TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The feed of biological origin is: (i) fats, waxes, plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes, animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes, fish fats, fish oils or fish waxes; (ii) fatty acids or free fatty acids obtained from (i), by hydrolysis, transesterification or pyrolysis; (iii) esters obtained from (i), by transesterification; (iv) metal salts of fatty acids obtained from (i) by saponification; (v) anhydrides of fatty acids from (i); (vi) esters obtained by esterification of free fatty acids of plant, animal and fish origin with alcohols; and (vii) fatty alcohols or aldehydes obtained as reduction products of fatty acids from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes, fish fats, fish oils and/or fish waxes; (viii) recycled food grade fats and oils, and fats, oils and waxes obtained by genetic engineering; (ix) dicarboxylic acids or polyols including diols, hydroxyketones, hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and corresponding di- or multifunctional sulfur compounds, and corresponding di- or multifunctional nitrogen compounds; (x) compounds derived from algae; (xi) terpene-based compounds obtained from plants, terpene oils, distillation bottoms from terpene distillation and flavorants and/or fragrance industry; and/or (xii) resins, resin acids or sterols obtained from plants, bio-oil from hydropyrolyzed wood, Fischer-Tropsch wax. The feed of biological origin is: fish oils such as Baltic herring oil, salmon oil, herring oil, tuna oil, anchovy oil, sardine oil, or mackerel oil; plant oils such as rapeseed oil, colza oil, canola oil, tall oil, crude tall oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, hemp oil, linen seed oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, Jatropha seed oil, Pongamia pinnata seed oil, palm kernel oil, or coconut oil; animal fats such as lard, tallow, rendered lard and rendered tallow and waste and recycled food grade fats and oils, or fats, waxes and oils produced by genetic engineering; animal waxes such as bee wax, Chinese wax (insect wax), shellac wax, and lanolin (wool wax); and/or plant waxes such as carnauba palm wax, Ouricuri palm wax, jojoba seed oil, candelilla wax, esparto wax, Japan wax, rice bran oil, terpenes, terpineol or triglycerides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An additional sulfur feed is fed to the step of hydroprocessing, where hydrogen is recovered and recycled back to the step of hydroprocessing. A portion of the mixture of fuel components is recycled back to the feed of biological origin and/or to the step of hydroprocessing. The step of hydroprocessing is carried out at 280-500 degrees C, preferably 330-430 degrees C, and at a pressure of 30-200 bar, preferably 50-90 bar. The process further comprises a hydropolishing step for treating the obtained mixture of fuel components. Any component can be isolated from the mixture of fuel components obtained. Preferred Components: The NiW catalyst is supported by a support including alumina, zeolite, zeolite-alumina, or alumina-silicon dioxide. The catalyst is diluted with silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, glass beads, less active similar catalyst and/or inert ingredients. The catalyst system optionally comprises at least one guard bed. The weight hourly spatial velocity of the feed material is 0.4-3, preferably 0.7-0.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus comprises at least one sulfur feed inlet. The apparatus comprises a first separation unit outlet for feeding gases to a first separation unit and a first hydrogen recycle outlet (6) for recycling hydrogen back to the first hydrogen feed inlet. The hydroprocessing reactor comprises a guard bed. The apparatus comprises at least one guard bed unit. The apparatus further comprises at least one hydropolishing reactor for hydropolishing the obtained mixture of fuel components. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.