TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the manufacture of the solar cell, the printing step to form the p-type semiconductive layer takes place by ink-jet printing, stamping, spraying, brushing, rod-coating, spin-coating, dipping, drop-coating, or screen printing. The weight ratio of micron-sized semiconductor to nano-sized semiconductor is 15-0.1, preferably 10-0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Components: The ink further comprises 10-95 (preferably 25-65) wt.% of solid ingredients, and optionally chalcogen elements of selenium or sulfur. The ink optionally contains a polymer thickening agent to stabilize the nanoparticle ink, where the polymer thickening agent is a thermally decomposable polymer that will be completely removed upon heating at less than or equal to 550 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micron-sized semiconductor particles are polycrystalline particles formed by ball milling or simple physical grinding, where the size of the micron-sized semiconductor particles is preferably 0.5-2 mu m. The nano-sized semiconductor particles are chalcopyrite polycrystalline particles formed by one or a series of chemical reactions, where the size of the nano-sized semiconductor particles is 5-250 nm. The transparent conductive metal oxide is a thin film of zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, cadmium-doped zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide or indium trisulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid vehicle is aqueous liquid with major portion of water, or up to 50C-organic hydrocarbon, up to 50C-halogenated hydrocarbon, up to 50C-halogenated aryl hydrocarbon or up to 50C-halogenated heteroaryl hydrocarbon. The ink stabilizer solvents are organic amine, organic diamine, organic amide, organic imide, organic pyrrole, organic pyrrolidone, organic phosphine, organic phosphine oxide, aliphatic alcohol, aromatic alcohol, polyethylene oxide, acetate or organic carboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer thickening agent is preferably poly(acrylate amide), poly(acrylate acid), poly(vinyl acetate) or sodium salt of poly(acrylate acid). The polymer binder is ethylene vinyl acetate polymer. EXAMPLE - Typical semiconductive ink comprised (in parts by weight) of: copper-indium-selenide particles with a size of 0.6 mu m (60); nanosized copper-indium-selenide (30); oleylamine (3); anisole (60); and butyl acetate (60).