TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor fine particles are titanium oxide, zinc oxide and/or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Component: The photogalvanic cell has photoelectric conversion element, counter electrode and electrolyte layer. Preferred Process: A semiconductor layer containing semiconductor fine particles, is formed on an electroconductive support, and the semiconductor layer is immersed in the solution containing dinuclear ruthenium complex dye to obtain photoelectric conversion element. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=linear or branched 10-30C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - 2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (in g) (5.44), concentrated sulfuric acid (10 ml) and ethanol (130 ml) were refluxed, cooled, neutralized and precipitate was filtered. The obtained precipitate was recrystallized with ethanol/water and filtered to obtain 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diethyldicarboxylate (4.92). The obtained 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diethyldicarboxylate (2.64), ruthenium-chloride (1.18) and ethanol (500 ml) were refluxed for 7 hours, filtered, and obtained precipitate was cooled to obtain bis(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diethyldicarboxylate)ruthenium chloride (1.64). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and insoluble material was recrystallized using ethanol/dichloromethane. The obtained bis(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diethyldicarboxylate)ruthenium chloride (1.37), dichloromethane (140 ml) and silver salt of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (1.09) were stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, precipitated and filtered to obtain mononuclear ruthenium complex (M1) (1.62). ((Ru(A)Cl2)n, where A is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) (0.25) and N,N-dimethylformamide (93 ml) were deaerated in argon atmosphere, refluxed, and stirred to obtain bis(4,4'-di-dodecyl-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium chloride (0.857). The obtained ruthenium complex, 2,2'-bibenzimidazole (0.191) and ethylene glycol (30 ml) were refluxed, stirred, and hexafluorophosphate ammonia (0.482) was added and dissolved to obtain ruthenium complex (R) (0.988). The obtained ruthenium complex (R) (0.959), methanol (6.8 ml) and 10% of lithium methoxide (2.26 ml) were deaerated, and refluxed to obtain mononuclear ruthenium complex (M2). The obtained mononuclear ruthenium complex (M1) (0.4), mononuclear ruthenium complex (M2) (0.309), and N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) were deaerated in argon atmosphere, refluxed, stirred and cooled under reduced pressure. Sodium hydroxide (70 ml) was added to the resultant mixture, heated at 100 degrees C, and insoluble material was removed and cleaned using water. Then, hexafluorophosphate aqueous solution (1.7 mol/L) was added to the resultant mixture, and purified to obtain dinuclear ruthenium complex dye (0.087).