TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A polymerization agent is mixed with the solvent. Drying is performed by low temperature drying, infrared heating, microwave heating, or freeze drying. The precursor is filtered and dried. The mixture is heated under a vacuumed or non-vacuumed environment. It is heated in an atmosphere containing nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and/or nitrogen oxide. The mixture is heated at 300-700 degrees C for 0.1-48 hours. Preferred Component: The Group IB elements comprise copper, silver, and/or gold. The Group IB compound comprises compounds containing Group IB oxide, nitride, hydroxide, halogenide, nitrate, acetate, sulfate, carbonate, chlorate, phosphate, selenate, citrate, or phosphide. The Group IIIA elements comprise aluminum, indium, and/or gallium. The Group IIIA compound comprises compounds containing Group IIIA element oxide, nitride, hydroxide, halogenide, nitrate, acetate, sulfate, carbonate, chlorate, phosphate, selenate, citrate, and/or phosphide. The Group IB compound and the Group IIIA compound have a molar ratio of (0.7-1.4):(0.7-1.4). The Group IA compound comprises compounds containing Group IA element halogenide, nitrate, acetate, sulfate, carbonate, or chlorate. The Group IA elements comprise lithium, sodium, and/or potassium. The precursor and the Group IA compound have a molar ratio of about (10-2000):1. The Group VIA compound comprises compounds containing Group VIA elements oxide, halogenide, oxyhalogenide, sulfide, selenide, amine, carbamide, selenate, sulfate, or telluride. The Group VIA elements comprise sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium. The solution or powder containing the Group VIA compound and the precursor have a molar ratio of about (0.1-20):1. The atmosphere further comprises hydrogen selenide, hydrogen sulfide, selenium vapor, sulfur vapor, and/or tellurium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent comprises water, acid, base, alcohol, ketone, ether, and/or amine. The polymerization agent comprises EDTA, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, citric acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, tartaric acid, and/or maleic acid.