TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (I): the combined char and oil fraction separated from the aqueous fraction by filtration; and the combined oil and char fraction treated with an organic solvent to create the separate oil and char fractions, where the solvent and the oil fraction form a liquid oil and solvent solution. The process (I) further comprises: separating the liquid oil and solvent solution into a separate oil fraction and a separate solvent fraction by distillation; collecting and recycling the distilled solvent fraction by reuse in a subsequent process step of separating a liquid oil and solvent solution; and recycling the aqueous portion by reuse in growing further biomass. In the process (I), (II) and (III), the treating the combined oil and char fraction with an acid wash after the combined oil and char fraction is separated from the aqueous fraction. In the process (I), (II) and (III), the step of hydrothermally treating the biomass occurring at 170-225 degrees C, over a time span of 0.25 to 2 hours. The process (II) includes the step of adding a hydrocarbon solvent with the low cellulosic biomass while it is being hydrothermally treated to produce a combined char and oil fraction, an aqueous fraction and a liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution, utilizing a phase difference between the aqueous fraction and the liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution to produce a separate aqueous fraction and a separate liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution and separating the liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution into separate hydrocarbon solvent and oil fractions by distillation. The process (III) includes the step of adding a hydrocarbon solvent with the algal biomass while it is being hydrothermally treated to produce a combined char and oil fraction, an aqueous fraction and a liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution, utilizing a phase difference between the aqueous fraction and the liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution to produce a separate aqueous fraction and a separate liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution and separating the liquid hydrocarbon solvent and oil solution into separate hydrocarbon solvent and oil fractions by distillation. The process (III) further includes: treating the combined oil and char fraction with an acid wash after the combined oil and char fraction is separated from the aqueous fraction and subsequently extracting a separate oil fraction from the combined oil and char fraction by use of an organic solvent forming a separate char fraction and a further separate liquid oil and solvent solution, and distilling the further liquid oil and solvent solution into separate oil and solvent fractions. EXAMPLE - Dunaliella (49 g) and distilled water (150 g) were added to the reactor and the reactor was sealed. The unit was heated using an inductive heating arrangement to 200 degrees C for 2 hours. When cool, the unit was opened and the contents filtered to remove a char that was washed with water. The solid was freeze-dried to obtain 19.6 g, 40 wt.% mass yield, of char. A portion of the char (9.54 g) was swirled briefly with hexane (50 ml) and vacuum filtered. Removal of the hexane at reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator left 1.44 g of a brown oil.