TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode includes, as a positive electrode active material, a lithium composite oxide that has a layered rock-salt crystal structure of the average composition of formula (Li)x'M1O2 in the fully charged state and the solvent includes 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one as the halogenated cyclic carbonate. The positive electrode includes, as a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode material that includes a phosphate-containing coating layer formed on at least a portion of a surface of a lithium composite oxide that contains lithium and a transition metal. The voltage in the fully charged state is greater than or equal to 4.30 V. The nonaqueous electrolyte is a gel electrolyte that comprises: an electrolytic solution that includes the solvent and the electrolyte salt; and polymer compound that swells by absorbing the electrolytic solution. The first negative electrode coating is formed by absorption of the electrolytic solution by the amorphous polyacid and/or the amorphous polyacid compound deposited into a three-dimensional mesh structure. The first negative electrode coating and the second negative electrode coating are formed in a laminar fashion. The first negative electrode coating is formed as a deeper layer, and where the second negative electrode coating is formed as a surface layer. The positive electrode includes: a gelled first positive electrode coating that includes an amorphous polyacid and/or an amorphous polyacid compound including at least one polyelements; and a second positive electrode coating that includes a coating originating from 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.M1=at least one element selected from Co, Ni, Al, Mn, B, Mg, Si, P, S, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Ba, W, In, Sr, Sn, Pb, and Sb;x'=0.45.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyacid and/or the polyacid compound are a polyacid and/or a polyacid compound that include at least one polyelement. The polyacid and/or the polyacid compound are a heteropolyacid and/or a heteropolyacid compound. The heteropolyacid and/or the heteropolyacid compound are heteropolyacid and/or heteropolyacid compound that include a polyatom selected from element group (a) consisting of Mo, W, Nb, and V, or a heteropolyacid and/or a heteropolyacid compound that include a polyatom selected from the element group (a), and in which some of the polyatoms are replaced with at least one element selected from element group (b) consisting of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Tc, Rh, Cd, In, Sn, Ta, Re, Tl, and Pb; that include a heteroatom selected from element group (c) consisting of B, Al, Si, P, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, and As, or a heteropolyacid and/or a heteropolyacid compound that include a heteroatom selected from the element group (c), and in which some of the heteroatoms are replaced with at least one element selected from element group (d) consisting of H, Be, B, C, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Zr, Rh, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Re, Pt, Bi, Ce, Th, U, and Np. The heteropolyacid and/or heteropolyacid compound are heteropolyacids and/or heteropolyacid compounds of formulae (H)x(A)y(B1(D1)12O40)zH2O (i), (H)x1(A)y1(B1(D1)6O24)zH2O (ii), (H)x1(A)y1((B1)2(D1)18O62)zH2O (iii) or (H)x2(A)y2((B1)5(D1)30O110)zH2O (iv).A=lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), ammonium (NH4), ammonium salt, or phosphonium salt;B1=phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), arsenic (As), or germanium (Ge);D1=at least one element selected from titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), rhodium (Rh), cadmium (Cd), indium (In), tin (Sn), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), and thallium (Tl);x,y=0-4;z=0-50;x1,y1=0-8;x2,y2=0-15.Provided that at least one of x and y is not 0; at least one of x1 and y1 is not 0; and at least one of x2 and y2 is not 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogenated cyclic carbonate is 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. The unsaturated cyclic carbonate is vinylene carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.