TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The MLA layers comprise photo-cured resin or thermal-cured resin, titanium oxide nanoparticles, zirconium oxide nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanoparticles and/or other nanoparticles having high index of refraction. The solar cell further has active layer comprising inorganic semiconducting thin films containing amorphous, nanocrystalline, microcrystalline or polycrystalline silicon, silicon-germanium alloy, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, gallium arsenide, copper sulfide, copper-indium sulfide, copper-indium-gallium selenide (Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2) or copper-zinc-tin sulfide or selenide, organic semiconducting thin films based on small molecular-weight organic compounds or conjugated polymers, hybrid organic-inorganic semiconducting thin films containing inorganic nanoparticles and conjugated polymers or molecules, where x is not defined. The electrode comprises a reflective metal. The transparent electrode comprising tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), graphene, carbon nanotube, conductive polymer, metal oxide/metal/metal oxide multilayers, metallic grating, or metallic nanowire network. The metal oxide/metal/metal oxide multilayers are molybdenum/gold/molybdenum oxide multilayers (MoOx/Au/MoOx). Preferred Process: The molding process involves contacting mold having a template of the array of lenses with the transparent substrate comprising a thermoplastic sheet, filling mold having a template of the array of lenses on one face with a thermosetting resin and curing the resin thermally or photochemically to form the transparent substrate having a MLA on one face and/or filling mold having template of the array of lenses on one face with a molten glass and solidifying the glass in the presence of the mold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photo-cured resin comprises an optical adhesive. The flat transparent surface comprises glass, plastic or thermosetting resin. The conductive polymers are polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).