TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The diluted acid is diluted sulfuric acid, diluted hydrochloric acid, diluted hydrogen nitrate, or diluted phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The straw is maize straw, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, maize core, broomcorn straw, Miscanthus, thatch, jute, piemarker, Cannabis sativa, fiberflax, Apocynum venetum, Ambarihemp, cotton stalk, banana stem, pineapple leaf, Pennisetum hydridum, preferably maize straw, maize core, bagasse or Cannabis sativa. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: (i) distilling the hydrolyzate at reduced pressure, collecting the distillate, obtaining cellulose and xylogen, where the residual is the syrup whose concentration is 20-150 g/L based on xylose or glucose; (ii) detoxifying the syrup, adding nitrogen source to produce fermentation culture medium, vaccinating the zymocyte seed liquid which is in the exponential phase into 10% of the culture medium, where the detoxifying process is electroosmosis, macroporous resin absorption or activated carbon absorption; the nitrogen source is maize, maize extractive, yeast extractive, peptone, diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate or ammonium acetate; and the zymocyte is Clostridium acetobutylicum, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus or Clostridium butyricum. The processing condition of the electroosmosis is: the temperature is 15-30 degrees C, the current density is 600-1000 A/m2; the processing condition of the macroporous resin absorption is as follows: the volume ratio of the syrup to the macroporous resin is 1:3-1:10; the processing time is 4-12 hours; the processing condition of the activated carbon absorption is the volume ratio of the syrup to the activated carbon is 1:3-1:10, and the processing time is 4-12 hours. The obtained solid is processed into xylogen, continuous fiber or staple fiber. The xylogen is further processed into chemical product, which is phenolic resin adhesive, phenolic resin, rubber reinforcing agent or nano-carbon fiber. The continuous fiber and the staple fiber are further processed into carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, polyether polyol and fermentation product. The fermentation product comprises butanol, succinic acid, butanediol, lactic acid, methane, hydrogen.