TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Formulation: In the electrolyte formulation, the Ma+ in the formula is a metal cation, or an organic cation selected from sulfonium, oxonium, ammonium, phosphonium, uronium, thiouronium, guanidinium cations or heterocyclic cations. The electrolyte formulation comprises the compound of formula (I) in molar concentrations of 0.1-5.5 M. Preferred Device: The device is a photovoltaic cell, a capacitor, a light emitting device, an electrochromic or photoelectrochromic device, an electrochemical sensor and/or a biosensor. The device is a dye sensitized solar cell, and comprises a semiconductor, the electrolyte formulation, and a counter electrode. Preferred Compounds: The compounds are selected from: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (B(C2F5)CNF2), tributyl-methylammonium (B(C2F5)CNF2), tetra-n-butylammonium (B(C2F5)CNF2), tributyl-methylphosphonium (B(C2F5)CNF2), tetra-phenylphosphonium (B(C2F5)CNF2), diethyl-methylsulfonium (B(C2F5)CNF2), S-ethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylisothiouronium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)CNF2), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (B(CF3)CNF2), 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)CNF2), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)CNF2), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (B(CF3)CNF2), tributyl-methylammonium (B(CF3)CNF2), tetra-n-butylammonium (B(CF3)CNF2), tributyl-methylphosphonium (B(CF3)CNF2), tetra-phenylphosphonium (B(CF3)CNF2), diethyl-methylsulfonium (B(CF3)CNF2), ethyl-tetramethylisothiouronium (B(CF3)CNF2). Alternatively, the compounds are selected from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), tetra-phenylphosphonium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), tetra-n-butylammonium (B(C2F5)(CN)2F), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)(CN)2F), 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)(CN)2F), tetra-phenylphosphonium (B(CF3)(CN)2F), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)(CN)2F), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (B(CF3)(CN)2F), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)CNF2), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (B(C2F5)(CN)3), tetra-phenylphosphonium (C5F5BF(CN)2), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(CF3)(CN)3), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (B(C2F5)(CN)3). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.