TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The DC voltage source cycles at a frequency of 300-2000 Hz, preferably 900-1100 Hz. The DC voltage source ramps from V(minimum) to V(maximum) in a time of 0.6-0.9T, preferably 0.66 T. The Delta is less than 1000 volts, preferably 250 volts. The DC source is capable of an output of up to 100 amps, preferably 2-12 amps. The electrodes connected to the positive terminal are in the form of either solid plates, or perforated plates or mesh. The electrodes connected to the negative terminal are in the form other than solid plates, or perforated plates or mesh. The electrodes are pivotally mounted to enable rotation of the electrodes, while maintaining electrical contact with their respective terminals. In the electrolysis cell, V(p1) is 0.05-0.2 Delta . Each intermittent peak V(p1) has a period T(p1) of 0.1-0.4T. In the electrical power unit: the DC voltage source comprises a rechargeable battery and a wave shaping system coupled between the battery and the positive and negative terminals for producing the cycling voltage; the energy conversion system is coupled with the rechargeable battery; and the energy conversion system comprises a heat exchanger (for transferring heat from the combusting hydrogen gas to a liquid, and to convert the liquid to a vapor), an electric generator (driven by the vapor to produce electricity) and a combustion engine fueled by the hydrogen gas and an electric generator driven by the engine, to produce electricity, where the heat exchanger comprises a burner for combusting the hydrogen, a tank holding a volume of the liquid, a ceramic heat diffuser interposed between the burner and the tank, and a condenser coupled in a sealed circuit with the tank (where liquid heated in the tank changes phase to from a vapor that exits in the tank and flows through the condenser to change phase back to a liquid and is returned to the tank). The electrical power unit further comprises a renewable energy transducer producing electricity from a renewable energy source and coupled with the rechargeable battery. The electrical power unit comprises at least one turbine coupled with the electric generator and arranged to be driven by the vapor, where the electric generator is driven by the vapor via the turbines and the turbines are coupled in the sealed circuit and interposed between the boiler and the condenser. The turbine comprises an impeller disposed in the second chamber and fixed to the shaft, where the impeller is configured to generate the negative pressure environment when rotated with the shaft. The valve system comprises: at least one fluid flow path between the first and second chambers, and an actuator capable of progressively opening and constricting the fluid flow paths, where the actuator is configured to respond to an input signal indicative of fluid pressure in the turbine, and the actuator is configured to respond to an input signal indicative of speed of rotation of the shaft; and first and second structures disposed between the first and second chambers, where the first and second structures are provided with first and second sets of holes respectively, and the first and second structures are movable relative to each other between the first position (where the holes in the respective structures register, or at least partially overlap with each other) and a second position (where the holes in the first and second structures are offset from each other). In the turbine, the first and second members comprise first and second plates which lie one upon the other and between the impeller and rotor. The turbine is appended directly or indirectly to any one of the actuator, which is coupled to one of the first and second structures and capable of moving one of the first and second structures relative to the other of the first and second structures.