is Schizochytrium limacnum SR21. Preferred Method: The condition for promoting the high intensity of the cells comprises: maintaining the cultivating temperature at 25-35 degrees C preferably 30 degrees C, the oxygen dissolution level at 10-50% preferably 20% and the nitrogen level at 1-5 g/l. The method for promoting the increase in volume of the cells and the accumulation of the fatty acid comprises: maintaining the cultivating temperature at 25-35 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C, maintaining the oxygen dissolution level at 2-10% preferably at 3-5% and the nitrogen level at 0.5-1 g/l. The condition for promoting the accumulation of the fatty acid comprises: maintaining the cultivating temperature at 25-35 degrees C and the oxygen dissolution level at 0-0.5% by terminating the nitrogen supplementation. The micro alga is cultivated at high intensity for 12-36 hours preferably for 24 hours and the micro alga under the condition of promoting the increase in the volume of the cells and the accumulation of fatty acid is cultivated for 60-80 hours. The steps (i), (ii), and (iii) are carried out in one fermentation kettle. The step (i) is carried out in a first fermentation kettle and the steps (ii) and (iii) are carried out in a second fermentation kettle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid is rich in omega -3 polyunsaturated double bond, comprising docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The carbon source mainly used is crude glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The natural organic is humic substance solution prepared by pulverizing the lignite having free humic acid content greater than or equal to 10%, grinding the obtained product into powder, sieving the powder using a sieve of mesh of size 100-200, mixing the powder in water in the ratio of 1:20, stirring the mixture for 15 minutes every 1 hour at 75-175 degrees C under 5-6 atmospheres, reacting the mixture for 6-8 hours, maintaining the mixture overnight, filtering the mixture using a filter of mesh of size 60-100, and collecting the supernatant to obtain the final product. The agricultural waste comprises (in parts weight): molasses (0.5-1), vinegar dregs (0.2-0.4) and dissolved fish slurry (1). The soil activator comprises sucrose stearate, heptadecanoic acid and Tween-60 (RTM: Polysorbate 60) in the weight ratio of 1.5:0.4:0.1. The mole ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the azophoska is 1:1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The cell concentrations of Alcanivorax 97C0-5 and Alcanivorax 97C0-6, and Marinobacter PY97S are 107-109 colony forming unit/ml. The composition is centrifuged at 800 revolutions/minutes for 15 minutes to prepare 5 times of condensed solution, and the condensed solution is stored at 4 degrees C. Preferred Method: The addition of defoamer (soy-bean oil) is carried out in an automatic manner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves preparing the obtained monosialotetrahexosylganglioside extract into dried powder and purifying the obtained extract. The concentration of obtained powder is 0.1-10 mg/ml or 0.1-25 wt.% with respect to sialic acid. The volume ratio of homogenized animal brain tissue to solvent is 1:0.5-5. The concentration of water solution of detergent is 1-10 wt.%. Preferred Components: The detergent is chosen from non-ionic detergent, ionic detergent and facultative detergent. The non-ionized detergent is chosen from N,N-bis(3-(D-gluconamido)propyl)cholamide (bigCHAP), Brij35, C12E8, C12E9, sunflower base- beta -glucoside, sunflower base- beta -glucoside, dodecyl maltoside, octyl- beta -glucoside, octyl- beta -maltoside, Triton X-100 (RTM: t-Octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol), Tween 20 (RTM: Polysorbate 20) and Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80). The ionized detergent is chosen from cholate, deoxycholate, dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The facultative detergent is chosen from 3((3cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)1propanesulfonate (CHAPS), CHAPS0 and Zwittergent (RTM: N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylglycine). The detergent is ionized detergent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The activation process in step (ii) is on a bacterial cultivation slant surface is for 24 hours. The inoculation process comprises activating the strain and taking two inoculating loops to inoculate into strain liquid fermentation cultivation medium in a triangular flask of 50 ml/250 ml. The bacterial cultivation slant is prepared from beef extract (5 g), sodium chloride (5 g), peptone (10 g), distilled water (1000 ml) and the pH is 7.2. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel composition comprises a base diesel (balance) and an additive (50-10000, preferably 10-5000 ppm). Preferred Components: The phenyl-containing organic acid (50-100 mol%) is salicylic acid; m-hydroxybenzoic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 3,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (preferably); 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; and/or 4,4-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl). The alkenyl butanimide is obtained by dehydrating polyolefin succinate and/or olefin succinic anhydride and polyene polyamine of formula H2N((CH2)nNH)m. The olefin group is polyisobutene group, polypropylene group, irregular or regular block polyethylene-propenyl, and/or polyisoprene group. The additive comprises a metal passivator. The weight ratio of component A and metal passivator is 1:0.01-1. The metal passivator is ammonia, triazole, formaldehyde or fatty amine obtained by Mannich reaction, Schiff alkali and/or organic polyatomic carboxylic acid. The base diesel further comprises another diesel selected from petroleum diesel, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel, hydro-cracking biodiesel and/or oxygen-containing diesel mixture. The volume ratio of biodiesel to another diesel is 1:2-99.n=2-4;andm=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water ratio of the domestic garbage is 65-50%. The biodegradable organic is 50-35 wt.%. The crushed straws are obtained by crushing halm straws, wheat straws, corn straws, or rape straws mechanically to obtain a grain diameter of 1-10 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The chemical fertilizer is chosen from mixed fertilizer or compound fertilizer of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (II) is prepared by adding alkali into compound of formula (IV) and compound of formula (V) under acylating-chlorinating condition, condensing in organic solvent to obtain compound (I), and making compound (I) close ring under catalysis of alkali and calcium chloride or magnesium chloride to obtain compound (II). Preferred Materials: An acyl chloride used during acylating-chlorinating is acetyl chloride, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, isobutyl chloroformate and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride. The alkali is 1,8-Diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU), dimethyl amine, di-iso-propylamine, N-methyl aniline, piperidine, pyrrole, pyridine, morpholine, diisopropyl ethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-ethyl piperidine, N-methyl morpholine, N-ethyl pyrrolidine, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl ethylene diamine. The organic solvent is alkane halide, alkane, ester, ether, isopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, dimethyl benzene and acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The solution is diluted using water (85 times) and dried to water content of 4-6%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The liquid-phase synergistic additive comprises solvent, burning accelerator, burning catalyst, antioxidant and initiator.The solvent is solvent oil No. 120, solvent oil No. 170, solvent oil No. 200, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and petroleum ether.The burning accelerator is methyl t-butyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane and isooctyl nitrate.The burning catalyst is t-butyl ferrocene and n-octyl ferrocene.The antioxidant is 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,4,6-tris-t-butyl phenol and 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butyl phenol).The initiator is di-t-butyl peroxide, diisopropyl phenyl peroxide and di-t-amyl peroxide.The liquid-phase synergistic additive is prepared by adding the solvent into mixing kettle to agitate uniformly and then adding the burning accelerator and agitating uniformly; adding the burning catalyst, antioxidant and initiator under the agitating condition; and agitating uniformly to obtain the additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The methanation catalyst is nickel series catalyst, comprising nickel oxide, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The LPG is petroleum by-product comprising propane, butane, and hydrocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali hydroxide is potassium hydroxide, which is provided preferably in the solid form into the reaction container. The inert gas further comprises up to 90 (preferably 30-80) vol.% of water vapor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction container does not supply external hydrogen. The reaction is carried out 350-450 degrees C. The gaseous reaction product is discharged in a continuous operation initiated by inert gas. The used alkali hydroxide is regenerated at intervals after the discharge of the solid residue from the reaction container. Preferred Components: The plant triglyceride comprises: at least 85 wt.% of oil; and at least 85% of oleic acid. The condensate comprises 10-20 wt.% of 5-10C hydrocarbon, 10-25 wt.% of 11-14C hydrocarbon and 35-70 wt.% of 15-19C hydrocarbon. EXAMPLE - Potassium hydroxide (40 g) was added into a reaction container. Plant triglyceride (10 cm3/hour) containing a composition of minimum 90% of oleic acid and maximum 4% of palmitic acid, 2.5% stearic acid and 3.5% of linoleic acid and water (1.8 cm3/hour) were added into the container under nitrogen atmosphere and 400 degrees C. The mixture was stirred with an agitation speed of 450 U/minute. The condensate obtained after 10 hours contained 73.7% of nitrogen, 8.6% of carbon dioxide, 0.3% of oxygen, 8.6% of hydrogen and 0.6% of methane. The yield of condensed liquid product accumulated after 10 hours was 23.7 g. The reaction mixture was further worked up to give a liquid phase product containing 20% of 5-10C hydrocarbon, 18% 11-14C hydrocarbon, 57% 15-19C hydrocarbon and maximum 5% of free carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The product formulation is produced in pellet-shaped, crumb (granulate)-shaped or powder form. The formulation contains: up to 70% mycelia of a Pleurotus ostreatus strain, immobilized on renewable raw materials; and also other white-rot fungi mycelia and -spores. The microbial extracellular enzymes such as cellulases, lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, laccases are formed as the active substances. The formulation forms an enzymatically degrading effect on organic biogenic substances such as straw, fermentation residues, silage, grass clippings and garden waste. The formulation contains: 103-1010 active, infectious units per gram of product formulation; and alkylpolyglucosides. EXAMPLE - Typical product formulation comprised (in %) of: pellets of 10-20 mm long; fungal dry mass (less than 1); treated straw pellets (greater than 98); and alkylpolyglucoside (less than 0.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liner and the retaining strip comprise reinforced polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor further comprises a pressure control apparatus configured to monitor a pressure inside the volume. The pressure control apparatus adjusts the pressure in response to the monitored pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the step of heating the mixture has a temperature of 80-220 degrees C, and the pressure is 10-100 bars. The method further comprises extracting at least a portion of the alkyl esters with a nonpolar solvent. The method comprises receiving a reactant comprising triglycerides (2-96%), free fatty acids (2-96%), and polar lipids (2-80%); the steps (b) and (c) as above per se; heating the mixture to 100-200 degrees C; controlling a pressure above the heated mixture to be 10-100 bar; and the step (f) as above per se. Preferred Components: The reactant includes more than 2%, preferably more than 10% of one or more free fatty acids or polar lipids. The reactant includes less than 30% or 10-90% of one or more triglycerides. The lipids have been synthesized by one or more algae. The algae include Nannochloropsis. The alcohol includes ethanol, butanol, propanol or methanol, and the alkyl esters include a methyl ester. The ratio of the alcohol to the reactant is less than 1000:1, or greater than 1:1. The acidic catalyst includes a heterogeneous catalyst, homogeneous catalyst, sulfonated catalyst, sulfuric acid, or aqueous carbonic acid. The carbonic acid results from a dissolution of carbon dioxide in a liquid, and from a combustion of fuel. The ratio of the acidic catalyst to the alcohol is 0.1-100%, preferably 1-5%. In biofuel, at least a portion of the ester profile is indicative of a reactant comprising free fatty acids associated with any of a grease, tallow, lard, used vegetable oil, and rendered poultry fat. The portion of the ester profile is indicative of one or more polar lipids. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pentose depolymerization unit uses an acidic process, a basic process, an enzymatic process and/or a solvent process. The pentose conversion unit uses a microorganism. The pentose conversion unit uses an algae process, a bacterial process, a fungal process and/or a free enzyme process. The plant further comprises: a hexose depolymerization unit for removing hexose from the remainder to form a reduced remainder; and a hexose conversion unit for converting hexose to a biofuel material. The pentose conversion unit and the hexose conversion unit comprise: a single unit; and separate units.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of depolymerizing pentose from the lignocellulosic feedstock comprises an acidic process, a basic process, an enzymatic process and/or a solvent process. The step of converting the pentose to butanol comprises a microorganism process (an algae process, a bacterial process, a fungal process and/or a free enzyme process). The process further comprises consuming the remainder to produce energy. The process further comprises depolymerizing hexose from the remainder; and converting the hexose to a biofuel material. Preferred Composition: The remainder comprises cellulose or lignin. The stream comprises a pentose content of at least 50% (preferably at least 70%) of the total sugars from the depolymerizing step. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light fraction comprises ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene+styrene, phenol, o-cresol, indene, m/p-cresol, naphtalene, chinoline, isochinoline, 2-methyl-naphtalene, 1-methyl-naphtalene, biphenyl, ethenyl-naphtalene, acenaphtylene, acenaphtene, fluorene, phenantrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. The heavy fraction comprises benzo(a)-anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)-fluoranthene, benzo(k)-fluoranthene, benzo(e)-pyrene, benzo(a)-pyrene, perylene, indeno(123-cd)-perylene, dibenzo(ah)-anthracene, benzo(ghi)-perylene, and coronene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least a large opening is arranged in each hole in the carrier plate. At least two matrix segments are arranged as the matrix on the carrier plate, and/or the carrier plate consists of many carrier plates. At least one intermediate layer is arranged between the carrier plate and the matrix or the all matrix segments. The carrier plate exhibits larger external dimensions than the matrix. At least one guiding device is arranged between the carrier plate and the matrix for fixing the position and/or the margin of the matrix for the carrier plate. The guiding device comprises at least a clamping sleeve and/or a side wall of at least a portion of an edge of the matrix. The matrix consists of a first material, and the carrier plate consists of a second material, where the carrier plate consists of the material of lower quality and hardness and/or larger thickness compared to the matrix. At least two holes of the matrix are combined in the opening of the carrier plate. The matrix is partially or completely cured, and/or is made up of a cured material and/or carbon-containing steel. The carrier plate is provided with a large stiffness so that a bending of the matrix of not greater than 0.025 mm occurs from a distance of 100 mm of the length during the operation. The matrix is arranged with a height of 30- 60 mm, preferably 35-45 mm. The carrier plate is arranged with a height of 100- 200 mm, preferably 125-175 mm. The carrier plate is designed as a supporting ring with a ring matrix with an external or an internal peripheral rollers, and the supporting ring is arranged outside or inside depending on the application of the ring matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The rotating shaft is hollow cylinder in shape. The stirring blade is triangle shape having swash plate at front end of ventilation hole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The endogenous gene has 100% sequence identity with (SEQ ID No. 2). The bacterium (A1) is identical to the bacterium bearing ATCC Deposit No. PTA-10114. The bacterium further comprises a functional exoglucanase having at least 80% (preferably at least 95%, especially at least 99%) sequence identity with the enzyme encoded by the polynucleotide sequence of (SEQ ID No. 4). The bacterium (A1) comprises an endogenous gene having 100% sequence identity with (SEQ ID No. 2). The polynucleotide encodes a functional exoglucanase having at least 95% (preferably 100%) sequence identity with the enzyme encoded by the polynucleotide sequence of (SEQ ID No: 4). The biomass comprises a cellulosic material or a xylanosic material. Preferred Method: The biomass is converted to at least one bioconversion product by batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation; by continuous culture; or by semi-continuous culture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of wooden soil conditioner and processed organic substance is 1:0.5. The amount of woody biomass applied to the soil is 500 kg/10 acres. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The petroleum product comprises an oxygenate chosen from methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, methyl t-butyl ether and their mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel mixture comprises solid sodium borohydride. The fuel reactant comprises water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A porous foam is disposed between the fluid junction and hydrogen separator made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The porous foam comprises nylon foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The dioxin decomposition microorganism is Sphingomonas yanoikuyae. Preferred Method: The method of adding product of Italian ryegrass or Aloe to the soil is carried out by (a) adding extract of Italian ryegrass or Aloe to the soil or (b) by growing Italian ryegrass or Aloe in the soil. The method involves plowing the soil and planting Italian ryegrass or Aloe in the soil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 50-90 wt.% of the first polyamide. The composition further comprises a third polyamide, which is epsilon -aminopolycaprolactam (polyamide 6) or poly(iminohexamethyleneiminoadipoyl) (polyamide 6,6). Preferred Components: The polyamide 4,10 is present at 0.5-80 wt.%. The first polyamide is an aliphatic polyamide, which is polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6 (both preferred) or polytetramethylene adipamide (polyamide 4,6). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The transesterification is carried out at 55-70 degrees C for 1-2 hours. Preferred Components: The feedstocks are palm fatty acid distillate, restaurant grease, waste cooking oil , Soya deo distillate, acid oil, Jatropha curcas oil or mohua oil. The lower alcohols used is methanol, ethanol or propanol in the ratio of 3:1-35:1 depending upon feedstock. The acidic heterogeneous resin catalyst is: provided either in a jacketed glass reactor with stainless steel basket or used directly with stirring for esterification process without neutralization or pretreatment; and Tulsion-42 (RTM: High capacity macro-porous cation exchange resin) (5-20 wt.% of the feed stock), Indion-130 (RTM: Styrene-divinylbenzene matrixed resin sulfonic acid) (5-25 wt.% of the feed stock). The homogeneous basic catalyst used for transesterification is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, or potassium methoxide. EXAMPLE - Jatropha curcas oil (101.639 g) having acid value 40 mg potassium hydroxide/g, methanol (16.529g) were taken in a jacketed glass reactor with stainless steel basket loaded with Tulsion-42 (RTM: High capacity macro-porous cation exchange resin) (5.128 g). The reactants were heated to 60 degrees C with mechanical stirring. The progress of reaction was studied by determining acid value after 2 hours interval. The acid value after 12 hours was 3.47 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The esterified oil was then taken in another jacketed reactor and the oil was transesterified with potassium hydroxide (0.5%) in presence of methanol (7.2 g) at 65 degrees C the reaction was complete in 1 hour. The stirring was stopped and the contents were allowed to settle down, after separating glycerol and upper layer (biodiesel) methanol recovered.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stone powder is chosen from perlite powder, vermiculite and obsidian. The stone powder is expanded to 1000-1300 degrees C. The porous microsphere has diameter of 0.3-1.5 mm, and volume weight of 40-150 kg/m3. The fertilizer is added to the vacuum dissolver, when volume of the porous microsphere is 50% or less. The porous microspheres are added to vacuum dissolver with a pressure of -0.5 to -2.5 Mpa. Preferred Method: The method involves vacuumizing microsphere at environmental temperature of 70-300 degrees C, reducing the environmental temperature to 70-150 degrees C, and lowering the vacuum degree to normal pressure. The fertilizer is powder-like fertilizer or liquid fertilizer with particle diameter of 0.5 mm or less for plant growth. The fertilizers are prepared by adding colloid to the microspheres mixture, and granulating the obtained mixture. Preferred Components: The colloid is solution of substance for coating outer layer of the fertilizer. The substance coated at the outer layer of contains rosin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, bone glue, kieselguhr, water repellent agent (dodecyl dimethyl amine), acrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, aluminum phosphate, aluminum pyrophosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, poly(urea-formaldehyde), polyurethane, paraffin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, urea formaldehyde resin, formaldehyde resin and butyl cellulose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of chloride ion in the raw water is 0.1-5 mol/m3, when the electrolyte is calcium chloride. Preferred Property: The decomposition rate (( Delta )H/day) of produced gas-hydrate, at -20 degrees C under atmospheric pressure, is calculated using formulae: decomposition rate (( Delta )H/day)=(H0-Ht)/t (I) and hydrate rate (H)=((W1-W2)+(W1-W2)/16x 5.75x 18)/W1 (II), where W1 is weight of gas-hydrate, W2 is weight of residual water, when the gas-hydrate is decomposed completely, H0 is initial stage hydrate rate, Ht is hydrate rate after t-days and t is storage days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cellulose-containing material and ionic liquid are heated and solid-liquid separated. The cellulose-containing material is washed. The separated ionic liquid is recovered and supplied for contact process. The ionic liquid is solvent-philic. The decomposition process is carried out in the presence of a poor solvent with respect to the cellulose-containing material. The cracked residue obtained after decomposition is solid-liquid separated and non-cellulose fractions in the cellulose-containing material are recovered.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves mixing the obtained construction waste soil with wood vinegar which is used as deodorizing agent, and adjusting pH of the obtained mixture to 3 plus minus 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cracking reaction furnace is a thermal storage type reaction furnace. The cooling device is a gas cooling device, a water cooling device or an oil cooling device. The hydrogen production pressure swing adsorption tower is a group tower composed of single towers in parallel. The carbon black collecting device is one or combination of two of a cyclone separator or a cloth-bag dust removing device. The cracking reaction furnace forms a group furnace by double furnaces through multiple-grade combination. The fuel gas input pipe, the combustion-supporting gas conveying pipe and the raw material input pipe are provided with flow rate control devices, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mobile phase is methanol only, no buffers or acids or bases were used. The molecule structures similar to Ginsenoside Re are ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1. The organic solvent is methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: In the system, the maceration and dewatering is performed on composting material when the auger arm rotates in either direction, the maceration arms featuring saw-toothed or sharp edged knives which serve to size-reduce, tear or break up large agglomerates of compostable material; the maceration arms are affixed to the auger shaft via fixing plates, the fixing plates allowing the rapid change to the number or type of maceration arms; and numerous small, sharp protrusions are attached to surfaces of the inside of the chamber in order to accelerate the maceration process of the composting material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-nitrate nitrogenous fertilizer comprises fertilizer diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and trace element fertilizer of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive is 3-25 wt.%, preferably 3-10 wt.%. In the additive, the weight ratio of pulverized coal, lime powder, and red mud is (8-10):(1-2):(1-2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the plant fiber powder, the content of grains whose grain diameter is less than 100 mu m is more than 40 wt.%, preferably more than 60 wt.%, and the content of grains whose grain diameter is less than 250 mu m is more than 95 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermented culture medium comprises (in grams): sodium citrate (10), magnesium sulfate(0.2), dipotassium phosphate (1), ammonium nitrate (1), ferrous sulfate (0.05), calcium chloride (0.02) and distilled water (1000 ml). The pH value of the culture medium is 7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises alkali metals or alkaline-earth metal oxides, alkali metals or alkaline-earth metal hydrides, and/or alkali metals or alkaline-earth metal salts, preferably potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate. The coal comprises soft coal, anthracite, lignite and/or organic waste. The grain diameter of coal powder is less than 1920 (preferably less than 420) mu m. A biomass or mixture of biomass and coal is used for replacing coal powder. Preferred Composition: The amount of first catalyst is 2-20 wt.%. The mass ratio of water to coal powder is 1:2.33-10:1. Preferred Method: In first step, the sub-critical state is at 200-500 degrees C and 10-22.1 MPa; and the supercritical state is at 374-700 degrees C and 22.1-40 MPa. In second step, the sub-critical state is at 200-500 degrees C and 15-30 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the emulsifier, the weight ratio of ethyl ether, acetone, and butanol is 1:1:1. In the aromatic hydrocarbon, the weight ratio of toluene to xylene is 1:1. The solvent oil is No.200 solvent oil or No.150 solvent oil. Preferably, the synthetic fuel for car comprises 60 wt.% of methanol, 3 wt.% of emulsifier, 12 wt.% of aromatic hydrocarbon, 25 wt.% of solvent oil, and 10 wt.% of light oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: an inflow pump connected between the water outlet of the wastewater storage tank and the sprinkler for transferring the wastewater from the storage tank to the sprinkler; a variable frequency circulation pump arranged on the circulation pipeline; a variable frequency low-pressure air blowing device connected to the biological carrier tank for supplying air to the biological carrier tank; a circulating water electronic flow meter arranged on the circulation pipeline for controlling the water volume of the wastewater transferred to the sprinkler by using the circulation pipeline; a discharging pipeline connected with the treatment water storage tank for discharging the wastewater stored in the treatment water storage tank; a high-pressure air blowing device connected to the biological carrier tank for supplying air to the biological carrier tank to turn the biological carriers using the supplied air to enable the biofilm on the biological carriers to peel off; a sludge pump connected to the treatment water storage tank for discharging the peeled biofilms settled in the treatment water storage tank; and a pneumatic valve connected between the sludge pump and the treatment water storage tank for controlling conduction between the sludge pump and the treatment water storage tank. The inflow pump is connected with a liquid level meter of the wastewater storage tank for starting the transfer of the wastewater when the liquid level meter detects that the liquid level of the wastewater in the wastewater storage tank reaches a set value. The variable frequency low-pressure air blowing device provides the air to the biological carrier tank from the lower side of the biological carrier tank. The variable frequency low-pressure air blowing device adjusts the air supply according to the water volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multi-effect energizer is two of dimethoxymethane, cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl manganese, ferrocene and nitrate compound, or their mixture.The benzene compound is toluene, xylene, o-xylene or their mixture.The composite agent is two of N,N'-disalicylidene propyldiamine, 4,4-methylene diphenol, dipolymeric acid, fatty acid ester and carbonate, or their mixture.The ether compound is isopropyl ether and/or methyl tertiary butyl ether.The clean dispersing agent is calcium alkyl salicylates, dichloroethane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or mixture containing any two of the above components.The alkyl in the calcium alkyl salicylates is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The higher alcohol with more number of carbon atoms is isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and/or acetone.The crude gasoline is one of 60 gasoline, 90 gasoline, 120 gasoline and 200 gasoline.The nitrate compound is isopropyl nitrate, isooctyl nitrate or isoamyl nitrate.The dipolymeric acid is di(polylinoleic acid).The fatty acid ester is diisooctyl phthalate.The carbonate is diethyl carbonate and/or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using B.peregrina maggot (50-90 %mass). The culturing process is performed at 25-35 degrees C. The method involves connecting a stacking area of the culturing material with a maggot collecting container, where the inside of the maggot collecting container is provided with dry rice bran powders for guiding and collecting aged B.peregrina. The method further involves processing culturing material for 4-5 days completely, drying the culturing material and utilizing the dried material as biological organic fertilizer. Preferred Components: The pH of the EM stock solution is 3.5-4 and contains 1-300000000/ml of viable bacteria. The access density of the B.peregrina flyblow is 0.2-2 g of boettcherisca peregrina flyblow in each kg of culturing material. The culturing material of the B.peregrina flyblow maggot is 4-10 cm in thickness. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The plant extract is prepared by slicing fresh plants chosen from purslane, black early lotus, Bidens bipinnata, alfalfa, Chrysanthemum, grape and spinach into slices or pulverizing into powder, heating the raw materials (1 kg) using activated water (8-15 kg) until liquid is concentrated to 5 kg for 4-7 hours, adding the concentrated extract and auxiliary material into ceramic pot, sealing the pot for 60-90 days, fermenting mixture, removing precipitate from the fermented liquid, subjecting the obtained liquid to antagonist stabilization treatment for 60-90 days, and centrifuging mixture to obtain 1-2 kg supernatant. The preserving liquid is prepared by adding plant extract (1600 cm3) into water (875 l), and purifying mixture for 1-5 hours. The basic water is prepared by mixing the plant extract and activated water. The mother fertilizer is prepared by mixing pig manure with the plant extract, spraying fertilizer preserving liquid to the obtained mixture, and stacking and blending mixture. The preserving liquid is prepared by obtaining three groups of different plant extracts, adding basic water (410 l) to the mixture, circulating mixture for 8-24 hours using water processing device, adding basic water (193 l/per 7 l of fertilizer) and maintaining mixture for 1 hour to obtain the preserving liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The zymophyte is mixed strain comprising (in wt.%): Aspergillus niger (30-60), green Trichoderma (30-50) and A.oryzae (10-20). Preferred Method: The step (a) involves crushing the agricultural waste by a crusher until the particle diameter is 0.2-2 cm, spraying water on the crushed materials until the moisture rate is 30-60%, stacking into windrows with a height of 1.5-3.5 m, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55-75 degrees C, turning the windrows every 2-3 days, and performing the whole process of stacking fermentation for 15-30 days. The step (b) involves crushing the agricultural waste by a crusher, spraying water on the crushed materials, adding 0.5-5% mixed zymophyte on the crushed materials, completely mixing, stacking into windrows with a height of 0.3-1 m, controlling the temperature at 30-45 degrees C, turning the windrows for 1-3 times everyday, and performing the aerobic fermentation for 3-7 days. The method involves mixing the sludge having a moisture content of less than 80% with the composite conditioner in a weight ratio of 1:(0.3-1), and controlling the ratio of nitrogen and carbon contents to be 20-30:1, and (b) stacking the mixed material into windrows with a height of 1-2 m, adding 0.05-0.2 m3/minutes air per cubic meter of the fermenting material, turning the windrows once for every 2-3 days by a stack turner during the fermenting process, and controlling the temperature and the air permeability during the whole fermenting time (7-15 days) for preparing sludge compost, where the high-temperature fermentation duration is 5-7 days, and the temperature of the high-temperature fermentation is controlled to be 55-65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon byproduct is 9C whole fraction, 9C flash fraction or residual 9C fraction. Preferred Method: The inlet temperature is 50-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Components: The dye molecule is N3 (RTM: cis-di(isothiocyanato)-N-bis(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxy) ruthenium(II)), N719 (RTM: cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)), N749 (RTM: (E)-2-(2-tert-butyl-6-(2-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo(3,2,1-ij)quinolin-8-yl)vinyl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile) or phyllins.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor material is material with optical catalyzing activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or tungsten trioxide (WO3). The cathode material is nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), praseodymium ruthenium (PrRu) or platinum tin (PtSn). The electrolyte is salt substance with waste liquid. The salt substance is sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or magnesium chloride (MgCl2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The industrial waste liquid comprises alcohol or sugar, and waste liquid from beer production, alcohol production and/or monosodium glutamate production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The saponified reagent in (d) is 6% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) methanol water solution in a volume ratio of 3-4:2-1. The methyl ester reagent in (e) is boron trifluoride/methanol in a volume ratio of 1-2:4-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): liquid biogas (944), photosynthetic bacteria (1), chitosan (5), potentiating agent (5) and trace element mixture (45), or liquid biogas (737), photosynthetic bacteria (3), chitosan (10), potentiating agent (5), trace element mixture (45), urea N46 (100), phosphoric acid (50) and potassium sulfate K50 (50) or liquid biogas (687), photosynthetic bacteria (3), chitosan (10), potentiating agent (5), trace element mixture (45), urea N46 (100), phosphoric acid (50), potassium sulfate K50 (50) and potassium chloride (100). The liquid biogas is clean liquid obtained by fermenting livestock and poultry feces, filtering the fermented mixture to obtain potentiating agent. The mixture of trace elements contains (in %): borax (40), ammonium molybdate (10) and zinc sulfate (50). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant stimulator; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The biomass carbon powder is wood chip carbon powder or bamboo charcoal powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive is common starch or polyvinyl alcohol modified adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The irradiation of the reaction mixture is carried out with microwaves in a large microwave transparent reaction tube within a hollow conductor connected with a microwave generator via waveguide. The microwave applicator is configured as a cavity resonator of the reflection type. The reaction tube is axially aligned with a central symmetry axis of the hollow conductor. The irradiation of the reaction mixture in a cavity resonator is carried out with the coaxial transition of the microwaves. The cavity resonator is operated in E01n mode, where n is 1-200. In the cavity resonator, a constant wave is formed. The reaction mixture is heated by the microwave radiation to 80-500 degrees C. The regulation of the incident microwave power is carried out on the difference between the intended and actually achieved maximum temperature of the reaction mixture. The microwave irradiation is carried out at pressures above the atmospheric pressure. The means of microwaves is heated to the reaction temperature and optionally pressurized reaction mixture after leaving the reaction tube is transferred directly into the reaction tube followed by isothermal reaction zone and cooled after leaving the isothermal reaction zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyol ester (I) is esters of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, fructose or glucose. The alcohol (II) is methanol or ethanol. In the method, 0.001-10 wt.%, based on the weight of carboxylic acid ester (I) and alcohol (II), a basic catalyst and an acid catalyst are used. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameter: The size of crystallites is 1-5 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode comprises an intermediate coating comprising ruthenium oxide (RuO2) interposed between the metal substrate and the catalytic coating, where the catalytic coating has a specific loading of ruthenium of 1-5 g/m2 and the intermediate coating has a specific loading of ruthenium of 5-12 g/m2. The metal substrate is made of nickel. The crystallites of ruthenium are in form of non-stoichiometric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Water and liquid fuel are mixed uniformly using a mixing adjusting device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The primer is designed based on the sequence of S.natans bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Electric-charge activated water is in the form of small clusters of water molecules and maintains anions continuously.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises 30% or more of organic substance, and 4% or more of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The organic fertilizer comprises 1.5-2.5 hundreds million of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-3 hundreds million of S.thermophile and 2-3 hundreds million of silicate bacteria. The organic fertilizer comprises (in %): nitrogen (2-3.5), phosphorus (0.3-0.8) and potassium (0.3-0.8). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The organic material is chosen from livestock dejection, peanut bran, bean bran and sunflower seed bran. Preferred Microorganism: The active microorganism is chosen from fermented bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, Actinomycetes, nitrogen fixing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Preferred Method: The temperature is increased to 55-60 degrees C during fermentation. The step of increasing temperature and step of overturning the pile are alternated for 5-6 times.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic nutrient is chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts. The mass ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4:2:0.2. The trace element is chosen from sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, iron and molybdenum. The total content of trace element is 0.015 kg in each ton of fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied at concentration of 80-100 g for 3-4 times in each year. The concentration of fertilizer is 200-300 g (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The compound bacteria is formed by mixing the bacteria capable of degrading various materials chosen from protein, saccharides, starch, fat and cellulose after singly amplifying, culturing, centrifuging and collecting. The bacteria capable of degrading various materials chosen from protein, saccharides, starch, fat and cellulose are respectively mixed in a ratio of 1-2:0.5-1:1-2:1-2:1-2. The carrier material is formed by mixing coal cinder, zeolite, saw dust, buckwheat husk, bran and activated carbon in a ratio of 1-2:1-2:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.05-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The caterpillar fungus is Cordyceps sinensis. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves culturing the mycelium of caterpillar fungus in liquid medium containing potato, and subjecting obtained fruiting body of the caterpillar fungus to surface culture in agar medium containing fenicol. The extraction (M2) is performed at 40-50 degrees C. The method (M1) involves inoculating mycelium of caterpillar fungus in culture medium containing unused organic substance, and culturing fungus for 10-25 days in dark room of 20-28 degrees C and humidity of 80% or more. Preferred Substance: The unused organic substances are chosen from old rice, foodstuff residue, soybean curd residue, shochu lees and soy sauce residues. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - (In mmol) benzyl alcohol (1), aniline (2), silver/alumina catalyst (0.1), ferric chloride (0.05), and ortho-xylene (2 mL) were stirred at 150 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours, to obtain N-benzylaniline with a yield of 67% and a conversion ratio of 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal is manganese, nickel or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ligand is 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiene, 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene, 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine, phenazine, diazapyrene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4'-azopyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)glycol and/or N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The acidic group is sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material composition comprises fat and oil, lower alcohol, lipase and fatty acid ester (30 %mass or more). The lipase is immobilized lipase. The raw material composition has viscosity of 0.025 Pa.second or less at 25 degrees C. The fat and oil is chosen from vegetable oil and fat, animal fat and oil, fish oil and waste oil produced by microorganisms. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or n-butanol. Preferred Method: The method further involves repeating the above-mentioned steps (a)-(f). The method involves using lower alcohol (0.5-1 molar equivalent with respect to the fat and oil). Preferred Apparatus: The reaction apparatus has liquid flow rate of at least 2.58 cm/minute. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: The algae is chosen from Chlorella genus, Scenedesmus genus, Arthrospira genus, Euglena, Botryococcus genus and Pseudochoricystis genus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is dimethyl silicone compound, preferably hexamethyl siloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The waste is agricultural waste or municipal waste. The municipal waste comprises wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas production unit for converting waste to a biogas stream is an anaerobic digester (1). The engine exhaust is operatively connected to the reactor and exhaust from the reactor contains a San Joaquin air board level less than or equal to 0.4 grams, preferably 0.1 grams of NOx per horsepower-hour of energy produced by the engine and contains less than or equal to 0.75 pounds preferably less than or equal to 0.1 pounds of NOx per MWh of energy produced by the engine. The reactor decreases sulfur oxide (Sox) emissions and carbon dioxide (Cox) emissions from the engine exhaust by contacting the engine exhaust with a liquid waste stream. The engine is an internal combustion engine (5), which is operatively connected to the reactor and the operable connection between the engine and the reactor contains an injection inlet for the introduction of a reactive chemical agent to contact the engine exhaust prior to entrance of the engine exhaust into the reactor. The reactor comprises an absorption chamber that reduces NOx emissions from the engine exhausts using extended absorption, where the temperature within the reactor is 50-0 degrees C, the pressure within the reactor is 1-15 atm, and the pH of an absorbing solution within the reactor is 5.5-9, where the retention time of NOx is 1-15 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation waste is a solid-state component. The method involves performing autolysis process to remove solid-state component. The method involves producing ethanol fermentation liquid by obtaining hexose from pentose. The method involves culturing the inoculated medium by feed-batch culture and continuous culture method. Preferred Components: The culture medium comprises water and carbon source. The bio-fuel material comprises biogas, alcohol, alkane compound, olefinic compound, pentose and sugar. The alcohol is chosen from ethanol, propanol, butanol, fenatyl, and hexanol. The sugar comprises lignocellulosic biomass and cellulosic biomass obtained through physical and chemical pre-processing or saccharifying method. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism comprises yeast, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Anaeromyxobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Rhodococcus, Saccharomyces, Streptomyces, Thermus, Thermoanaerobacter, Klebsiella, Streptomycetaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Corynebacterium, Zymomonas, Actinobacillus, and Anaerobiospirillum, and Mannheimia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic matter is excrements of fowls and animals or restaurant and kitchen rubbishes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The seal set is seal stuffing. The electrical machine is controlled by time relay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of the compound (II):compound (III):phosphate ester is 1:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2. The mass/volume ratio of the material and the organic solvent is 1:3.3-10. The mass ratio of the compound (II) and the catalyst is 1:0.001-0.1. Preferred Process: The dropping time of the phosphate ester is 1-2 hours and the insulation reaction time is 1.5-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The height of the composite medium filter dam is 60-80% of the depth of the farmland channel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The multi-pore medium is formed by accumulating beehive shaped ceramic heat storage body, small ceramic heat storage ball or foam ceramic. A catalyst layer is coated on outer surface of multi-pore medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw material gas must reach a constant speed and the raw material gas cylinder pressure must keep at a stable range and when the raw material gas cylinder pressure discharging comes down to 2-2.5 bar/minute, the flow velocity into the ultra-pure gas decontamination plant is in a stable range of 4-5 m3/hour for effective purification of gas impurities by the decontamination plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substance A is water-soluble carbonate. The substance B is water soluble calcium salt. Preferred Method: In the preparation method, the precipitate is separate, then washed with water and organic solvent respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The degumming process involves adding 3% of running water to waste oil, heating mixture at 90-100 degrees C, slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) to the hot mixture, stirring mixture for 10 minutes, maintaining mixture for 30 minutes, separating oil and foreign substances, obtaining raw oil from the upper layer and foreign substances from the lower layer, and storing the obtained raw oil in a storing tank for preparation of biodiesel. The acid catalyzed esterification is performed using 98% of concentrated sulfuric acid (5 wt.% of the raw oil) and absolute methanol (20 wt.% of raw oil). The method involves mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and absolute methanol in methanol acidizing tank, stirring mixture for 10 minutes, adding the obtained mixture into reaction kettle for performing acid catalyzed esterification, discharging the obtained glycerin to settling separator, fixing high speed centrifugal pump in settling separator, and separating product to obtain biodiesel at upper layer, and methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid at lower layer. The method involves mixing sodium hydroxide and methanol, stirring mixture for 10 minutes, discharging the obtained mixture to reaction kettle for performing alkali catalyzed esterification, centrifuging mixture at high speed to obtain crude biodiesel at upper layer and mixture of methanol and glycerin at lower layer, adding the crude biodiesel to neutralizing tower, refining the obtained product, distilling the mixture of methanol and glycerin at lower layer under pressure of 0.1 MPa, and heating distilled oil at 150-220 degrees C to obtain final product of biodiesel. The acid catalyzed esterification is performed at 65 degrees C for 2 hours. The alkali catalyzed esterification is performed at 65 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The sludge is dye sludge or alkaline sludge. The heat smoke is heat tail gas of boiler of electric power plant. The binder is fly ash to which 4 %mass of dry ash dye sludge is added. Sulfur fixing agent and/or preservative is added to dry ash dye sludge component. The sulfur fixing agent is calcium oxide. The amount of fixing agent is 4 %mass of dry ash dye sludge. The preservative is lime. The amount of preservative is 3 %mass of dry ash dye sludge. The biomass waste is wood powder or straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The chemical dehydrating agent is cation polyacrylamide. The concentration of cation polyacrylamide is 12%. The amount of cation polyacrylamide per 1 kg of sludge after mechanical dehydration process is 0.8 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The adding of Zymomonas mobilis liquor to culture step comprises adding Zymomonas mobilis seed liquor to culture that the concentration of the Zymomonas mobilis reaches more than 1x 108 cells/ml on the condition that the temperature is 30 plus minus 5 degrees C and the stirring speed is about 40-500 revolutions per minute and adding of the obtained sugar juice to ferment step comprises adding the sugar juice, where adding speed of the sugar juice is controlled below 12% of the weight concentration of the total sugar and when the volume concentration of the ethanol in the ferment liquor reaches 7-8%, stop adding the sugar juice, start adopting intermit fermentation, half-continuous fermentation, continuous fermentation or the fermentation means used by the Zymomonas mobilis to ferment until the volume concentration of the ethanol in the fermentation liquor reaches 12-14%, and the weight concentration of the waste sugar is less than 2%, and when the weight concentration of the waste restore sugar reaches less than 0.2%, the fermentation process should be stopped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is cerous nitrate or lanthanum nitrate. Preferred Method: The preparation of the catalyst comprises: either (a) dissolving the co-solvent in the citric acid solution (1-10 wt.%), immersing the porous support in the co-solvent to form a mixture; (b) preparing a catalyst precursor from the mixture; and (c) preparing an aqueous solution of the active component, using the solution to immerse and spray the catalyst precursor, drying it for 1-2 hours at 100-120 degrees C, and baking for 4-5 hours at 500-700 degrees C; or (p) mixing the active components and the porous support to form a mixture; (q) obtaining a precursor of the catalyst from the mixture; and (r) dissolving the additive into the citric acid solution (1-10 wt.%), using the solution to immerse and spray the precursor of the catalyst, drying for 1-2 hours at 100-120 degrees C, and baking for 4-5 hours at 500-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic solvent is toluene, dimethylbenzene, N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), isopropyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and tetrahyrofuran. The acid binding agent is Lewis base comprising dipotassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, triethylamine and pyridine.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves adding humic acid (1-5 wt.%) and zinc sulfate (1-3 wt.%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is compound emulsifier with 3-8.5 hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value is gained by formulation of polyol ester emulsifier and ethers emulsifier.The polyol ester emulsifier is dehydrated sorbitan fatty acid and/or fatty acid sorbitan.The ethers emulsifier is octyl group phenyl polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl group phenol polyoxyethylene ether, dehydrated sorbitan ether fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether and/or alkene polyoxyethylene ether.The cosurfactant is straight chain alcohol of formula n-CH3(CH2)xOH (where x is 1-4).The thioether is double (acrylic acid group)-thioether, double (acrylic acid trilaurin group)-thioether or double (acrylic acid octadecyl)-thioether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The light-transmitting material is made of transparent glass steel or organic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further comprises (in parts mass): isooctane ( not greater than 10), ether ( not greater than 9), methyl tert-butyl ether ( not greater than 10), ethyl acetate ( not greater than 8) and silicon aluminum phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate ( not greater than 7). Preferred Method: The additive is prepared by (a) obtaining ethanol, isopropyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, acetone, dimethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butanol and iron naphthenate, and (b) placing the raw materials in agitating kettle to agitate and react for not less than 30 minutes under normal pressure and temperature, mixing the raw materials and leaving the obtained product for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-oxidant is more than 27% of industrial hydrogen peroxide, the biomass fuel is more than 50% of industrial methanol, ethanol or glycerol, and steam is water steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of sodium hydroxide to chloropinacoline is 3-9. The sodium hydroxide is solid or liquid alkali with concentration of 40-70%. Preferred Processes: The temperature for cooling is 0-60 degrees C. The mother liquor is repetitively recycled for alkaline hydrolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is chosen from nickel molybdenum sulfide (NiMoS)/zeolite (ZSM)-aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or NiMoS/HY-Al2O3, and prevulcanized cobalt-molybdenum-tungsten sulfide (CoMoWS)/gamma-Al2O3, nickel-molybdenum-tungsten sulfide (NiMoWS)/gamma-Al2O3, NiMoWS/B-Al2O3, CoMoWS/B-Al2O3, CoMoWS/titanium dioxide (TiO2)-Al2O3, NiMoWS/TiO2-Al2O3, CoMoWS/zirconium oxide (ZrO4)-Al2O3, or NiMoWS/ZrO4-Al2O3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and tungsten or its oxides, with active constituent comprising aluminum oxide and titanium oxide at 2-25 wt.%. The weight of the catalyst is 0.1-20 (preferably 5-15) wt.%. The concentration of the coal and/or biomass is 5-50 wt.%. The coal is anthracite, soft coal and/or wood coal (preferably with high volatilization). The granularity of the coal is not greater than 105(preferably 48-75) mu m. Preferred Processes: The temperature of the water in sub-critical or super-critical state is 330-480 degrees C and the absolute pressure is 15-30 MPa. The absolute pressure of the hydrogen is 0.01-5 (preferably 2-3) MPa. The method is carried out for 5-60 (preferably 15-25) minutes. The biomass is forest product, farm product, organic matter from city solid waste and/or marine plants. The method further comprises separating light petroleum product to obtain naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is molybdenum carbide catalyst loaded by active carbon (5-30 wt.%). The solvent is n-hexane (preferably), n-heptane, n-octane, dodecane or hexadecane. The active component molybdenum carbide is 15-25%. The vegetable oil is sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil or olive oil. The weight ratio of catalyst and vegetable oil is 1:2-1: 10; and weight and volume ratio of vegetable oil and solvent is 1 g:10-35 mL. Preferred Processes: The pressure of the reaction catalyzing, hydrogenating and deoxidizing vegetable fat is 2-6 MPa. The temperature of the reaction catalyzing, hydrogenating and deoxidizing vegetable fat is 270-320 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol has a concentration of 94%. The ferrocene has a concentration of 99%. The acetone has a purity of 98.5%. The potassium permanganate has a concentration of 99%. The octane has a purity of 98%. The n-butanol has a concentration of 99%. The sodium chloride has a concentration of 99.55%. The triethanolamine has a concentration of 95.5%. The ethanol has a concentration of 99.5%. The sodium bicarbonate has a concentration of 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition comprises (ppm) additive (50-10000, preferably 100-8000). The organic acid containing phenolic group is salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, or 4,4-bis-(4-hydroxy phenyl) pentanoic acid. The organic acid containing phenolic group is preferably 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid or mixture of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and salicylic acid and/or m-hydroxybenzoic acid. The content of the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid in the organic acid containing phenolic group is 50-100 mol.%. The polyolefin phenol is polyisobutene phenol. The 1-6C aldehyde is formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, or hexamethylenealdehyde. The polyenoid polyamine is of formula H2N((CH2)nNH)mH. The additive further comprises a component (B) comprising a metal passivating agent. The weight ratio of the component A to component B is 1:0.01-1. The component B is prepared by reacting an ammonium salt formed by triazole and alicyclic amine with triazole, formaldehyde, and alicyclic amine through the Mancini alkali, Schiff base, and organic polybasic carboxylic acid. The basic diesel oil further comprises other diesel oils including petroleum diesel oil, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis diesel oil, hydrogen cracking biodiesel, and/or diesel oil mixing material containing hydrogen. The volume ratio of the biodiesel to other diesel oils is 1:2-99.n=2-4; andm=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass briquette includes a tobacco curing straw. The binder is dry tapioca flour. Preferred Method: Preparing the biomass briquette comprises:(A) uniformly agitating placing the briquette mud, the soft briquette, the anthracite, and the crushed plant straw;(B) uniformly dispersing binder;(C) filling steam with pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa at 145-152 degrees C;(D) controlling the flow rate of the steam at 300-400kg/h according to produce 8-10 tons/hour; and(E) mixing the steam with the raw material, and uniformly agitating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The molding fuel particle is filled or conveyed to a finished product dispersing bin after sieving. The operation for separating the biomass raw material particle, the operation for obtaining the corresponding fuel additive, the mixing operation, and the pelletizing operation are automatically achieved by a control system. Part of the biomass raw material particle is obtained by transmitting agricultural and forestry waste whose particle size is greater than 3 mm to a crushing machine. Part of the biomass raw material particle is obtained by transmitting the agricultural and forestry waste having a moisture content of greater than 18% to a drying furnace at a feed inlet temperature of 350-430 degrees C and a material outlet temperature of 65-90 degrees C. Mixing is carried out for 45-90 seconds at a mixing uniformity of less than 11%. Preferred Component: The biomass raw material is the agricultural and forestry waste including straw, saw dust, bagasse, and/or rice chaff. The fuel additive comprises grease for lubricating and supporting combustion, a sulfur fixing agent for reducing nitrogen oxides emission, a combustion improver for helping the combustion, and a solid oxidant for stabilizing the combustion work condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pyrolysis catalyst is alkali metal or alkali-earth metal oxide, alkali metal or alkali-earth metal hydroxide, and/or alkali metal or alkali-earth metal salt. The pyrolysis catalyst is potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, and/or sodium carbonate. The powdered coal is bitumite, anthracite, lignite, biomass, and/or organic waste. The powdered coal has a granularity of less than 300 mu m. The adding amount of the pyrolysis catalyst during the catalytic pyrolyzing is 3-30 (preferably 5-10) wt.% of the powdered coal. The mass ratio of the water to powdered coal is 1:(1-15):1, preferably 1:(1-5):1. The methanation catalyst comprises an active component, and a carrier. The active component is ruthenium, iron nickel, cobalt, rubidium, platinum, and/or iridium. The carrier is silica, aluminum calcium oxide, alumina, and/or zirconia. The adding amount of the methanation catalyst is 0.1-5 (preferably 0.5-1) wt.% of the powdered coal. The mass ratio of the water to powdered coal during gasifying is 1:(1-20):1, preferably 5:(1-10):1. Preferred Method: Catalytically pyrolyzing is carried out at 400-700 (preferably 450-550) degrees C and 23-30 (preferably 23-27) MPa for 1-30 (preferably 5-10) minutes. Gasifying is carried out at 500-700 (preferably 550-650) degrees C and 23-30 (preferably 24-27) MPa for 1-30 (preferably 3-5) minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The medium is high-temperature high-pressure water. The catalyst comprises gasification catalyst and methanation catalyst. The gasification catalyst is alkali metal or alkali-earth metal oxide, alkali metal or alkali-earth metal hydroxide, and/or alkali metal or alkali-earth metal salt. The gasification catalyst is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or calcium carbonate. The methanation catalyst is iron, cobalt, and/or nickel. The high-temperature high-pressure water is water having a temperature of 250-280 degrees C and pressure of 8-45 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substance producing carbon dioxide is bicarbonate, and/or carboxylate. The substance producing carbon dioxide is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium formate, and/or sodium acetate. The medium is water, and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfur fixing agent is quicklime and/or calcium carbonate. The combustion aid is magnesite, magnesium nitrate, magnesium oxide, and/or ferrous oxide. The fuel further comprises 0.01-0.5 wt.% solid oxidizing agent. The solid oxidizing agent is potassium permanganate and/or potassium chlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The grease is coal tar, heavy oil, plant oil, and/or biomass liquefied oil. The fuel further comprises a papermaking waste liquid. The biomass raw material granule is derived from agricultural and forest waste including straw, dust saw, crane slag, rice bran, trees bark, branch, and/or herbaceous plant. The granule is in a rod form. A diameter of a cross section of the biomass raw material granule is 5-60 mm, and the length is 2-6 times the diameter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Pre-treating the papermaking sludge comprises dehydrating and drying the papermaking sludge until the water content is 10-40%. Pre-treating the coal powder comprises crushing the coal powder until the particle size is 0.1-0.3 cm. Pre-treating the furfural wet residue comprises dehydrating and drying the furfural wet residue until the water content is 10-40%. An oxygenating agent is added to the mixture, where the weight ratio of the furfural wet residue, the coal powder, the papermaking sludge, and the oxygenating agent is 3:2:1:0.004.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: A lower layer of the wetland matrix is a gravel layer with grain size of 3-8 cm. The middle layer comprises filter material matrix with grain size of 1-5 mm, which comprises volcanic, limestone, fly ash and zeolite. The top layer is local clay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is sucrose, urea, alginic acid, glycol, propanediol and/or glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: In the composition, the active ingredient is B6(Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boedijn with the preserve number of CGMGC No.2928. The solvent includes peanut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, rape oil, cotton seed oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, castor-oil, tung oil, diesel fuel, engine oil or coal oil. The thickening agent is kaolin, bentonite, active hargil, sepiolite, white carbon black, kieselguhr, light calcium carbonate, talcum powder, hemihydrate gypsum, chalky soil, figuline, imvite and/or clay. The surfactant is anion surfactant, cation surfactant and/or non-ion surfactant. The production mode is sanding, colloid milling, ball milling, stirring at high speed, cutting or homogenizing. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is conducted at 30-40 degrees C for 10-16 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The magnesium salt is magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, or magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In the process, the turning operation is achieved by the integrated furnace through a turning-over shaft and a support in the production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal azide is lithium azide, sodium azide and/or potassium azide. The zinc halide is zinc chloride, zinc bromide and/or zinc fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The haloalkane is dichloromethane or chloroform. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Cardiant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The fermentable sugar in the substrate is obtained from one or more sources including hydrolyzed starch, hydrolyzed cellulose, hydrolyzed maltodextrin, syrup, sugar cane juice, molasses, sugar beet juice, grape juice, or fruit juice. The source of fermentable sugar is hydrolyzed starch and the hydrolyzed starch is obtained from one or more crops including corn, wheat, barley, cassava, sorghum, sweet potato, millet, or rice. The distiller's residue is distiller's grains, stillage, dunder or vinasse. Preferred Method: The method comprises isolating the ethanol and distiller's residue. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition has a moisture content of 0-5% in the alcohol. The corrosion inhibitor formulation is present at 10-100 ppm in the fuel composition. In the corrosion inhibitor formulation, the azomethine compound is present at 100-10000 ppm, the fatty acid oil or ester is present at 80-98%, the dispersing agent is present at 10-500 ppm, and the viscosity reducing agent is present at 0-5%. Preferred Components: The monosaturated fatty acid is a 10-18C consisting of monosaturated fatty acid comprising oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and ricinoleic acid. The carbonyl compound is cinnamaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, benzaldehyde or salicylaldehyde. The amine compound is imidazoline, hexadecylamine, 2-ethylhexyl amine, cyclohexyl amine, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diphenylenediamine, 4-aminophenol, ethylenediamine or phenylenediamine. Preferred Method: The corrosion inhibitor is dissolved in a fatty acid oil or ester comprising castor oil, palm oil, soyabean oil, and methyl soya ester to form a corrosion inhibitor mixture. The corrosion inhibitor mixture is further added to the dispersing agent and the viscosity reducing agent to form a corrosion inhibitor formulation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The inflation and oxygen supply pipe is connected with a porous stainless steel pipe through a telescopic hose and adjusting valve. The inflation and oxygen supply are controlled by adjusting valve based upon temperature and water content of compost. The storage tank, mixing tank and primary fermentation tank are in closed connection with top of the plant, and they are separately provided with forced exhaust port and natural ventilation port which is arranged above the secondary fermentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supporting material is plant shell or scrapes having multiple pores and air permeability. The supporting material is chosen from scraped ramulus mori husk, cottonseed shell and scraped bamboo shoot shell. The adsorbing material is chosen from grass powder, bamboo carbon powder, zeolite powder, clay and kaolin. The water adsorbing and water conservation material is resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: A gasifying agent is blown from both fire grate provided in furnace bottom portion, and fire grate provided at furnace side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gasifying agent contains mixed gas of circulated waste gas generated by burning in final combustion chamber, air, oxygen and steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent comprises citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The aqueous glycerol phase is obtained in-process. The method is carried out using an extraction column, where the fatty acid alkyl ester phase flows in the column from bottom towards top and into the glycerol phase. The method is carried out in countercurrent using at least two stages, preferably three stages mixer settler, where an integrated, mechanical intensive blender is used preferably in a pipeline. The fatty acid alkyl ester phase is fed with a temperature of 40-70 degrees C, preferably 55-65 degrees C, for carrying out the method. The method is carried out at ambient pressure and the containers are superimposed with nitrogen. EXAMPLE - Fatty acid methyl ester phase comprising saponification product (4 wt.%), methanol (9 wt.%), total glycerol (0.4 wt.%) and water (100 ppm), obtained by two step transesterification of Jatropha oil, was fed into a column filled with glycerol phase comprising glycerol, water (15 wt.%) and citric acid. The fatty acid methyl ester was fed from the bottom of the column, which rose towards the top and then dissipated into drops, within the glycerol phase. The pH in the column was adjusted to 6 by the addition of citric acid. The continuous inflow of glycerol phase in the column amounted to 125 g/hour and the continuous inflow of fatty acid methyl ester in the column amounted to 2500 g/hour. The extraction was carried out at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 65 degrees C. Then the purified fatty acid methyl ester phase comprising saponification product (0.05 wt.%), methanol (1 wt.%), total glycerol (0.35 wt.%), and water (0.2 wt.%) was obtained, which was removed from the top of the column at a speed of 2168 g/hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw material oil is hydrogenated at 150-480 degrees C and liquid space velocity of 0.1-3 hours-1, with hydrogen-oil ratio of 150-1500 NL/L. Hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and water are removed from obtained processed material. The hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing 6A group metal and 8 group metal, which are supported to porous inorganic oxide containing aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and magnesium. The isomerization is carried out at 250-330 degrees C and liquid space velocity of 0.1-3 hours-1, with hydrogen-oil ratio of 100-1500 NL/L. The isomerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing 8 group metal, which is supported to porous inorganic oxide containing aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, magnesium and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor comprises tungsten compound having visible light responsiveness. The tungsten compound is tungsten oxide. The solution for manufacturing semiconductor photocatalyst contains metal salt chosen from sulfate, nitrate, carbonate, chloride and hydroxide. The reversible redox medium contains iron ion or ion of iodine compound.