TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is 1-8 mol/L potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent A is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or dimethylformamide (DMF). The solvent B is DMF, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, or DMSO. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, tertiary butyl peroxide benzoate, or persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) or (II) comprises:(A) adding (mol.%) styrene (10-30), p-chloromethyl styrene (10-30), alkyl acrylate monomer (20-40), and acrylate monomer (20-40) to a container mounted with a refluxing condensation pipe, pouring the materials to solvent A having equal volume to the total monomer volume, infusing nitrogen gas for 10 times, agitating, adding initiator (1-2), heating for 34-36 hours in an oil bath of 50-80 degrees C in nitrogen gas atmosphere, volatilizing solvent A, and placing the product in a vacuum oven at 50-60 degrees C, drying for 24-48 hours to obtain a quaternary irregular copolymer of formula (III);(B) quaternizing ammonium by dissolving (III) in solvent B having an equal volume to solvent A, adding excess trimethylamine aqueous solution or trimethylamine alcohol solution, where the excess amount is that the mole number of the trimethylamine is excess to the mole number of the monomer p-chloromethyl styrene, reacting for 8-10 hours at normal temperature to obtain a milky yellow solution, forming film with casting for spin coating, volatilizing the solvent B, and vacuum drying to obtain a quaternary irregular copolymer film (IV); or quaternizing phosphonium using trimethyl phosphine as reagent to quaternize phosphonium to obtain quaternary irregular copolymer of formula (V); and(C) soaking in an alkaline solution for 2-12 hours, where hydroxyl ion mole number in the alkaline solution is greater than the mole number of the monomer p-chloromethyl styrene, replacing chloride ion to hydroxyl group, and washing the solution to neutrality.X=Cl, Br, or I.Preferred Component: The alkyl acrylate monomer is methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, or propyl acrylate. The acrylate monomer is butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, or propyl acrylate.