NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) containing electrolyte between cathode (12) and anode (18) electrodes comprises units (52) for creating Taylor Vortex Flows (54); or containing first and second electrodes separated by fluid electrolyte in gap (d) between electrodes, comprises units for extracting unwanted contaminants; or comprises first electrode reactive with first chemical entering its pores from its first surface (31) to produce first ion at its second surface layer; second electrode reactive with second chemical; fluid electrolyte; and units for moving one electrode with respect to other.    USE - As fuel cell such as direct reaction fuel cell, where the fuel is hydrocarbon such as alkane, alcohol or kerosene; or is a borohydride that contains a cation from Group 1 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, where the cation from Group 1 of the Periodic Table of the Elements is sodium; in fuel cell battery configured as a direct reaction fuel cell battery; for producing electricity for transmission to an external electrical circuit load (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell provides robust electrochemical cell containing a fluid electrolyte between relatively rotating, co-axial cylindrical electrodes that cause Taylor Vortex Flows (TVF) within the electrolyte. The TVF eliminates any need for a PEM to prevent crossover of fuel and oxidizer chemicals through the electrolyte. The robust electrochemical cell eliminates any need for a PEM or any other membrane disposed between electrodes; converts electrochemical energy into electrical energy through the use of TVF that capture and eliminate reaction byproducts and prevents crossover of fuel and oxidizer in the cells' electrolytes. The structure for electrochemical cell optimizes its performance as a fuel cell for converting chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy that can be used to power an external electrical circuit or load. The DRFC creates dynamic flows within all fluid constituents to induce exceptionally high rates of mass transport to and from several redox chemical reactions. The DRFC has low mass-transport-limiting and surface-limiting electrode characteristics; is capable of operating at elevated temperatures that achieve enhanced reaction rates with inexpensive catalysts. The DRFC batteries produce higher voltage electrical energy with lower losses.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell (10) containing electrolyte between its cathode (12) and anode (18) electrodes comprises units (52) for creating Taylor Vortex Flows (54) in the electrolyte; or containing first and second electrodes separated by a fluid electrolyte in a gap (d) between the electrodes, comprises units for extracting unwanted contaminants from the electrolyte; or comprises first electrode that is reactive with a first chemical entering its pores from its first surface (31) to produce a first ion at its second surface layer; a second electrode that is reactive with a second chemical entering its pores from its first surface to produce a second ion at its second surface layer having a charge different from that of the first ion, and adjacent the first electrode so that a chamber (24) is created between the second surface layers of the two electrodes; a fluid electrolyte in the chamber; and units for moving one electrode with respect to the other electrode to create flow in the fluid electrolyte so as to generate a voltage across the electrodes that are adapted to be connected to an external electrical circuit load (50); or comprises viscous fluid Taylor Vortex Flows; and a catalyst surface layer supported in a laminar flow generated by the Taylor Vortex Flows. The cell comprises in addition: units (36, 38) for pumping high-hydrogen-content fuel through the anode; units for creating Circular Couette Flows in the electrolyte. The units for creating Taylor Vortex Flows includes a first cylindrical electrode surface layer (14, 20) enclosing a second cylindrical electrode surface layer separated from the first by an electrolyte chamber of gap distance d and length L and units for rotating one electrode surface with respect to the other radians per second. When the electrode is reactive with a first chemical entering its pores from its first surface to produce a first ion at its second surface layer; the other electrode is reactive with a second chemical entering its pores from its first surface to produce a second ion at its second surface layer having a charge different from that of the first ion. The fuel cell comprises units for controlling entry of a chemical into pores of an electrode so that reaction-time:residence-time (ta/tr) is less than or equal to 1/10. One of the chemicals is a high-hydrogen-content fuel. The units for extracting unwanted contaminants from the electrolyte include units for creating Taylor Vortex Flows in the electrolyte. One chemical is an oxidizer and the other is a reductant. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a process for operating a fuel cell to produce electricity for transmission to an external electrical circuit load involving pumping a high-hydrogen-content fuel through an anode electrode of the fuel cell; pumping an oxidizer through a cathode electrode of the fuel cell; pumping electrolyte into an electrolyte chamber of the fuel cell that is located between the electrodes; and rotating one electrode with respect to the other electrode at a rate to cause electrolyte Taylor Vortex Flows in the electrolyte chamber; and    (2) a fuel cell battery comprising a rotating shaft; at least two fuel cells each having a rotating electrode that is fixed to the rotating shaft, the rotating electrode of the first cell being an anode, and the rotating electrode of the second cell being a cathode and busbar providing an electrical connection between the anode and the cathode; or rotating shaft; two fuel cells each having a rotating electrode that is fixed to the rotating shaft, where the rotating electrode of the first cell is an anode and the rotating electrode of the second cell is cathode; cathode electrode in the first cell separated from a first cell anode by an electrolyte chamber; battery terminal electrically connected to the cathode electrode; anode electrode in the second cell separated from a second cell cathode by an electrolyte chamber; a battery terminal electrically connected to the anode electrode; and electrical circuit connection between the rotating anode and the rotating cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fragmentary, cross-sectional view of Direct Reaction Fuel Cell.    Fuel cell (10)    Cathode (12)    First cylindrical electrode surface layer (14, 20)    Anode (18)    Chamber (24)    First surface of electrode (31)    Units for pumping high-hydrogen-content fuel through the anode (36, 38)    External electrical circuit load (50)    Units for creating Taylor Vortex Flows (52)    Taylor Vortex Flows (54)