NOVELTY - Producing hydrocarbon based middle distillate, preferably hydrocarbon kerosene from ethanol charge, comprises: (a) purifying the ethanol charge; (b) dehydrating the purified ethanol charge into an ethylene effluent; (c) separating water in the effluent; (d) first step of oligomerization of at least a portion of the effluent into at least one olefin effluent comprising at least 50 wt.% of olefins, in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst; (e) a second step of oligomerization of at least a portion of obtained effluent to produce middle distillates; and (f) fractionating the effluent.    USE - The process is useful for producing hydrocarbon based middle distillate, preferably hydrocarbon kerosene, which is useful as biofuel in engines.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides hydrocarbon based middle distillate from renewable biomass such as plant material at high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing hydrocarbon based middle distillate, preferably hydrocarbon kerosene from an ethanol charge obtained from renewable source of biomass, comprises: (a) purifying the ethanol charge; (b) dehydrating the purified ethanol charge from step (a) into an ethylene effluent comprising water, where the step is carried out in the presence of an amorphous acid catalyst or zeolite acid catalyst; (c) separating water present in the ethylene effluent obtained from step (b); (d) a first step of oligomerization of at least a portion of the ethylene effluent obtained from step (c) into at least one olefin effluent comprising at least 50 wt.% of olefins having greater than or equal to 4C, in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII element and at least one porous refractory oxide support; (e) a second step of oligomerization of at least a part of the effluent obtained from step (d) to produce middle distillate in the presence of amorphous or zeolite catalyst, where the zeolite catalyst has at least pore openings containing 10 or 12 oxygen atoms; and (f) fractionating the effluent obtained from step (e) of oligomerization.