TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biologically-derived surfactant is a natural protein surfactant. The natural protein surfactant is a Ranaspumin protein surfactant. The Ranaspumin protein surfactant is a Ranaspumin-2 protein surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzymes are Calvin cycle enzymes. The Calvin cycle enzymes are selected from ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), triosephosphate isomerase, fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The enzymes are transketolase, phosphopentose epimerase and phosphoribulose kinase. The biosolar component is a polymersome embedded with at least one biological proton pump and at least one ATP generator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Encasement: The sol-gel encasement further comprises a capture chamber for capturing glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), where the capture chamber is a sol-gel having an inorganic matrix. The sol-gel encasement further includes the enzyme creatine kinase; and a conversion chamber for converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to sugar, where the conversion chamber is a sol-gel having an inorganic matrix. Preferred Components: The secondary component is a P-doped titanium oxide. The matrix in sol-gel encasement is selected from at least one metal oxide matrix. The at least one metal oxide matrix is selected from SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2. The matrix is functionalized with an antimicrobial agent and/or an antifouling agent. The matrix is functionalized with a nanoparticle including silver and/or magnesium oxide. The matrix is functionalized with a lipid, where the lipid is diacylphosphatidylcholine. The capture chamber is imprinted with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The sol-gel includes immobilized aldolase and isomerase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The secondary component comprises components selected from indicator, a carbon based nanostructure, a dendrimer, a nanoscale device, microelectric machines (MEMs), a microbe, a non- water liquid, and/or gas. The hexose is fructose or glucose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Bubble: The bubble comprises at least two different secondary components. In the bubble, a quantum dot is attached to the biological proton pump, where the quantum dot is attached to bacteriorhodopsin. The bubble for use in method (M1) further includes enzymes selected from transketolase, phosphopentose epimerase and phosphoribulose kinase. Preferred Components: The secondary component comprises a biomolecule. The biomolecule is selected from a small molecule, a peptide, a protein, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleic acid, a lipid, a carbohydrate, a steroid, a hormone, a vitamin, a potential therapeutic agent, a polymer, a vesicle, a cell, a microbe, a drug, and/or organelle. The secondary component comprises a protein. The secondary component comprises a membrane protein. The secondary component comprises a receptor, a channel, a signal transducer, or an ion pump. The secondary component comprises bacteriorodopsin, cytochrome oxidase, aquaporin, or ATPase. The secondary component comprises bacteriorodopsin. The secondary component comprises a polymer matrix and a biomolecule, where the biomolecule is imbedded in the polymer matrix. The secondary component comprises bacteriorhodopsin imbedded in a polymer matrix comprising a polymer produced by the ring-opening cationic polymerization of ethyl oxazoline with bifunctional benzyl chloride-terminated PDMS. The secondary component is a polymersome embedded with functional biomolecules. The functional biomolecules are selected from biological proton pump and an ATP generator. The biological proton pump is selected from the family of rhodopsin proteins. The family of rhodopsin proteins is selected from bacteriorhodopsin and xanthorhodopsin. The ATP generator is F0F1-ATP synthase. The secondary component is ribulose 1,5-biphosphate or NADH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix comprises a homopolymer or copolymer. The polymer matrix comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and/or sol-gel. The polymer matrix comprises modified or unmodified polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutylene, poly(meth)acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, ABS, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, polyterephthalate, polyamide, and/or nylon. The polymer matrix comprises a polymer produced by the ring-opening cationic polymerization of ethyl oxazoline with bifunctional benzyl chloride-terminated PDMS. The polymersome is a di-block copolymer. The di-block copolymer is selected from poly(ethylene oxide-b-polyethylethylene) and poly(1,2 butadiene-b-polyethylene oxide). ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.