TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The base is potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method comprises briquetting Jatropha shells with addition of waste oil sludge to obtain Jatropha briquettes of 1.05-1.10 g/cm3 density as by product; hydrolyzing Jatropha oil cake having 4-6% nitrogen with phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid to obtain Jatropha oil cake hydrolysate as byproduct. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by-products are prepared by inoculating 140% of soil bacteria MTCC 5343 or marine bacteria MTCC 5345 seed culture into growth-cum production medium containing 2-10% (w/v) still bottom GL8 or GL7 and incubating for 24-96 hours at a pH of 7-8 at 25-40 degrees C to allow fermentation; harvesting the cell by centrifugation of the ferment to obtain pellets; recovering solid polymer by centrifugation of the pellets; washing solid polymer with water and methanol to obtain PHA; and dissolving 0.5-5% of PHA in chloroform to obtain PHA film. Deshelling is done in a specially designed deshelling machine comprising capsule breaker having rotating drum that breaks open shells by attrition with stationary surface without damaging the seeds, sloping vibrating sieves for separating seeds from the shells and directing seeds to move in opposite direction to shells, and using the blower to blow off the shells which are collected separately with no loss of seed in the shells. The JMF-G3W layer is purified by using macroremove alkali metal impurities. Preferred Materials: The alcohol is methanol and ethanol. The JME-G3W layer subjected to resin treatment had a maximum sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+) impurity level of 15-30 ppm, methanol impurity level of 0.4-0.6% (w/w), moisture level of 500-1500 ppm, total glycerol content of 0.2-0.3% (w/w) and lower free fatty acid content of 0.15-0.25% (w/w). The still bottom is defined as the residue left after a successful cycle, comprising solids and free liquids that have no value in terms of further distillable solvent/product. The growth medium is King's B medium, Zobell's marine medium and deoiled Jatropha oil cake hydrolysate (JOCH) with GL7 and GL8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The macroporous cation exchange resin is prepared by using styrene- divinylbenzene copolymers and sulfuric acid. The styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is prepared by suspension polymerization of styrene using cetyl alcohol as porosogenic agent.