TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The downward open conducting tube extends to its lower surface in a funnel shaped manner. The conducting tube comprises a cylindrical pipe section, which tapers towards the discharge connection in upward direction and extends to the rear side of the fermentation container in funnel shaped manner. The conducting tube comprises a cylindrical pipe section, which tapers towards the filling connection in upward direction and extends to the rear side of the fermentation container in funnel shaped manner. The conducting tube exhibits flow-guiding and/or sedimentation promoting built-in components including plates or funnel sections. The filling connection and the discharge connection are arranged at a same level in the upper region of the container. The filling connection and the discharge connection open into the fermentation container tangential to the inner wall of the container. A distribution screen (46) for the production of a back flushing of a part of the outflowing liquid is arranged in upper section of the tubular line sections and/or the conducting tube, conically tapered itself and flowing into the filling connection or the discharge connection. The fermentation container exhibits a sectionwise cylindrical shape with an approximately vertical central axis. The conducting tube arranged in the container, is arranged approximately coaxially to the container. The conducting tube exhibits a diameter, which corresponds to at least 15% and less than 50% of the container diameter. The conducting tube is formed above its length conically or irregularly. The conducting tube is tempered and/or thermally insulated. The conducting tube exhibits flow-guiding and/or flow-conducting control equipments, preferably baffles, arranged on its outer side or inner side. The fermentation container exhibits a base area, which has a funnel-shaped tapering and opens into an additional discharge line. The additional discharge line in the base area of at least one of the container is connected with the filling connection of an upstream and/or downstream container. The container pressure of the first fermentation container is greater than the container pressure of the second container and whose container pressure is in turn greater than the container pressure of the third container. A feed pump is arranged in a connection line between at least two fermentation containers subsequent to each other. At least one of the gas discharge line is connected with the gas supply line of the upstream and/or downstream container. The fermentation container is tempered each differently and/or individually. Preferred Method: The liquid to be fermented is introduced into the upper region of the fermentation container. The liquid to be fermented is introduced from the top into the conducting tube. The liquid is conducted by at least two fermentation containers arranged in a cascade, which are connected with each other in such a way that the discharge connection of the first container is connected with the filling connection of the second container, and the discharge connection of the second container is connected with the filling connection of the third container and so on. The filling of the container is carried out respectively in its upper region and tangential to its container inner wall. The filling of the container is carried out respectively in its upper region and from the top into the conducting tube. The liquid is cooled along the vertically extending container longitudinal direction of the elongated container from top to bottom and then dropped downwards or raised to the top. The liquid containing particles and/or organisms are settled in the lower region of the container and removed continuously and/or cyclically. At least a portion of the particle and/or organisms of a container removed from lower container area are supplied again to at least the container arranged before and/or after the respective container. The containers successive to each other exhibit a decreasing container pressure. The liquid in the containers successive to each other is cooled increasingly and from the increasing cooling of the liquid, more particles and/or organisms are settled. The liquid in the containers successive to each other are heated or cooled increasingly to influence the growth of particular organisms. The liquid in the containers successive to each other are impinged and/or charged with particular gases and/or other substances to influence the growth of particular organisms. At least one additive is added into at least one filling connection of one of the container. The fermentation gas and/or other gases are introduced into at least one gas connection in the lower region of the container.