TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cationic species balancing more than 1% of the total sulfonate charge are chosen from cationic polymer, hydrogen ion (H+), ferrous ion, ferric ion, alkali ion, calcium ion, zinc ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, and ammonium, preferably cationic polymer and hydrogen ion, most preferably, tertiary ammonium (HNR3+).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The tertiary amine is of formula: NR3.R=1-8C alkyl, 2-6C alkyl substituted by OH or 1-6C alkoxy or di(2-6C alkyl)amino-2-6C alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, tolyl, preferably 2-6C alkyl e.g. ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: The tertiary amine is added to aqueous solution to a pH of 4-7. The neutralized solution or dispersion obtained is subsequently dried, and optionally redissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, especially of boiling point 50-180 degrees C. The aqueous solution or dispersion of the polymer is desalinated by ion-exchange and/or dialysis prior to neutralization. The layer is formed by printing and/or spin-coating. The conductive (co)polymer or blend is obtained by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, aniline or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of a copolymer comprising 10-70 wt.% of structural units derived from polyethylene glycol acrylate or polyethylene glycol methacrylate having free or methylated end groups, and 30-90 wt.% of structural units derived from styrenesulfonate or styrenesulfonic acid. Preferred Property: The conductive copolymer or blend has a number average molecular weight of 10000-200000 Da as determined by size exclusion chromatography. EXAMPLE - In a flask, water (100 ml) was purged with nitrogen, stirred, and heated with an oil bath to 70 degrees C. (In g) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (18.55) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (0.18) were dissolved in water (100 ml), to obtain solution (A). 2-Ethoxyethyl methacrylate (6.67), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (0.27), and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether acrylate (6.67) were used and solution (B) was prepared. A solution of potassium peroxodisulfate (80 mg) dissolved in water (6 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by continuous addition of solutions (A,B). After addition of all monomers, another portion of potassium peroxodisulfate (40 mg) dissolved in water (3 ml) was added and the reaction was continued at 95 degrees C. After cooling, the mixture was centrifuged and the deposited solid was discarded. The solution was filtered. The solution was concentrated and freeze-dried, to obtain white solid (26.6) with a conversion ratio of 97%, having a number average molecular weight of 75200, a weight average molecular weight of 163300, and a molecular weight distribution of 2.17. A solution (40) containing the polymer (2.4) was diluted with water (100 ml). 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (0.358) was and stirred at room temperature. Iron(III) sulfate (96 mg) dissolved in water (1.67 ml) was added, followed by addition of ammonium peroxodisulfate (1.09). The reaction mixture was kept under argon and stirred overnight. The product was purified to obtain shell-only polymer with poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene). An organic LED obtained using the polymer had an efficiency of 13 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2.