TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Cell: In the solar cell, the back features arc of one or more shapes, sizes and/or cross-sections. Reflective features are concave or convex features. The back features comprise hemispheres, hemi-ellipsoids, partial-spheres, partial-ellipsoids or its combination. The reflective features are pyramidal. The array is periodic with the pyramidal features have triangular, square or hexagonal bases. Back reflector comprises a reflective metal deposited on a photochemically cured or thermally cured transparent resin. Transparent resin comprises an optical adhesive. The back reflector further comprises titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles, cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, lead zirconate tinate (PZT) nanoparticles, or any other transparent inorganic nanoparticles. The metal comprises aluminum, silver, gold, iron, or copper. Active layer comprises an inorganic semiconducting thin film comprising amorphous, nanocrystalline, microcrystalline, or polycrystalline forms of silicon, silicon germanium, Cadmium telluride (CdTe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), copper sulfide (Cu2S), copper indium sulfide (CuInS2), CuZnSn(S,Se), or Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2. The active layer comprises an organic semiconducting thin film, where the organic semiconducting film comprises a small molecular weight organic compound or a conjugated polymer. It comprises a hybrid organic-inorganic semiconducting thin film comprising inorganic nanoparticles and a conjugated polymer or small molecular weight organic compound. The solar cell further comprises a top transparent textured surface layer on the surface proximal to the incident light comprising an array of top features of 1 to 1000 mu m in cross-section deposited on a flat surface, where at least 60% of the flat surface is occupied by the features. Cross-section of the top features is less than or equal to the thickness of a substrate having the flat surface. The top features comprise hemispheres, hemi-ellipsoids, partial-spheres, partial-ellipsoids, cones, pyramids prisms, half cylinders or its combination. Top features are of the same cross-section. Top features are cross-sections. Top textured surface layers comprise a photo-cured resin, where the photo-cured resin comprises an optical adhesive. Preferred Method: In forming back reflector, forming the array comprises inkjet printing the transparent resin in the shape of concave features on the surface. Forming the array comprises depositing a layer of the transparent resin on the surface; and contacting the layer with a mold having a template of the features. The mold is removed from the features prior to irradiation; or the mold is removed from the features after irradiation. Contacting comprises roll to roll imprinting or stamping with a mold. In forming solar cell having back reflector, molding comprises contacting a mold having a template of the array of features with the transparent substrate comprising a thermoplastic sheet. One or both of the mold and the thermoplastic sheet are heated during contacting. Molding comprises filling a mold having a template of the array of features on one face with a thermosetting resin and curing the resin thermally or photochemically to form the transparent substrate having the array of features on one face. Molding comprises filling a mold having a template of the array of features on one face with a molten glass and solidifying the glass in the presence of the mold to form a transparent glass substrate having the array of features on one face.