TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: The inorganic dopant comprises at least one p-dopant consisting of chloroplatinous acid, gold (III) chloride, chloroauric acid, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver nitrate, chloropalladic (IV) acid, palladium(II) acetate or copper(II) cyanide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic dopant comprises at least one group comprising an ionic liquid, an acidic compound, and an organic compound. The organic dopant comprises at least one p-dopant consisting of nitronium tetrafluoroborate, nitrosonium salt of fluoroboric acid, nitronium hexafluoroantimonate, hydrochloric acid, dihydrogen phosphate, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, dichlorodicyanoquinone, Oxone (RTM: Potassium peroxymono sulfate), dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol or trifluoromethanesulfonimide. The organic dopant comprises at least one n-dopant consisting of a reduction product of a optionally substituted nicotinamide; a reduction product of a compound which is chemically bound to a substituted or unsubstituted nicotinamide; and a compound comprising at least two pyridinium moieties in which a nitrogen atom of at least one of the pyridinium moieties is reduced. The compound that is chemically bound to a reduction product of nicotinamide is nicotinamide mononucleotide-H, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-H, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-H. The compound comprising at least two pyridinium moieties in which a nitrogen atom of at least one of the pyridinium moieties is reduced is a viologen. The viologen is at least one of 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride, methyl viologen dichloride hydrate, ethyl viologen diperchlorate, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide or di-octyl bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl viologen. The viologen has a molecular structure which includes a conjugated a bipyridyl structure. The molecular structure includes at least one group consisting of an aryl group, an alkenyl group, and an akynyl group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.