TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cell fixing member is formed of metallic material. The coating layer is formed of mixture of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based ceramic and metal comprising nickel oxide and/or copper oxide. The welding portion comprises boron-nickel (BNi) and/or boron copper (BCu). The content of metal element in dip-coating solution is sequentially increased at 50-95 wt.%. The method also comprises electrolytically plating nickel and/or copper after forming of coating layer
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The battery has negative electrode containing the active material, a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of negative electrode active material is 4-9 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out in inert atmosphere. The method further involves washing (GG) electroconductive carrier particles which supports platinum or platinum alloy modified with gold using nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The energy storage material contains PVC and pyrolytic modified microporous carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the slurry is 500-2000 g/L. The nickel compound, cobalt compound and nickel compound are chosen from oxide, hydroxide, oxyhydroxide, carbonate and acetate. The lithium compound is hydroxide and/or carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The foamed material comprises alkali metal that is selected from the group which consists of sodium, potassium, and lithium. The foaming acceleration material is selected from the group which consists of aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, alum, sodium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The structural material is selected from group which consists of aluminum silicate, sodium silicofluoride, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, mullite, diatomaceous earth, alumina, silica, mica, titanium oxide, vermiculite, pearlite, maglite, sepiolite, talc, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium sulfate, and cement.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal mesh is selected from the group which consists of stainless steel, iron, nickel, aluminum, titanium, and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing cobalt compound, nickel compound, manganese compound, and lithium salt; subjecting the mixture to wet spherical grinding; drying the mixture after wet spherical grinding is over; increasing and maintaining the temperature; cooling the material to room temperature; subjecting the mixture to spherical grinding; screening the mixture by 400-mesh screen; obtaining ternary composite oxide lithium salt of lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide; adding copper compound to lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide; performing spherical grinding; drying the mixture at 90 degrees C for 8-12 hours; increasing temperature to 300-600 degrees C; maintaining temperature for 3-6 hours; cooling the mixture to room temperature; grinding the materials; screening the materials by 400-mesh sieve; and obtaining anode material (C1). The cobalt compound is cobaltic oxide, cobaltosic oxide, cobalt carbide, and/or cobaltous acetate. The nickel compound is nickel oxide, nickel acetate, nickel protoxide, and/or nickel trioxide. The manganese compound is manganese dioxide, manganese acetate, manganese sesquioxide, and/or trimanganese tetroxide. The lithium salt is lithium carbide, lithium acetate, lithium nitride, and/or lithium hydroxide. The copper compound is copper nitride, copper acetate, copper oxide, copper chloride, and/or copper sulfate. It is added at 2-10% of the amount of the amount of lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide. The first drying step comprises drying the mixture for 8-12 hours at 70-90 degrees C; increasing temperature to 300-600 degrees C for 4-9 hours; and increasing temperature to 700-850 degrees C for 12-18 hours, where temperature increasing speed is 4 degrees C/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solvent used in wet spherical grinding is absolute alcohol, acetone, or deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of binder with respect to active material particles, electroconductive particles and binder is 20-80 %mass. The active material particles are silicon group particles. The electroconductive base material has surface roughness of 1 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, and kerosene are used as liquid raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium complex oxide is lithium-phosphorus oxide (LiPO2) or lithium triflate. The negative electrode which can occlude/release lithium ion is a carbonaceous material, an alloy type material, or a lithium-containing metal complex oxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (I) is preferably of formula (III). Compound (II) is lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluoro-oxalatoborate, lithium tetrafluoro-oxalato phosphate, lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and/or lithium trisoxalato phosphate. The carbonate is a cyclic carbonate. The carbonate having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is vinylene carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate. The content of carbonate having fluorine atom in the nonaqueous solvent is less than 50 %mass. The carbonate having fluorine atom is fluoroethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate, and/or 2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethyl carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    X=phosphorus or sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The graphite particles having aspect ratio of 0.05-20 and interlayer distance of 0.335-0.339 nm. Preferred Composition: The graphite particles comprises graphite particles obtained by coating carbon on nuclear graphite, graphite particles obtained by coating graphite to nucleus graphite and/or natural graphite particles. The negative electrode active material contains carbonaceous material having Raman R value of 0.1 or more. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains compound (a) of formula: LiaXObFc, carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (III), and carbonate having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond or fluorine atoms.X=element of group 13, 15 or 16 in periodic table;a,c=1-2;A=alkali metal;M=element of group 13, 14 or 15 in periodic table;f=0-6 or 8;R5=1-10C alkylene, 1-10C haloalkylene, 6-20C arylene or 6-20C haloarylene (all optionally substituted and optionally having heteroatom);R6=halo, X3R7, or 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 6-20C aryl or 6-20C haloaryl (all optionally substituted and optionally having heteroatom);X1-X3=O, S or NR8;R7,R8=H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 6-20C haloaryl (all optionally substituted and optionally having heteroatom);or two or more of R7+R8=ring;q=0 or 1;andb,s=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbyl compound (I) is of formula (II).Y"=C=O, S=O, S(=O)2, P(=O)-R2 or P(=O)OR3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The Sn-type soldered joint material is made of Sn-indium (In) type solder, Sn-silver (Ag)-Cu type solder, Sn-Ag-Cu-bismuth (Bi) type solder, Sn-Ag-cu-In type solder and Sn-Bi type solder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystal structure of hydrogen storage alloy is of formula: MmNiaMnbAlcCod, where Mm is misch metal, M is nickel, manganese, aluminum, and cobalt, and a+b+c+d+e is more than 5. The amount of aluminum contain in hydrogen storage alloy is 0.1-0.5 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness ratio of thin fiber layer with respect to thin fiber layer is 10:90-25:75. Preferred Composition: The thin fiber layer contains 0-30 %mass of organic fiber having acid resistance and heat fusibility, 0-30 %mass of inorganic fiber powder and 50 %mass more of fine glass fiber. The thick fiber layer contains 0-30 %mass of organic fiber having acid resistance and heat fusibility and 70 %mass of fine glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The printed circuit board further comprises a conductive cover layer (6a) that covers a surface of the conductor layer. The patterns of the conductor layer and the adhesive layer are formed such that the conductor layer and the adhesive layer have a common opening. The insulating layer has one surface and the other surface, and has a first and second regions that are adjacent to each other on the one surface, where the insulating layer can be bent at a bend portion between the first and second regions such that the first region and the second region are opposite to each other, and the conductor layer includes a first conductor portion formed in the first region of the insulating layer, and a second conductor portion formed in the second region of the insulating layer. The conductor layer has first and second main surfaces and side surfaces, and the cover layer is formed on each of the first and second main surfaces and the side surfaces of the conductor layer, where the conductor layer is provided on the insulating layer such that the cover layer is sandwiched between the first main surface and the insulating layer. The adhesive layer is made of a photosensitive material. Preferred Method: In the method (I) and (II) of manufacturing the printed circuit board the step of forming the adhesive pattern includes the steps of forming the adhesive layer on the support layer to cover the conductor pattern, and forming the adhesive pattern by subjecting the adhesive layer to exposure processing and development processing. The step of removing the exposed region of the adhesive layer that does not overlap the conductor pattern includes the step of removing the exposed region of the adhesive layer using plasma. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method of reducing contaminants in an environment, the MOI is an enzyme. The recombinant Bacillus family member is selected from strains of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and their combination. The B. exosporium protein is selected from a Bacillus BclA protein, a Bacillus BclB protein, a Bacillus BclE protein and their combination. The positioning sequence encodes amino acid residues selected from about the first 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 amino acid residues of the NTD of a B. exosporium protein, where the B. exosporium protein selected from a Bacillus BclA protein, a Bacillus BclB protein, a Bacillus BclE protein and their combination. The fusion construct includes an entire B. exosporium protein. The contaminated environment is selected from liquid, solid, semi-solid, and gaseous environments. The MOI reacts with the contaminate where reducing the amount of the contaminant found in the contaminated environment. In the method of producing an energy source, the MOI reacts with the biomass material to produce an energy source. The method is used in fuel cell production. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Virucide; Antiparasitic. Tests are described, but no results are given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Vaccine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Filter (3) consists of honeycomb or corrugated filter, and filter (4) is a pleat filter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic buffer solution is an aqueous solution containing phosphate buffer and/or citrate buffer solution (1-10 wt.%). The weakly alkaline metal salt is sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium citrate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, and/or potassium citrate. The supporting amount of weakly alkaline metal salt is 5-50 mg/g of activated-carbon-mixed paper. The mixed paper supports 40-80 wt.% of activated carbon. The loading amount of metal zeolite is 50-200 mg/g of fiber. The metal zeolite is copper zeolite, silver zeolite, zinc zeolite, and/or platinum zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal phthalocyanine complex is cobalt phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine, and/or manganese phthalocyanine. The supporting amount of metal phthalocyanine complex is 200-20000 mu g/g of activated-carbon-mixed paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of metallic element with respect to carbon is 0.05 or less. The metallic element is chosen from iron, cobalt, and nickel. The carbon catalyst has BET specific surface area of 200 m2/g or more. The precursor is carbonized at 400-800 degrees C or 650-1500 degrees C. The precursor contains at least one type of metallic compound. The non-oxidizing atmosphere contains gas chosen from nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, water vapor and ammonia, preferably hydrogen, water vapor and ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The organic macromolecular material is chosen from phenol resin, furan resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, melamine resin, polyurethane, thermosetting polyimide, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, azole, ladder polymer, polyacrylonitrile and hyper-branched metal phthalocyanine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The deposit component is washed with water in the filter press. The obtained wet cake is dried by pressure reduction and/or heating. Preferred Composition: The water content of wet cake after initial drying is 40 weight% or less. The transition metal elements are nickel and/or manganese, cobalt and iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid-liquid separation is filtration. Preferred Composition: The transition metal element is nickel and/or manganese, and cobalt and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Flocculent: The flocculant is polymer flocculant with mean molecular weight of 700000 or more and anion degree of 80% or more. The addition amount of the flocculant is 0.5 wt.% or more with respect to the transition metal hydroxide in the slurry. The temperature at the time of flocculant addition is 40 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The group 1 or group 2 metal element is chosen from manganese, tin, titanium and zirconium, preferably manganese. The transition metal element is chosen from manganese, nickel and cobalt, preferably manganese and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reactive radical surface is made of material selected from a group consisting of tin, aluminum, lead, zinc, bismuth, magnesium, gallium, cadmium, silver, platinum, palladium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, copper, titanium, tungsten, cobalt, vanadium and germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The battery unit is made of lithium nickel cobalt, lithium-manganese, lithium nickel cobalt, lithium nickel, lithium titanium, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, and lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of active material (b) with respect to total content of active materials (a) and (b) in the positive electrode is 5-25 %mass. The active material (b) contains carbonaceous material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Method: In operating the fuel cell, the anode pressure is less than the cathode pressure by at least 20-200 kPa. The difference between anode pressure and cathode pressure is maintained for at least 10 minutes of continuous service. The anode pressure is lower than a maximum pressure which is 90-25 kPa or less. The anode pressure is at least 10-20 kPa. The anode pressure is maintained below the maximum pressure for at least 10 minutes of continuous service. The anode pressure is maintained below the maximum pressure for less than 1 minute of continuous service. The fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly comprising nanostructured thin film cathode catalyst; a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer where the microporous layer of the anode GDL is thinner than the microporous layer of the cathode GDL. The fuel cell comprises an anode flow field with a reactant pressure drop of less than 90 kPa or less than 50 kPa or less than 25 kPa or less than 10 kPa where the anode pressure is maintained below the maximum pressure. The fuel cell system comprises an anode reactant recirculation system capable of maintaining anode reactant pressure less than atmospheric pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The specific surface area of carbon powder is 1000 m2/g or more. Preferred Composition: The element of the metal ion in the aqueous solution is chosen from nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum, titanium, iron, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum, magnesium and calcium. Preferred Process: The heat processing is performed at 400 degrees C or more. The baking process performed at 700-1000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The precursor sheet is subjected to heat-press molding, and oxidation treatment, during manufacture of porous electrode base material. The carbon short fibers are joined by three-dimensional mesh shaped carbon fiber. The carbon fiber precursor short fiber (A) is obtained by cutting easy-split fiber property sea island composite fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (C) is a cyclic sulfone compound (I). The electrolyte further contains ester compound of formula (III) (0.001-10 %mass) and ester compound of formula (IV) (0.001-10). The amount of compound (C) is 0.001-10 %mass.Y1,Y2=H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl;andX1-X4=H, fluoro, chloro or 1-3C alkyl optionally substituted with fluoro, all are not H. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=H, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, alloy, trimethylsilyl, dimethyl t-butyl silyl, triethylsilyl or triisopropyl silyl;    or R1+R2+C,R3+R4+C=cyclopentyl or methylene (II);and    one of R5,R6=H, and other is dimethylamino.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar quantity of the electrolyte with respect to the gross mass of the electrolyte solution is 0.1-3.0 mol/L, and the mass of non-fluorine-type ether compound is 1-20 %mass with respect to the gross mass of electrolyte solution. The content of the nitrile compound is 0.5-60 vol.% with respect to the whole amount of electrolyte solution. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium di(fluoro sulfonyl)imide, lithium di(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium di(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)imide or lithium perchlorate, lithium 2,3,7,8-tetraoxo-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-boraspiro(4.4)nonan-5-uide, lithium 2,2-difluoro-4,5-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-uide or lithium compound of formula (a). The ether compound is of formula: R3-O(CH2CH2O)m-R4. The electrolyte further contains oxygen-containing compound chosen from of formulae (VII) or (VIII), and 0-30 %mass of linear carbonate of formula: C(-R7)(-R6)(-R8)-O-C(=O)-O-C(-R9)(-R11)-R10 (IX).k=1-5;R3,R4=1-5C alkyl or 1-10C alkylene;andR6-R17=H, halo or (halo)alkyl.The fluoroether compound is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane, or 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)propane. Preferred Definitions:    X=CH2, CH2CH2, CH(CH3)CH2 or (CH2)3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) has a platinum face-centered cubic (Pt fcc) lattice parameter of less than 3.73 (preferably 3.70-3.72). The platinum nickel (PtNi) compound is PtNi binary alloy having a Pt fcc lattice parameter of 3.69-3.73. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrochemically reactive material is reactive with lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, salts, and/or ions, and consists of silicon, gallium, germanium, platinum, silver, gold, indium, tin, aluminum, zinc, antimony, cadmium, arsenic, lead, and/or magnesium. The source of the counter ions is lithium metal, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium titanium oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium-aluminum, lithium-antimony, and/or lithium-tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises ether, ester, carbonate, alcohol, ketone, sulfonate, or aromatic solvent, and consists of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethoxyethane, and/or butylethyl ether-1-tert-butoxy-2-ethoxyethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The current collector is a wire made from a metal consisting of gold, silver, platinum and palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The insulator is an aqueous solution of methanol. The polymer matrix has embedded within it hydrophobic, aromatic acetate that is o-nitrophenyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer is comprised of first triacetyl- beta -cyclodextrin (20-35 vol.%), polyethylene glycol (10-20 vol.%), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (25-30 vol.%), and second beta -cyclodextrin (15-45 vol.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of conductive polymer in the composite is 5-30 weight%. The conductive polymer is polypyrrole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The fibrous sulfur-containing material is nonwoven fabric having average diameter of 50 mu m or less, and is formed by electro spinning method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porous material is biaxially-oriented porous polypropylene film. The polymer electrolyte contains polymer microparticles and ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The porous material is a nonwoven fabric having basic weight of 20 g/m2 or less, or paper. The nonwoven fabric or paper is a composite material of fiber having mean diameter of less than 1 mu m and fiber having mean diameter of 1-15 mu m, and contains inorganic fine particles and/or polymer microparticles. Preferred Property: The tensile strength of porous material during coating-liquid impregnation is 1 N/cm or less, and has width which is more than the width of base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is mixed solvent of saturated cyclic carbonate compound, saturated cyclic ester compound, sulfoxide compound, sulfone compound, amide compound, saturated linear carbonate compound, chain-shaped ether compound, cyclic ether compound and/or saturated chain-shaped ester compound. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains unsaturated phosphoric acid ester compounds of formulae: ((HCC-C(R3)(R4)-O)2-P(=O)-O-R5) (II) and ((R8-O)2-P(=O)-O-C(R6)(R7)-(CC)m-C(R6)(R7)-O-P(=O)-(O-R8)2) (III), sulfite ester compound, sulfonic-acid ester compound, imide salt of alkali metal, fluorosilane compound, organic disilane, organic disiloxane, unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound, unsaturated linear carbonate compound, unsaturated diester compound or halogen-containing cyclic carbonate compound.R3,R4,R6,R7=H or 1-8C alkyl;R5,R8=1-8C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 2-8C alkynyl or 1-8C haloalkyl;andm=1 or 2.Preferred Property: The content of saturated chain-shaped ester compound in mixed solvent, is 0.5-30 mass%. METTALURGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode contains positive electrode active material comprising nickel or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from a group of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropylcarbonate, butylmethylcarbonate, ethylpropylcarbonate, dipropyl carbonate, cyclopentanone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-Methyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-diethoxymethan, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolan, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitromethane and 1,3-propansulton.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric fibers are selected from a group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyamideimide, polyether, polyphenylene sulphide, aramid and polyethylene terephthalate. A polymer layer comprising polyolefin is formed between the separator and the electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The negative slurry has conductive agent e.g. silicon dioxide, acetylene black, conductive graphite and carbon nanotube and adhesive i.e. polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Processes: Electrode material is obtained by heat processing starting material containing organic metal compound and sulfur component. Preferred Components: Electrode material contains mixture consists of particle, particulate solid electrolyte, and conductive support agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of metal-sulfide containing particle is 1-500 nm. Preferred Components: Metal sulfide-containing particle contains iron sulfide, cobalt sulfide, nickel sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium sulfide, and/or organic component of tin sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises an electrocatalyst, and an inorganic base. Preferred Components: The electrocatalyst comprises platinum or platinum on carbon. The inorganic base is tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyol is selected from glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, butanetriol, pentanetriol, and/or hexanetriol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The temperature is 140-210 degrees C. The method further involves forming the dispersion into an electrode for use in a fuel cell, sensor, or capacitor. The method is free from the step of freeze-drying the composition. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon-based ionomer is selected from sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone), sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone), sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile), sulfonated polyphenylene, and/or sulfonated polyimide. The hydrocarbon-based ionomer is a salt comprising a cation selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, iron, cesium, magnesium, cesium, tetrabutyl ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium, and/or tetraethyl ammonium. The hydrocarbon-based ionomer is protonated; and has an equivalent weight of less than or equal to 1600. The ionomer is selected from perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers, and/or hydrocarbon-based ionomers. EXAMPLE - A 1,4 butanediol (21.57 g), perfluorinated sulfonic acid (having equivalent weight (EW) of 1000 to 1100) (0.54 g) with the functional groups having been hydrolyzed to SO3H form (solid content 2.5 wt.%), and the polymer itself being in the form of membrane having a thickness of 50 micrometer, were placed in a 60 ml vial. The vial was heated in a convection oven at 170 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain a polymer dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte material is sulfide solid electrolyte material e.g. lithium cobaltate and lithium titanate, thio-lithium superionic conductor material or oxide solid electrolyte material. The electrode active material layer is negative electrode active material or positive electrode active material e.g. oxide positive electrode active material such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum mixed oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese mixed oxide, lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium-vanadium dioxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium iron silicate and lithium manganese silicate, and olivine type positive electrode active material such as lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-containing compound is inorganic phosphorous acid. The boron-containing compound is inorganic boric acid. The electrode active material comprises silicon oxide (SiOx, where x is more than 0 to less than 2). The carbon source is a water-soluble compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent (a) is an aqueous solvent. The solvent (b) is nonaqueous solvent having compatibility with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The zirconium hydrogen phosphate crystal or titanium hydrogen phosphate crystal is obtained by mixing zinc-phosphate glass powder or phosphoric acid-cobalt glass powder with benzimidazole or its derivative, and has average particle diameter of 5-20 nm. An aluminum ion (0.01-0.3 parts weight) is further added to the raw material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton conductor further contains a compound formed by reacting phosphate ion, zinc ion or cobalt ion with benzimidazole or its derivative. The weight ratio of zinc-phosphate glass powder, phosphoric acid cobalt glass powder to benzimidazole or its derivative is 1:3-1:4. The ratio of zirconium, titanium and phosphorus in mixture of zirconium hydrogen phosphate or titanium hydrogen phosphate is 1:2-1:5. The weight ratio of zirconium hydrogen phosphate to titanium hydrogen phosphate is 1:4-1:6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises metal (I) chosen from carbon, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, gold, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, osmium, iridium, and their alloys, preferably platinum, palladium, and ruthenium, and further comprises metal (II) chosen from carbon, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, gold, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, osmium, iridium, and their alloys. The atomic ratio of the metal (I) and metal (II) is 100:1-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium iron phosphate is preferably lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). The sulfur-containing compound is sulfide, sulfite and/or sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic material is made of polypropylene or polyphenylenesulfide (PPS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium iron phosphate is preferably lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). The sulfide is lithium sulfide, iron sulfide and/or ammonium sulfide. The lithium iron phosphate is represented by the following equation: (Li(1-a1-b1)Fe(a1/2)M1(b1/2)Fe1-cM2cP1-dX1dO4-eSe), where M1 is magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, chromium, copper, vanadium, cerium, tin, barium, calcium, strontium or zinc, M2 is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, chromium, copper, vanadium, cerium, tin, barium, calcium, strontium or zinc, X1 is arsenic, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, vanadium or tellurium, a1 and b1 are 0-0.6, c is 0-1 and e is 0-3.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises polyether functionality and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The surfaces of anode groove body and cathode groove body fitted with ion exchange film are provided with U-shaped sealing pieces (6, 10). The upper cover (18) is provided with pole plate wire outlet (14). The pole plate clamping groove is integrated with groove body. The anode groove body and cathode groove body are independent units. The threaded column is inner hexagonal threaded column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The graphite active material has particle size of 100 nm to 100 mu m. Preferred Material: The conductive material is graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotube, graphene or acetylene black. The content of conductive material is 1-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alcohol is ethanol, methanol, isopropanol or mixed solvent of acetone and isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and styrene-butadiene rubber. The content of binder is 1-20 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anodic reversible redox couple electrolyte is a polyhalide-halide redox couple. The cathodic reversible redox couple electrolyte is an inorganic acid containing ions selected from iron, vanadium, cerium, and chromium. The cathodic reversible redox couple electrolyte is V(II)-V(III) redox couple. The anode, cathode and solution electrodes are coated with a catalyst made from a metal or a metal compound selected from platinum, ruthenium, iridium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The region (I) contains phosphate compound (A), and region (II) contains phosphate compound (B). The phosphate compounds (A,B) have an olivine structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon is silicon hydride, silicon fluoride or silicon chloride. The current collector is formed on substrate (115). The current collector comprises metal element which forms silicide by reacting with silicon. The power storage device further has a mixed layer (107) containing silicon and metal element formed on current collector, and metal oxide layer (109). The mixed layer comprises silicide. The metal element is zirconium, titanium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt or nickel. The metal oxide layer is zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, cobalt oxide and/or nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A polyanion consists of phosphate, silicate, sulfate and fluorosulfate. A transition metal ion consists of the divalent ions of iron and manganese. The active material of the positive electrode is lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The secondary particles have spherical shape and average particle diameter of 3-8 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: lithium iron phosphate is represented by the following equation: (Li1+aFe1-bMb(PO4-c)Xc), where M is aluminum, magnesium or titanium, X is fluorine, sulfur or nitrogen, a is -0.5 to 0.5, b is 0-0.5, and c is 0-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium iron phosphate is represented by the following equations: (Li1+aFe1-xMx(PO4-b)Xb), preferably LiFePO4, and (Li(1-a1-b1)Fe(a1/2)M1(b1/2)Fe1-cM2cP1-dX1dO4-eSe), where M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, gallium, copper, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, cerium, indium, zinc or yttrium, M1 is magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, chromium, copper, vanadium, cerium, tin, barium, calcium, strontium or zinc, M2 is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, chromium, copper, vanadium, cerium, tin, barium, calcium, strontium or zinc, X is fluorine, sulfur or nitrogen, X1 is arsenic, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, vanadium or tellurium, a is -0.5 to 0.5, b is 0-0.1, a1 and b1 are 0-0.6, c is 0-1, e is 0-3.5, and x is 0-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The separator material further includes an absorptive glass mat comprising micro glass fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The benzaldehyde derivative is vanillin, ortho-anisaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, veratraldehyde and/or 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The separator material includes high-strength polymer web having polyethylene component, and a silica component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is selected from a polyester resin, polyolefin resin, and an ethylene copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The method confirms to a communication protocol i.e. wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The SCI module is provided with an RS232 and an RS485. The diagnosis core unit is provided with an electrically EPROM (EEPROM) module, which is connected with the micro-controller through a serial peripheral interface (SPI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cross-linking agent has methylol group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hydrogen-ion exchange capacity of proton-conductive polymer is 0.5-5 meq/g. The depth of the recessed part or the height of the convex part is 1 mu m, preferably less than or equal to 1/5 of the film thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The width of the recessed part or the convex part is greater than or equal to 50 mu m, and the depth of the recessed part or the height of the convex part is 1-1000 mu m. Preferred Property: The temperature that heats the coating film is 60-250 degrees C. The recessed part or the convex part is formed by machining using a cutting blade. The base material is a glass board material or silicon wafer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-aqueous electrolyte contains one or more types of compound selected from the group consisting of a cyclohexylbenzene, a biphenyl, an alkyl biphenyl, terphenyl, hydrogenation terphenyl, a cyclohexylbenzene, butylbenzene, t-amyl benzene, a diphenylether, anisole, dibenzofuran, naphthalene, a partial fluorinated material of an aromatic compound, or a fluorine-containing anisole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium transition metal compound is made of a lithium titanium oxide or lithium titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium phosphate and/or lithium carbonate. The iron compound is iron citrate, ferrous oxalate, iron phosphate, iron sulfate, iron oxide, iron carbonate and/or metallic iron. The phosphoric acid compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid. Preferred Condition: The temporarily baking process is carried out at 250-400 degrees C and baking process is carried out at 600-800 degrees C. Preferred Property: The positive electrode active material has discharge capacity of 130 mAh/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material is polyethylene glycol, polystyrene or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of a metal consisting of copper, gold, tin, nickel, nickel phosphide and/or their alloys, where a thickness of the metal deposit is 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base polymer consists of polyamide base, polyester and/or aramide. The hydrophobic coating polymer consists of poly(styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene), poly(styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene), poly(butadiene) hydroxyl homopolymer, poly(butadiene-octene), poly(ethylene-octene), poly(butadiene-propylene), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), PVDF-hexafluoropropylene, PVDF-co-trifluoroethylene or poly(styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene) grafted by maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent comprises branched alcohol, preferably isopropanol, ethanol or hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium titanium composite oxide includes at least one element selected from barium, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion-conductive inorganic compound is of formula: A1+yM2yM12-y(PO4)3.A=alkali metal;andM2=Al, Sc, In, Fe, Cr, Ga, Y or La. EXAMPLE - Lithium carbonate, alumina, titanium dioxide, and titanium(IV) pyrophosphate, (TiP207) were reacted in weight ratio of 0.65:0.15:0.2:1.5, and dry-grinding was performed, to obtain powder. The obtained powder was molded into product having diameter of 40 mm and height of 10 mm, and baked, to obtain lithium-aluminum-titanium phosphate (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3), with yield of 91.2 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealant layer further contains lubricating agent (0.5 %mass or less). The adhesive resin layer contains acid modified polyolefin resin microparticles with average particle diameter of 200 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The electronic detection control circuit is connected with a controller area network(CAN) bus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive-electrode active material comprises secondary particles and lithium manganate exists on surface of secondary particles. The lithium-boron complex oxide is lithium borate. The lithium-tungsten complex oxide is lithium tungstate. The manganese of lithium manganate is substituted by magnesium and/or aluminum. The lithium manganate is of formula: Li1+xMyMn2-x-yO4.aLi2B4O7.bLi2WO4.M=Al or Mg;x=0-0.2;y=0-0.5;a=0.0001-0.005;andb=0.005-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of polyimide layer is 0.5-50 mu m. The battery-cell separator has film breaking temperature of 200 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The porous membrane comprises single layer or multilayer film of nonwoven fabric containing polyolefin. The poor-solvent bath comprises aqueous solution of polyimide (40 wt.% or more).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The pressure is applied through a hot press. In the method, the temperature is 150-200 degrees C, and the duration is 5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate based solvent is propylene carbonate and/or ethylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PVDF comprises a PVDF homopolymer having: a density of 1.76 cm3; a melting point of 158-160 degrees C; a volume resistivity of 1x 1015 ohm-cm at 23 degrees C; a dielectric strength of 6 kV/mm; a maximum water absorption of 0.02 wt.%; elongation at breakage and yield of 100% and 10%, respectively; and a tensile modulus of 1310 MPa. The PVDF homopolymer exhibits 1% mass loss in nitrogen at 410 degrees C and a glass transition temperature of -39 degrees C. The mixture consists essentially of 60 wt.% of PVDF homopolymer and 40 wt.% of propylene carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid electrolyte material has thickness of 200 nm to 5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: The composite metal oxide has BET specific surface area of 0.1-5 m2/g. Preferred Definitions:    x=0.2-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electrolytic copper foil has surface roughness of 1.5 mu m or less and room-temperature tensile strength of 50-70 kg/mm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material particles contain inorganic powder containing lithium oxide (20-50 mol%), ferric oxide (5-40 mol%) and phosphorus pentoxide (5-40 mol%). The inorganic powder further contains 0.1-25 mol% of niobium oxide, vanadium oxide, silica, boron trioxide, germanium oxide, alumina, gallium oxide, antimony trioxide and bismuth oxide. Alternately, the inorganic powder is crystallized glass powder. The positive electrode material contains 0.01-20 %mass of carbon. A thermosetting resin or surfactant is further added to the crystalline glass powder during the manufacture of the positive electrode material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The exhaust manifold displaces the collected exhaust gas mixed with a carbon dioxide-binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-aging agent is antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The average molecular weight of 1,3-butadiene polymer is 20000-80000. The sealing composition further comprises 5-15C organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A heat resistant porous layer laminated to one or both surfaces of the polyolefin microporous membrane includes a heat resistant resin which is chosen from the group consisting of a fully aromatic polyamide, a polyimide, a polyamidoimide, a polysulfone, a polyketone, a polyether ketone, a polyether imide, and a cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bond energy of 1s orbit of oxygen of lithium-lanthanum-titanium oxide has first peak value of 528-530 electron volt (eV) which is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant porous layer further contains inorganic filler chosen from aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin includes ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with weight average molecular weight of 1 million or more, and high-density polyethylene with density of 0.942 g/cm3 or more. The heat-resistant resin is chosen from fully aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyether ketone, polyether imide and cellulose. The separator further has adhesive porous layer containing vinylidene fluoride resin. The vinylidene fluoride resin is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride and copolymer which is copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and ethylene chosen from hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene. Preferred Properties: The tie molecule volume fraction is 0.7-1.5%. The polyolefin has number average molecular weight of 30000-80000. The polyolefin has short-chained branch number of 1-5 contained in 1000C principal chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrochemical supercapacitor (ECS) material is oxide, metal oxide nanoparticle or metal oxide nanowire. The double layer supercapacitor (DLS) material is nanowires, nanostructured carbon, graphene or carbon nanotubes. The less-structured DLS material is activated carbon or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ECS material is polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material comprises silicon and/or tin, and magnesium (0.02-5 atomic%). The content of silicon and tin in negative electrode active material is each 0.05-24 atomic%. The total content of silicon and tin in negative electrode active material is 30 atomic% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel material further comprises niobium (0.05-2.5), titanium (0.05-1.8), and/or boron (0.001-0.1). The sum total content of carbon and nitrogen is 0.18-0.36 %mass. Preferred Properties: The wire has a Young's modulus of 190-300 times the tensile strength at tension test, and an average surface roughness of 0.2-1 mu m, and is surface-coated with nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The aluminum-barium alloy contains an element selected from copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transition metal is cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The group 16 element is sulfur, selenium, tellurium and/or polonium. The group 5-7 element is molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum and/or rhenium. The compound powder contains lithium-manganese type complex oxide having spinel structure or lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide having layer structure. The composite oxide is of formula: Li1+xMO2 or Li(LiaM'bMn2-b-a)O4+d, where x is 0-0.5, M is lithium, nickel and/or manganese, or lithium, nickel, manganese and/or cobalt, manganese/nickel molar ratio is 0.1-5, molar ratio of cobalt with respect to the total content of manganese, nickel and cobalt is 0-0.35, lithium molar ratio in M is 0.001-0.2, a is 0-0.3, b is 0.4-0.6, d is -0.5 to 0.5, and M' is nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt and/or copper. Lithium carbonate is used as lithium compound in the manufacture of compound powder. Preferred Properties: The powder has a BET specific surface area of 0.5-3 m2/g and a volume density of 1.2-2.8 g/cc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-silicon nitride sintered compact is added with boron oxide powder (B2O3) as sintering auxiliary agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium ion battery has a cathode made from lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium cobalt/nickel/manganese/oxide structure, or lithium manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lithium iron phosphate battery has an anode made from vanadium, manganese or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon additive is graphite; silicon additive is fumed silica. The positive paste further comprises metal or metal oxide other than lead or lead oxide, where metal or metal oxide is tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrochemically active fluid contains lithium ion, sodium ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion, calcium ion, hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The half width of silicon-oxygen bond in electrode active material layer is 30-90 cm-1, when half maximum of peak is 1000-1100 cm-1, measured by infrared absorption spectrum. Preferred Components: The silicon is organic type silicon-containing compound or silane coupling agent, and has hydrolysable group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystal phase and the amorphous phase form powder particles. The amorphous phase contains phosphorus oxide and vanadium oxide. The metal oxide in the amorphous phase is iron oxide and manganese oxide. The content of the amorphous phase in the powder particles is 6 volume% or more. The atomic ratio of vanadium, iron, manganese, nickel and cobalt with respect to content of phosphorus in the amorphous phase is 0.5-9.0. The crystallite contains metal oxide chosen from iron, manganese and vanadium, and is of compositional formula: XyV2O5, where X is lithium, sodium, potassium, copper, silver or iron, and y is 0.26-0.41. The oxide glass contains monovalent cation element. The positive electrode active material further contains carbon. Preferred Property: The average crystal size of the crystallite is 300 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The rod-shaped lithium iron phosphate powder has average short axis diameter of 5-50 nm, and average major-axis diameter of 30-2000 nm. The carbon nanofiber has aspect ratio of 5 or more, and average short axis diameter of 1-100 nm. The thickness of nanocarbon is 1-25 nm. Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanofiber with respect to iron ion is 3.05x 10-5-3.05 parts mass in 1 parts mass of aqueous solution. The content of carbon nanofiber with respect to lithium ion is 2.24x 10-5-2.24 parts mass in 1 part mass of aqueous solution. The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium phosphate and/or lithium carbonate. The iron compound is iron citrate, ferrous oxalate, iron phosphate, iron sulfate, iron oxide and/or metallic iron. The phosphoric acid compound is dihydrogen ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode core material is made of aluminum and negative electrode core material is made of copper. The positive electrode connection material is comprised of aluminum-silicon brazing filler metal, aluminum-silicon-magnesium brazing filler metal, aluminum-zinc brazing filler metal and zinc-tin brazing filler metal. The negative electrode connection material is comprised of nickel brazing filler metal, silver brazing filler metal and copper brazing filler metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The negative-electrode active material is lithium-titanium complex oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (A) is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate and/or fluorotrimethylsilane. The content of compound (A) is 0.05 %mass or more with respect to the gross mass of electrolyte. The compound having isocyanate group is of formula: R-NCO and/or NCO-R-NCO, preferably 1,2-diisocyanatoethane, 1,3-diisocyanatopropane, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,7-diisocyanatoheptane and/or 1,8-diisocyanatooctane.R=1-10C linear hydrocarbyl.The compound having amino group is of formula: R-NH2 and/or H2N-R-NH2, preferably 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane and/or 1,8-diaminooctane. The total content of compound having isocyanate group and/or compound having amino group is 0.05-2 %mass. Alternately, a membrane containing compound having isocyanate group and/or compound having amino group is formed on the surface of negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The crystal system of the primary and secondary shell metal material is cubic crystal. The area ratio of the shell portion with respect to core portion is 0.01-1. Preferred Composition: The metal material of core metal is chosen from alloy of palladium and palladium (1a), and group IV transition metal. The metal material of primary shell metal material is platinum (3), iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, platinum-iridium alloy, platinum-ruthenium alloy and/or platinum-rhodium alloy. The metal material of secondary shell metal material is gold (4a), gold-iridium alloy, gold-platinum alloy and/or gold-rhodium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material is obtained by converting a portion of Fe2O3 into LiFe5O8 by mixing Fe2O3 with a lithium compound and baking the mixture. The active material comprises 80-100 %mass of Fe2O3 and LiFe5O8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of difluoro(bis-oxalato)phosphate and content of tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, is 0.1-5.0 %mass and 0.01-1.0 %mass, respectively. The difluoro(bis-oxalato)phosphate and tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate have cation selected from lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion and tetraalkyl ammonium ion. The solute is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and/or lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The internal heat exchanger is made of copper and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat-resistant porous layer contains inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The heat-resistant resin is chosen from aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyetherketone, polyether imide and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The reaction solution containing nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles has ammonium-ion concentration of 5-20 g/L at 20-70 degrees C in the pH of 11-13. The circumferential speed of stirring blade is 1-3 m/second. The nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide has particle size distribution width of 1.2 or less, calculated by the ratio of (d90-d10) and average particle diameter. Preferred Composition: The surface of nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles is covered with hydroxide of additional element (M). The nickel salt and cobalt salt are sulfate, nitrate and/or chloride. The ammonium-ion supply component is ammonia, ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material contains lithium-iron type complex oxide of lithium-iron type composite phosphoric acid compound, preferably lithium iron phosphate. Preferred Properties: The active material layer has thickness of 300 nm or more and 10 mu m or less. The battery has discharge capacity maintenance factor of 50% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material comprises lithium-nickel-type complex oxide or lithium-nickel-type composite phosphoric acid compound, preferably lithium nickelate. Preferred Properties: The active material has average minimum particle size of 7-60 nm and average maximum particle size of 60-500 nm. The electrode active material layer has film thickness of 300 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains active material including silicon, silicon oxide, tin, lithium alloy, and lithium metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is a polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of primary and secondary water-soluble polymers is each of 0.3-1.5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of graphite particles. Preferred Properties: The viscosity of aqueous solution containing primary and secondary water-soluble polymers is 10-40 Pa.second and 0.5-8 Pa.second, respectively. The rubber particles have average particle diameter of 50-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The heat-resistant resin is aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polyether ketone or polyether imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The epoxy resin is dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin of formula (I), biphenyl type epoxy resin of formula (II) or (III).Gr=glycidyl group;l=0-5;R=H or methyl;m=0-6;andn=0-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of Vm2 is 0.01-0.15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst precursor is obtained by washing and drying the deposit coprecipitated from metal salt aqueous solution containing copper, zinc and aluminum, and aqueous solution containing alkali containing carbon trioxide at pH of 5-7 and at 60-200 degrees C for 15-100 hours after ripening. Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of copper with respect to total content of copper, zinc and aluminum is 0.3-0.8, preferably 0.3-0.7. The atomic ratio of aluminum, with respect to copper and zinc is 0.2-0.7, preferably 0.3-0.6. The atomic ratio of aluminum and zinc is 2-10, preferably 2-8. The zinc oxide is not included in manufacture of catalyst. Preferred Properties: The baking temperature is 250-600 degrees C. The catalyst surface area is 80-200 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material layer and positive electrode active material layer contain 0.001-0.1 parts mass of preservative with respect to 100 parts mass of monomer composition. The separator has a porous film containing non-electroconductive particles. The carbonaceous active material comprises carbon material having graphite interlayer distance of 0.34-0.37 nm. The positive electrode active material is olivine iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer composition for negative electrode, further comprises 0.1-25 parts mass of conjugated diene monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The negative electrode binder and positive electrode binder are obtained by polymerizing in an aqueous medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is at least one polymer film selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The electrolyte membrane comprises at least one selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid polymers, hydrocarbon-based polymers, polyimides, polyvinylidene fluorides, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene oxides, polyphosphazenes, polyethylene naphthalates, polyesters, doped polybenzimidazoles, polyether ketones, polysulfones, and/or their acids or bases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reference electrodes are carried on an electrically insulating, ceramic substrate chip comprising silicon nitride. The reference electrodes comprise Li5.5Ti5O12, Li0.5Al, Li0.5FePO4 or lithium intercalated in carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material contains lithium-transition metal composite oxide or lithium-transition metal-phosphoric acid composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The electrode active material contains amorphous carbon particles having packing density of 0.7-1.2 g/cm3. The electrode is formed using air hole formation material, which is 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, bis(2,4-pentane dionate)zinc or magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The terminal fastener is made of stainless steel. The terminal plates are made of aluminum or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The catalyst electrode further has hydrogen diffused layer (12), which is provided in contact with the catalyst layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal hydride is vanadium hydride in which a portion of vanadium is optionally substituted by titanium, chromium and/or manganese, hydride of AB'5 alloy, hydride of A'B"2 alloy or hydride of A"B"' alloy. The content of metal hydride in the catalyst layer is 20 vol.% or less.A=rare-earth metals, unrefined rare-earth metals or X1n1X2n2X(power)(m)nm;X1-X(power)(m)=rare-earth elements;sum of n1-nm=1;B'=nickel;A'=titanium, zirconium or Tin'1Zrn'2;B"=chromium, manganese, vanadium, nickel, or Crn"1Mnn"2Vn"3Nin"4;n'1+n'2=1;n"1+n"2+n"3+n"4=2;A"=titanium;andB"'=iron or cobalt.(i) A portion of A in AB' alloy is substituted by magnesium, calcium and/or titanium, and a portion of B' in AB' alloy is substituted by aluminum, chromium, manganese and/or cobalt; (ii) a portion of B" in A'B"2 alloy is substituted by cobalt and/or iron; (iii) a portion of A" in A"B"' alloy is substituted by lanthanum and/or vanadium, and a portion of B"' in A"B"' alloy is substituted by manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode is chosen from fluorinated carbon (CFx), manganese dioxide and iron disulfide, where x is 0.3-1. The separator is alumina, silica and/or zirconia. Preferred Process: The ionic liquid electrolyte is formed by dissolving a lithium salt in an ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The device has a current collector formed from nickel, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, carbon cloth, carbon-coated titanium and/or carbon-coated stainless steel, and a housing formed from stainless steel, high nickel stainless steel, titanium, noble metal plated stainless steel and/or non-metal coated stainless steel. The lithium-based anode is lithium, a binary alloy having lithium metal compound (LixMy), a binary alloy having lithium metal compound (Li1--xMx), and ingot alloys of lithium-boron-magnesium or lithium-magnesium compound (Li-MgxM), where M is magnesium, silicon, aluminum, tin, boron, calcium and/or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), (1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide), (butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluormethyl sulfonyl) imide), (diethylmethyl(methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and/or hybrid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separator is fiberglass, PTFE and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode has negative mix layer which contains carbon material on single surface or both surfaces of collector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains vinylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite oxide is lanthanum niobium oxide or lanthanum tantalum oxide. The content of the composite oxide is 3-70 %mass with respect to whole quantity of the inorganic carrier. The catalyst component is metallic component chosen from rhenium, platinum, ruthenium, palladium, nickel and cobalt. The content of the catalyst component is 0.1-30 %mass with respect to whole quantity of the hydrogen-containing catalyst. Preferred Method: The reforming process is steam reforming process, self thermal reforming process or partial oxidation reforming process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first element is silicon, alumina, activated carbon, metal hydrides, metal nitrides or zeolites. The second element is noble metal or transition metal, preferably palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The housing contains at least a second hydrogen storage element, where the hydrogen storage element further comprises electronic integrated circuits on a surface portion of the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The system further comprises means for releasing stored hydrogen from the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The releasing means is light sources, current sources and/or voltage sources. The releasing means comprises a light source that emits photon energy at wavelength of 660 nm and transmits the photon energy through the porous matrix material and onto the bond sites to liberate the hydrogen atoms molecularly bonded to the atoms of the first element. The light source comprises a LED. The auxiliary power unit comprises: the system; and a fuel cell system coupled to the system which is adapted to receive hydrogen from the system and combine the hydrogen with oxygen to produce electrical power. The control system controls the operation of the auxiliary power unit. The fuel cell system is solid oxide fuel cell system and proton exchange membrane system. The vehicle comprises at least one additional housing, where each of the housings comprises at least one hydrogen storage element and the housings are distributed in different locations within the vehicle. The different locations are floors, fenders, quarter panels, rocker panels, doors, columns, posts, boot and/or roof.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material has layers between which a plastic- or paperboard lattice or a honeycomb-shaped structure is arranged.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The particle diameter of abrasive cloth or sand paper is regulated according to JIS R6010 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide comprises transition metal chosen from tantalum, zirconium, niobium , and titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, ruthenium, lead, hydrogen fluoride, tantalum and tungsten. The volume expansion ratio of the crystal lattice is 0.3% or more. The catalyst is prepared by heating the transition metal oxide chosen from transition metal carbide, transition metal nitride, transition metal carbonitride and transition metal boride using 0.001-4 vol.% oxygen environment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active materials are a lithium transition metal complex oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The iron oxide particles have diameter of 20-100 nm. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the iron oxide particles with respect to the conductivity improver is 0.01 to 10. The composite material further comprises binder and sulfide. Preferred Process: The iron oxide particles are prepared by co-precipitation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube assembly is formed by group of carbon nanotube arranged in parallel, such that the orientation of the carbon nanotubes is improved. Preferred Property: The diameter (Db) in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the carbon nanotube is less than the clearance gap (tb) in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium intercalation-desorption electric potential with respect to lithium is 1.4 V or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A portion or whole of the metal oxide has amorphous structure. The metal oxide and the metal are same. A portion or whole of the metal is dispersed in the metal oxide. The metal is silicon. The electrode element has planar laminated structure. The exterior material is aluminum laminate film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of chain-shaped fluorinated ether is 10-50 volume parts with respect to total of 100 volume parts of the nonaqueous solvent and the chain-shaped fluorinated ether. The content of the cyclic fluorinated carbonate is 1-10 parts mass with respect to total of 100 parts mass of the solvent and chain-shaped fluorinated ether. The chain-shaped fluorinated ether is of formula: H-(CF2-CF2)n-CH2O-CF2-CF2-H (I).n=1 or 2.The cyclic fluorinated carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is polyimide or polyamidoimide. The content of binder is 5-25 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic oxide (M2xOy) is iron(III) oxide, zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide. The metallic sulfide (M1aSb) is phosphorus pentasulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred System: The system further comprises a second power supply and a second switch. The second switch is in communication with the first power supply and the contactor. The second switch is in a second circuit coupled with the first power supply and the contactor. The second switch positioned in the second circuit between the first power supply and the contactor. The first switch in a first circuit couples with the contactor and ground. The first switch positioned in the first circuit between the contactor and the ground. The second power supply is in communication with the contactor at a location between the second switch and the contactor. The output of the first power supply is a voltage or a current. The first power supply is a power supply that outputs a substantially constant voltage during contactor pull-in. The system further comprises a diode located between the second power supply and the contactor. The system further comprises a voltage detection circuit having a first side electrically coupled downstream of the first voltage supply. The voltage detection circuit has a second side electrically coupled downstream of the contactor and upstream of ground. The system further comprises a current sensor configured to monitor current from the first voltage supply. The first switch and the second switch are transistors. The controller comprises instructions for adjusting an output of the first power supply.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The RFID reader is provided with a third generation (3G) communication interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface roughness of positive electrode is 8 mu m or less, or 7 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tri-electrode system uses copper foil substrate as working electrode, platinum net as auxiliary electrode and saturated mercury chloride as reference electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The voltage comparing circuit is connected with a voltage sensor of the vehicle mounted storage battery by a Control area network bus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode active material comprises silicon oxide (SiOx), where x is more than 0 to less than 2. The carbon source is water-soluble compound. The content of carbon source is 1-5 parts mass with respect to 1 parts mass of granular electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent (a) is aqueous-based solvent. The solvent (b) is nonaqueous solvent which is compatible with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is alumina or zirconia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The heat-resistant porous layer further contains inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, and induces endothermic reaction at 200-400 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant resin is aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyether ketone, polyether imide and/or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The primary active material is non-reinforced carbon black or hard carbon. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of primary active material and secondary active material is 15-25 mu m and 5-15 mu m, respectively. The reaction electric potential of secondary active material with respect to lithium metal, is less than that of the primary active material. The expansion coefficient of primary active material during lithium occlusion, is less than that of secondary active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is acrylic acid-type polymer, fluororesin and/or diene rubber, preferably polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or styrene-butadiene rubber. The thickener is polyethylene oxide or cellulose derivative, preferably carboxymethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, and/or cellulose acetate phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The organic anion is contained in the electrolytic solution (S1) at a ratio of 0.001-0.5 mol both inclusive per 1 mol of the inorganic anion. Preferred Components: The anode contains, as an anode active material, a carbon material, lithium metal (Li), or a material that is able to insert and extract the lithium ion and that has at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as an element. The anode contains, as an anode active material, a material having at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) as an element. Preferred Definitions:    R1=halogenated 1-10C alkyl;    R2 and R3=cyano group.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 20 organic ions are specified as (I) e.g. 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-di-cyano 2H-imidazole ion (1-) (Ia); 2-difluoromethyl-4,5-di-cyano-2H-imidazole (1-); 2-pentafluoroethyl-4,5-di-cyano-2H-imidazole (1-); 2-ethyl-4,5-di-cyano-2H-imidazole (1-); and 2-fluoro-4,5-di-cyano-2H-imidazole (1-).    EXAMPLE - A coating composition (C1) comprising nonaqueous solvent containing ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in weight ratio of 50:50; electrolyte salt containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) (1 mol/kg), and 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-di-cyano 2H-imidazole ion (1-) lithium (Li+) (0.2 mol/kg), was prepared. The cycle characteristics, the storage characteristics, and the load characteristics for the secondary battery which was prepared with using the composition (C1), were examined. The secondary battery showed cycle retention ratio of 88%, storage retention ratio of 89% and load retention ratio of 92%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface treatment layer further contains 0.1-100 mass parts of organosilane of formula R1-Si(OR2)3, hydrolyzate of organosilane and its derivatives and/or metal alkoxide of formula M(OR3)n, hydrolyzate of metal alkoxide and its derivatives and 0.1-100 mass parts of metallic compounds as metal with respect to total of 100 mass parts of oxazoline group containing resin and acrylic resin. The metallic compound is zirconium compound.R1=alkyl, (meth)acryloyl, vinyl, amino, epoxy or isocyanate;R2,R3=alkyl;M=metal ion; andn=valence of metal ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The exterior material further has adhesive improvement layer provided between adhesive bond layer and surface treatment layer which is formed of crosslinking agent for crosslinking ion polymer complex has polymer containing carboxylic acid, polyethylenimine and polyethylenimine, primary amine graft acrylic resin obtained by making acryl main structure graft primary amine, polyallyl amines, aminophenol and these derivatives as basic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The material can be xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiM2O4, xLi2MnO3.yLiM2O4.(1-x-y)LiM'O2, xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiM'2O4, or xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiM'2O4. The lithium salt is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium chloride and lithium fluoride. The ammonium ion is ammonium, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate or ammonium fluoride.x, y=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The adhesive is ammonium ion, hydrazine, glycine, ethylene glycol, ethylenediamine, sodium dodecyl sulfate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive is polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hollow fiber membrane is made of Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer), and other hollow fiber membrane is made of polyether imide or polyphenylsulfone material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred: The positive electrode is preferably represented by a formula: 0.5Li2MnO3-0.5LiNiaCobMneO2, where a,b and c is 0-1, and total content of a,b and c is 1. The ratio of content of c and total content of a,b and c is 0.333-0.666. The negative electrode active material contains metal (1), carbon material (2) which occludes lithium ion and metal oxide (3). A portion of metal oxide has an amorphous structure. The metal oxide (3) is the metal oxide comprises metal (2). The metal (2) is silicon. The lithium ion is bind with negative electrode using binding agent containing polyimide or polyamidoimide. The exterior component is aluminum film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of electroconductive material and binder, with respect to positive electrode active material is 0.5% or less, preferably 0.3% or less. The positive electrode is represented by a compositional formula: LixNi1-yMyO2+ alpha , M is chosen from scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, gallium, germanium, aluminum, bismuth, tin, magnesium, calcium, boron and zirconium, x is 0.9-1.2, preferably 0-0.1, y is 0-0.7, and alpha is 0.1 or more, preferably 0 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous based slurry contains aggregate of formula: (NH4Mn1-a)FeaPO4 or HMn1-bFebPO4 (where a and b are 0 to less than 1) having average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The slurry is washed such that the sulfur content in the compound is 0.1 wt.% or less. The content of crystal phase in olivine-type structure is 95 wt.% or more. The molar ratio of content of lithium to total content of manganese and iron is 0.9-1.2. The molar ratio of content of phosphorus to manganese and iron is 0.9-1.2. Preferred Properties: The olivine-structured lithium manganese iron phosphate particulate powder has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 6-70 m2/g, electrical resistivity of 1-1x 106 Omega .cm, microcrystal size of 25-300 nm, carbon content of 0.5-8 wt.%, sulfur content of 0.08 wt.% or less, and unit-cell volume (Vuc( Angstrom )3) calculated by formula: (Vuc)less than11.4x (1-x)+291.21. The average particle diameter of aggregate in the slurry is 0.3-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sugar or organic acid is chosen from sucrose, ascorbic acid and citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic substance is chosen from synthetic resin, carbon black, fat-and-oil compound and sugar compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of nickel is 30-90 %mass. The amount of cobalt is 10-70 %mass. Preferred Properties: The shell has average particle diameter of 10-200 nm and thickness of 1-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nickel salt and cobalt salt contain 1-3C linear carboxylic acid group and carbonyl-type group of formula: Ra-C(=O)-C(-Rb)=C(-O-)-Rc, preferably acetylacetonato. The 1-3C linear carboxylic acid group is formic-acid group or acetic acid group.Ra-Rc=methyl, ethyl, phenyl and halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface of the gasket is coated with the noble metal such as gold and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The organic fiber is a heat fusible binder fiber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium metal oxide is of formula (Li(LixMeyM1z-wMow)O2+d) (II), (Li(LixMeyM2z)O2+d) (III), (Li(LixMeyM2z-wMow)O2+d) (IV), (Li(LixNiaCobMncM1z)O2+d) (VI) or (Li(LixNiaCobMncM1z-wMow)O2+d) (VI). The amount of manganese (Mn) is 20-50 mol.% based on the total moles of (LixMeyM1y) in (I).w = 0.01-0.10;M2 = Ru, Sn, or Ti;a, b = greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5; andc = 0.2-0.5, where x+a+b+c+z = 1. EXAMPLE - Starting materials (comprising lithium carbonate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, and ruthenium acetylacetonate) were dissolved in an aqueous dilute nitric acid solution (50 ml) (prepared by mixing 60 wt.% nitric acid (5 g) and distilled water (50 ml)). Then, aqueous citric acid solution (2M, 50 ml) and ethylene glycol (30 ml) were added to the resulting solution to prepare a sol. The sol was heated to evaporate water from it to form a gel, and the gel was thermally decomposed at 500 degrees C for 5 hours in an air atmosphere. The thermally decomposed gel was put in a furnace, and heat-treated at 1000 degrees C for 5 hours in a dried air atmosphere to give the cathode active material (0.03 mole of (Li(Li0.1Ni0.35Co0.14Mn0.35Ru0.06)O2)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The voltage (V1) is less than 1.2V, and voltage (V2) is 0.2-3.0 V, with respect to metallic lithium. Preferred Composition: The carbon material has graphite structure. The transition metal oxide (A) has layered structure or spinel-type structure, fluorite-type structure, rock-salt-type structure, silica-type structure, boron trioxide-type structure, rhenium trioxide-type structure, distorted spinel-type structure, Nasicon-type structure, Nasicon affinity-type structure, pyrochlore-type structure, distorted rutile-type structure, silicate-type structure, monoclinic system P2/m-type structure, molybdenum trioxide-type structure, trigonal Pnma-type structure, anatase-type structure, ramsdellite-type structure, rhombic Pnma-type structure or perovskite-type structure. The transition metal oxide (A) is an oxide containing titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, tungsten and/or niobium as transition metal, or phosphate containing titanium and/or phosphate containing iron, preferably lithium titanate having spinel-type crystal structure. The content of active material (B1) is 2-510 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of active material (A1). Preferred Property: The transition metal oxide (A) has BET specific surface area of 0.5-10 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The functional group is chosen from sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group and carboxylic acid group. The catalyst substance has specific surface area of 1-100 m2/g and average particle diameter of 1 nm to 3 mu m. The catalyst substance is obtained by partially oxidizing carbonitride of transition metal element in atmosphere containing oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The functional group is introduced by grafting polymer or monomer having functional group. The functional group is introduced on the surface of catalyst substance using a silane coupling agent having functional group by chemical reaction.
Preferred Definitions:    D=bivalent ion containing Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or preferably Zn; and    x=0.02-0.20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen purity sensor comprises a multilayered nanostructural film of high refractive index that is made of a palladium or a palladium alloy, gold, silver, nickel and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dinitrile compound is contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in a proportion of not less than 0.1% by mass and not more than 2.0% by mass relative to the mass of the non-aqueous solvent of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The separator in the battery (B1) retains the alkaline electrolyte in a retention amount (P1) of 660-1160 mg per gram of the separator; the hydrogen storage alloy negative electrode retains the alkaline electrolyte in a retention amount (Z2) of at least 65 mg per gram of the hydrogen storage alloy after discharge for 3000 hours in partial charge and discharge cycles of the alkaline storage battery; and the separator retains the alkaline electrolyte in a retention amount (P2) of at least 370 mg per gram of the separator after discharge for 3000 hours in partial charge and discharge cycles of the alkaline storage battery. The partial charge and discharge control apparatus in the alkaline storage battery system (S1) stops discharging and starts charging when the voltage reaches an SOC of 20%, and the partial charge and discharge control apparatus stops charging and starts discharging when the voltage reaches an SOC of 80%. EXAMPLE - A hydrogen storage alloy was prepared as follows. Lanthanum (La), samarium (Sm), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), and aluminum (Al) were mixed in a predetermined molar ratio. The mixture was melted in an argon gas atmosphere, and the melted mixture was quenched to obtain ingot of hydrogen storage alloy having a composition of formula La0.6Sm0.2Mg0.2Ni3.6Al0.15. The alloy had Al content of 0.15, and the ratio of intensity X (%) of Al in the surface layer to the intensity ratio Y (%) of Al in the bulk layer (X/Y) of 0.36-0.85.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of spherical lithium iron phosphate powder is 80-600 nm. The rod-shaped lithium iron phosphate powder has average short axis diameter of 20-300 nm, and average major-axis diameter of 100-2000 nm. The carbon nanofiber has average short axis diameter of 1-100 nm, and aspect ratio of 5 or more. The frequency of ultrasonic wave is 200-600 kHz. Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanofiber, iron ion, and lithium ion in the aqueous solution is 1 parts mass, 2.98x 10-5-2.98x 10 parts mass and 8x 10-5-8x 10 parts mass, respectively. The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium phosphate, and/or lithium carbonate. The iron compound is iron citrate, ferrous oxalate, iron phosphate, iron sulfate, iron oxide and/or metallic iron. The phosphoric acid compound is dihydrogen ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution further comprises hydroxyl group-containing polar solvent having compatibility with respect to water. The hydroxyl group-containing polar solvent is 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-propanol, and/or 2-methyl-2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains the additive in a ratio of 0.2-2 wt.% relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. (I) is 2-methanesulfonyloxy-propionic acid prop-2-ynyl ester or methanesulfonic acid prop-2-ynyl ester. The nonaqueous electrolyte further includes vinylene carbonate as the additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average secondary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is 2-8 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The plot of lattice constant and composition ratio of lithium and manganese within the area delimited by the three straight lines in the graph is represented by formula: y=-20.833x+60.99, y=80x-229.07 and y=-109.52x+315.99.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio of density of the positive electrode active material when the powder of the positive electrode active material is pressed at 100 MPa, with respect to density of the positive electrode active material when pressed at 300 MPa, is preferably 1.06 or less. The average particle diameter of the primary particles or secondary particles of powder of positive electrode active material is 2-8 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal consists of copper, nickel, ion and aluminum. The second metal consists of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: Lithium-titanium complex oxide is of formula: LiaTibOc, preferably Li4Ti5O12.a=more than 0 and 5 or less;b=3-7;andc=10-14.The electrode active material has electronic conduction degree of 1x 10-6 S/cm or more and average particle diameter of 0.1-50 mu m. The lithium-titanium complex oxide (a) in which fluorine is introduced, is obtained by baking raw material containing lithium element, titanium element, elemental fluorine and oxygen element. The raw material is a mixture containing lithium compound, fluorine compound and titanium compound. The lithium compound is chosen from lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxide and lithium acetate. The fluorine compound is lithium fluoride. The titanium compound is chosen from titanium dioxide, titanium hydroxide, titanium acetate and titanium nitrate. The lithium-titanium complex oxide in which fluorine and nitrogen are introduced, is heated, and remaining nitriding agent is removed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The nitriding agent is chosen from urea, methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, aniline, nicotine and cyclohexylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode electrolyte solution contains titanium ion, or positive electrode electrolyte solution and negative electrode electrolyte solution contains manganese ion, titanium ion, and sulfate anion. The concentration of manganese ion and titanium ion in the redox flow cell is 0.3-5 M. The positive electrode electrolyte solution contains bivalent manganese ion, trivalent manganese ion and/or tetravalent titanium ion, and further contains trivalent chromium ion. The negative electrode electrolyte solution contains trivalent titanium ion and/or tetravalent titanium ion, bivalent vanadium ion and/or trivalent vanadium ion, bivalent chromium ion and/or trivalent chromium ion, bivalent zinc ion, and/or bivalent tin ion and/or tetravalent tin ion. The positive electrode and negative electrode are dimensional stable electrode comprising carbon composite containing ruthenium, titanium, iridium, manganese, palladium, gold and/or platinum, and/or composite material of ruthenium, titanium, iridium, manganese, palladium, gold and/or platinum, conductive polymer, graphite, glassy carbon, conductive diamond, electroconductive diamond-like carbon, nonwoven fabric containing carbon fiber and/or woven fabric containing carbon fiber. The solvent of positive electrode electrolyte solution and negative electrode electrolyte solution is sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, potassium nitrate and/or sodium nitrate. Preferred Component: The diaphragm is porous membrane, swelling diaphragm, cation exchange membrane and/or anion exchange membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The recovered complex oxide is heat-treated in oxygen-containing atmosphere. Preferred Composition: The metallic compound raw material further contains metallic compound (B) chosen from oxide, hydroxide and metal salt containing metallic element(s) (excluding manganese). The metallic compound (B) is transition metal element excluding manganese. The molar ratio of lithium hydroxide with respect to a lithium nitrate of the molten salt raw material is 0.2-0.7. The molar ratio of lithium metal to molten salt raw material of complex oxide is 0.01-0.2. The molten salt raw material does not contain lithium peroxide. The layered rock-salt structure is of formula: Li2M1O3 (where, M1 is manganese or lithium), or ( alpha )-sodium ferrite-type structure. Preferred Property: The complex oxide has particle size of 100 nm or less, which is calculated by Scherrer formula.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic binder comprises carbon and hydrogen. The organic polymer is hydrocarbon macromolecule which has double bond in a molecule. The sheet is obtained by contacting silane coupling agent to surface of the glass fiber to which the organic binder is attached. The glass fiber is in the form of nonwoven fabric. The sheet has porosity of 60-98 vol.%, preferably 85 vol.% or more. The adhesion amount of organic binder with respect to the glass fiber is 0.7 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameter: In a charging station, the upward facing surface is configured so as to form an angle of 25 degrees with respect to a horizontal when mounted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The current collector is a stainless steel current collector. The anode is a sodium eutectic anode, which is made of a material that is in a liquid state at ambient temperature or lower. The cathode is a low melting ion liquid cathode, which is made of a material that is in a liquid state at ambient temperature or lower. The separator is a sodium conducting separator, preferably beta ''-alumina sodium conducting separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealant layer is single layer or laminated layer containing olefin resin chosen from random polypropylene, homo polypropylene and/or block polypropylene. The adhesive resin layer contains acid-modified olefin resin chosen from acid-modified propylene and/or acid-modified ethylene, and further contains styrene-type elastomer and/or olefin-type elastomer. Preferred Property: The sum total film thickness of adhesive resin layer and sealant layer is 12-110 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material further contains lithium-titanium complex oxide of formula: Li( gamma )(Li1/3Ti5/3-eM3e)O4. The positive electrode active material preferably contains lithium-cobalt-nickel complex oxide of formula: LiCobNicM2dO2.M2=titanium, zirconium, yttrium or silicon;M3=manganese, vanadium or molybdenum;e=0.01-0.1;and( gamma )=1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material contains 3-13 %mass of nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in organometallic complex is copper, nickel or zinc. Preferred Components: The oxygen electrode further comprises catalyst layer which accelerates oxygen reductive reaction, and oxygen gas diffusion layer which accelerates diffusion of oxygen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic complex has organic ligand which carries out bidentate coordination to metal and metal. The organic ligand that carries out bidentate coordination is dicarboxylic acid, heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing nitrogen and this condensed ring. The dicarboxylic acid is of formula HOOC-R-COOH. The heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing nitrogen contains pyrazine. The condensed ring contains bipyridine.R=alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or arylene which may have a substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of Adiponitrile (RTM: 1,6-dinitrilohexane) and Pimelonitrile (RTM: 1,5-dicyanopentane) of each is 0.5 %mass or more, with respect to total mass of non-aqueous electrolyte. The addition amount of Adiponitrile (RTM: 1,6-dinitrilohexane) and Pimelonitrile (RTM: 1,5-dicyanopentane) in non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.3 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The inert gas is nitrogen gas, argon gas, helium gas, and/or carbon dioxide gas. The reducing gas is carbon monoxide gas. Preferred Condition: The high pressure is 0.1-2 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The water-soluble organic solvent is polyhydric alcohol, amide, ester, and/or ether. The content of water-soluble organic solvent is 5-80 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The pressure in pressurizing process is 50-2000 kgf/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is graphite-type material and/or easily-graphitized carbon material. The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Foil: The metal foil comprises aluminum, copper, nickel and/or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent of the electrolyte is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and/or ethylmethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rotational torque acting regions are made of coated steel substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous electroconductive material is graphite, carbon black, activated carbon, carbon fiber and/or carbon nanotube, preferably scale-like graphite having average particle diameter of 100 mu m or more. The electrode plate (B) has specific surface area of 6-13 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is bisphenol A-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate of formula (I).R1,R2= H or group of formula (Ia).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The separator is a nonwoven fabric including fiber of glass, pulp and/or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous electroconductive material is chosen from graphite, carbon black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube, preferably scale-like graphite having average primary particle diameter of 100 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is organic compound having bisphenol, aminobenzenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensate, preferably formaldehyde condensate of bisphenol A and aminobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt of formula (I).R1,R2=H or group of formula (a).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separator is chosen from nonwoven fabric, glass, pulp and polyolefin. The usage factor of active material of the positive electrode plate is 55-65%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface is roughened to produce many adatoms or clusters of adatoms of a metallic material. The metallic material includes material comprising silver, osmium, palladium, iridium, platinum, gold and/or their alloys. The adsorbate material further includes: a reducible organic or inorganic molecule that requires more than one electron to fully reduce; bis-1,2-(4-pyridyl)acetylene; and a second halogen material or a halide. Preferred Method: The method further comprises roughening the surface of the electrode, where the surface is roughened by: immersing the electrode in a halide solution, where the halide solution is a liquid chloride solution; and applying electrical current across the metallic material. The roughened surface is produced by a process comprising nanofabrication, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst contains at least one catalyst promoter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises a fuel cell downstream of the housing and units for transferring any hydrogen produced in the housing to the fuel cell. The apparatus is in a fuel cell, to power a rocket or to inflate an air bag, to pressurize mechanical equipment or for the quick start up of a catalytic exhausted gas converter or NOx purifier (where is x is not defined). Preferred Components: The housing additionally contains a water gas shift catalyst located downstream of the catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The peroxide is in the liquid phase. The peroxide is hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is in the form of an aqueous solution, an alcohol solution or urea pellets comprising hydrogen peroxide (6 vol.%). The methanol and peroxide are present in a molar ratio of 2.5:1 to 1:3 or 1:1. The methanol is in mixture with another alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum-carbon catalyst contains 10-60 wt.% of platinum. The air diffusing layer is carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon felt after hydrophobic flat treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N, N-methyl acetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high-temperature proton exchange film is a sulfonated polyimidazole film, a sulfonated polybenzimidazole film, a sulfonated polyether benzimidazole film, a sulfuric acid-doping polybenzimidazole film or a phosphoric acid-doping polybenzimidazole film; and has a molecular weight of 10000-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Membrane: In the ion-conducting membrane, the layer (S) in conjunction with the membrane is suitable as a gasket edge and brings about mechanical reinforcement. The polymer content in the gasket edge composed of the membrane and the layer (S) is higher than outside the gasket edge. The polymer (PM) which is used as the base for the membrane is identical to the polymer (PP) of the powder. The powder is at least partly present not only on the membrane surface but also in the membrane itself. The polymer (PP) and/or (PM) is based on polybenzimidazole (PBI). Preferred Process: In producing the membrane, the membrane film has been acid doped. The powder is applied in the form of a dispersion or paste, where the paste or dispersion of the powder has a viscosity of 1-1000 mPas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material (a) contains layered lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese complex oxide (LiaNi1-x-y-zCoxMnyMzO2), where a is more than 0.9 to 1.25, x is more than 0 to 0.4, y is more than 0 to 0.45, z is 0-0.1 and M is magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, zinc, zirconium, calcium and/or tin. The metallic compound is oxide or fluoride of magnesium, aluminum and/or zirconium, or phosphoric acid compound. The positive electrode layer further contains electroconductive material and binder. The negative electrode active material contains lithium-titanium complex oxide. Preferred Property: The weight of positive electrode layer is 100-200 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal of lithium transition-metal silicate is iron, manganese, titanium, chromium, vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, aluminum, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten. Metal acid, phosphoric acid or boric acid which does not discharge oxygen substitute few silicate of lithium transition-metal silicate. An electrolyte solution containing nonaqueous solvent comprising fluorine, is used in nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Preferred Component: The collector is aluminum-containing foil. Preferred Process: The positive electrode active material is manufactured using active material aggregate formed by processing an active material precursor obtained by supplying lithium source, transition-metal source and silicon source to the flame in a reaction container. The flame is flame of hydrocarbon containing oxygen. Preferred Properties: The positive electrode active material has average particle diameter of 25-100 nm, and particle size distribution of 10-200 nm, measured by transmission electron microscope image. The surface roughness of positive electrode active material layer is 0.5 mu m or more, measured based on JIS B0601-19940. The size of gap observed from the surface of active material aggregate is 0.01-0.6 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particulate composite has half value width of diffraction peak at 33.1 degrees -vicinity of 0.35 degrees or more and half value width of diffraction peak at 35.7 degrees -vicinity of 0.35 degrees or more. The positive electrode active material has particle size distribution of 5-150 nm, measured using transmission electron microscope photograph image, and average particle diameter of 10-70 nm. The positive electrode active material is in microcrystal state in which both fine crystal and amorphous components exist. Preferred Process: Carbon is coated on surface(s) of positive electrode active material. Preferred Composition: The transition metal of the transition metal oxide microparticles and lithium transition-metal silicate microparticles is chosen from iron, manganese, titanium, chromium, vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, aluminum, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten. A metal acid, phosphoric acid, or boric acid which does not discharge oxygen substitutes silicate of the lithium transition-metal silicate microparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame is a flame of hydrocarbon containing oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The positive electrode active material has tap density of 1.4-2.6 g/cm3, preferably 1.8-2.5 g/cm3. The primary particles have average particle diameter of 0.6-3 mu m, preferably 1.6-2 mu m, and specific surface area of 0.4-1.5 m2/g, preferably 0.5-1 m2/g. The particle size of the maximum point in the particle size distribution graph is 1 mu m or more, preferably 2-15 mu m. The difference between the particle size of the maximum point and median diameter (D50) is 1.5 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide. The organic solvent is acetonitrile or dimethoxyethane. The ratio of organic solvent with respect to total content of ionic liquid and organic solvent is 1-50 volume%. The viscosity of non-aqueous electrolyte is 100 mPa.second or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative-electrode metal current collector is a copper foil formed by rolling oxygen-free copper. The additive elements such as zirconium, gold, silver, platinum, chromium, cadmium, tin, antimony and bismuth are added to copper with purity of equal to or greater than 99.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen absorbing substance contains transition metal oxide having oxygen deficiency, and amorphous vanadium pentoxide (V2O5-( alpha )), manganese dioxide (MnO2-( beta )) or molybdenum oxide (MoO2-( gamma )). The transition metal oxide is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5-( alpha )), manganese dioxide (MnO2-( beta )) or molybdenum oxide (MoO2-( gamma )).alpha =0-2;beta =0-1;andgamma =0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of oxygen-containing functional group and ash in activated carbon is 2 weight% or less and 1 weight% or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali (a) is alkali metal compound and/or alkaline-earth metal compound. The alkali metal compound comprises hydroxide, oxide, carbonate and/or hydrate of alkali metal. The alkaline-earth metal compound comprises hydroxide, oxide, carbonate and/or hydrate of alkaline-earth metal. The alkali metal is lithium. The alkali (b) is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer (2) formed on a sheet-like negative electrode collector (1). The surface of the negative electrode collector has several convex portions. The negative electrode active material layer contains several granules. The amount of lithium replenished in the negative electrode is 50-150%. The transition metal oxide is an iron-containing oxide which has olivine-type crystal structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy-based material is chosen from silicon, silicon compound and silicon alloy. The silicon compound is silicon oxide of formula SiOx, where x is 0.1-1.5. The silicon alloy contains silicon and transition metal. The transition metal is chosen from titanium, nickel and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfinyl compound contains dimethylsulfoxide. The carbonate ester contains cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate ester. The content of the cyclic carbonate in the nonaqueous solvent is 5-60 weight%. The content of the linear carbonate ester in the nonaqueous solvent is 30-94.9 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite carbonate is of formula: NixMn1-xCO3, where x is 0.1-0.46. The compound having spinel-type structure is of formula: LiNixMn2-xO4, where x is 0.2-0.92. Preferred Properties: The positive electrode active material particle powder has BrunauerEmmettTeller specific surface area of 0.05-20 m2/g. The positive electrode active material particle powder has average secondary particle diameter of 1-50 mu m. The positive electrode active material particle powder contains lithium and nickel, and compound having spinel-type structure containing manganese. The molar ratio of lithium with respect to nickel and manganese is 0.3-0.65. The positive electrode active material particle powder contains nickel (0.05-1.9 wt.%) and sulfur (5-25 wt.%) and sodium (0.0005-0.16 wt.%). The total amount of sodium and sulfur is 0.09-1.9005 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The mass decreasing rate of electrode material at 100-600 degrees C by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis by dry air stream passage is 3.5-90%. The mass decreasing rate (Z) of electrode material at 100-600 degrees C by TG analysis by dry air stream passage, and mass ratio (X) of carbon layer with respect to the carbon material satisfies relation: 3.5 less than or equal to Z less than BX+10, where B is 900. The intensity of peak which appears in 1360 cm-1 vicinity and intensity of peak which appears in 1580 cm-1 vicinity by laser-Raman spectrometry of excitation wavelength 532 nm is 0.5-1.5. The negative electrode material has average particle diameter of 5-50 mu m, and true density of 1.8-2.2 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: Particles (A and/or B) are sulfide glass consisting of lithium sulfide and phosphorus pentasulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Binder (a) is contained in the solid electrolyte layer. Binder (a) is an acrylic polymer including a monomer unit derived from (meth)acrylate. Binder (b1) is contained in the positive-electrode active material layer. Binder (b1) is an acrylic polymer including a monomer unit derived from (meth)acrylate. The content of monomer unit derived from (meth)acrylate in the acrylic polymer is 60-100 %mass. Binder (b2) is contained in the negative-electrode active material layer. Binder (b2) is a diene polymer including a monomer unit derived from conjugated diene, and a monomer unit derived from aromatic vinyl. The content of monomer unit derived from conjugated diene in the diene polymer is 30-70 %mass, and the content of monomer unit derived from aromatic vinyl is 30-70 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains 1-20 %mass of layer structure lithium nickel complex oxide with respect to total mass of the lithium nickel complex oxide and solid solution compound. Preferred Definitions:    M1=manganese, zirconium, titanium or tin;and    M2=manganese, cobalt, nickel or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution uses mixed solvent of propylene carbonate and linear carbonate as a solvent. The battery contains a lithium manganese system metal oxide (Li1+xMn2-xO4) as a positive electrode active material, lithium manganese oxides (LiMnO3, LiMn2O3, LiMnO2), lithium manganese complex oxide (LiMn2-x1Mx1O4), and lithium manganese metal oxide (Li2Mn3M1O8), where a part of lithium is lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) substituted by the alkaline-earth metal ion. The battery includes a non-graphite type carbon material as a negative electrode active material.M=Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn or Ta;x=0-0.33;x1=0.01-0.1;andM1=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn.Preferred Property: The imidazolium salt of the compound (I) contains 0.5-5 mass% on the basis of the electrolyte solution. EXAMPLE - Lithium salt of 1M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was dissolved in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethylcarbonate in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, respectively. 1.5 mass% of vinylene carbonate and 3 mass% of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were added to the obtained mixture to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermocouple is coated using copper and cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of weight (Wp) of porous metal foil to theoretical weight (Wn) of non-porous metal foil which has composition and dimension equivalent to porous metal foil is 3-80 area%, which is calculated by formula: 100((Wp/Wn))x 100. The metal fiber is chosen from copper fiber, aluminum fiber, gold fiber, silver fiber, nickel fiber, cobalt fiber and tin fiber. The porous metal foil further has a membrane, formed using antirust process and chromate process. The peeling layer comprises metals chosen from chromium, titanium, niobium, nickel and tungsten, or organic substances, preferably chromium or its alloy and chromium oxide. The depositable metal is chosen from copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt and tin. Preferred Property: The metal fiber has wire diameter of 5-80 mu m, and is a branched fiber of irregular shape. The porous metal foil has thickness of 3-40 mu m. The ratio of glossiness of surface (a) of metal foil to glossiness of surface (b) of metal foil is 1-10. The thickness of porous metal foil is 3-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of compound (I) is 0.01-5.0, preferably 0.02-2 mass% with respect to the amount of the positive electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder agent is fluororesin having vinylidene fluoride unit. Preferred Definitions:    M=metallic element(s) selected from group IA elements, group 2A elements, group 4A elements, group 3B elements, or rare earth elements, preferably Li, Na, Mg, or La.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The catalytic material is mixture (wt.%) comprising platinum (less than 20) and niobium ( approximately 1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal element M consists of magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, niobium, tungsten and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solution is mineral acid containing halide ion, preferably hydrochloric acid. The acidic solution is strong acid comprising sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The transition metal element is cobalt. The halide ion is chloride ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The element (M) is chosen from aluminum (0-10 mol%), magnesium (0-10 mol%), titanium (0-50 mol%), barium (0-10 mol%) and iron (0-50 mol%). The positive electrode material further contains sulfur element. The negative electrode contains negative electrode material containing complex (3-20 %mass) which contains silicon and oxygen in atomic ratio of 0.5-1.5 and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is organic silane compound. The content of organic compound with respect to 100 parts mass of positive electrode active material is 0.01-50 parts mass, preferably 0.01-20 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum air cell has a positive-electrode catalyst layer containing manganese dioxide or platinum. The catalyst layer contains a complex oxide having a perovskite structure of formula: AB'O3, where A is lanthanum, strontium and/or calcium, and B' is manganese, iron, chromium and/or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The sum total content of elements other than aluminum and magnesium is 0.1 wt.% or less. The alloy contains intermetallic compound particles in an alloy matrix. The area ratio of intermetallic compound particles is 0.5% or less per unit area on the surface of alloy. A lead wire (1) is connected to the alloy. The aluminum content of the lead wire is 99.8 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is a positive electrode active material containing lithium containing olivine type phosphate with cobalt and manganese, and lithium composite metal oxide with nickel, iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese. The negative electrode is a negative electrode active material containing metallic compound that releases lithium containing lithium metal, lithium alloy, and carbon material that occludes and releases lithium and tin, or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl-ester derivative is vinyl acetate. The compound having sulfur-oxygen bonding (A and B) is substituted (1,3,2)dioxathiolane 2-oxide compound of formula (II), cyclic compound of formula (III) and sulfonyl compound of formula ((R6)(=O)S(=O)(O-R6-CH=?CH)) (IV). The cyclic compound (III) is 1,3- propane sultone and/or 1,4-butane sultone. The compound (IV) is 2-propynyl methanesulfonic acid. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains 1,2- ethanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,3-propanediol dimethanesulfonate, 0.1-5 mass% of 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate and 1,5-pentanediol dimethanesulfonate, 0.1-5 mass% of biphenyl, o-terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, anisole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and naphthalene, and 0.01-5 mass% of succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile, suberonitrile and azelanitrile. The non-aqueous solvent contains cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate having methyl group. The linear carbonate contains symmetrical linear carbonate and asymmetrical linear carbonate.R2,R3=1-4C alkyl or H;R2+R3=ring;R4=3-6C linear or branched alkylene;R5=1-4C alkyl;andR6=1-3C linear or branched alkylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic cation contained in the ionic compound is lithium ion. Preferred Property: The electrolyte solution has a withstand voltage of more than 6V versus lithium/lithium cation (Li/Li+).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The onium cation contained in the ionic compound is amine cation compound of formula ((R4)(R3)(R2)N+(R1)) (A), imidazolium cation compounds of formulae (B1 and C1), pyrrolidinium cation compound of formula (D1), piperidinium cation compound of formula (E) and morpholinium cation compound of formula (F1), preferably triethyl methyl ammonium or tetraethylammonium cation. The electrolyte solution in the additive contains organic solvent containing a propylene carbonate.R1-R12=H, F or organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle is zirconia manufactured by alumina, silica manufactured by dry process or dry process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous resin film contains polypropylene resin which has carboxyl group. The porous layer contains reaction material of oxirane ring containing compound and/or oxirane ring containing compound, and carboxyl group, and water soluble cellulose resin. Preferred Parameters: The adhesive strength of porous resin film and porous layer is more than the porous resin film and material fracture strength of porous layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight of the siloxane compound in separator is greater than lithium bonded with separator. Preferred Composition: The siloxane compound is carbonized cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic polymer has functional group(s) chosen from hydroxyl group, amino group, and thiol group in a ratio of 0.001-0.1 mmol/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: 90 mass% or more of the hydrocarbon type hydrophobic polymer contains aromatic vinyl polymer segment and aliphatic vinyl polymer segment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of nickel oxide is 90-200 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol and/or propanol. The solvent is distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin is chosen from phenol resin, polyester resin, and polyamide resin, preferably polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and acrylic resin. The content of thermosetting resin with respect to total content of barium zirconate and nickel oxide is 5-15 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: providing an aqueous liquid comprising a phosphate anion, a carbonate anion, an alkali metal cation, and a non-alkali metal cation; exposing the liquid to a controlled temperature of at least about 70 degrees C; and removing water from the liquid to recover a solid product. Preferred Components: (I) and (II) have a unit cell atomic arrangement that is isostructural to a sidorenkite unit cell, a bonshtedtite unit cell, a bradleyite unit cell, a crawfordite unit cell or a ferrotychite unit cell. (II) have a triclinic (P1) crystal structure. Preferred Method: The preparation of (I): provides crystalline product; and further comprises forming the solid product into an electrode. Preferred Definitions:    M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, Ti, Bi, Sn, Sb, Mo or alkaline earth metal; and    A = Li.    EXAMPLE - Manganese(ii) nitrate tetrahydrate (0.5 g) was dissolved in distilled water (3 ml) to form a light pink solution (solution I). Sodium carbonate (2 g) and ammonium hydrogen phosphate (0.264 g) were dissolved in distilled water (12 ml) to form a clear solution (solution II). Solution I was slowly added into solution II under strong magnetic stirring to form a light pink slurry. The slurry was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined autoclaved and heated at 90 degrees C for 3 days, or at 160 degrees C for 16 hours. After the autoclave was cooled down, the final product was washed with distilled water (3-5 times) and then dried at 90 degrees C overnight to give sodium manganese carbophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is carboxymethylcelluloses.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is unfibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene. The second binder material is styrene-butadiene rubber copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive electrode active material is spinel-type lithium manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer contains monomer composition including acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, preferably polyacrylic acid. The content of polymer is 0.01-0.20 mg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is organic ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of number of atoms of iron with respect to sum of number of atoms of vanadium and iron is preferably 2-10%. The active material further contains heterogeneous phase having crystal structure other than Nasicon-type structure and containing lithium-iron phosphate having olivine-type structure. The active material further contains electroconductive carbonaceous material adhered to surface of vanadium-lithium phosphate compound. The vanadium-lithium phosphate compound is of formula: Li3-xV2-y-zFeyMz(PO4)3 or Li3-xV2-yFey(PO4)3.x=0 or more and less than 3;y=0.04-0.4, preferably 0.04-0.2;z=0-0.1;y+z=0.04-0.4;andM=aluminum, chromium, magnesium, manganese, nickel and/or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductor contains carbon material. The lithium composite metal oxide is of formula: Liz(Ni1-(x+y)MnxMy)O2, where M is cobalt, aluminum, titanium, magnesium and/or iron, x is 0.3-1, y is 0-0.7, x+y is 0.3-1 and z is 0.5-1.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The acid functional group is carboxyl group, sulfo group, thiol group and/or phosphoric acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrode mixture further contains aqueous emulsion and/or water-based dispersion and thickener. The water-soluble macromolecule contains carboxymethyl starch, phosphoric acid starch, alginic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and/or polystyrene sulfonate. The aqueous emulsion is vinyl polymer emulsion and/or acrylic polymer emulsion. The water-based dispersion is polytetrafluoroethylene-based dispersion. The thickener contains methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the lithium-containing oxide to transition metals in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is 0.1-1.0 mole%. The lithium-containing oxide is Li2TiO3. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains carbon dioxide. The silicon particles and/or the silicon alloy particles have an average particle diameter of 7-17 mu m. The silicon particles and/or the silicon alloy particles have a crystallite size of 1-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The negative electrode mixture layer further contains carbon fiber. Preferred Property: The battery has energy density of 80 Wh/kg or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particles comprise metal comprising aluminum, titanium and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous feedstock is loaded with hydromethanation catalyst prior to being supplied to the hydromethanation reactor, and the hydromethanation catalyst comprises an alkali metal. A char by-product is generated, and is continuously or periodically withdrawn from the hydromethanation reactor. The hydromethanation catalyst comprises an alkali metal, the char by-product comprises an alkali metal content from hydromethanation catalyst, where a portion of the char by-product is treated to recover a portion of the alkali metal content, and a portion of the recovered alkali metal content is recycled for use as hydromethanation catalyst. The hydromethanation catalyst used to impregnate the second carbonaceous feedstock comprises recycled hydromethanation catalyst and a make-up hydromethanation catalyst. An oxygen-rich gas stream is fed into the hydromethanation reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methane-enriched raw product stream comprises greater than or equal to 20 mol.% methane (based on the moles of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in methane-enriched raw product stream), and greater than or equal to 50 mol.% methane plus carbon dioxide (based on the moles of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the methane-enriched raw product stream).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The databus conforms to recommended standard 232, controller area network, industry standard architecture, peripheral component interconnect and personal computer memory card International association standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (I) is tetrafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, hexafluorobenzene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorotoluene, perfluorotoluene, and/or 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(pentafluoroethyl)benzene. Compound (II) is difluorobenzene, trifluorobenzene and/or benzotrifluoride. The electrolyte solution further contains cyclic carbonate having fluorine atom as nonaqueous solvent, and monofluorophosphate and/or difluorophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium titanate has compositional formula: LixTiyOz, where x is 0.75-2.66, y is 1.33-4, and z is 3-7. The molar ratio of anion and oxygen in lithium titanate is 0.1-3.5. The anion is chosen from boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus and sulfur having unpaired electron on p orbit. The battery has positive electrode containing positive electrode material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of phosphoric acid contained in electrolyte solution is preferably 0.05 %mass or more. The amount of basic lead sulfate is 5-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of lead powders. The amount of graphite is 0.5-1.5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of lead powders.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metallic element contained in the second layer is selected from nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and the molybdenum (Mo).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains metallic lithium as electrode active material. The lithium-containing compound is lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate. The adsorption agent is zeolite, molecular sieve, silica gel and/or activated alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali-metal carbonate and/or alkaline-earth metal carbonate is sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and/or barium carbonate. The noble metal is rhodium, platinum, palladium, iridium and/or ruthenium. The weight ratio of aggregate of noble metal microparticles with respect to alkali-metal carbonate and/or alkaline-earth metal carbonate is 1:1-12. Preferred Process: The aggregate of noble metal microparticles is obtained by adding a reducing agent to a noble-metal acid solution. Preferred Property: The noble metal microparticles have average particle diameter of 10 nm-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition-metal-containing compound contains mixture of metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide comprising metal chosen from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten. The nitrogen gas-containing gas comprises nitrogen gas (in vol.%) (10-100), hydrogen gas (0.01-5) and oxygen gas (0.01-10). Preferred Property: The electrode catalyst has specific surface area of 30-400 m2/g, computed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst layer further contains an electroconductive substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic compound having chosen from alcohol, hydroxyl, peroxide, ketone, aldehyde, ether, carboxyl, ester, thiol, sulfone and saccharide, or high-molecular compound obtained by polymerization of 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic compound, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, polyethyleneglycol, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, mannose, cellulose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid and/or lauric acid. The ratio of number-of-moles of organic compound and number-of-moles of transition-metal-containing compound is 0.01-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode material contains 50-99 %mass of aluminum with purity of more than 99.9%. The alloying element is zinc, tin, indium, manganese, gallium, rubidium, bismuth, lead or rare earth element chosen from lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, dysprosium and yttrium. The electrode material contains (in %mass) zinc (0.05-49), gallium (0.05-0.15), indium (0.05-0.20), lead (0.01-0.10), manganese (0.05-0.30), tin (0.05-0.30) and rare earth element (0.20-0.50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Directing a precursor gas includes directing methane, and depositing a constituent includes depositing carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material further contains lithium complex oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxide: The lithium nickel complex oxide is of formula: LiwNi1-x-y-zCoxAlyMzO2.M=Mn, Ti, Ca, Mg, Nb, Si, Zr and/or W;w=0.99-1.1;x=0.05-0.3;y=0.01-0.1;andz=0-0.01.Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aluminum concentration in fine secondary particles and coarse secondary particles is 1.2 or more. The volume ratio of lithium nickel complex oxide with respect to fine secondary particles is 1-10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is the octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The aperture of the titanium dioxide particle is 10-20 nm. The oxidizing agent is ferric chloride solution (5-25 wt.%) or ammonium persulfate solution (1-20 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the oxidizing agent is 1-8 times the mass of the pyrrole monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mol content of fluorosulfonate is 0.0005-0.5 mol/L. The compound (I) is lithium fluorosulfonate. The electrolyte solution further contains 0.0005-0.5 mol/L of lithium fluorophosphate salt other than lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium imide salt(s), and 0.0005-0.5 mol/L of lithium oxalato salt. The negative electrode in the secondary battery has negative electrode active material layer provided on a collector. The negative electrode active material layer contains silicon, tin or their alloys or compounds, and carbonaceous material or lithium titanium complex oxide. The positive electrode has positive electrode active material layer provided on a collector. The positive electrode active material layer contains lithium cobalt complex oxide, lithium manganese complex oxide, lithium cobalt manganese complex oxide, lithium nickel complex oxide, lithium cobalt nickel complex oxide, lithium nickel manganese complex oxide, or lithium nickel cobalt manganese complex oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further contains 0.001-85 %mass of cyclic carbonate which has a fluorine atom or 0.001-10 %mass of cyclic carbonate which has carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, 0.001-10 wt.% of cyclic sulfonate ester, 0.001-10 wt.% of compound having cyano group, or 0.001-5 wt.% of diisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of complex oxide (B) is 1-20 %mass with respect to total amount of complex oxides (A,B). The complex oxide (A) has compositional formula: LiaNibMn2-b-cM3cO4+d, where M3 is sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, boron, aluminum, silicon or germanium, a is 0.9-1.2, b is 0.2-1, c is 0 or more and less than 1, and d is 0-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode strap, the positive electrode connection component and negative electrode strap consist of lead-tin alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Laboratory: The laboratory utilizes a server based at despatch center to process the results obtained by analyzers and send it to health center/GP surgery data management system using a secure and confidential wireless online networking system. The laboratory comprises an wireless online interface to provide unit for communicating with pathology consultants, preferably hematology and biochemistry consultants at headquarter if further advice required by clinical scientist running the medical component design laboratory (MCDL). The laboratory further comprises state-of-art compact clinical laboratory analyzers manufactured using advanced nanotechnology for space and energy saving purpose but identical accuracy and output capacity. The laboratory also utilizes solo power generating technology to provide energy required to run the laboratory in its optimum condition. The laboratory is an addition of power generating facility provided by high capacity batteries rechargeable by the solo power generating system and also the vehicle's hybrid engine. The clinical diagnostic investigations on blood and urine samples at remote locations and relocation from one location to the other if required in one day. The laboratory further comprises a unit to perform most routine manual laboratory testing chosen from blood parasites and blood cell morphological examination by clinical scientist using the slide maker, slide strainer and microscope.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive substrate contains carbon-based material, and/or metal material containing stainless steel or copper. The carbon-based material comprises carbon black, glassy carbon, graphite, carbon fiber, reticulated vitreous carbon, carbon felt, carbon nanotubes and/or carbon paper. The catalyst contains silver, platinum, gold, copper, iron and/or metal oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer comprises polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly para-phenylene, poly para-phenylene sulfide, poly para-phenylene vinylene, polythiophene and/or polyisothianapthene. Preferred Process: The catalyst is disposed on portion of the conductive polymer or conductive co-polymer. The conductive polymer or co-polymer is deposited by constant current method, constant potential method or cyclic voltammetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface is plated with lead, lead tin or lead tin silver alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The macrovoid supporter comprises carbon fiber felt, carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber cloth, metal mesh, and/or metal foam. The micro pore layer comprises carbon powder, carbon fiber, and/or metal mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anode and cathode diffusion layers contain hydrophobic material comprising PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of resorcinol and formaldehyde is 50-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first metal plate (6) is made of a copper (Cu)-based alloy, where the first metal plate (6) is made of brass. The first metal plate contains 60-66% Cu. The first metal plate (6) is made of aluminum (Al) or an Al-based alloy. The cell members (3) comprise a cell that is of a lithium-ion type. Preferred Parameter: The first supporting metal plate (6) has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains cyclic carbonate which has a double bond or a fluorine atom. The alkynyl compound (I) is preferably of formula: R6(O)m-X4-S(=O)2 -O-R7 (III), more preferably 2-propenyl-3-butynoate, 2-propenyl-2-propynyl oxalate, vinyl 2-propynyl sulfonate, vinyl-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl sulfonate, 2-propyne-1-vinyl sulfonate and 2-propyne-2-propenyl-1-sulfonate.X4=1-8C alkylene or 2-8C bivalent coupling group including at least one ether bond;R6=R1;R7=3-8C alkynyl;andm=0 or 1.when m is 1, R6 is 2-8C alkenyl, formyl, 1-8C alkyl, 2-8C acyl, 7-15C arylcarbonyl, 1-8C alkane sulfonyl, 6-15C arylsulfonyl, 2-16C dialkyl phosphoryl, 2-16C alkyl(alkoxy)phosphoryl or 2-16C dialkoxy phosphoryl, and at least one of X4 and R7 is optionally substituted by halo. Preferred Definitions:    X1=-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-C(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, or -P(=O)(-R3)-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: In the material (T1), the niobium content is 0.05-2 (preferably 0.20-1.50) mass.%. The primary particles of the positive electrode active material particles have a volume-average size of 0.5-2 mu m and secondary particles of the positive electrode active material particles have a volume-average size of 4-15 mu m. Preferred Components: The lithium transition metal complex oxide is compound of formula Li1+xNiaMnbCOcO2+d.d=-0.1 to 0.1;x=0-0.1;a+b= less than or equal to 0.7;c/(a+b)=0-0.40 (preferably 0-0.35, especially 0-0.15);a/b=0.7-3 (preferably 0.7-2, especially 0.7-1.5);x+a+b+c=1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mean fiber length of inorganic whisker is 10-35 mu m. The maximum pore diameter of porous separator film is less than 3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of selenium with respect to carbon is 1-5:1-50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Lead oxide-loaded active carbon, subnano graphite, and conductive carbon black are added to negative lead paste. The content of lead oxide-loaded active carbon is 0.1-10%, that of subnano graphite is 0.1-3%, and that of conductive carbon black is 0.1-5%. The thickness of negative plate grid is 0.3-1.5 mm. The thickness of capacitor carbon paste layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mold is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The liquid crystal polymer (E) is of formula (I). The liquid crystal polymer (F) is of formula (II). The liquid crystal polymer (E) is synthesized using monomers of formulae: Cl-C(=O)-(CH2)m-C(=O)-Cl (a), (b) and (c). The liquid crystal polymer (F) is synthesized using monomers (a) and (b), and monomer of formula (d).n=6, 8 or 10.Preferred Properties: The viscosity of mixture obtained by mixing solutions (G), (H) and (I) is 10-300 dl/g. The viscosity of mixture obtained by mixing solutions (G) and (I) is 1-250 dl/g. The electrolyte film has thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and room-temperature ion conductivity of more than 103 S/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of alkali contained in the alkaline solution is 30-70 g/L. The alkali is sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic compound raw material further contains another nitrate containing metallic element(s) except manganese. The molar ratio of metallic element of metallic compound raw material with respect to lithium metal in molten salt raw material is 0.01-0.2. Preferred Method: An aqueous solution of nitrate containing at least 2 types of metallic elements is prepared before the raw-material mixture preparation process. The metallic compound raw material containing this aqueous solution is used in the raw-material mixture preparation process. A portion of lithium of the complex oxide is substituted by hydrogen after the collection process. Preferred Properties: The complex oxide has a crystal structure belonging to the space group of rhombic system. The complex oxide contains primary particles of single-crystal property having particle size in b-axial direction of 200 nm or less as computed using Scherrer formula. The particle size of primary particles of the complex oxide is 300 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal element is nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, or molybdenum. The silicon content ratio in the anode active material in the second layer is 1.8-88 atom%. The electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt containing lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate. A lithium insertion amount ratio per unit area of the anode in a state of full charge in relation to a lithium amount capable of being electrochemically inserted per unit area of the anode is 20-80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains 1,3-propene sultone; and 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, vinylene carbonate, or vinylethylene carbonate as a solvent; or sulfobenzoic anhydride and/or sulfopropionic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - When the charging rate of electric power storage device cell is 0%, the composition of lithium titanate is LixTi5O12, where x is 4-4.1. The third charge collector foil is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid electrolytic membrane consists of aluminosilicate containing silicon and aluminum in the molar ratio of 50:50-99.1:0.1. The electrolytic membrane contains metal chosen from hafnium, titanium, indium, zirconium and tin. The electrolytic membrane contains amorphous material containing residue derived from boric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and nitric acid, preferably phosphoric acid, and further contains metal chosen from yttrium, aluminum, iridium, scandium and lanthanoid group element. A reaction liquid containing tetra-alkoxy silane and aluminum trialkoxide in the molar ratio of 50:50-99.9:0.1 is used in the manufacture of the membrane electrode assembly. The reaction liquid contains phosphoric acid salt of zirconium tetra-alkoxide, titanium tetra-alkoxide or hafnium tetra-alkoxide as precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet provided with a pure metal film thermocouple plating layer made of copper and nickel is replaced by copper and cobalt, tungsten and nickel, molybdenum and nickel, antimony and cobalt, or mixed metal material of copper and constantan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains lithium-nickel oxide (LiNi(1-x)MxO2, where x is 0 or more and less than 1, and M is aluminum, manganese, cobalt, chromium, magnesium, iron, zirconium and titanium) as positive electrode active material. The amount of positive electrode active material is 70 %mass or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the natural polysaccharide or its derivative which covers the graphite surface is 1-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gaseous precursor is selected from methane, ethane, propane, acetylene, propylene, or mixtures and is carried in carrier stream selected from nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, or combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin (A) is crystalline. Preferred Property: The thickness of electroconductive layer (3b) is higher than that of electroconductive layer (3a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metal component is removed using magnet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of a material e.g. copper, indium, tin, silver, gold, palladium, iron, chromium, titanium, nickel, zinc, cobalt or lead. The nanowires are made of material e.g. Nickel, indium, tin, silver, gold, palladium, iron, chromium, titanium, nickel, zinc, cobalt or lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas dividing unit has an extinguishing unit for supplying compressed extinguishing gas that is a compressed incombustible gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), neon (Ne), helium (He) and krypton (Kr).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The insulating bag comprises polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 90% Or more of the surface of crystalline platinum particles is (100) plane surface. Preferred Properties: The crystalline platinum particles are cube-shaped particles, whose length of one side of cube, is 15 nm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum complex is organoplatinum complex of formula (I), halogen-containing platinum complex of formula: PtX2.D', bis(dibenzylideneacetone)platinum and/or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)diplatinum.R1=1-6C (alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy);R2=H or 1-6C alkyl;X=halo;andD'=diene ligand.The organic solvent is mixed solvent of aromatic hydrocarbon and aprotic polar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder composition further contains solvent chosen from ketone and aromatic hydrocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene particles and tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin particles is 8/2-2/8. The polytetrafluoroethylene particles are unaggregated primary particles and have average particle diameter of 0.1-0.3 mu m. The binder polymer is fluororesin, fluororubber, resin and/or rubber including vinylidene fluoride unit, non-fluorine-type resin and/or rubber, and polyamidoimide and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The magnetic element is: pivotally connected to the main body along an axis, the sliding element has an inclined plane, and the magnetic element is capable of rotating relative to the main body to propel the inclined plane, so as to drive the sliding element to move along the axis; and fixed on the sliding element. The containing tank is partitioned into many containing spaces isolated from each other, where the containing spaces are used for containing the liquid water, the solid fuel comprises many blocks fixed to the sliding element, and the fuel blocks are capable of respectively moving along with the sliding element towards the containing spaces. The hydrogen generating apparatus or the fuel cell further comprises: many water absorbing structures respectively disposed in the containing spaces and capable of absorbing the liquid water; and an elastic element connected between the main body and sliding element, and capable of providing an elastic force to drive the sliding element to depart from the containing tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reserve tank is partitioned into many reserve spaces fluidly isolated from one another, where the reserve spaces are capable of reserving the liquid water, the solid fuel comprises many fuel bricks fixed to the sliding member, and the fuel bricks are capable of respectively moving toward the reserve spaces with the sliding of the sliding member. The hydrogen gas generation apparatus further comprises: many water absorbing structures disposed in the reserve spaces respectively, where the water absorbing structures are capable of absorbing the liquid water; and an elastic member connected between the main body and the sliding member for providing an elastic force to drive the sliding member to move away from the reserve tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The bimetallic switch comprises a first metal strip and a second metal strip attached to each other, where the material of the first metal strip comprises Invar alloy (RTM: Alloy of iron and nickel) containing 34-50% nickel, and the material of the second metal strip comprises at least one of brass, nickel, iron-nickel-chromium alloy, iron-nickel-manganese alloy, and manganese-nickel-copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electric power cells are made of electromagnetic active material such as lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of sulfur element (S) and phosphorus (P) element is 3.7-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing borate is tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)borate, tris(2,2,3,3-trifluoropropyl)borate, or tris(2H-hexafluoroisopropyl)borate. The content of fluorine-containing borate is 15-50 volume% with respect to content of nonaqueous electrolyte.
Preferred Definitions:    X=boron, silicon or tin;and    M=manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The power supply controller is connected to host device based on communications protocols such as UART and RS-232C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises a lithium transition metal oxide of formula LiMnxM1yM2zO2.M1=Co or Ni;M2=Co, Ni, Al, B, Fe, Mg or Cr;x and y=0.2-0.6;z=0.05-0.4;orx+y+z=1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate of formula (II) and a chain carbonate of formula (III). The cyclic carbonate is at least one selected from ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate (preferably ethylene carbonate), and the chain carbonate is at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate. The compound (I) is tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite (TTFP). The content ratio of the compound (I) is 0.01-5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the organic electrolyte solution. The concentration of the electrolyte is 0.5-2 mol/l, based on the total amount of the solvent and the additive.R4-R9=H or 1-3C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pervoskite-type oxide material comprises elements selected from group consisting of barium, strontium, zirconium, scandium, yttrium lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, iron, chromium, alumina, titanium, magnesium, tin and indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst layer contains metals chosen from platinum, palladium, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt and element (A). The element (A) is chosen from platinum/nickel, platinum/nickel/yttrium, platinum/nickel/cobalt, platinum/nickel/molybdenum, platinum/molybdenum/cobalt, platinum/nickel/tin, platinum/nickel/molybdenum, platinum/nickel/yttrium, platinum/nickel/cobalt, platinum/molybdenum/cobalt and platinum/nickel/tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler the porous-layer made of a plate-shaped particle selected from a group consisting of alumina, silica, and Boehmite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separator contains polyolefin of 100 degree Celsius to 150 degree Celsius of melting point.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The pores having size of 1 nm or less provide a combined pore volume of 0.4 cm3/g or more. The pores having size of more than 1 nm to 2 nm provide a combined pore volume of 0.1 cm3/g or more, preferably 0.15 cm3/g or more. The pores having size of more than 2 nm provide a combined pore volume of less than 0.1 cm3/g, preferably less than 0.05 cm3/g. The pores having a size of more than 0.5 nm to 1 nm, provide a combined pore volume of 0.3 cm3/g or more. The microporous carbon has total pore volume of 0.45 cm3/g or more, preferably 0.70 cm3/g or more. The pores having size of 2 nm or less, provide a combined pore volume of more than 95% with respect to total pore volume of the carbon. The pores having size of 1 nm or less, provide a combined pore volume of more than 60% with respect to total pore volume of the carbon. The microporous carbon has a structural order ratio (SOR) of 0.08 or less, and nitrogen content of more than 0.1 wt.% and oxygen content of less than 3 wt.%. The microporous carbon has a specific surface area of 300 m2/g or more, G2/G1 ratio (intensity ratio) of 0.4 or more for 488 nm or 785 nm excitation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The component comprises an aluminum plate composed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The oxide film is an aluminum oxide film formed on the aluminum plate by electrochemically treating the aluminum plate in a state where the aluminum plate is immersed in an adipic acid solution (0.5-1.5 M). Preferred Process: The aluminum plate is mechanically hardened by thickening the aluminum oxide film with an electrochemical treatment in a boric acid solution (0.5-2 M). The colored sealing layer is composed of organic materials having multiple colors such that the colored sealing layer has multiple colors or patterns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium-ion battery further contains a liquid electrolyte. The active material (a) comprises a material selected from the group consisting of lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn2O4). The current collector of the negative electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, aluminum and titanium. The active material (b) comprises lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O). The active material (a) further comprises a binder material. The lithium-ion battery further contains a porous polymeric separator provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolytic salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium salts (LiN(SO2CF3)2 and/or LiN(SO2C2F5)2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbonates (A) are propylene carbonate and/or 2,3-butylene carbonate. The cyclic carbonates (B) are 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and/or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. The non-aqueous solvent further contains chain-like ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The value of lattice constant (a) of the lithium complex oxide is 0.813-0.8159. Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) as negative electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface roughness of positive electrode active material layer is 3 mu m or more. The active material layer is formed by applying active material paste containing polar solvent. The hydrophilic film has primary hydrophilic film formed on the substrate, and secondary hydrophilic film formed on the primary hydrophilic film. The primary hydrophilic film comprises a material having high adhesiveness with respect to substrate than secondary hydrophilic film. The secondary hydrophilic film is formed using a material having high electrical conductivity than primary hydrophilic film. The metallic substrate comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy. The positive electrode active material has compositional formula: LiMAO4, where M is iron, cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, A is polyanion-type compound containing sulfur, vanadium, phosphorus and/or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The mobile terminal and the battery management system can be connected to each other by employing one of wired and wireless communication process. The wired and wireless communication processes are Wireless fidelity (WiFi), Wireless Broadband (Wibro), World Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wimax), IEEE 802.16, Bluetooth, Infrared Data Association (IRDA) and Zigbee.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinked acrylic resin particles contain polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylmethacrylate, ethylene-methylmethacrylate copolymer or its derivative. The heat-resistant resin has melting point of 150 degrees C or more and is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride having carboxyl group and its derivative. The crosslinked resin particles are contained in the ratio of 33-80 %mass with respect to the total weight of the heat-resistant resin and crosslinked acrylic resin particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Separator: In the hydrogen separator, the porous support body has a modification-catalyst function. The reaction barrier layer which prevents reaction of the modification catalyst of the porous support body, and the hydrogen permeability metal material of the layer with which the hydrogen permeability metal material was filled and which does not have a modification catalyst, the hydrogen permeability metal material of the layer with which the modification catalyst and/or the hydrogen permeability metal material of the porous support body were filled, the reaction barrier layer which prevents reaction with the hydrogen permeability metal material of the hydrogen permeable membrane and which does not have a modification catalyst was provided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ratio of apparent density (Da) and theoretical density (Db) of the positive electrode active material is 0.90 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The protection layer is made of oxides of substances selected from a group consisting of chrome, fluorine, tungsten, titanium and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer is made of polyurethane and epoxy resin mixture, the base film is made of polyamide film, and the inner layer is made of polypropylene film or polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The iron source is iron ammonium sulfate, iron chloride, iron sulfate, iron hydroxide, iron nitrate, iron powder or iron oxide. The phosphor source is phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or ammonium phosphate. The pH adjustor is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or ammonia water. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate or lithium fluoride. The metal salt containing M1 is magnesium hydroxide, zinc acetate, chromium acetate, chromium acetate, aluminum chloride or vanadium pentoxide. The metal salt containing M2 is magnesium acetate, manganese acetate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, nickel acetate or titanium dioxide. The inert gas is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pH adjustor is urea, ethylene diamine or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon source is glucose, sugar, crystal sugar, cellulose, polyethylene alcohol, polyethylene glycol or starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average secondary particle size of positive electrode active materials (A) and (B) is more than the average secondary particle size of positive electrode active material (C). The average secondary particle size of positive electrode active material (C) is less than half of secondary particle size of positive electrode active material (A). Preferred Composition: The content of positive electrode active materials (A), (B) and (C) is less than 50 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder consists of a polymer formed by polymerizing vinylidene fluoride units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The database system is connected to the network communication system which includes Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMax standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic salt is isopropyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)amide or tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide. The hydrophilic salt of alkali or alkaline-earth element is lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water supply device is a water pump. Each of the containing grooves has a cover, which is pivoted beside the corresponding opening, where the corresponding water absorbing structure is absorbs the liquid fuel to expand and push the cover for covering the opening. The draft tube has many covers, which are respectively pivoted beside the openings, where each of the water absorbing structures is capable of absorbing the liquid fuel to expand and push the corresponding cover for covering the corresponding opening. The water absorbing structures are porous structures, where the hydrogen produced by a reaction between the solid fuels and the liquid fuel is capable of being exhausted from the containing grooves through the water absorbing structures and the openings. Each of the containing grooves has a hole and a waterproof breathable membrane covering the hole, where the hydrogen produced by the reaction between the solid fuels and the liquid fuel is capable of being exhausted from the containing groove through the waterproof breathable membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The catalyst is made of platinum. The heat pipes are filled with a material selected from sodium and potassium. The first fuel is selected from natural gas and hydrocarbon fuels. The second fuel is natural gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: In the fuel cell system, the temperature of the heat pipes is 600-1200 degrees C. The temperature of the fresh air sent through the first airport is 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte layer, positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are selected from a group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate and lithium phosphates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The active-material layer of the negative-electrode plate contains metallic lithium, metal tin, tin compound, silicon, and/or silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The rolled copper foil further contains silver (0.1 %mass or less). Preferred Properties: The rolled copper foil has a tensile strength of 480 MPa or more and an electroconductivity of 80% IACS or more. A tensile strength of 400 MPa or more is maintained after heating at 300 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains solvent whose contact angle with respect to surface of oxygen diffusion film is 150 degrees or more, and gelatinizer. The negative electrode has negative electrode active material (7) containing hydrogen, lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, iron and/or zinc. The catalyst layer contains manganese dioxide or platinum. The catalyst layer contains perovskite-type complex oxide of formula: ABO3, where A site is chosen from lanthanum, strontium and/or calcium, and B site is chosen from manganese, iron, chromium and/or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The motorcycle frame comprises a dual bar configuration comprising a left-side bar and a right-side bar, where both bars are coupled at one end to a stem of the frame. Each of the battery cells comprises lithium ion battery cell, and the battery cells cumulatively provide 96 volts. The fastener comprises many threaded bolts that couple at least a portion of an outer diameter of the housing member to the frame. The housing member comprises a substantially planar member: situated vertically and removably coupled with a front side of an exterior of the frame, or with a left or right side of an exterior of the frame; or situated vertically and in a forward-facing position, so that battery cells are positioned directly behind the planar member and a front of the planar member faces a front of the electric motorcycle so as to directly and perpendicularly contact oncoming air when the electric motorcycle is driven. The metadata of the battery cells comprises at least one of voltage, temperature, state of charge, state of health or a measurement of passing current.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container has an: elastic bag-like body (130) in it and the liquid water accommodated in the container contacts the elastic bag-like body; and air-permeable opening, and the container is communicated with the outside through the air-permeable opening. The liquid water and the capillary structure are located: in the elastic bag-like body, where the container has a fluid-guiding opening, which is communicated with the elastic bag-like body; and outside the elastic bag-like body and the air-permeable opening is communicated with the elastic bag-like body. The disposing manner of the capillary structure comprises enclosing the flexible solid fuel, located on the surface of the flexible solid fuel or extending into the flexible solid fuel. The hydrogen gas generator further comprises: an elastic pipe body, disposed between the container and the flexible solid fuel, where the capillary structure goes through the elastic pipe body and extends to the flexible solid fuel; and a switch assembly, disposed beside the elastic pipe body, where the switch assembly is capable of squeezing the elastic pipe body for deformation to press the capillary structure; and an electroosmotic pump disposed between the container and the flexible solid fuel, where the capillary structure goes through the electroosmotic pump and extends to the flexible solid fuel. The diameter of the flexible solid fuel is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cabinet, cladding, cover walls, bottoms, pipe and the flat tube are made of aluminum and/or steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochemical and/or electrostatic storage is a lead accumulator, nickel metal hydride, nickel zinc cell or lithium ion cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is selected from a group consisting of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-n-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum alloy plate material further contains titanium (0.2 %mass or less), zirconium (0.20 %mass or less), boron (5-100 ppm) and chromium (0.3 or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Prior to the subjecting step, the process further involves placing the sample in a first container; and placing the first container with the sample in a second container that contains graphite or carbon black. In the process, the first temperature is 250 degrees C or 300 degrees C respectively. The heating step involves heating the mixture in a furnace with or without air flow to dry the sample, respectively. The subjecting step involves subjecting the dry sample placed in the first container to the microwave radiation, where the first container is placed in the second container, which is positioned such that at least part of the graphite or carbon black contained in the second container is also subjected to the microwave radiation. The frequency of the microwave radiation is 2.45 GHz. Preferred Components: The first transition metal salt is iron chloride (FeCl3), and the second transition metal salt is nickel chloride (NiCl2). The molar ratio of FeCl3 to NiCl2 is 3:1. The tannin is Quebracho tannin. The tannin is unmodified and hot water-soluble. The lignin comprises a sodium salt of lignin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary proton conduction material is pressed with ion exchange function or auxiliary proton conduction material decorated with an acid. The auxiliary proton conduction material is selected from oxide, normal alkaline, polyphosphate, polyacid, polyacid salt, silicate, sulfate, selenite or arsenide. The high price metal compound is selected from nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, phosphate, acetate or combined double salt with elements of tungsten, iridium, yttrium, manganese, ruthenium, vanadium, zinc or lanthanum at the highest valence state and medium valence state. The inorganic dopant is selected from silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, boron phosphate, zirconium phosphate, zirconium hypophosphate or titanium hypophosphate. The modified micro hole film is selected from organic polymer micro hole film with ion exchange function, preferably fluoro-carbon polymer film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The interconnected net type structure has formulae (I-V).G1 and G2=CF2 or O;Rf=perfluoro carbon chain or chloride containing perfluoro carbon chain of 2-10C;R=methylene or perfluoro methylene; andn=0-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermally conductive filler is chosen from metal oxide, metal nitride and metal carbide. The metal oxide is silica, alumina, alumina trihydrate, zinc oxide, zirconia or magnesium oxide. The metal nitride is aluminum nitride, silicon nitride or boron nitride. The metal carbide is silicon carbide or boron carbide. Preferred Properties: The thermally conductive filler has thermal conductivity of 100 W/mK or more, average particle size of 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support layer comprises fiberglass fabric, unfoamed silicone film, unfoamed polyurethane film, perfluoropolymer film. The foam layer comprises polymer and thermally conductive filler (60-70 weight%). The polymer of foam layer is chosen from silicone, polyurethane, polyolefin, styrenic polymer, epoxy resin, polyisocyanurate and fluoroelastomer, preferably silicone, polyurethane or polyisocyanurate. Preferred Properties: The sheet material has thermal conductivity of 0.65 W/mK or more, thickness of 0.5-1 mm and dielectric strength of 50 V/ml or more. The foam layer has compression deflection at 25% of 25 psi or less and density of 1000 kg/m3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive agent is liquid mixed adhesive of epoxy resin of phenol novolac type and acid anhydride hardening agent which does not blend silica filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium-manganese oxide has cubic phase and tetragonal phase. The conductive material is carbon-based conductive material, preferably graphene or graphite. The content of conductive material with respect to total weight of conductive material and lithium-manganese oxide is 1-40 weight%, preferably 3-30 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal energy storage material compartments includes multiple capsules formed by embossing metallic sheet made of aluminum or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermochemical material system contains hydrated silica gel (silica gel.nH2O), hydrated zeolite (zeolite.nH2O), hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.nH2O), hydrated copper sulfate (CuSO4.nH2O) or hydrated ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3.nH2O).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The inorganic filler consists of inorganic compound capable of producing endothermic reaction at 200-400 degrees C. The inorganic compound is metal hydroxide, preferably aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The heat-resistant resin is chosen from fully aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyether ketone, polyether imide and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total vanadium concentration in the electrolyte is 2-5 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The kaolin clay further comprises calcined kaolin. The polyolefin further comprises an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) having a minimum average molecular weight of 1x 10(pwr)6. The polyolefin is a mixture of the UHMWPE and a polypropylene (PP) having a melt index of less than or equal to 2, where the weight ratio of UHMWPE to PP is greater than or equal to 50%. The weight percentage ratio of the kaolin clay in the mix is 20-80 wt.%, where the separator is not subject to shutdown, regardless of temperature. The macroporous membrane has a melt integrity of greater than or equal to 150 degrees C. The weight percent of calcined kaolin in the mixture is 5-20 wt.%, where the polyolefin comprises a mixture of 10-50 wt.% of UHMWPE having minimum average molecular weight of 1 million and 40-70 wt.% of high density polyethylene having an average an average molecular weight of 300000-800000. The lithium ion battery has: shutdown activation at 130-190 degrees C; and melt integrity of greater than or equal to 150 degrees C. The microporous membrane has a melt integrity of greater than or equal to 150 degrees C. The battery separator has a thickness of 30-70 microns or 25 microns. The kaolin clay: contains aluminum oxide (39.68 wt.%) and silicon dioxide (56.91 wt.%); or is a blend of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. The separator is sufficiently flexible to be used in a lithium-ion battery. The kaolin clay has a density of 2.6 g/cm3. The UHMW polyethylene has a Mw of 1x 106.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is secondary alcohol and/or tertiary alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of finely dividing carbon particles comprises finely dividing carbon particles with: carbonate mixtures partially penetrating the carbon particles; or finely divided mixtures of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates partially penetrating the carbon particles. The molten alkali carbonates and finely divided carbon particles are introduced into the fuel cell. The finely divided carbon particles are introduced into the fuel cell by: introducing a mixture of molten alkali carbonates at 650-850 degrees C and finely divided carbon particles into the fuel cell; introducing finely divided carbon particles with carbonate mixtures partially penetrating the carbon particles into the fuel cell; by introducing finely divided carbon particles with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates partially penetrating the carbon particles into the fuel cell; mixing the carbon particles mixed with alkali or alkaline earth carbonate salts and ground or milled together in the presence of oxygen; mixing carbon particles of size of 0.1 micrometer to 1 centimeter with alkali or alkaline earth carbonate salts, and grinding or milling together in the presence of oxygen; or mixing the carbon particles with alkali or alkaline earth carbonate salts at ambient temperatures or at elevated temperatures below the melting point of the salts, and grinding or milling together in the presence of oxygen. The step of introducing a gas containing oxygen into the fuel cell comprises: contacting particles of carbon with the molten alkali hydroxides with concurrent sparging of oxygen; and allowing vapors from the carbonate salts, or molten hydroxides or alkali or alkaline earth nitrates to flow through the finely divided carbon particles. Preferred Components: The molten alkali carbonates comprise lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrochemical energy storage device has a separator comprising a partial substance-transmissive carrier that is made up of organic material i.e. polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The quantity of the oxide compound (II) with respect to the positive electrode active material is 0.01-20 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second electrically conductive material comprises carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare-earth compound consists of erbium hydroxide, erbium oxyhydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, and lanthanum oxyhydroxide. The rare-earth compound has an average particle size of greater than or equal to 1 nm to less than or equal to 100 nm. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds are specified as (I) i.e. aluminum bis(ethyl acetoacetate) mono(acetylacetonate) (Ia); aluminum ethyl acetate diisopropylate; and aluminum tris(ethyl acetoacetate).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium phosphate and/or lithium carbonate. The iron compound is iron citrate, ferrous oxalate, iron phosphate, iron sulfate, iron oxide and/or metallic iron. The phosphoric acid compound is dihydrogen ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The polar solvent has hydroxyl group. The polar solvent is 3C or more alcohol, preferably 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-propanol and/or 2-methyl-2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is silicon resin, polyethylene or polypropylene, epoxide resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, polyester resin, polyetheretherketone, benzoxazine, polyurethanes, nitrile rubbers such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene rubber, polyamides, polyimides and/or polysulfones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of oxygen during baking is 1-50 volume%. The transition metal is preferably manganese and/or iron. Preferred Condition: The raw material mixture is baked for 0.5-24 hours in gas furnace. Preferred Process: Carbonate, sulfate and/or chloride of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, magnesium, strontium and/or barium are further used as reaction accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises anodic active material of formula: LiNix-aTaMn2(x-a)O4, where x is more than 0 to 6, a is x or more, and T is transition element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of pyrazole derivative in electrolyte is 0.05-10 parts weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pyrazole derivative comprises alkyl group (-(CH2)nCH2, where n is 0), in which portion of alkyl group is substituted by fluorine. The pyrazole derivative is 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole, or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture is maintained in the first chamber at greater than or equal to 55 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 60 degrees C. The culture comprises Archaea: adapted to nearly stationary growth conditions; and of the subkingdom Euryarchaeota. The culture is a monoculture of Euryarchaeota, preferably Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system comprises an electrolytic medium circulating through the passage and the cathode. The carbon dioxide concentration of the electrolytic medium at the entrance to the passage is greater than or equal to 0.1 mM, where the passage is formed between the proton permeable barrier and a current collector. The barrier comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The porous electrically conductive cathode comprises a reticulated carbon foam. The reactor has the operating state and a dormant state, where the reactor changes from the dormant state to the operating state without addition of methanogenic microorganisms, and the dormant state exists when the reactor is decoupled from the source of electricity or the source of carbon dioxide. The source of electricity comprises at least one of a coal-fired power plant, natural-gas fired power plant, biomass-fired power plant, nuclear power plant, wind-powered turbine, water-powered turbine, fuel cell, geothermal power source, solar thermal system or photovoltaic system. In the system: oxygen is the only byproduct; and water is a primary net electron donor for the methanogenic microorganisms. The reactor operates at an electrical current density of 6 mA/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Coolable heat exchangers are made of a metallic material e.g. aluminum and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The secondary battery is a nickel metal hydride battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first composition comprises a metal hydride. The first composition further includes carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal hydride comprises a misch-metal nickel-based hydride alloy composition electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The body made of glass former selected from a group comprising Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, polyphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, polyphosphoric acid, silicate, aluminosilicate or boron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic additive comprises thermoplastic, a thermosetting polymer, Fluoropolymer, silicone resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyvinylidene fluoride, epoxy resin, phenol resin, Polyether ether ketone, benzoxazine and/or nitrile rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molten salt raw material does not contain lithium peroxide. The raw material (a) further contains metal compound chosen from oxide, hydroxide and metal salt of metal other than manganese. The molar ratio of lithium hydroxide and lithium nitrate is 1-5. The positive-electrode active material comprises lithium-manganese oxide of formula: Li1.33-yM10.67-zM2y+zO2. The positive-electrode active material has layered rock-salt structure of ( alpha )-sodium-iron oxide.M1=tetravalent manganese;M2=metallic element;y=0-0.33;andz=0-0.67.Portion of lithium is optionally substituted by H. Preferred Process: The metallic compound raw material is melted under oxygen-containing atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion conducting polymer comprises protogenic groups. The ion conducting polymer comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. The ion conducting polymer comprises a perfluorocyclobutyl group. The ion conducting polymer is 30-98 wt.% of the total weight of the ion conducting membrane. The polyolefin support structure has a void volume of 30- 95 vol.% of the total volume of support structure. The polyolefin support structure comprises a component comprising polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polybutene. The ion conducting polymer comprises a polymer of formula (E-P1-Q1-P2). The ion conducting polymer is a copolymer containing a polymerization unit based on a perfluorovinyl compound of formula (CF2=CF-(OCF2CFX1)m-Or-(CF2)q-SO3H) and a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene.E = moiety having a protogenic group such as -PO3H2 or COX;P1, P2 = absent, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -CO-, -SO2, -NH-, NR2- or R3;R2 = 1-25C alkyl, 1-25C aryl or 1-25C arylene;R3 = 1-25C alkylene, 1-25C perfluoroalkylene, perfluoroalkyl ether, alkylether or 1-25C arylene;X = -OH, halo, ester or -NH-S(=O)2-R4;R4 = trifluoromethyl, 1-25C alkyl, 1-25C perfluoroalkylene, 1-25C aryl or E1;E1 = aryl-containing moiety;Q1 = fluorinated cyclobutyl moiety;m = 0-3;q = 1-12;r = 0 or 1; andX1 = F or trifluoromethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of phase with high magnesium concentration with respect to phase with high aluminum concentration is 3% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The energy storage and collection device comprises: an electrolyte disposed between the electrodes, and optionally a separator disposed in the electrolyte to provide electrical insulation between the electrodes while allowing ion flow within the electrolyte; and an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and optionally an organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxygen storage material includes a material selected from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and/or zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The baking process is performed at 500-900 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of oxidation treatment material and alkali activator is 1:1-1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alloy: The true density of hydrogen storage alloy is 8.03-8.3 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Latex: The latex has gel content of 40-75% and glass transition temperature of -48 degrees C to -30 degrees C. The amount of latex with respect to amount of alloy is 0.2-0.7 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The spring element is made up of ferritic or austenitic spring steel selected from SUS 430 NCA-1 steel, SUS 301 steel, SUS 304 steel, NSS 305 M1 steel or SUS 316 steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The characteristic group is diazonium group. The organic compound has aromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal microparticles contain metal chosen from palladium, vanadium and titanium. The metal ion is chosen from iron ion and zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound has aromatic ring. The compound which has characteristic group is chosen from organic compound which is isocyano group, pyridyl group, carboxyl group and phosphino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat resistant resin is chosen from a group consisting of fully aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polyketone, polyether ketone and polyether imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal (compound) of the film is titanium, vanadium, chromium, and/or their compounds. The film consists of aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum carbide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, and/or titanium carbide. The metal catalyst comprises cobalt, nickel and/or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The separator comprises glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The positive electrode active material has specific surface area of 2-3.5 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon in the carbon-containing lithium titanate is secondary particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is nonionic surfactant, preferably polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. The content of the surfactant is 0.25 weight%. Preferred Property: The L value of the slurry is 80 or less, measured by regular reflection light extraction using spectroscopy colorimeter. Preferred Process: The drying is dry granulation, preferably spray-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon fine particles have graphitization degree of 1 or more, number average particle diameter of 0.1-100 mu m, sphericity degree of 80 or more and particle size distribution of 1-2. Preferred Composition: The synthetic resin particles contain metal and element component, which is organic particulate. The metal is transition metal chosen from cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and zinc. The metal is a magnetic metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer (A) is preferably polyacrylonitrile group copolymer or polyamidoimide. The polyacrylonitrile-type copolymer is an acrylonitrile copolymer formed by copolymerizing a hydrophilic vinyl monomer (0-25 parts mass) with respect to 100 mass parts of acrylonitrile-type monomer. The hydrophilic vinyl monomer contains hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, amide, sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid groups, preferably amide group and/or carboxyl group. The hydrophilic vinyl monomer is preferably chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid and acrylamide. Carbonization baking of polyamidoimide microparticles is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is divinylbenzene, methylene bisacrylamide and/or tetramethylene bisacrylamide. The amount of crosslinking agent is 30-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer component is polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, cellulose, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide polyvinylidene fluoride, poly acrylonitrile and/or polyamideimide. The hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule is sulfonated hydrocarbon ion conducting agent. The sulfonated hydrocarbon ion conductor is sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyether ketone, and/or sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone. Preferred Properties: The porosity of porous support is 20-80%. The strengthened composite electrolyte membrane has thickness of 1-10000 mu m. Preferred Process: The strengthened composite electrolyte membrane is formed by dipping hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule on porous support in presence of solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The carbon material is chosen from activated carbon, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotube and fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The ionic liquid polymer is formed using compound containing anion and cation. The cation is chosen from pyridinium of formula (a), pyridazinium of formula (b), pyrimidinium of formula (c), pyrazinium of formula (d), imidazolium of formula (e), pyrazolium of formula (f), thiazolium of formula (g), oxazolium of formula (h), triazolium of formula (i), phosphonium of formula (j), and ammonium of formula (k).R1-R10=H, halo, 1-25C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl or phenyl (optionally containing O, N, Si or S, and Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 or SH, and optionally including groups chosen from (CH3CO2)-, (HSO4)-, (CH3OSO3)-, (C2H5OSO3)-, (AlCl4)-, (CO3)2-, (HCO3)-, (NO2)-, (NO3)-, (SO4)2-, (PO4)3-, (HPO4)2-, (H2PO4)-, (HSO3)-, (CuCl2)-, Cl-, Br-, I-, (BF4)-, (PF6)-, (SbF6)-, (CF3SO3)-, (HCF2CF2SO3)-, (CF3HFCCF2SO3)-, (HCClFCF2SO3)-, ((CF3SO2)2N)-, ((CF3CF2SO2)2N)-, ((CF3SO2)3C)-, (CF3CO2)-, (CF3OCFHCF2SO3)-, (CF3CF2OCFHCF2SO3)-, or (CF3CFHOCF2CF2SO3)-).Preferred Composition: The composite comprises graphene (5-95 wt.%) and ionic liquid polymer (5-95 wt.%). The composite further contains binder, carbon material, metal particles and conductive polymer. The binder is chosen from polyperfluoro sulfonic acid, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer. The conductive polymer is chosen from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal-containing oxycarbonitride has primary particle diameter of 5 nm-1.5 mu m. The mass of the catalyst is 2.5-4.3 mg/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The separator is made of barium titanate, Lead titanate, composition of lead, zirconium, titanium oxides, composition of lead, lanthanum, zirconium, titanium oxides, composition of lead, magnesium, niobium oxides, lead metaniobate, composition of lead, bismuth, niobium oxides, Lithium Niobate, Lithium Tantalate, composition of potassium, sodium and niobium oxides, composition of potassium, titanium, potassium and tantalum oxides and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed crystals of Rochelle salt, or Triglycine Sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separator is made of composite of particulate material in a polymer matrix that is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethyleneimine, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, co-polymer of any two or more, or a blend of any two or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core section includes iron ( greater than or equal to 0.01 wt.%), aluminum (0.1-50 atomic%), 1-50 atomic% of chromium, iron and nickel, and 0.01-30 atomic% of boron, magnesium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, copper, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, indium, tin, antimony, tantalum, tungsten, lead, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium. The anode current collector includes carbon and sulfur, where the contents of carbon and sulfur are less than or equal to 100 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal source is metal ion, metal microparticles or compound containing metal. The metal is group 4, 5, 8 or 11 transition metal of periodic table, preferably palladium. The reducing agent is chosen from ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, trimethylamine borane, citric acid, sodium citrate, tannic acid, diborane, hydrazine, formaldehyde, glucose and tin chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gelatinizer is chosen from agarose, agar, starch, gum arabic, psyllium seed gum, pullulan, gelatin, dextrin, tragacanth, pectin, glucomannan, galactomannan, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, carboxyvinyl polymer, acryl copolymer, polyacrylamide, water-soluble cellulose polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, bentonite, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene, propylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum ghatti, arabinogalactan, and curdlan. Preferred Process: The method further involves baking the composite material (B) before or after electroless plating process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing electroconductive material and thickener with binder and collected sediment. Preferred Composition: The electrode active material contains alkali metal-transition metal phosphate (AMPO4). The binder is aqueous binder. The thickener is aqueous thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material is lithium-containing transition metal oxide. The transition metal is chosen from nickel, manganese, cobalt, and iron. Preferred Properties: The particles of the positive electrode active material have average particle diameter of 2-8 mu m, specific surface area of 0.3-1.8 m2/g, and tap density of 1.5-2.1 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte contains anion which does not form passive film or solid electrolyte interface film on active material which consists of carbon material, and collector. The anion which forms a passive film is fluorophosphate anion of formula: P(R)xF6-x and/or fluoroborate anion of formula: B(R)yF4-y.R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, amido, carbamoyl, ester, carbonyloxy, cyano, halo, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, sulfonamido, sulfamoyl, amino, alkylamino or arylamino;x=1-5;andy=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass fraction of the graphite in the paraffin/ graphite of composite phase-change material is 20 %. The inorganic salt phase-change material is nitrate, phosphate, carbonate, or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The phase-change material comprises paraffin with a melting point of 40-50 degrees C, and a paraffin as basal body, or inorganic salt phase-change material. The liquid is cool water or glycol solution with a good conductibility. The phase-change material is a composite phase-change material with paraffin as a basal body, comprises paraffin/aluminum powder, paraffin/graphite, and paraffin/ carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The foamed material is copper foam, nickel foam, or plastic foam. The cover board is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The U disk is connected with the voltage-current-temperature collection processors by universal serial bus (USB) transmission wires.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The multilayer film includes tin, copper, nickel, iron, bismuth and alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium insertion material further comprises a coating of a material including conductive metals, metal oxide and/or carbonaceous compound. Preferred Components: In the lithium insertion material, titanium(IV) cations are partially reduced to titanium(III) cations. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode active material is graphite, non-graphite material or their mixture. The weight ratio of graphite and non-graphite material is 1:9-9:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The etherification degree of carboxymethylcellulose is 0.6-1. The negative electrode binder is rubber binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The group II metal ions are calcium or magnesium ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The liquid is an aqueous hydroxide, molten salt, amine, ionic liquid, carbonate, ammonia or ammonium salt. The carbon-containing reactant is atmospheric air. The oxidant reactant is air containing CO2. The fuel is an alcohol or coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode contains a metallic element and/or semi-metal element as a constituent element containing carbon material, lithium metal (Li), or lithium ion, silicon and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (I) contains 12 ester compounds e.g. of formulae (C2H5-O-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-O-C2H5) (I-1), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-2), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C3H6-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-3), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C4H8-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-4) and (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C2H2F2-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-2) (I-5). The compound (II) contains 17 ester compounds e.g. of formulae (CH3-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-CH3) (II-1), (C3H7-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C3H7) (II-2), (C4H9-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C4H9) (II-3), (CH3-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-CH3) (II-4) and (C3H7-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C3H7) (II-5). The compound (III) contains 9 sulfonyl compounds e.g. of formulae (CH3-S(=O)2-O-C4H8-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-1), (CH3-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-2), (CH3-S(=O)2-O-CH2-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-3), (C2H5-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-C2H5) (III-4) and (C3H7-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-C3H7) (III-5). The compound (VI) contains 26 cyclic carbonate compounds e.g. tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one, 3a-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one, 3a-trifluoromethyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one, 3a-fluoro-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one and 4-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one. Preferred Properties: The content of the compound (I-V) is 0.001-2 weight% and the compound (VI) is 0.01-10 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode contains a metallic element and/or semi-metal element as a constituent element containing carbon material, lithium metal (Li), or lithium ion, silicon and tin, preferably tin-cobalt-carbon-containing material. Preferred Property: The mass ratio of the cobalt and a mixture of tin and cobalt is 9.9-29.7%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The content of the cyclic carbonate compound in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.01-20 weight%. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of 26 compounds (I) is specifically claimed e.g. tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one of formula (Ia), 3a-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one, 3a-trifluoromethyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one, 3a-fluoro-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one and 4-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta(1,3)dioxol-2-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are inorganic oxide or mesoporous inorganic fine particles, and contain 2 or more types of metal. Preferred Definition:    Z+=R2-N+(R1)(R4)-R3 or group of formula (a);    R1-R4,R11,R13=alkyl;    or any two of R1-R4=ring having nitrogen;and    R12,R14,R15=H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous layer contains an inorganic filler which produces endothermic reaction at 200-400 degrees C. The filler is preferably aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Alternately, the polyolefin contains high-density polyethylene and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 1500000 or more. The heat-resistant resin is fully aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyetherketone, polyetherimide, and/or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heating element is embedded in a tubular mantle made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The protection circuit is made of quality material selected from a group consisting of nickel and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is aluminum or aluminum alloy. The active material is a lithium-containing transition-metal oxide. The transition metal is nickel, manganese, cobalt and/or iron. The crystal structure of active material is layer structure or spinel structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The material (M) is copper, nickel, iron, molybdenum, gold, silver, silicon, germanium, samarium, zirconium, tin, tantalum, lead, niobium, nickel, neodymium, platinum, hafnium, palladium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, lanthanum or their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (B) is cyclic sulfite ester compound, cyclic monosulfonic acid ester compound, cyclic disulfonic-acid ester compound, lithium imide salt compound, fluorosilane compound of formula (X-Si(R7)(R8)-F) (III) and/or an organic disilane compound of formula (R13-Si(R12)(R14)-(O)a-Si(R12)(R14)-R13) (IV), or organic disiloxane compound. The organic solvent is saturated cyclic carbonate compound, saturated cyclic ester compound, sulfone or sulfoxide compound, amide compound, saturated linear carbonate compound, chain-shaped ether compound, cyclic ether compound and/or saturated chain-shaped ester compound. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains carbonate compound chosen from unsaturated cyclic carbonate compound, unsaturated linear carbonate compound, unsaturated diester compound and halogen-containing cyclic carbonate compound. The negative electrode contains a polymeric carboxylic compound. The positive electrode contains nickel compound or iron compound as a positive electrode active material.R7,R8=1-8C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 2-8C alkynyl, 1-8C halogenoalkyl, 6-18C aryl optionally having halo, 7-18C aralkyl, 5-8C cycloalkyl or 5-8C cycloalkenyl;X=F, 1-8C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 2-8C alkynyl, 1-8C halogenoalkyl, 6-18C aryl optionally having halo, 7-18C aralkyl, F-Si(R7)(R8)-R9- or R10-Y1-R11-;R9=1-15C bivalent hydrocarbon;R10,R12,R13=1-8C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 2-8C alkynyl, 1-8C halogenoalkyl, 6-18C aryl optionally having halo or 7-18C aralkyl;R11=1-15C bivalent hydrocarbon;Y1=O, -C(=O)-O- or -O-C(=O)-;R14=2-8C alkenyl, 2-8C alkynyl, 6-18C aryl optionally having halo or 7-18C aralkyl;anda=0 or 1.Preferred Property: The content of the saturated chain-shaped ester compound is 0.5-30 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonvolatile liquid is an ionic liquid. The nonvolatile liquid is of formula ((CH3-N+((CH3)2)-R1) (R2-S(=O)2-(N-)-S(=O)2-R3)) (I) or (II), preferably trimethyl propylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, trimethyl butylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, trimethyl pentylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, trimethylhexylammonium -bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, trimethyloctylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide.R1 = 1-10C alkyl; andR2-R5 = fluorinated 1-2C alkyl..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - 5-Hexylbicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene, 5-(4-bromobutyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene and 1,4-di(bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5-en-2-yl)butane were charged into a container. Catalyst solution of (acetato-O)(acetonitrile)bis(tris(1-methylethyl)phosphine)palladium tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borate in toluene was prepared in a separate vial. The catalyst solution was added to the monomer mixture and the polymerization mixture was poured into a Petri dish. The polymerization mixture was heated at 80 degrees C for few minutes and 130 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain the vinyl addition polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The active material is carbon material having average particle diameter of 5-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of polyimide resin with respect to active material is 0.1-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode contains a metallic element and/or semi-metal element as a constituent element containing carbon material, lithium metal (Li), or lithium ion, silicon and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (I) contains 12 ester compounds e.g. of formulae (C2H5-O-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-O-C2H5) (I-1), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-2), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C3H6-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-3), (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C4H8-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-4) and (CH3-O-C(=O)-O-C2H2F2-O-C(=O)-O-CH3) (I-2) (I-5). The compound (II) contains 17 ester compounds e.g. of formulae (CH3-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-CH3) (II-1), (C3H7-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C3H7) (II-2), (C4H9-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C4H9) (II-3), (CH3-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-CH3) (II-4) and (C3H7-C(=O)-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C2H4-O-C(=O)-C3H7) (II-5). The compound (III) contains 9 sulfonyl compounds e.g. of formulae (CH3-S(=O)2-O-C4H8-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-1), (CH3-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-2), (CH3-S(=O)2-O-CH2-O-S(=O)2-CH3) (III-3), (C2H5-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-C2H5) (III-4) and (C3H7-S(=O)2-O-C2H4-O-S(=O)2-C3H7) (III-5). The compound (VI) is fluorinated lithium phosphate compounds of formulae (Li(PF3(CF3)3)), (Li(PF3(C2F5)3)), (Li(PF4(C2F5)2)), (Li(PF4(CF3)2)), (Li(PF4(C3F7)2)), (Li(PF5(CF3))), (Li(PF5(C2F5))), (Li(PF5(C3F7))), (Li(PF2(C2F5)4)) and/or (Li(PF2(CF3)4)). The compound (VII) is fluorinated lithium borate compounds of formulae (Li(BF3(CF3))), (Li(BF3(C2F5))), (Li(BF2(CF3)2)), (Li(BF(CF3)3)), (Li(B(CF3)4)), (Li(BF2(C2F5)2)), (Li(BF(C2F5)3)), (Li(B(C2F5)4)), (Li(BF3(C3F7))), (Li(BF2(C3F7)2)), (Li(BF(C3F7)3)) and/or (Li(B(C3F7)4)). Preferred Properties: The content of the compound (I-V) is 0.001-2 weight% and the compound (VI-VIII) is 0.01-0.5 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. The first electrode material comprises graphite. The second electrode material comprises lithium cobalt oxide. The materials of first and second electrodes are the same or different. The first and second electrode materials comprise carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first electrode material, the separator, and the second electrode material are in mutually adhering contact in the form of a laminate. The metallic current collectors are a metal foil in adhering contact with the first or second electrode materials. The first metallic current collector comprises copper foil (4a), and the second metallic current collector comprises aluminum foil (4b), preferably the first and second metallic current collectors comprise aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate dissolved in acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fully aromatic polyimide is characterized by a crystallinity index of 0.2 or greater. The fully aromatic polyimide comprises pyromellitic dianhydride/oxydianiline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The electrode is proton-exchange membrane electrode (PEM).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises platinum and thin film catalyst. The thin film catalyst comprises whisker-shaped particles having diameter of 10-250 nm and length of 100 nm to 1 micron. The hydrophilic particles comprise silicon dioxide. Preferred Property: The primary particle size of hydrophilic particles is 1-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microbubbles comprise argon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The binder solution layer has thickness of 5-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorber contains organic-type raw material, inorganic-type raw material or organic and inorganic-type raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrical double layer capacitor further contains a fluorine-type electrolyte solution as a nonaqueous electrolyte solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrode layer is provided on an electroconductive film containing carbon and resin. The non-graphitizing carbon is coconut husk charcoal and phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aqueous solution containing nucleus is added to aqueous solution (i).The secondary particles containing additional element is covered uniformly on surface of nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles.Preferred Composition: The ammonium concentration of aqueous solution is 3-25 g/L. The nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles contain compound comprising additional element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The complex oxide powder has average particle diameter of 0.5-30 mu m and Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 0.05-1 m2/g. The amount of phosphate eluted in water is 1 wt.% or less. The metal atom is magnesium atom. The mixture is baked at 800-1150 degrees C. The compound containing metal atom is magnesium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Glycerol evaporation part is pressurized by providing a pressure control valve between the glycerol evaporation part and the separation part. Glycerol containing liquid is by-produced from reacting raw material oil and alcohol react in presence of alkali catalyst in manufacturing biodiesel fuel. The heat of the modification blasting fumes produced after the reforming reaction is the heat source of the glycerol evaporation part. Recovered alkali compound is solidified. Preferred Component: Glycerol evaporation part has a pipe line penetrating through glycerol containing liquid, and performs heat-exchange with a heat source. The modifier has a container which accommodates the reforming reactor, and combustor which burns fuel and combusts exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas is introduced inside the container, and the reforming reactor is heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas. The modifier also has hydrogen separation part which separates hydrogen from the modification blasting fumes produced after the reforming reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The container is designed according to DIN 57510, DIN 43535, DIN 43531 and DIN 43536.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The porous aggregate form tin oxide has surface area of 10-200 m2/g, primary particle diameter of 1-30 nm and specific resistance of 10-106 Omega .m. Preferred Process: A precursor solution formed by adding one equivalent or more of hydrogen peroxide to tin-salt solution is mixed with pure water heated at 45 degrees C or more in order to produce tin oxide precipitate. The collected tin oxide precipitate is vacuum-formed and heat-dried at room temperature to 150 degrees C. The dried material is calcined at 200-750 degrees C in air without pulverizing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cerium-containing oxide is a composite of ceria and zirconia. The amount of cerium oxide contained in the cerium-containing oxide is 85-90 wt.%. The additional amount of zirconium oxide is 10-15 wt.%, preferably 12.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode-layer composition contains sulfide type solid electrolyte, active material, conductive support agent, and solvent. The sulfide type solid electrolyte is a lithium sulfide-diphosphorus pentasulfide compound. The active material is lithium cobaltate. The content of aluminum derived from the collector is 10 atomic% or more in a region up to at least 250 nm in the depth direction in the electrode layer from the contact interface of collector and electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anodic current collector comprises a metal consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The anode comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy consisting of lithium-carbon alloys, lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-tin alloys, lithium-silicon alloys, lithium-germanium alloys, lithium-magnesium alloys, lithium-indium alloys and lithium-gallium alloys, lithium-containing oxides, lithium-containing sulfides or lithium-containing selenides. The solid electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride, lithium silicon phosphate (Li(3.6)Si(0.6)P(0.4)O4), lithium vanadium silicon oxide (Li(6.1)V(0.61)Si(0.39)O(5.36)), lithium metaborate, lithium borophosphate, lithium sulfate- lithium oxide-boron trioxide, lithium sulfide-silicon sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide and lithium iodide-lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide-phosphorus pentoxide, and is a eutectic mixture consisting of lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate and comprising oxidizing species consisting of nitrites, borates, sulfates, phosphates and other nitrates, where the eutectic mixture has a melting point of 133 degrees C. The cathodic current collector is a metal that is resistant to oxidation and consists of nickel, gold, platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium and aluminum. The cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode pole plate contains graphite or silicon as negative electrode active material. The inorganic particles layer contains titanium oxide and aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium pyroxene compound is of formula: LiMSi2O6.M=vanadium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and/or nickel.The lithium pyroxene compound is preferably of formula: LiFeSi2O6 having C2/c space group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium compound is chosen from carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, chloride or acetate of oxide. The manganese compound is chosen from carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, chloride or acetate of manganese. The concentration of thickener in the solution is 1-10 wt.%. The mist of solution is heated at 200-400 degrees C and thermally decomposed at 500-900 degrees C. The precursor is baked at 600-900 degrees C for 1-24 hours. A bivalent metallic compound containing magnesium compound or trivalent metallic compound containing aluminum compound is added to solution. The molar ratio of metallic compound with respect to manganese compound is 0.01-0.1. The aluminum compound is mineral salt, oxide or hydroxide of aluminum. The thickener is associating-type thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of active material is 50 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The low humidification hollow fiber membrane is formed from polyetherimide and polyphenylsulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The upper cover and the radiation segments are produced by aluminum alloy materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Material: In the negative electrode active material (A1), the valence of Ni is 2 and 3, and the valence of Mn is 4; greater than or equal to 1 mole.%, and less than or equal to 10 mole.% of the total amount of Ni and Mn in the basic composition is substituted by at least one of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and cobalt (Co). The material (A1) satisfies the peak area intensity ratio having X-ray diffraction peak, as given in the specification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - No general method for preparation of the negative electrode active material (A1) is given. EXAMPLE - A negative electrode active material containing composition of formula LiNi0.67Mn0.33O2 was synthesized as follows: first nickel oxide (NiO), manganese oxide (MnO), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), were weighed and formulated in such a way that the composition after firing became LiNi0.67Mn0.33O2 and were put into pots of a planetary ball mill. Subsequently, zirconia balls and a precursor were put into a zirconia container of the ball mill at a weight ratio adjusted to be 40:1, ethanol was added up to about two-thirds of the zirconia container, and a treatment was performed for 24 hours while the number of revolutions of the revolution was specified to be 200 revolution per minute (rpm) and the ratio of the revolution to the rotation was specified to be 1.25, so as to prepare a slurry-like precursor. The mechanical alloying method with planetary ball mill was able to perform nano-order control of the mixing of constituent elements. The obtained slurry-like precursor was concentrated and dried with a rotary evaporator and was dried for a night in an oven at 100 degrees C, so as to obtain a precursor powder. Then, the resulting precursor powder was pressure-formed into the pellets having a diameter of 2 cm and a thickness of 5 mm, and was fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, to obtain a negative electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxygen battery includes a catalytic component. The metal oxygen battery includes an electronically conductive component. The metal oxygen battery includes an ionically conductive component. Preferred Method: The oxygen containment unit has a first operating state and a second operating state different from the first operating state, where the first and second operating states collectively defines a reversible operating state. The oxygen containment unit has a first operating state of oxygen absorption into the oxygen storage material and a second operating state of oxygen desorption from the oxygen storage material. The metal oxygen battery has a first operating state of oxygen uptake forming an oxide of M and a second operating state of oxygen release from the oxide of M to oxygen. The metal oxygen battery includes M and oxygen in a first operating state. The metal oxygen battery includes metal peroxide in a second operating state. The oxygen storage material is a solid under the range of operating conditions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrode is a first electrode, and the metal oxygen battery further includes a second electrode including a metal material (M), where the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode. The oxygen storage material is contained within an oxygen containment unit or contained within the metal oxygen battery. The metal oxygen battery and the oxygen containment unit are in a closed-loop. The oxygen containment unit is an oxygen physisorption containment unit, or a sealed oxygen containment unit. (I) further comprises a conduit in fluid communication from the metal oxygen battery to the oxygen containment unit. (I) does not include an oxygen input external to it during operation under the range of operating conditions. The metal oxygen battery is substantially impermeable to atmospheric air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxygen storage material includes a crystalline framework-like compound, an aerogel-like substance, and/or a porous metal substance (preferably a metal-organic framework compound (MOF), covalent organic framework compound (COF), and/or zeolite imidazolate framework compound (ZIF)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The oxygen-permeable ceramics have crystal structure of fluorite type, pervoskite type or pyrochlore type. The oxygen-permeable ceramics contain element chosen from rare-earth element, alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal, preferably calcia doped ceria, magnesia doped ceria, strontium doped ceria, calcia stabilized zirconia, yttria stabilized zirconia, gadolinium oxide stabilized zirconia, lanthanum-strontium-type oxide, strontium-iron-cobalt-type oxide and/or lanthanum-iron-cobalt-type oxide. Preferred Composition: The content of oxygen-permeable ceramics or its precursor is 0.1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of oxide or hydroxide. The in-air oxygen content is 18-30 mol%. The oxygen transmission rate of the oxygen-permeable ceramics or its precursor is 40-60 cm3.cm-2.minute-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sealed secondary battery comprises inorganic additives selected from group consisting of alumina, silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. The positive electrode active material is made of lithium-nickel series oxide or lithium-nickel manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation board consists of polyolefin-type resin or polyimide-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aqueous solution containing nuclei formed during nucleation process, is added to aqueous solution different from that of the aqueous solution containing nuclei. The particle growth process is performed, after discharging a portion of aqueous solution obtained by nucleation process. A compound containing additional element(s), coated on the nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide particles. The mixture containing lithium compound and nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxide particles, is calcined at 359-800 degrees C before baking process. Preferred Condition: The temperature of aqueous solution is 20 degrees C or more, during nucleation process and particle growth process. Preferred Composition: The ammonia concentration of each aqueous solution is 3-25 g/l. Preferred Properties: The secondary particles have an average particle diameter of 3-7 mu m. The parameter ((d90-d10)/average particle diameter) which shows the spread of particle size distribution is 0.55 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The area ratio (P) of porous metal foil is 3-80%, and satisfies the relation: P=100-((Wp/Wn)x 100), where Wp is weight of the porous metal foil and Wn is weight of non-porous metal foil having dimension equivalent to the porous metal foil. The total area ratio of the porous metal foil is 5-60%. The metal fiber is branched fiber which is irregularly spread around. The metal fiber is copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt and tin. The peeling layer contains chromium, titanium, tantalum, niobium, nickel, tungsten and/or organic substance, preferably chromium, chromium alloy or chromium oxide. The depositable metal contained in peeling layer contains copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, and/or tin. Preferred Properties: The metal fiber has wire diameter of 5-80 mu m. The porous metal foil has thickness of 3-40 mu m. The peeling layer has thickness of 1 nm to 100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical of the chemical intercalating step consists of sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, nitric acid, carboxylic acid, metal chloride solution, metal-halogen compound, halogen liquid or vapor, potassium permanganate, alkali nitrate, alkali perchlorate, and/or an oxidizing agent. The metal-halogen compound or halogen liquid or vapor comprises a molecule consisting of bromine, iodine, iodine chloride, iodine bromide, bromine chloride, iodine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tetrachloride, phosphorus tribromide, and/or phosphorus triiodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carboxylic acid consists of aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, straight chain or branched chain carboxylic acid, saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and poly carboxylic acids that have 1-10 carbon atoms, and/or alkyl esters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode active material includes one or both of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) as constituent elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkoxysilane compound is methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltriisopropoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane or phenylmethyldimethoxysilane. The hydrolysate is a polymer having a repeated structure of -Si-O- as a main chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal used in lithium metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The separation layer is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, Teflon, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core nanoparticles comprise nickel, palladium, cobalt or iridium. The metal precursor is ruthenium chloride, rhodium chloride, osmium chloride, iridium chloride or platinum chloride. Preferred Method: The reduction by heating is performed at 70-80 degrees C. The shell metal on the core nanoparticles is coated by reducing the mixture solution by heating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethanol is anhydrous ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium-containing polyanion-type phosphoric acid compound is lithium iron phosphate compound. The amount of fluorinated phosphoric acid ester compound contained in nonaqueous electrolyte is 5-50 volume%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated phosphoric acid ester compound is trifluoroalkyl phosphoric acid ester compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alternately, the negative electrode is obtained by baking coke material obtain by blending one or more green coal or petroleum coke and one or more calcined coke or petroleum coke in mass ratio of 90:10-10:90 and adding phosphorus compound and boron compound to obtained product. Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus compound and boron compound is 0.1-6 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of total amount of green coke and calcined coke.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyimide resin having ether bond in repeating unit. The content of polyimide resin is 0.1-10 %mass with respect to content of negative electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: By adjusting the pH of aqueous solution for nucleation after nucleation process is completed, the aqueous solution for nuclear growth is formed. The nucleus is added to the aqueous solution for nuclear growth. After discharging a portion of liquid of the aqueous solution for particle growth after nucleation process, particle growth process is carried out. The temperature of aqueous solution during nucleation process and particle growth process is 20 degrees C or more. During nucleation and particle growth process, the ammonium-ion concentration of each aqueous solution is set to 3-25 g/L. The nickel composite hydroxide obtained by particle growth is coated with a compound having additional element(s) in a molecule. The additional element is uniformly distributed and/or its surface is uniformly coated by the inside of secondary particles. The ratio (number of lithium atoms/sum of number of atoms of metals other than) in the mixture is adjusted to 0.95/1-1.15/1. Before baking, calcination is carried out at a lower temperature at which the heat-processed particles react with lithium compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average material particles have average hardness of 0.5 MPa or more and average particle diameter of 3-10 mu m. The average opening width of through hole is 0.01 mu m or more. Preferred Particles: The active material particles contain nickel, cobalt and manganese as main element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode has a substrate consisting of glassy carbon, pyrolytic graphite, carbon paste, carbon fibers, indium tin oxide, gold, or platinum, or is a composite electrode consisting of particles of indium tin oxide, glassy carbon, pyrolytic graphite, carbon paste, or carbon fibers, and redox polymer. The electrolyte layer contains potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium sulfate aqueous solution, tetramethylammonium chloride aqueous solution, sodium hexafluorophosphate aqueous solution, acetonitrile, or propylene carbonate. The oxygen-reduction catalyst consists of carbon fibers, carbon paste, manganese dioxide, cobalt porphyrin, platinum, ruthenium oxide, or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic compound is quinone compound, imide compound, viologen compound, phenazine compound, or carboxylic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The organic compound is a redox polymer containing a residue having oxidation-reduction capability per polymer repeating unit. The polymer uses polyolefin, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyether, polyvinyl ether, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, and/or their copolymers as principal chain. The redox polymer has benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, phthalimide, tetracarboxylic diimide, naphthyl diimide, perylene diimide, succinic acid, phthalic acid, phenazine, acridine, viologen, galvinoxyl, or nitronyl nitroxide as side chain. The principal chain of redox polymer has a crosslinked structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cooling member is made of a metal plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat resistant porous layer contains inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin further contains ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having weight average molecular weight of 1500000 or more manufactured using the Ziegler Natta catalyst. The heat resistant resin is chosen from fully aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polysulfone, polyketone, polyetherketone, polyetherimide and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic electroconductive metal oxide is in the form of ammonium tin fluoride aqueous solution, ammonium titanium fluoride aqueous solution, tin fluoride aqueous solution, and/or boric acid aqueous solution. The bipolar plate is made of carbon or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material mixture is lithium metal oxide (LiaMXbOc) (I), where a is 0-2.5, b is 0-3, c is (a+(valence of M) +b(valence of X))/2, M is transition metal element, preferably manganese, nickel, cobalt and iron, and X is glass formulation element, preferably boron, phosphorus and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lead for negative electrode terminal has clad material consist of nickel, nickel alloy, copper. The lead for positive electrode terminal is made up of thick plate of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte battery has positive electrode (2) containing the active material (A) and (B), negative electrode (3) and nonaqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The active material (A) is obtained by interposing electroconductive substance between primary particles and secondary particles. Preferred Property: The primary particles of the active material (A) have average particles diameter of 10-600 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The metal oxide primary particles-fused component has electroconductivity of 0.1-1000 S/cm and bulk density of 0.1-0.95. Preferred Process: The metal oxide primary particles-fused component is obtained by reducing at 50 degrees C or more in presence of nitrogen gas and ammonia atmosphere, obtaining metal nitride, fusing at least 80% more of microcrystal of obtained metal nitride and bonded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative electrode current collecting board and the negative electrode terminal are made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoparticles are selected from nanoparticles of carbon black, conductive oxides, conductive polymers, and/or metals. The porous support is selected from metal gauze, carbon fabrics or felts, and felts of conductive materials. The nanowires are made from metal or metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is selected from fluorinated polymers, electronic polymers, and/or polyvinyl acetate. The matrix is made from material selected from polycarbonate, polyester, nylon, nitrocellulose esters, sulfonated esters, and/or cellulose acetate. The nanowires are made from conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material further comprises high-conductive carbon black as conductive support agent. The negative electrode active material contains 45-95 mol% of tin oxide and 5-55 mol% of phosphorus pentoxide. The negative electrode active material is in the amorphous state.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting resin is polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of niobium in lithium titanate is 50 ppm or more. The lithium titanate has average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m and Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 1-10 m2/g. The lithium titanate is obtained by baking a mixture containing a lithium compound and titanium dioxide, or lithium compound, titanium dioxide and sulfate of alkaline earth metal. The sulfate of alkaline earth metal is calcium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The ion-conductive group is proton-conductive group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte contains aromatic vinyl polymer block (A) (5-50 weight%). The content of ion-conductive group in 1 g of the aromatic vinyl polymer block (A) is 4.8 meq/g or more. The aliphatic vinyl polymer block (B) is a rubber-like polymeric block containing repeating unit chosen from 2-8C alkene unit, 5-8C cycloalkene unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkane unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, 4-8C conjugated diene unit, and 5-8C conjugation cycloalkadiene unit. The polymer electrolyte further contains aromatic vinyl polymer block (C) (20-60 weight%). The aromatic vinyl-type compound unit of the aromatic vinyl polymer block (C) is a substituted aromatic vinyl-type compound unit having 1-3 1-8C hydrocarbon groups on an aromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The supernatant liquid obtained after stirring lithium-nickel complex oxide particle powder (20 g) in water (100 ml) for 20 minutes is separated and titrated. The amount of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate in the supernatant is calculated using 0.2N hydrochloric acid and is found to be 0.25% or less and 0.15% or less, respectively. The amount of gas generated after maintaining the positive electrode active material at 4.2V charging state for 24 hours is 0.4 ml/g or less. Preferred Composition: Alternately, nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide is used instead of nickel-cobalt hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Structure: The solid particles of compound (I) are in crystal form or amorphous form. Preferred Process: The solid particles of phosphorus compound (I) are obtained by heat-processing molten material of compound (I) using oxidant gas having oxygen partial pressure of 0.21-1 kPa and then cooling with cooling rate of -100-1x 1010 degrees C/second. Preferred Composition: The phosphorus compound (I) is preferably of formula: A3M2P3O12. The compound (II) is ferric oxide, ferrous oxide or manganese oxide. The phosphoric acid compound contains 0.1-20 %mass of carbon source chosen from organic compound and carbon powder. The phosphoric acid compound is olivine-type phosphoric acid crystals of formula: LiFecMn1-cPO4 or LiFePO4.A=Li;andc=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water content of thin leaf material after heat-processing is 100 ppm or less. The equilibrium moisture regain of the organic polymer substance is 0.2% or more. The air permeability of thin leaf material before heat-processing is 100 seconds or less. Preferred Components: The organic polymer substance is aramid. The thermoplastic polymer is polyolefin. The thin leaf material is formed by coating the thermoplastic polymer on aramid thin leaf material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anion exchanger comprises particulate anion exchange resin or monolithic anion exchanger. The cation exchanger comprises monolithic cation exchanger or particulate cation exchange resin. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layered lithium nickel manganese cobalt complex oxide is composition of formula Li1+yNizMnzCo1-2zO2. The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide which may be hydrated.y=0-0.2; andz=0.3-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one portion of surface of lithium-containing complex oxide is coated by multivalent organic lithium salt. The positive mix layer further contains amorphous crystalline carbon material having average particle diameter of 1 mu m or less, and fibrous carbon or carbon nanotube having average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less. The multivalent organic lithium salt is multivalent fluorine-containing organic lithium salt. The lithium-containing complex oxide is of formula: LiNixMyMn2-x-y04, where M is nickel, manganese or lithium, x is 0.4-0.6 and y is 0-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electrode material powder shows main peak corresponding to pore radius of 1600-4000 nm and sub peak corresponding to pore radius of 80-1600 nm in the pore distribution curve obtained by mercury intrusion technique. The powder has volume density of 2.1 g/cm3 or more. Preferred Process: The baking is performed in oxygen-containing atmosphere at 1050 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The addition amount of the additives is 0.01-2 mol% with respect to the sum total molar quantity of the transition metal element in the main raw material. The additive (A) is boric acid, oxo acid salt, oxide or hydroxide. The additive (B) is oxide. The molar ratio of the additive (A) and additive (B) is 10:1-1:20. The main raw material contains lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide having layered crystal structure. The electrode material has composition of formula: LiMO2.M=lithium, nickel and manganese or lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt.The molar ratio of manganese-nickel is 0.1-5, the molar ratio of cobalt and sum total of manganese, nickel and cobalt is 0-0.35 and the molar ratio of the metal (M) and lithium is 0.001-0.2. The metal (M) satisfies the relation: M=Liz/2+z((Ni(1+y)/2Mn(1-y)/2)1-xCox)2/(2+z).x=0.1-0.35 (excluding 0.1);y=-0.1 to 0.1;andz=(1-x)(0.02-0.98y)-(1-x)(0.20-0.88y).The lithium compound is lithium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative active material comprises silicon, silicon oxide of formula (SiOx), and/or a Si-Q alloy. The positive active material comprises at least one metal compound of formula (LigNihL1-fOe), (LixNiyCozL1a1-y-zOq), or (Lix1MO2-z1L2z1).x = 0-2;Q = an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a transition element, and/or a rare earth element, with the proviso that Q is not Si;g = 0.8-2;h = 0-1;e = 1-2;j = 0-1;L, L1a = Al, Mn, Mg, Zr and/or La;x = 0.65-1;y = 0-1;z = 0-1;y+z = 0-q;q = 1.8-2;M = M1a1-kAk;M1a = Ni1-d-nMndCon;d+n = 0.65-0.85;n = 0.1-0.4;A = dopant;k = 0-0.05;L2 = F, S and/or P;x1 = 0.95-1.05; andz1 = 0-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxide compound comprises aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, and/or silicic acid. The non-aqueous organic solvent comprises an ethylene carbonate organic solvent, which is a (1,3)dioxolan-2-one compound of formula (A). The ethylene carbonate organic solvent is present at 10-30 wt.%. The non-aqueous organic solvent comprises fluoroethylene carbonate. The non-aqueous organic solvent comprises fluoroethylene carbonate is present at 15-25 wt.%.R1, R2 = H, halo, CN, NO2 or substituted alkyl.Provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is a halo, or a substituted alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer further comprises a heat-resistant resin including an aramid resin, a polyamideimide resin, and/or a polyimide resin. The polymer substrate is a substrate including a polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal substrate is made of aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, chromium, tin, or their alloys, or stainless steel. The electrically conductive powder is gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, nickel, chromium, or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible material of case is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyethylene imide, polyethylene terephthalate, PTFE and expanded PTFE. The case is formed of mixture of fiber and resin material selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyethylene imide, polyethylene terephthalate, PTFE and expanded PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fibrous carbon is carbon nanotube. The carbon black is acetylene black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The indigo compound is chosen from indigo or indigo carmine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material contains polymer (a) as binder and polymer (b) as thickener. At least one of ionic polymer is anionic polymer having carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The X-ray source uses rhodium, chromium, copper or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst is selected from copper, zinc, aluminum, zirconium and palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cylinder is made of Mumetal (RTM: nickel-iron alloy).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin type thermoplastic elastomer is formed by copolymer of crystalline polypropylene and ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer having a durometer A hardness of 90 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The wireless transmitter transmits the information using standardized wireless transmission formats such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, Bluetooth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The fusion chamber is further configured with a positive charge to contain the protons in it and the electromagnetic radiation is directed at the collected protons to create energy to cause the collected protons to fuse and provide the energy gain. The electrons are separated from the protons in the nucleus of hydrogen atom using at least one of photoelectric effect, heat, and platinum catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The auxiliary electrode comprises gold and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The nonaqueous secondary battery has a separator containing solid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The 1,4-benzoquinone compound is of formula (I).R1,R2=lower alkyl;andX1,X2=H or halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: A raw-material powder containing (in mol%) lithium oxide (20-50), ferric oxide (10-40) and phosphorus pentoxide (20-50), is melted to obtain a molten glass. The obtained molten glass is quenched to obtain a precursor glass. The precursor glass is then pulverized to obtain precursor glass powder. A carbon or an organic compound is added to the precursor glass powder, and baked in an inactive or reducing environment at (glass transition temperature)-1000 degrees C, to obtain crystallized glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The trivalent iron compound is ferric oxide. The raw-material powder further contains niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, silica, boric oxide, germanium dioxide, alumina, gallium oxide, antimony oxide and bismuth oxide, in a total amount of 0.1-25 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: At least one portion of the carbon property particles is exposed with respect to the exterior. The size of carbon property particles is 1 nm to 100 mu m. The thickness of aluminum foil is 1-150 mu m. The content of aluminum in the aluminum foil is 97-99.9 %mass and the total content of sulfur and chlorine is 1.5 %mass or less. The dispersion load of carbon property particles is 0.01-3 %mass of the aluminum foil. The application current density is 2 A/dm2 or more during electroplating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plating solution comprises dialkyl sulfone, aluminum halide, and nitrogen compounds(s) chosen from ammonium halide, hydrohalide salt of primary amine, hydrohalide salt of secondary amine, hydrohalide salt of tertiary amine, and quaternary ammonium salt of formula: R1R2R3R4N.X.R1-R4=alkyl;andX=counter anion with respect to quaternary ammonium cation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An electrode layer containing carbon material and metallic lithium is formed. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of carbon material in electrode layer is 0.1-10 mu m. The microcrystal size of metallic lithium in electrode layer is 5-5000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The thermal absorption material contains solder alloy containing tin, or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Specifically, the gel electrolyte comprises 250-500 g/L of sulfuric acid, 150-500 g/L of vanadium sulfate, 10-60 g/L of gelatin, and 10-200 g/L of additive. Preferably, the gel electrolyte comprises 290-400 g/L of sulfuric acid, 240-330 g/L of vanadium sulfate, 15-30 g/L of gelatin, and 20-150 g/L of additive. Specifically, the additive comprises 0.1-4 wt.% of silicon dioxide, 0.5-5 wt.% of alkaline metal and/or its sulfate, 0.1-4 wt.% of glycol, 0.5-5 wt.% of salt of metallic indium, and 0.5-5 wt.% of alkyl ammonium sulfate containing 1-4 carbon atoms. Preferably, the additive comprises 0.5-2 wt.% of silicon dioxide, 1.5-3 wt.% of alkaline metal and/or its sulfate, 1-2 wt.% of glycol, 0.5-2 wt.% of salt of metallic indium, and 1-3 wt.% of alkyl ammonium sulfate containing 1-4 carbon atoms. The salt of the metallic indium is one or more of indium nitride, indium sulfate, and indium chloride. The alkaline metal and/or its sulfate is one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. The alkyl ammonium sulfate containing 1-4 carbon atoms is one or more of tetramethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, methylammonium sulfate, tetraethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, n-tetrapropylammonium hydrogen sulfate, n-tetrapropylammonium sulfate, n-tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, and n-tetrabutylammonium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The battery is lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing a lithium incorporation composition, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte containing lithium ions, where the positive electrode comprises an active material, distinct electrically conductive powders and a polymer binder, where the positive electrode active material comprises an active composition coated with an inorganic coating composition. In the lithium ion battery, the active composition has a tap density of 1.3 g/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating composition comprises AlF3, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2 or BaF2, where the coating has an average thickness of 0.5-12 (preferably 1-8) nm. The active composition is a compound of formula bLiM'O2.(1-b) Li2M''O3, Li1+x'Ni alpha Mn beta Co gamma A delta O2 or Li1+xNi alpha Mn beta 'Co gamma 'O2. In the lithium ion battery, the active composition is a compound of formula Li1+xNi alpha Mn beta Co gamma M'a delta O2.M'=metal ions having an average valance of +3;M''=metal ions having an average valance of +4;b=0-1;x'=0.05-0.25;alpha =0.1-0.4;beta =0.4-0.65;gamma =0-0.3;delta =0-0.1;A and M'a=Mg, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr, Ti, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Cr, Fe, V and/or Li;beta '=0.3-0.65;gamma '=0.05-0.4.Preferred Components: In the lithium ion battery, the negative electrode comprises elemental carbon, where the inorganic composition coating the positive electrode active composition comprises a metal/metalloid fluoride. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The transition metal-doped lithium nitride compound has compositional formula: Li3-xMxN.M=cobalt, nickel, manganese, titanium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc and/or vanadium;andx=value between 0 and 3.The anode active material is chosen from graphite, silicon, their alloy, oxide, phosphorus oxide and chalcogenide compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polarity of polymeric membrane is adjusted by varying the ratio of methyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate monomers. The volume ratio of methyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate monomers is 5:5. Preferred Process: The preparation of membrane further involves washing the viscous mixture with a solvent e.g. petroleum ether, and drying. The refluxing step is performed at 95 degrees C, under nitrogen gas flow condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains (in wt.%) phosphoric acid (45), sulfuric acid (41) and distilled water (14). The abrasive comprises diamond. Preferred Process: The ultrasonically cleaning of stainless steel plate is carried out using acetone solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first catalyst contains platinum, palladium, rhenium, rhodium, cerium, ruthenium and/or iridium. The second catalyst contains copper, iron, cobalt, cerium, aluminum and/or their oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The primary unit is mixer, which provides frictional force and pulverization force to mixture. Preferred Property: A straight line is produced when viscosity of pre-paste is plotted by log-log with respect to shear rate. The flow limit of mixture is a paste state, at which inclination of straight line is set to -1. The slurry state of mixture is a paste state, at which inclination of straight line is set to -0.8.
Preferred Definitions:    M=manganese;    D'=magnesium;and    x=0.03-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin layer consists of a copolymer resin containing propylene and ethylene, and having melting point of 135-155 degrees C. A low-melting-point resin layer having a melting point lower than the melting point of thermoplastic resin layer, is further formed on the biaxially-stretched polypropylene layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal microparticle is alloy containing electroconductive gold, silver, copper, nickel, transparent electroconductive zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, platinum which has catalytic action, palladium, ruthenium and/or vanadium. Preferred Parameters: The size of metal microparticles is 1 nm-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microparticles from which size differs are mixed and used as reactive metal granule. The reactive metal microparticle is connect-fixed in state containing bigger space than microparticles. The big metal microparticle is covered by small metal microparticle. The surface of reactive metal microparticle is covered by composite film of compound which contains fluorocarbon group in one end and reactive sensitive group in other end. The bonding of film is directly carried out to metal microparticle surface through sulfur of compound. The compound containing thiol group is chosen from H2N-(CH2)n-T, HOOC-(CH2)n-T, EP-(CH2)n-T, (AO)3Si-(CH2)n-T, HS-(CH2)n-T, HO-(C6H4)-T, H2N-(C6H4)-T and HS-(C6H4)-T. The solvent is paste, non-aqueous organic solvent, aqueous medium or water.T=SH group or triazine-thiol group and triazine thiol;n=0-16;A=alkyl; andEP=compound of formulae (19-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average value of depth range at which carbon amount is larger than background level, is 1-5 nm, which is calculated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The water-soluble organic compound has a group of formula: CH2(-X)-CH(-OH)- (A). The group (A) is formed by reacting active hydrogen-containing compound (X-H) with epoxy group of an epoxy-group-containing compound.X=residue formed by excluding active hydrogen from active hydrogen-containing compound, preferably -OH, -N(-R1)(-R2) or group of formula (I);R1,R2=hydroxyalkyl, ether, aromatic substituted alkyl, unsaturated hydrocarbyl or alkyl;andR3-R5=H, or R1.The water-soluble organic compound further has imidazole group in a molecule. The azole compound is benzotriazole type compound, preferably 1,2,3-benzotriazole. Preferred Composition: The content of azole compound and water-soluble organic compound in the mixed layer is 0.01-0.25 g/L and 0.5-20 g/L, respectively. Preferred Arrangement: An intermediate layer containing azole compound or a chromate layer, is further formed between the copper-foil surface and mixed layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The epoxy group-containing compound is water-soluble epoxy resin having glycidoxy group, or a silane coupling agent having glycidoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive substrate contains materials selected from group consisting of copper, stainless steel, nickel and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex oxide is of formula: Lx(Ni1-yCoy)1-zMezO2 (I), where x is 0.99-1.12, y is 0-0.25, z is 0-0.1, and Me is aluminum, manganese, magnesium, titanium, iron, copper, zinc and/or gallium. The water-soluble lithium compound is lithium hydroxide. The aqueous paste comprises positive electrode active material and an aqueous medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dispersed precursor solution is subjected to sonication before reducing the dispersed precursor solution. The step of reducing the dispersed precursor solution is performed using a reducing agent comprising sodium borohydride. Preferred Components: The ethanol is anhydrous ethanol. The stabilizer is oleylamine or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The support comprises carbon powder, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black (RTM: Electrically conductive carbon black), activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanowires, carbon nanohorns, carbon aerogel, carbon xerogel and carbon nanorings. In the method, a transition metal of the transition metal precursor comprises ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum. EXAMPLE - Oleylamine (80 mu l) and Vulcan XC-72R (RTM: Carbon black) (carbon support) (0.15 g) were added to anhydrous ethanol (120 ml), stirred and sonicated for 30 minutes. The ruthenium precursor (0.2498 g) was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol (60 ml) and added to the solution containing the carbon support with stirring. The solution obtained was finally reduced, the sodium borohydride (0.19 g) was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol (20 ml) and added at once to the solution with vigorous stirring, and the stirring rate was lowered appropriately and maintained for 1.5 hours. The mixture was filtered and washed using acetone (100 ml) and ethanol (300 ml) and drying at 40 degrees C for 6 hours to form nano-sized catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particulate carbon-containing material consists of: a particulate metal oxide/carbon composite material optionally in combination with lithium ions, where the metal oxide comprises ions consisting of titanium, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, indium and tin; a particulate metal/carbon composite material comprising a metal that is alloyed with lithium consisting of magnesium, aluminum, gallium, indium, tin and antimony; a particulate metaloid/carbon composite material comprising a metaloid that is alloyed with lithium consisting of boron, silicon and germanium; and a particulate metal phosphate/carbon composite material optionally in combination with lithium ions, where the metal phosphate comprises ions consisting of titanium, vanadium, manganese, nickel and cobalt. The particles have a titanium oxide core, a tin oxide core or a lithium metal phosphate (LiMPO4) olivine core, which is coated with 0.5-30 wt.% of carbon, and a size of 5-150 nm, where M comprises metals consisting of iron, manganese, nickel and cobalt. The precursor materials of the metal phosphate nanoparticle material include compounds comprising carbon, oxygen, phosphate, lithium and a metal consisting of iron, manganese, nickel or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrocatalyst comprises tantalum, lead, ruthenium, iridium, tin, barium, silver, platinum, and/or their oxides. The loading amount of the electrocatalyst is 2400 mu g/cm2 of electrode or more. Preferred Properties: The diameter of the hollow spherical electrode is 1-50 mu m, and the thickness of electrocatalyst is 140-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode(s) comprises (wt.%) carbon material (0.1-5, preferably 2-5), and lignin (less than 0.05, preferably more than 0 but lesser than 0.1). The carbon material has a surface area of 200-750 (preferably 200-500) m2/g. The negative electrode(s) further comprises barium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium-containing composite oxide contains at least one metallic element selected from sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), scandium (Sc), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and boron (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (I) consists of cyclic carbonate that has carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and halogen atom, monofluorophosphate, difluorophosphate and nitrile compound, and forms 0.001-10 weight% of the electrolyte solution. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of (3,3,3-trifluoro-propionyl)-phosphonic acid allyl ester 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl ester of formula (F3CH2CO-P(=O)(OCH2CF3)-O-CH2-CH=CH2) is specifically claimed as (Ia).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lithium containing metal sulfide uses metals selected from one of boron, indium and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution contains chelate complex of lithium compound, iron compound, phosphorus compound and organic acid. The organic acid has carbonyl group. The content of organic acid is 10-50 weight%. The heating of mist is performed at 400-800 degrees C in presence of carrier gas with flow volume of 1-15 L/minute. The baking process is performed in mixed gas atmosphere inert gas and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A portion of disulfonate in nonaqueous electrolyte solution is substituted by sultone compound of formula (IV). The content of phosphazene structure-containing compound (I) is 3-20 %mass with respect to total content of nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution is gelatinized by polymer.R8-R13=H, 1-12C alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl or 6-12C aryl;andm=0-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-containing metal oxide is an olivine type lithium phosphate containing nickel, manganese and/or iron, or lithium-containing transition metal compound containing nickel and/or manganese. The carbon material is artificial graphite or natural graphite. The ratio of peak intensity of (110) plane of the graphite crystal obtained from X-ray diffraction measurement of the negative electrode sheet when the density of the portion except the collector of a negative electrode formed by pressure is 1.5 g/cm3, and peak intensity of (004) plane is 0.01-0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The biphenyl derivative is of formula (I). Preferably, the biphenyl derivative is biphenyl, o-terphenyl, 4-methyl-biphenyl, 4-ethylbiphenyl, 4-t-butylbiphenyl, 4-methoxybiphenyl, and/or 4-(methylsulfonyloxy)biphenyl. The alkylphenol derivative is of formula (II). Preferably, the alkylphenol derivative is 4-t-butylanisole, 4-t-pentylanisole, 2,4-di-t-butylanisole, 2,6-di-t-butylanisole, 4-t-butylphenylmethanesulfonate, 4-t-pentylphenylmethanesulfonate, 2,4-di-t-butylphenylmethanesulfonate, and/or 2,6-di-t-butylphenylmethanesulfonate. The ratio of content of biphenyl derivative and/or alkylphenol derivative with respect to content of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene is 0.1-1.X=H, 1-6C alkyl, phenyl, 1-6C alkoxy, or 1-6C alkanesulfonyloxy;R1=1-7C alkyl, preferably t-alkyl of formula: -C(-R2)(-R4)-R3;R2-R4=methyl or ethyl;Y'=1-6C alkyl, 1-6C alkanesulfonyl, 2-6C acyl, 2-6C alkoxycarbonyl, or formyl;andn=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method includes extracting vacuum and processing for 2-4 hours in vacuum oven of 60-100 degrees C. The curing agent is dodecyl sulfate (DDS). The mass ratio of epoxy resin to DDS is 7:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves washing the baking container and heating at 80 degrees C or more, before storing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid solution containing tin comprises active components: stannous oxide, stannous hydroxide, stannous chloride, stannous sulfide, stannous pyrophosphate, stannous sulfate, alkyl stannous sulfonate, or stannous fluoride. The acid solution containing vanadium comprises active components: vanadium dioxide or vanadyl sulfate. The electrolyte is acid electrolyte comprising the main components i.e. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen nitrate, phosphoric acid, and/or carbonic acid. The membrane is an anion-exchange membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high surface area metal powder is selected from Group V-VIII of periodic table (preferably nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, and vanadium, more preferably nickel and iron). The metal halide comprises nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, iron chloride, manganese chloride, chromium chloride, and vanadium chloride. The molten electrolyte comprises sodium tetrahaloaluminate, where the halogen component comprises iodine, bromine, and chlorine. The molten anodic metal comprises alkali metals from Group I of periodic table. The molten anodic metal comprises sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer of the negative electrode is made of an aluminum alloy consisting of 90-99 wt.% of aluminum, 0.5-5 wt.% of magnesium, 0.3-2 wt.% of manganese and 0.1 wt.% or less of copper, iron, silicon and chromium. The metal can comprises an aluminum alloy comprising magnesium, manganese and iron. The positive electrode comprises an active material consisting of lithium manganese composite oxide, lithium nickel composite oxide, lithium cobalt composite oxide, lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide, spinel type lithium manganese nickel composite oxide, lithium manganese cobalt composite oxide, iron lithium phosphate and lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having a laminar crystal structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises a solvent including propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and gamma -butyrolactone, and an electrolyte including lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong base is a tertiary amine. The solvent is a polar aprotic solvent or a chlorinated solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong acid is sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is halogenated. The components further include a halogenated monomer, where the halogenated monomer is hydrophobic, and the halogenated monomer comprises a vinyl group. The ionomer is crosslinked. The components further comprise: a dihalo crosslinker; and an ionic monomer. The polymer component is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The polymer component is an elastomer. EXAMPLE - Polyepichlorohydrin (2 g) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (18 g) and heated to 70 degrees C for 2 hours. Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (1.82 g) and potassium iodide (0.02 g) were added and stirred at 70 degrees C for 7 hours until a thick viscous gel was obtained. The gel was cooled to room temperature and vinylbenzyl chloride (2.48 g) was added slowly with external cooling in a water bath. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Azoisobutyronitrile (0.10 g) was added and stirred for 2 hours before sealing the mixture in a bag. The mixture was cured thermally at 90 degrees C for 5 hours to give polyepichlorohydrin-1,4-diazobicyclo(2.2.2)octane-vinylbenzyl chloride membranes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The method conforms to wireless fidelity, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The baking process is performed at 500-900 degrees C for 1-24 hours. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lithium is 0.8-1.2. The organometallic compound containing mineral salt of lithium or lithium is used as lithium. The organometallic compound containing mineral salt of aluminum or aluminum is used as aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferred Composition: The total amount of expanded graphite and/or whisker-like carbon is 0.5-3.0 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon particles have average particle diameter of 1-100 mu m measured by laser diffraction-type particle size distribution analyzer, specific surface area of 10 m2/g or less calculated from nitrogen adsorption measurement, bulk density of 0.7 g/ml or more, true specific gravity of 2.2 or more and exothermic peak at 550-650 degrees C measured by differential thermal analysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The degree of graphitization is preferably 0.3-0.7. The thickness (Lc (004)) of the microcrystal in c-axial direction of the carbon material is 10-80 nm, and the thickness (La (110)) of the microcrystal in a-axial direction is 10-190 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode substance is lithium permanganate, lithium iron oxide, lithium nickel oxide or lithium phosphate of formula: LixAyPO4 or LixAyB'zC'wPO4.A=cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, copper and/or chromium;B',C'=magnesium, calcium, zinc, germanium, titanium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon or boron;x=0.8-2;andy,z,w=0-1.5, w and z are not 0 simultaneously.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The polar solvent is water and/or water-soluble polar organic solvent. The monomer is 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene, pyrrole or aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst precursors are selected from chloroplatinic acid, platinum nitrate, ammonium hexachloroplatinate, disodium hexachloroplatinate, dipotassium hexachloroplatinate, dihydrogen hexahydroxy palatinate, platinum oxide, platinum chloride, hydrogendinitrosulfatoplatinate, auric chloride, rhodium chloride or silver sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon material has diameter of 0.001-2 mm, and is spherical.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The nozzle is spray nozzle having aperture diameter of 0.1-10 mm and nozzle hole number of 1-20. Preferred Process: The carbon material is subjected to graphitization process at 2000-3100 degrees C. The infusible process is carried out at 270-500 degrees C. The carbonization process is carried out at 700-1500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves introducing a gaseous hydrogen sulfide in the aqueous medium containing lithium hydroxide. EXAMPLE - Lithium hydroxide (in g) (5) was added to a flask containing distilled water (45). Then, hydrogen sulfide was blown at a rate of 300 ml/minute, and reacted at 205 degrees C for 2 hours in presence of nitrogen, to obtain lithium sulfide as scale-like powder with purity of 99.6%. The total content of impurities in the lithium sulfide is 500 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The industrial caustic alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The ultrasonic wave power in the step (iii) is 50-80 W and the frequency is 40-100 KHz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent in the step (i) is polyethylene glycol or Tween-80 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (B) is aza ester derivative, lactam derivative of formula (I), nitrogen-containing compound of formula: N(-R2)(-R3)-(CH2-CH2-N(-R1)-CH2-CH2)n2-N(-R4)(-R5) or cyclic structure of formula (II).R=alkylene or arylene optionally substituted by halo, alkyl, alkoxy, ether or thioether;n1=1-8;R1-R7=fluorocarbyl or nitridation hydrocarbyl;andn2,m1,n3=0-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The coke has Raman spectroscopic value of 2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide. The polar solvent is water and/or water-soluble polar organic solvent. The anode substance contains lithium manganese oxide, lithium ferrate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nitrate, lithium phosphate of formula: LixAyPO4 and/or LixAyB'zC'wPO4, and impurities (0.5 %mass or less).A=Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu or Cr;B',C'=Mg, Ca, Zn, Ge, Ti, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, Si or B;x=0.8-2;andy,z,w=0-1.5, where z and w are not 0 simultaneously.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive polymer is chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyethylene sulfonate, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filaments comprise electrically conductive material selected from carbon or graphite whiskers, carbon nano-tubes, nano-scaled graphene platelets and/or metal nano wires. The positive electrode comprises cathode active material selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, non-lithiated oxide of transition metal, lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, non-lithiated transition metal phosphate and/or chalcogen compound. The positive electrode comprises sulfur, sulfur-containing compound, sulfur-carbon polymer and/or sulfur-carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particles comprises lithium or lithium alloy particles that are surface-coated with carbon dioxide, fluorine, fluorine-containing compound, wax, lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, petroleum pitch, coal tar pitch, polymer, organic substance or inorganic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filaments comprise fiber selected from electrically conductive electro-spun polymer fiber, electro-spun polymer nanocomposite fiber comprising conductive filler, nano carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are bacterial of Rhodococcus genus or Gordonia genus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil component is obtained by converting mineral oil such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and biogas or oil component derived from plant animal and plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode material slurry further contains carbon material as electrode active material and aqueous binder. The content of electrode active material with respect to 1 part weight of adherence-improving agent is 50-200 parts weight, based on solid conversion. The ratio of content of aqueous binder with respect to content of adherence-improving agent is 70/30-30/70, based on solid conversion. Preferred Process: The electrode material slurry is applied on a collector, to form coating film. The coating film has peeling strength of 6.5-10 N/m which is 90 times than the peeling strength of copper foil based on JIS K6854-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carboxymethyl cellulose having average substitution degree of 0.3-0.5. The aqueous solution containing 1 wt.% of acid-type alkali metal salt of carboxy methylcellulose is 1200-7000 mPa.second at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The lithium sulfur battery comprises an anode containing lithium, a cathode containing elemental sulfur and current collectors, with the electrolyte solvent. The solvent is contained in the cathode. The lithium sulfur battery further comprises a membrane which is selectively conductive for the respective metal ions (preferably lithium ions).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution further comprises an electrolyte salt selected from LiBF4, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiPO2F2, LiPF6 or LiN(CF3SO2)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoro substituted organic compound is selected from monofluoroethylene carbonate, cis-difluoroethylene carbonate, trans-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoroethylene carbonate, tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-fluoro-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-methyl carbonate, or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-fluoromethyl carbonate. The electrolyte solvent further comprises at least one non-fluorinated solvent. The non-fluorinated solvent is selected from alkyl carbonates, alkylene carbonates, or ethers, (preferably 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, dimethylcarbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and/or diethyl carbonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic comprises polyamide and/or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder further contains polyamidoimide containing 1-10 mol% of diamine residue (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The crystallized glass powder contains (in mol%) lithium oxide (20-50), ferric oxide (5-40) and phosphorus pentoxide (20-50). The sum total content of niobium oxide, vanadium oxide, silica, boron oxide, germanium oxide, alumina, gallium oxide, antimony oxide and bismuth oxide in the crystallized glass powder is 0.1-25 mol%. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of crystallized glass powder is 0.01-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amorphous layer contains (in atomic%) phosphorus (5-40), carbon (0-60) and oxygen (30-80). The sum total content of iron, niobium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt and nickel in the amorphous layer is 0-25 atomic%. The positive electrode material further contains magnetic particles (1000 ppm or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode active material consists of amorphous substances. The cathode active material contains amorphous substances. A raw material powder is complex oxide containing phosphorus and tin, a metal powder or a carbon powder. The cathode active material contains (in mol%) tin oxide (45-95) and phosphorus pentoxide (5-55). The cathode active material contains tin oxide (10-70), lithium oxide (20-70) and phosphorus pentoxide (2-40) during completion of discharge. Preferred Properties: The cathode active material has average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m and maximum particle diameter of 75 mu m or less. The cathode active material has an amorphous halo pattern at 10-45 degrees with 2( tau ) value in the diffraction line profile obtained by a powder X-ray-diffraction measurement using copper K- alpha ray. When a curve fitting is carried out by two-component of the peak component (P1) which fixed 2( tau ) value to 22.5 degrees and the peak component (P2) at the side of an angle higher than 22.5 degrees , the position of the peak vertex of component (P2) is 25-29 degrees in 2( tau ) value. The half-power band width of the diffraction line peak detected by the range of 2( tau ) value of 30-50 degrees C and/or range of 2( tau ) value of 10-30 degrees of the diffraction line profile obtained by a powder X-ray-diffraction measurement using a copper K- alpha ray is 0.5 degrees or more during completion of charging. The half-power band width of the diffraction line peak detected by the range of 2( tau ) value of 15-40 degrees of the diffraction line profile obtained by a powder X-ray-diffraction measurement using a copper K- alpha ray is 0.1 degrees or more during completion of discharge. The difference between bond energy value of the electron in the Sn3d5/2 orbit of tin (Sn) atom in the cathode active material to bond energy value of electron in the Sn3d5/2 orbit of metal tin is 0.01-3.5 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The spacer is made of soft plastic that comprises one of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The solid electrolyte layer contains amorphous sulfide-type solid electrolyte. Preferred Property: The ratio of thickness (Tb) of interface layer with respect to total thickness of negative electrode layer (Tn) and interface layer is more than 0.001 to less than 0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal ions are selected from Ag+, Cu+, and/or Zn2+.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bore fluid is water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, and/or dimethyl acetamide. The coagulant is water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, and/or propylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Membrane: The selective layer constitutes the outermost portion of the hollow fiber membrane. The voids across the thickness of the supporting layers are non-uniform in size. The sizes of the voids in the outer part of the supporting layer are smaller than the sizes of the voids in the inner part of the supporting layer. The sizes of the voids in the outer part of the supporting layer are 1-10 nm and the sizes of the voids in the inner part of the supporting layer are 1-10 mu m. The outer diameter of the membrane is 150-1000 mu m and the inner diameter of the membrane is 75-500 mu m. The selective layer has a thickness of 20-300 nm. The hollow fiber membrane further comprises an additional supporting layer that includes a polymer containing a third polymer and contains voids having sizes of 1-100000 nm. Preferred Components: The first, second and third polymers are selected from polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyamide, poly(phenylene oxide), polyetherketone, or polyetheretherketone. The first and second polymers have a molecular weight of 10000-3000000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The half value width in the diffraction peak angle ( theta ) 30 degrees vicinity, which corresponds to all the valences of nickel hydroxide, with respect to (101) plane of bivalent nickel hydroxide is 0.90-0.94.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The connector is provided with a weld, where corrosion resistance of corrosion-resistant material on a free surface of the weld is checked by a neutral salt spray test (NSS test) according to standard DIN EN ISO 9227.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The complex oxide in positive electrode material is synthesized by reducing metallic compound containing iron by carbo thermal reductive reaction. Preferred Composition: The lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide. The metallic compound is ferric chloride, ferric oxyhydroxide, hematite, magnetite, ferric nitrate, ferric phosphate, ferrous oxalate, ferric chloride, ferric acetate, ferric diphosphate, cobalt chloride, cobalt dicarboxylate, cobalt diacetate, cobalt oxide (CoO or Co3O4), cobalt oxalate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt sulfate, manganese dicarboxylate, manganese diacetate, manganese oxalate, manganese nitrate, manganese carbonate, manganese chloride, manganese oxide (MnO2, MnO, Mn2O3), manganese sulfate, nickel diacetate, nickel oxalate, nickel nitrate, nickel carbonate, nickel chloride, nickel hydroxide, nickel oxide and/or nickel sulfate. The positive electrode material contains lithium-nickel-manganese complex oxide of formula: LiNixMn2-xO4, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt complex oxide of formula: LiNi1-yMnyCoyO2 or lithium-nickel-cobalt complex oxide of formula: LiNizCo1-zO2, preferably lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.2O2), lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 or LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2), lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn2O4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4), lithium-iron phosphate and/or lithium-iron borate. The metallic compound containing iron is ferric chloride, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, ferrous nitrate and/or ferrous phosphate. The carbon content of positive electrode material is 0.1-10 wt.%.x=0-0.5;y=0-1/3;andz=0-1.Preferred Properties: The positive electrode material has electroconductivity of 1x 10-3-1 Scm-1. The granular positive electrode material has particle size of 100 nm to 5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode material further comprises glass ceramics containing (in mole%) lithium oxide (20-50), ferric oxide (5-40) and phosphorus pentoxide (20-50), and 0.1-25 mole% of a mixture of niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, silicon dioxide, boron oxide, germanium oxide, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, antimony oxide and bismuth oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous medium is made of material selected from group consisting of aluminum oxide, carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide, zirconium dioxide and alloy of iron-chromium-aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The extra gas mixed with tail gas is selected from group consisting of natural gas, hydrogen gas, methane gas and propane gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The curve element average length and the arithmetic mean roughness of the seal part confirm to JIS B 0601-2001 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The power meter communicates with a payment computer through a wireless network such as Bluetooth network, or an IEEE 802.11 based network. The meter communicates with a network device that utilizes a communication interface such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive stalks comprise carbon and extend perpendicular from first surface. The second conductive substrate comprises oxide of lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The two-phase coexistence type compound is olivine type compound of formula: LixFe1-yMyZO4, where M is manganese, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, copper, germanium, zinc, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, titanium or gallium, Z is phosphorus or silicon, x is 0.05-1.2 and y is 0-0.5. The metallic element (B) is calcium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, titanium, magnesium, lanthanum, strontium, barium, rubidium or cesium. The additive is chosen from fluoride salt, phosphate, and oxysalt of metallic element (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The subelectrolyte is lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium bis(fluoro sulfonyl) imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The through-hole has maximum pore diameter of 15-20 mu m and average stream flow pore diameter of 3-10 mu m. The ratio of water-repellent binding material in porous composite layer is 5-65 weight%. The water-repellent binding material contains polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: When voltage deviation survey test charged from state of charge (SOC) 0% to 100% at a constant current of 0.2 C at 20 degrees C, the derivative value (dV/d(SOC)) of an SOC-voltage curve is maintained at 0.125 or less in SOC 50-100% region.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The two-phase compound is an olivine type compound of formula: LixFe1-yMyZO4. The layered lithium transition metal oxide particles having a composition of formula: LiNi0.3+mMn0.3+nCo0.4-m-nO2.M=Mn, Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ge, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, Ti or Ga;Z=P or Si;x=0.05-1.2;y=0-0.5;andm,n=0-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The content of insoluble infusible substrate having pores with size of 20 Angstrom , is 0.05 cc/g or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material is lithium-titanium complex oxide. The positive electrode active material is lithium manganese oxide having spinel structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The wet grinding process is ball milling or bead milling method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid is water or isopropyl alcohol. The removal process involves dispersing the pulverized mixture in a liquid (B) after filtering the mixture and further dispersing the pulverized mixture in liquid (C). The liquids (B,C) are n-hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: Carbon of main material of active material layer has volume resistivity of 1x 10-2 to 1x 102 ohm.cm. Preferred Composition: A coating layer containing calcium oxide, scandium oxide, strontium oxide, tin oxide, barium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, and zinc nitride is formed on surface of carbon. The active material layer contains resistor particles comprising glass bead, resin bead, oxide particles and nitrate particles. The resistor particles preferably contain compounds of coating layer, borosilicate glass, potash glass, soda glass, melamine resin, urethane resin, polycarbonate resin and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The positive electrode material has specific surface area of 13-24 m2/g. The mass ratio of carbon nano structural material with respect to positive electrode material is 1-5 wt.%. Preferred Particles: The lithium metal phosphate compound particles are lithium iron phosphate particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The element (M') is lithium, manganese or cobalt. The mass ratio of lithium compound (a) to lithium compound (b) is 15-85:15-85. Preferred Property: The pH of supernatant liquid of anode material is 8-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The formed LiMPO4 crystal is preferably LiMnxFe1-xPO4 crystal, where x is greater than 0 and less than 1. The addition amount of reducing agent is 0.1-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of mixture. The reducing agent is glucose. A conductive support agent containing carbon-type compound is included further. An amorphous phase of inorganic oxide comprising phosphoric acid, lithium, and transition metal is contained in the baked product in an amount of 0.01-20 volume parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains unsaturated borate compound of formula: (HCC-C(-R8)(-R9)-O)3-B, unsaturated silane compound of formula: (HCC-C(-R4)(-R5)-O)2-Si(-R6)-R7, silyl unsaturated carboxylate compound of formula: R10-C(=O)-O-Si(-R11)(-R12)-R13, cyclic carbonate, unsaturated linear carbonate compound, unsaturated diester compound, halogenated cyclic carbonate compound, cyclic sulfite compound and/or cyclic sulfate compound, and solvent. The solvent is chosen from cyclic carbonate compound, cyclic ester compound, sulfone or sulfoxide compound, amide compound, linear carbonate compound, linear ether compound, cyclic ether compound and saturated linear ester compound. The content of saturated linear ester compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte is 0.5-30 %mass. The positive electrode contains active material including lithium compound containing iron or nickel.R4,R5,R8,R9=H or 1-8C alkyl;R6,R7=1-8C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl or 2-8C alkynyl;R10=2-8C alkenyl or 2-8C alkynyl;andR11-R13=1-8C alkyl or alkenyl optionally having ether group or halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The active material layer contains lithium layer and collector contains aluminum foil or aluminum alloy foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The hydrogen storage alloy powder contains rare earth element-magnesium-nickel group hydrogen storage alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine oil is polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene having mean molecular weight of 800-1000. The hydrophilic lipophilic balance of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether is 11-15. Alkyl group of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether has 12-15 carbon atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of mercaptan and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is 90-10:10-90. The mercaptan is t-butyl mercaptan. The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is saturated 5-7C aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably n-pentane, isohexane and/or n-heptane. When mercaptan is t-butyl mercaptan and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is n-pentane, the weight ratio of t-butyl mercaptan and n-heptane is 35:65-65:35. When mercaptan is t-butyl mercaptan and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is isohexane, the weight ratio of t-butyl mercaptan and isohexane is 35:65-65:35. When mercaptan is t-butyl mercaptan and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is n-heptane, the weight ratio of t-butyl mercaptan and n-heptane is 35:65-65:35.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, prior to exposing the carbon nanotubes to flowing carbon monoxide gas, the carbon nanotubes are first exposed to an active metal agent comprising lithium, sodium, potassium and/or cesium. The process further comprises annealing the carbon monoxide-treated carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are made by laser ablation or chemical vapor deposition. Preferred Components: The metal residues comprise catalyst metal residues.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second metallic portions are produced from iron, chromium and aluminum alloy. The first sliding piece is produced from an alloy including nickel (72%), chromium (14-17%) and iron (6-10%). The second sliding piece is produced from yttria-zirconia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium atom contained in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is lithium titanate. The lithium-transition metal composite oxide contains 0.1 weight% or less of lithium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal phosphate has composition of formula: NaxMyPO4.x=0-1.5;y=0.8-1.2;andM=transition metal element.The transition metal phosphate has rhombic crystal structure and Pnma group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery is charged/discharged.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (I) is 0.001-10 %mass. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains an oxathiole-dioxide derivative of formula (II), a dioxolone derivative (0.001-10 %mass) of formula (III), and/or a dioxolanone derivative (0.001-10 %mass) of formula (IV).R8-R11=H, fluoro, or 1-12C alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro;n=0-3;R12,R13=H, methyl, ethyl or propyl;andX1-X4=H, fluoro, chloro, or 1-3C alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro.X1-X4 are not H simultaneously. Preferred Definitions:    Q=pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring, or pyrazine ring (all optionally substituted by 1-6C alkyl or halo);    m=1 or 2;    R1=trifluoromethyl;    R2=trifluoromethyl, methyl or phenyl;    R1+R2+C=perfluorocyclopentyl or perfluorocyclohexyl;and    R3=H, methyl, ethoxycarbonyl or trimethylsilyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is formed of enameling iron, iron alloy, pure copper, copper alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal (M) is iron. Preferred Property: The crystalline diameter of the metal compound is 6.8-36 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the primary particles based on the measurement by an electron microscope of the granular complex oxide is 1 mu m or less. Preferred Compound: The complex oxide is of formula: LiMAO4, where M is iron, cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, and A is phosphorus, silicon, sulfur and/or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The active-material layer contains high-molecular compound(s) having a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group, as the binder. The high-molecular compound is a vinylidene fluoride based polymer in which a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group are introduced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An electroconductive film containing electroconductive material, is formed on the surface of positive electrode active material. The electroconductive material is carbonaceous material. The positive electrode active material is lithium-containing compound of formula: LiMAO4 (I), where M is iron, cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, and A is phosphorus, silicon, sulfur and/or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is high molecular compound having functional group(s), and/or high molecular compound couples with carbon atom of carbonaceous film, preferably high molecular compound(s) having hydroxyl group and/or carboxyl group, more preferably vinylidene fluoride-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer membrane further comprises proton conductive polymer impregnated in porous support. The proton conductive polymer is included at 5-95 vol.% based on entire pore volume of porous support. The high melting-point polymer has melting point of 200-260 (preferably 100-480) degrees C. The high melting-point polymer is copolymers of poly(4-methyl pentene) and/or 4-methyl pentene with 2-12C alpha -olefin. The low melting-point polymer is polyolefin having melting point of 100-180 degrees C including polypropylene and/or polyethylene. The low melting-point polymer is included at 5-50 pts. wt. on total 100 pts. wt. of low melting-point polymer and high melting-point polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode and anode catalyst layers contain a noble metal selected from a group consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, or silver as a catalyst component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The surface-modification layer has pores with average pore diameter of 0.12 mu m or less. An adhesive tape is affixed to the ceramic layer of separator. The peeling strength of ceramic layer when peeled from porous resin base material at peeling angle of 90 degrees and peeling rate of 100 mm/minute, is 3 N/m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal ion barrier catalyst layer contains platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton dissociation group is sulfonic acid group. The metal catalyst particles contain platinum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic portion contains pyridine ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal/metalloid oxide comprises aluminum oxide (preferred), magnesium oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium aluminate, gallium oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, molybdenum trioxide and molybdenum dioxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zinc oxide and/or lithium aluminum oxide. The lithium metal oxide is of formulae (x1Li2M1O3.(1-x1) LiM2O2) (IV), (Li1+bNi( alpha )Mn( beta )CO( gamma )A( delta )O2) (V), (Li1+bNi( alpha )Mn( beta )CO( gamma )O2) (VI) and (LiNi(u+ Delta )Mn(u- Delta )COwAyO2) (VII). The positive electrode material has a specific discharge capacity of at least 230 mAh/g with a discharge rate of C/3 at the 50th charge/discharge cycle when discharged of 4.6-2 V at room temperature. The irreversible capacity loss is reduced by at least 15% relative to the irreversible capacity loss of the uncoated lithium metal oxide. The aluminum precursor coating comprises aluminum hydroxide.M1 = metal ions having an average valance of +4;M2 = metal ions having an average valance of +3;x1 = 0-1;Delta = -0.3 to 0.3;w = 0-1;u = 0-0.5; andy = 0-0.1, where 2u+w+y is approximately 1.Provided that both u+A and w are not 0. Preferred Composition: The coating composition comprises 0.025-1 wt.%, preferably 0.1-0.75 or less 1 wt.% of the positive electrode material. The positive electrode active composition comprises a lithium rich metal oxide of formula (Li1+xM1-xO2-zFz) (VIII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous support structure comprises carbon, metal and silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The active material comprises carbon. The amount of active material with respect to 1 part weight of adherence improving agent is 50-200 parts weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The average substitution degree of carboxymethylcellulose is 0.2 or less. The carboxymethylcellulose or its salt is alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of carboxymethylcellulose. The viscosity of 1 wt.% aqueous dispersion liquid of adherence improving agent after processing under 50 MPa using high pressure homogenizer is 1500-9500 mPa.second at 20 degrees C. The gel comprises adherence improving agent and water. The amount of adherence improving agent is 0.1-20 wt.% by solid content conversion. The paste contains adherence improving agent, water and negative electrode active material. The paste further contains aqueous binder. The ratio of aqueous binder and adherence improving agent in the paste is 70/30-30/70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode active material has olivine-type crystal structure containing lithium-phosphorus complex oxide (LixM(POy)z), and/or lithium-titanium complex oxide (LiaTib-wM'wO3-c) having spinal-type crystal structure, where x is more than 0 to 2, y is 3-4, z is more than 0.5 to 1.5, w is 0.01-0.2, a is 0.8-1.4, b is 1-2, c is 0-0.6, M is sodium, magnesium, scandium, yttrium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, chromium, lead, antimony and/or boron, preferably iron, and M' is sodium, magnesium, scandium, yttrium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, chromium, lead, antimony and/or boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene-fluoride modified compound, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum alloy comprises aluminum, gallium, indium or tin. The alumina mixture comprises aluminum oxide, gallium, indium or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The viscosity of the slurry is measured according to the JISZ8803 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The aspect ratio of 90% or more of secondary phase particles having diameter of 1-5 mu m is 5 or less. Preferred Composition: The 90% or more of secondary phase particles having diameter of 1-5 mu m are copper oxide. The rolled copper foil is manufactured using tough pitch copper containing 150-300 mass ppm of oxygen as raw material. The total content of trace element excluding oxygen and silver in tough pitch copper is 25 mass ppm or less. The content of sulfur in trace element is 10 mass ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed conductor layer contains lithium-titanium oxide or lithium magnesium titanate of formula: Li4-xMgxTi5O12, Li4-xMgxTi5-y(Nb,Ta)yO12, or Li2-xMgxTi3-y(Nb,Ta)yO7, where x is 0-2 or 0-1, y is 0 or 1, 0-0.05 or 0-0.03.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first, second and third metal plates are made of copper, copper-chromium alloy, copper-nickel-silicon alloy, copper-iron alloy or aluminum or its alloy. The solder is tin-copper type solder, bismuth-tin type solder, tin-lead type solder, zinc-aluminum type solder or tin-zinc type solder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anchoring resin and reinforcing resin are made of bismaleimide triazine resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, polyamide or silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The diffraction peak intensity ratio is preferably 3.8-4.2. The positive electrode material has a specific surface area of 10-30 m2/g. The primary particle diameter of the positive electrode material is 20-200 nm. The ratio of length of a-axis with respect to b-axial direction or c-axial direction of the primary particles of the positive electrode material, is 1.2-2.5, preferably 2.1-2.5. The density of positive electrode is 1.81 g/cm3 or more. The positive electrode material is coated with carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: 30 %Mass or more of primary particles of tin oxide do not aggregate. The tin oxide particles have an average particle diameter of 1-10 nm. The active material comprises carbon nanopowder, preferably Ketchen Black (RTM: electroconductive carbon). The mass ratio of carbon powder and tin oxide particles is 20:80-40:60. The carbon nanopowder has an average particle diameter of 10-50 nm, a surface area of 1000 m2/g or more, and an oxygen amount of 5 mmol/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - At least one transition metal element from tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) is included as an electrode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative-electrode active material is carbonaceous material. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery has a conductive layer of a compound composition which is different from a collector, provided on the collector surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Alternately, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains a linear ether, and lithium fluorophosphate, lithium sulfonate, lithium imide salt, sulfonate, and/or sulfite ester. The content of cyclic carbonate is 0.001-5 %mass. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains 10 vol.% or more of ethylene carbonate. The linear ether is of formula: R1OR2.R1,R2=1-8C monovalent organic group which may have fluorine atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Lithium ion battery contains olivine type phosphoric acid compound such as lithium metal phosphate (LiMPO4) containing metal chosen from the group of ferrous, nickel and manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of semimetal oxide is 35 %mass or more. The semimetal oxide is preferably tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic compound contains carbonyl group or acetate. The acetate is anhydrous lithium acetate and/or lithium acetate hydrate. The amount of carbon contained in the negative electrode active material particles is 30-100 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of niobium in positive electrode active material is 0.05-2 %mass, preferably 0.2-1 %mass. The surface of the positive electrode active material is covered with amorphous carbon material. Preferred Property: The primary particles and secondary particles in positive electrode active material have volume average particle diameter of 0.5-2 mu m and 4-15 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate as non aqueous solvent. The volume ratio of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate is 2:8-5:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The unit battery is comprised as nickel-hydrogen secondary battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The water-insoluble inorganic particles have average particle diameter of 1-100 mu m. Preferred Component: The water-insoluble inorganic particles contain a carbon material. The carbon material is natural or artificial graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of average particle diameter of water-insoluble inorganic particles and average particle diameter of water-soluble polymer particles is 1/2-1/0.1 or 200/1-50/1. The weight ratio of water-insoluble inorganic particles is 10 times or more with respect to water-soluble polymer particles. The weight ratio of water and water-insoluble inorganic particles is 2/1-1/2. The water-soluble polymer particles contain carboxymethylcellulose or its salt. The salt of carboxymethylcellulose is alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of carboxymethylcellulose. Preferred Method: The method further involves adding an aqueous-type binder, after mixing the mixture (A) with water. The aqueous-type paste is prepared without addition of surfactant and/or dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material contains carbon material and insulating filler chosen from alumina, silica and magnesia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium complex oxide is of formula: Li(Ni1-xCox)O2, where x is 0-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive filler is particulate filler and/or fibrous filler, preferably conductive carbon filler. 5-300 Parts mass of electroconductive filler is contained with respect to 100 parts mass of fluororesin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororesin contains a structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride. The fluororesin is polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin, tetrafluoroethylene/vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin, and/or vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains carbon material. The carbon material is non-graphitized carbon material or non-activated carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material powder contains lithium composite metal oxide comprising nickel and manganese, of formula: Lia(Ni1-(x+y+z)MnxFeyCoz)O2, where x is between 0 and 1, y,z are 0-1 (excluding 1), x+y+z is between 0 and 1 and a is 0.5-1.5. The electroconductive agent is carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The cable contains Bluetooth, Infrared data association, ZigBee, Near field communication, Wireless local area network, Worldwide interoperability for microwave access, Institute of electrical and electronics engineers standard 802, Wibree, Fire wire, Universal serial bus, Global system for mobile communication, General packet radio service, Universal mobile telecommunications system, High-speed circuit-switched data.
Preferred Definitions:    M=contains an element of at least one of B, Si and Sn; and    A=Ni, and, where the decomposition potential of the electrolyte is Ve, the average electronegativity of the (PaM1-a) is lower than (Ve+4.36)/4.00; or A mainly contains an Ni amorphous phase and contains a crystal phase of at least one of Ni, NiO and Ni2P; or A is Mn, and, where the decomposition potential of the electrolyte is Ve, the average electronegativity of the (PaM1-a) is lower than (Ve+5.08)/4.15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive pattern comprises copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The first source of renewable energy is solar energy. The first source of renewable energy is selected from solar, wind, moving water, organic or geothermal sources of energy. The energy carrier comprises hydrogen, carbon-based material, nitrogen-based material, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. The first source of renewable energy, the electrolyzer or the energy carrier receives supplemental heat from a first heat source. The first heat source is selected from geothermal, solar, or other heat engine. The first heat source comprises a second source of renewable energy. The second source of renewable energy comprises a geological formation. The method further involves providing a source of organic materials to the electrolyzer for electrolysis of the organic materials. The source of organic materials comprises biomass or biowaste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass of composite material includes cobalt carboxylate (0-5%) in a solution of less than 10% of cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass of composite material includes organic peroxide methyl-ethylketone (0-5%) as a catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin includes 30-40% of polyester resin in styrene. The mass of composite material includes polytetrafluoroethylene (0-5%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nano carbon material has diameter of 20-100 nm. A film having carbon as main component and having thickness of 10 nm to 1 mu m is formed to interlayer of substrate and nano carbon material. The substrate is heated at 700-900 degrees C. The mixed solution has octane thiol concentration of less than 8%. Preferred Substrate: The substrate is silicon substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred method: The operating temperature is 120-200 (preferably 125-150) degrees C. The flow rates of the oxidant stream and the fuel stream are adjusted to create an equivalence ratio of 1.1-1.5. The humidified fuel stream is supplied at a gauge pressure of 0-50 kPag. Preferred Components: The acid-doped PBI has a proton conductivity of at least 10-3 cm-1 at 150 degrees C and at a relative humidity of 5%. The acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) has an acid-doping level of greater than or equal to 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode catalyst comprises a platinum/ruthenium catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is phosphoric acid. The humidified fuel stream is a gaseous mixture consisting of water and dimethyl ether. The fuel stream contains water and dimethyl ether at a molar ratio of 3.5-7.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric material consists of acid-doped PBI (50-90 wt./wt.%) and a sulfonated acidic polymer (10-50 wt./wt.%). The polymeric material comprises acid-doped polybenzimidazole (at least 90 wt./wt.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystalline boron nitride particles are hollow-shaped crystalline boron nitride particles having average particle diameter of 100-2000 nm. Preferred Method: The composite material is obtained by processing amorphous boron nitride particles in which at least one portion of surface is crystallized, with a metallic compound-containing water and eluting amorphous boron nitride, to obtain crystalline boron nitride particles coated with metal hydroxide, metal oxide or mixture of metal oxide and metal hydroxide, and reduction-processing the obtained particles in hydrogen atmosphere. Preferred Compound: The metallic compound is a metal salt chosen from organometallic salt and inorganic metal salt. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of boron nitride and metal is 1:1-20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal is chosen from nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, tin and chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The decomposition product of alcohol is obtained by contacting alcohol with the composite material at 150-600 degrees C. Preferred Components: The decomposition product of alcohol is hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode further contains catalyst containing platinum, palladium, iridium and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel of anode is solution which is obtained by dissolving hypophosphorous acid, hypophosphorous and/or ammonia in solvent chosen from water and hydrophilic organic solvent. The anion-exchange membrane is solid polymer film having anion exchange group chosen from quaternary ammonium group, pyridinium group, imidazolium group, phosphonium group and sulfonium group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Laminate: The laminate is formed by laminating 3 or more catalyst powder films. The base material consists of a support film, electrolytic membrane, and/or gas diffusion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The traffic system comprises a set of containers whose dimensions are standardized according to ISO standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive material is chosen from natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, vapor growth carbon fiber, mesophase pitch carbon fiber, activated carbon in particulate form and carbon nanotube, and has specific surface area of 1000 m2/g or more. The activated carbon is phenol resin-type activated carbon, petroleum pitch-type activated carbon, petroleum-type activated carbon and coal coke-type activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymeric radical material is a high-molecular nitroxyl compound of formula (IV) and/or (V) or their copolymers and has oxidized nitroxyl cation partial structure of formula (I), reduced nitroxyl cation partial structure of formula (II) or reduced cyclic nitroxyl structure of formula (III).R1-R4=alkyl;X=5-7 membered ring;R5=H or methyl;andn=not defined.N.B: n is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The acid group is sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cathode nozzle of the fuel battery is provided with a humidifier and the suction fan is at the outer side of the humidifier. The water outlet at the bottom of the fuel battery is provided with a water return pipe, which is connected with the electrolysis bath.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Features: The fault is divided into prescribed fault categories so that for each category in the control electronics it is decided whether an automatic restart is permitted. The evaluation of the fault comprises acquiring the number of faults per fault category.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous polymer is selected from polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene-divinylbenzene, silica, polystyrene, cellulose, agarose, polydimethylacrylamide, polymethylmethacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyurea, polyacryloylmorpholine, polyvinylalcohol, polybetahydroxy ester and polyacrylonitrile, a polyalkylene glycol and a polyHIPE. The structure comprises particles within the pores of the structure, where the particle is selected from a cell and a material selected from glass, ceramic, polymer, natural product and metal. The particle is hollow. The particles are spherical or ellipsoidal. Particles are hollow glass spheres, hollow polymer spheres, yeast cells or wax spheres. The particle comprises hollow polymer and has active sites for reaction with a derivative for linking to the porous polymer. The structure also comprises a functional material supported by the polymer selected from a catalyst, an initiator species for peptide synthesis, an initiator species for oligonucleotide synthesis, an initiator species for solid phase organic synthesis, an enzyme, a pharmaceutical active, an agrochemical active, a protein or other biological macromolecule or whole cell. Preferred Parameters: The pores in the structure are such that the structure has a pore size range from between 1/10 to 10 times the average pore size in the structure. The pore size range is from 75 to 125% of the average pore size diameter. Preferred Process: Producing three-dimensional porous structure further comprises forming slurry of the particles in a liquid comprising the monomer and polymerizing the monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrode binder within the electrode collector is provided with the polyvinylidene fluoride unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A cathode of the energy storage is made of compound such as lithium manganese phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate, lithium-manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide or lithium nickel oxide, manganese, iron, nickel or titanium. A side of a carrier of the separating element is coated with material such as oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, zirconium aluminosilicate, aluminum aluminosilicate, lithium aluminosilicate or zircon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier is coated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The acidic group contains sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of trans-difluoroethylene carbonate is 0.001-20 %mass. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains lithium salt, and carbonate, fluorine-containing carbonate (except difluoroethylene carbonate) having double bond in a molecule, sultone compound, sulfuric ester, phosphate ester, borate, cyclosiloxane, phosphazene compound and/or aromatic hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid containing acid, base and/or salt is hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ion-exchange group is sulfo group, phosphone group and/or carboxyl group. The functional group which can be converted into ion-exchange group is chosen from formulae: -S(=O)(=O)-A1, -P(=O)(-OA3)-O-A2, -P(=O)(-OH)-O-A4 and -C(=O)-O-A5. The block (A) is chosen from formulae (a)-(d), preferably block of formula (a). The block (B) is chosen from formulae: -(Ar1-Z-Ar2-X)m1-, -(Ar3-Z'-Ar4-X'-Ar5-(Y'-Ar6)p-X')m2-, -((Ar7)q-X"-(Ar8)r-X")m3- or -(Ar9)m4-.A1-A5=1-20C alkyl, 2-20C acyl, 6-20C aryl or 3-20C alkylsilyl (all optionally substituted);R1-R4=2-20C acyl optionally substituted by cyano, or 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkoxy or 6-20C aryl (all optionally substituted);Ar1-Ar9=arylene;Z,Z'=-SO2 or CO;X,X',X"=O- or S-;Y'=direct bond or group of formula: -C(-Ra)(-Rb)-;Ra,Rb=H, or 1-10C alkyl, 2-20C acyl, 6-18C aryloxy, 1-10C alkoxy or 6-18C aryl (all optionally substituted);or Ra+Rb=ring;m1-m4=5 or more;n1-n4=3-100;p1,p2=1 or 2;andk1+p1,k2+p2,k3+p3,k4+p4=4 or less. Preferred Definitions:    A1-A5=1-20C alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl or neopentyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grain size of the powder is 200-600 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon black is acetylene black, Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: carbon black), or mixture of Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: carbon black) and acetylene black in a mass ratio of 1:1. The oxidant is ammonium persulfate, potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide. The reducing agent is potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride or hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The heterocyclic sulfonate polyarylether or polyarylether comprises compound of formula (1) or (2). The ion liquid comprises one or more of 5 compounds e.g. compound of formula (3), (4) or (5). for formula (1):X, Y'=-C(=O)-, -S(=O2)-, group of formula (a) or group of formula (b); andG=-H or -SO3H.Provided that:(1) property viscosity of polymer is 0.3-2.5 dL/g;(2) sulfonation degree is 0-1.4;(3) group (a) is 1,4-substituted or 1,3-substituted structure; and(4) group (b) is 2,6-substituted, 2,5-substituted, 2,4-substituted, 2,3-substituted, 3,4-substituted or 3,5-substituted structure.for formula (2):Ar1=one or more of 3 groups, e.g. formula (c), (d) or (e);Ar2=one or more of 10 groups, e.g. formula (f), (g) or (h);X= a-SO2- and/or b-C(=O)-;G=-H and/or -SO3H; andR1-R4=alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, halo or H atom.Provided that:(1) in Ar1 structure, groups (c), (d) and (e) are 3,3'-substituted, 3,4'-substituted, 3,4'-substituted, or 4,4'-substituted structures;(2) in Ar1 structure, d is 2,6-substituted, 2,5-substituted, 2,4-substituted, 2,3-substituted, 3,4-substituted, or 3,5-substituted structure; and(3) in Ar2 structure, group (f) is 1,4-substituted, 1,3-substituted, or 1,2-substituted, and group (g) or (h) are 4,4'-substituted, 3,3'-substituted, or 3,4'-substituted structure.for formula (3), (4) or (5)R1-R4=-H, -CH3, -C2H5, -C-3H7, -CnH2n+1;X=-F, -Cl, or -Br;R=-H, -CH3, -C2H5, -CnH2n+1;M=one or more of 17 groups e.g. -HSO4, -NO3 or -BF4; andn=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The Q2/Q1 is 5 or more. Preferred Component: The Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is comprised in the nonaqueous electrolyte, where the LiPF6 is comprised in a concentration of 0.01-2 mol/L. The negative electrode active material comprises lithium titanate having a spinel structure. The positive electrode active material comprises at least one composite oxide selected from LiMn2-xMxO4, LiCo1-yMyO2, LiNi1-yMyO2, LiNi0.5-zMn1.5-aMz+aO4, LiMPO4 and LiFe1-yMyPO4, where 0 less than or equal to x not less than 2, 0 less than or equal to y not less than 1, 0 less than or equal to z not less than 0.5, 0 less than or equal to a not less than 1.5, and M is a typical metal or a transition metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate (A) is a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. The non-fluorinated chain carbonate (B) is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The component (C) is 1,1-ditrifluoromethyl-ethylene carbonate. Preferred Composition: The component (C) has water content of 40 ppm or less. The content of component (A), component (B) and component (C) contained with respect to 100 volume% of total content of components (A, B and C) is 10-40 volume%, 59.9-89.9 volume% and 0.1-10 volume%, respectively. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains solvent and electrolytic salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkali metal ion is 200-600 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-type compound is carboxyl group-containing pyridine. Preferred Process: The heating process is carried out at 400-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of indium and antimony in the alloy is 1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid electrolyte layer further comprises a solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material is crystalline or non-crystalline inorganic lithium ion conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of block polymer in solid electrolyte layer is 0.1-10 %mass. The block polymer has a molecular chain of soft polymer with a glass transition temperature of 15 degrees C or less. Preferred Property: The block polymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-500000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A negative active material includes silicon, silicon oxide material, and silicon-carbon composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The element is sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium. The lithium transition metal oxide has composition of formula: LixNiwMzM'1w+zO2+d, where M is cobalt or manganese, M' is boron, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, scandium, yttrium, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum or chromium, d is deficient or excess oxygen, x is 0.98-1, w is 0.3-1.0, z is 0-0.7 and w+z is 0.9-1.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal plating layer is made of nickel, zinc, chromium and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer surface of the opening edge portion of the battery container is covered with resin-made exterior film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive comprises elemental ingredient selected from boron, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, carbon or chelato borate salt. The positive electrode optionally comprises lithium titanate. The gas absorbing material is selected from zinc oxide, sodium aluminate and/or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive is selected from phosphazenes, carbon dioxide, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, phosphate esters, borate esters or water, vinylethylenecarbonate, ethylene sulfite, propane sulfone, propylene sulfite, butyrolactones, phenylethylene carbonate, phenylvinylene carbonate, catechol carbonate, vinyl acetate, vinylethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfite, fluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, bromo gamma-butyrolactone, and/or fluoro gamma-butyrolactone (preferably lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-oxalatoborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalate)phosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic material comprises polymer and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid is aqueous solution of ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, nitric acid or carbonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first set of separator layers are polypropylene layers, and the second set of separator layers are cellulose-based layers. The second set of separator layers are cellulose impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of a plug-in hybrid car battery is made of lithium ion battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, stearyl trimethylammonium bromide or hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide. The oxidant solution is ferric chloride solution having a mass concentration of 10-20% or ammonium persulfate solution having a mass concentration of 5-15% and the amount of oxidant used is 1-6 times that of the pyrrole monomer. Preferred Method: In step (i), the drying is performed at 25-75 degrees C. The preparation of carrier platinum catalyst, comprises adding chloroplatinic acid and sodium citrate into glycol, where the amount of sodium citrate is 1-2 times the mass of chloroplatinic acid, stirring ultrasonically to dissolve completely, adjusting the pH to 8-10 using potassium hydroxide /glycol solution, adding the silicon dioxide/carbon composite material which is 1-5 times the mass of chloroplatinic acid, stirring ultrasonically for 0.1-0.5 hour, refluxing for 4-10 hours at 60-180 degrees C, filtering, washing and drying. The amount of glycol used is 100-500 times the mass of chloroplatinic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbonization process further involves giving gas activation in carbonized carbon material. The equilibrium state pressure of hydrogen is maintained to 1-2 MPa. The alkali activation process further involves adding 3-8 (preferably 5) times of potassium hydroxide by weight ratio as carbon material. Preferred Composition: The starting material of carbon material is waste coffee bean, chaff or palm husk. The porous carbon contains micropores with micropore specific surface area of 700-2060 m2/g, pore size of 1.1-1.2 nm and micropore volume of 0.5-5.07 cm3/g.nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic electrolyte is dissolved in mixed solvent of linear carbonate, cyclic ether and linear ether, and/or mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and/or alkylester. The organic electrolyte further contains 0.1-3 weight% of additive chosen from aromatic sulfone compound and cyclic sultone compound. The manganese dioxide is ( gamma )-( beta )-type manganese dioxide containing boron (0.1-3 weight%) and magnesium (0.1-5 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode conductive layer contains solid electrolyte and/or electroconductive material. The solid electrolyte is organic semiconductor or inorganic semiconductor. The electroconductive material is vapor-deposited metal, electroconductive paste or indium-tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The planar formation or the activated carbon fibers are partially provided, impregnated or coated with a catalyst material, particularly ruthenium, palladium or platinum. The fuel cell has a membrane permeable for ions or protons, particularly for moderate gas separation of fuel gas on one hand and oxidant, particularly air or oxygen on the other hand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The complex oxide is of formula: Lix(Ni(power)(II)yNi(power)(III)z)aCobMncMedO2 (I), where a+b+c+d, b/a, c/b and a/c are 0.9-1.1, d is 0-0.1, x/(a+b+c+d) is 1.07-1.2, z/y is 0.15-0.95 and Me is chosen from magnesium, strontium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, boron and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The oxide ceramics are of formula: Ln1-xAxMO3-d.Ln=lanthanoid;A=Sr, Ca or Ba;M=metallic element(s) of perovskite type structure;d=value which makes electric charge neutral;andx = more than 0 to less than 1.Preferred Property: The crystal-containing glass maintains a thermal expansion coefficient of 10x 10-6-12x 10-6/K even when exposed to 1200 degrees C or more. Preferred Condition: The mixed powder is heated for preset time at 1000 degrees C or less for crystallization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The thermal expansion coefficient of the metallic component is 10x 10-6-17x 10-6/K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The foil diaphragms of the tubular elements are made zeolite, zirconium oxide, diatomite, diatom, magnetite, hematite, tantalum, sulfonated polyether ketone. The electrolyte is made of carbon disulfide, caustic potash solution, bromide, particularly lithium bromide, ammonia. The active electrode material is provided as liquid or as solid in powder form, in the form of grains, fibers, felt, fleece or vanadium bromide, vanadium boride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is made of methanol, tetrahydrofurane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foil diaphragms of the tubular elements are made of a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tin-containing compound comprises tin(IV). The tin-containing compound is a stannate. The stannate is an ortho-stannate or meta-stannate. The ion-conducting membrane further comprises a metal-containing compound comprising a metal consisting of tin(IV), cerium(III), cerium(IV), manganese(II) and manganese(IV). The metal-containing compound is manganese dioxide (MnO2), manganese(III) dioxide (Mn2O3), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2), manganese sulfate (MnSO4), cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3), cerium carbonate (Ce2(CO3)3), cerium fluorides (CeF3), cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), ceric sulfate (Ce(SO4)2), cerium(III) triflate (Ce(OSO2CF3)3). The stannate is present at 0.1-5 wt.%. The stannate has a structure of formula (MxSnO4) or (MySnO3).M = a cation consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium;x = a number such that Mx balances the charge on SnO4; andy = a number such that M balances the charge on SnO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion conducting polymer is sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer. The ion conducting polymer comprises a perfluorocyclobutyl moiety.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dielectric film is made of strontium, scandium, cadmium, zirconium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, silicon, boron, bismuth, niobium, tantalum or vanadium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ion insertion material with respect to carbon powder is preferably 0.2-0.8. The ion insertion material is fluoromethane (CFx, where x is more than 0.5 and less 2), copper oxide phosphate (Cu4O(PO4)2), silver vanadate (AgV2O5.5), silver chromate (Ag2CrO4), vanadium pentoxide, vanadium oxide (V6O13), vanadium oxide (V3O8), vanadium oxide (VO2), vanadium oxide (VOy, where y is more than 0.1 and less than 3), chromium oxide (Cr2O5), chromium oxide (Cr3O8), manganese dioxide, manganese oxide (MnOz, where z is more than 1 and less than 3), manganese-type oxide polymer, quinone polymer, molybdenum oxide (MoO3), molybdenum oxide (MoOa, where a is more than 1 and less than 3), titania, titanium oxide (TiOb, where b is more than 1 and less than 3), lithium-titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12), sulfur, lithium sulfide (LidS, where d is more than 0 and less than 2) and/or titanium disulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit contains 20-30 mol% of bismuth oxide, 5-15 mol% of alumina, 25-35 mol% of silica, 1-10 mol% of strontium oxide and 20-40 mol% of boron oxide. Preferred Property: The glass frit has softening point of 400-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum porous sintered compact contains 0.1-20 parts mass of titanium with respect to total of 100 parts mass of aluminum and titanium, and 100-800 parts mass of active material and 1-100 parts mass of conductive support agent with respect to 100 parts mass of aluminum composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode contains carbon material or active material alloy with lithium. The active material contains silicon particles or silicon oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is of formula: R'(4--m-n)Si(R")m(Y')n.R'=organic group having amino group or epoxy group;R"=non-hydrolyzable hydrocarbyl;Y'=monovalent hydrolyzable group;n=1-3;m=0 or 1;andm+n=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The binder polymer contains polyimide or vinyl type polycarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The bicyclic sultam compound is of formula (II) or 2-thia-1-aza-bicyclo(4.1.0)heptane-2,2-dioxide. The electrolyte further contains cyclic carbonate having double bond. The content of bicyclic sultam compound is 0.1-10 %mass with respect to total mass of organic solvent and supporting electrolyte.a,x,n=0-6;b=0;andm=2n-4 to 2n.(i) When a is 0, b is 0; (ii) When a is 1, b is 2; (iii) When a is 2 or more, b is 2a-4 to 2; (iv) When n is 0, m is 0; and (v) When n is 2 or more, m is 2n-4 to 2, and 2a+2n-b-m is 2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte solution contains sodium salt chosen from sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, sodium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide and sodium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode active material further contains chain-type saturated-hydrocarbon dinitrile compound having nitrile group bonded with terminal of chain-type ether compound and/or cyanoacetate. The organic solvent contains cyclic carbonate, cyclic carboxylate and/or linear carbonate ester. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. The cyclic carboxylate is gamma -butyrolactone. The linear carbonate ester is dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of insulating metal oxide is 0.01-20 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of electrode active material. The electrode material is in the form of composite particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The optional fluorine dopant is not present in the material. The positive electrode active material further comprises a metal fluoride coating; and a metal oxide coating. Preferred Components: The metal precursor compound is a metal hydroxide or a metal carbonate. The lithium rich metal oxide has a composition approximately represented by the formula (I). Preferred Method: The first temperature is 400-800 degrees C and the method further involves heating the composition at a second temperature greater than the first temperature to improve the crystallinity of the lithium doped, lithium rich metal oxide composition. The method of heating is performed at 700-1100 degrees C such that the crystallinity of the complex metal oxide improves while the dopant lithium is incorporated into the composition in a solid state reaction. The method of heating to incorporate the dopant is performed after the lithium rich metal oxide has been heated to a second temperature to improve the crystallinity of the lithium rich metal oxide that was formed through heating at a first temperature less than the second temperature, where heating at the first temperature forms the lithium rich metal oxide from the decomposition of a precursor composition. Preferred Definitions:    x=0.075-0.50;    d=0.0075-0.175 (preferably 0.01-0.125);    y= approximately 0;    w=0.2-0.475;and    u=0.2-0.4.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fluorinated phosphoric acid ester compound is trifluoroalkyl phosphoric acid ester compound, and lithium-containing polyanion-type phosphoric acid compound is lithium-iron phosphate compound. Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains 5-50 volume% of fluorinated phosphoric acid ester compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method involves treating activated carbon fiber (20 g) using nitric acid (500 ml) at 90-100 degrees C and performing iron ion exchange at 20-30 degrees C. The obtained mesoporous activated carbon fiber is dried at 95-105 degrees C for 12-13 hours using oven. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid oxide dielectrolyte in (a) is the alkaline oxide doped zirconium oxide having the doping amount of 1-30 mol.%, rare-earth oxide doped zirconium oxide with the doping amount of 1-20 mol.%, alkaline oxide doped cerium oxide having the doping amount of 1-50 mol.%, or rare-earth oxide doped cerium oxide having the doping amount of 1-50 mol.%. The alkaline oxide in the alkaline oxide doped zirconium oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, or strontium oxide. The rare-earth oxide in the rare-earth oxide doped zirconium oxide is lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, holmium oxide, dysprosium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, yttrium oxide, or scandium oxide. The solvent in (b) is deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol. Preferred Conditions: The diamond cutter in (e) is adopted to slice the roasted anodic block; where the saw-tooth rotating speed of the diamond cutter is 50-200 rotations/minute. The roasting temperature in (e) is 1400 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: The wastepaper in (b) is formed by crushing quantified filtering paper, qualitative filtering paper, newspaper, or coarse paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The wireless transmitter is a Bluetooth, Wireless fidelity (WiFi), Institute of electrical and electronic engineering (IEEE).802.11b, Institute of electrical and electronic engineering (IEEE).802.11g, Global system for mobile communication800, GSM900, GSM01800, Code division multiple access (CDMA), Time division synchronous (TDS)-CDMA or Wideband CDMA wireless transmission device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The stainless steel has pitting resistant index (PI) of 25 or more, and is calculated using relation of formula: PI=(Cr)+3.3(Mo).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous electrolyte support structure comprises silicon, metal, glass, polymer, ceramic, plastic, epoxy resin and/or metal oxide. The electrolyte is solid oxide, diamond, phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole, composite electrolyte, ammonium polyphosphate/(NH4)2TiP4O13 and (NH4)2SiP4O13. The reforming catalyst is platinum, carbon, copper, zinc and/or alumina. The fuel cell further comprises metallic nanostructures in and/or around pores of the porous electrolyte. The at least one of the electrodes comprises nanostructures having coupled catalyst. The fuel cell contains no polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfonated hydrocarbon is formed by sulfonating hydrocarbon(s) comprising polysulfone, polyaryleneethersulfone, polyetherethersulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polyetherbenzimidazole, polyaryleneethyleneketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketone, polyetherketoneketone and/or polystyrene. The porogen comprises polyethyleneglycol, polytetramethyleneglycol, polyacrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinylalcohol, polypropyleneglycol and/or polyhydroxybutyrate. The dispersion solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube resin composition comprises carbon nanotube having fiber diameter of 1-200 nm and fiber length of 1-100 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon mixture sheet is formed by adding pore-making material to the carbon mixture. The pore-making material is zinc powder, camphor powder, naphthalene powder and/or aluminum powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: The substrate sheet is a metal woven mesh, where the metal mesh has a thickness of 0.001-0.01 inches. The polymeric component has a continuous use temperature above 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material contains silicon. The negative electrode active material is of formula: SinHm, where n is 5-20 and m is 2n or 2n-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used during manufacture of negative electrode is dimethylsulfoxide, ( gamma )-butyrolactone and/or oxolane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin contains polyimide and/or modified polyimide. The thermosetting resin precursor is polyamic acid and/or modified polyamic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion conductor containing phosphorus-sulfur unit is formed using raw material composition containing lithium, phosphorus and sulfur. The molar ratio of lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide in raw material composition is 70-85:15-30. The content of iron sulfide in raw material composition is 20 mol% or more. The iron sulfide exists inside the ion conductor as iron sulfide phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The jacket is made of material comprised with temperature-resistant steel alloy, chromium-nickel silicate (X15CrNiSi20-25), chromium-titanium lanthanide (X1CrTiLa22, where X1 is not defined) and nickel-chromium ferrite (NiCr15Fe). The material is ceramic, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The core is made of material comprised with metal alloy or metal. The metal is copper, nickel, or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium salt of formula: LiN(SO2(CF2)pF)2, of formula: FSO2N(Li)SO2F, or of formula (a), and lithium triflate.p,q=1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (I) is of formula: Rc-(O-CH2-CH2)n-ORd.Rc,Rd=1-8C alkyl;andor Rc+Rd=1-5C alkylene.Preferred Group: The electron-attractive group (A) is chosen from nitro group, nitroso group, cyano group, monovalent aromatic group having less number of ( pi ) electrons, and monovalent aromatic heterocyclic ring group having less number of ( pi ) electrons. The electron-attractive group (B) is chosen from bivalent aromatic group having less number of ( pi ) electrons and bivalent aromatic heterocyclic ring group having less number of ( pi ) electrons. The electron-attractive group (C) is group of formula: -C(=O)-, -SO2-, or -PO2-. The electron-attractive group (D) is chosen from group having -C(=O)-, -SO2-, or -PO2- at bonding terminal, monovalent aromatic group and monovalent aromatic heterocyclic ring group. Preferred Composition: The content of compound (I) is 0.2-8 times mole with respect to the total amount of the lithium salt. The electrolyte solution further contains hydrofluoroether, and carbonate-type solvent (10 volume% or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active composition further comprises: a coating having a different composition from the active composition; and a coating comprising a metal oxide. Preferred Components: The positive electrode active material is of formula (Li1+bNia1Cob1Mnc1O2) (II). The negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon. The precursor composition comprises hydroxide or carbonate. The positive electrode of lithium ion battery, comprises an active material comprising a layer-layer lithium metal oxide (III).b = 0.04-0.175;a1 = 0-0.4;b1 = 0-0.46; andc1 = (2b+a1-0.2)-(2b+a1+0.2).Proviso that: both a1 and c1 are not zero, where (b+a1+b1+c1) is approximately 1. Preferred Method: The lithium source is blended with the precursor composition prior to the decomposition of the precursor composition to form the metal oxide. The step of heating to decompose the precursor composition is performed to a first temperature, and further comprises heating the metal oxide to a second temperature greater than the first temperature to improve the crystallinity of the metal oxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises diethylcarbonate. The negative electrode comprises a lithium-titanium composite oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material comprises the first oxide (40-95 wt.%; and the second oxide (40-95 wt.%). The positive electrode active material further comprises at least one oxide selected from lithium-cobalt composite oxide, lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide, spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide, spinel-type lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide, lithium-manganese-cobalt composite oxide and lithium iron phosphate. The positive electrode active material further comprises LixCoyM'zO2. The intensity ratio falls at 0.3-0.55.x=0.9-1.1;y=0.85-1;z=0-0.1;andM'=Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Zn, Zr, Ca and Sn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains 0.2-3 %mass additive (A) and 0.1-3 %mass of additive (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The cathode comprises a lithium compound coating on the cathode active material. The anode electrolyte comprises N-methyl-N-propyl-piperidinium. The cathode electrolyte comprises N-methyl-N-butyl-piperidinium. The separator is a lithium super-ionic conductor glass film. The cathode collector comprises an aligned carbon nanotube coating. The cathode electrolyte comprises a solid polymer. The anode comprises at least one layer of lithium protective film on the anode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium salt electrolyte is at least one selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The sulfur-containing nanostructure is a carbon-sulfur nanostructure, or sulfur-containing nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent comprises at least one selected from dimethoxyethane, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane, ethers, glymes, lactones, sulfones and sulfolane. The organic solvent comprises a polymer gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Construction: At least the connecting region (116) and the fold region (114) of the heat sink (110) each have two mutually spaced symmetrical sections. The through-hole has a smaller cross-section in the side of the cooling plate (130) facing the fold region than in the side facing away from the fold region. The cell device optionally includes a fixing element (140) (specifically of plastics) having a shape corresponding to a negative shape for the hole, the fixing element being located in the hole in such a way that the connecting region of the heat sink is bonded in force-fitted maner with the opening region of the cooling plate. Preferred Process: Stage (c) (for introducing the fixing element (140)) causes deformation of the connecting region (116), so that the connecting region lies on an internal wall of the hole. Stage (c) is optionally followed by the following further stages: (d) removal of the fixing element; and (e) formation of a material bond between the connecting region (114) and/or fold region and the cooling plate (130) (specifically by a low-energy thermal process to reduce thermal stress on the electrochemical cell (120)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery has reverse-charge capacity of 0.08-3.2% with respect to the rated capacity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode collector contains copper, nickel, silver, chromium, zinc and/or cadmium. The negative electrode active material (11) contains carbon materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The cyclic sulfone compound is sulfolane (derivative). The cyclic carbonate is monofluoroethylene carbonate and/or difluoroethylene carbonate. The solvent further contains linear carbonate(s) (30-80 vol.%). The solvent contains cyclic carbonate and/or cyclic carboxylate (5-40 vol.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic solid electrolyte particles contain crystals of composition: Li1+x+y(Al,Ga)x(Ti,Ge)2-xSiyP3-yO12, where x and y are 0-1, or are glass ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material is a lithium transition metal composite oxide of formula: LiyM1z1M2z2O2, where M1 is cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, M2 is iron, aluminum, boron, gallium and/or niobium, y is greater than 0 and 1.2 or less, z1+z2 is 0.98-1.2, and z2 is 0-0.2, preferably lithium-nickel composite oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide or lithium carbonate. The metallic compound is manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese tetraoxide, manganese trioxide or manganese carbonate. The complex oxide is lithium manganese oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid oxide fuel cell produces electric power by the reaction of carbon dioxide with carbon to produce carbon monoxide which reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and electrons. Preferred Composition: The solid carbon contains 50 %mass or more of carbon. The solid carbon is carbon fine particles in exhaust gas. The anode contains anode material comprising composite metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The carbon black is acetylene black, activated carbon, or conductive carbon. Preferred Method: The microwave heating power is 320-750 W and the microwave heating time is 60-600 seconds. Excess ammonium oxalate solution is added to nitrate solution and stirred to form a suspension. Absolute ethyl alcohol is added and stirred to form a paste after addition of carbon black. The mixture is dried at 58-80 degrees C and ground into powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide coating layer comprises a metal oxide of formula (M1Op) and a metal phosphorus oxide of formula M2(PO4)q. The metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide, calcium oxide or barium oxide. The metal phosphorus oxide comprises aluminum phosphate (AlPO4). The content of the oxide coating layer is 10 wt.% or less of the weight of the lithium metal oxide core. The lithium metal oxide has structure of formulae (Li(LixMe3Moz)O2+d), (Li(LixNiaCobMncMz)O2+d), and (Li(LixNiaCobMncMOz)O2+d). The metal oxide precursor comprises a metal nitride, metal acetate, a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride and a metal sulfide. The metal phosphorus oxide precursor comprises a phosphorus compound and at least one compound of a metal nitride, metal acetate, a metal alkoxide, a metal chloride and a metal sulfide.p = greater than 0 to less than 3;M1 = metal of Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Si, Ti, Zr, Zn, Sr or Li;q = greater than 0 to less than 2;M2 = metal of Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or Li;a, b = greater than 0 and less than 0.2; andc = greater than 0 and less than 0.6, where the x+a+b+c+z is 1. EXAMPLE - Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (comprising aluminum oxide (0.5 wt.%)) was put into an agate mortar and mixed in ethanol (10 ml) to prepare a solution. A cathode active material powder (3 g) was mixed with the solution to prepare a mixture slurry. The mixture slurry was dried at 100 degrees C for 1 hour and then thermally treated at 600 degrees C for 3 hours in an air atmosphere to give the cathode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The method utilizes an electromagnetic signal e.g. radio frequency signal or wireless fidelity (WiFi) signal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the catalyst layer, M is selected from Group IVB, VB and VIB metals and Sn, where M is selected from titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and Sn. The electrocatalyst comprises a metal (the primary metal) which is suitably selected from: (i) the platinum group metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium), or (ii) gold or silver, or (iii) a base metal or an oxide, where the electrocatalyst is supported on an inert support, where the inert support is non-carbonaceous. The electrocatalyst is unsupported platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode contains lithium-containing olivine-type phosphate containing iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese, and/or composite metal oxide of lithium and cobalt, manganese and/or nickel, as a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode contains a metallic compound containing tin or silicon, and/or a carbon material which can occlude and discharge a lithium metal, a lithium alloy or lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolytic salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) and lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The sulfonate compound (II or III) is chosen from 2-cyclohexyl phenylmethane sulfonate, 4-cyclohexyl phenylmethane sulfonate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl methanesulfonate and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl methanesulfonate. The non-aqueous solvent is cyclic carbonate chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, vinylene carbonate and vinyl ethylene carbonate, asymmetrical linear carbonate chosen from methyl ethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methylbutyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, or symmetrical linear carbonate chosen from diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate and dibutyl carbonate. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains aromatic compound chosen from biphenyl, o-terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, tert-amyl benzene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Construction: The cross-sectional surface of the electrodes (26) decreases with increasing distance from the connector for attaching the electrode to a pole of the cell. The electrode specifically tapers away from the base edge (28), perpendicular to the electrode stacking direction, and is mirror image-symmetrical relative to the central normal of the base edge. The electrode has a further edge (34) parallel to the base edge, and especially is trapezoidal or has curved side edges connecting the base edge and further edge. Alternatively the end points of the base edge are connected via a curved edge, forming a conical section. Each electrode has a connecting tongue on the side of the base edge for connecting the electrode to a pole of the cell. The electrodes are located congruently in the electrode stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium compound is chosen from lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide and lithium carbonate. The metallic compound is chosen from manganese oxides (MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3 or Mn3O4), cobalt oxide, cobalt carbonates (Co3CO3 or Co3CO4), and nickel hydroxide. The complex oxide is lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide or lithium-nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A photovoltaic material used in the thin film photovoltaic cell consists of cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell material, organic photovoltaic cell material or thin-film silicon. The noble metal of the shared electrode consists of silver, palladium, gold, and/or platinum. The metal oxide of the shared electrode consists of platinum oxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadium pentaoxide, niobium petaoxide, nickel peroxide hydrate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium molybdenum oxide, lithium titanium oxide, manganese oxide, silver-manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide (Co3O4, CoO), and/or tungsten oxide. The metal alloy of the shared electrode consists of alloys of lithium/aluminium, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, indium, indium selenide, copper selenide and tin sulfide. The intermetallic consists of silver-nickel and silver-gold. The nanostructured material is made of a material consisting of a carbon material, a ceramic, glass, aluminium oxynitride, and a polypyrrole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linker consists of a hydroxyl group, pyrenes, esters, thiols, amines, and/or a carboxyl group, where the hydroxyl group is comprised in a molecule consisting of phosphoric acid and sulfonic acid and the carboxyl group is comprised in a molecule consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, cycloalkane carboxylic acids and benzoic acids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic composition further contains an ionic liquid and a high molecular compound. The amount of lithium complex sulfide with respect to composition is 5-40 %mass. The lithium complex sulfide is composite of lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal composite of rhodium and nickel comprises alloy of rhodium and nickel, intermetallic compound or solid solution. The atomic ratio of rhodium with respect to nickel is 100:1-1:50. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode material is of compositional formula: xLi(Li1/3Mn2/3O2).(1-x)(yLiNi1/2Mn1/2O2).(1-y)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, and has monoclinic (C2/m) structure.x=0.6-1, preferably 0.6;andy=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The supporting electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and/or lithium hexafluoroantimonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Definitions:    R=methyl, ethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl, and/or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Fluorine-containing phosphate esters (I) i.e. bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)phosphate of formula (IA), bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(2,2- difluoroethyl)phosphate, (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)methyl phosphate are specifically claimed.    EXAMPLE - Phosphorus trichloride (in g) (340), t-butyl alcohol (184), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (496) were reacted at 60 degrees C for 3 hours, cooled to 0 degrees C, and gaseous chlorine (193) was added. The resultant mixture was mixed with magnesium chloride (9.4) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol (409), reacted at 130 degrees C for 4 hours, and cooled. The resultant mixture was mixed with water (500) sodium hydrogen carbonate (16), and water layer was removed, and distilled to obtain bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro propyl)phosphate (1A) (743).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide in the battery is of formula: Li1+xNiaMnbCocO2+b, where x+a+b+c is 1, x is 0-0.1, c/a+b is 0-0.4 (preferably 0-0.3, more preferably 0-0.15), a/b is 0.7-3 (preferably 0.7-2, more preferably 0.7-1.5) and d is (-0.1)-0.1. Preferred Property: The volume average particle diameter of primary particle and secondary particle in anode active material 0.5-2 mu m and 4-15 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate in volume ratio of 2:8-5:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of ester-type compound is 0.001-2.5 weight%. The total amount of linear carbonate chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate, cyclic carbonate compound having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and cyclic carbonate compound having fluorine atom is 95 volume% or more. The nonaqueous solvent preferably contains ethylene carbonate and dialkyl carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    R=1-4C linear alkyl or 5-7C cycloalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The supporting electrolyte salt is lithium salt or quaternary ammonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chain-shaped sulfone is asymmetrically chain-shaped sulfone. Preferred Definitions:    n=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode catalyst layer preferably contains 0.01-0.3 mg/cm2 of iridium. Preferred Property: The anode catalyst layer has thickness of 6 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon substrate layer is made of niobium oxide (Nb2O5), ruthenium oxide (RuO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO2) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fiber is a carbon nanofiber, a glass fiber, a polymeric fiber or a metal oxide fiber. The fiber has a diameter larger than a diameter of a carbon nanotube. The fiber has a length sufficient for the fiber to bridge between at least two of the conductive support particles. The fiber has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of greater than 10 meters squared/g, a diameter of 75-125 nm, and a length of 50-100 microns. The ratio of the conductive support particles to the reinforcing material is 15:1-1:5. The reinforcing material is at least one of physically entangled and chemically bonded with at least one of the conductive support particles and the ionomer. The fiber has a surface modified to increase at least one of the physical entanglement and the chemical adhesion of the reinforcing material with at least one of the conductive support particles and the ionomer. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): support particles/catalyst (50 wt.% of platinum/Vulcan carbon black) (8); ionomer (3); water (34); ethanol (34); isopropanol alcohol (17); and carbon nanofiber (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-electronic conductive material is made of polypropylene single-layer microporous membrane/polyethylene single-layer microporous membrane (PE) or polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE) composite multi-layer microporous membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The porous material comprises a metal mesh, a metal foam, a carbon-based foam, or a microtruss material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wet gas and the dry gas comprise air, and gas mixtures including oxygen, nitrogen, water, or hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ions other than proton are alkali-metal ions, phosphonium ions, nitrogen-containing cations, rare-earth metal ions and/or alkaline-earth metal ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte in catalyst layer and/or electrolytic membrane is hydrocarbon type electrolyte or fluorine type electrolyte. During manufacture of fuel cell, the membrane-electrode assembly is reduced using a reducing agent solution containing mixture of formic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid, mixture of formic acid and ascorbic acid, or mixture of formic acid and heteropolyacid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrical conductor structure is made of copper, silver, gold or silver-palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The individual layers are made of polyimide, and phenolic, epoxy or silicone resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal body contains titanium. The active material includes lithium titanate. The aqueous solution is lithium salt aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metal body forms a woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The two or more graphite powders contain graphite powder (A) having average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m, and graphite powder (B) having average particle diameter of 5-20 mu m. Preferred Composition: The amount of graphite powder is 1-30 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of positive electrode active material powder. The positive electrode active material powder is a powder of lithium composite metal oxide of formula: LiaNi1-(x+y+z)MnxFeyCozO2, where x is more than 0 and less than 1, y and z are 0 to less than 1, x+y+z is more than 0 and less than 1, and a is 0.5-1.5. The positive mix contains binder, solvent and carbon material of non-graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The solid nanowires comprise silicon or silicon alloys. The metallic substrate comprises stainless steel, copper, or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium slat dissolved in an organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises ethylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A positive electrode containing lithium-nickel complex oxide or lithium-manganese complex oxide is used in the battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder is non-graphite powder, and contains particles having average particle diameter of 0.01-0.1 mu m. The positive electrode active material powder is lithium composite metal oxide containing nickel and manganese. The content of electroconductive powder is 2-50 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of positive electrode active material powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder consists of lead-type glass or bismuth-type glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic acid is maleic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The vinylidene fluoride-type polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas diffusion layer further comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The titanium oxide compound has spot of 0.185-0.195 nm in fast Fourier transformation analysis pattern measured using high resolving-type transmission electron microscope.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocatalyst is made of platinum-based metal consisting of platinum, platinum-ruthenium and platinum-ruthenium-iridium. The inert gas consists of nitrogen and argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionomer solution contains species including water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The afterburner-catalyzer stage for afterburning of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is formed as platinum catalyzer, a platinum-palladium catalyzer, a platinum-palladium-rhodium catalyzer, a platinum-ruthenium catalyzer, a platinum-palladium-ruthenium catalyzer or a platinum-palladium-lanthanum catalyzer. The afterburner-catalyzer stage for afterburning of hydrocarbons is formed as an alkaline-earth hexa aluminate catalyzer, a manganese substituted hexa aluminate-catalyzer, a rhodium-perovskite catalyzer or an aluminum borate palladium catalyzer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ion exchange resin layer performs ion exchange with respect to ions selected from the group consisting of manganese ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, aluminum ion, iron ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material contains a conductive material selected from graphite, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, copper, nickel and gold, and a resin that melts at a high temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Electrochemical Cell: The electrochemical cell is a passive water removal Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) hydrogen (H2)/oxygen (O2) fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler is made of material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and boehmite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive resin is made of material selected from the group consisting of poly-alpha-olefin, polyacrylic acid ester, polyvinyl acetate, and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol storage electrode plate or water storage electrode plate is made of silicon. The current collecting layer comprises titanium, copper and gold layers, or titanium and platinum layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode includes lithium, sodium, mercury, tin, cesium, rubidium, potassium, or an alloy, solution, amalgam, or their intermetallic compound. The cathode includes gallium, iron, mercury, tin, sulfur, chlorine, or an alloy, solution, amalgam, or their intermetallic compound. The electrolyte includes perchlorate, ether, grapheme, succinonitrile, ethylene carbonate, beta-alumina, or ion-conducting glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte includes perchlorate, ether, graphene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basic compound is ammonia. The content of basic compound in hydrogen gas is 0.1-10 mol/m3. The oxidizing agent gas is air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The air-permeable electroconductive base material preferably has a thickness of 125-215 mu m, and a density of 0.22-0.47 g/cm3. The air-permeable electroconductive base material contains carbon paper subjected to water-repellent process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The gas-diffusion layer component preferably has a water-vapor-transmission rate of 1450-1650 g/m2/hour, and a penetration electrical resistance as measured by 4-probe method (1-kHz alternating current, pressure between terminals of 981 kPa, room temperature) of 15 m Omega .cm2 or less. A microporous layer containing electroconductive carbonaceous powder and PTFE is further laminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The sinusoidal current applied in the electrolytic cells has an amplitude of more than 400 A/m2 and frequency of more than 1000 Hz. The solution entering the cells operates with temperature of less than 40 degrees C, copper cation concentration of less than 30 gpl, and less than 240 l/min/cell when amplitude of the sinusoidal current at a continuous offset current is 300 A/m2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal carbide is tungsten carbide and/or silicon carbide. The metal oxide is titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten trioxide, tin oxide and/or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode is carbon material. Preferred Properties: The negative electrode has R value of 0.4-1.5, measured by Raman spectroscopy. The R value is set as the ratio of peak intensity at wavelength of 1300-1400 cm-1 with respect to peak intensity at wavelength of 1580-1620 cm-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The characteristics of base material ferrite-type steel plate, are regulated in accordance with GISG4305 and GISG4312 standards.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulated substrate is made of aluminum nitride material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: One of binder solution or mixed material paste has viscosity of 1000 mPa.second or more, and other has viscosity of 2000 mPa.second or more. The binder solution and mixed material paste have solubility parameter of 2 or more. Preferred Components: The solvent (42) of binder solution is carbon tetrachloride or fluorine-type liquid. The solvent of mixed material paste is water or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyanionic compound is lithium compound of formula: LiaMbXOc or LixFe1-yM'yPO4, where M is iron, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, cerium, chromium, nickel, X is silicon or phosphorus, x is more than 0.90 to 1.30, y is 0-0.3, M' is cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, cerium, chromium or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lipophilizing agent is compound having hydrophilic functional group or hydrophobic organic functional group, organic substance, inorganic substance including metal chosen from aluminum, titanium, zirconium and silicon, coupling agent chosen from aluminum-type coupling agent, titanate-type coupling agent, zirconate-type coupling agent and silane coupling agent, or silylating agent. The content of lipophilizing agent with respect to polyanionic compound is 0.1-10 weight%. Preferred Properties: The active material has tap density of 0.5-3.6 g/cc and oil absorption amount of 20 ml/100 g or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: In a battery pack, the bottom surface of the case extension (21) is disposed in a range of 20% of the vertical height of the case (2) above and below the vertical center.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The plug connector is formed at a data bus system i.e. controller area network bus, by a connection element of the battery management system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The die is formed as a base plate with a frame surrounding the edge side. A longitudinal expansion and/or latitudinal expansion of a cavity of the die correspond to approximately a longitudinal expansion and/or latitudinal expansion of the single cell. The die surrounds the single cell introduced in the cavity, preferably interlocked laterally and at least in the bottom side. The die is formed from a metal. The die is rigidly arranged opposite to the sonotrode. The sonotrode is transferable in high-frequency oscillations. The sonotrode is vertically moved towards the top of the die. The pole of the electrode stack and the housing side wall are compressible between the die and sonotrode. The pole is pressed with the associated housing side wall during welding. The pole is connected together with the associated housing side wall by one of the welding seam or welding point. The single cell by pressing together their housing side walls are thermally coupled together.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode contains metallic lithium. The electrolyte layer contains sulfide group solid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The amount of alkali metal oxide in glass film is 15 %mass or less. The glass film has dielectric constant of 5 or more at 1 MHz, dielectric loss tangent of 0.05 or less at 1 MHz, volume resistivity of 108 Omega .cm or more at 350 degrees C, and liquid phase viscosity of 103.5 dPa.second or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The ionically dissociative group is proton dissociative group. The proton dissociative group is chosen from sulfonic acid group, phosphone group, bis-sulfonimide group, sulfonamide group, carboxyl group, diphosphonomethano group or disulfonoethano group. The electron accepting atom is boron or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The compound having Lewis acid group is polymer having two or more Lewis acid groups in the side chain, preferably fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storage alloy powder has cerium-nickel (Ce2Ni7)-type crystal structure or cerium-nickel (CeNi3)-type crystal structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight decrease rate of surface-modified silicon particles is 2-40 %mass, when heating surface-modified silicon particles at 600 degrees C in air atmosphere. Preferred Definitions:    R=-(CH2)p-(NH)q-R1 or -X-C(-R2)=C(-R3)(-R4);    R1=mercapto group, or heterocyclic group or aryl (both optionally substituted), preferably phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, styryl, benzenyl, phenethyl, cinnamyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, piperidino, pyrazinoyl, piperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, furanyl, pyranyl or mercapto;    X=ester bond or -(CH2)r-;    R2-R4=H, 1-10C alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, preferably H or 1-3C alkyl;    p=0-10, preferably 0-5;    q=0 or 1;and    r=1-10, preferably 1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The baked product is pulverized and washed with an aqueous medium. The dried raw material is heated at 500-800 degrees C. The water-soluble inorganic compound is boric acid.
Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=group of formula (v, vi or vii);and    M=Fe2+ or Co2+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plate is made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, palladium and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The structure comprises a metallic structure, where the metallic structure is selected from titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, zinc and niobium, and/or an alloy. The structure is selected from a composite structure comprising a support layer, and a metal and/or alloy layer; or the structure is selected from an existing membrane. Preferred Method: Providing container with electrolyte comprises choosing an electrolyte from dilute alkaline fluids or solutions. The structure is placed between the at least two electrodes. Producing membrane further comprises removing at least a part of the support layer. Providing potential difference comprises applying a voltage of over 100 Volts, and preferably of over 200 Volts; or providing potential difference comprises applying a continuous and/or pulsed direct current, and/or a continuous and/or pulsed alternating current, including negative or bipolar pulses. Preferred Parameters: The pulsed direct and/or alternating current comprises negative or bipolar pulses. The porous layer comprises pores in the range of 0-2 mu m, and preferably 1-100 nm. The majority of the pores, preferably at least 75%, and more preferably at least 90%, is in the specified range.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-titanium oxide has a spinel structure. The lithium phosphorus oxide having olivine structure is lithium-iron phosphate (LixFePO4, where x is 0-1), lithium-iron-manganese phosphate (LixFe1-xMnyPO4, where y is 0-1), lithium-vanadium phosphate (LixVPO4F), and/or lithium-cobalt phosphate (LixCoPO4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains two or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and gamma -butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameter: The depth of the gas channels in the sub-cell cavities is less than 20 mu m. Preferred Composition: The width to depth ratio of the shallow recess is at least 1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nonwoven fabric consists of a dry-type fiber or continuous fiber. The polyethylene-type resin is formed on surface of fabric by coating polyethylene-type emulsion. The amount of emulsion with respect to nonwoven fabric is 0.1-10 wt.%. The nonwoven fabric is formed by spun bonding method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The medium is sterilized by supplying ( gamma )-ray, ethylene oxide gas or UV-ray.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microparticles contain metal oxide, metal hydroxide and/or hydrated metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickener is natural polysaccharide. The separator contains porous base material. The porous base material is woven fabric, nonwoven fabric or microporous membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intumescent material is selected from the group consisting of graphite-based intumescent materials, thermoplastic elastomers, ceramic-based intumescent materials, vermiculite/mineral fiber based intumescent materials, and ammonium polyphosphate based intumescent materials.
Preferred Definitions:    Ra,Rb,Rb'=-(OA)c-B';    OA=oxyethylene or oxypropylene;    B'=hydroxy or 1-12C alkoxy;    c=6-100;    m+n=4;and    p+q,p'+q'=3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amide is lithium aluminum amide. The ammonia borane and lithium aluminum amide are present in a molar ratio of 3:1 to 15:1, preferably 9:1. The dehydrogenation up to 11 wt.% of the total weight of the at least one ammonia borane occurs at 70-145 degrees C, preferably 135-145 degrees C within 10 minutes. The amount of borazine or diborane incidental to dehydrogenation of the ammonia borane is not greater than 100 parts per million. The amide enables dehydrogenation of the ammonia borane at a pressure of above 1 bar absolute. Preferred Method: In the method: the temperature of the hydrogen storage material is elevated to 80-140 degrees C; and the step of elevating the temperature of the hydrogen storage material is carried out at a pressure of above 1 bar absolute. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in wt.%): ammonia borane (83); and lithium aluminum amide (17).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The layers are made of steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spinel lithium manganese composite oxide has a structure of formula (LixMn2-y-zNiyMzO4-nFn), (LixMn2-y-zNiyMzO4-nCln), (LixMn2-y-zNiyMzO4-nBrn), or (LixMn2-y-zNiyMzO4-nIn). Preferred Method: The spinel lithium manganese composite oxide is formed by sintering a mixture comprising a lithium source, a nickel source, a manganese source, an M source, a halogen source, and a fluorine source. EXAMPLE - Lithium carbonate powder, nickel(II) acetate powder, manganese acetate tetrahydrate powder, niobium chloride powder, and lithium fluoride were mixed in a mole ratio of 0.525:0.45:1.4:0.05:0.05 and dissolved in water to prepare a solution. Then an additive comprising a mixture of citric acid and ethylene glycol in a mole ratio of 1:4, was added to the solution to prepare a mixed solution. The mixed solution was first sintered at 500 degrees C for 3 hours under an oxygen atmosphere and then sintered at 1000 degrees C for 24 hours and cooled at 1 degrees C per minute to give cathode active material of formula (Li(1.1)Ni(0.45)Mn(1.4)Nb(0.05)O(3.95)F(0.05)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface area of the starting carbon is less than or equal to 65 m2/g. The proportion of sulfur in the sulfur/carbon conductive composite material is 50-90 wt.% of the sulfur/carbon conductive composite material. The starting carbon is constituted by one or more carbon allotropes. The starting sulfur is constituted by one or more allotropic sulfur forms. The starting sulfur is orthorhombic alpha-sulfur S8. Preferred Method: In the process, the heating temperature (Tc) is 125-200 degrees C. The reactor temperature naturally and gradually comes back to room temperature after heat treatment. The sulfur/carbon conductive composite material obtained after heat treatment is then mechanically ground to obtain a uniform size distribution. The heat treatment step is carried out in the presence of air. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal-containing oxycarbonitride is obtained by heating a metal-containing carbonitride in an oxygen gas containing inert gas. The catalyst layer further contains electroconductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent which does not contain oxygen atom is acetonitrile, dichloroethane, n-hexane, and/or cyclohexane. Preferred Definitions:    M=niobium, iron, titanium, lanthanum, tantalum or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The positive electrode active material is obtained by baking mixture containing lithium compound, compound comprising nickel atom, cobalt atom and manganese atom, and aluminum phosphate having atomic ratio of lithium atom and sum of nickel atom, cobalt atom, manganese atom and aluminum atom of 0.95 or more. The positive electrode active material is washed with water as solvent. Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum atom in the positive electrode active material is 0.025-0.9 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronically-conducting molten anode comprises silver. The solid oxide electrolyte is selected from oxides of hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, scandium, ytterbium, lanthanum, gallium, gadolinium, bismuth, cesium, thorium, where oxides are doped with zirconium oxide doped with yttrium oxide, alkaline earth metals or rare earth metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon-containing fuel is selected from coal, charcoal, peat, coke, char, petroleum coke, oil sand, tar sand, waste plastics, biomass, agriculture waste, forest waste, municipal waste, human waste, biological waste, and carbon produced by pyrolysis of carbonaceous substance of solid, liquid or gaseous form. The carbon containing fuel further comprises sequestering agent suitable for carbon dioxide/sulfur dioxide capture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solid electrolyte material is crystalline or amorphous inorganic ion conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The graft copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-500000. The copolymer has at least one segment having glass transition temperature of 15 degrees C or less. Preferred Composition: The content of graft copolymer in electrolyte layer is 0.1-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The acidic solution has pH of 3.4 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The isotactic triad content of the acrylonitrile copolymer is greater than or equal to 40 mole% on all the acrylonitrile component standards. Preferred Component: The acrylonitrile copolymer is homopolymer of acrylonitrile chosen from methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic acid, methacrylic ester, itaconic acid, itaconic acid ester, aminostyrene, vinylpyridine, vinylimidazole, vinylcarbozole, vinylpyrrolidone, cyanoacetic ester, vinyl phthalimide, vinyl pyrazine, vinyl triazine, and vinyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode active material consists of LixNiyM1-yO2, where 1.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1.1, y greater than or equal to 0.5, and M contains one or more metal groups chosen from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous non-organic material is metal or carbon. The carbon comprises fullerenes, endohedral fullerenes, graphenes, carboranes, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanoribbons, single walled nanotubes, nanowhiskers, nanonails, nanostructures encapsulating fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and/or nanostructures on graphenes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The inherently conducting polymer electro-catalyst additionally includes a non-conducting polymer. The polymeric support is polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene polymers, and/or cellulosic polymers. The inherently conducting polymer electro-catalyst comprises polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, polyanilines, polyfluorenes, poly(3-hexylthiophene), polynaphthalenes, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(p-phenylenevinylenes), or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The formulation further comprises an electronically conductive material(s), and a lithium salt(s). The formulation has a viscosity of 0.01-50 Pa-sec at 25 degrees C. The formulation comprises (wt.%) lithium powder (20-50), conductive material (15-40), and polyimide binder (10-25).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent comprises gamma -butyrolactone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer binder comprises a polyimide, polybenzimidazole, or a polyamide-imide. The polyimide is a branched rod-coil polyimide-polyethylene oxide copolymer. The polymer binder comprises polyamides, polyphenylene oxides, polyarylates, polyester-imides, polyester-amide-imides, poly(benzoxazoles), polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polysulfonamides, poly(quinoxaline), poly(p-phenylenes), poly(aryl ethers), poly(aryl ethers) substituted with a pyridyl group, poly(aryl ether sulfones), and/or polyepoxides. The polymer binder has a glass transition temperature of greater than 150 degrees C. The polyimide comprises a preimidized, amorphous, thermoplastic polyimide powder soluble in a polar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier contains gold, silver, copper, iron, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silica, tin oxide, germanium oxide, zirconia, titania, alumina, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, silver oxide or cuprous oxide. The carrier contains electroconductive particles. The transition metal is scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, zinc, iridium, platinum or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The self-assembled film comprises organic molecule chosen from thiol group, disulfide group, sulfide group, thio isocyanide group, carboxylic acid group, phosphonic acid group, phosphoric acid group and silane group. The heterocyclic compound contains nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or selenium as heteroatom, and is preferably pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, tellurazole, isotellurazole, selenazole, isoselenazole, thiozole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, furazan, triazole, furan, dioxane, thiophene, selenophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, piperidine, pyrazine, piperazine, pyridazine, seleno morpholine, morpholine, pyrane, dioxene, thiopyran, trithiane, thioxane, selenine, quinazoline, isoquinoline, quinoline, naphthyridine, acridine, benzo quinoline, phenanthroline, quinoxaline, indole, indoline, indazole, carbazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, pyrrolo pyridine, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, dibenzo dioxin, methylene-dioxybenzene, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene or thianthrene
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second metal layer are from materials selected from a group consisting of copper, zinc, silver, aluminum, nickel, chrome, tungsten, gold, platinum and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronic device in power electronic interface is made of silicon-on-insulator, silicon carbide or gallium-nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The conductive composite layer comprises carbon-metal composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The glycol is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and/or glycerol, preferably ethylene glycol. The glycol ether (I) is ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Preferred Definitions:    R3=4C or less alkyl.    (i) When R1 is ethylene, n is 1-3; and (ii) When R2 is propylene, n is 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The microbubbles are carbon dioxide microbubbles. The positive electrode is obtained using lithium-containing complex oxide containing lithium and transition metal element(s) as positive electrode active material. The electrode collector is foil-shaped aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Preferred Definitions:    Y'=aromatic group of formula (a) or (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is alcohol solvent, ether solvent, ester solvent, amide solvent, ketone solvent, amine solvent and/or water. Preferred Condition: Heating is carried out in inert gas atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is a polymer of fluorine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The halogen component is halogen ion or halide ion. Preferred Method: The ultrasonic vibration is carried out at 20-60 degrees C under at frequency of 10-16 kHz. The concentration range of dissolved ozone in the solution is 60-230 g/Nm3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of manganese in positive electrode active material is 10-80 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of constituent unit derived from allyl acrylate or constituent unit derived from allyl (meth)acrylate is 0.05-2 %mass. The content of constituent unit derived from alpha , beta -unsaturated nitrile monomer is 3-40 %mass. The vinyl monomer contains carboxylic acid group as acid component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The electrode active material is positive electrode active material containing lithium-containing composite metal oxide having compositional formula: LixM1yM21-yO2, where x is 0.4-1, y is 0.3-1, M1 is chosen from nickel and manganese, and M2 is chosen from cobalt, aluminum and iron. The electrode active material is negative electrode active material containing base material having silicon and/or tin. The slurry further contains organic solvent having water content of 100 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The fluororubber particles contain copolymer rubber unit of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer rubber unit of tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, or copolymer rubber unit of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene. The fluorine rubber particles are crosslinked particles and have average particle diameter of 0.1-2 mu m. Preferred Binder: The binder contains polyvinylidene fluoride and/or fluoropolymer containing structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride, structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene and structural unit derived from hexafluoropropylene in ratio of 0.5-0.9:0.09-0.5:0-0.08. The binder further contains solvent soluble-type thermoplastic resin other than fluoropolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyacrylic acid-type polymer, polymethacrylic acid-type polymer, polyimide, polyamide and polyamidoimide. Preferred Composition: The slurry contains (in %mass) electrode active material (70-98), binder (0.1-20) and fluororubber particles (0.1-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact of the electrical connector assembly includes louvers. Both contact and louvers are formed of steel. The louvers are coated with copper. The electrical connector is formed from copper, aluminum, and or nickel and is produced by stamping sheet metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode collector contains 1.2 %mass or more of iron with respect to aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of catalyst substance and polymer electrolyte is 1:0.01-1:30. The weight ratio of carbon particles and polymer electrolyte is 1:0.1-1:20. The catalyst substance is substance which partially oxidizes carbonitride of transition metal element chosen from tantalum, niobium, titanium and zirconium, preferably tantalum under atmosphere containing oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of segment (A) and segment (B) in the graft copolymer is 20:80-80:20. The graft copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-500000. The segment (D) is segment of soft polymer with glass transition temperature of 15 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode catalyst comprises precursor chosen from palladium carbon (Pd/C) catalyst and non-platinum catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluoride of terbium and/or dysprosium is supplied to the surface of the magnet body as a powder containing 15 weight% or more of terbium and/or dysprosium. Preferred Property: The amount of powder supplied to the surface of the magnet body is 0.1-100 mg/cm2, preferably 0.5-50 mg/cm2 of the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte solution further contains monofluorophosphate and/or difluorophosphate. The cyano group-containing compound (I) is dodecane nitrile, tridecane nitrile, tetradecane nitrile, pentadecane nitrile, hexadecane nitrile, heptadecane nitrile, octadecane nitrile, nonadecane nitrile and/or icosane nitrile, preferably dodecane nitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 2-4C alpha olefin is ethylene. The binder further comprises thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface of the electroconductive material is subjected to acid treatment. The hydrophilic porous layer is produced using ink containing pore making material. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of primary particles of electroconductive material is 60 nm or less. The average particle diameter of secondary particles in ink containing electroconductive material, hydrophilic material and solvent is 0.5 mu m or more. The hydrophilic material has equivalent weight of 1000 g/eq or less. Preferred Composition: The gas diffusion electrode comprises hydrophilic processed portion containing ion-conductive material, metal oxide and hydrophilic polymer.
Preferred Definitions:    R=neodymium and/or praseodymium (10 atomic% or more);    E=magnesium, calcium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium and/or dysprosium;    T=iron (60 atomic% or more);and    A=boron (80 atomic% or more).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxyfluoride of elements (E) and (E') is formed at the grain boundary region that extends from the magnet component surface to the depth of 20 mu m or less. The content of particles of oxyfluoride having equivalent diameter of 1 mu m or less which are distributed in grain boundary region, is 2000 particles/mm2 or less. The element (E) comprises 10 atomic% of neodymium and/or praseodymium. The mother alloy further contains dysprosium. Dysprosium fluoride and neodymium oxide are further absorbed to the mother component. The element (T) comprises 60 atomic% or less of iron. The element (A) comprises 80 atomic% or less of boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Battery: In the bipolar secondary battery, the first active material layer is a negative-electrode active material layer. Each of the seal members has a first active material layer facing portion and a second active material facing portion, and each of the electrolyte layers is positioned between portions of a respective first active material layer facing portion and second active material facing portion. The thickness of the seal portions decreases as it approaches the center of the battery in the planar direction. The thickness of at least one of the first active material layer and the second active material layer of each bipolar electrode decrease as it approaches outside the battery in the planar direction. Each of the seal members is disposed to in contact with an outer edge of a first active material layer and an outer edge of a second active material layer that are opposite to the seal member in the planar direction. Also, each of the seal members has a first inner edge facing the first active material layers and a second inner edge facing the second active material layers; and where the first inner edge and/or the second inner edge has a non-linear shape. The outer edges of the first active material layers and/or the outer edges of the second active material layers have a non-linear shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The cooling is carried out at a rate of 100-1010 degrees C/second. Preferred Composition: The carbon powder contains 0.1-20 %mass of carbon. The crystal has a compositional formula: AxMyPOw, preferably LixMyPOw. The molten material is formed using raw material containing phosphorus pentoxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid and/or hypophosphorous acid.x=0-1.5;y=0.8-1.2;w=(x+yz+5)/2;andz=valency of M.Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing reducing agent when melting the crystals. Preferred Definitions:    A=Li;and    M=Fe or Mn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell is operated at 600-1000 degrees C to produce hydrogen or hydrocarbons such as ethylene by dehydration of ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The internet network is selected from a wireless fidelity (WiFi)network or Ethernetnetwork. The electric netwotk is connected to a computer via a universal serial bus (USB)/powerline communication adapter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst surface layer comprises an element selected from the Platinum Metals Group. The viscous fluid is an electrolyte. The electrolyte is alkaline. The alkaline electrolyte contains an element from Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements. The electrolyte is acidic. The catalyst surface layer comprises protuberances extending from catalyst surface layer into the laminar flow. The catalyst surface layer comprises catalyst layers. The protuberances comprise sparse mesh of fine filaments. The filaments contain aggregate carbon balls. The aggregate carbon balls are decorated by particles of a metal selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Platinum Metals Group or particles of a metal selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Group 10. The catalyst surface layer comprises nanoporous metal foam sponge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sponge comprises a metal alloy in which one element has been removed by selective dissolution. The metal alloy comprises face-centered-cubic structural geometry. The metal alloy comprises a perovskite structure. The nanoporous metal foam sponge is decorated with catalytic particles of metal selected from the Platinum Metals Group or with organic catalytic particles. The metal is a platinum alloy. The platinum alloy contains ruthenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is selected from nickel, zinc, copper or aluminum. The active material is selected from lithium titanate or lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive plates are of two types such as positive conductive plate made of titanium along with a platinum coating, and negative conductive plate made of nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon nanotube has fiber diameter of 1-200 nm and fiber length of 1-100 mu m. The dibutyl phthalate absorbed quantity of carbon nanotube is 0.8-1.5 volume times of addition amount of water-insoluble solvent, based on JIS K 6221A. The dibutyl phthalate absorbed quantity of carbon nanotube is 0.8-1.5 volume times of total addition amount of water-soluble solvent and water-insoluble solvent, based on JIS K 6221A.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon-nanotube-rich resin composition further contains resin binder solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The chemical fertilizer is added to the condensed black liquid before the step of spraying the pulp and granulating. It is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, ferrous fertilizer, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, and/or zinc. The biological reduction of black liquid pH comprises biological acidification. The step of evaporating the black liquid comprises heat evaporation method or negative pressure evaporation method. The condensed water in the step of evaporating and condensing the black liquid is recycled. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-producing substance consists of aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium, and/or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The pH of liquid-state organic fertilizer is 4-4.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation bactericide is EM bactericide, HEM bactericide, and/or VT bactericide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The manure solution in the water storage pond is circularly used as diluted water for fresh chicken manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive catalyst comprises alkaline-earth metal oxide comprising magnesium oxide and/or calcium oxide having a weight ratio of 1:3-4. The negative catalyst comprises borax and chromite having a weight ratio of 2-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Microorganism: The S.pseudogriseolus is S.pseudogriseolus KS-3 strain (NITE AP-918). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The ingredient is Hongyuan energy fertilizer additive. The expansion material is added before fermentation at step (C). The expansion material is lignin material. The heavy metal is detected after step (A). The domestic sludge in which the content of heavy metal content does not exceed national standard is conveyed to step (B). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous inorganic matter comprises pearlite, sepiolite, medical stone, or zeolite. The clay comprises bentonite, opoka, kaolin, kieselguhr, or montmorillonite. The acidic liquid is 0.01-0.1 mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid. The initiator is ammonium sulfate or potassium peroxydisulfate. The attapulgite is acidified by dipping it in 2-3 mol/L of nitric acid or hydrochloric acid for 12-36 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic matter is obtained by mixing, fermenting and crushing humic acid and organic material at ratio of humic acid and organic material of 1:2-5. The active sealing agent comprises pesticide emulsifier 600, agricultural pesticide emulsifier 0203B, or agricultural pesticide emulsifier 0204C. The starch is corn starch or potato starch. The crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The compost fermenting agent is organic fertilizer fermenting agent or transformation promoter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Urease inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The at least one obstruction member partially obstructs at least one the channel. The device further comprises an inlet through which the reactant gas flow distribution flows. The shape of a several obstruction members mirrors a shape of the inlet through which the reactant gas flow distribution flows. The at least one channel has no blockages.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The aerobic microbe is chosen from Bacillus subtilis, B.thuringiensis, and B.sphaericus. Preferred Purifier: The purifier comprises a tubular material, orifice positioned in the tubular material, gas introduction path positioned in downstream of the orifice of the tubular material in order to introduce the gas-containing oxygen in the tubular material, and microbubble generator (13) provided positioned at the gas introduction path.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves contacting at least one portion of the microbubble with the water purification material. The water purification material has porous structure. The purification material has through-hole (12a) with water permeability and solidifies mixture of granular aggregate, cement-type solidification agent, and aerobic microbe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The vegetable oil is selected from peanut, palm, soy, rapeseed, mustard, jatropha, mahua, hemp, field pennycress, pongamia pinnata, flax, camellina and/or sunflower.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises petrodiesel. The composition comprises fatty acid branched 3-4C alkyl ester comprises (10-50 vol.%); and biodiesel (5-20 vol.%). Preferred Components: The fatty acid of the fatty acid methyl ester and the fatty acid of the fatty acid branched 3-4C alkyl ester comprise 10-18C (preferably less than or equal to 16C, especially less than or equal to 14C). The fatty acid of the fatty acid methyl ester and the fatty acid of the fatty acid branched 3-4C alkyl ester are derived from an oil selected from tallow, algae and/or vegetable oil. The fatty acid branched 3-4C alkyl ester is fatty acid isopropyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The monitored pH value of the stack is not in suitable range, when it is 6.5 or less, the stack can be added with a suitable quantity of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution adjusting agent, when the pH is 8.5 or more, the stack can be added with low-concentration glacial acetic acid adjusting agent to adjust the pH to 7.5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves adding reducing agent to the platinum supplying source-zeolite mixture. The method (M2) further involves recovering the substrate from the platinum-zeolite composite, and laminating the obtained substrate. Preferred Components: The reducing agent is sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and/or hydrazine. The mole ratio of platinum supplying source to reducing agent is 1:10-4:1. The weight ratio of the zeolite/carbon substrate to platinum-zeolite composite is 7:3-4:6. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microelement is zinc, boron, manganese, iron, and/or molybdenum. Preferred Method: The frequency of turning and stirring can be changed according to the stacking temperature, where when stacking temperature is less than 60 degrees C or higher than 65 degrees C, the turning and stirring frequency is increased accordingly. The water content of dry solid of high-efficiency organic fertilizer is 5-10 wt.% and the drying temperature is 80-120 degrees C. The NBPT is crushed and screened so that the particle size is less than 60 mesh. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange process separation film is made of poly(ether ether ketone) or vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gasoline comprises (pts.vol.) methyl alcohol (85), gasoline component oil (15), cosolvent (0.5-1), antiseptic and rubber expansion inhibiting agent (0.1-0.2), cleaning agent (0.2-0.3) and coloring agent (0.01-0.05). The methyl alcohol is pure alcohol. The gasoline component oil is mixture of light dydrocarbon and ether. The gasoline component oil is 5C, petroleum ether and isopropyl ether (30-60 pts.wt.). The gasoline component oil is mixture of approximately 90% of 5C and less than 10 vol.% of 60-90 solvent oil. The gasoline component oil is mixture of 5C and 90# gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flocculant is aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate and/or kaolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The employed molasses alcohol waste is obtained by culturing Rhizopus taking molasses alcohol waste and cellulose as material for 1-3 days at 30-32 degrees C. Through mixing and culturing of the molasses alcohol waste and the cellulose, the Rhizopus has adapted to the environment of molasses alcohol waste so as to degrade the pigment and organic matter. The Rhizopus can be purchased from National Microorganism Preservation Center, or adopts the wine cube of the current sweet wine plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The iron reducing bacterium is Enterobacter aerogenes XM02 (CGMCC 1969), Pantoea agglomerans MFC4 (CGMCC 2353) or Corynebacterium humireducens MFC5 (CGMCC 2352).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of urban sludge and organic matter is 45-55:45-55. Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing iron salt or oxide before fermentation. The organic matter is chips, mushroom residues and/or straws. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soil additive further comprises: a broad spectrum of microorganisms comprising aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungi, humic material, and/or one or more chelating agents comprising nitro-lignosulfonate, nitro-humic acid, humic acids, fulvic acids or amino acids, and urea, uric or amino acids, which are optionally derived from poultry/animal waste products including manure or guano; and one or more additives comprising fillers comprising phosphate, sifted sand/soil, and/or screened fine paramagnetic rock, macro-elements comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), and micro-nutrients comprising calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, copper, iron, boron or molybdenum. The soil additive comprises screened weathered coal, chicken/cattle manure, phosphate in various forms, screened sand/soil/paramagnetic rock as filler, potassium humates, citric acid, silica, broad-spectrum of micro-organisms, macro-elements comprising NPK in different ratio, and the micro-elements in different ratio. Preferred Method: The method comprises: removing the impurities found in the weathered coal; micronizing the weathered coal; and granulating, adding additives and/or coating. Preferred Components: The screen sizes are 1-5 mm. In the weathered coal, impurities comprising non-weathered coal particles are removed using a mechanical screen and\or sifting process. The weathered coal is further micronized to a fine powder. The average size of the micronized weathered coal is less than or equal to 40 mu . EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in mass%): weathered coal (40); chicken manure (7.4); screened soft rock phosphate (filler) (10); screened paramagnetic rock or sand (filler) (30); potassium humate (1.1); citric acid (1); diatomic silica (3); compost (7.45); and a mixture of a broad spectrum of micro organisms comprising anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria and fungi (0.04).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises emulsifier and setting agent. The particulate matter of vegetable origin is a solid blended with liquid or fluid components in a mass ratio of 100:1-1:5 and 50:1-5:3. Preferred Component: The particulate matter of vegetable origin is of wood origin. The particulate matter of vegetable origin is in the form of saw dust, wood chips, wood splinters and other forms of wood, where the particulate vegetable matters have size up to 50 mm, preferably 1-20 mm equivalent diameter. Preferred Method: The method involves adding and mixing setting agent to the composition. The forming process is performed using mold, where the combustible composition is pressurized at 0.5-10 tons/cm2. The forming process is carried out by extrusion process. Preferred Unit: The combustible composition unit is in the shape of log, briquette, hexagonal, cylindrical, or any other suitable shapes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The photoreception material generates hydrogen and includes a cathode electrolyte made of platinum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel precursor comprises nickel acetate tetrahydrate, nickel nitrate exahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate and nickel bromide hydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary metallic active element comprises copper, silver, bismuth, tin, lead and/or fluorine, preferably (wt.%) copper (5-25), bismuth and/or lead (0.05-2), lead (0.05-0.5) or fluorine (0.01-1). The carrier is aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, diatomite, molecular sieve, kaolin and/or cordierite; a composite carrier formed by loading aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, kaolin and/or cordierite on an inert substrate comprising a metal base and ceramic; or aluminum oxide modified by lanthanum. Preferred Method: The ionization radiation comprises adding carrier which carries the metallic active element precursor and auxiliary metallic active element precursor into a solution having free radical remover, and radiating under a wet or immersion condition (preferably radiating in vacuum or in inert atmosphere) using gamma -ray, X ray or an electronic beam as radiation source controlled at 10-10000 Gy/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The free radical remover is formic acid, methanol, ethanol, glycol and/or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline catalyst is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is the compound comprising 3-Ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole compound of formula (I), 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-pyridine compound of formula (II) or 1-Ethyl-4-methyl-benzene compound of formula (III).R1=-H,-CH3, -CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 or -CH2CH2CH2SO3H;R2=-H or -CH3;R3=-CH3;andX=-HSO4, -HPO4, -CF3SO3, -BF4 or -PF6.The mass ratio of the oil with high acid value to ionic liquid is 100:0.8-1.6. The mass ratio of the oil with low acid value to alkaline catalyst is 100:0.8-1.4. Preferred Components: The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. Preferred Process: The esterification for preparation of biodiesel for 1-3 hours at 50-70 degrees C is executed. The dehydration process in preparation of biodiesel further refers to cleaning the fatty acid ester with water or hot saturated sodium chloride solution at 50-90 degrees C till the solution is neutral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier gas is helium, neon, argon nitrogen and/or hydrogen. The chromatographic column is filled with polymer balls, 4A, 5A or 13X molecular sieve, deoxidizing catalyst, and hydrocarbon catalyst as dealkylation filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes base catalyst chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethylate, potassium ethylate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, sodium stearate and potassium stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes additive chosen from dimethyl ether, methoxyethane, diethyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, methyl-carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The basic catalyst is chosen from IA hydroxide, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hydroxide, alcoholate, oxide, carbonate, bicarbonate or C12-C24 fatty acid salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-ionic surface active agent is polyoxyethylene-type, polyether-type and/or polybasic nonionic surface active agent. The non-ionic surface active agent is chosen from fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan or sugar nonionic surface active agent. The method further utilizes film such as inorganic carbon film, aluminium oxide inorganic film and/or titanium oxide inorganic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adsorbent is silica gel (preferably), diatomite or aluminum silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The volatile siloxane compound is of formula R1Si(OSiH2)OSiR2 or R1Si(OSiRX2)nSiR2, where R1 or R2 can be connected to form an annular siloxane.R1, R2 , RX = H or hydrocarbon or it derivatives; andn= not less than 0, preferably 0-6.The low boiling-point alkane mixture is n- or iso-alkane or cycloalkane, where carbon atom of alkane compound is 4-8. The low-carbon alcohol is ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or iso-butanol. The low boiling-point ester solvent is ester solvent whose boiling point is less than 100 degrees C, e.g. ethyl acetate or methyl propionate. The surfactant is non-ionic surfactant having dispersion function in the system and removing the dirt, e.g. water soluble dirt or dust.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carrier of the catalyst is selected from active carbon, carbon black, carbon nanometer tube, aluminum oxide, bentonite, clay, diatomite, zeolite, molecular sieve, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and polymer material. The selectable modified component of the catalyst is selected from bismuth, antimony, lead, and eighth group element different from palladium. The palladium precursor is selected from palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium acetate, palladium sulfate, palladium oxide and metal organic compound of palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The free radical removing agent of the reactor is selected from methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The Coleoptera is dung beetles. The beetles are coprophagous beetles. The beetles are Euoniticellus intermedius. The microbial consortia are obtained from adult beetles, larval beetles or third instar beetle larvae. The microbial consortia obtained from E.intermedius are supplemented with additional microbial consortia to produce a variety of desired hydrocarbon compounds for e.g. yeast, where the desired product is ethanol. The biomass feedstock is nitrogen rich feedstock, animal waste, animal dung, herbivore dung or ruminant dung. The feedstock is at least partially liquefied by adding liquid to the feedstock before introducing into reactor vessel. The liquid is water. The liquid further comprises nutrients for stimulating initial growth of microbial consortia. The feedstock is partially comminuted or chopped. The feedstock is sufficiently liquefied for e.g. when the feedstock is ruminant dung sourced from a feed lot liquefaction step is omitted. The feedstock is inoculated with at least one microbial consortium before or after introducing into reactor vessel. The hydrocarbon fuel is gas that is drawn from the top of the reactor vessel to store or for immediate use. The gas is methane. The hydrocarbon fuel is liquid. The liquid is alcohol or related compound that is drawn from liquid in the reactor vessel. The feedstock and microbial consortia are heated at 25-30, preferably 30 degrees C. The biofuel produced in the reactor vessel is utilized as energy for heating feedstock.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The haze and smoke screen agent further contains 3-4.5 parts weight of perfume. The biodiesel is BD100-type biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid and/or fluorosulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of monohydric alcohol and oil raw material in first reaction step is (0.05-2):1, preferably (0.15-1.5):1. The mass ratio of monohydric alcohol and oil raw material in second reaction step is (0.05-2):1, preferably (0.1-1):1. The monohydric alcohol is 1-4C aliphatic monohydric alcohol. The oil raw material comprises swill cooked dirty oil, acidification oil, catering waste oil, or waste animal oil. Preferred Method: The first contact reaction of monohydric alcohol and oil raw material is carried out at 70-150 degrees C for 10 minutes to 4 hours in the presence of acid catalyst at amount of 0.1-3 mass% of oil raw material; preferably it is carried out at 90-130 degrees C for 20 minutes to 2 hours in the presence of acid catalyst at amount of 0.5-2 mass% of oil raw material. Glycerol phase and light oil phase are separated from product by settling or by centrifuging at 40-90?OC for 60-300 minutes. The second contact reaction of monohydric alcohol and oil raw material is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 10 minutes to 3 hours in the presence of acid catalyst at amount of 0.1-2 mass% of oil raw material; preferably it is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 20 minutes to 2 hours in the presence of acid catalyst at amount of 0.2-1 mass% of oil raw material. The reaction of light oil phase with monohydric alcohol comprises adding monohydric alcohol to light oil phase; and mixing at 50-95% of total reaction time. The separation of product is carried out by flashing product at 220-260 degrees C. The method further comprises removing monohydric alcohol from glycerol phase; and recycling separated monohydric alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the catalyst (C1) involves: forming a complex oxide CuAlxOy by burning a mixture of gamma -alumina having an average particle size of less than or equal to 0.1 mu m and copper oxide; and forming a Cu/alumina complex by reducing the complex oxide to precipitate Cu. Preferred Components: The metal oxide substrate comprises a metal oxide selected from alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, ceria, and tungsten oxide. The fine particles in the first structure comprises, besides the main component Cu, at least one secondary component selected from O, Zn, Cr, and Fe. The second structure comprises, besides the main component Cu, at least one secondary component selected from O, Zn, Cr, and Fe. EXAMPLE - Copper oxide (10 g) and gamma -alumina powder (12.8 g) having an average primary particle size of less than 0.1 mu m were weighed, and thoroughly mixed in a mortar (Cu/Al=1/2). Then, the mixture was formed into five pellets using a tablet press having a diameter of 21 mm. The pellets each have a weight of 4.5 g. The pellets were burned for 2 hours at 1150 degrees C in an argon flowing atmosphere, thus obtaining a sintered material A. The result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the sintered material A was a mixture of CuAlO2 and alpha -alumina. Two pellets of the sintered material A were ground and classified to prepare 5 g of particles having a particle size of 0.355-0.71 mm, and the particles were reduced for 5 minutes at 700 degrees C in a hydrogen flow at 500 ml/minute, to obtain the resulting catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The size of titanium plate is 1 cm one half cm. The bias voltage of -0.3 to -0.6 Vsce is applied to the electrolytic cell. Preferred Composition: The polishing process is carried out using 400, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500 # sand paper. The content of ammonium fluoride and water in the ethylene glycol solution is 0.3 %mass and 2 %mass, respectively. The mass ratio of palladium chloride, sodium iodide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and water is (3-9):(100-300):(300-800):(10-30).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cleaning process is carried out using acetone, ethanol, double distilled water or deionized water. The solution of three-electrode electrolytic cell contains 2 M sodium carbonate and 0.5 M aqueous ethylene glycol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The electrochemical polymerization reaction is performed in solution containing deionized water supporting electrolyte including lithium chlorate, poly-4-sodium polystyrene sulfonate, lithium triflate, lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. In the reaction system of electrochemical polymerization, the concentration of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is 0.0032-0.019 M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfuric acid loaded polyferric particle catalyst is of formula (Fe2(OH)subsciptN(SO4)3-subscriptN/2). It has aperture of 5-8 mm, and specific gravity of 920 kg/m3.N=0.5-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid fatty acid is animal/plant oil fatty acid with acid value more than 195, moisture content of less than 0.1%, and colloid of less than 30 ppm without non-soluble impurity. Preferred Method: The method comprises reflowing biodiesel with acid value larger than 1 and stop feeding fatty acid to obtain flow quantity of methanol and biodiesel of 0.5-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soil conditioner includes calcium group firming agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic waste is chosen from straw, livestock excrement or organic rubbish. The straw is chosen from corn straw, wheat straw, oilseed straw, peanut straw, barley straw or herbaceous plant straw. The livestock excrement is animal excrement chosen from dairy manure, pig manure or chicken manure. The organic rubbish is chosen from kitchen waste, animal urine, tea waste, coffee waste, organic sludge, market meat waste or protopine organic rubbish. The soil microorganism flora is chosen from Lactobacillus , photosynthetic bacteria, microzyme, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus, Bacillus subtilis bacteria or Trichoderma fungi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic planting medium further comprises heavy metal passivant that is chosen from fly ash, phosphorus ore powder, zeolite or carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from ethanol, acetone, butanol or ethyl acetate. The organic acid is chosen from acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic, tartaric acid or lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid comprises (mass%): methanol (45-50), dimethylbenzene (10-11), and additive (4).Preferred Components: The preservative comprises (pts. wt.): liquid wax (5), oleic acid (5), and ditertiary butyl p-cresol (1). The octane value promoter comprises (pts. wt.): mixed benzene (4), dimethyl tert-butyl ether (10), ferrocene (1) and octyl alcohol (1).The additive is prepared by uniformly stirring preservative, ethylene glycol and acetone in reaction kettle containing dimethylbenzene; adding octane value promoter and polyether amine to reaction kettle to form mixture; and heating formed mixture in sealed container to 30 degrees C, cooling mixture, and uniformly stirring mixture to obtain additive. The preservative is prepared by putting liquid wax, oleic acid and ditertiary butyl p-cresol in a container for uniform stirring. The octane value promoter is prepared by putting methyl tertiary butyl ether, the ferrocene and the octyl alcohol in mixed benzene for uniform stirring.
ACTIVITY - Antiallergic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Lithium aluminum (1mol) and (1S,2R) (-)-N-ethyl ether (31/3g, 0.174mol) under argon gas. The mixture was refluxed. Solution of (4- chlorophenyl)-2-pyridyl-ketone (21.75 g, 0.1mol) and diethylether (300 ml) was slowly added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was heated to room temperature and cooled at -75 to -80 degrees C for 4 hours. Then isopropanol (70ml) and ethylether (700ml) were added to the mixture, and white solid was obtained. The mixture was filtered and dried to give ( S)-4-(4-(4 -chlorophenyl) (2-pyridyl)) methanol (yield 92%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode catalyst is platinum/carbon alloy containing 100 wt.% of platinum. The anode catalyst is iridium/platinum alloy containing 30-70 wt.% of platinum. Preferred Process: The ionic membrane is soaked in hydrogen peroxide solution before being fixed to a transfer template, boiled for 30-60 minutes, immersed in boiled sodium hydroxide solution and boiled for 30-60 minutes. The ionic membrane is boiled in boiled distilled water for 30-60 minutes before soaking in hydrogen peroxide solution, and the surface of the film is roughly processed using a sand paper. The coating amount of the cathode catalyst solution is 1.40-1.95 mg/cm2 and the coating amount of the anode catalyst solution is 3.2-5.2 mg/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the catalyst, Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) solution, isopropanol, glycerol and distilled water in the catalyst solution is 1:5-10:15-25:2-8:15-25, preferably 1:7:20:5:20. The concentration of Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) is 5 wt.%. The ionic membrane is perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionic membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The transfer templates are made of polyvinylidene fluoride, Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene) or tin foil and have thickness of 3-5 mm, length and the width of 1-3 cm more than that of the ionic membrane. The transfer templates are washed and dried with the isopropanol, alcohol or acetone before coating the cathode catalyst solution or the anode catalyst solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-treatment apparatus is made up of a filter drum, a draught fan, and a compressor. The landfill gas is led into the compressor to increase the pressure to 1-3 MPa after filtration. The desulfurization treatment comprises introducing landfill gas and pressure after pretreatment into two towers which are in series or parallel connection with desulfurization tower for carrying out desulfurization treatment at 10-40 degrees C. The primary decarbonisation treatment is carried out at 10-40 degrees C and 0.8-2.8 MPa. The propylene carbonate absorption technique uses propylene carbonate as absorption agent. There are 2-8 absorption towers in the absorption apparatus used in the pressure swing absorption. The absorption towers are filled with composite absorption agent e.g. aluminum oxide, silica gel, and/or molecular sieve, each absorption tower is subjected to absorption, pressure equalizing, pressure reduction, reverse pressure transformation, vacuumizing or purging, and final pressurizing and raising pressure. The absorption temperature during primary deoxygenation is 10-40 degrees C, absorption pressure is 0.8-2.8 Mpa, and vacuum pressure is -0.04--0.1 Mpa, absorption temperature during secondary deoxygenation is 10-40 degrees C, absorption pressure is 0.7-2.7 Mpa, and vacuum pressure is -0.04 -0.1 Mpa. The deep drying treatment comprises carrying out temperature swing drying using active aluminum oxide or silica gel, controlling moisture in gas to 1 ppm at 10-40 degrees C and 0.6-2.6 Mpa. The leaching sulfur active carbon adsorption technique is conducted at 10-40 degrees C and 0.6-2.6 Mpa using leaching sulfur active carbon as adsorption agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline chemicals comprise sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder agent is molasses, soluble condensed molasses, protein, amino acid fermentation by-product, lignin and/or spirits.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lower carbon alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, or 1-8C mixed alcohol. It can be alcohols extracted from industrially recycled methanol, ethanol, or 1-8C mixed alcohol. The active liquid comprises polyacrylamide aqueous solution, sodium lauryl sulfate aqueous solution, or plant soap powder aqueous solution. The solvent comprises industrial C9, C10, No.120 solvent oil, No. 190 solvent oil, No.200 solvent oil, No.1000 solvent oil, or hydrocarbon solvent. The oils comprise fuel oil of kerosene or no-genuine kerosene, diesel oil, plant oil, and/or animal oil. The anti-formaldehyde agent comprises (mass%) inorganic ammonium (0.001-0.1), organic ammonium (0.001-0.1), phosphate (0.005-0.1), urea or polypeptide urea(0.025-0.1), antioxidant (0.0001-0.15), and water (remainder).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modifying agent comprises (mass%) Tween (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester) (31-35), oleic acid (31-35), kerosene (15-25), ammonium hydroxide (17), furan (0.1-2), antirusting agent (2-7), ferrocene (0.01-0.5), or camphor (0.01-0.5). Preferred Method: The method comprises, with stirring at normal temperature, sequentially adding Tween (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester), oleic acid, kerosene, 17% ammonium hydroxide water, furan, antirusting agent, ferrocene and camphor into mixing kettle at addition interval of 5 minutes; stirring for 30 minutes; and uniformly mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The mole ratio of p-toluenesulfonylhydrazided pleuromutilin to sulfydryl tropinealky is 1:1. The mole ratio of sodiumsulfide to bromotropinealkyl is (1-1.25):1, the mole ratio of bromobezene to tropine is 1-3:1, and the mole ratio of p-toluensulfonyl chloride to pleuromutilin is (1-1.3):1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The bola surfactant is prepared by reacting alkyl dihydric alcohol with epoxy chloropropane to obtain alkyl dihydric alcohol diglycidyl ether intermediate product. The alkyl dihydric alcohol diglycidyl ether intermediate product is reacted with trimethylamine hydrochloride to obtain bola surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Cyanate group-containing compound of formula: C(-CN)(-C(=O)-OR1)=C(-SR2)(-SR3) is reacted with hydrogen peroxide, to obtain isothiazole derivative (I). The obtained isothiazole derivative is washed using organic solvent chosen from ethanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, filtered and dried.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The bottom surface of the apparatus has slope structure. The lower portion of the methane fermentation portion has cone or polygonal cone shape. The apparatus has sludge outlet for exhausting sludge which is formed in the methane fermentation collateral. The wastewater inlet pipe extends to the inside of the apparatus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Animal: The crustacean is crab, crawfish or lobster.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves processing a portion of the digestible sludge (10 g/l or more) having pH of 2.5-6.5 by Fenton processing process based on iron ions and hydrogen peroxide (1-20 wt.%) in order to change the property of the sludge. The phosphorus in the sludge is fixed on the returned reforming sludge in the biological processing bath. The iron ion is ferric chloride. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of straw powder and wood tar is 75:80-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alcohols: The alcohol is ethanol or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The equipment is a sealed container or vessel which requires cooling and heating applications.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition includes 3.184-5.015 (preferably 3.980-4.180) mole of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, 0.413-1.032 (preferably 0.516-0.860) mole of 2-methylpropane and 4.904-7.910 (preferably 6.130-6.592) mole of chlorodifluoromethane. The azeotrope-like composition is made by feeding 3.980-4.180 mole of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, 0.516-0.860 mole of 2-methylpropane and 6.130-6.592 mole of chlorodifluoromethane, into a container such as a vessel and discharging it as liquid into any equipment. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises incipient wetness impregnation. Preferred Components: The metal component is present at up to 5 wt.% of (I). The amount of copper in (I) is 1-5 wt.%. The amount of zinc in (I) is 1-5 wt.%. The amount of aluminum in (I) is 1-5 wt.%. The amount of zeolite in (I) is at least 95 wt.%. Preferred Process: The autothermal steam reforming process is performed at 180-280 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano-cuprous oxide and nano-titanium dioxide have nano-grain diameter of 2-100 nm, where mass concentration of nano-dispersing agent is 10-90 wt.%. The mass ratio of nano-cuprous oxide and nano-titanium dioxide is 1:9-9:1. The semiconductor electrode material is fluorine tin oxide and indium tin oxide. The sintering of nano-cuprous oxide and nano-titanium dioxide in the semiconductor material after being mixed is conducted at 40-200 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours at 10-500 Pa. There are 1-6 mixed nanolayers, where single layer of electrode nanolayer is 1-4 mu m thick. The electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate at 0.1-1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The cathode of noble electrode is molybdenum, gold, carbon, and titanium electrodes, or molybdenum or gold noble metal electroplated electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano-cuprous oxide is a dispersing liquid(s) of non-polar solvent and oil-soluble nano-cuprous oxide powder, where non-polar solvent is n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, and 5-18C alkane. The nano-titanium dioxide is dispersing liquid(s) of non-polar solvent of oil-soluble nano-titanium dioxide powder, where non-polar solvent is n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, and 5-18C alkane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The pre-processing comprises adding shiny-leaved yellowhorn oil into processing tank, adding 90-95 degrees C hot water (18-22%), stirring for 15-25 minutes at rotating speed of 60-80 revolutions/minute, boiling, precipitating, and dissolving impurity mixture in fat in water, forming separating layer, discharging lower layer impurity mixture from tank bottom, removing moisture in raw material, and obtaining standard raw oil; and discoloring gas oil comprising flowing to diesel washing tower by gas oil from diesel middle tank, washing by saturated hot water fully from neutral tower, drying by thin film evaporator, adding 3-5% carclazyte, stirring and discoloring at 75-85 degrees C for 0.5-1 hour, filtering and obtaining biodiesel between standard color solution Y5-6, and entering finished product tank. The method of detecting the content of methyl ester is gas chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic metallic compound is an organic lithium compound. The alkyl lithium compound is butyl lithium, methide lithium or aryl lithium. The organic lithium compound is tertiary butyl lithium or normal-butyl lithium. Preferred Process: The lacosamide is prepared by performing O-methylation reaction for 10-24 hours at 0-10 degrees C in the presence of the organic metallic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refractory inorganic oxide support is selected from alumina, calcium, magnesium aluminates, zirconium oxides, lanthanum, cerium, hexa-aluminates and their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Most of the suspended solids are removed by coagulation action of chemical agent; and 50% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are removed. The nitrogen removing process is carried out on the suspended solids in a nitrogen removing tower so as to remove a lot of amino nitrogen; where pH of the outgoing water from the tower is 11.0; and the pH of the wastewater is controlled to 7-8 by adding the acid. The raw sewage carrying rich organic is mixed with the reflowing digestion liquid to carry out denitrification and nitrogen removing. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) is reduced into the N2 by denitrification bacteria. The remaining organics and the ammonia(NH3)-N carried by the raw water are ended to the aerobic pond to be oxidized into the NO3-N and then reflowed to pond A to carry out the denitrification. The big-molecule organic in the raw water is decomposed into the small-molecule organic, which supplies proper carbon source to the denitrification and provides condition to remove the residual organic in the aerobic pond. Pond O is capable of removing the organic pollutant and reducing the BOD concentration in the wastewater. A secondary deposition pond is set behind the A/O process and used for removing the sludge generated during removing the organics so as to obtain the clear water. The secondary deposition pond is capable of reflowing the nitrate mixed liquid based on a reflowing ratio of 300%. The denitrification is carried out on the reflowed liquid in an anoxic pond. Sludge from the primary deposition pond, middle deposition pond and the secondary deposition pond is concentrated by a sludge concentrating pond and dehydrated by the filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation method is none given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lignocellulosic biomass is rice straw. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method is performed at 5-25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The corn powder in the ferment culture medium is replaced by starch, glucose and/or sucrose. The bean pulp in the ferment culture medium is replaced by a ferment extract and/or peptone. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The organic fertilizer producing method involves preparing raw material of fertilizer and stacking (in weight parts) chicken manure (65), peanut shell (15), humic acid (0.2), plant ash (20) and powdered rock phosphate (3) into the fertilizer trough to ferment for 20-25 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): methanol or ethanol (35) as main ingredient, isopropyl alcohol (15), butanol (5), toluene (20), non aromatic raffinate (20) and amyl alcohol (5). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The final fermentation process is performed at 50-60 degrees C. Preferred Bacteria: The aerobic cold active bacterium is Bacillus stearothermophilus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fertilizer is prepared by combining powder agents according to proportion, and putting in a mixing machine to mix for 110 minutes. The mixture is taken out and crushed into 100 meshes of grain in a crusher. The grain is put in the mixing machine to mix for 160 minutes and completely poured in a fermenting pond. Human excrement water is added to the grain according to water ratio of 1:1.5. The mixture is vertically blended evenly to form a pile. The pile is pressed and fermented by a practical cloth cover for 28 hours. A first pile turning process is performed from an upper layer to a lower layer, from the inner layer to the outer layer, from an inner side to outer side and from the outer side to the inner side. The human excrement water is again added according to water ratio of 1:1.5 after the process. The mixture is vertically blended evenly to form a pile. The pile is pressed and fermented by the practical cloth cover for 58 hours. A secondary pile turning process is performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw materials are further added with 0.4-1 weight parts of realgar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The charcoal raw material is obtained from oak, cypress timber, biota Orientalis, Chamacecyparis pisfera, olive tree, spruce, Diospyros kaki, chestnut, Malus pumilavar. dulcissima, Pyrus pyrifolia nakai, peach tree, grape tree, grapefruit, citrus tree, Prunus tomentosa, ginger, jujube tree, japanese apricot, chinese quince, fig tree, apricot tree, pomegranate, ginkgo biloba, walnut tree, spindle tree, kind of birch, Torreya nucifera siebold et zuccarini, Eucommia ulmoide, zelkova, acermono Max, Camellia, Broussonetia Kazinoki, japanese flowering cherry, acasi timber, alder, fir, big-cone pine, linden tree, Cryptomeria japonica, white birch, hackberry, Kalopanax pictus Nakai, aspen, mulberry, peppertree Prick-lyash, oak tree, cinnamon, willow timber, rose of sharon, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Maximowiczia chinensis, ash tree, Aralia elata Seeman, ginger, alder, empress tree, kind of birch, wisteria, arrowroot timber, thymus vulgaris, cornus officinalis, tea tree, forsythia, azalea, dandelion, Houttuynia cordata, rice straw, barley straw, Phragmites communis, garlic, onion and pool. Preferred Components: The charcoal raw material comprises pine, bamboo and juniper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetone or 1,4-dioxane. The alkali is N,N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine and diethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is metal catalyst. The metal catalyst is palladium carbon (10%) or Raney nickel. Preferred Process: The palladium carbon (10%) is inactive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reductant that is utilized in the reduction process is formic acid and ammonium formate. The organic solvent is selected from carbinol, alcohol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, isopropanol or dioxane. Preferred Process: The excessive ammonium formate that is utilized in the method for preparing imatinib intermediate can be removed by water impacting and starching, and the reaction is performed at 20-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer further comprises phosphorus element comprising phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate or calcium superphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biological organic acid comprises hydroxyl acid, carbonyl acid, phenol and/or substituted phenol. The fertilizer further comprises nitrogen element comprising urea and/or ammonium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The organic waste is excrement containing the fowl droppings of pig. The waste residue is obtained from steel manufacturing industries. The ratio of organic waste and waste residue is 1:1-1:3. The method involves mixing the nitrogen fertilizer (4-5 parts weight) with the waste residue (100 parts weight). The organic waste further comprises waste of food products. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ester, chlorinated solvent, and/or aromatic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation(claimed): The new nicotine clothianidin compound preparation method involves reacting callose acyl compound ethanol solution in a mol ratio of 1:1.2 in reaction container. Carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride are dissolved in ethanol solution. The dissolved solution is heated. The reaction is refluxed. Ester and callose aqueous solution are reacted in the mole ratio of 1:1.6 with ethanol, heated and refluxed. Solvent is removed by vacuum. A solid is cooled. A separated solid and ethanol-water solvent are re-crystallized in a ratio of 10:1 to obtain a callose acid compound. A new nicotinic thiamethoxam amine pesticide 1-(2-chloro-5-thiazolemethyl)-3methyl-5-acylamino-hexahydro-2N-methylene amine is prepared by adding the ethanol solution in a reaction container. Hydrazide, clothianidin, and paraformaldehyde are added to the ethanol. The reflux is heated. The hydrazide and thiamethoxam amine are reacted in the ratio of 1:1, cooled, filtered to obtain a filtrate with acetone-ethyl acetate as eluent in the ratio of 2:1. The filtrate is transferred to a chromatographic column purification system to obtain new nicotine clothianidin compound. Preferred Components: The new nicotine clothianidin compound utilized in the preparation of pesticide is prepared in the form of emulsion, aqueous suspension or aqueous emulsion. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method further utilizes solvent, catalyst, alcohol solvent, methylation reagent, water, methylate, sodium bisulfite and acetic acid. The solvent is toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide. The catalyst is potassium hydroxide. The methylation reagent is methyl bromide. The alcohol solvent is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grease comprises animal oil such as lard oil and beef fat, vegetable oil i.e. plant oil, micro algae oil, yeast oil, and waste oil such as restaurant slop oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The type of the macro-porous absorption resin is chosen from AB-8 type, HPD700 type or H-50-type macro-porous absorbing resin. ACTIVITY - Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic; Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The xylitol slag is generated by generating xylitol through using corn core as main raw material. The plant ash is the waste of biological power plant, which uses the straw as raw material.
ACTIVITY - Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Device: The apparatus further comprises rotary shaft extended to a transfer pipe, crush blade, fixing plate, lower portion, inlet, fixing plate, rotary plate and fixing plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aliphatic diamine is 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, 1,3-cyclohexanediamine and/or 1,4-cyclohexanediamine. The dialkyl carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate and/or dibutyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microbes is chosen from Acetobacter aceti, Azotobacter agilis, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Corynebacterium hydrocarbooxydans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc citrovorum, Nocardia salmonicolor, Pseudomonas creosotensis, Rhizobium japonicum, Streptomyces griseus and Thermopolyspora polyspora. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizing agent is chosen from monopotassium phosphate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, citric acid, salicylic acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. The alkali solution utilized in the method is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or ammonia water. The esters or nitriles is ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or methyl cyanide. The anhydride utilized in the method is acetic anhydride, phthalic acid, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride. The reducing agent is sodium hydrosulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium hyposulfite, sodium sulphide or ferrous sulphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The esters or ethers solvent is petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate. The stabilizing agent is citric acid, salicylic acid or ethylene diamine. The ester or ether solvent is benzine or n-butyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises surfactant. Preferred Component: The content of the silver alginate is 0.1-1 parts weight, fucoidan is 1-15 parts weight and surfactant is 0.1-0.6 parts weight respectively. The content of the nicotine is 1-4 parts weight, matrine is 1-10 parts weight and pyrethrin is 1-4 parts weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The pyrethrin is extracted from Pyrethrum flower extract. ACTIVITY - Insecticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is ZSM-5, HZSM-5, Y-type molecular sieve, aluminum oxide or SR-1 type catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass and/or organic wastes include rural crop straws, rice husks, tree branches, bits of wood, bagasse, corncobs, aquatic plants, various wild plants, various starch crops, natural resins, peanut husks, animal or vegetable oils, animal or municipal solid wastes, waste plastics, waste rubbers, nylons, waste engine oils, heavy oils, residual oils, organic solvents, petroleum of poor quality, paints, organic chemical industry wastes, organic sludge, oil sands and/or various organic wastes.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 2-aminobenzazole (III) is obtained by activating benzazole ring compound (I) and amide compound of formula: R7-NH-R6 (IV) with oxidizer under acid condition. The benzazole ring compound (I) (in mol%) (100-120) and amide compound (II) (100) are activated at 25-60 degrees C with oxidizer (100-400) and acid (100-300) for 1-12 hours. Preferred Composition: The oxidizer is peroxide of formula: R8-O-O-R9 or silver compound of formula: AgX'. The solvent used during manufacture of 2-aminobenzazole is 1,4-dioxane or acetonitrile. The acid used during manufacture of 2-aminobenzazole is carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, benzoic acid or its alkyl or aryl derivative.R8,R9= H, 1-10C alkyl, phenyl, ester or sulfonic salt;andX'=halo, sulfate, nitrate, acetate or carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The gas separated from methane liquefier is supplied into an argon liquefier, cooled and rectified to liquefy argon, and liquefied argon is separated from argon liquefier. Gas separated from argon liquefier is transferred into gas purifier and used as regenerated gas of regenerated absorbing agent. Cold energy required by methane liquefier and argon liquefier, is provided by a nitrogen expanding/refrigerating system. The methane gas formed by gasifying liquefied methane is returned to synthesized ammonia tail gas, boosted with synthesized ammonia tail gas, and re-mixed. The synthesized ammonia tail gas includes synthesized ammonia discharged air and synthesized ammonia purged gas. The synthesized ammonia discharged air comprises nitrogen, hydrogen, argon and methane. The synthesized ammonia purged gas comprises nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, methane and ammonia. The harmful gas is ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide gas. The mixed gas has ammonia content of less than 50 ppm and hydrogen sulfide of less than 0.1 ppm. The liquefied methane has methane content of more than 95%. The liquefied argon has argon content of more than 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The decoloring agent is utilized for decoloring for 0.1-3.0 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous absorption resin is chosen from HPD-700 type macroporous absorption resin, H-50 type macroporous absorption resin and a CD-180-type macroporous absorbing resin. The polyamide film is chosen from nylon 66 and nylon 6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The neutral catalyst is magnesium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation process produces air bubbles in fermentation tank. The method involves injecting excrement to the fermentation tank by injection nozzle present in pump inclined at guide plate, where the angle of inclination is 10-20 degrees . ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction temperature in preparation method is 60-80 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Sarcoma protein kinase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Amino butyric acid is subjected to performing, protecting and reducing reaction of amino to obtain amino butanol. Benzyl is used as protecting radical of phenolic hydroxyl syringate that is subjected to refluxing for 6 hours in ethanol-sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and crystallizing to obtain benzyl-protected syringic acid with a yield greater than 90%. Benzyl-protected syringic acid is concentrated with amino butanol to obtain concentrated benzyl-protected syringic acid mixture with 73% yield that is subjected to catalyzing with 10% of palladium hydroxide and reducing the protected motherwort amine with hydrogen to obtain motherwort amine that is reacted to obtain leonurine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent utilized in synthesizing method is water. The cuprous catalyst is chosen from cuprous oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide and/or cuprous chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The substitution reaction is performed at temperature of 10-30 degrees C for 3-48 hours. The mole ratio of cuprous catalyst, ammonia water, aryl boric acid compound and the sulfinate compound is 0.1:2.5:1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-polar organic solvent is chosen from normal hexane, cyclohexane, isooctane or sherwood oil. The polar organic solvent is chosen from ethanol or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The non-polar organic solvent is ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting the mixture (first time) for 1-3 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The washing solvent is ammonia water. The pH value adjusting agent is ammonia water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The L-carnosine is phthaloyl-L-carnosine. The pH value adjusting agent triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anion exchange resin is 711 alkali gel type anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is acetic acid or propionic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester compound (I) to the potassium bromide is preferably 1.00: 1.10-1.00: 1.20. The molar ratio of (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester compound (I) to the ammonium metavanadate is preferably 20.00: 1.00-25.00: 1.00. The molar ratio of (1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester compound (I) to the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 1.00: 3.00-1.00: 5.00. The molar ratio of (5-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester compound (II) to the absolute potassium carbonate is preferably 1.00: 2.00-1.00: 3.00. The molar ratio of (5-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester compound (II) to the n-propenethiol is preferably 1.00: 1.05-1.00: 1.20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The olanzapine is prepared by using solvent i.e. ethanol, and N-methylpiperazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is toluene, xylene, benzene, methylene dichloride, 1,2-methylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide, ether, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-pentane, dioxane, or acetonitrile. The mol ratio of N-amine ethyl pyrrole, aldehyde ketone carbonyl compound, and chiral phosphine acid is 1:(1.2-2):(0.02-0.2). Preferred Method: The pure product is isolated by recrystallization, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, or vacuum distillation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The acidizing process in step (B) utilizes protonic acid including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or organic acid. In step (C), a catalyst consisting of inorganic and/or organic acid is preferably added into the separated crude glycerol layer, and the reaction is carried out at 20-110 degrees C for 3-10 hours. The separation process in step (D) is performed via reduced pressure distillation. The glycerol ketal or acetal or the glycerol aliphatic ester obtained in step (D) maybe added into the biodiesel at a volume ratio of 1-15 % to serve as a pour point depressant in the biodiesel. The volume ratio of the glycerol ketal or acetal and the glycerol aliphatic ester is 0.01-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In step (C), the aldehyde comprises polyformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and/or butyraldehyde; the ketone comprises acetone, butanone, and/or cyclohexanone; and the acid comprises formic acid, acetic acid, and/or long-chain fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermenting agent is chosen from lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, nitrogen fixing bacteria and silicate bacteria strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tobacco waste is chosen from waste tobacco leaf, waste tobacco straw, waste tobacco powder or waste stalk. The bio-bactericide is composite yeast element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycerine of the carboxylic acid (RCOOH) is converted into alcohol (R ' (OH) 3) and an ester compound (R'(RCOO) 3). The oil produces biodiesel fuel by mixing anthracene and paraffinic hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic peroxide, particularly molecular oxygen is also used in the obtaining of acrolein. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber is chosen from activated charcoal, activated clay, kaolinite, zeolite or bentonite. The method utilizes solvent, which is chosen from hexane, petroleum ether, methanol or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The saccharide material is fermented using a microorganism, which is chosen from Clostridium acetobutylicum , Clostridium tetanomorphum , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , ventriculi, Kluyveromyces fragilis , Kluyveromyces marxianus , or Brettanomyces custersii .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biofuel is an alcohol containing carbon (C1-C4) and ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bio-fuel manufacturing method utilizes fermentation organisms chosen from Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium aurantibutylicum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sarcina ventriculi, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Zygomomonas mobilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 or Brettanomyces custersii.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bio-fuel is chosen from ketone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The compost comprises (in vol.%): cocopeat (10-30, preferably 20), peat (15-25, preferably 17), castor meal (10-20, preferably 14), rice bran (15-25, preferably 17), microorganism promoter (1-5, preferably 4), and palm kernel expeller. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is chosen from photosynthetic bacterium, Actinomyces, Bacillus, B.megaterium and yeast. The microorganism promoter is prepared by mixing the microorganism with zeolite and culturing the microorganism in fermentor at 40-45 degrees C for 3-5 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves pulverizing biotite and pottery stone using average particle mill having mesh size of 200-300. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Bacillus cereus or Actinomyces. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inflammable mineral is lignite, peat, bituminous coal and anthracite coal. The alkali aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, aqueous ammonia solution, sodium phosphate solution and/or sodium carbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding water during the sterilizing process. The method further involves adding a nitrogenous fertilizer into the crushed material to maintain a carbon nitrogen ratio before the sterilizing process in a heating and preserving room. The raw material is crushed with the length of 3-5 cm and the thickness of 1-2 mm. The grading sieve with the aperture of 10 mm classifies the organic matter after the sterilizing process, and the classified organic substances are packaged in bags. Preferred Component: The method further utilizes a heat preservation layer for reducing radiation. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The planting soil layer contains expanded clay aggregate, plaster, vermiculite, loamy soil, sawdust, wetting agent, protective agent and nitrogen/phosphoric acid/potash manure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The filter layer contains polypropylene, polyethylene and/or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is formed by using iron salt chosen from iron nitrate or iron chloride.
ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitor.    EXAMPLE - 6,7-Dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride (35 g) was suspended in cool water (2 ml). 3-Dimethylaminomethyl-5-methyl-hexan-2-one (0.56 g) and extra water (1 ml) were added to the resulting solution, where precipitate was formed after one hour. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 2 hours and the obtained solid was further worked up to give 3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrido(2,1-a)isoquinolin-2-one (80% yield) in pure form.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding agricultural waste straw and animal excrements in the ratio of 1:(0.50-0.70), and carbon and nitrogen in the ratio of 15-25. The method further involves adding functional bacteria, trace element, soil modifying agent and/or biological catalysts to the organic fertilizer. Preferred Components: The regrind material produced by vegetable planting comprises vegetable leaves, sweet potato skins and/or water hyacinth powder. The agricultural waste straw mixture is prepared by mixing the regrind material and straws in the ratio of 1:0.50-0.60 for less than 3 minutes. Preferred Bacteria: The functional bacteria are Bacillus megaterium, B.mucilaginosus and/or B.cereus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid acid catalyst is peroxydisulfate ion/zirconia-silicon dioxide and the solid base catalyst is potassium fluoride/alumina. Preferred Method: The roasting of the solid acid catalyst is at 500 degrees C. The solid base catalyst roasting is carried out for 3 hours and the solid acid catalyst roasting is carried out for 4.4 hours. A solid base catalyst potassium fluoride/5A molecular sieve is obtained by impregnation of a potassium hydroxide/5A molecular sieve, a potassium hydroxide/3A molecular sieve and potassium fluoride/alumina 1203, where the load capacity is 0.2 g/g. The reaction temperature of the tubular reactor is 150-180 degrees C. The continuous catalysis is performed for 12-14 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An extractant is provided for extraction of metals, where the extractant is selected from inorganic acids, organic acids or chelating agents. The extractant is citric acid or acetate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic strong alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide. The inorganic calcium salt is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium bicarbonate. The mass concentration of the inorganic strong alkaline solution and the inorganic calcium salt solution is 3-12 (preferably 5-10)%. The amount of the inorganic strong alkaline solution and inorganic calcium salt solution is 0.5-5 (preferably 0.8-3.5)%. Preferred Processes: The reaction temperature of inorganic strong alkaline solution and inorganic calcium salt solution is 60-80 degrees C. The reaction time of inorganic strong alkaline solution and inorganic calcium salt solution is 5-50 (preferably 10-30) minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The TENP buffer comprises tris-base (50 mM), EDTA (20 mM), NaCl (100 mM) and PVP (0.01 g/ml), where pH of the TENP buffer is 10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal bromide is sodium bromide or potassium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The molar feed ratio in the step (A) is 1.0:0.5-0.6:1.0-1.1:1.0-1.1. The reaction time in step (A) is 1-8 (preferably 2-4) hours. The molar feed ratio in step (B) is 1.0:3.1-3.2:0.02-0.06. The reaction time in step (B) is 5-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fertilizer: In biological compound fertilizer, the raw materials of the organic fertilizer manufactured in step (a) are as follows: 6-7 wt.% of modified zeolite powder, 0.8-1 wt.% of brown sugar, 9-10 wt.% of rice bran, 8-10 wt.% of phosphate, 50-52 wt.% of brown coal powder, and the rest is chicken manure or duck manure; the raw materials of the waste organic fertilizer manufactured in step (c) are as follows (parts by wt.): 1000 parts of waste nutritional soil, 5-8 parts of Japanese ferment bacteria or expanded bacterium, 5-6 parts of modified zeolite powder, 13-15 parts of liquid fertilizer residue in drying step of step (b), 18-20 parts of rice bran and 10-12 parts of ore powder. The waste nutrition soil is obtained by: (a) locally sorting the domestic waste filled for many years: detecting out metal, construction waste and plastic product; (b) drying or heating the rest domestic waste after sorting; and (c) vibrating or screening out the particle-shaped, powder-shaped waste nutrition soil, and pulling the waste nutrition soil to the producing factory for further use. The modified zeolite powder is obtained by the following steps: grinding the zeolite as granularity at 180-220 meshes, fermenting for 5 to 6 hours under the temperature condition of 280-320 degrees C, and obtaining the modified zeolite powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The strain is INVSc1/GAP1-(GAP1-xy12-CYC1)-(GAP1-Xy11-CYC1)-CYC1 or INVSc1/GAP1-(GAP1-xy11-CYC1)-(GAP1-xy12-CYC1)-CYC1, where the strain can coexpress the xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of methanol and plant oil or fatty acid is (3:1)-(30:1), or (1:1)-(10:1), and mol ratio of water and plant oil (1:10)-(1:10). The plant oil is soybean oil, colza oil, seed oil, palm oil, palm residue oil, hogwash oil, or fatty acid. Preferred Method: The esterification reaction is carried out at 180-320 degrees C, 10-30 MPa for 20-120 minutes. It is conducted in continuous tubular reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The esterification time during reaction of fatty acid, methanol and sulfuric acid is 60-90 minutes. The esterification time after continuously feeding methanol into the reactor, is 60-120 minutes. The dilute methanol produced by condensation reaction is recycled after purification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of calcium oxide to magnesium oxide to zinc oxide is (1.0-2.8):(1.0-3.5):(1.0-4.1). The mass ratio of calcium nitrate to magnesium nitrate to zinc nitrate is (1.1-2.2):(1.0-7.2):(1.3-8.9). Preferred Process: The drying is performed at 60-150 degrees C for 1-10 hours. The calcining is performed at 600-1000 degrees C for 1-5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Plant oil, solid catalyst and methanol are warmed. The mixture is centrifugally separated to obtain clear liquid. Methanol and water are removed from the clear liquid to obtain biodiesel. The reaction is performed at 40-80 degrees C for 1-8 hours. Methanol and water are removed at 70-110 degrees C for 10-100 minutes. Preferred Composition: The plant oil is plant oil with free fatty acid content of less than 5%. The mass ratio of plant oil to solid catalyst to methanol is 100:(3-5):(10-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hot air divergent device is installed on the bottom of a fermenting tank (6). The hot air divergent device is connected with a main pipeline (4) by a pipe joint b (10). A three-way valve is connected with the main pipe. A solar hot air device and an electric heating hot air device are connected with an air outlet. In the weather without sunshine, the hot air generated by the electric heating hot air device is introduced into a fermentation tank. The fermentation tank storing a straw is provided with a fermentation tank cover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises (in wt.%) fermented cake fertilizer (21.1), biogas residue (45.3), common calcium superphosphate (19.5), potassium nitrate (2.5), borax (0.29), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.85), potassium sulfate (9.7), potassium humate (0.1) and mixed bacterial manure (0.66). The fermented cake fertilizer comprises soybean cake, vegetable seed cake and/or peanut cake, where the cake is obtained after completely fermenting. The biogas residue comprises pig manure (60%) and/or beef manure, and corn straw (40) with a length of 5-8 cm, and/or straw with the length of 5-8 cm, where it is the remaining residue obtained after biogas fermentation. The mixed bacterial manure is prepared by mixing antibiotic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphor-decomposing bacteria and potassium-decomposing bacteria at a ratio of 1:1:1:1, where the number of each bacterium accounts to greater than or equal to 1 million/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass percentage of polyaspartic acid or its salt in the fertilizer is 0.12-0.16%. Preferred Method: The device for preparing solid water-soluble fertilizer comprises (a) passing the filtered air from an air filter (9) to a heater (2) by a blower (1) to be heated, and heating the air, then preheating a spray dryer (5) by filling the air, where the air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is 240-260 degrees C, and air outlet temperature is 110-130 degrees C; (b) atomizing the acidic aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid or its salt which is passed by a feeding pump (3) to a high speed atomizer at a flow rate of 1400-1600 kg/hour, and pumping to a pre-spray dryer; (c) discharging the powdered polyaspartic acid or its salt by an outlet, and collecting in the spray dryer; (d) carrying part of the powdered polyaspartic acid or its salt, where the hot air spray dryer with an air outlet is connected to a cyclone separator, discharging by a gas-solid separation part, and passing to a two dust-removing device, then recollecting the powdered polyaspartic acid or its salt by a discharge port of the cyclone separator; (e) mixing the powdered polyaspartic acid or its salt collected in the steps (c) and (d), where the moisture content of the powder is 5-10%; and (f) stirring, and uniformly mixing polyaspartic acid or its salt with common solid water-soluble fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the earthworm feed is produced by weighing (in wt.%) the human and animal excreta (50-60), the vegetable waste (20-30), phosphorus and potassium mineral powder (10-20), and using an aerobic fermentation agent for performing high-temperature fermentation. In the step (iii), the soil conditioner is produced by taking (in parts by wt.) the earthworm metabolites (5, 6 or 7) and mushroom residue (5, 4 or 3) as raw materials, and sieving using a sieve (diameter 5 mm). In the step (iii), the organic fertilizer is produced by taking the earthworm metabolites (50-70 wt.%) as the raw material, and adding urea, organic phosphate and organic potash. In the step (iii), the seedling substrate is produced by taking the earthworm metabolites as the raw material, adding the mushroom residue, and adding locust metabolite and/or mealworm metabolite. In the step (iii), the biological preparation is produced by grinding Chinese herbal medicinal plants into a powder and mixing with water to obtain a mixture, and mixing the earthworms into the mixture to obtain earthworm enzyme-peptide complex biological preparation. In the step (iv), the red fertilizer is produced by taking the organic fertilizer and the biological preparation obtained form the step (iii), adding water, and stirring for mixing to obtain the red fertilizer. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), water content in the earthworm feed is 65-75 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong oxidizing catalyst is sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic basic catalyst utilized for the condensation reaction and hydrolysis reaction is chosen from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The esters solvent utilized for the brominating reaction and the condensation reaction is chosen from methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl acetate. The method utilizes an initiator chosen from dibenzoyl peroxide and azodiisobutyronitrile for the brominating reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The plant defoliant is cotton defoliant. The concentration of the sprayed coronatine aqueous solution in is 100-300 mg/l, and the concentration of the sprayed cotton defoliant aqueous solution is 100-300 mg/l. The boll opening rate is 40-50%. Preferred Method: The coronatine is obtained by fermented coronatine-producing strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The drying step comprises freeze drying or spray drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The annexing agent comprises (in wt.%) solubilizing agent (0.5-1) comprising polybasic isoamylol (0.25-0.6) and monobasic fatty alcohol (0.25-0.7). The annexing agent further comprises (in wt.%) energy-increasing consumption reducing agent (1-2.5) comprising C9-12 alkane (0.1-1.5), refined coal tar oil (0.1-1) and anhydrous hydrazine (0.2-1). The annexing agent further comprises (in wt.%) anti-oxygen (0.3-0.5) comprising surface active agent phosphoric acid (0.05-0.2), amide (0.1-0.16), dimethoxy (0.1-0.15) and decanoic acid (0.1-0.2). The annexing agent further comprises (in wt.%) metal corrosion inhibitor (0.5-1) comprising 1,2aminoazophenylene (0.1-0.5) and organic amine (0.1-0.4). The annexing agent further comprises (in wt.%) rubber swelling inhibitor (0.4-1) comprising ferrocene (0.1-0.4), organic amine (0.1-0.25) and ethyl acetate (0.1-0.35).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The regulator is a mixture of tetramethyl glutaric acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) and 5-nitroguaiacol in a mass ratio of 1:1-3:1-2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The preparation includes: mixing all the materials according to above mentioned proportion, adding into a stirrer to stir for 500 minutes, crushing into powder after taking out, taking out and pouring into fermentation pool stacked in piles, compacting tightly and covering with a plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting for 160 hours, turning for the first time, when turning adding manure in the ratio of 1:1 by turning on one side, turning upwards, outside and inside, inside and outside, and turning downwards, spattering the manure uniformly, after turning covering with a plastic cloth, compacting, continuously fermenting the manure for 160 hours, maintaining the fermenting temperature for more than 90 degrees C, later once every 160 hours, turning every time by adding manure in the ratio of 1:1, overturning the upper layer to lower layer, inner layer to outer layer, and turning 7 times to obtain the pure fertilizer culture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nitrogen is input to a system to remove hydrogen chloride produced by the acetylation reaction. Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali further comprises sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and/or potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent for acetylation reaction of the 3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylsulfonyl)-1,2,4-triazole and triphosgene (immobilized phosgene) or diphosgene and diethylamine includes aprotic solvent of benzene, chloralkane, ether or ester. The method utilizes an acid catcher i.e. organic or inorganic alkali, where the organic alkali comprises pyridine, triethylamine, nitrogen substituted phenylamine, 1,5-diazbicyclo(5.4.0)-5-undecylene, 1,5-diazbicyclo(5.3.0)-5-nonylene, and/or 1,4-diazbicyclo(2.2.2)-octane. The inorganic alkali comprises sodium acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium and/or Bacillus mucilaginosus. The plant source cake comprises soybean cake, peanut cake, sunflower cake, sesame cake, rape seed cake and/or cottonseed cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The citrus peel is obtained from orange juice waste residue obtained during industrial process. The biological strain is a viable bacterial strain with greater than or equal to 2x 109 colony forming units (cfu)/g of crude fiber degradable composite strain. The total viable bacteria is greater than or equal to 2.3x 109 cfu/g of compost composite strain. The total viable function strain is greater than or equal to 2.5x 1010 cfu/g. The crude fiber degradable special complex strain utilizes green Trichoderma. The composting complex strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus natto. The function strain is Azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, and antibiotic resistant bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer of ginseng comprises (in parts by wt.) the sawdust (40), chicken manure (15), soybean curd residue (15), bark (15) and corn powder (15). Preferred Method: In the step (i.a), the material is ventilated everyday using a ventilator for 60-150 minutes. In the step (ii), Bacillus subtilis biological agent is added to the chicken manure according to 6% of the total weight of the chicken manure. The method comprises (i) fermenting the materials by (i.a) mixing the sawdust, corn powder, soybean curd residue and bark powder according to the proportion, turning the materials in the turning tank for 20 days, and ventilating the material through the ventilator for 100 minutes, and (i.b) preserving the fertilizer by piling the turned materials to preserve the fertilizer, turning in every 10 days for 5-12 months, (ii) fermenting the chicken manure in the fermenting tank, adding Bacillus subtilis biological agent, turning once in every 5-7 days continuously for 60-120 days, and after decomposition, storing for future use, and (ii) processing the decomposed material by mixing it with the fermented chicken manure in a ratio of 15% according to total amount of the chicken manure, crushing, and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adjusting water, temperature and nitrogen and supplying bacteria; culturing and breeding the solid nitrogen biological flora; and maximizing the number of the flora. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The Bacillus is B. licheniformis or B. subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fresh biogas liquid is taken from a biogas fermentation pool normally producing gas for more than 3-6 months. The waste molasses can be added in the fresh biogas liquid in the volumetric ratio of 1-15% (W/V). The Bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are inoculated into the fresh biogas liquid in the inoculating density of 1x 104 to 1x 106/mL. Shaking fermentation is performed at 100-200 revolutions/minute at 20-37 degrees C for 1-6 days. The biogas liquid fertilizer with mixed bacteria after the fermentation is stored at normal temperature for 6-8 months; or kept at 2-8 degrees C for 10-12 months. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The compound strains comprises Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum, Azotobacter, metabolite of Actinomycete, Nocardia, Gibberella, Trichoderma, or basidiomycetes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer is prepared by:(A) adding biomass substrate in a domestication pool; respectively placing (mass %) composite microbial inoculum (0.1-0.5), calcium superphosphate (0.1-0.4), magnesium sulfate (0.2-0.5), and potassium chloride (0.1-0.4); uniformly mixing, cultivating for 3-7 days at 15-35 degrees C, separating, and uniformly stirring; continuously domesticating cultivating for 15-30 days at 15-35 degrees C at a pH of 6.5-7.5, and acclimatizing to obtain iminodiacetonitrile waste residue stack of the fermentation microbial inoculation bacterium source;(B) preprocessing waste residue of iminodiacetonitrile at 15-85 degrees C, and crushing;(C) pre-treating the waste residue base material of polypropylene resin to the biomass substrate at a mass ratio of 1:2-5, and fermenting for 15-45 days at 15-85 degrees C; and(D) fermenting.Preferred Component: The iminodiacetonitrile waste slag of the nitrile compound is an aliphatic nitrile compound. The aliphatic compound comprises hydroxy acetonitrile, glycine nitrile, iminodiacetonitrile, and/or triethoxy nitrile. The biological substance comprises a crop straw powder biomass substrate, residues of edible fungi cultivation after waste fungus bag slag, sugar process of bran shell dregs, wood processing in saw milling powder, and animal microorganism remains. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The seaweed extract is obtained by crushing seaweed raw material into 1x 1-4x 4 cm sections, or directly using seaweed powder; preparing complex enzyme solution comprising alginate lyase (0.1-1 wt.%) and cellulase (0.1-1 wt.%); mixing the crushed seaweed or seaweed powder with the complex enzyme solution at weight ratio of 1:3-1:11; under stirring condition and at temperature of 35-55 degrees C, degrading the seaweed under the action of the complex enzyme for 1-6 hours; and then cooling the seaweed to room temperature, centrifuging the seaweed, and drying the supernatant. The seaweed is naturally wild or artificially cultured seaweed including fresh dry sea-tangle, dry gulfweed or dry sea mustard. Preferred Method: The raw material is crushed into 40-80 meshes. Drying is performed until the water content is 1-3%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The bulking agent is prepared by chopping straws, corn straws, green grass and rice bran, stirring the mixture uniformly with excrement having water content of 30-40% in a ratio of 1:10, and stacking and fermenting for 5-7 days. The leavening agent is prepared by stirring (in %): rice bran (14.5), dried cakes (14), bean dregs (13), brown sugar (8), yeast powder (0.5-1) and water (50), heating the mixture at 25-45 degrees c, hydrolyzing, filtering and concentrating the obtained material into 55 wt.%, and sterilizing the product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The pre-processing process is a drying process for compressing the process gas to 2.2-3.8 MPa, cooling to 5 to - 40 degrees C, and removing acidic gas, oxygen-containing component and water. The temperature of the absorbing agent is preferably 5 to - 40 degrees C. The upper part of the methane removing tower is provided with an intermediate cooler for reducing the use amount of absorbing agent and the cold load of condenser at the top of tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The S. cochinchinensis seed is leguminosae comprising Ranunculus ternatus bean or mucuna velvet bean (chesneya bean, velvet bean) or black skin mucuna bean.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic salt is a water-soluble inorganic salt comprising composites of ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid-liquid reaction method uses a three-phase extraction system of an inorganic saline solution, a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-insoluble organic solvent assisted by a composite. The pH of the solution is adjusted to be 4 by hydrochloric acid. The water-insoluble extractant comprises composites of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol, and the added amount is 1-1.5 times or 3.5-4.5% than the weight of the raw material seed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble extractant comprises composites of ethyl alcohol, methyl polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl glucan, methylcellulose, glucan, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid and its derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite additives include (in mass %) oleic acid (0-3), normal butanol (0-3), methylal (0-3), diisopropyl ether (0-2), isooctyl nitrate (0-2), isooctanol (0-3), ferrocene (0-2), glycol dimethyl ether (0-1) and 1,2-propanediol dimethyl ether (0-1). The methanol diesel oil further comprises (in mass %) castor oil (0-20), fusel oil (5-40), and hydrogenated castor oil (0-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is attapulgite. The binder may be bentonite. The adsorbent is silica, calcium carbonate, kieselguhr, talc powder, and/or bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlorpyrifos is technical grade or in the form of emulsifiable concentrate. The imidacloprid is technical grade or in the form of high-grade powder. The stabilizer is organic phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hydroxy acid, and/or triphenylphosphate. The synergist is phosphorus, methyl phosphate, organic silicon, or ether. The coloring agent is acid brilliant scarlet, methyl violet, acid red B, magenta, light violet, and/or light green.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant is lignosulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, pulp waste liquid, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and/or alkylphenol ethoxylate. The binder is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitin, dextrin, and/or starch ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The blocking agent is acetic acid. The acetic acid concentration is 1-3%. Preferred Process: The production comprises soaking in 1.5% acetic acid, dipping, extracting extract by nanofiltration membrane nanofiltration, nanofiltration filtrate repeatedly applying, entering nano-filtration trapped fluid into decoloring column decoloring, absorbing, alkali washing, alcohol washing, releasing alcohol, concentrating, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The culture medium comprises glucose, soybean peptone, corn starch, and yeast powder. The strain is Streptomyces natalensis and Streptomyces chattanoogensis. Preferred Process: The mother liquor is recycled for use in the next cycle of the production process of natamycin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heating temperature is 170-180 degrees C, where the temperature is maintained for 2-5 hours. The heating process is carried out in a closed environment with an opening in the presence of nitrogen or under decompression at 0 to -0.09 Mpa. X-ray powder diffraction of bupropion hydrobromide crystalline form is performed, where the X-ray diffraction peak values are 6.5, 12.4, 13.7, 14, 14.6, 22.8, 23.5, 23.8, 24.7, 25.3 and 26 plus minus 0.2 represented by 2 theta .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The assistant comprises (in wt. parts) cyclopentyl ferrocene (6-17), carbon dodecanol (5-12), oleic acid (8-25), acetone (1-6), n-butanol (1-1.5) and isobutanol (0.5-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises (in wt %) a solubilizer (0.5-1.5) comprising multi-isoamylol (0.25-0.8) and unitary fatty alcohol (0.25-0.7). The additive further comprises (in wt %) an energy consumption reduction agent (1-2.5) comprising C9-12 alkane (0.3-1.5), refined coal tar (0.1-1) and water callose (0.2-1). The additive further comprises (in wt %) an antioxidant (0.4-0.5) comprising surfactant acid (0.05-0.14), amide (0.1-0.2) and methyl acid (0.1-0.16). The additive further comprises (in wt %) a metal corrosion inhibitor (0.2-1) comprising styrene-acrylate triazole (0.05-0.5) and organic amine (0.1-0.4). The additive further comprises (in wt %) a rubber swelling inhibitor (0.3-1) comprising dicyclopentadienyl iron (0.1-0.3), organic amine (0.1-0.4), preservative (0.05-0.25) and ethyl acetate (0.05-0.35).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The mixture comprises crab pool mud, cow dung, starch, white limestone powder, carbon dust, and crop straw at 30%:30%:5%:5%:15%:15% ratio. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The assist agent is chosen from methanol, ethanol or dimethoxymethane. The catalysis combustion-supporting agent is chosen from ferrocene and benzoyl peroxide. Preferred Composition: The micro-emulsifier is prepared by oleic acid, ethanol, aethylenimin, triethanolamine at a ratio of 74-80:10-18:8-10:8-10. The solubilizer is composed of oleic acid and ethanol at a ratio of 15-30:70-85.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is chosen from agricultural waste including corn straw, paddy rice straw or sorghum straw, waste obtained during processing wood material of a tree in a forest, and processing waste including sugarcane residue, oil residue or fruit peel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon sol comprises (in mass %) silicon dioxide (30-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises collecting bean cake powder and dry sheep manure, transferring into a crusher to crush into powder, taking out, adding pine needle powder, hawthorn powder, balsam pear powder, mulberry powder and liquorice powder, pouring the mixture into a crusher to crush into particles of about 60 meshes, adding Chrysanthemum stem powder, Pinellia, towel gourd leaf powder and bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa, pouring into a stirrer, stirring for 220 minutes, taking out, uniformly stirring, adding manure in a ratio of 1:3.5, piling, pre-humidifying for 90 hours, pouring into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 7 days, adding manure and water in a ratio of 1:1.8, uniformly stirring, piling, firmly covering by a plastic cloth, compressing, fermenting at more than 90 degrees C, turning the pile once, subsequently turning the pile for 10 days, 7 days, 5 days and 2 days, totally turning the pile for 5 times, adjusting the manure water in a ratio of 1:1.8, turning the upper layer of the culturing material to the lower layer, turning the inner layer to the outer layer, and obtaining the qualified culture material after the culture material is uniform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The machine further comprises a resistor controller coupled to the processor for biochemical organic fertilizer granulator. The temperature control device is a water bath heating or electric heating, which is automatically adjusts the temperature during biochemical treatment. Preferred Components: The efficient microbial utilizes culture medium comprising peptone. The bacterium is sensitive to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, erythrocin, norfloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, midecamycin and cefuroxime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The method for manufacturing fertilizer involves anaerobic fermentation of Ulva pertusa and Brassica campestris using bacteria selected from Lactobacillus or Paenibacillus.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The plate frame filtrate and plate frame washing liquid can be filtered by roll ultra-filter membrane or tube ultra-filter membrane. The secondary condensation uses reverse osmosis membrane with 50-100 retention molecular weight.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membrane filter is polysulfone film, polyethylene membrane, polyether sulfone membrane, cellulose acetate membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, polyamide membrane, or compound membrane. The plate ultrafilter membrane has 10000-100000 retention molecular weight. The roll ultrafilter membrane and tube ultrafilter membrane has 10000-100000 retention molecular weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The auxiliary material comprises conditioner, bulking agent, and heavy metal deactivator at 12.5-38:14.5-35:1.5-6.5, preferably 12.5:14.5:4.5 weight ratio. The conditioner is sawdust, straw, leaves, and/or feces. The bulking agent is wood, short straw, peanut shell, and/or fly ash. The sludge in step (A) is residual sludge from urban sewage or treatment plant sludge having water content of 70-80%. The fermenting bacteria in step (B) are yeast bacteria powder. The drying step in (E) is conducted at 70-80 degrees C for 20-30 minutes. The cooling temperature in step (E) is 20-25 degrees C. The fermentation medium has carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which is controlled at 20:1-35:1, and water content of 40-65 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heavy metal deactivator is fly ash, calcium superphosphate, and/or slag containing calcium and magnesium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves drying the livestock waste until the moisture content of the waste reaches 5-50%. The method further involves heating the liquid at 50-90 degrees C, steaming the heated mixture, collecting second liquid component, and cooling the collected liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is quat. ammonium compound of formula R1-(R4)N(R2)-R3 X-. The quat. ammonium compound catalyst is dimethyldioctyl ammonium chloride, dimethyldidecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyldioctadecylalkyl ammonium chloride, trimethyldocosane ammonium chloride, triethyltetracosane ammonium chloride, trimethylhexacosane ammonium chloride, trimethyloctacosane ammonium chloride, dimethyloctadecane ammonium chloride, methyltriheptyl ammonium chloride, methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride, methyltrinonyl ammonium chloride, methyltridecyl ammonium chloride, tetraoctyl ammonium chloride, tetranonyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl ammonium chloride, octadecanetrioctyl ammonium chloride, methyldotriacontyl ammonium chloride, methyltetratriacontane ammonium chloride, methyl hexatriacontane ammonium chloride, methyloctatriacontane ammonium chloride, methyltrioctyl ammonium nitrate, methyltrioctyl ammonium bisulfate, methyltrioctyl ammonium chlorate, methyltrioctyl ammonium hydroxide, methyltrioctyl ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, methyltrioctyl ammonium acetate, methyltrioctyl ammonium carbonate, methyltrioctyl ammonium hydrogen carbonate, methyltrioctyl ammonium mesylate, or methyltrioctyltrifluoro ammonium mesylate.R1-R4=alkyl or aralkyl, where the sum of the carbon atoms contained in the R1-R4 is 20-55; andX=NO3, (SO4)1/2, HSO4, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, (CO3)1/2, HCO3, HCO2, CH3CO2, (PO4)1/3, (HPO4)1/2, H2PO4, ClO4, IO4, ClO3, BrO3, IO3, CH3SO3, C6H5SO3, CH3C6H4SO3, or CF3SO3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The acid is one or more of oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, muriatic acid and phosphoric acid. The filter aid is one or more of pearl stone, kieselguhr, cellulose, emathlite, activated carbon and asbestos. The alkali is one or more of sodium hydroxide, ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The carrier is one or more of rice hull meal, maize core meal, bran powder, wheat bran, alfalfa powder and calcium carbonate. Preferred Method: The step (a) is performed at 60-70 degrees C. The pH is adjusted to 10.5-11.5 using alkali. The pH is adjusted to 6-7 using diluted sulfuric acid. The air inlet temperature is 170-180 degrees C and outlet temperature is 90-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous resin is AB-8, NKA-9 or Mitsubishisp-207.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Mass ratio of compound (III) and paraformaldehyde is 1: 0.7-1. The mol ratio of compound (III) and ether is 1: 0. 2-0.3. The ratio of compound (IV) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 1: 4. The ratio of compound (IV) and acid is 1: 15. The ratio of compound (IV) and sodium formate is 1:2.5. The ratio of compound (V) and alcohol is 1:3. The halogenated hydrocarbon is ethyl ether, isopropyl, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran or dioxane from methylene dichloride, trichloromethane or 1, 2-methylene dichloride, ether or cyclic, of below 4C atoms selected from acetone, butanone or methylisobutylketone. The nitrile is ethylnitrile or propylnitrile. The catalyst is the mixture of triphenyl phosphine, DEAD, and triphenyl phosphine at a mol ratio of 1.2: 1.2: 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The pre-reaction comprises adding methanol and acid catalyst while mixing to perform reaction of reducing acid value, at 45-80 degrees C for 3-8 hours, at concentration of 10-25 wt.% of methanol, acid catalyst at 0.1-4 vol.%, and acid catalyst comprising concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or phosphoric acid; and static placing for 0.5-6 hours, output voltage of the static generator of 10000-30000 V, heating for 2-10 hours at 50-90 degrees C, and reacting material until acid value at 2-30 mg potassium oxide (KOH)/g, and moisture rate of 3-4%. The acid catalyzing reaction comprises sequentially adding methanol and acid catalyst while mixing, for 4-8 hours, at 45-80 degrees C; acid catalyst comprising concentrated sulfuric acid, at 0.01-1 vol.%; and concentration of methanol at 2-8 vol.% of the crude oil. The layering water-washing comprises standing and layering for 0.5-6 hours under static field, at 10000-30000 V, water concentration of upper material water washing treatment at 10-25 vol.%, and water washing for 2-5 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of sodium borohydride, content of aluminum powder and content of alkali is 20-70%, 25-75%, and 1-10%, respectively. The catalyst is VIII group transition metal salt including iron, cobalt and nickel as non-noble metal and/or ruthenium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum as noble metal. The content of transition metal is 0.1-15 wt.%. The alkali is sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. The weight ratio of solid fuel and liquid fuel is 1:1-4. Preferred Property: The particles of aluminum powder have diameter of 1-1000 mu m. Preferred Process: Hydrogen is manufactured in a reactor made of stainless steel or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weak-polar or non-polar solvent is carbon tetrachloride or trichloromethane. The mass ratio of para-nitrotoluene, reducing iron powder and iodine is 30:2.0-5.6:0.1-0.5. The mass ratio of 2,6-dichlone-4-nitrotoluene and sodium hydrogen sulfite is 1:1-2. The concentration of hypophosphorous acid solution is 25-35. Preferred Process: The mixture is washed by sodium hydroxide (2-10%). The hypophosphorous acid solution is extracted via chloroform, and washed with sodium hydroxide solution with concentration of 5-15. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boride is sodium borate, and silicide is silicon dioxide. The molecular sieve is a 4A molecular sieve. The metal is iron, tungsten, molybdenum, aluminum, nickel, titanium or vanadium. The auxiliary components are chosen from one or more mixture of any two of 4A molecular sieve and silicon dioxide. Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing organic solvent or its mixture as reaction solvent. The method involves using 30 %mass of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic oxidation reaction is performed at -30 to 30 degrees C. The content of hydrogen peroxide is 0.5-3 times to the mole number of the raw material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from methanol, alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, methylbenzene and dichloromethane. Preferred Method: The method involves adding compound metal oxide catalyst, raw material and reaction solvent into a reaction container, mixing and controlling the temperature of the mixture to -30 to 30 degrees C, preferably -10 to 10 degrees C, adding hydrogen peroxide to the mixture, reacting the mixture, and separating and purifying the product. The ratio of the compound metal oxide catalyst and the raw material is 0.1-5:1 (in %mass). The concentration of reaction solvent is 20-30 ml/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the ZnO/ZnAl2O4 catalyst, the atomic ratio of zinc to aluminum is 0.5: 1-2.5: 1 (preferably 0.5:1-0.6:1). The catalyst is prepared by co-precipitation method. The catalyst is preferably prepared by firstly co-precipitating to prepare the zinc aluminate with particle diameter of 5-15 nm; and highly dispersing the zinc oxide on the zinc aluminate with in dipping method, where the mol ratio of the zinc oxide to zinc aluminate is greater than 0-0.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 420-450 degrees C; the reaction air speed is 3000-20000 /hour; and the mixing mol ratio of water to methanol is 1.2-1.6. The separation comprises separating the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide mixed gas by using palladium separator at 420-450 degrees C, and obtaining hydrogen (H2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ammonia water absorbing groove comprises a tail gas discharging port. The heat exchanger comprises a liquid ammonia inlet and a gas ammonia outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The activation nutrient solution generator comprises activating nutritional liquid tank, stirring device, and nutrient solution injection port. The nutritional liquid tank is connected with water inlet pipe and water. The rotten decomposing device comprises tank, stirring device, feeding port provided on top of decomposing tank, inlet provided with sealing cover, spraying device provided inside of decomposing tank through liquid outlet of pipe pump and activation nutrient solution generator, compressed gas inlet provided on upper part of decomposing tank, and compressed air inlet is connected with pipeline to air compressor. The rotary drying device comprises supporting wheel that supports rotating barrel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing rapeseed cake powder, rabbit manure, wheat straw powder, rice husk powder, wood ash powder, carrot leaf powder, soybean stem and mulberry leaf powder into particles of 300 meshes; then adding licorice powder, bone powder, fertilizer, and plantain seed powder; mixing for 300 minutes; adding water; and putting into a fermenting tank, stacking, covering with plastic sheet tightly, fermenting for 120 hours, and pressing fermented material. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing dry cow manure, rabbit manure, soybean cake powder, rice husk powder, wood ash powder, and peanut stem leaf powder, then crushing into particles of 500 meshes, adding the pine needle powder, rice straw powder, fertilizer, garlic powder, and safflower powder, mixing for 300 minutes, taking out and putting into a fermenting tank, adding water, covering with plastic sheet, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the material. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The kitchen waste comprises (in %) potato (10-15), rice (10-25), carrot (10-25), leaves (5-10), meat (3-8), soybean (15-25) and inoculated soil (15-25). Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the ventilation rate is 1.5-3 l/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the mass ratio of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate compound salt to the kitchen waste is 0.0471. In the step (iv), the mass ratio of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate compound salt to the kitchen waste is 0.0428.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is 3-5%, and the sulfuric acid is 10-30%. In the step (ii), drying the filtered solid crystal at the drying temperature of 30-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer contains barium-cerium oxide or strontium-cerium oxide doped with yttrium, gadolinium, tin, europium and ytterbium. The porous catalyst layer contains platinum, barium oxide, calcium oxide, lithium oxide and strontium oxide. The methane-oxygen generator further contains carbon dioxide-methane reactive layer containing barium carbonate or strontium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide and/or triethylamine, and the addition quantity of the solvent is 1-5% of the weight of methyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The vapor reformer is made of stainless steel, fecralloy, nickel alloy, titanium (Ti) alloy or copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material are palladium, silver, iridium, molybdenum, nigel and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute formic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of ZnO to ZnAl2O4 is (2-8):100. Silicon oxide (SiO) is loaded on the surface of the ZnAl2O4 in an amorphous highly-dispersed state. The average grain diameter of ZnO is 10-30 nm; and the average grain diameter of spinel ZnAl2O4 is 5-15 nm. 7. The concentration of the zinc-aluminum in the raw material mixed water solution is 0.5-1 mol/L. The concentration of the ammonia water or soluble carbonate water solution is 0.5-1 mol/L. Mass concentration of the soaking liquid zinc nitrate water solution is 1-5%. Preferred Method: The aging time is 0.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The low-temperature anti-sulfur conversion adopts anti-sulfur cobalt molybdenum catalyst by taking regenerated spinel as carrier to convert. The deformation absorbing process comprises deformation absorbing desulfuration, denitrification section, and deformation absorbing hydrogen extracting section. The non-absorbing phase of desulfuration, denitrification section is in hydrogen extracting section. The hydrogen is obtained from the non-absorbing phase of hydrogen extracting section. The low-temperature anti-sulfur converting process is used for adjusting carbon monoxide converting rate. The ratio of the gas amount of synthesis ammonia raw material gas and the refined fuel gas is adjusted. The purity of the high purity hydrogen is greater than or equal to 99.97%. The impurity total sulfur in high purity hydrogen is less than 0.1 ppm. The carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the synthesis ammonia raw material gas are less than or equal to 10 ppm and are directly come to the synthesis ammonia reaction system. The tail gas contains methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The heating system is heated by tabulation heat exchanger and the heat source is steam. The pore diameter of the dynamic film is 0.5-2.0 mu m. The film channel is a bending channel. The channel flows under gravity. The water pressing head is 3-15 cm of water and the film flux is 30 l/m2/hour. The sludge loading in the dynamic film bioreactor in the pond is 0.2-0.5 kg biological oxygen demand/(kg mixed liquor suspended solids/day). The sludge concentration in the reactor is 4-10 g/l, and the volume loading is controlled within 0.5-2 kg chemical oxygen demand/(m3/day). The volume of the central pond is water quantity of 30 minutes of dynamic film bioreactor. Preferred Components: The filter film is a nano filter film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coagulant is ferric sulfate, polyferric sulfate, polyaluminum ferric chloride or aluminum polychloride. The flocculant is polyacrylamide, poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) or sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method for pretreating fermenting materials, the water content in the pretreatment mixture is 65-75%. The inorganic acid is selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid; the inorganic alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. In step (d), cultivation is performed at 37 degrees C for 48 hours with a stirring rate of 100 rpm. In step (e), the pre-fermentation is performed at 24-28 degrees C for 24 hours. In step (f), the regular methane fermentation is performed at 16-18 degrees C, and the water content of the mixture is 92-94%. The pre-fermenting material is selected from animal husbandry waste, crops straw or house refuse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The PDA culture medium comprises (in g/l): potato (200), glucose (20) and agar-agar (1.5-2), where the pH of the medium is 6, and the medium is sterilized at 110-125 degrees C under high-pressure for 15-30 minutes. The PDB culture medium comprises above-mentioned components excluding agar-agar. Preferred Method: Rosin (0.1-0.3 g) is added to every 200 ml of PDA culture medium, where the inducer is prepared by dissolving the rosin in 5-8 ml of 95% of cosolvent, preferably alcohol. The biological transformation is performed at 26-30 degrees C, 120-128 revolutions per minute for 72-96 hours. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Antiviral; Cytostatic; Antiemetic; Antiallergic; Immunosuppressive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises connecting high-speed countercurrent chromatography apparatus with evaporative light scattering detector; mixing n-butyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, and aqueous ammonium acetate solution to form mixed solvent; dissolving garlic steroid saponin into mixed solvent; delaminating mixed solvent using upper phase as fixed phase and using lower phase as fluid phase; pumping fixed phase and fluid phase into high-speed countercurrent chromatography apparatus; conveying solution into chromatography column through sampling valve; continuously pumping fluid phase; respectively collecting separated substances according to spectrum of evaporative light scattering detector; and concentrating to obtain four garlic steroid saponins (I), (II), (III), and (IV). The method further comprises crushing garlic scales and stems; using 70-100% aqueous ethanol solution and 70-100% aqueous methanol solution for refluxing and extracting; decompressing and concentrating to obtain crude garlic steroid saponin; dissolving crude garlic steroid saponin with water; filling into macroporous absorption resin; eluting by ethanol; and decompressing and concentrating to dry state to obtain steroid saponin. The high-speed countercurrent chromatography apparatus has flow range of 0.5-3 ml/minute and rotation speed of 600-1000 revolutions per minute. Preferred Component: The concentration of aqueous ammonium acetate solution is 5-15 mM. The volume ratio of n-butyl alcohol to glacial acetic acid and aqueous ammonium acetate solution is 3-5:1:4-6. The concentration of garlic steroid saponin dissolved in solvent is 10-20 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The anode of direct liquid fuel cell contains catalyst chosen from platinum, gold, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, tungsten, tin, bismuth and their alloys, preferably nickel, cobalt, iron and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound (A) is ethanol, and the organic compound (B) is formic acid or alkyl formate. The electrolyte of direct liquid fuel cell is alkaline electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The microwave reforming chamber is provided with a semi-coke charging port, a steam supplementing opening, and an oxygen supplying port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The chicken manure, soybean dregs and sawdust are mixed uniformly to obtain co-composting. The farmland ginseng planting soil conditioner (5-30 kg/square meter) is spread on the surface of a ginseng bed soil, plowed repeatedly, and uniformly mixed with the ginseng bed soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The particle size of the compost is 300 nm, 240 nm or 100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ammonium salt is ammonium bicarbonate. The bleaching agent is mixture of bentonite, hydrogen peroxide solution, and potassium permanganate at a mass ratio of 3:2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Amine salt is added until the pH is 4-5. The bleaching agent is active carbon. The filtered ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution is heated in a reaction boiler through a coil pipe, and mixed. Air is sucked and air bubbles are blown, followed by cooling and crystallizing at 100-110 degrees C and 35 degrees Be. The crystallized semi-finished product is centrifuged. Water is extruded and discharged if the water content is 3-5%. The material is dried until the water content of the product is 0.2-0.3% to obtain the finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 4C hydrocarbon raw oil contains more than 50 % of C4 olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) orderly adding above-mentioned components chosen from monosodium glutamate waste, lees, plant straw, and castor cake to crusher, (b) adding the crushed raw materials, and components chosen from livestock and poultry excrement, canal mud, plant ash and organic fertilizer leaven into fermentation vat, adding water, uniformly stirring mixture, and subjecting the mixture to fermentation for 10 days in summer, or 30 days in winter, (c) adding organic deodorizer into the fermentation vat, uniformly stirring mixture to remove bacteria and smell from fermented product, (d) transferring the processed water containing organic fertilizer from the fermentation vat into mixing slot through slurry pump, (e) crushing potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, urea and zinc sulfate in crusher, uniformly stirring the crushed product, and transferring crushed product to the mixing slot, where water content of the product is low, and (f) granulating the mixed product into granulator, drying the granulated product in dryer, cooling the dried granulated product to obtain organic-inorganic compound fertilizer granules. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Machine: The molding machine has base, bottom surface, frame, pressing plate and compression bar, where the frame is located on the bottom surface and movably connected with the rectangular frame having multiple lattices arranged in middle part at an equal intervals, where two ends of the multiple lattices are fixedly connected with two sides of the frame, and lower screw nut arranged on rear side of the frame and fixedly connected with the frame, lower screw nut rotatably connected with lower lead screw, lower end of the lower lead screw fixedly connected with output shaft of lower motor fixed in the lower part of the base, upper lead screw arranged on one side of the lower lead screw in parallel, upper lead screw rotatably connected with upper screw nut, lower end of the upper lead screw fixedly connected with the output shaft of upper motor fixed in the lower part of the base, upper screw nut fixedly connected with the compression bar, and bottom end of the compression bar fixedly connected with pressing plate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The organic fertilizer is applied at 450-500 kg/mu (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Step (a) is performed by grinding straws, bamboos, woods, branches, wood chops, saw dusts, rice husk, rich hull and/or chaff slag into 1-15 mm particles and then mixing it with the animal manure at (1:5)-(1:1) quantity ratio. Step (b) is performed by naturally drying the animal manure to 30-50 % moisture content and then pelleting in an impeller dryer or a rotary furnace to obtain dried particles with 20-40 % moisture content and 1-20 mm granularity. Step (c) is performed by heating and carbonizing the dried and pelleted animal manure for 15-20 minutes at 300-800 degrees C in non-oxygen or low-oxygen environment to form a carbonized solid. The carbonization process maybe carried out in a processing device comprising a dryer and a carbonizing furnace having an inner wall made from insulation material and provided with an inner layer covered and reinforced with titanium alloy plate. Step (d) is performed by cooling the carbonized solid to 150-200 degrees C using a water-cold spiral pipe. Step (e) is performed by using a sieve having a sieving hole diameter of 4-5 mm. Step (f) is performed by mixing the sieved material in step (e) to the material in step (b) so as to serve as the pelleting core during pelleting and improve the gap of the mixture to obtain large specific surface area and improve the drying speed. The combustible gas generated in steps (b)-(d) is combusted and the heat generated is radiated and utilized in step (c). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The wastewater in 2,4-dichlorophenol pesticide production is pre-processed by preparing sodium hydroxide solution having a mass concentration of 10-20% as water phase; mixing surface active agent, an additive and a membrane solvent at a volume ratio of 2-3:3-6:91-95 to obtain oil phase; mixing prepared water phase and oil phase (1.5-2 times water phase quantity) at a speed of 2000-3000 revolutions/minute to obtain emulsion; dispersing the emulsion (10-20 vol.%) to 2,4-dichlorophenol pesticide wastewater while stirring at a speed at 80-130 revolutions/minute for 30-60 minutes; setting aside; separating formed lower layer water phase to a biochemical processing device; placing upper layer extract phase to a demulsifying device; demulsifying the extract phase into an oil phase and a water phase; retrieving oil phase and preparing into emulsion; and retrieving water phase and applying to the condensation process of 2,4-dichlorophenol production. Preferred Components: The surface active agent is Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), L-113A and/or L-113B. The additive is liquid paraffin and/or glycerol. The membrane solvent is aviation kerosene, sulfonated kerosene, hydrogenated kerosene and/or dimethylbenzene. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
ACTIVITY - Anti-HIV.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution of step (B) is liquid ammonia, ammonia water, alkali metal hydroxide solution, alkali metal carbonate solution, or ammonium carbonate solution. The alkali solution is 8-20% of alkali metal hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of PMIDA is 25-50 (preferably 30-40)%. The anion exchange resin with weak alkalinity has water content of 55-63%, drying full exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 7.9 mmol/g, wet visual density of 0.68-0.78 g/mL, wet real density of 1.05-1.11 g/mL, grain size (0.355-1.20 m) of greater than 95, and osmotic-attributed rate of greater than or equal to 90%. The alkali solution of step (B) is 1-8C organic amine solution. The pH value range at ending point of step (B) of resin desorption is 5-11, pH value of desorption solution is 4-8.5. The positive pressure evaporation temperature of step (C) is 110-220 degrees C, and positive pressure is 0.05-0.4 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin absorbing temperature in step (A) is 0-60 degrees C. The resin desorption temperature in the step (B) is 0-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes adding crude tryptophan to mixture of low-grade fatty alcohol or low-grade fatty ketone and low-grade fatty acid (ratio=2-7:1) or preferably mixture of water and low-grade fatty alcohol or low-grade fatty ketone (ratio=1:0.5-5), adding acetic acid, heating to more than 30 (preferably 30-70) degrees C until crude tryptophan is dissolved completely to prepare 30-75 g/L solution, adding active carbon (1-10%, based on weight of tryptophan), stirring and adsorbing for 0.5 hour, filtering to remove active carbon, and filtering through microporous film; slowly cooling and crystallizing filtrate under stirring, cooling to - 5 to 10 degrees C in water bath and ice bath, crystallizing for 2-5 hours, cooling to - 10 to 10 degrees C for more than 2 hours, and filtering; washing obtained white crystal with purified water and mixture of low-grade fatty alcohol or low-grade fatty ketone and water (ratio=0.1-3.5:1), adjusting pH to 4-9 (preferably 5-8) with sodium hydroxide or preferably ammonia water, filtering and extracting, vacuum drying at 30-90 degrees C for 3 hours; and distilling mother, measuring concentration of low-grade fatty alcohol or low-grade fatty ketone, and recycling. Preferred Components: The crude tryptophan is solid or liquid which is obtained by fermentation or preparation process. The tryptophan does not contain fermented mycelium and has concentration of 30-100 wt.%. The low-grade fatty alcohol is ethanol or isopropanol. The low-grade fatty ketone is acetone. The low-grade fatty acid is formic acid, acetic acid, or propionic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid base has a mass of 0.5-4% of the fatty acid methyl ester. The solid base is potassium fluoride/alumina, rubidium oxide, barium oxide, sodium hydroxide-sodium/ gamma -alumina, potassium hydroxide-potassium/ gamma -alumina, magnesium-aluminum composite oxide, calcium oxide, or strontium oxide. The phosphorylation reagent is phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biodiesel is produced through agriculture and forestry waste oil. It includes fatty acid methyl ester (RCOOCH3). The mass ratio of the biodiesel to diethanolamide is 50:(5-20). The mass ratio of fatty acid diethanolamide to phosphorylation reagent is 50:5-15.R=12-24C linear chain or branched chain alkyl, cycloalkyl, or benzyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains tackifier (0.5-15 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: There are 4-10 stirring devices.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A water pump is placed on the pipeline or channel of the clean water tank. The ecological wetland and the front pipeline or water passage of the adjusting pool is provided with a resistance plate. The ecological wetland is further connected with methane chamber connected by pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom part of alkaline solution inlet and top part of alkaline solution is provided with a filling area. The filler region is provided with a demister. The alkaline solution area is provided with a heating device. The heating temperature of heating device is 65-110 degrees C. The alkaline solution area of tower body further comprises a pH value online detecting device. The tower body is further provided with a discharge port. The tower body further comprises an alkaline supplementary port, and a steam or heat conducting oil pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inner core comprises base body material and neutron absorbent distributed in base body material. The base body material is carbon material. The neutron absorbent is boron carbide. The material of shell layer is pyrolytic carbon or ceramic. The ceramic is silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride or zirconium dioxide. The material of the shell layer is pyrolytic carbon; and the gas source for preparing pyrolytic carbon using chemical vapor deposition comprising methane, ethane, ethylene and/or propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid carbon dioxide flow rate is 20-30 kg/hour. The cosolvent is 50-70% of ethanol solution and the dosage is 1-3 times of the raw material. The splitter analyzing temperature is 50-60 degrees C and pressure is 5-10 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat pump working medium comprises (in wt.%) HFC-152a (30-40), HFC-134a (5-15), HFC-161 (35-50) and hydrocarbon component (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The low-carbon alcohol comprises methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The one-step reaction is performed under reflux condition. The molar equivalent ratio of triethylamine to compound (I) is 0.9-1.6:1, preferably 1.1:1. The molar equivalent ratio of phosphorus oxychloride to compound (I) is 0.8-1.5:1, preferably 1.1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method comprises immersing the corn husk in water for 3-4 hours; adding water into the heating pot and boiling; adding 12-18 wt.% soda ash sodium carbonate; heating and boiling for 4 hours; salvaging the husk when the corn husk can be twisted into fibers; washing the dense alkaline solution in the corn husk with clean water until the pH of the solution is 8-9; putting into the tank to be mashed up; then adding a small amount of the clean water for kneading so as to obtain the paste; squeezing the paste so as to obtain the white paste liquid; placing into the deposition cylinder; separating the upper layer of clean water so as to obtain the deposition serving as the starch; adding the alkaline into the squeezed corn husk and the remained starch so as to form the starch glue; slicing the straw; and feeding the mixture, together with the other straw into the extruder for the extrusion and molding. After the starch of the corn husk is made into the glue, it is mixed with the coal mud, brown coal or brown coal humic acid and is then, together with the crushed straw, fed into the extruder for the extrusion and molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The plant propagation medium further comprises a microbe from Trichoderma strain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The manure contains (wt.%) nutrient content of nitrogen (0.3-0.8), diphosphorus pentoxide (0.4-1.2), and potassium oxide (0.4-1.2), and soluble nitrogen levels (less than 15 ppm).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The manure comprises greater than or equal to 30 wt.% plant propagation medium. The plant propagation medium further comprises a slow release fertilizer or soil conditioner, a mixture of rapid- medium- and slow-release nitrogen sources, plant-based natural nutrient substances or high nitrogen wastes, a plant-based natural nutrient substance in the form of cakes or residues from oil seed recovery operations, peat moss, leaf compost, vermiculite, perlite, Chilean nitrate, rice hull, coffee chaff, buckwheat hull, chicken manure, various tree barks with or without composting, mushroom composts, or a compost of other organic material. The pad further comprises plant seeds, germination enhancing medium, and dried concentrated mushroom compost.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The pad further comprises a super-absorbing polymer capable of holding greater than or equal to 20 times its weight in water. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A plant propagation medium was prepared with 10-35% moisture content, and having a weight of 9-15 lbs and low salinity level. The medium had hay-like, relatively faint odor, no weed seed present, no human pathogen presence (i.e. Escherichia coli), and no bacterial and fungal growth supported, and had the ability to retain plant cellular structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first step further includes adding 8-15 L alcohol into 1 kg of clove leaves, immersing the clove leaves for 0-60 minutes, then heating at 95-105 degrees C for backflow extracting or ultrasonic extracting for 1-3 times for 0.5-2 hours each time, combining the extracted liquids, and concentrating to relative density of 1.01-1.1 g/mL at 50 degrees C. The second step further comprises standing the solution for 0-60 minutes, centrifuging for 0-60 minutes, and concentrating the liquid supernatant to relative density of 1.01-1.1 g/mL at 60 degrees C. In the third step, the absorbing rate of the liquid supernatant in the macroporous adsorbent resin column is 1-10 bed volume (BV)/hour, ratio of dry weight of liquid supernatant to the macroporous adsorbent resin is 1:4-1:12, and ratio of diameter to height of macroporous adsorbent resin column is 1:3-1:10. The 50-90% of alcohol eluted liquid is concentrated to relative density of 1.1-1.2 g/mL at 60 degrees C, and the clove leaf extract is obtained after pressure-reducing drying, freeze drying or spray drying. Preferred Component: The alcohol is methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous adsorbent resin is polystyrene resin including D101, D201, HPD600, HPD200, DM130, or AB-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The residence time of the black liquor in a black liquor collecting pond is 3-10 hours. The pH of the black liquor is reduced to 7-10 by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the smoke and sulfur dioxide in the smoke is removed simultaneously. The physical-chemical treatment comprises: oxidizing sulfite ions in the waste water into sulfate ions by air, adding an oxidant to oxidize the sulfite ions into sulfate ions, adjusting the concentration of the sulfite ions entering into the anaerobic treatment to be less than 150 mg/l, where oxidizing with air reduces the dosage of the oxidant, the content of the suspension is reduced below 600 mg/l by the flocculant, the electric conductivity is reduced below 13 ms/cm by adding water for diluting and the pH is 6.5-7.5 after physical-chemical treatment. The anaerobic treatment comprises converting the biologically degrading organic materials into methane at 35-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture medium used for the efficient microbes comprises beef extract peptone culture medium. The efficient functional bacteria are sensitive to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin, moderately sensitive to erythromycin, norfloxacin and rifampicin, and are resistant to tetracycline, midecamycin and cefuroxime.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic waste processing device further comprises an organic fertilizer granulator connected with the biochemical processor. The temperature control device is provided with a water heating bath or an electrical heating filament capable of adjusting temperature in the biochemical processor automatically.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The temperature control and liquid adjusting pyrolysis temperature and spraying biomass oil, and gas phase. The pyrolysis temperature and spraying biomass oil temperature control gas and temperature introducing gasification furnace combustion heat temperature of inert gas is maintained at 420-500 degrees C, which is used for pyrolysis without using additional energy. The part temperature exhaust gas of inert gas is maintained at 420-500 degrees C in step (i) and in dryer at 250-300 degrees C. Preferred Components: The rubber tree waste processing includes the raw materials processed material, sawdust, wood, branch wood material, rubber tree root and other processed waste material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, and/or isobutanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is mixture of helium, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The humic acid is added at 0.5-2 (preferably 1.2) wt.%, based on weight of acidolysis liquid. Potassium-, phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing fertilizers are added during pelletizing step to prepare fertilizer containing nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and organic material. The decalcified acidolysis liquid is obtained by removing calcium ion from acidolysis liquid via freezing or chemical precipitation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The operation temperature for removing bacteria from the fermentation liquor in the step (i) is 20-30 degrees C. The water with the volume of 1-3 times of that of the fermentation clean liquor in the step (ii) is used as the propellant agent, and the operation temperature is 20-30 degrees C. The trapping relative molecular mass of the nano filter film in the step (iii) is 300-1000 D, the operation pressure is 1-2 MPa, the operation temperature is 20-30 degrees C and the dialysis water quantity is 10-50% (in volume percentage) of the volume of the feeding fermentation liquor. The operation temperature in the step (iv) is 20-30 degrees C and the dialysis water quantity is 10-50% (in volume percentage) of the volume of the feeding fermentation liquor, and the solid content of the concentrated liquor is 3-7%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermentation culture medium comprises (g/liter) disodium hydrogen phosphate (1.6-1.8, preferably 1.7), potassium chloride (1-1.3, preferably 1.2), and magnesium sulfate (0.3-0.5, preferably 0.03).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermentation culture medium comprises (g/liter) starch hydrolyzed sugar (130-150), corn-soaking water (100-150, preferably 125 ml/liter), molasses (1.5 or 2), and antifoaming agent (0.02-0.04). The molasses is sugarcane molasses. The pH of the fermentation culture medium is 7.2-7.3. Preferred Method: The fresh corn-soaking water is deposited to a storage tank for 24 hours. The fermentation culture medium is sterilized at 125-130 degrees C for 5-7 minutes, and cooled to 33 degrees C, followed by inoculating and fermenting.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The antifoaming agent is polyoxyethylene polyoxypropanolamine ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic selenium enriched eggplant has total selenium content of 10-200 mu g/kg and the organic selenium content of greater than or equal to 85%. The mass ratio of the nano selenium plant nutrient to field soil, mature livestock manure, horse manure to rice bran is 6:2:2. The selenium content in the eggplant selenium enriched culture medium is 0.2-7.2 mg/kg, preferably 0.72-2.88 mg/kg. The field soil in the eggplant selenium enriched culture medium is the field soil which had not used before for Solanaceae planting. The mature livestock manure is the mature chicken manure or pig manure. Preferred Method: The method comprises the steps of accelerating germination of the common eggplant seed, planting, managing the seedling bed to culture the organic selenium enriched eggplant seedling and transplanting, and completely transferring the selenium enriched matrix around each eggplant seedling in the field or seedling culture medium in the transplanting process to the transplanting cavity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The auxiliary materials comprise (kg/ton) calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (50-100), zinc sulfate (8-15), sodium borate (5-10) and manganese sulfate (4-8). If the organic solid waste is kitchen garbage, straw is added at volume ratio of kitchen garbage to straw of 1:0.8, and the straw has grain size of less than 5 cm. The preparation of ordinary organic fertilizer comprises drying the treated products; automatically discharging the products with moisture below 15%; and packaging. The preparation of biological organic fertilizers comprises regulating pH value of the treated products to 6-8 and carbon and nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1; performing biological fermentation; and packaging into biological organic fertilizers. The preparation of organic and inorganic fertilizer comprises selecting according to crops, soil properties and the use ratio of each nutrient or index input by manual test; outputting a fertilizing command; automatically conveying the treated products to an automatic fertilizing device to perform straight batching, nutrient element addition and output according to the index of the fertilizing command; and weighing fertilizer of each index by an automatic metering device; stirring; circularly drying; and granulating. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite biological enzyme liquid comprises hemicellulose, pectate lyase, medium-temperature liquefying enzyme, low-temperature liquefying enzyme, helicase, and/or Aspergillus niger. The solution which is saturated by adding sodium hydroxide to 80% of ethanol water solution is used as eluting liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidified acid is hydrochloric acid (10-30 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass percentage of the aspirin and lysine in the aspirin-lysine mother liquor is 15-25%. The amount of the activated carbon added for decoloring is 40-60 g/l. The volume ratio of the aspirin-lysine mother liquor to the added hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is (10-50):(1-5), preferably 50:4. Preferred Method: The acidification process comprises controlling the pH value to 1-3. The heating temperature is 50-85 degrees C and the heating time is 10-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentrated mother liquor is treated by adding with acid to regulate the pH at 1.0-7.5, where acid is inorganic acid of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or hydrogen chloride gas. The mol ratio of glyphosine to CaCl2 is 1:2.5-5.0, where concentration is 10-30%. The inorganic acid used to regulate the pH of filter cake containing glyphosine calcium salt is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and/or hydrogen chloride gas, where pH is regulated at 0.2-5.0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The ion exchange resin is cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The rooting agent is chosen from Azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, silicate bacteria, fungi, selenium and germanium in desired weight ratio. The rice hull is crushed rice hull powder of 40 mesh size. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is applied to soil at a rate of 100-200 kg/acre.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of ethyl acetate, butanone or acetone, formic acid and water used in the elution process in step (4) is 6:2:1:0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises extraction of bio-oil wet algae cell into fresh culture medium, stirring to make it re-suspending, inoculating into the reactor, and culturing the Brown botryococcus cell. The wet algae water content is 90-95%. Extracting the solvent at wet algae volume 4-6 times the center frequency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises reacting D-valine with methyl acetoacetate; reacting with isobutyl chloroacetate into anhydride; reacting with ((2-amino-1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfenyl)acetic acid(3aS,4R,5S,6S,8R,9R,9aR,10R)-6-vinyldecahydro-5-hydroxy-4,6,9,10-tetramethyl-1-oxo-3a,9-propanol-3aH-cyclopentadiene-cyclooctene-8-ester; protecting with hydrochloric acid; and taking diethyl ether as solvent and morpholine as catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The anhydrous solvent is chosen from ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and methylbenzene. The acetylizing reagent is chosen from acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetylchloride, acetic ether and penta-fluoro phenyl acetate. The alkaline solution is chosen from triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The polar solvent is chosen from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The generated waste material and slag obtained during the brewing process comprises grape skin and/or grape seed. The macroporous absorption resin in the step (e) comprises X-5, AB-8, NK-2, NKA-2, NK-9, D3520 or XDA-1. The 50% alcohol solution is 50% methanol or 50% ethanol solution, and 85% alcohol solution is: 85% methanol or 85% ethanol solution. Preferred Method: The vacuum degree in the step (c) is -0.09 to -0.1 MPa, and the temperature is not greater than 70 degrees C. The concentrated solution in the step (d) is separated by three feet centrifuge. The spray drying process in the step (g) is carried out by vacuum drying at not greater than 70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The inoculant comprises (in parts weight): A.niger (15), Lactobacillus (15), S.cerevisiae (25) and B.subtilis (45). The inoculant further comprises further comprises feed protein powder (15-20, preferably 18), light calcium carbonate (25-50, preferably 35), and flour (20-30, preferably 25). Preferred Method: The fermentation process of livestock manure involves adding 5-7 wt.% of crop straw and 5-8 wt.% of urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali can be alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, and/or ammonia water, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and/or ammonia water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of levofloxacin carboxylic acid, N-methyl piperazine, and water is 1:1-8:0.5-4 (g:g:ml). The ratio of levofloxacin carboxylic acid to water is 1:5-12 (g:ml). The ratio of levofloxacin carboxylic acid to polar solvent and water solution is 1:4-16 (g/ml). The organic solvent comprises 1-4C halogenated hydrocarbons, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, and/or ethyl ether. It can be methylene dichloride, chloroform, methylbenzene, and/or ethyl acetate. The polar solvent can be 1-4C alkanols, acetone, and/or dioxane, preferably ethanol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutanol, isopropanol, and/or ethyl acetate. The mixed solution of polar solvent and water has volume ratio of 9-19:1. The solution has pH of 7-10. Preferred Method: The gradient temperature reduction crystallization comprises heating polar solvent at 100-110 degrees C, refluxing for 0.5-1 hours, cooling at 70-80 degrees C, blending until light yellow solids appeared, and heating at room temperature to completely crystallize.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The activated carbon uses fiber resin, petroleum coke, asphalt, wood, coal or nutshell as raw material, granular or powder product produced via traditional chemical or chemical method, with specific surface area of activated carbon of 800-1800 (preferably 1200-1800) m2/g, iodine adsorption value of 800-1500 mg/g, and mesh number of granular or powder activated carbon material of 4-25. The method comprises mixing activated carbon with surface modifier, soaking in surface modifier for 30-300 minutes, and rinsing rationally modified activated carbon with clean water after filtering, with pH of rinsed activated carbon of 2-9; drying rinsed activated carbon, controlling water content in dried carbon base material to 2-15%, and drying at 150-300 degrees C; and thermally processing and consolidating oxygen functional groups on the surface of carbon atoms of rinsed and dried activated carbon, at 100-300 degrees C for 30-300 minutes. The thermotechnical process comprises placing modified activated carbon in heating furnace, reacting with activating agent for activating catalytic activity in heating furnace at 600-1200 degrees C for 30-720 minutes, and performing in vacuum or under protective gas, milling activated carbon, and obtaining carbon oxidation catalyst used for glyphosate. The pressure of protective gas in heating furnace is 0.2-5 KPa. The heating furnace uses radiation of the microwave. The method further comprises crushing after removing solid sinter, at 80-325 meshes according to different demands. Preferred Components: The surface modifier comprises sulfuric acid solution, saltpeter solution, chlorinated soda solution, potassium permanganate solution and hydrogen peroxide solution. The activating agent comprises tripolycyanamide, urea, ammonia, diethylamine, methane, ethane, propane, butane and/or aliphatic hydrocarbon, at weight ratio of 3-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight concentration of the glycerol is 25-40% in the step (i). The ion exchange column comprises 717 anion exchange resin columns and 732 cation exchange resin columns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The 108 horizontal stainless steel circulating pipes are sequentially arranged where each stainless steel pipe is ~ f 40 mm and length is 290 cm. The auxiliary pipes are taken as condensed water spraying pipes. The 24 spraying pipes spray sequentially downwards stage by stage starting from the upper part of the device. The internal part of the whole device is sealed anti-corrosion configuration to avoid corrosion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method further comprises washing mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter with water, separating and eliminating saponifiable matter. The feeding temperature of the raw material is at 50-65 degrees C. The temperature of washing water is 70-90 degrees C. The washing water of centrifuge device is added from the top of the device. The method comprises mixing biodiesel containing excess fatty acid with alkali solution in primary mixing device, washing by primary mixing device, centrifuging and eliminating saponifiable matter; using mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter in the primary centrifuge device, washing in secondary mixing device, centrifuging and eliminating saponifiable matter in secondary centrifuge device; using mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter in secondary centrifuge device, completely reacting with alkali solution in third mixing device, washing by water in the third centrifuge device, eliminating and separating saponifiable matter; using mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter in the third centrifuge device, washing by water in a fourth-order mixing device, centrifuging and separating saponifiable matter in the fourth mixing device; using mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter in the fourth-order centrifuge device, completely reacting with alkali solution in fifth-order mixing device, washing by water in fifth-order mixing device, centrifuging and eliminating saponifiable matter; and using mixed solution after eliminating saponifiable matter in fifth-order centrifuge device, washing in sixth-order mixing device, centrifuging and eliminating saponifiable matter in sixth-order mixing device. Preferred Component: The mass concentration of the alkali solution is 5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The adsorbing and clearing step is performed using clearing agent consisting of chitosan and ZTC1+ 1 II type natural clearing agent. Preferred Component: The mass concentration of ethanol is 70%. The alkaloid eluting agent is 70% ethanol solution containing 0.01-0.04 g/ml NaCl. The dosage of eluting agents is 5-10 times of column volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass raw material is biomass wastes of bagasse, lees, manioc residue, straw, wheat straw, beam straw, cotton straw, maize straw, maize cob, fallen leaves, or saw dust. The liquid fuel medium is heavy oil, coal tar, heavy oil ingredient and coal tar ingredient, preferably from anthracene oil and gas absorber oil. The fuel additive is dispersant, stabilizer, antioxidant, pour point depressant, or combustion improver. Preferred Method: The biomass raw material is pre-dried so that the water content is lower than 15, preferably lower than 5 wt.% before crushing and screening. The mixture is carbonized in a stainless steel reaction kettle before homogenizing. The temperature is increased to 215-290, preferably 250-280 degrees C in the stirring condition. The rotational speed of the stirring paddle is 500-1500, preferably 100-1200 rpm. The retention time of the mixture in the reaction kettle is 1-10, preferably 3-5 minutes. The biomass light components are used as fuel to supply heat for the carbonization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lignocellulose is obtained from one of sugarcane, rice husk, straw or their combinations. Preferred Method: The method involves obtaining 4.2-5.8 g, preferably 5 g of lignocellulose which is dried to constant weight, crushing the lignocellulose to 25-meshes powder, and adding distilled water to the obtained powder, where solid-liquid ratio in the mixture is 1:7.5-12.5, preferably 1:10. The method involves treating the obtained mixture in pressurized microwave for 5-12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes at 120-140 degrees c, preferably 130 degrees c.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The functional microbe is cultured in beef extract peptone culture medium. The functional microbes are sensitive to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin, moderately sensitive to erythrocin, norfloxacin and rifampicin, and resistant to tetracycline, medecamycin and cefuroxime.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device further has organic fertilizer granulator, where the organic fertilizer granulator is connected with the biochemical processor. The temperature control device is capable of automatically adjusting the temperature of biochemical processor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of the inoculating amounts of Bacillus thuringiensis to Bacillus subtilis is 3:1-1:3. The kitchen waste can be added with wheat bran, bean cake powder, brewer apos, S grains, yeast powder and/or corn powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The content of the livestock manure is 60-85 wt.% and auxiliary material is 15-40 wt.%. The fungicide is obtained by mixing raw material and auxiliary material, where the material (per ton) is added with 1 kg of the fungicide. The auxiliary material is straw or organic fertilizer stable modifier. The sealed processing plant is opened for three times, when processing new livestock manure. The concretely comprises (a) processing soil or flatting the ground, (b) layering loess or bricks, (c) establishing a rain-proof device on the processing plant, (d) forming a drain groove on the periphery of the processing plant. The organic fertilizer stable modifier comprises (in wt.%): inositol residue (10-20), amino acid residue (10-20), xylitol residue (25-40) and monosodium glutamate residue (30-50). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal platinum (60-96 mass%) is ordinary platinum, crystallized platinum, amorphous platinum, spongy platinum or colloid platinum. The metal rhenium (20-80 mass%) is rhenium dioxide, rhenium trioxide, rhenium heptoxide, rhenium disulfide, perrhenic acid, potassium perrhenic acid and/or amino perrhenic acid. The metal tin (30-85 mass%) is tin oxide, tin dioxide, stannic sulfide, stannous chloride and/or stannic chloride. The metal iridium (25-95 mass%) is iridium dioxide, iridium trioxide, hexachloroiridium acid hydrate, ammonium chloroiride and/or iridium colloid. The metal palladium (35-95 mass%) is palladium oxide, palladium oxide, palladium nitrate, palladium hydroxide, ammonium chloropalladite, palladium collide and/or ammonium chloropalladate. The metal silver (35-85 mass%) is silver oxide, silver iodide, silver nitrate and/or silver carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material oil is animal oil and plant oil comprising small bancoul nut oil, euphorbia lathyris oil, croton oil, prickly ash seed oil, pistacia lentiscus seed oil as the plant oil and yellow mealworm oil as the animal oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The method further involves (c) adding the scopolamine and butyl bromide into a reactor, heating, refluxing and reacting the mixture to obtain the scopolamine butylbromide, cooling the reactant to room temperature, removing oily liquid from the cooled product and concentrating the product under reduced pressure, and (d) adding absolute ethanol (3 times) into the reactant, heating and dissolving the reactant, maintaining the mixture at room temperature, precipitating crystals in the mixture, adding the crystals into a refrigerator (8-10 degrees C) for overnight, filtering the crystals, washing the crystals using cold absolute ethanol, and pumping and vacuum-drying the crystals to obtain the crude product of the scopolamine butylbromide. The reaction is performed at 70-90, preferably 90 degrees C for 15-40, preferably 30 hours. The vacuum-drying process is performed at 70 degrees C and -0.095 MPa for 4 hours. Preferred Composition: The ratio of the scopolamine and butyl bromide is 1 g:1.5 ml-1 g:10 ml, preferably 1 g:3 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The molar ratio of dimethylbenzene, paraformaldehyde and ionic liquid is 1:1.1-2:0.01-0.5. The solvent replaces imidazole type ionic liquid. The positive ion in the liquid is imidazolium ion and negative ion is halogen, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoro or phosphate radical ion. The catalyst is chosen from palladium chloride, palladium acetic acid, palladium sulfate, palladium nitrate, palladium oxide, diammino-dichloro palladium, tetraamminepalladium dichloride, triphenylphosphine, palladium dichloride or palladium hydroxide. The acid binding agent is chosen from pyridine, triethylamine, alkali metal of mellow wine, alkyl lithium compound, lithium amide compound, oxyhydrate of alkali metal, alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and acetic acid. The solvent in the hydrolysis reaction is ester, ether, alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon and nitrile or their mixture. The palladium metal compound catalyst in hydrolysis reaction is triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine acetic acid palladium or triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ester in the reaction solvent is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate. The ether is chosen from diethyl ether, methyl tertiary-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane. The aromatic hydrocarbon is chosen from benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene. The nitrile is chosen from acetonitrile and acrylonitrile. The solvent in the reaction is isopropanol or tertiary-amyl alcohol. The ionic liquid is obtained by decompressing the water layer of the reaction liquid. The filter liquid is added with heavy metal hunting agent and flocculating agent, and the catalyst is obtained by filtration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises cleaning raw material medicines and adding 5-12 times water to immerse the materials for 0-5 hours; heating and boiling the mixture for 1-4 times for 0.5-4 hours each time and mixing the extracted liquids; and adding the extract with auxiliary materials, preservative and aromatic to prepare the oral preparation. The extraction liquid is first centrifuged at 500-20000, preferably 800-1500 revolutions/minute (rpm) using three-feet centrifuge or 10000-15000 rpm using tubular centrifuge; then filtered through ultrafiltration membrane at 0.01-0.5, preferably 0.1-0.25 MPa and at 0-80, preferably 20-40 degrees C; condensed by vacuum depressurized condensation; and dried by spray drying method, reduced pressure drying method or ebullition drying method. Preferred Component: The auxiliary material includes one or more of sugar, dextrin, lactose, soluble starch, mannitol, hydroxypropyl starch, honey and simple syrup glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, cane sugar, or soluble saccharin. The preservative includes nipagin ester preservative, benzoic acid preservative, or sorbic acid ester preservative. The aromatic comprises orange essence, banana essence, strawberry essence, cream essence and pineapple essence.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ultrafiltration membrane is cellulose acetate membrane, polysulfone membrane, polypropylene nitrile membrane, polyamide membrane, polysulfone amide membrane, cellulose acetate membrane, polyimide membrane, sulfonated polysulfone membrane, polyether sulfone membrane, sulfonated polyether sulfone membrane, phenolphthalein group aromatic polysulfone membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, crosslinked polyethylene membrane, or modified acrylic polymer membrane. The ultrafiltration membrane has interception molecular weight of 3000-100000 and aperture of 1-100 nm. ADMINISTRATION - The preparation is administered orally (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The volume flow ratio of gas-liquor is 10-30:1. The absorbing pressure is 1.7-2.7 MPa. The absorbing temperature is - 5 to 0 degrees C. The rotation speed of crane is 600-1400 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The thermophilic anaerobic fermentation comprises temperature of 50-60 degrees C with the controlled concentration of 3-8%. The crushed straw wastes are transported into the stacking pool for natural stacking. The aerobic composting and fermenting comprises mixing of biogas residue with the crushed straw wastes and maintaining the moisture content of 60-70% or 50-75%. The moisture content of the aerobic composting and fermenting substrate is maintained by using the biogas liquid which is obtained by material separation after high temperature fermentation. The dilution of the sewage manure from the livestock farms produces their own sewage or slurry after high temperature fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The culture medium comprises peptone, glucose, and sodium chloride. Distilled water is used as solvent, and sodium hydroxide is used for adjusting pH value of the culture medium to 7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The extraction agent is 1-ethyl-3-acetylbutylamino-imidazol- trifluoromethanesulfonyl triflimide salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises preparing oil phase from complexing extracting agent and diluting agent, where use amount of complexing extracting agent is 30-50 vol.%; dispersing oil phase in oxyfluorfen wastewater when stirring, controlling rotating speed at 150-250 revolutions/minute, and extracting for 30-60 minutes; standing and layering, and introducing resorcinol and hydroxybenzoic acid in the wastewater into load oil phase on upper layer; and introducing water on lower layer which is production wastewater into biochemical treatment system. The use amount of oil phase during complexing and extracting is 10-20 vol.%. The method further comprises adding 15-30% of sodium hydroxide into load oil phase obtained via complexing and extracting for carrying out reextraction, stirring for 30-60 minutes, standing and layering, separating out oil phase and recycled phase; returning oil phase to complexing and extracting step for circulating; and introducing recycled phase to oxyfluorfen condensing section, where added amount of liquid alkali in reextraction is 15-50 vol.%    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing extracting agent for preparing oil phase is alkyl tert-amine N235 and/or tributyl phosphate. The diluting agent is aviation kerosene, sulfonated diesel and hydrogenated diesel and dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The Hoffman degradation reaction is done in the presence of alkali metal hypochlorite having 5-20% active chlorine. The alkali metal hypochlorite is sodium hypochlorite. The hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 5-38 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is insoluble with water (preferably methylbenzene) and has a boiling point of 60-200 degrees C. Preferred Method: The method further comprises recycling the separated water phase for preparing solution used for Hoffman degradation reaction; and recycling final organic phase for use as organic solvent. The dehydration is done at 60-100 (preferably 80-100) degrees C for 3-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mol. reaction ratio of losartan biphenyl to sodium azide is 1.2-1.5:1. The volume ratio of 1,2-propanediol to water in 1,2-propanediol water solution is 10:3-5. The mol amount of 1,2-propanediol is 5-6 times as much as that of losartan biphenyl. The mol. ratio of catalyst ammonium chloride to MF is 10:1-2. The total mol use amount of catalyst is 1.5-2.2 times as much as mol. amount of sodium azide. The synthesis reaction time is 48-72 hours. The reaction solution is cooled after synthesis reaction is finished. The unreacted losartan biphenyl is extracted by toluene or dimethylbenzene. The acid adjustment is conducted to obtain losartan biphenyl tetrazole crude product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH is adjusted by adding potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 3-6 mol/l and is added at a rate of 5-10 vol.% of L-phenylalanine solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stirring is done at 100-150 revolutions/minute for 1-2 hours. Preferred Component: The L-phenylalanine solution has a concentration of 190-220 g/l. The cooling is done at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide are also used in the preparation of the ceftiofur sodium hydrochloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is single solvent system of tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetone, ethanol, methanol and isopropyl alcohol. The crystallization solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, benzene and dimethylbenzene. The organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises micro-algal photoreaction, oil extraction, fermentation and by-product production. The algae in photoreaction is incubated at 30 degrees C illumination temperature. The pH for algal growth in the photoreaction process is adjusted to 7. The fermentation tank ferments and produces solid fermentation products and fermentation broth. The fermentation product is made into a healthcare food and a fertilizer. The fermentation broth is made into an organic liquid feed. Preferred Components: The amount of carbon dioxide supplied as a carbon source during the photoreaction is 40-50% of micro-algae dry weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture medium comprises (in g per 1000 ml): peptone (35), glucose (4) and sodium chloride (3). The culture medium comprises distilled water as a solvent and utilizes sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH at 7.2. The culture medium is sterilized at a pressure of 1.034x 105 Pa for 20 minutes. The functional bacteria are sensitive to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin, moderately sensitive to erythromycin, norfloxacin and rifampicin, and resistant to tetracycline, midecamycin and cefuroxime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide absorbing device contains monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or Selexol (RTM: Acid gas removal solvent) as a solvent for absorbing carbon dioxide. The micro algae culturing device is a closed photobioreactor which has an opening for receiving external carbon dioxide. The closed photobioreactor is a fermentation tank type photoreactor, a tubular photoreactor or a plate photoreactor. The micro algae separating device is a centrifuge. The micro algae and micro algae culturing liquid separating device, the acetic acid separating device and the ethanol separating device are filter devices for separating the micro algae and the micro algae culturing liquid, separating acetic acid and separating ethanol, which are micro-filter devices, ultra-filter devices or centrifugal separators. The first deoxidization column and the second deoxidization column are deoxidization columns for removing oxygen by high-temperature copper catalyst or deoxidization columns for removing oxygen by palladium or molybdenum oxide and hydrogen reaction. The synthetic gas fermentation strain growth tank is an upflow bioreactor, a continuous stirred tank reactor, a trickle bed reactor or a bubble column reactor. The synthetic gas fermentation strain fermentation tank is an upflow bioreactor, a continuous stirred tank reactor, a trickle bed reactor or a bubble column reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass raw material includes agricultural waste, municipal refuse, aquatic plant, and industrial biological waste. The agricultural waste comprises straw, fruit skin, and sugar crop. The industrial biological waste comprises oil cake, sucrose, acid sludge, residue of soya, alcohol sludge, tea slag, and traditional Chinese medicine slag. Preferred Method: The pre-processing technology of biomass comprises mechanical grinding, steam explosion, microwave treatment, ultrasonic treatment, radiation treatment, freezing, alkali treatment, cellulose dissolvent treatment, organic dissolvent treatment, gadoleic acid pre-processing, oxidizing, and super-critical extracting. Thermal decomposition fractionation product is directionally transformed with biological transformation, chemical transformation, and physical transformation according to the characteristics of components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The desulfurization device is a biological desulfurization device or a dry desulfurization device. The dry desulfurization device is filled with ferric oxide. The secondary fermenting device is equipped with the flexible gas cabinet with a gas storage function. The pre-treating pool, preparing pool and the pre-treating device room are equipped with negative pressure pumping systems to convey the smell to the biological deodorization pool through the negative pressure to be absorbed. The heating method in step (ii) is further equipped with a heat storage tank. The method adopts the real-time online monitoring system including a gas component analyzer for real-time online monitoring the contents of the methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen, a sludge concentration meter and a heat flow meter. The method further adopts the network remote transmission technique.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste are from excrement from human and animal, slaughtering waste, kitchen waste, dry straw, green straw, waste vegetable leaves from the market, vinasse, industrial organic waste and/or sludge from municipal sewage plant. The methane of the pure biogas in the step (iv) is greater than 97%, carbon dioxide is smaller than 3%, hydrogen sulfide is smaller than 10 ppm and water content is smaller than 0.2 g/Nm3. The absorbing agent solution is amino solution, where the whole amino concentration of the amino solution is 25-45%. The amino solution includes combination of tertiary amine, primary amine and secondary amine where 70-90% of the whole amino concentration is at least two tertiary amines, 5-15% of the whole amino concentration is at least two primary amines and 5-15% of the whole amino concentration is at least two secondary amines.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The accelerating agent comprises (pts.wt.) photosynthetic bacteria (25-30), Bacillus (25-30), yeast (25-30), Pseudomonas (15-20), and all digestive enzymes. It further comprises (pts.wt.) nitrifying bacteria (1-5) and denitrifying bacteria (1-5). Each gram of the culture medium for nitrifying bacteria or denitrifying bacteria includes 10-10.5 billion of bacteria. The accelerating agent further comprises enzyme agents for high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method comprises putting multi-pore ceramic in reaction device; injecting sewage in reacting device from bottom to top at 0.05-0.15 l/minute; stop injecting sewage after 48-72 hours; keeping 50-60 vol.% of sewage in reacting device; adding anaerobic reaction solution to occupy 20-30 vol.% of reaction device volume; performing anaerobic fermentation for multi-pore ceramic in which organic substances are enriched to generate biogas. The method also comprises reusing fermented multi-pore ceramic after having been dried in shade, drying by baking, and washing with water. Preferred Component: The device also includes supporting steps arranged on bottom of tank body and into which filler frame is arranged; sealing ring arranged between upper edge of filler frame and inner wall of tank body; and feeding pipe arranged on upper cover of tank. The multiple-core ceramic layers have different apertures formed in filler frame. The apertures of multi-pore ceramic layers become smaller from lower layer to upper layer such that bottom opening of filler frame is less than aperture of multi-pore ceramic layer on lowest layer. The size of opening on top cover of filler frame is smaller than that of multi-pore ceramic layer on uppermost layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc oxide or zinc sulfate. The alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water, carbinol, zinc acetate, n-propyl alcohol or isopropanol. The alkaline is triethylamine, dimethylformamide or pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A solid product obtained by catalytic pyrolysis during the cracking reaction, where the solid product is a mixture of the biomass semicoke and the sodium carbide; and filtering the undissolved substance. Drying the biomass raw material immersed with the catalyst at 105 degrees C for 3-5 hours; and reducing the water in the raw material at 10%. Preferred Component: The particle size of the biomass raw material is lesser than 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metals are removed from the pyrolysis oil in the well-mixed reactor or the backmixed reactor. The upgraded pyrolysis oil is reacted with a catalyst in the reactor to cause the upgraded pyrolysis oil to be deoxygenated/hydroprocessed within the reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The well-mixed or back mixed reactor is stirred tank reactors, plug flow reactors with recycle, slurry reactors, gas-lift reactors and jet reactors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises sending the upgraded pyrolysis oil to a reactor to further upgrade the upgraded pyrolysis oil. The reactive species are removed from the pyrolysis oil in the well-mixed reactor or the back-mixed reactor. The upgraded pyrolysis oil is less likely to result in precipitation of solids and plugging of a reactor than a pyrolysis oil that has not been upgraded. The pyrolysis oil is subjected to hydroprocessing within the well mixed or the back-mixed reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The compound (IV) is prepared by nitrifying 4-methoxy-3-(3-halogenated propoxy) cyanobenzene of formula (II') to obtain 2-nitro-4-methoxy-5-(3-halogenated propoxy) cyanobenzene of formula (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The glycosylation for preparing the pyrimidine nucleoside compound (1) comprises, in organic solvent, under the protection of inert gas, under the effect of silicon group reagent and alkynyl Lewis acid, performing glycosylation on compounds (3) and (4); and the glycosylation for preparing the purine nucleoside compound (2) comprises, in organic solvent, under the protection of inert gas, under the effect of alkynyl Lewis acid, performing glycosylation on compounds (3) and (5). Preferred Materials: The organic solvent is dried dichloromethane, methylbenzene, nitromethane and acetonitrile. The silicon group reagent is hexamethyldisilazane, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide or bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The alkynyl Lewis acid is gold (III) chloride, gold (II) chloride, AuLOTf, AuLNTf, HgOTf and platinum chloride, in which L is the conventional phosphine ligand in the local field, preferably tri-n-butylphosphine, triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine or triadamantanephosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid or phosphoric acid. The alkali is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or ammonia water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is selected azodiisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide or dilauroyl peroxide. The solvent is selected from methylbenzene, p-xylene, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate or o-xylene. The thioalcohol is selected from hydrophobic methyl propionate, hydrophobic methyl acetate, hydrophobic methyl butyrate, hydrophobic ethyl acetate or hydrophobic ethyl propionate. The organic solvent A is selected from propyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylbenzene, p-xylene, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, o-xylene, ethyl ether or methyl tert.-butyl ether. The alcoholic solution is selected from low fatty alcohol, preferably methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol. The ketone solution is selected from acetone, butanone, pentanone or iso-butyl ketone. The organic solvent is selected from propyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylbenzene, p-xylene, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride or o-xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The strain producing cellulase is Aspergillus or Penicillium. The producing enzyme strain is Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali liquor (1-7%) comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The oxidant (1-5 wt.%) is hydrogen peroxide, ozone and potassium permanganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The agricultural and forestry biomass is straw, bagasse, silvergrass, and forestry processing waste. The extracting process is carried out at 40-60 for 2 hours and at 100-160 degrees C for greater than or equal to 1 hours. The concentration of filtrate is carried out for 5 times, until more than 10% hemicellulose and lignin solid material concentration are obtained. Alkali liquor recovery is more than 80%, where static time is 1-5 hours and acid is adjusted until pH 3-4. The ratio of cellulose and cellulose product to water is 5:1-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder is inorganic binder comprising (wt.%) sodium silicate aqueous solution (40-70), bentonite (29-55), and potassium chlorate (1-9).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed carbon source gasification molded coal has a ball-shaped structure with a through hole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The supercritical fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The cosolvent is an alkali solvent of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw materials containing Rheum anthraquinone are roots or root radicals of Rheum palmatum, Polygonaceae, R.tanguticum, or R. officinalis. The Rheum raw material particle is prepared by adding a binder and optionally adding an auxiliary material in a Rheum material; or adding a binder and optionally adding an auxiliary material in a Rheum extract. The Rheum raw material particle has a granularity of 10-200 meshes. The cosolvent comprises water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, propanediol, petroleum ether, ammonia, acetyl chitosan, diethylamine, triethylamine, carbamide, and/or glucosamine. The dosage of the Rheum raw material particle. The Rheum extract is prepared by extracting Rheum using a solvent, and drying. The solvent comprises petroleum ether, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, water, pyridine, or acetic acid. The auxiliary material comprises starch, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, pregelatinized starch, mannite, silica gel, alumina, diatomite, polyamide, and/or active carbon. The binder comprises water, ethanol, starch slurry, polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, hydroxypropyl cellulose solution, and/or polyethylene glycol solution. The Rheum anthraquinone components comprise Rheum, chrysophanol, chrysophanic acid, physcion, and aloe emodin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The pH of the high temperature acid hydrolysis reactor for sludge acidification is maintained at 7 and the temperature is maintained at 45-50 degrees C. The biogas is desulfurized by bio-desulfurization. The digested sludge is dehydrated by membrane filter press.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The municipal sludge processing device further comprises a gas cabinet connected to the desulfurizing tower by an air pipe, used to store the desulfurized biogas. The generator and the gas cabinet connected by an air pipe are connected with the air pipe for generating electricity using biogas. A boiler and the gas cabinet are connected by an air pipe for heating biogas to produce steam and hot water. A torch and the gas cabinet are connected with the air pipe, used to burn the excess gas. A heat balance tank is connected to the outlet pipe of the generator cooling system. The heater, the heat balance tank and the high temperature acid hydrolysis reactor are respectively connected in a circulation loop. The thermostat and the heat balance tank and the methanogenic digester are respectively connected in a circulation loop. The desulfurization tower is a bio-desulfurization tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The flow rate of carbon dioxide is 20-30 l/hour, the extracting pressure is 30-45 MPa, the temperature is at 40-55 degrees C, the extracting time is 1-2 hours, and the analysis pressure is 4.5-8 MPa. Preferred Components: The amount of the co-solvent is 20-40% of the weight of the Chinese herbal medicine. The volume ratio of petroleum ether to ethyl acetate is 25-52:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing straw raw material, reflowing the crushed product into fermentation tank, mixing the product with fermentation liquor, subjecting the mixture to anaerobic fermentation, feeding the straw material through upper or lower portion of the tank and separating and collecting the fermented product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of Coptis wood oil and methanol is 1:3-6. The method involves adding methanol to flask, adding water (10-20%) and n-hexane (10-20%) to Coptis wood oil, uniformly mixing the mixture, pumping the mixture to a reactor immobilized with pig pancreatic lipase, controlling the reaction temperature at 40 degrees C, and adding 1/3 methanol after 7 hours, 14 hours and M hours until the methyl content of the mixture reaches 86-90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The genetically engineered alga is produced by performing above-mentioned method (M1). Preferred Method: The step (a) is performed by homologous double exchange to knock the algae cesA gene in method (M1). IN method (M2), BGl 1 culture medium always proceeds the blowing cultivate. The culture medium comprises (in %) carbon dioxide (2), and has temperature of 25-35 degrees C, and illumination intensity of 30-300 E/m2s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogen production inoculum is thermally-treated anaerobic active sludge, where the thermal treatment is performed at 80-115 degrees C for 15-60 minutes. The methane production inoculum is anaerobic active sludge from methane tank, pond bottom and sewage treatment plant. The hydrogen doping ratio is 8-40%. The method further involves adding the hydrogen residue to anaerobic methane reactor, and generating methane using hydrogen in action of hydrogen nutritional methane bacteria when the volume ratio of the hydrogen and the methane generated from anaerobic hydrogen production and anaerobic methane production fermentation is greater than the required hydrogen doping ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using ozone (0.3-0.5 g). The method involves diluting the beer wastewater with tap water, and introducing the ozone to the beer wastewater using ozone generator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protease solution is prepared by dissolving Immunoglobulin protease in phosphoric acid buffer solution (20 ml) at 45-50 degrees C, stirring, centrifuging, and filtering to obtain protease solution. The amylase solution is prepared by dissolving Immunoglobulin protease in phosphoric acid buffer solution (19 ml) having a pH of 6.8, adding 0.3% sodium chloride solution (1 ml) and amylase as activator, reacting at 45-50 degrees C, centrifuging, and filtering to obtain amylase solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry sludge is obtained by drying hydrous sludge at 105 degrees C. The surfactant is added after the pH is controlled at 6.8-7.2. The hydrolysis liquid is a microorganism fuel cell solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the adsorbent is swelling clay. The swelling clay comprises sodium base, calcium base, magnesium base or lithium base natural swelling clay and sodium base, calcium base, magnesium base or lithium base modified swelling clay. The sodium base, calcium base, magnesium base or lithium base natural swelling clay comprises montmorillonite, hectorite, talc, sepiolite, bentonite, kieselguhr or bentonite. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the adsorbent is added to the waste liquid of molasses alcohol, and after completely stirring and mixing, it is allowed to stand for the sedimentation, where the amount of the adsorbent added per ton of the waste liquid of molasses alcohol is 0.1-1 kg, the stirring and mixing speed is 100-2000 revolutions/minute, and the time for allowing to stand for sedimentation is 0.5-5 hours. The step (iii) comprises collecting precipitates separated out in the step (i), by centrifugation or compressive dewatering, and granulation by drying. In the step (iii), the drying is hot air drying, and the temperature of the hot air is 50-150 degrees C, and the drying time is 10-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substituent group is one or two of 1-6C alkyl and ethoxy. The ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C is present in the ginkgolide mixture at greater than or equal to 40%. The whole concentration of the ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C of the raw material liquid is 0.5-100 g/L. The ion liquid of the extracting agent is present at 1-100 wt.%. Preferred Method: The operation temperature of the fractionation extraction is 20-70 degrees C. The flow ratio of the extracting agent to washing agent to raw material liquid is 2-15:1-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The viable count of the aerobic bacteria in step (1) is 100000/g or more. The ventilating and heating process is performed by testing temperature of the fermentation pile compost material using temperature tester, transmitting tested temperature to temperature controller, and heating the fermentation pile compost material by supplying hot air from draught fan controlled to the temperature controller. The method involves increasing normal temperature air by draught fan, speeding flow of the normal temperature air, adding water and heating the fermentation pile compost material such that to reduce the temperature of the fermentation pile compost material. The step (7) is performed by drying the fermentation pile compost material to obtain small diameter organic fertilizer particle using mechanical pulverization and sieving, and packing the dried product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding kelp, brown seaweed, chitosan, pyrolineous liquor and Korean leek to the product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The raw materials for producing organic fertilizer comprises mushroom residue (which is golden needle mushroom residue or straw mushroom residue), cow dung, chicken manure, coal ash, sawdust, rice chaff, enzyme and soil conditioner. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The extruder is a flatmold extruder, horizontal ring mold extruder or grain extruder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (C) includes drying raw material, where moisture rate of tobacco stem raw material is controlled to lower than 30%. The step (D) includes crushing raw material, where length of the fibers processed with raw material is 25 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass fuel particle comprises (wt.%) biomass fuel raw materials (75), palm meal (15) and medicine gunk alcohol deposition (10). The raw materials of the biomass fuel comprise crop straw, wood processing waste, industrial organic waste or city solid organic waste. The crop straw is corn straw, haulm, wheat straw, cotton straw or broomcorn straws; and the wood processing waste is pine bits, sawdust, branches or tree roots. The palm meal is side product generated by de-cladding palm kernel; and medicine gunk alcohol deposition is wasted paste type deposition generated in process of extracting alcohol form traditional medicines comprising pseudoginseng, rhizoma ligustici wallichii and cassia seed. The palm meal comprises (%) coarse protein (16.21), coarse resin (8.15), coarse fibers (21.49), moisture (6.21), crude ash (4.76) and total energy (17.15 MJ/kg); and medicine gunk alcohol deposition comprising 70-80% alcohol, large-molecular polysaccharide and ash (5.34%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises inoculating Phanerochaete chrysosporium and culturing for 24 hours, inoculating Nocardia coral-type bacterial strain, continuously culturing for 24 hours, and inoculating copper green Pseudomonas. The glucose solution is inoculated with copper green Pseudomonas and the flow addition is carried out after 24 hours, and the flow is completed after 36 hours. The pH is adjusted to 5.5 plus minus 0.3 after the inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the pH is controlled at 0.3-7 after the inoculation of Nocardia coral-type bacteria type until the fermentation is complete. Preferred Components: The high density fermentation medium comprises: glucose basal culture medium (10 g/l), soy peptone (10 g/l), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (10 g/l), vitamin B1 (3 mg/l), biotin (0.4 mg/l), microelements mother liquor (2.5 ml/l), a fermentation defoamer (0.1 ml/l), phosphoric acid to adjust the pH of the medium to 5.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The length of the second baffle is less than the first baffle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The deflector-type stirrer is composed of multiple group frames inclined in the same direction and arranged in a circumferential direction. The bottom of multiple group frames is connected with a round catheter and the middle multiple group frames is connected with a vertically crossed bottom catheter. The multiple nozzles arranged in the same direction are arranged on each group frame. The multiple upward nozzles are formed on the bottom catheter. The disturber is connected with the multiple groups of nozzles in different heights of a vertical pipe. Each nozzle is composed of multiple nozzles connected with the vertical pipe. The multiple nozzles are arranged horizontally at equal angle. An equipment pond B is mounted at the side of the methane pond. The methane fermenting tank is located in the methane pond. The collecting tank, two condensed water impurity removers, the thermal insulating temperature raising controller, and a desulfuration device are located in the equipment pond. A feeding opening and a discharging opening are arranged at the side of the methane pond. The top of the methane fermenting tank is connected with the collecting tank by a safety valve. A guiding pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a negative pressure stopper and a condensed water impurity remover are connected in turn. A pressure meter, the safety valve and a mechanical exhausting valve are mounted at the top of the collecting tank. The condensed water impurity remover is connected with the collecting tank by the electromagnetic valve. The top of the condensed water impurity remover is connected with the desulfuration device, and the top of the desulfuration device is connected with the user by the guiding pipe. The guiding pipe, the pressure meter, the safety valve and the mechanical exhausting valve are located on the equipment pond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidant is potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, Jones reagent, perchlorate, or manganese dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is tert-butanol, water, acetone, or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent comprises (mass%): vegetable oil acid (10-40), fatty acid methyl ester (10-25), formaldehyde ester (5-10), cyclohexane (1-10) and aviation kerosene (10-50). The content of methanol used in preparation is not limited. The content may be content with purity of 99.99 wt.% and content with purity of 80 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reactions between 2-chloro-3-picolinic acid and carbonyl-diimidazole and 2,6-dichloro-3-amino-4-methylpyridine and 2-chloro-3-picolinic acid are carried out using reaction solvent at - 15 to - 25 degrees C. The hydrogenation reaction is performed at 20-40 degrees C and at barometric pressure. Preferred Component: The molar ratio of 2-chloro-3-picolinic acid to carbonyl-diimidazole is 1.0:1.0-1.6. The reaction solvent is anhydrous dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, benzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetylamide, and/or N-methyl-pyrrolidone. The molar ratio of 2,6-dichloro-3-amino-4-methylpyridine to 2-chloro-3-picolinic acid is 1.0:1.0-1.4. The catalyst is 5 or 10 wt.% of palladium/carbon. The ratio of catalyst to 2-chloro-Nevirapine is 5-20 mol.%. The non-hydrogen hydrogen source is methanoic acid, alkali metal salt of methanoic acid, alkaline earth metal salt of methanoic acid, ammonium formate, or hydrazine. The hydrogenation reaction is carried out in reaction solvent consisting of methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, glycol dimethyl ether, glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, and/or sec-butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The basic catalyst in step (c) is any one of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, 13X and NaY zeolite. The molar ratio of basic catalyst to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid is 0.3:1-0.4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressure of carbon dioxide in step (b) is 7.5-8.5 Mpa, reaction temperature is 120-130 degrees C and molar ratio of anhydrous potassium carbonate to 2,5-sodium dichlorophenolate is 1.4:1-1.6:1. The molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid is 2.5:1-3.5:1. The method further involves adding phase shift catalyst (1-10, preferably 3-5 %mol) in step (c) for accelerating the reaction. Preferred Components: The sodium alcoholate is any one of sodium methylate, sodium n-propylate, sodium isopropylate, sodium n-butyrate and sodium tert-butoxide. The solvent is added to the reaction in step (a) and the solvent is any one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and tertiary butanol. The phase shift catalyst is any one of tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400 and PEG-600. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (A), the fresh poultry feces are prepared to 20-40% of solution. In step (B), the adding amount of nitrogen-fixing agent is 5-15% of the weight of the solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The halogenating reagent is N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, dibromohydantoin, or dichlorohydantion. In the holagenating reagent, the weight ratio of halogen atoms to (II) is 0.9-1.2:1, preferably 0.98-1.1:1. The halogenating catalyst is methylsulfonic acid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The amount of the catalyst is 5-15 (preferably 10) wt.% of (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous adsorption resin is D101 type, D102 type, or AB-8 type macroporous adsorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Uniconazole powder and seeds are mixed by vibrating vertically or horizontally for 10 times. The weight ratio of 5% uniconazole to seed is 1:1.25x 103-5x 104.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol and base oil are respectively preheated by reacted waste heat. Preferred Component: The base oil is petroleum hydrocarbon. The amount of modified methanol depends on conditions that when produced product methanol gasoline is No.93 gasoline, modified gasoline is 30%; when produced product methanol gasoline is No.97 gasoline, modified gasoline is 50%; and when produced product methanol gasoline is M85 vehicular methanol gasoline, modified gasoline is 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel comprises (pts. wt.): printing and dyeing sludge (20-30, preferably 20), sawdust (25-35, preferably 30) and flour factory waste (30-50, preferably 30). The particle diameter of sawdust is smaller than 2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. The oil is Cornus wilsoniana oil, microalgae oil, camphor tree seed oil, catering waste oil and cottonseed oil. The large-aperture tubular reactor is seamless stainless tubular reactor or noble metal tubular reactor with inner diameter of 30 mm and length of 700 mm. Preferred Method: The sectional filling of the solid acid and solid alkali comprises filling the solid alkali in the terminal end of a reaction tube and filling the solid acid in the initial end of the reaction tube, and isolating them by using inert quartz sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreatment step comprises cutting water hyacinth into small pieces having a length of less than 60 mm; filtering to remove the impurity; and heating. It is conducted in grid, pool, heating pool, and adjustment pool. Pumping is conducted by mud pump. The gas is filtered through filter component to remove foreign materials in gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium (1000 ml) comprises (in g): peptone (35), glucose (4) and sodium chloride (3). The culture medium utilizes distilled water as solvent, and sodium hydroxide to adjust pH value to 7.2, and is sterilized for 20 minutes. Preferred Bacteria: The functional bacteria are resistant to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, midecamycin and cefuroxime, sensitive to penicillin and medium sensitive to rifampicin, erythromycin and norfloxacin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The weak alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent is sand, volcanic clay, natural clay, silica gel, zeolite, activated carbon or activated alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The separating device is centrifuge that rotates at a speed of 3000-100000 revolutions per minute. The separating device is filter whose filter press is 2-5 mPa, filter cloth aperture is 100-500 meshes and pressure is 0. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The 4-7C hydrocarbons are any one of n-butane, n-hexane, cyclohexane and isooctane. The components of the mixed solvent are fully stirred to obtain the mixed solvent. The method involves obtaining biological oil and lower alcohol to perform the ester exchange under the basic catalyst, where the dosage of the mixed solvent is 5-30% of the lower alcohol. The ratio of lower alcohol and biological oil is 5-30:1, the pressure is one atmosphere pressure, the temperature is 40-70 degrees C and the reaction time is 5-30 minutes. The continuous reaction adopts the static mixed tubular reactor. The biological oil is any one of the animal plant and/or microorganism oil. The biological oil is chosen from soybean oil, cottonseed oil, colleseed oil, rubber seed oil, tea oil, palm oil, Stillingia oil, Pistacia lentiscus oil, Cornus wilsoniana oil, castor oil, Excoecaria sebifera oil, manioca oil, microalgae oil, lard, mutton fat, chicken fat and duck fat. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol or their mixture. The catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesis method, comprises: performing oxime reaction by reacting acetic acid pregnancy double enol ketone, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, ethanol, sodium acetate aqueous solution in a reaction pot, refluxing for 1-5 hours to obtain pregnancy dehydropregnenolone acetate oxime, where the molar ratio pregnancy dehydropregnenolone acetate, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, sodium acetate is 1: 1.1-2. 5:1.1-5, and cooling by adding 1-10 times of water, centrifuging to precipitate the product, and drying. The rearrangement, hydrolysis and refining reaction in a boiler, comprises dissolving pregnancy dehydropregnenolone acetate oxime in methylene dichloride, adding triethylamine, para-toluenesulfonyl chloride, N, N-dimethyl pyridine (DMAP), reacting at -20 to 25 degrees C for 1-10 hours to obtain rearrangement product, where the molar ratio of pregnancy dehydropregnenolone acetate oxime, triethylamine, para-toluenesulfonyl chloride or benzenesulfonyl chloride, N, N-dimethyl pyridine are 1:1.1-3:1.1-2:0.001-0.1, concentrating the solvent after the reaction, adding methanol and sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction pot for reflux reaction for 1-2 hour, cooling, adding acid to neutralize until pH is 7-8, where acid is organic acid or inorganic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, adding active carbon, refluxing for 30-60 minutes, filtering, concentrating, cooling at 0-10 degrees C, centrifuging, drying, namely to obtain hydrogen dehydroepiandrosterone product. The acetic acid pregnancy double enol ketone oxime is dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane or toluene, adding triethylamine, benzenesulfonyl chloride, N, N-dimethyl pyridine (DMAP) at -20 degrees C to react at 25 V to 1-10 hours to obtain the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microalga is Tetraselmis suecica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid and the base catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The pre-treatment involves disrupting the cell wall with electrolysis, extracting the biomass after mixing with organic solvent, agitating the mixture, and centrifuging the electrolyzed microalgae. The bio-oil extraction step involves extracting bio-oil after the biomass is dissolved in non-polar organic solvent. The deoxidized bio-oil is obtained by removing the impurity after the pH of the esterified bio-oil reaches 5.5-6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inactive gas or oxygen is passed into the organic waste during hydrolysis. Acid or an alkali is used as pH controlling agent during the anaerobic fermentation process. The acid is acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or carbonic acid. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The air rectification method comprises continuously pumping in atrazine waste water from top of an air rectification tower, simultaneously blasting compressed air to blow out ethylamine and isopropamide in the waste water from the tower bottom, using hydrochloric acid to absorb a tail gas, taking ethylamine hydrochloride and isopropamide as raw materials to produce atrazine, and the analysis of atrazine in the presence of the acid comprises using inorganic acid to regulate pH of the waste water after air rectification until it becomes 1-2, extracting atrazine, performing filtration and separation to recycle atrazine in the waste water, and directly applying the treated waste water to bio-chemical treatment. The air rectification time is of 3-6 hours. The reaction in the atrazine analysis method is performed for 1-2.5 hours at room temperature. Preferred Components: The ratio of diameter to height of the air rectification tower is (1:4)-(1:8), and the air rectification tower is filled with ceramic doxycycline or polypropylene multi-surface hollow ball filler, where the height of the filler is 0.5-0.7 times of the height of the tower, and the operating condition of the air rectification tower comprises volume ratio of the gas to the liquid as 500-1000. The inorganic acid used for the atrazine analysis is concentrated sulfuric acid and/or hydrochloric acid, where the added acid is 0.1-0.4 volume% of the waste water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid. The alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membrane separator is water penetration membrane, preferably chitosan membrane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, sodium alga acid membrane or molecular sieve membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water regulator is straw, sawdust, peel, bran, fungus stick, traditional Chinese medicine dregs, livestock manure, and/or fermented material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction tank has an area of 10-30 m2 and a depth of 0.4-2 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The diluted acid is at least one chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid and it is diluted to 1-4 or 2-4 M/l of acid solution. Preferred Method: The method involves extracting the metal from solution at 4-90 degrees C for 10-15 minutes. The insoluble materials are removed by centrifuging the solution at 4000-10000 revolutions per minute for 5-15 minutes using ultrafiltration tube of 10 kDa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The green algae are enteromorpha. The zymophyte is Pachysolen tannophilus, Candida shehatae, beer yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (preferably).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass/volume of green algae powder to the water is 1-15, preferably 4-5%. The concentration of hydrogen ion during the hydrolysis is 0.2-0.3 or 1.05 mol/L. The acid used for hydrolyzing the green algae powder is sulfuric acid. Preferred Method: The hydrolysis temperature is 30-125, preferably 90 degrees C. The pH of hydrozylate containing the monosaccharide substance is regulated to 5.5-6.8 with the alkali, filtering, taking the filtrate and fermenting at 25-30, preferably 28 degrees C for 48-108, preferably 72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The top cover is provided with a stirring motor. The stirring shaft of motor extends into the cavity, and it is provided with a stirring paddle. The layer is provided with multiple noise-proof gasket between the top cover and upper part of inner wall.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The impurity removal method comprises: feeding the waste oil into a saponification tank and performing initial heating and precipitation; distilling the precipitated oil at 80-90 degrees C for layering, separating and filtering the upper layer to obtain the crude oil. The dehydration time is 3 hours. Preferred composition: The amount of the methanol is 20 % to the weight of crude oil. The amount of the lipase is 2.5 % to the weight of crude oil. The amount of water added is 20 % to the weight of crude oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonized hollow bar is light porous wooden coke having low rigidity. The content of carbon in the powdered hydrolytic coal is 65-80%. The content of alumina in the hydrolytic coal is 35% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali used for alkaline condition is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic solvent is 1-4C fatty alcohol, 3-4C fatty ketone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate and/or methyl formate. The organic solvent is 1-4C aliphatic alcohol or 3-4C aliphatic ketone, preferably ethanol or tetrahydrofuran. The mol ratio of compound (II) to compound (IV) in alkylation is 1:3-1:6. The alkylation temperature is room temperature to solvent boiling point. The method includes after mixing compound (II), organic solvent and inorganic alkali, cooling and dripping compound (III); after heating up to room temperature, reacting completely, and directly adding compound (IV) into reaction liquor; and continuing reacting at room temperature or solvent boiling point to produce compound (I); or after agitating and mixing compound (II), ethanol and sodium bicarbonate, dripping compound (III), continuing cooling and agitating, heating up to room temperature, and after reacting completely, directing dripping compound (IV) into reaction liquor; and after refluxing completely, vaporizing solvents, adding alkaline water in hot, cooling and separating crystal, and filtering to obtain compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The activated carbon catalyst is obtained by using 5-25% nitric acid solution, processing activated carbon having specific surface area of 600-1000 m2/g for 4-20 hours at 10-30 degrees C. The activated carbon is obtained by heating turf, coconut shell, and/or wood. Preferred Method: The oxidizing agent is oxygen-enriched gas having oxygen content of greater 90 vol.%. The oxidation reaction is conducted at 50-55 degrees C and 0.25-0.55 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid in N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid slurry is 30-40%. The filter cake B is washed with water to recover the catalyst, which is reused in the oxidation step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes reacting sodium thiocyanate and methyl chloroformate with catalyst and in water-soluble solvent to produce methyl isothiocyanate and reacting with o-phenylenediamine. The water-soluble solvent is ketone solvent, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, or 1,4-dioxooctane. The ketone solvent is acetone. The dosage of water-soluble solvent is 290-500 mL water-soluble solvent/mole of sodium thiocyanate. The catalyst is N,N-dimethylaniline or triethylamine. The mole ratio of sodium thiocyanate, methyl chloroformate and o-phenylenediamine is 1:1:0.013-0.06:0.45-0.48. The preparation sodium thiocyanate, methyl chloroformate and catalyst are reacted for 40-90 minutes at 30-57 degrees C in water-soluble solvent. The o-phenylenediamine that is 0.45-0.48 mole times of o-phenylenediamine is added to be reacted in reflux, where whole reaction process is carried out for 1.5-3 hours. The method further comprises cooling, filtering and drying reacted product to obtain product of thiophanate-methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is calcium oxide (preferably), magnesium oxide, alumina, calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises crystallizing product A after alkylation using an agent, and filtering. Preferred Components: The crystallizing agent is acetone (preferably), methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone or methyl tert-butyl ketone. The organic solvent for alkylating is N,N-dimethylacetylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: While preparing (II) by (III) and (IV), the molar ratio of (III), (IV) to thionyl chloride is 1:(0.8-1.2):(1.1-2.5), the reaction solvent is toluene, dichloromethane and/or acetonitrile, and the reaction temperature is -10 to 0 degrees C. While preparing (I) by (II) and tartaric acid, the reaction solvent is acetone, isopropyl ether, dimethyl ether glycol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and/or dichloromethane. Preferred Method: The preparation of (IV), comprises reacting 3-chloroaniline with sodium nitrite and fluoroboric acid to obtain 3-chlorobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate, then reacting with furan-2,5-dione to obtain 2-(3-chlorophenyl)succinic acid, and then reacting with chlorinating agent and refluxing in the presence of titanium trichloride or aluminum trichloride catalyst to obtain (IV), where the chlorinating agent is thionyl chloride or phosphorus trichloride, and the solvent is dichloromethane, chloroform or nitrobenzene. The molar ratio of 3-chloroaniline, sodium nitrite to fluoroboric acid is 1:(1-1.2):(1.1-2.5). ACTIVITY - Analgesic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Kappa-opiate receptor agonist.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate is potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation method comprises dissolving 2,6-dimethylaniline in acetone; then adding carbonate; dripping chloroacetic chloride after stirring uniformly; carrying out the reaction for 3 hours at 20-35 degrees C while stirring; filtering after finishing the reaction; after washing the filter cake until the filtrate is neutral, drying to obtain the intermediate acetyl chloride-2,6-dimethylaniline; dissolving the intermediate in acetone; then adding carbonate; dripping diethylamine after stirring uniformly; carrying out the reflux reaction for 8 hours; filtering after finishing the reaction; after vaporizing the filtrate to eliminate the solvent through reducing pressure, recrystallizing and drying to obtain the lidocaine. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the 2,6-dimethylaniline to chloroacetic chloride to carbonate is 1: 1.2-1.7:1.3-2.0 (preferably 1:1.5:1.6). The molar ratio of the intermediate acetyl chloride-2,6-dimethylaniline to diethylamine to carbonate is 1:1.5-2.5:1.2-2.0 (preferably 1: 2: 1.5). The molar ratio of the 2,6-dimethylaniline to chloroacetic chloride to diethylamine to carbonate is 1:1.2-1.7:1.5-2.5:2.5-3.5 (preferably 1:1.5:2:2.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol ratio of the prilocaine intermediate alpha -chloro-o-propionamido-methylbenzene to the potassium carbonate to the prilocaine intermediate is 1/1/2. The mass/volume ratio of the alpha -chloro-o-propionamido-methylbenzene to the acetone is 1 g/(3-5) ml. The mol ratio of the alpha -chloro-propionyl chloride to potassium carbonate to propylamine is 1/1.2/1.5/2; and the mass/volume ratio of the o-toluidine to acetone is 1 g/(6-8) ml. Preferred Method: The reflowing reaction uses thin layer chromatograph monitoring; and the developing system is ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=1/3; and 2 drops of glacial acetic acid are added. The post treatment comprises filtering the reaction liquid, decompressing the filtrate, drying by rotating, washing with water, extracting with ethyl acetate, removing water by anhydrous sodium sulfate, freezing the organic layer, adding crystal seed to separate the crystal, filtering to obtain crystal, drying in vacuum at 25 degrees C to obtain the prilocaine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The angle between the oil cylinder swinging arm and the lifting swinging arm is 60-120 degrees . The lifting shaft is rotationally set on a machine frame and a lifting shaft supporting seat. There are multiple lifting shaft supporting seats and lifting shafts, which are uniformly distributed. The roller lifting mechanism further comprises roller lifting plates. The two roller lifting plates are respectively connected with the two lifting pull rods. The two roller lifting plates are connected to the two ends of the roller.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom of the primary purifier assembly and the secondary purifier assembly is provided with a steam trap and a drain valve. The top of the primary purifier assembly is connected with a primary flange. The secondary purifier assembly is provided with a secondary flange. The secondary purifying gas tube is provided with a bio-gas pressure gauge. The primary filtering film and the second-stage filter membrane is the composite fiber membrane, micro porous membrane or nano-filter membrane. The primary purifier assembly and the secondary purifier assembly are installed on the double de-sulfurization machine support. The bottom of the primary purifier assembly and the secondary purifier assembly are provided with a discharge groove.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The gas extraction tower is 60-100 units. The bottom of recovery tower is provided with drain device and discharging device provided with drain outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The inner radius of spray pipe is 1-3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The raw material used in step (A) is the microalgae cell biomass forming algal bloom phenomenon in eutrophication water body, mainly including blue alga and green alga. The processing liquid in step (b) is low concentration acid solution including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and/or lactic acid. The extraction and hydrolysis for organic substance including nitrogen in the raw material in step (B) are performed synchronously. The produced organic nitrogen source is suitable for cultivated yeast. The yeast strain includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bi yeast and capsule yeast and Candida tropicalis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material of the membrane is polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone or aromatic polyamide. The flocculant solution is an aqueous solution of a flocculant, and the flocculant is polyacrylamide or sodium polyacrylate. The polyacrylamide is anionic polyacrylamide, where the number-average molecular weight of anion polyacrylamide is 500-1500 million and the number-average molecular weight of sodium polyacrylate is 20-80 million. The mass of the flocculant in the waste water is 2-10 ppm on the basis of the waste water generated by each cubic meter of citric acid. Preferred Method: The temperature of the membrane filtration is 40-70 degrees C at 0.3-1 Mpa, and the pH value of the waste water is 4.5-6.5. The method also includes mixing and stewing the waste water generated in the preparation of citric acid and the flocculant solution. The flocculant solution is mixed for 3-10 minutes, and stewed for 10-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing by crushing dry method or wet method, where the dry crushing utilize dry technology to remove large seaweed biomass in most of the water, adding water to large algal biomass in the weight ratio of 1:10-1:30, and the wet crushing is modulating large seaweed biomass with the water in the weight ratio of 1:10-1:30, and adjusting the water content after the large algal biomass. The hydrolysis catalyst comprises sulfate, hydrochloric acid or ozone. The mole concentration of the hydrolysis catalyst is 0.05-5 mol/l, where the hydrolysis process is performed at 30-200 degrees c for 20-300 minutes. The filtering process is performed by centrifugal technology. The mass ratio of activated carbon and zeolite or adsorption resin is 0.1-2%. The sterilizing process is performed for 15-50 minutes. The nitrogen source substance is one or more or yeast extract, urea or ammonium sulfate. Preferred Algae: The large algal biomass comprises Laminaria japomca, Lachemilla angustata Kjellm, Gracilaria verrucosa (Huclson Papenf), G.gigas Harvey, G. bursa-pastoris (Gmel.) (Silva), G.tenuistipitata C.F.Chang&B.M.Xia, G.blodgettii (Harv), Ulva, U.pertusa or U.fasciata. Preferred Strain: The fermenting strain comprises Aeromonas mobilis, Zymomonas mobilis Pomaceae, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tree trunk Pichia stipitis, Pachysolen tannophilus, Candida tropicalis, C.shehatae, Bacillus stearothermophilus, S.carlsbergensis, S.rourii, Schizosaccharomyces, or Kluyveromyces lactis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas phase medium comprises an organic medium and an inorganic medium. Preferred Method: The pre-processing of biomass raw materials comprises cutting, crushing or soaking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: 3-5% Sodium hydrogen sulfite is used for extracting organic layer and decomposing and removing micro-oxidizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of the ethyl vinyl acetonitrile to sodium tungstate or (ammonium tungstate) is 1000:1 to 500: 1. The ratio of the ethyl vinyl acetonitrile to trioctyl ammonium bisulfate is 1000:1 to 500:1. The ratio of the ethyl vinyl acetonitrile to phenyl phosphoric acid (or phenyl phosphinic acid) is 1000: 1 to 500:1. The ratio of the ethyl vinyl acetonitrile to 30% of hydrogen peroxide is 1:2 to 1:4. The organic solvent used in extracting aqueous layer is ethyl acetate and toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The polybasic light coordinated hydride hydrogen storage material is obtained by (a) uniformly mixing alkali metal hydride (MH) with pure aluminum powder in the molar ratio of 3:1 in the presence of protective atmosphere of inert gas, placing the mixed powder in ball milling tank of ball milling machine and vacuum degassing the mixture after sealing the ball milling tank, (b) infusing tetrahydrofuran (2-50 ml) into the ball milling tank, filling the tank with 0.5-0.8 MPa of hydrogen, ball milling the tank for 2-30 hours on the ball milling machine and obtaining M3AlH6 intermediate hydride, (c) discharging hydrogen into the ball milling tank, adding anhydrous calcium chloride powder having equal molar number to the synthesized MCaAlH6, ball milling the tank for 10-15 hours after sealing the ball milling tank and obtaining MCaAlH6 coordinated hydride and MCl side product, and (d) distilling, filtering and purifying the reaction product obtained in step (c), removing MCl side product and obtaining the MCaAlH6 polybasic light coordinated hydride. Preferred Method: The ball-material ratio of the ball milling process is 10-40:1. The rotation speed of the ball milling machine is 200-500 revolutions per minute (rpm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The dead livestock animals are pulverized to a particle size of less than 7 mm. An additive is added to the silicic acid to obtain specific silicic acid. Preferred Method: The method involves subjecting the stirred mixture to heat treatment at 120 degrees C or more and 1 atmospheric pressure for more than 20 minutes. The primary and secondary sterilization of the pulverized animal particles is carried out simultaneously, using specific silicic acid and high-temperature thermal treatment. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises the pulverizer and specific silicic acid storage connected by the dissolving tank and a connecting valve. The dissolving tank comprises heat-treating equipment of high temperature and a stirring device for mixing the finely pulverized animals and specific silicic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is chosen from carbonate alkali metal, hydroxide alkali metal, ammonia solution and trialkylamine. The carbonate alkali metal is sodium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. The hydroxide alkali metal is sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The trialkylaime is trimethylamine. The pH is maintained to 7.5-8 at step (b). The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfonic acid. The concentration of cephalosporin antibiotic in methanol is 5-20. ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Respiratory-Gen.; Antibacterial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (b), the frequency of the microwave radiation is 150-500 Hz, and the radiation time is 5-15 minutes. In step (b), the mixture is heated at 50-100 degrees C and then the heat is maintained for 20-40 minutes. The mass ratio of the cyanobenzene to the carbene catalyst 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole chlorate is 100:27. The mass ratio of cyanobenzene to triethylamine is 100:1. The mass ratio of the cyanobenzene added in step (a) to the acrylonitrile added in step (b) is 1:1. The solvent is chosen from benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The stirring tank is located above the ground.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substance consisting of polypropylene, polyester and polyvinylchloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration to 2-3 mg/l, and activated sludge (SS) value of the culture medium to 2000-3500 mg/l. The culture process involves maintaining continuous lighting and aeration throughout the process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The secondary combustion chamber is provided with independent secondary air supply device. The incinerator is divided into three furnaces by heat exchange pipeline. The secondary combustion chamber is controlled at 1100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol alkylation reaction is carried out at 0.01-0.5 MPa and 180-600 degrees C. The aromatization reaction is carried out at 0.01-0.5 MPa and 180-600 degrees C. The methanol alkylation reaction and the aromatization reaction use ZXM molecular sieve load catalyst. The mixture is purified and separated by low-temperature copious cooling, oil absorption, pressure swing adsorption rectification and extract distillation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basic material is chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material and alcohol are used during manufacturing of biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The stirred materials comprise (pts.wt.) restaurant wastes (80-130), water adjusting auxiliary materials (5-10) and organism adjusting auxiliary materials (10-20); and have water content in the stirred tank of 50-60%. The water adjusting auxiliary materials are waste papers, saw powder, rice husks, or straws. The organism adjusting auxiliary materials are composted recycled materials that have been fermented. The ground restaurant wastes have water content of 65-75%. Preferred Method: When stirring, the agitator first rotates for 10 minutes at a speed of 60 revolutions/minute, and then it rotates for 50-60 minutes at a speed of 120 revolutions/minute to make final temperature of the mixed materials in the stirred tank at 80-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcoholic solution is ethanol. The method enables utilizing a volatilization inhibitor that is chosen from sorbitol or glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further involves growing perennial ryegrass and alfalfa in between the planted timber, and dispersing the oil treatment reagent in the polluted area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The stirring container comprises container for collecting concentrated cell culture residual liquid. It is connected with medicinal pumped through stirring tank by pump body. The stirring tank has side connected with gravity concentration device. The gravity condensing device and concentrated liquid filter device are set in T-shaped shell body. The gravity condensing device comprises certain inclination angle on filter cloth in T-shaped shell. It is provided with supporting and driving effect under filter cloth-shaped roller. The inner T-shaped shell of stirring tank is provided with concentrated liquid from dilator. The filter cloth is provided with concentrated liquid spraying opening retractor. The concentrated solution filtering device comprises gravity concentration device for concentrating liquid by pressure of pre-pressing device that forms wedge structure. The gravity condensing device and concentrated liquid filtering device also form wedge structure. The gravity condensing device comprises kitchen knife shape transmission set on T-shaped shell of filter cloth for supporting and driving under filter cloth on kitchen knife shape transmission roller wheel. The filter cloth is provided with lower L-shaped transmission plate and L-shaped folding plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ratio of vapor flow rate with respect to biomass gasification raw material feeding speed is 0.73-1.02.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell or an alkaline fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal-containing mixture comprises water. The granularity of the coal powder is 800 meshes or much finer, preferably 1000 meshes or much finer. The volatile matter of coal powder is more than 20 wt.%. The content of the sulfur of the coal powder is less than 0.5 wt.%. The coal powder basically does not contain substance with density more than 2 kg/cm3. The low-grade alkanol is 1-4C straight-chain alkanol, preferably methanol and/or ethanol. The inorganic alkali is metal carbonate or metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide. The tackifier is crude oil substance or crude oil asphalt. The coal-containing mixture comprises (wt.%) low-grade alkanol (10-25, preferably 15-20), tackifier (5-20, preferably 10-15), inorganic alkali (0.5-5, preferably 1-3), and water (3-10, preferably 5-8). The first mixture further comprises water; and involving mixing low-grade alkanol, inorganic alkali and tackifier to prepare pre-mixture, introducing water steam into the pre-mixture for preparing the first mixture. Preferred Processes: The radio frequency is mechanical radio frequency. The frequency of the radio frequency is more than 50000 (preferably more than 60000) Hz. The irradiation step is carried out under 0.1-8 (preferably 0.3-0.5) MPa. The method further comprises increasing temperature of coal-containing mixture at 30-50 (preferably 35-42) degrees C, and irradiating coal-containing mixture for 0.5-3 (preferably 1-2) hours. The coal-containing mixture is obtained by obtaining first mixture containing low-grade alkanol, inorganic alkali and tackifier, and mixing coal powder with the first mixture to prepare coal-containing mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biological methanol is purified by natural gas made from sewage gas. The raw biological methanol has a purity of above 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Monomer: The vinyl monomer is chosen from styrene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3- butylene glycol dimethacrylate, maleic anhydride, 4-vinyl phenyl boronic acid, vinyl acrylate and vinyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nanofiber is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyester, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene and cellulose. The polymer is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The ratio of lipase, surfactant, and metallic ions is 80:15:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding promoter (C1) into an aeration unit for treating oil-containing wastewater; and keeping dissolved oxygen in the unit at not less than 2 mg/L and sludge concentration within 1-5 g/L, where sludge age is the same with the primary operation. The biological processing unit is a traditional activated sludge method processing unit, sequencing batch activated sludge processing unit, contact oxidation processing unit, or biological rotating disk processing unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic ions are copper and silver cations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is benzalkonium bromide and benzalkonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The centralized biogas generator comprises a fermentation tank, a stirring tank, a feeding device, a sludge pump and a discharging device. The stirring device is arranged in the fermentation device. The feeding device is connected with the fermentation device through the sludge pump. The discharge device is connected to the fermentation device. The biogas desulfurization and dehydrating device comprises a water-sealed tank and a desulfurizing tank. The water-sealed tank is located in the fermentation tank, located between the desulfurizing tank and the mixer. The gas tank is the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. The mixer is a ejector-type mixer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The grinding system, the water separating chamber, fermentation vessel, and the drying and sterilizing operation room are installed on a water groove under the surface of a sealed shell. The water groove is connected with the lower opening of a drain pipe through a gas returning pipe and the waste inlet of the grinding system. A gas valve of waste gas discharging pipe of the sealed shell is arranged under the water pipe. The drying and sterilizing operation room is provided with a fertilizer outlet of the storage container. The waste gas discharge pipe is connected with a soft connection through a corrugated pipe or rubber pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The feed conveyor, scrap conveyor, recycling conveyor, product conveyor and storage conveyor are belt conveyors. The bag filter is a pulse bag filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The drying upgrade cylinder has a diameter of 60-200 mm and height of 1000-300000 mm. The screw length of the spiral pyrolysis reactor is 80-2500 mm. The larger and the smaller diameter of screw thread is 50-200 mm. The screw distance of the screw thread is 30-80 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The clay is kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, montmorillonite or hydromica clay. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid (5-10 mol/l) or nitric acid (5-10 mol/l), and the alkali is sodium hydroxide (7-10 mol/l).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extracellular polysaccharides aqueous solution is the mixed solution of glucose, rhamnose and mannose in a mass ratio of 5:3:2 or 4:4:2 or 3:4:3. The average pore diameter of the high-density porous carrier is 20-100 mu m. The density of the high-density porous carrier is 1.3-1.8 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The pore-forming agent is nylon, Orlon (RTM: Acrylic fiber), polypropylene fiber, cotton thread, terylene or carbon fiber. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol-400, polyvinyl alcohol or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme preparation part comprises the solid monomer enzyme raw materials comprising (in wt.%): either xylanase (25), cellulase (20), lipase (10), pectinase (7), protease (8), amylase (5), glucoamylase (15) and glucanase (10); or xylanase (29), cellulase (20), lipase (8), pectinase (7), protease (5), amylase (5), glucoamylase (16) and glucanase (10). The weight ratio of the enzyme preparation part to the microelement part is 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microelement comprises (in wt.%) either zinc sulfate (14), phosphate rock powder (20), steelmaking slag (17), calcium carbonate (16), furnace ash (20), active carbon (5) and AEO-9 (RTM: Non-ionic surfactant) (8), or zinc sulfate (15), phosphate rock powder (25), steelmaking slag (15), calcium carbonate (7), furnace ash (25), active carbon (5) and AEO-9 (RTM: Non-ionic surfactant) (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline comprises methanol (90%), gasoline (2%), propionaldehyde (1%), acetone (6%) and benzene (1%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative pole catalyst is molybdenum, copper, iron and/or nickel or alloy. The positive pole catalyst is iridium, ruthenium, palladium and/or nickel or alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigerant composition comprises (pts. wt.) difluoromethane (45-55), pentafluoroethane (40-55) and iso-butane (2-7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high clarity alcohol fuel oil comprises (pts.wt.) ferrocene (0.03-0.05), scrubbing oil (25-40, preferably 25-35), methanol (65-75, preferably 70-75), methylbenzene (1-2), acetone (2-3), and isobutanol (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is an iron-chromium-aluminum-alumina composite substrate.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Methanol is industrial methanol having purity of 99.9%. Gasoline is a mixture of distilled gasoline, top gasoline, and number 90 commercial gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel comprises (wt.%): acid oil (50-62), methanol (10-18), desulfurated heavy benzol (15-30), light oil (3-5) and catalysis additive (0.5-0.6). The catalysis additive is nano fuel oil additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gasoline comprises (wt.%): methanol (15-25), gasoline (66-78.5), methyl tertbutyl ether (2-10), ethanol (1-3), Tween 20 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) or Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) (0.3-1.8), dimethylbenzene (0.5-1.5), toluene (0.1-0.5), and tertbutanol (1-2.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reaction of glycerin with hydrogen is carried out at 100 degrees C and 20 bar pressure by using zinc oxide catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tower body has a shape of parallelepiped or a cylinder, where the suction funnel is disposed inside the rotary screen cage, and suction fan is provided close to the screen and opposite to the lateral gate of the body for generating internal low pressure to suck thin and light objects passing through and sticking them into the surface of the rotary screen cage. The rotary screen cage is cylindrical and rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis at a height equivalent to the height of the lateral gate and having a rotational speed of 1 rpm. The air admission tower further comprises: a first conveyor disposed on the bottom of the tower for receiving and conveying the heavy material flow falling from the top the tower; and a second conveyor disposed on the bottom of the side chamber of the rotary screen cage for collecting and conveying thin-film plastics falling off the surface of the rotary screen cage when the surface rotates off the position of the suction funnel. The air admission tower is box shaped. The aeration pipe is disposed in the middle of the annealing tower, through the length of the annealing tower. The annealing tower further comprises a suction fan above the opening of the aeration pipe to suck out the air in the aeration pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The feeding gas-solid nozzle is a tapered nozzle. The top end of the furnace refers to an upper part or side wall of the furnace. A cyclone separator is installed between the feeding gas-solid nozzle and the fluidized nozzle. The cyclone separator is fixed on the inner wall of the furnace. A heat exchanger is installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed. The heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger. The water content of the biomass material is less than 10 wt.%, and the particle size of the biomass material is 100 mu -2 mm. Preferred Method: The step (ii) further comprises heating the biomass pyrolysis gas at 500-700 degrees C for carrying out thermal cracking reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracting process is performed by using percolator and/or device identical to the percolator and organic solvent is chosen from water, and ethanol containing water and acetone as percolation agent. Preferred Component: The mixed solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol as extract agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The purifying and recycling device comprises a water bath purifier, decoking device, condensate separator, condensate circulating water pool, wood vinegar recycling pool and wood tar recycling pool. The bottom of the water bath purifier is connected to the filtering and purifying pool though the pipeline. The water bath purifier is connected to the wood vinegar recycling pool. The water bath purifier adopts low price structure. The water bath purifier is provided with a water nozzle. The water bath purifier is connected to the decoking device. The decoking device is equipped with filter plates. The filter plates are separated by a filter chamber. The filter chamber is filled with filter material. The decoking device adopts low price structure. The air outlet of the decoking device is connected to the condensate separator by the pipeline. The condensate separator is connected to the condensate circulating water pool. The condensate separator is provided with a condensation chamber. The condensation chamber is provided with a condensing pipe. The bottom of the condensate separator is provided with a collector. The air outlet of the condensate separator is connected to a draft fan through pipeline. A water nozzle is set on the upper and lower inner part of the water bath purifier relative to two ends. The water nozzle has a dual nozzle structure. The condensate separator extends to the bottom of the condensing chamber through the pipeline. The draft fan is a centrifugal fan. The light structure of tail gas processing device comprises a gas separator connected with a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is connected to atmosphere through an air valve. The mixing chamber is installed on the combustible gas conveying pipeline. The combustible gas conveying pipe is installed in the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is installed on an ignition device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each AC/DC rectifier is orderly connected with a boost converter and a buck converter, where the direct current is converted into a required voltage for hydrogen producing device. The production of hydrogen utilizes non-grid type wind turbine generator set and wind energy, where each AC/DC rectifier output ends are in parallel, connected with a network branch, and then connected with the boost converter, a buck converter and hydrogen production device. The branch network comprises a network, a switch and AC/DC rectifier. The output end of the electric network is connected with the switch and AC/DC rectifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (iv) comprises feeding the sludge for hydrolysis into a hydrolysis liquid storage tank, and lifting the sludge into a sludge disposal system by a hydrolysis refluxing pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is 2',3'-di-o-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (preferred), 2',3'-bis-(o-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine or 5'-deoxy-2',3'-o-isopropylidene-5-fluorocytidine. The aprotic solvent is aromatic hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, aliphatic ether and/or polar aprotic solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene or xylene. The halohydrocarbon is dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane. The aliphatic ether is methyl tertiary-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. The polar aprotic solvent is dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide. Preferred Method: The molar ratio of (I) to 1,1'-carbonyl-di(1,2,4-triazole) to n-amyl alcohol is 1:1.5-3:1.5-3. The temperature of the reaction of forming (III) is 0-40 degrees C (preferably 20-30 degrees C) and the reaction time is 6-36 hours. The capecitabine crude product is purified by re-crystallizing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The soaking step is carried out at normal temperature for 1-3 (preferably 2) hours for 1-2 (preferably 2) times. The aqueous saturated sodium acetate solution and the ginkgo root bark are at mass ratio of 3-5:1, preferably 3-4:1. The leaching step is carried out with hot water at 50-70 degrees C for 1-4.5 hours for 3-5 times. The hot water and ginkgo root bark are at mass ratio of 4-7:1. The condensing step is carried out until leaching liquid volume is 1/10-1/15 to obtain condensate. The dissolving step comprises dissolving the condensate with 95% aqueous ethanol at volume ratio of 1:2-6 (preferably 1:3-4) for 20-40 (preferably 30) minutes. The extracting step is carried out for 2-4 times, and the ethyl acetate and the condensate are at volume ratio of 1:2-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of methyl alcohol is not smaller than 95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of catalyst body comprises atomizing and drying materials comprising nickelous nitrate, aluminum hydroxide and light magnesium oxide; or using aluminum precipitating agent to neutralize suspension or solution comprising nickelous nitrate and magnesium nitrate or light magnesium oxide. The firing is done by using nitrogen replacing system, assuring that volume percentage content of oxygen in the system is less than or equal to 0.5%, holding the system pressure at 0.01-0.05 MPa, enabling the idle speed at 50-100/hour, heating at 120-130 degrees C with a temperature gradient of 50-70 degrees C/hour, maintaining temperature for 2-5 hour, heating further at 250 degrees C with a temperature gradient of 30-70 degrees C/hour, maintaining temperature for 2-5 hour, enabling the crystalline water to clean, heating at 700-1000 degrees C with a temperature gradient of 10-70 degrees C/hour, and maintaining temperature for 3-6 hour to form catalyst precursor having nickel aluminate. The pre-reducing further comprises desulfurating the catalyst by detecting reducing air sulfur content in the system when the reaction temperature in the pre-reducing reactor is at 650-750 degrees C, switching the air into the desulfurating tower when the volume of the reducing air sulfur content in the system is 0.1 ppm, and desulfurating for 10-12 hours when the temperature is less than 800 degrees C. The pre-reducing is performed at 700-1100 degrees C and pressure of 0.05-0.1 MPa for 100-800 hours. Preferred Component: The aluminum precipitating agent is sodium metaaluminate. The methane catalyst has (mass%) aluminum oxide (40-80), nickel (10-30), and magnesium oxide (10-30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method above, the organic matter in step (a) is the animal and plant waste from daily life and production and animal and plant waste from food residue and kitchen waste. The cylinder of the pyrolysis kettle in step (d) is the double-layer structure; heat medium is filled in the sandwich; the heat medium is heated out of the kettle and filled in the sandwich; the temperature is kept at 120-150 degrees C; and the heat medium is high-temperature resistant oil and water. The amount of the oxidant in the step (b) and (c) is 0.3-0.7 M3/minute. Removing impurity and heavy metal in step (d) uses flocculence; the heavy metal ion is captured with the high molecular weight cationic flocculant; the flocculants are separated in a float selecting method; the particle suspended matter in the pyrolysis liquid is captured with high molecular weight anionic or non-ionic flocculant; the flocculants and water are separated in a precipitation method; they are filtered to collect the anionic or non-ionic flocculant as the organic matter to be fed to the step (c) to be pyrolyzated; and the treated water is ultra-filtered and deeply cleaned to feed to the water system for production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The addition reaction is reacted at 20-80 degrees C for 8-20 hours. The linking reaction is performed under reflux temperature of anhydride for 2-4 hours. Preferred Composition: The oxidant is aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (5-15 weight%). The anhydride is provided as solvent in the linking reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reduction reaction and modification reaction are carried out in presence of protection reagent of amino group. The methoxy group-containing compound (I) is obtained by hydrolyzing thiophene-containing compound of formula (IV) to obtain carboxyl group-containing compound of formula (V), decarboxylating carboxyl group-containing compound (V) to obtain pyrrole-containing compound of formula (VI), and subjecting pyrrole-containing compound (VI) to nitrosation. The thiophene-containing compound (IV) is obtained by modifying imine group of halogen-containing compound of formula (VII) to obtain carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (VIII) or (IX), reacting carbonyl group-containing compound (VIII) or (IX) with sulfur-containing compound of formula: M2S (XX), reacting reaction product of carbonyl group-containing compound (VIII) or (IX) and sulfur-containing compound (XX) with methoxy group-containing compound of formula (X) to obtain carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (XI) or (XII), and subjecting carbonyl group-containing compound (XI) or (XII) to cyclization and deprotection.R5=1-6C alkyl or 6-10-membered aryl-1-6C alkyl;X,X1=halo, preferably bromo;andPr2=protecting group of imine group, preferably 1-isopropyl ethyl. Preferred Definitions:    R3=ethyoxymethyl;    R4=methoxy;and    Pr'=tert-butoxycarbonyl.    ACTIVITY - None Given. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The system further has extractor, container and boat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The medium comprises fresh water, brackish water, salt water, marine water, briny water, commercial wastewater, residential wastewater and/or agricultural wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material contains polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, vinyl, rayon, cotton, hemp, wool, silk, polyolefin, acrylic, nylon, flax, jute, glass, pina, coir, straw, bamboo, velvet, felt, lyocell, spandex, polyurethane, olefin, polylactide and/or carbon fibers. The fibers comprise cut fibers and/or looped fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the thermolysis of biomass containing lignin, the biomass and the clay are mixed with 30-70 wt.% of water on the basis the total of biomass, clay and water, where the mixture of biomass and clay is solidified prior to the pyrolysis. The process comprises: (a) mixing the biomass containing lignin, and the clay and pre-treating the mixture by pelletizing the mixture to provide a pelletized starting material; (b) introducing the pelletized starting material to a reactor; and (c) pyrolyzing the pelletized starting material in the reactor. The biomass comprises at least 80 wt.% of lignin on a dry weight basis. The clay comprises a hormite clay, preferably a sepiolite clay or an attapulgite clay. The clay comprises a bentonite clay. The process further comprises the steps of recovering a particulate carbonaceous product and a liquid product containing lignin monomers. The biomass and the clay are mixed in a weight ratio of 90:10-10:90, based on the dry weight of the materials. The pretreatment comprises: (a1) providing a paste of biomass, clay and water; (a2) extruding the paste; (a3) providing particulate material; and (a4) drying the particulate material to provide the pelletized starting material. The pelletized starting material comprises pellets having mean dimensions in the range of 0.25-10 mm. The pyrolysis is performed in a fluidized bed reactor, where the pyrolysis is performed at a temperature in the range of 300-700 degrees C, especially in the range of 350-550 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ion: The high valence metal ion includes one or more of highest valence ion or middle valence ion of tungsten, zirconium, iridium, yttrium, manganese, ruthenium, cerium, vanadium, zinc, tin and lanthanum. The total concentration of high valence metal ions in the solution containing high valence metal ion is 0.0001-0.5 mol/L, and time of the impregnation treatment is 5-100 minutes, preferably 30-100 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorine-containing polymer membrane is made of one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer. The ion exchange resin is chosen from perfluorinated sulfonic resin of formula (IV)-(VII) and perfluorinated phosphoric resin of formula (VIII). The groups having ion exchange function is chosen from sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, perfluorosulfonic acid monomer of formula: CF2=CFO(CF2CF(-CF3)O)h(CF2)iSO2A (I), perfluorocarboxylic acid monomer of formula: CF2=CFO(CF2CF(-CF3)O)j(CF2)kCO2B' (II) and perfluorophosphoric acid monomer of formula: CF2=CFO(CF2)lP(=O)(-OD')(-OD') (III). The thickness of fluorine-containing polymer membrane is less than 100 mu m, preferably 5-20 mu m, porosity of 60-97% and diameter of 0.2-5 mu m.m=0-2;p=2-5;x,y=3-15;a,b=3-15;a',b'=1-3;x'/(x'+y')=0.2-0.8;y'/(x'+y')=0.2-0.8;x'/(x'+y')=0.4-0.6;y'/(x'+y')=0.4-0.6;M,M'=H, K, Na or NH4;c,d,g=3-15;c',d'=1-3;x''/(x''+y''+z''),x'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.2-0.7;y''/(x''+y''+z''),y'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.2-0.79;z''/(x''+y''+z''),z'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.01-0.1;x''/(x''+y''+z''),x'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.4-0.6;y''/(x''+y''+z''),y'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.34-0.58;z''/(x''+y''+z'')=0.02-0.06;Q=CN or Br;r-t=3-15;r',s',t'=1-3;q=0-3;z'''/(x'''+y'''+z''')=0.02-0.05;e=2-20;f=1-3;h=0-1;i=1-5;A=F, Cl, Br, OH, methoxy or ONa;j=0-1;k=1-5;B',D'=methyl, H or ethyl;andl=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The total microbial content in the microbial inoculum is greater than or equal to 2x 108 ml. The lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Bifidobacterium or Pediococcus. The yeast is brewers' yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum, Hansenula, Torulopsis, Candida, Rhodotorula or Geotrichum candidum. The nitrobacteria are nitrobacteria and nitrosobacteria. The Actinomycete is Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium or Actinoplanes. The mold is Aspergillus, Penicillium or Catellatospora. Preferred Method: The fermentation material (500-1500 g) is added to mixed bacteria liquid (1 l) obtained from step (a). The method of preparing the bamboo charcoal in the process of mixing and fermenting microbial inoculum comprises heating charcoal as furnace material, discharging when furnace temperature is heated to 200 degrees C, adding bamboo block waste and continuously heating up to 700-1000 degrees C and terminating heat supply, taking the charcoal when the temperature reaches to normal temperature, crushing and sieving.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The shed frame is planted with an edible mushroom. An adsorbent is hung under the shed frame. The greenhouse is composed of detachable transparent plastic boards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The papermaking sludge has total nutrient content of 4-5% and water content of 80-85%. The EM original liquid fermentation diluent is prepared by adding brown sugar to EM stock solution, diluting with water (10 times), placing in sealed container and anaerobically fermenting at pH 3-3.5 to obtain second generation EM bacterial liquid, adding brown sugar (1/1.2) to second generation EM bacterial liquid, diluting with water (10 times), and placing in sealed container and anaerobically fermenting at pH 3-3.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component of micro-emulsion diesel oil comprises (in parts by wt.) mineral diesel oil (35-50, preferably 40-50), biomass component (25-40, preferably 30-40), water (10-20, preferably 10-15) and composite emulsifier (10-20, preferably 10-15). The mineral diesel oil comprises: No.10, 0, -5, -10, -20, and -35 light diesel oil, and No.10, 20 and 30 heavy diesel oil, straight-run diesel oil, catalytic diesel oil and coking diesel oil. The biomass component is the fusel oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite emulsifier comprises (in parts by wt.) acid oil (30-60), non-ionic surfactant (0.5-0.6), ethanolamine (0.5-2.0), aqueous ammonia (2-10) and methanol (30-60). The acid oil is soybean acid oil, corn acid oil, rapeseed acid oil, cotton seed acid oil, castor acid oil and/or animal fat acid oil. The composite emulsifier comprises (in parts by wt.): Span80 (RTM: Non-ionic co-surfactant sorbitan monooleate) (0.5-3) and Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) (0.5-3). The biomass component is the fusel oil comprising (in wt. %) propanol (10-25, preferably 15-25), butanol (10-24, preferably 15-24), amyl alcohol (25-50, preferably 25-40), hexyl alcohol (0.3-0.6, preferably 0.1-0.3) and water (2-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (iii), the combustion improver comprises (in %): calcium oxide, potassium nitrate (15), sodium nitrate (13), sodium silicate (13), sodium chloride (10), magnesium nitrate (9), potassium perchlorate (3), dimethyl ether (3), potassium perchlorate (2), potassium permanganate (2) and potassium dichromate (2). Preferred Method: The temperature of the mixing machine is not greater than 80 degrees C. The step (vi) comprises: based on different stoves, pressing the biomass fuel into the required shape and specification to combust using a granulating machine or a block-press machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises removing dust before tempering and aging, and absorbing light dust in raw material via negative pressure; adding auxiliary after tempering and aging and adding proper amount of coal powder into biomass raw material; and removing iron granule in the raw material via a magnet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water content of each component according to mass ratio is 10-25%. The diameter of the fuel is 25-35mm and length is 50-100 mm circles shaped. The length, width and height of the fuel are respectively 35 mm, 30 mm, 50-100mm cubic shape. Preferred Method: The coal catalyst is formed by mixing (mass%) sodium bicarbonate (15-20), sodium chloride (10-15), calcium oxide (45-55), sodium nitrate (10-15), and potassium permanganate (3-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The infectious microbe in alkaline hydrolysis process is dissolved in a sterile aqueous solution. The alkaline hydrolysis process is performed using salt solution. The unique solid by-product is vertebrate bone and tooth of the mineral constituent, where these solid residues are easily crushed to form calcium and phosphorus powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria embedded in immobilized microsphere are Paracoccus sp. D17 (CGMCC No.3718) or Paracoccus sp. D24 (CGMCC No.3717).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solvent of suspension liquid of step (A) is proliferation culture medium comprising (g/L): glucose (20), yeast cream (3), peptone (2), ammonium nitrate (1), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2), and potassium chloride (0.2), where pH of the culture medium is 7.8. Preferred Method: The step (A) includes preparing Lysogeny Broth liquid culture medium, sterilizing at high temperature, cooling to room temperature, obtaining enriched culture medium, preparing proliferation culture medium, sterilizing at high temperature, cooling and storing; inoculating 5% of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria into enriched culture medium on aseptic operation platform, vibrating and culturing in shaker bed at 25-30 degrees C, collecting bacterial liquid, and centrifuging to obtain wet thallus; and uniformly mixing thallus with proliferation culture medium. The step (D) involves using constant flow pump for dropping mixture into calcium chloride solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of sodium alginate to attapulgite is 1-6:0.5-3, preferably 3.5:1. The concentration ratio of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, sodium alginate, attapulgite and calcium chloride is 1-4:1-6:0.5-3:2-8, preferably 4:3.5:1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The microalgae oil is extracted from the algae powder via a Soxhlet fat extractor. Normal hexane is used as algae powder solvent, and continuous extractions are carried out for greater than or equal to 8 hours. Reaction is carried out at 35-60 (preferably 45) degrees C for 24-48 (preferably 48) hours. The reaction product fatty acid methyl ester is separated and obtained by centrifuging. Methyl alcohol and alcohol-oil at a molar ratio of 3:1 is added in the microalgae oil. About 100 mg expanding mold lipase is added. Preferred Component: The measurements for the saponification value and the acid value are GB/T 5534-2008 and GB/T 5530-2005 respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The second chamber is provided with conductor at two sides of the groove. The conductor is copper bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The left pressure-resisting supporting piece and the right pressure-resisting supporting piece comprise titanium alloys. The left electrode supporting piece, the right electrode supporting piece, and the oxygen generating chamber are 301L stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves after the fermentation temperature reaches 55-70%, maintaining the temperature for 5 days, if the moisture content exceeds 35%, obtaining straw gasification boiler or combustion boiler as heat source, and fixing the boiler with organic fertilizer drying furnace to heat and dry the mixture until the water content of the mixture reaches 25-35%. Preferred Components: The fuel of the heating device is fuel produced from plant rich in organic potassium by pressing method. The plant ash is produced by combustion of plant containing 15-30% of organic potassium which can be used as additive for producing the organic fertilizer product to increase fermentation speed and organic potassium content. The flocculant is polyacrylamide having molecular weight of 1000000. The aerobic microorganism inoculant is obtained subjected from ion beam radiation induction selection and named as LYL bactericide. The adjustor is (in parts weight) plant ash (1000), dry or half-dried livestock excrement (500), straw powder mixture (500) and their mixtures. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer further comprises (in %): organic substance ( not less than 30), water content ( not greater than 20), nitrogen (3-5), total phosphorus (5-8), total potassium (5-8), calcium (0.2-0.4), magnesium (0.2-0.4), boron (0.2-0.4), zinc (0.2-0.4) and manganese (0.2-0.4). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The desulfurizing pipe is provided with multiple small holes, where the diameter of the small hole is smaller than the diameter of a desulfurizing agent, and the desulfurizing agent is ferric oxide. The water accumulation part is matched with the gas intake pipe and can be dismounted freely. The gas intake pipe is of curve shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves pulverizing the wool and dehydrating microbial culture in waste food substances before mixing process. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The organic fertilizer is sprayed on crops and livestock shed.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves performing biofortification by inoculating microorganism obtained by mixing cellulose decomposition bacteria, carbohydrate decomposition bacteria, protein decomposition bacteria and fatty acid decomposition bacteria in the hydrolysis period of anaerobic digestion, hydrogen and acetic acid generating bacteria in the period of hydrogen and acetic acid generating process, and methane bacteria in the period of methane generating process. The methane slag, the partial methane liquid, the crushed straw and the partial excrement are mixed for performing the aerobic composting process when the compost is mixed, the mechanical ventilation or the manual piling the compost is performed at regular time. The straw is crushed into length of 1-2 cm, and soaked in the methane liquid, where the ratio of dry straw and methane liquid is 1:1.8. The water content of straw is 50-60%. The methane slag, soaked straw and the fecal sewage are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:0.5. The inoculum (0.1%) is added for performing the aerobic composting and performing the ventilation or manual piling at regular time. The anaerobic digestion and the biofortification are performed simultaneously by discharging anaerobic tank material (10-20%) once, adding predetermined microbial inoculum to the anaerobic digestion tank, where the inoculum size is 1 plus minus 0.05% of the total mass in the tank, adding fresh material (3.3-6.6%) every two days so that the bacteria are rich, and feeding the materials are fed and discharged normally after three days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The dosage of the bacterial liquid which expands EM is 10 kg with respect to each ton of the sheep manure and the furfural slag. Preferred Component: The special biological organic fertilizer further comprises auxiliary material (10-15%), where the auxiliary material is used for increasing content of microelement in the fertilizer using ore containing microelements. The ore containing microelements chosen from calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc are added to fertilizer after the ore is crushed into powder. Preferred Method: The method further involves adding the above-cited auxiliary material. The distance between the biological organic fertilizer and the planted watermelon seedling is 15-20 cm, where the amount of biological organic fertilizer is 80 kg/ mu . ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer composition contains the following amino acids as measured by high-efficiency liquid chromatography (in %): cysteine (0.03), aspartic acid (2.17), glutamic acid (1.81), serine (0.86), glycine (1.64), histidine (0.31), arginine (12.38), threonine (1.27), alanine (2.98), proline (31.99), tyrosine (0.75), valine (2.59), methionine (0.43), cysteine (0.02), isoleucine (1.28), leucine (1.44), phenylalanine (0.62), and lysine (0.95). The marine by-products are marine organism by-products including marine product internal organs and non-finished marine products. The effective microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, Actinomycetes and filamentous bacteria. Preferred Method: The method for using the fertilizer composition comprises: diluting the fertilizer to 800-1000 times the original volume and using for foliage dressing on leafy vegetables and flowers, or diluting to 600-800 times the original volume and used for root feeding on leafy vegetables and flowers; diluting the fertilizer to 500-800 times the original volume and used for foliage dressing on fruit vegetables, or diluting to 400-600 times the original volume and used for root feeding on fruit vegetables; diluting the fertilizer to 300-500 times the original volume and used for foliage dressing on fruit trees, or diluting to 200-300 times the original volume and used for root feeding on fruit trees; and applying the fertilizer twice every week while irrigating the plants. The marine by-product fermentation concentrated fertilizer composition is mixed with a fertilizer and applied to soil (10-20 kg per acre) and the fermentation residue is used as a base fertilizer to improve the fertility of the soil. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (ii) comprises mixing (in parts by wt.) edible fungus (6-10) and dried maize straw (1-2); or edible fungus (15-20) and fresh excrement (8-10). The retting time in the step (iii) is for 5-6 days in summer, 7-8 days in winter, and 6-7 days in spring and autumn. The edible fungus residue resource utilization in the step (i) comprises: taking corn cob as a raw material for needle mushroom cultivation, taking seed coat as raw material for oyster mushroom cultivation and taking vinasse as the raw material for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. The method further comprises changing the material for every 4-6 months, opening the red mud plastic cover when charging and discharging the material, cleaning the material liquid from the anaerobic reactor, and leaving 1/3 for adding the inoculum, adding the edible fungus residue fermenting raw material for once, not changing the material in the winter (December to March) Preferred Components: The length of the stacked material in the step (iii) is 2-2.7 m. The width is 1.5-2 m, and the height is 1.2-1.6 m. The hole is vertically inserted into the middle part of the material stack for convenient ventilation by air. The inoculum in the step (iv) is methane liquid or biogas residue of methane pool for normally generating methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A pre-processing field, a biogas residue methane liquid storage pool, a methane liquid distributing pool and a biogas residue processing field are underground mixed brick structures. The solar energy heat collecting device pipeline and the solar energy heat collecting device anaerobic reactor inner pipeline are the water medium heat transmitting pipes. The anaerobic reactor is the completely underground type or the column semi-underground type enamel steel plate structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The upper part and the lower part are divided according to 0-50 cm of stem, 50-100 cm of stem, 100-150 cm of stem, 150 cm of stem, and more than 150 cm of leaf, or less than 150 cm of leaf.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The leachate is ammonium sulfate (1 g/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes adding microorganism to the mixture before composting; composting twice a day at 20-30 (preferably 20, 25, or 30) degrees C for 15-40 (preferably 15, 30, or 40) days, with interval time of 6-8 (preferably 6, 7, or 8) hours; and drying the composting product at 60-70 (preferably 60, 65, or 70) degrees C until water content of less than or equal to 15%, and crushing. Preferred Components: The agricultural waste includes crop straws, livestock and poultry excrement, and/or branches. The crop straw is corn straw or paddy straw. The edible mushroom residue is mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, or Lentinus edodes residue. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the mixture is 15-20:1, preferably 15:1, 18:1, or 20:1. The weight ratio of microorganism to the mixture is 3-5:1000, preferably 3:1000, 4:1000, or 5:1000. The microorganism is Saccharomycetes and/or Bacillus subtilis. The sprouting index of composting product is 60-82%, preferably 60, 70, or 80%. The matrix has pH of 5.5-6.5 (preferably 5.5, 6, or 6.5), electrical conductivity of 6-7 (preferably 6, 6.5, or 7) mS/cm, organic material content of 25-35 (preferably 25, 30, or 35%), nitrogen content of 1-2 (preferably 1, 1.5, or 2%), phosphorus of 4-5 (preferably 4, 4.5, or 5%), and potassium content of 1-2 (preferably 1, 1.5, or 2%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural mineral comprises (wt.%) mineral (80-90), inorganic nutrient (5-10), chelating material (2.5-5), and water-retaining material (2.5-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is prepared by oxidizing water with benzene, precooling and adding water, ammonifying, reacting maleic anhydride with ammonia to obtain maleic anhydride monoamine salt, and recycling exhaust gas, washing to decolor, concentrating, crystallizing and recycling; adding catalyst (preferably polyacrylic acid) to maleic anhydride monoamine salt, condensation polymerizing at 54-56 degrees C for 6-7 hours, and recycling exhaust gas, washing to decolor, concentrating, crystallizing, and recycling; and purifying polymer by grades. Fermentation of agricultural organic waste includes adding effective microorganisms (EM) bacteria to organic waste, fermenting and processing in degassing screw reactor; dehumidifying and sieving at 25 degrees C; and drying and crushing into 2-5 mm. ADMINISTRATION - The conditioner is applied at 300-600 g/acre for crop culturing and at 250-500 g/acre for seeding. When used for flower planting, the conditioner is applied at 50 g/pot soil, transplanting flower and completely watering. When used for planting trees, the conditioner (80-100 g) is added to a 15-25 cm deep pit which is dug around the tree trunk and 60-80 cm away from the tree trunk, and the pit is covered with soil and watered. When used as soil additive for tobacco or garden pot flower, the conditioner is mixed with soil at ratio of 1:20 and completely watered. (all claimed)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sulfate negative ion resin is 201x 7(717) strong alkaline styrene anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The soil conditioning agent comprises (wt.%): mineral glaucophane powder (46), diatomite (15), photosynthetic bacteria (6.2), Saccharomycetes (6.1), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (5.1), lactic acid bacteria (5.4), growth bacteria (5) and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (5.1). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises the antagonistic bacteria (greater than 1x 108 cfu/g) and the complete nitrogen (4-5%), where the complete nitrogen comprises the organic nitrogen of more than 90% in the wt. ratio, and the wt. ratio of the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6-10%, and the wt. ratio of the organic material is 30-35%. In the step (ii), for the thoroughly decomposed pig manure compost, the sprout index is greater than 98%, the wt. ratio content of the organic material is not less than 35%, the wt. ratio of the organic nitrogen is 1.2-2%, and the wt. ratio of the water content is 25-30%. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the preparation of an improved beef paste culture liquid comprises weighing (in g) corn powder (5), beef paste (2), sodium chloride (5), bran (5) and potato starch (5), and setting volume to 1000 ml, adjusting the pH to 7.2-7.4 for sterilization for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microorganism organic fertilizer comprises more than 2x 107 cfu/g antagonists, 5-6% total nitrogen, 7-10% total nitrogen phosphorus nutrients, and 30-35% organic matter. Preferred Method: The improved beef extract liquid culture medium is prepared by preparing 1 l culture medium consisting of (g) beef extract (2), corn flour (5), bran (5), potato starch (5), and sodium chloride (10); adjusting pH at 7.2-7.4; and sterilizing for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C. The mixture formed by antagonists XZ-173 is prepared by mixing decaying pig manure with rapeseed meal microorganism zymolyte at volume ratio of 50-70:50-30; after-ripening for 2-3 days; and turning 2 times during after-ripening process to obtain mixture, in which germination index of after-ripening decaying pig manure is more than 98%, organic quality ratio content is greater than or equal to 35%, organic nitrogen content is 1.2-2%, and water content is 25-30%. The rapeseed meal microorganism zymolyte is prepared by adding Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain 37-1 fermenting liquid into rapeseed meal raw material; adjusting water content to 55-56% and pH at 6.0-7.5 for processing open-type solid fermentation; turning immediately when temperature is raised at 50 degrees C; turning every day to keep temperature at 35-50 degrees C for 5 days, in which pH of piled objects is raised continuously; adjusting water content at 55-65% and pH at 6-7 using liquid containing acid; spraying with liquid containing acid when finishing fermenting until pH of piled objects is 5.0; and drying at lower temperature or naturally drying to obtain rapeseed meal microorganism zymolyte. ACTIVITY - Nematocide; Fertilizer; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Method: The rotten pig manure compost has germination index more than 98%, organic matter mass ratio content greater than 35%, organic nitrogen mass ratio content of 1.2-2%, and water content mass ratio of 25-30%. The vegetable dregs microbe zymolyte is prepared by adding fermentation liquid of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain 37-1 (CGMCC 1543) into vegetable dregs raw material; regulating water content to 55-65% and pH at 6.0-7.5; performing open solid fermentation; turning pile instantly when fermentation temperature rises at 50 degrees C; then turning pile every day to maintain temperature at 35-50 degrees C for 5 days; after solid fermentation begins, raising pH of piled material constantly using acid-containing liquid to regulate water content and pH when turning every time to maintain water content at 55-65% and pH at 6.0-7.0; spraying acid-containing liquid when ending fermentation until pH of piled material is regulated at 5.0; and drying at low temperature or naturally drying to obtain vegetable dregs microbe zymolyte. The mixture of rotten pig manure compost and vegetable dregs microbe zymolyte is prepared by mixing rotten pig manure compost and vegetable dregs microbe zymolyte at volume ratio of 50-70:50-30; after-ripening for 2-3 days; and turning pile twice during after-ripening process. Preferred Component: The microbial organic fertilizer comprises 1x 108 cfu/g antagonistic bacteria X5; 4-5 mass% nitrogen containing more than 90% organic nitrogen; 6-10 mass% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients; and 30-35 mass% organic matter. Preferred Method: The modified beef extract culture is prepared by weighing (g) beef extract (2), corn powder (5), wheat bran (5), potato starch (5), and sodium chloride (5) in flask; stirring to smelt uniformly; regulating pH at 7.2-7.4; adjusting volume to 100 ml using tap water; and sterilizing for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Nematocide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Trichoderma harzianum T78 strain is inoculated by using a mixture of a spore suspension, bentonite and vermiculite. A coadjuvant i.e. chitosan is also used for preparing organic substrate. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antimicrobial; Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fineness of the calcium-base bentonite is less than 200 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The corroded crop straw is obtained by cutting dried crop straw into 5-10 cm long sections, putting into a pond, adding Sclerotium cepivorum (3-5 kg/ton of straw); adding water to humidify, uniformly mixing, covering with plastic film; and when the humidifying rate of straw is more than 20%, uncovering the plastic film, drying the straw, and crushing into 1.5-2.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anionic polyacrylamide has molecular weight of 8-12, preferably 10 million and hydrolyzing degree of 20-40, preferably 30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (d) is carried out at 25-30 degrees C. The step (a) involves adding oil and glycerin to the excrement mixture, where the glycerin is separated by centrifugation or esterification reaction. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The gas and liquid separating groove is used for separating trans-esterification product into liquid phase aliphatic ester, glycerol and gas phase alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The oil raw material is raw material plant including triglyceride, and the extracting product is triglyceride and alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): pig manure (40), C.equisetifolia (10), peanut shell (10), shell powder (12), calcium superphosphate (4), water (23.7) and EM fungicide (0.3). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting the kitchen waste material, remains of dead animal and plant, sludge and wastewater processed garbage to obtain biological fertilizer. The method involves improving physical and chemical properties of the soil, increasing organic matter of the soil, forming particle structure and obtaining soil with water and fertilizer retaining effect. The method involves exerting the biological waste material, forming mycorrhizal fungi, and generating physical active substances.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed solvent is mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether at volume ratio of 1:1. The volume to weight ratio of 80% ethanol and active carbon is 100-150:1. The amount of ethanol added for re-crystallization is more than 95%. The pH of acidic water is 5. The filtering step is ceramic film filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The amount of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide is 0.1-1 equivalent weight. The amount of acrylonitrile is 2 equivalent weight. In step (A), the reaction temperature is - 10-25 degrees C; and the reaction time is 1-5 hours. In step (B), the amount of sodium borohydride 1.2 equivalent weight; and the reaction time is 5 hours. In step (C), the amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 0.1 equivalent weight; and the amount of p-methylbenzene sulfonyl chloride is 1.2 equivalent weight. In step (D), the amount of lithium hexamethylsilylamine is 1.1-2.0 equivalent weight, the reaction temperature is - 78-30 degrees C, and the reaction time is 5-8 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The granularity of YSZ powder is 0.05-2 mu m. Preferred Component: The content of pore-forming agent is 5-30% of thee total weight of nickel oxide and YSZ.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pore-forming agent is starch, carbon powder or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Fertilizer: The second fermentation step is performed after adding soybean cake, residue (100 parts weight), grains and seeds of canola meal, and mixture of bone meal, spraying the mixture with liquid manure, injecting air into the mixture, and adding dried powder of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ratio of 10:10:12 to the mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The slow pyrolysis is performed in the presence of at least one of steam and hydrogen, where the flash-pyrolysis is performed in the presence of hydrogen. The slow pyrolysis is performed at a temperature of 300-550 degrees C for a duration of 5-480 minutes, and where the flash pyrolysis is performed at a temperature of 425-600 degrees C for a duration of 0.001-10 seconds. The slow pyrolysis reactor and the flash pyrolysis reactor are fluidly coupled to each other to so allow for direct transfer of the low-oxygen biomass feedstock from the slow pyrolysis reactor to the flash pyrolysis reactor. Preferred Components: The production plant further comprises: a conduit that is fluidly coupled to the slow pyrolysis reactor to allow substantially complete removal of the gaseous oxygen-containing compounds; and a mixing device that is configured to allow high heat transfer to the biomass and removal of the gaseous oxygen-containing compounds from the biomass. The low-oxygen biomass feedstock has an oxygen removal degree of at least 0.8. The carbon loss of the biomass feedstock during the slow pyrolysis is less than or equal to 20 mol.%. The conversion rate is at least 75 wt.%, and where the bio-oil has an oxygenate content of less than 15 wt.%. The oxygen removal degree is at least 0.8, where the conversion rate is at least 75 wt.%, and the bio-oil has an oxygenate content of less than 15 wt.%. The slow-pyrolysed low-oxygen biomass has an average particle size of 20-200 microns, and having an oxygen removal degree of at least 0.8. The biomass comprises lignocellulosic material prior to slow pyrolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storage alloy is titanium-manganese alloy, lanthanum-nickel alloy, lanthanum-nickel-cobalt alloy and/or zirconium-iron alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The end of length direction of carbon nanotube is bonded with surface of hydrogen storage alloy. The method further involves using hydrogen storage alloy that made carbon nanotube synthesis catalyst adhere to surface. Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube is single wall carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The parallel condensing plates are mounted uniformly in the barrel body. A beam horizontally passes through each condensing plate, and in turn is firmly connected with each condensing plate. The overflow groove and the condensing plate have same length. The bottom of the overflow groove is firmly mounted at the top end of the condensing plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The furnace body is divided into drying section and carbonization section, where the drying section uses internal thermal flue gas to directly heat the material, and the carbonization section uses external thermal flue gas to indirectly heat the material. The carbonized material in the storage tank is conveyed into a combustible gas outlet. The combustible gas pipe conveys into combustion chamber of carbonization furnace for combustion. The thermal flue gas is passed from the carbonizing section to the rotating cylinder of drying section through heat transfer tube material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heat storage ball heating device comprises a hot-blast stove and a heat exchanger, where an air inlet end of the hot-blast stove is connected with the hot air outlet at upper end of the outer pipe, and a hot air output of the hot-blast stove is connected with heat exchanger. The first heat storage ball outlet at the bottom of the heat exchanger is connected with the feeding device. The heat storage ball inlet at the top of the heat exchanger is connected with an output end of heat accumulating ball lifting device. An air outlet on side wall of the heat exchanger is provided with valves, which are respectively connected with an external pipe of the hot wind inlet or atmosphere. The feeding device comprises a duplex solid particle flow valve and a biomass powder feeding machine, where the duplex solid particle flow valve adopts the patent technology whose patent number is 200720160618. A material inlet of the double-connected solid particle flow valve is connected with the first heat storage ball outlet at bottom part of the heat exchanger. The material outlet of the double-connected solid particle flow valve and the biomass powder feeding machine outlet are connected with the inlet of the inner pipe. The outlet at the bottom of the separating device is connected with the ash box by a reverse turning bed sealing valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Stacking is performed for 3-5 days. During anaerobic fermentation, the materials in anaerobic reactor are stirred in reflux method and the anaerobic dry fermentation temperature is maintained at 29-31 degrees C using circulated water heating boiler of anaerobic reactor. After biogas residue generated through anaerobic fermentation is filtered, the dehydrated biogas residue is recycled as agricultural fertilizer, and the straw and excrement mixture is inoculated with biogas slurry. Preferred Components: After adding microorganisms and applying water to crop straw, the water content of the mixture is 60-70 wt.%. The inoculation amount of biogas slurry is 20%, based on weight of straw and excrement mixture. After inoculating biogas slurry and applying water, the water content of straw and excrement mixture is 80 wt.%. The weight ratio of animal excrement and crop straw is 1:1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25:1. The crop straw is corn straw, wheat straw, and/or rice straw. The animal excrement is pig excrement. The water is excrement slurry, pond water, river water, tap water, and/or well water; and has pH of 6.5-7.5. The microorganisms comprise (wt.%) Cytophaga (8-15), paper dissolving bacteria (25-30), Sarcina methanica (15-25), Acetobacterium woodii (5-10), Pseudomonas synxantha (2-5), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (4-10), cellulase-producing bacteria (3-5), termite bacteria (1-5), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (10-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation liquid has water content of 30-70 (preferably 50%). The volume-to-weight ratio (ml:g) of water to lipase is 1:0.001-0.005 (preferably 1:0.003). The volume ratio of oil phase and short chain alcohol is 1:5-15 (preferably 1:9). The short chain alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The volume-to-weight ratio (ml:g) of oil phase to lipase is 1:0.002-0.01. The biodiesel is derived from Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Spirulina, or Rhodotorula glutinis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises preprocessing the biomass raw materials; grinding the cracked biomass raw materials to an average particle size of less than 1 mm; fully mixing the raw materials with catalyst solution; soaking for 0.5-2 hours; naturally airing; and drying the materials at high temperature of 70-105 degrees C for 1.5-3 hours to remove free water and obtain biomass mixture with catalyst. The amount of catalyst in the biomass mixture is 9-11 wt.% of the mass of ground biomass materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent of substitution reaction is water. The cuprous catalyst is cuprous oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide and/or cuprous chloride. The molar ratio of cuprous catalyst, aqueous ammonia, aryl borate compound and metal hydroxide is 0.1:2.5:1:5. Preferred Condition: The substitution reaction is performed at 10-30 degrees C for 3-48 hours. Preferred Definitions:    R=fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, -OH, -COOH, -CJO, -OR'' or -NHC(=O)R''.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The nitrogen source comprises long-acting nitrogen source, quick-acting nitrogen source and auxiliary nitrogen source. The biomass is organic material comprising wood fiber (60-80% of the total amount of dry material of the nutritional material), long-effective nitrogen source (1-10% of the dry material of the nutritional material), quick-acting nitrogen source (1-10% of the dry material of the nutritional material) and auxiliary nitrogen source (1-20% of the total amount of dry material of the nutritional material). The long-effective nitrogen source is powder substance prepared by crushing substance high coarse protein, where the powder substance comprises (in wt.%): crude protein (90-100), vitamin (0-1), inorganic mineral substance (0-1) and substance decomposed by the microorganism to carbohydrate (0-8). The quick-acting nitrogen source is powder substance prepared by crushing plant coarse protein (30% or more). The auxiliary nitrogen source is powder substance containing plant coarse protein (8% or more). The nutritional material comprises oxygen-increasing agent (0.2-0.3% of the total amount of dry material of the nutritional material) and is calcium peroxide (calper) or air. The pH of the fermenting material is adjusted by adding gypsum powder or lime. The omasum is placed in each reticulum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The hydrogen outlet of the separation unit is externally connected to the pure hydrogen recycling device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline includes sodium hydride and/or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic solvent is aprotic polarity solvent comprising acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or N,N-dimethylformamide. The alkaline includes 1,8-diazabicyclo-bicyclo(5,4,0)-7-hendecene, triethylamine and/or butyl lithium. The quantity of used alkaline is 1-10 times more than that of compound (II) based on mol rate. The polypeptide condensing agent is benzotriazole-1-oxytri(dimethyl azyl) phosphorus onium hexafluorophosphoric acid salt, or 2-(7-azobenzotriazole)-N,N, N'-N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphoric acid ester and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The quantity of used polypeptide condensing agent is 1-10 times more than that of compound (II) based on mol rate. The quantity of used compound (III) is 1-10 times more than that of compound (II) based on mol rate. The reaction is carried out at - 20-180 degrees C. The time for reaction is determined by the whole reaction. Preferred Definitions:    R1=3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction tank is filled with solid coordination hydride, preferably sodium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen production and gas and liquid separation unit are connected with a pure hydrogen recovery apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The extracting pressure is 15-40 MPa. The extracting temperature is 35-60 degrees C. The ratio of flow rate of fluid to volume of extraction kettle is 2-6/hour. The extracting time is 1-3 hours. The fluid is carbon dioxide, propane, ethane or ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolysis tank is alkaline electrolyte. The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alkylating step further involves use of an ionic liquid catalyst. The recovery step involves distillation. The method further involves blending of the partially biologically-derived alkylate with the ethanol from a biological source. The cycloparaffins are formed by hydrogenation of benzene by processes selected from hydrocracking and/or naphtha hydroisomerization. Preferred Component: The cycloparaffins comprise hydrocarbons selected from cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane and/or methylcyclohexane. Isoparaffins comprise hydrocarbons selected from isobutane, isopentane, isohexane, isoheptanes and/or isooctanes. The ionic liquid catalyst is a chloroaluminate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the biofuel is in storage tank or fuel line. Preferred Component: The biofuel is biofuel blend. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: In degrading prion protein in SRM, the SRM comprises animal carcasses. The anaerobic sludge is derived from swine manure or dairy manure, where the dairy manure is derived from slaughterhouse sludge. The SRM reacts with the sludge at a temperature between 5 degrees C to 25 degrees C. The process further comprises adding keratin to the SBR, where e keratin is from feather keratin or hoof keratin. The keratin is beta -keratin or alpha -keratin. The feather keratin is from chicken feather; and the hoof keratin is from bovine hoof. SBR is an anaerobic digestion sequencing batch reactor; or SBR is a mesophilic anaerobic digestion sequencing batch reactor. In measuring efficacy of SBR, the model protein is at least one of perchloric acid-soluble protein, collagen, elastin and keratin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves adding 30% of the vinegar into a manufacture tank, dissolving garlic powder and instant coffee in the tank, obtaining high viscous solution, adding the shell powder into the tank, blending the mixture, stirring the mixture while adding 70% of remaining vinegars gradually, separating liquid component and lees, and obtaining liquid component as a seasoning liquid or obtaining liquid of a paste state as a seasoning liquid without separating the liquid component and lees. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Sequence: The nucleotide sequence comprises SEQ ID NO. 2. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. Preferred Product: The expression product comprises SEQ ID NO. 1. Preferred Method: Obtaining enzymatic product with endoxylanase activity further comprises: (d) recovering the enzymatic product with endoxylanase activity in the culture medium and/or cells of the organism. Obtaining bioethanol further comprising: (c) recovering the ethanol obtained after incubation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Gasifying fuel comprises leading the cooling liquid from the combustion chamber back into the liquid channel. Product gas generated in the gasification is led out of the combustion chamber along a flow duct of the cooling liquid and contaminants are removed from the product gas in a product gas washer. Ash and coal particles generated in the gasification are led out of the combustion chamber with the cooling liquid along the flow duct. Ash and coal are removed from the cooling liquid in the product gas washer. The temperature of the circulating cooling liquid is lowered with a condenser. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises a fuel silo and the liquid channel is at least partly between the fuel silo and the combustion chamber. The co-current gasifier has a hole leading from the fuel silo to the combustion chamber and the liquid channel is a ring-shaped channel part surrounding the hole. The apparatus further comprises a pump and flow ducts for leading the cooling liquid from the combustion chamber back into the liquid channel. It also comprises a product gas washer, which washer is attached to an end of the second flow duct leading out of the combustion chamber. The product gas washer has a cleaning layer for cleaning the product gas, a product gas duct for leading out the cleaned product gas and the apparatus has means for leading the cooling liquid onto the cleaning layer. The apparatus also further comprises a coal separator for removing ash and coal particles in the cooling liquid; and a condenser for lowering the temperature of the circulating cooling liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Mixture: The liquid bio-fuel mixture is macroscopically single phase at room temperature (e.g. 20-25 degrees C). The liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis is represented as BO, the wt.% of BO being x; the bio-diesel is represented as BD, the wt.% of BD being y; and the ethanol component is represented as EtOH, the wt.% of EtOH being z, the composition of the mixture thus being representable as (BO)x(BD)y(EtOH)z, where on a ternary phase diagram having three axes, each axis defining respectively the wt.% of BO, BD, and EtOH, a macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram is enclosed at least by a polygon having vertices defined by values for (x, y, z) of: (0, 15, 85), (5, 57, 38), (8, 46, 46), (13, 35, 52), (20, 24, 56), (30, 12, 58), (40, 7, 53), (50, 5, 45), (60, 4, 36), (95, 1, 4), and (0, 1, 99). Also, the macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram is enclosed at least by a polygon having vertices defined by values for (x, y, z) of: (5, 57, 38), (8, 46, 46), (13, 35, 52), (20, 24, 56) (30, 12, 58) (40, 7, 53), (50, 5, 45), (60, 4, 36), and (5, 3, 92). The macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram is enclosed at least by a polygon having vertices defined by values for (x, y, z) of: (8, 46, 46), (13, 35, 52), (20, 24, 56), (30, 12, 58), (40, 7, 53), (50, 5, 45), (60, 4, 36), and (8, 6, 86). The mixture contains at least 10-15 wt.% of the liquid condensate product of biomass fast pyrolysis. The macroscopic single phase region of the phase diagram is enclosed at least by a polygon having vertices defined by values for (x, y, z) of: (10, 50, 50), (20, 20, 60) and (10, 10, 80). The liquid condensate product of biomass pyrolysis is itself macroscopically single phase, where the liquid condensate product of biomass pyrolysis contains at least 10-40 wt.% water. The liquid bio-fuel mixture further comprises at least 5 wt.% petrodiesel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The further enzymes are selected from cellulases, endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, hemicellulases, pectinases, phospholipases, lipid acyl transferases, proteases and phytases, preferably phospholipase C or lipid acyltransferase. The enzyme comprises chlorophyllase, pheophytinase, pyropheophytinase, or pbeophytin pheophorbide hydrolase. The enzyme comprises a polypeptide sequence containing 301 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 1); 301 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2); 301 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 4); 481 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 6) or 1801 amino acids (SEQ ID NOs: 8-13); 421 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 14); 301 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 15), as given in the specification or their functional fragments or variants. The enzyme comprises a polypeptide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 to 15 over at least 50 amino acid residues.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The seeds are flaked, peeled or crushed before contacting with the enzyme, where the seeds comprise seed flakes having a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm. The enzyme is sprayed onto the seeds in an aqueous solution. The method further involves contacting the seeds with further enzymes. The method (M2) involves degumming step which includes addition of an acid to the oil followed by neutralization with an alkali. The method (M2) further involves performing a deodorization step to produce deodorized oil and a distillate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel in the nickel-containing desulfurizing agent is 50 %mass or more as an equivalent amount of nickel oxide based on the whole quantity of the catalyst. The nickel-containing desulfurizing agent is sponge nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The desulfurization is carried out at -20 degrees C to 50 degrees C under pressure of 1.5 MPa or less. Preferred Composition: The fuel is catalytically cracked gasoline having research octane number of R and the desulfurized fuel has research octane number of more than R-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The step of modifying the biosynthesis pathway further comprises altering regions of the organism?s genome responsible for production of the anchors. The step of accumulating co-factor biomass further comprises facilitating export of the anchors from the organism into growth media. The step of harvesting the anchors further comprises: separating the anchors from the growth media; and extracting the anchors from storage reserves residing in the organism. The anchors are stored in vesicles in the cell to the point where the cell becomes buoyant in the growth media, after which the buoyant cells are removed from the top of the growth media, where the harvested anchors undergo further reduction reactions. The step of extracting the anchors from storage reserves further comprises lysing the cells by infecting the cells with a bacteriophage. The lipids are obtained as a by-product in the process of extracting anchors of co-factor molecules. Preferred Components: The organism is a naturally occurring entity comprising prokaryotes, eukaryotes and/or algae. The cofactors are cytoplasmic moieties comprising chlorophyll, carotenoids and/or quinones. The enzyme is a chlorophyllase originating from plants comprising corn, soybean, Ginkgo biloba, Arabidopsis and/or Brassica. The photosynthetic organism is prokaryote or algae The biofuel comprising the moieties have oxygen content of 0-20 %.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of identifying anchors comprises identifying hydrocarbon tails from 5-30 carbons in length. Preferred Components: The anchors are moieties between 5-20 carbons in length, comprising isopentanol, geraniol, phytol, farnesol and/or geranylgeraniol or their derivatives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen peroxide is manufactured when reduction catalyst heat-processes a mixture containing metalloporphyrins and electroconductive carbon material from activated carbon, carbon fiber, graphite, carbon whisker, carbon black and acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen donor is hydrogen gas, methanol, ethanol or dimethyl ether. The oxidation catalyst is a catalyst which generates proton from hydrogen donor. The oxidation catalyst is platinum, palladium or platinum-ruthenium alloy. The reduction catalyst is a catalyst which generates hydrogen peroxide from oxygen, proton and electron or preferably electroconductive carbon oxide compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid ion conductor is solid polymer electrolyte containing fluororesin. The electronic conductor is chosen from group which consists of carbon, conductive polymer and metal (such as gold or gold plating metal), and bonding material. Preferred Parameters: The electronic conductor is in the form of mesh, lattice form, frame shape, linear or dotted form, paper, cloth form or porous shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: In the Biogas production apparatus, the composter is made of high thermal conductivity material. The Biogas Digester has a fan at the bottom of the digester near the inlet, where the fan is connected to a rotating means by rods and a geared mechanism contained within the inlet pipe of the Biogas Digester. The outlet from the digester tank is such that the outlet is always submerged under the matter inside the biogas digester and is covered, from inside the tank by a hinged flap door, where the flap door is in contact with a hinged float mechanism such that the flap door is opened, allowing the matter to flow out, when additional matter is added to the Biogas Digester tank via the inlet pipe and the flap door closes, stopping the outward flow of matter, when the level of the matter falls to the original amount of matter in the Biogas Digester tank. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The temperature of superheated steam is 210-350 degrees C. The superheat degree of the superheated steam is 60-250K. Preferred Process: The waste material is processed with superheated steam for 10 minutes or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diphenylamine compound is 4-hydroxy diphenylamine. The content of antioxidant in the biodiesel fuel is 50-50000 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nickel acetate or nickel carbonate, magnesium oxide and tungsten salt, cobalt salt and/or molybdenum salt are mixed and subjected to conjugation reaction. Preferred Composition: The tungsten salt is ammonium tungstate. The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate or cobalt acetate. The molybdenum salt is ammonium molybdate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method adding 0.1-0.5 wt.% of the solid components including powder of S.cerevisiae with respect to organic waste material. The method further involves drying the fermented product until the content becomes 40% or less after performing fermentation for organic waste material and producing feed. ACTIVITY - Endocrine-Gen.; Anabolic. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The turning waste gas purifying device comprises a purifying medium groove, a filter screen driving device and a purifying medium recycling groove. The filter screen comprises a filter screen driving device driven by a power device. The filter screen driving device driven by a power device is connected with a driving wheel. The purifying medium discharging opening is set on the lower part of one end of the filter net. The purifying medium recycling groove is set at the other end of the filter net. The purifying medium recycling groove is provided with a filtrate recycling groove. The filtrate recycling groove is provided with a recycling pipe, and a recycling pipe collector. The turning waste gas purifying device further comprises a purifying medium changing material. The upper surface of the bottom of the filter screen is a hexahedron. The purifying medium changing material is formed by four surfaces, which are connected up and down. The purifying medium is set between the cavity surrounded by the filter screen and the purifying medium changing material. The purifying medium exchange material by a pulley is set on the rail of the inner wall of the liquid collector. The purification medium is a granular gas purifying material. The gas purifying material is active carbon. The suction fan is arranged at the top of the liquid collector. The filtrate collector bottom of the front edge is provided with a shielding cover. The upper part of the cover is provided with a suction cover. The device further comprises an energy saving device and an air fan, which is arranged on the engine. The hot air enters into the sludge in the hot air ducts, where the air outlet of the air duct is set on the roller.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion chambers are equipped with a temperature control device (2). The carbonized material cooling segment is equipped with a cooling water jacket. The exhaust gas form the combustion chamber is discharged by a chimney after treated with a heat recovery device. The fixed carbon content of the carbonized material is (80-92 wt.%) and the yield obtained is 30%. The amount of air introduced is 20-50 m3/hour. Preferred Components: The biomass used is wood block, shell or wood chips.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cellulolytic thermophile is selected from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. The acetate-oxidizing thermophile is selected from Thermatoga lettingae and Thermincola ferriacetica. The thermophilic methanogen is selected from Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, Methanobacterium thermoaggregans, Methanothermobacter defluvii, Methanothermobacter marburgensis, and Methanothermobacter wolfei.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The components a), b), and c) are thermophilically active at 60-75 degrees C. The lignocellulosic biomass comprises switchgrass or poplar. Preferred System: The consortium is contained within a single chamber continuous flow reactor. The consortium is contained within a multi-chamber continuous flow reactor. The first chamber contains a cellulolytic thermophile and a thermophilic methanogen and a second chamber contains an acetate-oxidizing thermophile and a thermophilic methanogen. Preferred Method: The method further involves converting the CO2 to methane; pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass prior to addition to the reactor. The converting is carried out with use of an electromethanogenic electrochemical cell. The pretreatment involves soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Reactor: The reactor comprises a single chamber/multi-chamber continuous flow reactor. The first chamber contains a cellulolytic thermophile and a thermophilic methanogen and a second chamber contains an acetate-oxidizing thermophile and a thermophilic methanogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The corrosion inhibitor includes: citric acid and ascorbic acid; and an organic acid having functional groups consisting of carboxylic acids, alkene bonds and/or hydroxyl groups. The conventional corrosion inhibitor comprises dimer acids, trimer acids and/or derivatives of succinic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the composition, less than 10 (preferably 5) wt.% of the additive has a molecular weight of less than or equal to 400 as measured by GPC. The additive comprises: a polyisobutenyl-substituted acid or anhydride imide that is prepared by the reaction of a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and a polyamine; or a polyisobutyl-substituted Mannich base prepared by the reaction of a substituted phenol, with an aldehyde or its precursor, and an amine. The additive has a molar ratio of (a) polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride moiety to (b) polyamine moiety is 3:1-1:2, where the polyisobutenyl group of the polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride has a number average molecular weight of 500-850 and the (b) polyamine is of formula (H2N(CH2)m-(NH(CH2)m)n-NH2) (I). The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride comprises a reaction product of a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with a polar compound comprising hydrazine, an alcohol, an amino alcohol, an alkoxylated amine, an alkoxylated alcohol or a polyol.m = 2-4; andn = 1-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The storage air bags are made of red mud plastics. The central wall of the tank body along the circumferential direction is provided with a ring hook. The storage air bag is hung on the hook.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The top cover is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or polyvinyl chloride hard plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The P. spartinae D13 can normally grow in an environment of pH 2. It comprises an rRNA sequence comprising fully defined 611 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1) given in the specification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The P. spartinae D13 can be reacted for 2 days in the sludge biological system which improves leaching sludge dewatering performance by more than 10 times and dissolved heavy metal is increased to more than 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The microorganism agent contains culture medium comprising beef extract peptone culture medium, petroleum sieving culture medium and potato dextrose agar culture medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culture method comprises: respectively cultivating in the independent culture system and respectively mixing the microorganism obtained by the culture according to proper proportion to obtain the total viable count of each gram of microbial agent as 0.5-1x 1010. Preferred Components: The viable count of Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis is 10-90% of the total viable count, more preferably 30-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface of the fermentation padding is covered tightly using hemp, straw or plastic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises recycling waste oil, and separating oil-water of waste water recycling after the step of centrifugal oil-water separation. The process after step (iii) is discharging methane after centrifuging, composting waste residue to produce organic fertilizer, and treating waste water before discharging. The manufacturing process of organic fertilizer comprises (i) mixing conditioning agent and expanding agent uniformly with waste residue according to the specific environmental condition of composting, adjusting the conditions of material to meet the requirements of composting process, (ii) heating at high temperature, cooling, and composting fertilizer according to the four stages of composting, then using closed fermentation tank system to achieve the temperature of 60-70 degrees C in the short period of time, and maintaining for 5-7 days, and (iii) seperating conditioning agent and expanding agent product with the compost, recycling the seperated conditioning agent and expanding agent, and screening the compost product to obtain organic fertilizer or special fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of sodium alginate-attapulgite to attapulgite to calcium carbonate is 1-6:0.5-3:1-10, preferably 3:1:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration ratio of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, sodium alginate to attapulgite to calcium carbonate to calcium chloride is 1-4:1-6:0.5-3:1-10:2-8, preferably 2:3:1:5:2. The solution of the bacteria suspending liquid is propagating culture medium comprising 20 g/liter glucose, 3 g/liter yeast extract, 2 g/liter peptone, 1 g/liter ammonium nitrate, 0.2 g/liter magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.2 g/liter potassium chloride. The pH of the propagating culture medium is 7.8. Luria Bertani liquid culture medium is prepared, sterilized at high temperature, and cooled to obtain enriched culture medium. The propagating culture medium is sterilized at high temperature, cooled, and stored. In the germless operation table, 5% enriched culture medium is inoculated to the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Culturing is carried out at 25-30 degrees C in shaking manner. The bacteria liquid is centrifuged to obtain wet bacteria mixed with the propagating culture medium. The mixture is dripped into the calcium chloride solution. The fixed microballoon is embedded in the Paracoccus sp. D17 or Paracoccus sp. D24 that is low temperature resistant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The bio-oil is plant oil or animal oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The reaction container is made of the plastic. The plug is made of the rubber. The hard pipe is made of glass or hard plastic. The flexible pipe is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The solar assisted methane fermentation device also comprises first alarm lamp, second alarm lamp, programmable logic controller, air pressure sensor and material level sensor. It also comprises standby power supply which is connected with heat storage water tank and household electricity. The temperature sensor, first alarm lamp, second alarm lamp, air pressure sensor, and material level sensor are all connected with programmable logic controller.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation medium of S. cerevisiae comprises (g/l) yeast powder (5), urea (5), monopotassium phosphate (1), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (1.5), calcium chloride and maize straw hydrolyzate whose total reducing sugar content is 140 g (0.50), and water (remainder). The fermented substrate is maize straw hydrolyzate. Preferred Method: The fermentation of S. cerevisiae is carried out at 30-400 degrees C for 20-36 hours, and at dissolved oxygen content of 0.2-0.5 mg/l. It also comprises inoculating seed liquid to fermentation medium to ferment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Glyceride material is selected from oil and vegetable fats or food, which contains triglycerides, diglycerides and oligo-glycerides and free fatty acids. Glyceride material is selected from soybean oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, corn oil, canola oil, palm oil, peanut oil, ouricuri oil, jatropha oil, chicken fat, pork tallow, waste frying fats or their combinations. Alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, amyl or their mixture, where weight ratio of alcohol and vegetable oil is 3:1-15:1. The catalyst is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine or their mixture. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is utilized to obtain bio-jet fuels. Preferred Process: The bio-jet fuel is prepared by using basic catalyst and ethanol and coconut oil in molar ratio of 10:1, where reaction time is 10 minutes and reaction temperature is 5O degrees C. EXAMPLE - The example illustrates preparation of the bio-jet fuel. Raw material of the fuel was produced by transesterification of coconut oil in presence of alkaline catalysts, where the product was derived from guanidine and ethyl alcohol. Coconut oil as raw material was obtained by identifying fatty acids by gas chromatographic. The fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector. Coconut oil was composed of short-chain 8-14C fatty acids. Coconut oil was composed with 8C caprylic acid (3.03%), 10C capric acid (3.15%), 2C lauric acid (37.46%), 14C myristic acid (22.87%), 16C palmitic acid (14.41%), 18C stearic acid (3.64%), 18C oleic acid (12.0) and 18C linoleic acid (3.43).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent of substitution reaction is water. The cuprous catalyst is cuprous oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide and/or cuprous chloride. The molar ratio of cuprous catalyst, aqueous ammonia, aryl boric acid compound and metal hydroxide is 0.1:1.8:1:7. Preferred Condition: The substitution reaction is performed at 10-30 degrees C for 3-48 hours. Preferred Definitions:    R=fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, -OH, -NO2, -COOH, -CHO, -OR'' or -NHC(=O)R'';and    R''=H, 1-6C alkyl or phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pipe between the low-current-density electrolytic cell and the first hydrogen cooler is a first hydrogen delivering pipe. The first hydrogen positive pressure water seal is connected with the first hydrogen delivering pipe. Two branch pipes are installed on the pipe between the first hydrogen cooler and first buffer tank. A water loop compressor is installed on every branch pipe and two branch pipes are connected to each other. The pipe between the high-current-density electrolytic cell and the second hydrogen washing tower is a second hydrogen delivering pipe. The second hydrogen positive pressure water seal is connected with the second hydrogen delivering pipe. A total emptying hole and at least one distribution pipe are installed on the total buffer tank. The two distribution pipes are installed on the total buffer tank. A valve flow coefficient (KV valve) is installed on one distribution pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydroxide containing solution is sodium hydroxide solution or ammonium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding deionized water to the obtained product, heating at 80-95 degrees C, adding activated carbon, heating at 80-95 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, separating the mother liquor, cooling to 25-35 degrees C, centrifuging, filtering, mixing primary semi-finished product and deionized water, heating at 80-95 degrees C, adding activated carbon, heating at 80-95 degrees C for 0.3-1.5 hours, extracting mother liquor, cooling to 15-35 degrees C, centrifuging, filtering, mixing secondary semi-finished product and ethanol having mass concentration of greater than or equal to 92%, stirring for 0.5-1 hour, centrifuging, filtering, drying the filter cake at 40-60 degrees C and pressure of 0.09 MPa for 5-6 hours, crushing, and packing Preferred Components: The weight ratio of obtained product, deionized water and activated carbon is 1:1:0.1. The weight ratio of primary semi-finished product, deionized water and activated carbon is 1:1:0.05. The weight ratio of secondary semi-finished product and ethanol is 1:0.5-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The neotame is prepared by mixing aspartame, 3,3-dimethyl butyraldehyde and solvent A at 20-80 (preferably 40-60) degrees C for 0-24 (preferably 2-5) hours; adding sodium acetate borohydride and reacting at 20-80 (preferably 40-60) degrees C for 0-24 (preferably 2-5) hours; adding solvent B; extracting; drying obtained organic layer; and adding solvent C to crystallize the dried product at 0-25 (preferably 2-8) degrees C for 1-8 (preferably 2-4) hours. Preferred Components: The solvent A is water, methanol, ethanol and/or tetrahydrofuran, preferably methanol and tetrahydrofuran having a volume ratio of 0-10:0-10 (preferably 2-8:2-8). The solvent B is water, methanol, ethanol, methylene dichloride and/or ethyl acetate, preferably water and ethyl acetate having a volume ratio of 1-9:1-9 (preferably 3-7:3-7). The solvent C is water, methanol, ethanol, methylene dichloride and/or ethyl acetate, preferably water and ethanol having a volume ratio of 1-9:1-9 (preferably 3-7:3-7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Phoma sp. is isolated from tangerine peels. Preferred Enzyme: The cellulase has endoglucanase activity, exoglucanase activity, or beta -glucosidase activity. The beta -glucosidase is capable of decomposing cellobiose. The purified beta -glucosidase comprises amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-4. The purified beta -glucosidase has optimum pH of 3.5 or 6.5, optimum temperature of 40 degrees C or 70 degrees C, stability for over one month at 30 degrees C or 60 degrees C, molecular weight of 105-115 kDa, which is measured using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and increased activity in presence of magnesium ion. Preferred Microorganism: The Rhodophyta is Gelidium amansii. Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves adding the beta -glucosidase to the cell biomass. Gly-Ile-Gln-Asp-Ala-Gly-Val-Ile-Ala (SEQ ID NO: 2), Ala-Gly-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ile-Met (SEQ ID NO: 3) and Ile-Met-Ala-Ala-Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Val-Gly-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 4). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae is chosen from Haematococcus, Dunaliella, Chlorella, Botryococcus, Nannochloris, Nannochloropsis, Neochloris, Schizochytrium, Tetraselmis, Scenedesmus and Isochrysis, preferably Chlorella vulgaris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The long wavelength is 640-670, preferably 660 nm of red wavelength.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The polymerization reactor is arranged between outlet of primary section hydrogenation reactor in the multi-section fixed bed catalytic hydrogenation reactor and heat exchanger and/or outlet of secondary section hydrogenation reactor and heat exchanger. The polymerization reactor is filled with polymerization catalyst. The polymerization catalyst is obtained by kneading with water, shaping and roasting the ZSM-5 molecular sieve, aluminum oxide and adhesive agent. Preferred Condition: The inlet temperature of fixed bed catalytic hydrogenation reactor is 20-80 degrees C. The reaction pressure of fixed bed catalytic hydrogenation reactor is 1.5-2.5 MPa. Preferred Components: The polymerization catalyst is preferably ZSM-5/alumina catalyst. The content of ZSM-5 molecular sieve in polymerization catalyst is 10-90%. The molar ratio of silicon and aluminum of molecular sieve is 5-200. Preferred Properties: The specific surface area of molecular sieve is 200-500 m2/g. The gaseous space velocity of fixed bed catalytic hydrogenation reactor is 2000-10000 h-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vegetable oil fatty acid is oleic acid, stearic acid, or palmitic acid. The polyalcohol fatty acid ester is Span 60 (RTM: sorbitan monostearate), Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), or Span 85 (RTM: sorbitan trioleate). The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is AEO-3 (RTM: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether), or AEO-4 (RTM: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether). The alkyl alcohol amide is diethanol amine, triethanol amine or oleoyl diethanol amine. The fatty amine is triethylamine, isopropamide, propylamine, or butyl amine. The emulsion diesel oil comprises (wt.%) emulsifier (3.2-4), water (6-6.8), diesel oil (60-80), and biomass fuel (10-30). The biomass fuel is fatty acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Lewis acid used as catalyst is anhydrous tin tetrachloride, anhydrous ferric chloride or anhydrous aluminum chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent can be chloromethyl methyl ether or dimethoxymethane; and the organic solvent can be 1,2-dichloroethane or nitrobenzene. Different aromatic compounds are used to obtain porous polymer material which different functional group. The content of the functional group can be adjusted by changing the ratio of multiple kinds of aromatic compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The aperture size of porous polymer material can be adjusted by changing the ratio of aromatic compound and the crosslinking agent; and the adjusting range of aperture size is 0.3-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The entrainer is alcohol and/or acetone. The statin is mevastatin, pravastatin or lovastatin. Preferred Process: The separation process is single step separation process performed at 30-50 degrees C, preferably 35 degrees C and pressure of 5.5-8 MPa, preferably 6 MPa. The hyphae of the statins are dried till the moisture content is 5-30%, preferably 10% and crushed into powder with a granularity of 20-50 meshes. The powder is added into supercritical carbon dioxide extraction device, and extracted at 45-60 degrees C under pressure of 20-40 MPa for 2-4 hours with carbon dioxide flow rate of 10-30 L/hour. The flow rate of the entrainer is 2-4 L/hour. The weight ratio of the entrainer and the powder is 3-5:1, preferably 3:1. The separation is secondary separation, which is carried out at 30-50 degrees C under pressure of 5.5-8 MPa, and at 25-40 degrees C under pressure of 5-7 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the weight and volume ratio of the cholic acid to alcohol is 1:2-5, the volume ratio of the concentrated hydrochloric acid to alcohol is 1-10:100 and the reflux time is 0.5-5 hours. In the step (ii), the molar ratio of the cholic acid ester to acetic anhydride is 1:2-5 and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 3-10 hours, where the amount of lutidine added for each mole of cholic acid ester is 1-5 g. In the step (iii), the hypochlorite used is sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite and the bromide is sodium bromide or potassium bromide. In the step (ii), the cholic acid ester used is cholic acid methyl ester, cholic acid ethyl ester, cholic acid propyl ester or cholic acid butyl ester, in the step (iii), the 3 alpha ,7 alpha -diacetyl-12 alpha -hydroxy cholate used is 3 alpha ,7 alpha -diacetyl-12 alpha -hydroxy cholic acid methyl ester, 3 alpha ,7 alpha -diacetyl-12 alpha -hydroxy cholic acid ethyl ester, 3 alpha ,7 alpha -diacetyl-12 alpha -hydroxy cholic acid propyl ester or 3 alpha ,7 alpha -diacetyl-12 alpha -hydroxy cholic acid butyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali used in the reaction process (a) is sodium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide, or sodium tert-butoxide. The reaction process is carried out in the sodium methoxide/methanol or sodium ethylate/ethanol system. The aprotic solvent used in the reaction process of (a) comprises absolute tetrahydrofuran, propyl ether, and isopropyl ether. Preferred Process: The pH value of the reaction system is regulated to faintly acid that is preferably 6-7 by using acetic acid after finishing the reaction process of (b); and the 6-ethyl-5-fluoro-4-hydroxy pyrimidine is separated from the solvent by recrystallizing. The 6-ethyl-5-fluoro-4-hydroxy pyrimidine is recrystallized by using ethyl acetate or the mixing solvent of ethyl acetate with petroleum ether at 0-10 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is isooctane. The benzene is xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The intermediate comprises syngas. Preferred process: The process comprises a chemical production process, which comprises a methanol production process, a hydrogen production process or an aromatics production process. The process comprises a liquid fuels production process. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: The wastewater treatment system performs continuous irradiation of artificial light to activate photosynthesis and stabilize food chain of microorganisms. CO2 produced by microorganisms is reduced through aeration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Heat-exchange is carried out with external air of the outer side of the adsorption tower during adsorption, during adsorption at temperature higher than external temperature. A preprocessing tower is provide for removing impurity contained in biogas more upstream than the adsorption towers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves heating the anaerobic digester effluent to 140-170 degrees F using a heat exchanger (180,322) with exhaust from a biogas (200) engine generator set as the heated air stream, aerating the anaerobic digester effluent using micro-aerators at a rate of 5-25 gallons/cubic feet per minute, pumping the anaerobic digester effluent from the aeration reactor to a solid settling system after providing gaseous ammonia to the stripping tower, collecting phosphorus-rich solids (135) separated from the solid settling system, digesting waste fibrous material in an anaerobic digester before heating and aerating the digester, pumping the effluent from the solid settling system to a vessel and reacting biogas from the digester with the effluent to return the effluent pH to neutral and reduce the amount of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas. Preferred Components: The stripping tower comprises a two tower system (360).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The keel includes multiple stages of hoops which are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the inner container in the radial direction, and supports which are axially and uniformly distributed between two stages of hoops. The hoop is fixedly welded with two ends of the support, and the hoop includes an upper ring and a lower ring. The upper and lower rings are fixedly connected by multiple supporting blocks uniformly distributed on the periphery of the hoop. The support includes an upper support beam and a lower support beam, where two support beams are fixedly connected by multiple supporting blocks. The structures and installing modes of the sealing heads and the end cover are same to that of the thermal preserving layer, and the keel and the thermal preserving layer are mounted between the inner and outer shells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial agent has total viable count of 0.1-2.5, preferably 0.5-1x 1010/g. It comprises culture medium, which is petroleum screen culture medium, potato-dextrose agar culture medium, and/or preferably beef extract peptone culture medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial agent has total viable count of 0.1-2.5, preferably 0.5-1x 1010/g. It further comprises culture medium, which is petroleum screen culture medium, potato-dextrose agar culture medium, and/or preferably beef extract-peptone culture medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The two sides of the device main body is flat pointed type. The device main body is pointed flat bottom type. The internal hollow pipe is a U-shaped pipe. The cross-section of the device main body is trapezoidal or rectangular. The cross-section of the internal hollow pipe is rectangular or elliptical. The length of the device main body is 0.5-5 m and the thickness is 3-5 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner wall of the fermentation chamber is attached to an insulating layer. The fermentation chamber further comprises a stirrer with a stirring blade, where the shaft of the blade passes through the outer wall of the fermentation chamber. The stirring blades are double-blade type or trefoil type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The top cover is made of carbon steel or assembled or concrete porcelain enamel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In treating plant biomass, the imidazolium salt that has a melting point of at least 100 degrees C contains an imidazolium cation of formula 1.R1 and R2=each independently selected from 1-10C alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted 3-10C cycloalkyl groups, 2-10C alkenyl groups, and aromatic hydrocarbyl groups, and an anion selected from Cl-, Br-, I-, ?O3-, BF4-, PF6-, AlCl4-, the acetate anion, the phosphate anion, the lactate anion, the methanesulfonate anion, the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, and the bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide anion.The polar solvent is selected from water, ionic liquids, polar organic solvents, and its mixtures. In producing saccharide from plant biomass, the cellulase is selected from cellulases that originate from species in the genus Trichoderma, cellulases that originate from species in the genus Aspergillus, cellulases that originate from species in the genus Pyrococcus, cellulases that originate from species in the genus Humicola, cellulases that originate from species in the genus Phanerochaete, and its mixtures. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the bed reactor system, at least one narrowing of the cross-section reactor and/or at least one particle flow deflectors are provided as a flow regulator. The particle line above a top in the second reactor provided as flow controller. The second reactor discharges a particle recirculation with a particle separator (4), which are below in the second reactor provided flow controller and/or in the lower half of the first reactor. Preferred Method: The method is performed during the execution of chemical reactions carried out in countercurrent to the fluid particles flow; or during the execution of chemical reactions among particles of different sizes in counter flow to each other. In the method, execution of chemical reactions is carried out simultaneously with a review of further use and/or by the size of the resulting particles. The chemical reactions in the fluidized bed reactor system, comprises implementation of fuels. The fuel between the two reaction zones and/or in a bottom reaction zone, is fed into a third reactor (20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume percentage of methanol is 60-95%; the quantity of the extracting solvent is 5-15 times more than medicinal material; and the extraction is carried out 2-3 times. The quantity of diatomaceous earth to the volume of extracted solution is 2-8:100. The volume of water saturated n-butanol for extracting is same as the volume of concentrated solution. The aqueous alcohol is 50-80% of ethanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic residue is acidified, before the evaporation, preferably by adding phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid. The pH-value of the condensate is increased to 11-12, preferably by adding burnt lime or sodium hydroxide. A neutralization of the pH-value is carried out after the stripping of ammonia, preferably by adding hydrochloric acid. The organic residue is alkalized before the evaporation, preferably by adding burnt lime. The stripped off ammonia is bound, preferably in an acid washer. The binding is carried out using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid such that, ammonium sulfate fertilizer or ammonium phosphate fertilizer is formed. The concentrated organic residue is concentrated by the evaporation process so that, it is used as a fertilizer, and preferably the concentrated organic residue is dried by evaporation, so that it is flowable and pourable or briquettable. The dissipative, low ammonia effluent is supplied to natural waters, preferably streams, rivers or lakes. The organic residue is derived from fermentation processes, and exhibits a dry substance content of 0.5-15 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Organic residue was pre-treated by acidification, preferably with phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, and evaporated. The concentrated residue was then discharged along with the clean, neutral, low ammonium condensate. The condensate was treated by: raising the pH-value to 11-12, preferably with sodium hydroxide; raising the temperature to at least 60 degrees C; ammonia stripping; and by neutralizing, preferably with hydrochloric acid and lowering the temperature. The ammonia-containing exhaust was washed, which was obtained from the stripping process, where the ammonia was preferably bound by phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid. The bound ammonia was discharged as recoverable ammonium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium sulfate fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: The algae are cyanobacterium, red algae, Euglena algae, and/or green algae, preferably Spirulina, Cyanidioschyzon, Galdieria, Euglena, Chlorella, and/or Desmodesmus. The algae have a carbon content of 30% or more, and a sulfuric acid and nitric acid tolerance of pH 1-5, and a carbon-dioxide tolerance of 10% or more. The proliferation rate of the algae is 2 times/day or more. An adhesion adjuvant for improving adhesiveness of algae is contained in the dispersion liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The surface of coal is wetted before sprinkling process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Hydrogen obtained by dehydrogenation of organic hydride and hydrogen obtained by water electrolysis apparatus are combined and supplied to a different source. The system has a control unit (11) for controlling feed rate of hydrogen by water electrolysis apparatus. The thermoelectric feeder device is solid oxide fuel cell or engine generator. The organic hydrate is methyl cyclohexane. The dehydrogenated material is toluene. Hydrogen contained in organic hydride is hydrogen by renewable energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer chamber is equipped with a lightning rod. The inner chamber wall and inner chamber are provided with a circulation warming device, which are connected with each other. The external surface of the outer chamber is equipped with an insulating layer. The circulation warming device utilizes a solar warming device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic digester is shallow buried from low end to high end of the slope (3-5%). The aerial parts of digester is vertical cylindrical in shape. The digester is connected to ground and the ground part angle is greater than 90 degrees . The digester feeding pipe passes through the soil layer at the bottom of the pre-treated fermenting material in anaerobic digester. The ferment material is discharged on the ground through the port. The methane is discharged through a top biogas outlet. The digester is made of plastic material. The digester main body is a welding plastic board. The feeding, discharging and material conveying pipes are made of plastic tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic component is cobalt and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polymer is obtained by oxidative polymerization, and heat-processing at 250-1100 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    n=1 or 2;and    Ar'=optionally substituted polycyclic aromatic ring, preferably naphthalene.    EXAMPLE - (In g) iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (0.98), and Ketjen black EC300 (RTM: carbon black) (0.30) were added in 100 ml round bottom flask, methanol (15 ml) was added, cooled in ice bath, methanol solution containing 1,5-diamino napthalene (0.560) dissolved in methanol was dripped, polymerized, cobalt sulfate (0.30) was added, stirred at room temperature for 6 hours, solvent was evaporated, dried at room temperature for 12 hours under reduced pressure of 200 Pa, heated at 900 degrees C for 1 hour in tubular furnace, under nitrogen stream, treated with ultrasonic waves, filtered, and dried overnight at room temperature under 200 Pa, to obtain modified aromatic amine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solid-liquid separating and drying device passes through a baffle (5) and a funnel (15) and in turn connected to the crushing device. The baffle is connected with a baffle motor. The solid-liquid separating and drying device comprises a stirring motor (1) and a waste inlet (2) set on the top cover (16). A stirring box body is provided with a connecting rod. The connecting rod is connected with a mixing rod. A stirring device is arranged on the stirring rod. The two side faces of the lower part of the stirring box body are provided with a screen and a liquid pipeline. The two side faces of the upper part of the stirring box body are provided with a temperature controller. The crushing device comprises a crushing box body. The lower part of the crushing box is provided with a crushing motor. The crushing motor is connected to a crushing blade. The fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank, which is a cylindrical container. The stirring box has an inverted cone structure. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with a stirring rod. The programmable logic controller is connected to the stirring motor, crushing motor and baffle motor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The position of outlet end of the feeding pipe in the marsh gas tank is northwest 0-2 degrees . The position of water pressure room in the marsh gas tank is southwest 61.1 degrees . The position of the feeding pipe at the outlet end of the biogas tank is northwest 1.5 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the adjustment of the sugar degree uses one of the methods of adding glucose, and performing vacuum concentration and/or film concentration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-standard diesel is a light hydrocarbon comprising a mixture of 9-22C alkane, alkene, cycloalkane and aromatic hydrocarbon. The biodiesel is a fatty acid methyl ester mixture of plant and animal oil. The methanol is 99% methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The C. versatilis liquid culture medium, which is malt juice liquid culture medium, comprises 6-10 Baume of malt juice liquid and 12% sodium chloride, where pH is 5.0-5.5. The C. versatilis is C. versatilis (CGMCC 3790). Based on wet base, the fermenting culture temperature is 25-35 degrees C; and culturing time is 10-30 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The transfollicular oxyfusion process physically manipulates skin and underlying tissues in order to assist the transfollicular penetration of the formulation and/or solution into the pilosebaceous unit and thus enhances bioavailability at cellular level. The transfollicular oxyfusion process involves skin exfoliation process by chemical and/or physical exfoliation chosen from epilation, dermabrasion with aluminum oxide, abrasive, ground plant-based material, sugar, salt, and minerals, chemical peeling, enzymatic peeling, skin peeling, adhesive tape stripping, adhesive glue stripping, solvent stripping with ethanol, wax stripping, physical abrasive stripping for removing functional epidermal layers, sebum and/or environmental pollutants fully or partially from the follicle. ACTIVITY - Endocrine-Gen.; Nootropic; Keratolytic; Dermatological; Vasotropic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Cell therapy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The activated carbon is wood activated carbon powder. The volume ratio of anammox sludge and embedding medium is 1:1-1:3. The mass fraction of calcium chloride is 4%. Preferred Property: The diameter of immobilized ball is 3-6 m. Preferred Process: The activated carbon is treated by acid and alkali, impurities are removed, rinsed by running water, soaked in hydrochloric acid solution (9-10%) for 20-30 hours and in sodium hydroxide solution (1-2%) for 20-30 hours, washed by water, soaked in normal saline for 20-30 hours and dried. The anammox sludge is processed by washing with phosphate buffer solution with pH of 7.5-8 for 2-3 times, and precipitating or centrifuging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The preparation method of the beef extract culture solution comprises preparing beef extract (2 g), corn powder (5 g), bran (5 g), potato starch (5 g), and sodium chloride (5 g), fixing the volume to 1000 ml, regulating pH to 7.2-7.4, and sterilizing for 20 minutes at 121 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of antagonist I-23 is more than 1x 108 cfu/g. The content of total nitrogen is 4-5% by mass ratio. The total nitrogen contains more than 90% of organic nitrogen. The content of total phosphorus-nitrogen-potassium is 6-10%. The content of organic matter is 30-35%. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The desulfurizing agent is ferric oxide desulfurizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water temperature for spraying and washing by water is 4-10 degrees C. The water after spraying and washing is returned into a normal-pressure resolving tower to release carbon dioxide. A water pump is used to pressurize to 1.1-1.8MPa. The pressure of the water pump is higher than that of the compressor. A water cooling unit is used to cool to 4-10 degrees C to feed into the absorbing tower for spraying, so that water circulation is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The Aspergillus niger strain J4 (CGMCC 4219) and the Aspergillus niger strain J6 (CGMCC 4220) are respectively inoculated to the PDA inclined face to prepare inclined-face strain which is preserved at - 4 degrees C. Then, the inclined-face strain is inoculated to a PDA substrate flat plate and is cultivated for 3-5 days at 25-32 degrees C. After the spore is matured, the sterilized glucose base salt substrate is used for flushing the flat plate so as to prepare fungal suspension with density of 3x 108/ml. The obtained product is added to the glucose base salt substrate. After cultivation is executed for 6 hours at 30 degrees C, the spore is sprouted to obtain the spore seed liquid. The glucose base salt substrate comprises (%) sodium chloride (0.1), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.05), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.15), ammonium nitrate (0.1), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.0), and glucose (0.1-0.3), with pH value of 5.5-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The synthesis of 16- alpha -hydroxy sterane, in step (a), uses 20 g of prednisone, 120 mL of alkaline organic solvent, 50 mL of acetone, and the amount of obtained 15.6 g of medium body (I) is 15.6 g. In step (b), the synthesis uses 20 g of medium body (I), 11 g of oxidizing agent, 2 mL of organic weak alkaline retarding agent, 1000 mL of acetone, 5 g of nitrite, and the amount of obtained medium body (II) is 20 g. In step (c), the synthesis uses 20 g of medium body II, 200 mL of organic solvent, 15 g of semicarbazide hydrochloride, and the amount of the obtained medium body (III) is 24 g. In step (d), the synthesis uses 20 g of medium body (III), 300 mL of organic solvent, 5 g of reducing agent, 5 mL of acetate acid, and the amount of the obtained medium body (IV) is 18 g. In step (e), the synthesis uses 20 g of medium body (IV) and the amount of the obtained crude 16- alpha -hydroxy sterane is 13.8 g. Preferred Component: The alkaline organic solvent in step (a) is pyridine, trimethyl pyridine, or other compounds including the pyridine. The oxidizing agent in step (b) is potassium permanganate, and osmium tetroxide. The organic weak alkaline retarding agent in step (b) is triethyl amine, pyridine or trimethyl pyridine. The organic solvent in step (c) is polarity solvents of methyl alcohol and alcohol. The organic solvent in step (d) is methyl alcohol, alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane. The three-phase solvent in step (e) is methyl alcohol, water, and dichloromethane; methyl alcohol, water and trichloromethane; alcohol, water and dichloromethane; or alcohol, water and trichloromethane. The multi-phase solvent in step (f) is water, methyl alcohol, and dichloromethane; or water, alcohol and dichloromethane. Preferred Method: The end of the plate layer analysis reaction in steps (a)-(d) is that the raw material point is less than 1% when material is detected under the 254 nm ultraviolet lamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Mychonastes sp. HS0-3-1 is isolated from fresh water. Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae strain is cultured using (in g/l) sodium nitrate (0.15-15), and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.05-1). The microalgae strain is cultured using BG-II medium by continuous culture method, which involves performing initial amplification culture, and illuminating the culture with intensity of 60-1000, preferably 30-500 g/mol photons/seconds at 20-32 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - An expanding net formed of titanium, nickel or titanium nickel alloy is equipped between the film electrode and inside of middle electrode plate. The surfaces of the front and back end electrode plates, the middle electrode plate and the expanding net are coated with platinum, gold or platinum gold alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The super-gravity cutter cuts the water to atomized drops by a screen rotary drum rotating at a high speed. The atomizing ability of the supersonic atomizer atomizes the drops into nanometer particles. The electromagnetic wave generated by the electromagnetic radiation generator enlarges the distances between the hydrogen molecule and oxygen molecule in water molecule, and controls the electromagnetic radiation energy through a computer and regulate the distances required by enlarging. The predetermined-cracking is carried out before the spray at a high temperature and pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dysprosium compound, erbium compound, scandium compound, and neodymium compound or their salts account for 40% of quality component so that proportion of single component is adjusted into 5-15%. The lutetium compound, erbium compound, scandium compound, praseodymium compound, and neodymium compound, or their salts account for 40% of quality component so that proportion of single component is adjusted into 3-12%. The erbium compound, scandium compound, praseodymium compound, and neodymium compound, or their salts account for 40% of quality component so that proportion of single component is adjusted to 5-15%. The compound is oxide, chloride, or fluoride. The salts are nitrate, carbonate, or phosphate. The solution has concentration range of 10-15%. The nano rare-earth additive accounts for 0.2-3 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Potassium nitrate (15-55 mM) is added into a quartz container capable of being sealed for serving as electrolyte, and the pH of the electrolyte is adjusted to be 1-3 using 1L of sulfuric acid. Oxygen is removed after sealing the quartz container, and a photochemical catalyst battery three-electrode system is constructed in the quartz container using organic semiconductor visible light photochemical catalyst anode as working electrode, calomel electrode as reference electrode and platinum electrode as comparison electrode. Water is decomposed in the container connected with an electrochemical work station by irradiating visible light.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The perylene amide derivative is of formula (I).R,R'=less than 20C aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of biomass is 20-50 weight/volume%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The catalyst further comprises water. The enzyme is lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structure-directing agent is poly(ethylene oxide)20-poly(propylene oxide)70-poly(ethyleneoxide)20 or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The polymer particle is polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate. The silica precursor is tetraethyl orthosilicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodegradable materials are stainless steel, copper, carbonate, urethane, tungsten, heat-resistant tile, ceramics, titanium, iron, aluminum, quartz, carbon steel, tempered glass, clay, diamond, chrome, nickel, brass, gold, silver, lead, sodium, cadmium, lithium, magnesium, magnesium, zinc, tin, osmium, bronze, pure silver copper, barium, emerald, marble, granite, limestone, concrete, artificial stone, paving stone, basalt, natural stone, volcanic rock, garden stone, corallite, turquoise, ruby, soft steel, semisoft steel, semi-hard steel, hardened steel, manganese, silicon, vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, boron, nickel steel, molybdenum steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy, malleable cast iron, cast steel, yellow soil stone, jade, cement and/or gypsum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biodegradable materials are polyurethane, polypropylene, plastic, silicone rubber, polycarbonate, epoxy resin and/or urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, prior to the supply of the generated SNG gas to the gas grid performing at least one further gas separation step followed by combustion and expansion in a turbine, and/or electrochemical conversion to heat and/or power of the separated depleted gas and/or supply of the generated further purified SNG gas to a gas grid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The preset adsorbate contains sulfur compound or aromatic compound. The gas for desorption is air, hydrogen-containing gas, or substance having higher polarity than adsorbate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Main fuel is fossil fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon rich fuel gas stream is natural gas, oil, coal, refinery off gases or biomass. Preferred Method: In the method, a combined cycle power plant provides power to the air separation unit which produces nitrogen, where a portion of the nitrogen is fed to the hydrogen, which is fed to the combined cycle power plant. In the method, some air is blended to the waste oxygen gas stream. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microorganism or enzyme is identified by high throughput screening method. The microorganism or enzyme is developed for optimal devulcanization by mutation using a process chosen from PCR, gene shuffling, transcription engineering and random mutation using chemical, biological or other mutagens. The microorganism or enzyme is developed for improved tolerance to the solvent by mutation using any one of the above-cited processes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is a pure solvent or mixture of solvents identified by using high throughput screens.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The particulate vulcanized rubber compound is provided through grinding or shaving a vulcanized rubber compound. Preferred Method: The method further involves removing or deactivating a residue generated from the devulcanization of the particulate vulcanized rubber compound. The devulcanization of the particulate vulcanized rubber compound involves breaking a sulfur-sulfur or sulfur-carbon bond. The solvent is chosen from hexane, toluene, and benzene. The particulate vulcanized rubber compound comprises a natural rubber or a synthetic rubber. The optimal devulcanization is determined by measuring the reaction products generated by the devulcanization, or imaging techniques which detect an increased solvent swelling resulting from a reduced cross-link density due to the devulcanization. The method further involves pre-treating the vulcanized rubber compound to remove or deactivate a toxic chemical from the rubber compound before devulcanization of the rubber compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel blend comprises at least 5 (preferably 10) vol.% of ethyl acetate. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon-containing fuel component is gasoline, diesel, petroleum gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, bioethanol and/or biodiesel. The ethyl acetate is a biomass intermediate product in the ethanol production process, where the ethyl acetate is formed by the: acid catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with ethanol; direct esterification of acetic acid; inter-esterification of acetic acid; or dehydrogenation of ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass is dried to a moisture content of less than 15 wt.% before the material passes into the reactor. The vacuum applied to the reactor is less than 500 (preferably less than 200) torr. The method further involves introducing a catalyst into the reactor. The catalyst is introduced prior to the steam, or introduced together with the steam. The treated biomass has a moisture content of less than 30 wt.%. The method further involves the step of forming the treated biomass into a pellet. The treated biomass is extruded into the pellet with a compound extruder. The method involves adding a carbon source (less than 50 wt.%) to the biomass. Preferred Components: The carbon source is coal dust, coke powder, or unprocessed biomass. The catalyst is a fatty acid, ester, or triglyceride. EXAMPLE - Steam-treated oak wood chips were dried to a moisture content of 15% to a vacuum of 250 torr for 2 minutes in a preheated reactor following which dry steam at 210 degrees C was injected and the whole held at this temperature for 6 minutes before discharged, dried to 9% moisture and then converted into pellets 6 mm in diameter in a mill die whose die compression length was 8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The circulation through the circulating cross-section takes place in time intervals. The introduction of the starting materials into the fermentor takes place in the intake region of the driving unit. Preferred Components: The opening along the partition wall is preferably vertically movable. The ring channel system is formed in a meandering manner. The partition wall above and below the opening is made of partition curtains, which are foldable and variable in their length. Only a single partition wall together with the driving unit is provided in the fermentor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver is present as an inorganic or organic silver salt. The silver is present on a support material, e.g. kaolin, talc or titanium oxide. The l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one derivative is l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, N-methyl-l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or a mixture of two or three of these compounds, preferably ,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. The pyrithione is zinc-, sodium-, silver-, copper- or iron pyrithione or a mixture of at least two of these compounds, preferably zinc pyrithione. The biocidal composition comprises pyrithione (0.01-30 wt.%), silver (0.01-10 wt.%) and l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one derivative (1-50 wt.%), based on the total biocidal composition. The biocidal composition is present as a liquid preparation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microorganisms belong to Rhizopus genus e.g. Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis. Microorganisms belong to Mucor genus e.g. Mucor plumbeus, Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, Mucor subtilissimus and Mucor ramannianus. Microorganisms which belong to Rhizopus genus are Rhizopus oryzae (NITE BP-945). Microorganisms which belong to Mucor genus are Mucor racemosus (NITE BP-946) or Mucor circinelloides f. Circinelloides (NBRC 4570). Cellulose decomposition promoting agent contains culture product or extract of microorganism culture. Cellulose decomposition promoting agent contains cellulase. Cellulase is derived from Trichoderma genus, Aspergillus genus or Acremonium genus. Culture medium is a cellulose-containing solid medium. Preferred Parameters: Polypeptide has a molecular weight of 35 kDa. Synergistic ratio of cellulose decomposition promoting agent and polypeptide is 1.2-2.5. Polypeptide has low cellulose decomposing activity. Polypeptide has low beta -glucosidase activity. Preferred Processes: The manufacturing method includes polypeptide purification process which involves removing solid component from culture medium after addition of solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biomass, residual carbon, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate are conveyed by a spiral cage conveyor. The combustion chamber comprises a cylindrical furnace on the upper part, and a movable plug at the lower part, where the cylindrical furnace and the movable plug are connected by a flange. The smoke on the top end of the combustion chamber is guided by a draught fan, and the air is fed into the bottom end by a blast blower, where the two states are combined to maintain a non-pressure state or a micro-pressure state in the combustion chamber. A rib sheet is added on the external wall of the internal pipe of the sleeve of the sleeve type pyrolysis device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The number of air inlet units is three. The angle of the nozzle with hearth formed between the side of the air inlet pipe is 30 degrees . The nozzle with nozzle joint is set between air inlet valves, provided with a temperature sensor. The nozzle with side furnace wall is set between a number of refractory concrete layers. The draw direction pipe in the pipe wall is provided with an inner bump, which is four in number and uniformly arranged along the same circumference. The draw direction tube is sleeved with the outer pipe wall of the cross section of the rectangular plate. The rectangular plates are respectively connected with two ends of the fireproof mud layer. The side furnace wall is connected with phase. The fireproof mud layer is provided with the cover plate, and is connected with the reinforced body. The upper furnace door with lower furnace door is set between the fire grate net. The furnace side wall with aluminum silicate fiber layer is provided with a two number refractory concrete layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The purification system further comprises a secondary heat exchanger (5). One end of secondary heat exchanger is connected with the first-level heat exchanger and the other with the high level voltage electrostatic detarrer. The purification system further comprises a washing tower with a filter. The one end of washing tower is connected with the high level voltage electrostatic detarrer and the other end is connected with the filter. One end of filter is connected with secondary high level voltage electrostatic detarrer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The gas utilization installation consists of a synthesis reaction installation which synthesizes methanol, dimethyl ether, etc., a gasification power generation equipment or combustion installation which uses as a fuel the off gas delivered from the synthesis reaction installation, or gasifying gas, a reflux path which branches from the delivery flow path of off gas among consumption gas (a portion of off gas is refluxed to gasification facility through a controlling valve), and a reflux path which branches from the delivery flow path of waste gas delivered from the gasification power generation equipment or a combustion installation among the consumption gas (a portion of waste gas is refluxed to gasification facility through a controlling valve). A pressure-rise unit (P1) and a header (H1) are provided in reflux path (R1). A pressure-reduction unit (P2) and a header (H2) are provided in reflux path (R2). A portion of gasifying gas, off gas, and/or waste gas is controlled by the controller as purging fluid and backwashing fluid adjusted to preset pressure to be selectively supplied. The synthesis reaction installation, gasification power generation equipment, and combustion installation are arranged in series. A portion of off gas and a portion of waste gas are selectively recirculated to gasification facility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: Sponge nickel preferably has a volume average particle diameter of 120-170 mu m and a BET specific surface area of 80-130 m2/g. Preferred Composition: The desulfurizing agent further contains aluminum (4-18 %mass), and molybdenum, bismuth, tungsten and/or vanadium.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: preparing the PAMAM dendrimer by reacting ethylenediamine with methyl acrylate; and conjugating the dendrimer with porphyrins or porphyrin-like compounds. Preferred Components: The porphyrins or porphyrin like compounds are protoporphyrins IX, mesoporphyrins, hemins, hematoporphyrins or deuteroporphyrins. The porphyrins or porphyrin like compounds are bonded to the dendrimer between the amino groups from the dendrimer and carboxylic groups or alkene groups from the porphyrins. Preferred Method: The ethylenediamine and the methyl acrylate are dissolved in methanol before the preparing step. The conjugating step is catalyzed by triethylamine. The dendrimer, triethylamine and porphyrins or porphyrin-like compounds are dissolved in dichloromethane. ACTIVITY - Anti-HIV.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (pts. wt.): mixture of cow dung and straw (700), turf (200), sugar (25), and P. polymyxa strain fermentation liquor (75). Preferred Method: The fermentation culture medium in step (A) comprises glucose (10 g), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.5 g), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2 g), ferric chloride (0.005 g), calcium carbonate (1 g), yeast extract (0.4 g) and water (1000 mL). The step (B) includes uniformly mixing fresh cow dung (600 pts. wt.) and straw (400 pts. wt.), stacking into pile having width of 3 m, height of 2 m and length of 100 -150 m, turning with turning machine each 2 days, controlling temperature of high temperature fermenting, keeping temperature of pile at 50-70 degrees C for more than 7 days, and fermenting for 30 days; and ending fermenting after cooling to normal temperature, airing and crushing, and sieving with 80-mesh sieve. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw coal is the coal with low metamorphic grade and/or medium metamorphic grade, preferably medium viscosity and/or high viscosity coal with low metamorphic grade, such as low-order bituminous coal or middle and old-aged brown coal. The biomass is plant biomass containing the lignin, preferably straw of wheat, corn, kaoliang, rice, cotton, peanut, kaoliang and/or bean. The raw coal and biomass are mixed from (pts.wt.) raw coal (60-85, preferably 75-80) and biomass (15-40, preferably 20-25). The raw coal and/or biomass is dried preliminarily before crushing or after crushing, while sieving or after sieving, where the water content of the dried raw coal and/or biomass after drying is less than or equal to 15%, preferably less than or equal to 5%. Substances added to the raw coal and/or biomass include high temperature coal tar, industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation, sludge in the petroleum processing, bentonite, loess, and/or sulfur elimination agent, preferably industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation or loess.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw coal is low metamorphic grade coal, preferably non-stick, and/or weak stick low metamorphic grade coal. The non-stick, and/or weak stick low metamorphic grade coal is produced from Inner Mongolia. The low metamorphic grade coal is lignite or long bituminous coal. The raw coal is middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal and/or middle metamorphic grade coal, preferably middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal. The middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal is produced from the Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia, such as low order bituminous coal or middle aged lignite. The biomass is vegetal biomass including lignin, preferably wheat, corn, kaoliang, rice, Leguminosae, cotton and/or the stalk of grass family crop, and/or the sawdust or bamboo shavings generated by processing wood or bamboo, the sawdust and/or grass shavings after cutting shrub. The biomass is pasture, weeds, stalk, shell, kernel, corncob, core wood, fallen leaves, bark, tree root, forestry processing waste, arbor growing quickly and the circulation period is short, shrub and herbaceous plant, reed, and/or water plants. The biomass molded coal comprises (pts.wt.) 60-85 parts of raw coal (60-85, preferably 75-80) and 15-40 parts of biomass (15-40, preferably 20-25). The biomass molded coal further comprises high temperature coal tar, leftovers of commercial grease, residue in the preparation process of biodiesel, sludge after oil exploitation, loess, sulfur elimination, bentonite or the mixture of two or more of the above substances, and preferably comprising one or several of leftovers of commercial grease, sludge after oil exploitation and loess. Based on 100 pts.wt. raw coal and biomass, 5-25 pts.wt. of other substances are included. Besides powder coal and biomass, the molded coal does not include other adhesives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw coal is the coal with low metamorphic grade and/or medium metamorphic grade, preferably medium viscosity and/or high viscosity coal with low metamorphic grade, such as low-order bituminous coal or middle-aged brown coal. The biomass is the plant biomass containing the lignin, preferably straw of the wheat, corn, kaoliang, rice, cotton, peanut, kaoliang and/or bean. The raw coal and biomass are mixed with (pts.wt.) raw coal (60-85, preferably 75-80) and biomass (15-40, preferably 20-25). The raw coal and/or biomass is added with high temperature coal tar, industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation, sludge in the petroleum processing, bentonite, loess, and/or sulfur elimination agent, preferably industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation or loess.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw coal is the coal with low metamorphic grade and/or medium metamorphic grade, preferably medium viscosity and/or high viscosity coal with low metamorphic grade, such as the low-order bituminous coal or middle-aged brown coal. The biomass is plant biomass containing lignin, preferably straw of the wheat, corn, kaoliang, rice, cotton, peanut, kaoliang and/or bean. The raw coal and biomass are mixed with (pts.wt.) raw coal (60-85, preferably 75-80) and biomass (15-40, preferably 20-25). The raw coal and/or biomass are added with high temperature coal tar, industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation, sludge in the petroleum processing, bentonite, loess, and/or sulfur elimination agent, preferably industrial grease leftover, residue in the diesel preparation or loess. The additional adhesive is not added to the preparation of the biomass coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw coal is low metamorphic grade coal and/or middle metamorphic grade coal, and the biomass is plant biomass with lignin. The raw coal is middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal and/or middle metamorphic grade coal, and the biomass is plant biomass with lignin. The low metamorphic grade coal and/or middle metamorphic grade coal is selected from non stick, and/or weak stick low metamorphic grade coal; the biomass is straw of crops of wheat, corn, kaoliang and rice, and/or wood chippings generated by wood processing. The raw coal is non-stick, and/or weak stick low metamorphic grade coal produced in Inner Mongolia. The raw coal is brown coal or flenu coal. The middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal is middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal produced in Hulunbuir region of Inner Mongolia, and the biomass is straw of crops of wheat, corn, kaoliang and rice, and/or wood chippings generated by wood processing. The middle stick and/or high stick low metamorphic grade coal is low soft coal and/or brown coal. The biomass molded coal comprises (pts.wt.) raw coal (60-85, preferably 75-80) and biomass (15-40, preferably 20-25). The biomass molded coal further comprises other substances from high temperature coal tar, leftovers of commercial grease, residue in the preparation process of biodiesel, sludge after oil exploitation, loess, sulfur elimination, and/or bentonite, preferably leftovers of commercial grease, sludge after oil exploitation or loess.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is vegetative biomass containing lignin selected from pasture, weeds, straw, shell, nucleus, corn core, fuel wood, fallen leaves, rind, root, forestry waste, reed, waterweeds, arbor featured in fast growth and short circulation period, shrub, and/or grass plant. The vegetative biomass containing the lignin is wheat, corn, broomcorn, rice, bean, cotton or straw of gramineous plant of the other combination. It includes sawdust or bamboo dust generated by processing wood or bamboo, and/or sawdust or bamboo dust after cutting shrub. The bio-briquette comprises 60-85 (preferably 75-80) pts.wt. raw coal and 15-40 (preferably 20-35) pts.wt. biomass. The crushed raw coal and the biomass are sieved until the granularity is less than or equal to 10 (preferably less than 3) mm. The temperature is 150-500 (preferably 220-230 or 190-195) degrees C. The heat preservation time is 10-40 (preferably 20) minutes, and the forming pressure is 5-20 (preferably 10-15) T. The bio-briquette further comprises mixture selected from two or more of high-temperature coal tar, bottoms of industrial oil, residue in biological diesel oil production procedure, sludge treated by oil exploitation, loess, sulfur eliminator, bentonite or the combination preferably one or more of bottoms of industrial oil, sludge treated by oil exploitation, loess, where the other matter comprises 5-25 pts.wt. based on 100 pts. of raw coal and the biomass. The raw coal is low-deterioration coal carbon and/or intermediate-deterioration coal, preferably the low-deterioration coal carbon selected from brown coal and flenu coal. The raw coal is selected from the intermediate-adhesive and/or high-adhesive low-deterioration coal carbon and/or the intermediate-deterioration coal, preferably intermediate-adhesive and/or high-adhesive low-deterioration coal carbon such as low-order soft coal or middle-aged brown coal in Hulunbuir of inner Mongolia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw coal is the coal with low metamorphic grade and/or medium metamorphic grade, preferably the medium viscosity and/or high viscosity coal with low metamorphic grade, such as the low-order bituminous coal or middle-aged brown coal. The biomass is the plant biomass containing the lignin which comprises xylophyta, herbaceous plant, vine or combination, preferably sawdust, bamboo dust, leftover or mixture from the crop straw, wood processing or bamboo processing. It is any one or more than two of straw of the wheat, corn, kaoliang, rice, cotton, peanut, kaoliang and bean. About 60-85 (preferably 75-80) pts.wt. raw coal and 15-40 (preferably 20-25) pts.wt. biomass are mixed. The raw coal has a granularity of less than or equal to 10 (preferably less than 3) mm. The biomass has a granularity of less than or equal to 10 (preferably less than 3) mm. The predetermined temperature is 150-400 (preferably 190-195) degrees C. The maintaining time is 10-30 (preferably 10-20) minutes and molding pressure is 5-20 (preferably 10-15) tons. The raw coal and/or biomass is dried preliminarily before crushing or after crushing, while sieving or after sieving; where water content of the dried raw coal and/or biomass after drying is less than or equal to 15 (preferably less than or equal to 5)%. The raw coal or biomass or mixture of the raw coal and biomass is added with high temperature coal tar, industrial oil leftover, residue in the diesel production, sludge in the petroleum processing, bentonite, loess, sulfur elimination agent or two or more mixtures, preferably any one or more of industrial oil leftover, residue in the diesel production and loess. The first temperature is 150-240 (preferably 190-195) degrees C, and the second temperature is 200-400 (preferably 220-230) degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises dewatering bark and sawdust until water contents are less than 20%; crushing the dewatered bark and sawdust by using the sieve with 50-155 meshes; mixing the crushed bark and sawdust into the mixed material and stirring uniformly, where the weight ratio of the crushed bark to sawdust to the straw to the P. stratiotes is 1:1:3:5. The straw comprises corn straw, broomcorn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, bean straw or cotton straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The plant oil is soybean oil, genetically modified soybean oil, safflower oil, tea seed oil, corn oil (chestnut meters oil), canola oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, genetically modified rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, palm oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, tung oil, Pistacia chinensis oil, or Jatropha curcas seed oil. The low carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The quaternary ammonium II type base ion exchange resin is of formula ((R)N.Cl)CH2CH2OH.R=copolymer crosslinked by divinyl with polystyrene as frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agricultural organic waste is straw, wheat bran, leaves of melon, and fruit and vegetables, and wheat straw. The tobacco leaf fragment is from waste tobacco leaf, tobacco stems or peduncles. The fertilizer comprises 3asterisk108 colony forming unit (cfu)/g of bacteria as measured by GB/T 4789-94, 5asterisk105 cfu/g of yeast as measured by NY/T 227-94 and 4asterisk10 cfu/g mold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culture medium is Murashige-Skoog (MS) culture medium comprising (in %): glucose (4) and peptone (2). The method involves culturing the product at 28-30 degrees C and shaking the culture at 80-180 revolutions per minute for 12-16 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature of the drying process is less than 120 degrees C, the temperature of the carbonization at 200-300 degrees C, and the outlet of the condensing device is less than 65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: About 3000-5000 g of Puyuan organic fertilizer fermenting agent is added to material per ton to ferment at 50-60 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The vaccination amount of Clostridium acetobutylicum is 500-200 L/ton of dry gas-explosion kitchen waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The reactor is operated by providing temperature of ferment tower at 35-40 degrees C by controlling circulation speed of carbon dioxide gas; controlling staying time to 36-44 hours of material in ferment tower by controlling material inlet speed and material outlet speed of spiral material feeder; and recycling acetone solvent, butanol solvent and alcohol solvent by controlling temperature of condenser to 40-65 degrees C and temperature of evaporator to 4-8 degrees C of a heat pump system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid-liquid separation is that water content of kitchen wastes is reduced to 40-50% (w/w). The pre-processing conditions of gas explosion includes 1-2 MPa of pressure and 30-900 seconds of the processing time. The amount of saccharifying enzyme is 1000-5000 U/100 g of dry gas-explosion kitchen waste. The amount of cellulose is 200-1000 IU/100 g of dry gas-explosion kitchen waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The processing pool is set at the upper side of the sealing type inspection cleaning well provided with a sealing well cover. The water outlet pipe is provided with anti-clogging inspection well. The processing pool is a steel glass of the whole pool body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The power system comprises a motor and a speed reducer. The motor is connected with the speed reducer. The air purifying device comprises a filter and an exhaust fan. The exhaust fan is connected with a filter. The filter is equipped with an exhaust pipe; and the exhaust pipe is connected with the other end of the exhaust port. The delivery device comprises a material box, a supporting arm and a pulley device. The material box is movably connected at the base of the degrading tank through the supporting arm. The pulley device is installed at the top of the degrading tank through a support. The pulley device is connected with a feed box.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reversible cloth belt machine comprises a machine frame, a driving device, a cloth belt and an electric roller, where the cloth belt is connected to the electric roller. The electric roller is connected to the driving device. The discharging telescopic belt machine comprises a belt machine which is fixed on the belt machine tail pulley, where the belt machine tail pulley is fixed in a mixer in the belt pulley rail. The telescopic belt machine head is fixedly connected to the material distributing trolley whose middle part is suspended on one end of the tail pulley which is set in the mixing machine below the belt pulley rail. The material distributing trolley while operating is placed on the telescopic belt machine with the mixing machine under sliding, and maintaining the mixing machine below the discharge hole on the telescopic belt machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M2) involves subjecting the obtained extract to ultracentrifugation at 600 Watts 94.6MHz-1200 Watts 28 KHz for 5 seconds, and aging the obtained product for 3 years. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating device is installed with the shell and the inner container. The cover is provided with a pressure measuring device located in the one-way air valve. The cover is set with an activated carbon adsorption device and a deodorizing device. The activated carbon absorption device and the deodorizing device cover the one-way air valve at the top. The shell and the inner container are set in a middle insulating layer. The insulating layer and the shell are set within an air heat insulation layer. The device further comprises a temperature setting device, an automatic power-off protection device, a time setting device and/or a temperature control device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The multiple parallel condensing plates has uniform spacing. A beam horizontally passes through each condensing plate and is firmly connected with each condensing plate. The overflow tank and condensing plate are of same length. The bottom of the overflow tank is firmly connected to the upper end of the condensing plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lipid extraction solvent is hydrocarbon solvent. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dryer is filled with boric acid and silicon gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The total bacteria number in the garbage treating agent is not less than 2x 108/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ratio of the n(phenol) to n(catalyst) to n(MIC) is 1:0.005:1.05. The reaction temperature is 90-100 degrees C. The reaction time is 2 hours. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The composite bacterial suspension comprises Bacillus, Actinomycetes and Acinetobacter in the volume ratio of 5:2:3. The Bacillus is at least one of B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.thuringiensis and B.polymyxa. Preferred Culture Medium: The strain activation culture medium comprises beef extract, peptone, sodium chloride, agar, glucose and sterile water in the weight ratio of 1:30:10:40:40:2000. The production fermentation culture medium comprises beef extract, peptone, magnesium chloride, corn flour, sucrose, starch, ferrous sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and sterile water in the weight ratio of 10:200:5:400:300:100:10:4:2000. The pH value of the strain activation culture medium and production fermentation culture medium is 7.2-7.6. Preferred Method: The method involves separately conducting high temperature sterilization on the strain activation culture medium and production fermentation culture medium at 120-125 degrees C for 20-30 minutes, and inoculating microbial strains to be cultured into the culture medium. The method involves prilling and drying the mixture and using composite bacterial suspension to envelope particles to obtain fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The drying agent is bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The humic acid is at least one of potassium humate and sodium humate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cultivation involves selecting flood land, barren mountain and shoal close to water source or with sufficient rainfall quantity in March to October of every year, turning over soil, opening plant grooves, where the depth of the groove is 10-15 cm, paving organic fertilizer (8-12 cm) and soil mixture in the groove, arranging seedlings in 3-7 cm, and wetting the seedlings completely. The harvesting step involves cultivating the T.lutarioriparia plant to November of second year until leaves becomes yellow and sere, drying the leaves completely, reflowing nutrient of leaves and stem to the underground, harvesting the leaves by special harvesting machine, reducing moisture content of the stem during pretreatment step, drying the stem in the soil to harvest in January, and airing the leaves in the soil. The pretreatment involves cutting the stem which is dried to obtain 8-12% of moisture content into 2.4-3.5 cm by cutting machine, processing the stem into biocarbon by movable smoke-less coking apparatus, cutting the stem into 1-1.4 m, binding the stem into small bundle, where the diameter of the bundle is 60 cm, and obtaining biocarbon by large fixed smoke-less coking furnace. The storing step involves selecting waste mine wells and swale close to the project, and packaging the T.lutarioriparia plant to storage. The indirect storing step involves processing the biocarbon into particles to fertilize soil, where the diameter of the particle is 0.5 cm, and making the particle as soil improving agent or carbon composite fertilizer. The method involves making the biocarbon as soil improving agent or carbon composite fertilizer to fertilize the farmland or T.lutarioriparia plant land, and balancing pH value of the soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroscopic clay mineral is one or more of attapulgite, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite or organic bentonite and imvite. The plant residues are one, two, or more of tea residue, Hodgsonia macrocarpa residue, dried jam residue, tobacco fine waste, hop residues, manioc waste, and residues derived from pineapple process. The magnesium-containing alkaline substance is one, two, or more of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate or powdered magnesite and powdered dolomite. The substance containing phosphate radicals and ammonium ions is monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or triammonium phosphate. Preferred Method: The step (a) further involves adding 1-5 kg of hydroscopic high molecular compound per m3 of dewatered sludge. The step (a) involves adding layer of sludge, layer of the mixture of the hydroscopic clay mineral and the hydroscopic high molecular compound, layer of plant residues and a layer of sludge in a cyclic process, where the hydroscopic high molecular compound is one of carboxymethyl starch and carboxymethylcellulose. The step (c) further involves adding ammonium bicarbonate and a monocalcium phosphate containing fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding trace element fertilizer, and one or more of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in step (c). The lime is added to the hydrolysis residue in the mass ratio of 4-5:0.5-1. The water content of the compound microbial fertilizer is 30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The EM bacterial liquid is a Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium comprising glucose (4%) and peptone (2%). The EM bacterial liquid is obtained by cultivating the bacteria at 28-30 degrees C and 80-180 revolutions/minute for 12-16 hours and subculturing the cultured strain. Preferred Component: The animal manure is a mixture of one or more of cow dung, horse dung, chicken dung or duck dung. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fermented mushroom residue comprises (in parts weight): waste mushroom residue (60-80), strain (1-3), fly ash (0.5-2), organic or inorganic nitrogen source (1-10) and auxiliary materials (5-30). The crosslinking agent comprises borax, zinc oxide or their mixture. The strain is fermentation bacteria. The auxiliary materials are capable of regulating initial carbon-nitrogen ratio. The auxiliary materials comprise straw, sawdust, wood dust, chicken dung and their mixtures. The natural soil material comprises bentonite, sepiolite, palygorskite and their mixtures. The special processing solution comprises sulfuric acid, calcium fluorophosphate, phosphogypsum, water, straw powder and nitrogenous fertilizer compound in the ratio of 1.5-2.3:0.4-1:0.5-1.3:1.4-2.8:0.6-0.9:0.4-2.2. The initial particle size of the materials before fermentation is 30-70 mm, initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 28-32:1, water content is 50-60%, initial organic matter content is 20-80%, and the germination index after fermentation is 80% or more. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The organic materials are neem meal, soybean meal, castor, compost, sawdust, molasses or rice. The soil pest controlling ingredient is chosen from non-sulfur purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, red sulfur bacteria and chitosan. The product further comprises dispersing agent (2-10 wt.%) and binder (3-5 wt.%). The dispersing agent is chosen from lignin, polyvinyl chloride, dextrin, cyclodextrin and saccharides. The total organic content of azadiractin is 45-60 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Nematocide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves culturing Lactobacillus in the obtained medium at 28-30 degrees C, preferably 25-27 degrees C for 11-13, preferably 9-11, more preferably 4-6 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Amino Acid: The amino acid is chosen from (in parts weight) L-threonine (2-4), L-asparagine (2-4), L-serine (3-5), L-glutamine (8-10), L-proline (2-4), L-glycine (1-3), L-alanine (1-3), L-cysteine (1-3), L-valine (2-4), L-methionine (0.1-0.3), L-isoleucine (1-2), L-leucine (1-3), L-tyrosine (0.5-1.5), L-phenylalanine (1-2), L-lysine (1-3), L-histidine (0.5-1.5), and L-arginine (4-6). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide; Virucide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-temperature flow improver comprises (in parts weight) monomer mixture (100), solvent (100-900), chain transfer agent (0.05-1), and free radical initiator (0.05-10). The content of low-temperature flow improver is 100-10000 ppm in the fuel oil composition, and the content of biodiesel is 0.5-50 wt.%. Preferred Compounds: The vegetable oil-derived fatty alcohol is obtained by hydrogenating corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, arachis oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and/or palm oil in the presence of a metallic oxide catalyst chosen from copper-chromium oxide catalyst, zinc-yttrium oxide catalyst, zinc-iron-zirconium catalyst, zinc oxide/titania catalyst, and zinc-chromium oxide catalyst. The solvent is toluene, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, xylene and/or benzene. The chain transfer agent is n-dodecyl mercaptan and/or n-butyl mercaptan. The free radical initiator is benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy acetate, di-t-butylperoxide, t-butylperoxy pivalate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy neodecanoate, t-butylperoxy isobutyrate, t-butylperoxy benzoate, t-amylperoxy pivalate, t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)hydrochloride, and/or azobisisobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing process is performed at 80-120 degrees C for 1-24 hours. The culture medium comprises nitrogen source. The hydroxyalkanoate alkyl ester comprises substituents chosen from epoxy radical, cyano group, halo group and aromatic group. The method further involves controlling pH of the culture medium to 2-35 and temperature to 34-50 degrees C. The method further involves adding organic solvent, preferably chloroform to the culture medium. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism includes Aeromonas, Acidovax facilis, Achromobacter, Acidovorax delafieldii, Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Alcaligenes, Alteromonas, Amoebobacter, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter, Bacillus, Beggiatoa, Beijerinckia, Beneckea, Bordetella pertussis, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Caryophanon latum, Caulobacter, Chlorogloea, Chromatium, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Comamonas, Corynebacterium, Cyanobacteria, Derxia, Desulfonema, Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, Flavobacterium sp., Haemophilus influenza, Halobacterium, Haloferax mediterranei, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Hydrogenomonas facilis, Hydrogenophaga, Hyphomicrobium, Ilyobacter delafieldii, Labrys monachus, Lamprocystis roseopersicina, Lampropedia hyalina, Legionella sp., Leptothrix discophora, Methylobacterium, Methylosinus, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nitrobacter, Nocardia, Paracoccus denitrificans, Oscillatoria limosa, Penicillium cyclopium, Photobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodobacillus, Rhodobacter, Rhodococcus, Rhodocyclus, Rhodomicrobium vannielii, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Spirillum, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, Syntrophomonas wolfei, thermophilic Cyanobacterium and Thermus thermophilus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The further refrigerant is part of a mixture of second minor group of refrigerants, with a nature boiling point of below -100 degrees C, preferably -140 degrees C. The refrigeration system comprises at least one compressor having a pressure outlet connected to a condenser, from which the high pressure refrigerant flows through a heat exchanger, in which the high pressure refrigerant is cooled by low pressure cold refrigerant flowing back towards the suction inlet at the compressor, from which the high pressure refrigerant flows towards a flow restriction in form of a capillary tube (20), from which the low pressure refrigerant flows through an evaporator, from which the low pressure refrigerant flows through the heat exchanger back to the suction inlet of the compressor. The condenser is coil formed. The evaporator is formed in a number of parallel sections for shelves in a cooling shrank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The main group of refrigerants (butane, isobutane and ethylene) comprises more than 60 wt.% of the refrigerant mixture, and the further refrigerant comprises less than 30 wt.% of the refrigerant mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spacers are arranged to provide a distance of 5-20 Angstrom between adjacent graphene sheets or between the first and second graphene sheets. The spacers are: graphene spheres (6, 8) having a diameter of 5-15 Angstrom ; graphene single-walled nanotubes having a length of 5-20 Angstrom ; or small, pillared graphene layers having a thickness of 5-20 Angstrom . The graphene sheets are doped with lithium at a doping ratio of one lithium atom per three carbon atoms. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: arranging the spacers to provide a distance of 5-20 Angstrom between adjacent graphene sheets; forming the spacers as graphene spheres having a diameter of 5-15 Angstrom , graphene single-walled nanotubes having a length of 5-15 Angstrom or small, pillared graphene layers having a thickness of 5-20 Angstrom ; doping the graphene sheets with lithium; and introducing hydrogen fuel into the graphene sheets where the hydrogen fuel is stored within the graphene sheets.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The second fractionation process is performed after first fractionation process. The consortium is cultured under anaerobic conditions using culture medium containing citric acid and/or citrate as active carbon component. Preferred Microorganism: The filamentous bacteria are Trichococcus bacteria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst carries iron (0.07-7.0 wt.%) and strontium (0.06-6.0 wt.%), with respect to barium titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The diameter of 50% of the dry granulated sludge is 2.6-5 mm. The dry granulated sludge is obtained by performing rolling granulation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing methanol, the exothermically-generated syngas product is generated using a partial oxidation burner followed by a catalytic reforming section in a convectively heated steam plus hydrocarbon reformer. The hydrocarbon feed stream includes methane. The exothermically generated syngas product has a temperature greater than about 1000 degrees C. The endothermic reforming occurs at a pressure of about 70 bars or greater. The method further comprises producing substantially pure methanol using the cooled combined syngas at a rate of about 700 metric tons per day. The substantially pure methanol includes about 95% or greater methanol. The cooled combined syngas is passed to the methanol plant independent of using a feed stream compressor. The cooled combined syngas is passed to the methanol plant at a pressure in a range from about 70-100 bars. The second portion of the hydrocarbon feed stream includes a steam to active carbon ratio in a range of about 5-8. A gas-heated catalytic reformer (GHR) produces the endothermically-reformed syngas product by using catalyst filled tubes mounted in a vertical bundle with an inlet tube sheet at a top end and open bottom outlet ends. Preferred System: The system further comprises a methanol converter that produces substantially pure methanol using the cooled combined syngas at a rate of about 700 metric tons per day. The GHR includes catalyst filled tubes mounted in a vertical bundle with an inlet tube sheet at a top end and open bottom outlet ends. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The polyculture comprises a species of duckweed, a cyanobacteria (preferably Spirulina) and an aquatic fern (preferably Azolla), or multiple species of duckweed (preferably Lemna minor, Spirodela, Wolffiella, and Wolffia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heterocyclic compound having basicity is imidazole. The content of heterocyclic compound having basicity is 1-10 mol with respect to 1 mol of hydroxyl compound. The content of salt of alkali metal is 1-5 mol with respect to 1 mol of hydroxyl compound. EXAMPLE - 1-t-Butyl dimethyl silyloxy 2-phenyl-ethane( beta )-phenethyl alcohol (612 mg), t-butyl dimethyl fluorosilane (1.013 g), lithium acetate (511 mg), imidazole (529 mg), and Isopar G (RTM: high-purity synthetic paraffin) (10 ml) were stirred, and water (10 ml) and ethyl acetate (10 ml) were added. The resultant mixture was subjected to solid-liquid separation process, and the obtained organic layer was washed to obtain 1-t-butyl dimethyl silyloxy-2-phenyl-ethane having yield of 90.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The construction sludge is dehydrated to moisture content of 40% or less to obtain dewatering cake. The mixing ratio of waste plaster board powder is 30-40% with respect to weight of the construction sludge. The mixing ratio of cement is 7-15% with respect to weight of the primary mixture. The waste plaster board powder comprises paper component (4% or less). The cement is blast furnace cement. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves thickening and concentrating (S12) culture solution by performing centrifugation, after the culturing step and before the conversion of fat/oil. The method involves drying (S22) the culture solution containing photosynthetic microorganism, after the conversion step and before extraction step. The method further involves collecting (S32) microorganism accumulated with fats/oil and degreasing the microorganism, after the extraction process. The concentration process involves precipitating the culture solution and then concentrating the solution by centrifugation. The supernatant liquids obtained by precipitation process and centrifugation process are returned to culture tank. The step (a) involves culturing photosynthetic microorganism in culture solution with dissolved carbon dioxide level higher than atmospheric level. During culturing, the depth of the culture solution (pH 2-6) is 50 cm or less. The culture process is carried under light-shielded condition at 25-40 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oil: The detoxified oil of step (b) is further, optionally, subjected to trans-esterification with acid and alkali successively in presence of methanol, to obtain trans-esterified Argemone oil, for non-edible use, such as biodiesel. The degummed oil of step (a) comprises the compounds given in the specification (Table 1: Compounds found in degummed oil). The degummed oil of step (a) is prepared according to a process given in the specification. The degummed oil is characterized by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectroscopy (MS). The detoxified oil of step (b) comprises the compounds given in the specification (Table 2: Compounds found in detoxified oil). The detoxified oil of step (b) is prepared according to a process given in the specification, and where the detoxified oil is characterized by GC-MS. The trans-esterified oil comprises the compounds given in the specification (Table 3: Compounds found in trans-esterified oil), where the trans-esterified oil is prepared according to a process given in the specification. The trans-esterified oil is characterized by GC-MS. The detoxified oil is characterized to have specific gravity 0.904; cloud point -2 degrees C, acid value 2.044 mg NaOH/g oil, iodine value 190.35 g iodine/100 g oil, viscosity 8.266 and trans-esterified oil is characterized to have specific gravity 0.888; cloud point -1 degrees C, acid value 1.251 mg NaOH/g oil, iodine value 134.69 g iodine/100 g oil; viscosity 5.181. The yield of detoxified and trans-esterified Argemone oil in substantially pure form is within the range of 85-90%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The desulfurization chamber is set on the side wall upper end of the desulfurization agent inlet. The sulfur-smelting chamber is set on the side wall lower end of the desulfurization agent outlet. The water sealing tank is installed with a water injection valve. The desulfurizing chamber and gas-water separating chamber's outer wall is made of Q235-A steel material. The outer surface is coated with antirust and anti-corrosion coating. The horn cover is inverted cone-shaped loud hailer or composed of three metal plate welded to the inverted triangular pyramid. The gas water separating chamber is the inverted cone. The downward conical tip is equipped with ball valve. The air outlet is connected with biogas plastic soft pipe or hard pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is Glomus mosseae. The pollution degree of oil-polluted wetland is 20000 mg/kg of oil-polluted wetland.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil pollutant is diesel, gasoline, a heavy oil, a lubricating oil or petroleum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The natural stacking of the kitchen waste is done in a long stacking slot, and controlling the stack height as 1-1. Ail. In step (iv): when turning, turning into a unit layer and the thickness of each layer is controlled to at 5 cm; the turning operation holds the waste at the temperature of more than 70 degrees C for more than 20 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bio-fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): humic acid (40), livestock manure (30), zeolite powder (10), rice bran (1.3), wheat bran (1.4), strain (0.3) and auxiliary materials, comprising oil cake (10), calcium superphosphate (6), ammonium phosphate (0.3), potassium sulfate (0.21), ammonium carbonate (0.2), borax (0.07), zinc sulfate (0.07) and brown sugar (0.15). The strain is distiller's yeast or a microorganism. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite organic breeding nutrient block having reed residue and cattle manure, comprises (in wt.%/100%) dried paper mill waste reed residue (65-75%), dried cattle manure (20-35%), urea (0.4-1%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3-0.7%), straw decomposition agent (0.2-0.3%) and polyacrylamide adhesive (0.2-0.3%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The peanut fertilizer is produced by mixing (pts. wt.) animal and plant residues (10), monosodium glutamate leftovers (15), and dry livestock and poultry feces (13); crushing the mixture; adding organic fertilizer leaven (1 pt. wt.); adding water; sealing the mixture; fermenting for more than 10 days; adding deodorant (1-2 pts. wt.), stirring; removing odor; adding 46% urea; mixing; adding (pts. wt.) monoammonium phosphate (25), potassium chloride (15), calcium carbonate (5), zinc sulfate (1), ferrous sulfate (1), ammonium molybdate (1), magnesium sulfate (1), and borax (1); crushing the mixture; stirring; granulating; drying the granules; and cooling. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The wheat fertilizer is produced by mixing (pts. wt.) urea (18), diammonium phosphate (12), potassium sulfate (16), zinc oxide (1), calcium carbonate (0.5), and magnesium sulfate (0.5); crushing the mixture; adding remaining raw materials; stirring the mixture; granulating the mixture; drying the granules; and cooling. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Dosage is 20-60 kg/acre (disclosed) by any suitable route.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The special fruit tree fertilizer is produced by mixing (pts. wt.) plant straw (8), bean cake (4), lees (10), dry livestock and poultry excrement (3), dried canal mud (5), and monosodium glutamate (4); adding (pts. wt.) 46% urea (27), diammonium phosphate (12), potassium sulfate (17), zinc oxide (2), calcium carbonate (1) and magnesium sulfate (1); crushing the mixture; adding organic fertilizer (1); adding water to the mixture; stirring; sealing; fermenting for more than 10 days; adding deodorant (1 pt. wt.); stirring; removing smell; adding amino acid waste liquid (3 pts. wt.); stirring; granulating; drying obtained granules; and cooling. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method includes activating production strain in beef peptone solid culture medium by panel delineation and inoculating activated strain into beef peptone culture solution without agar at 30-37 degrees C and 200-250 rpm for 20-24 hours; inoculating obtained seed into fermentation medium at such amount that the volume ratio of seed and fermentation medium is 5-10, and aerobically fermenting at 200-300 rpm with ventilation amount of 8-10 L/minute; detecting fermentation final point by measuring maximum light absorption value at 600 nm by spectrophotometry (in which sample is diluted 10 times) or maximum strain cluster number by blood cell microscope; and spraying the fermentation solution on absorbent (preferably peat) at volume ratio of 1:4-5 at room temperature, stirring, and uniformly mixing on the carrier. The fermentation medium is sterilized at 0.1 MPa and 121 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of peat, rapeseed residue and Chrysanthemum residue is 30-40:30-50:15-35, based on dry weight. The rapeseed residue may be replaced by sasanqua residue, castor oil plant residue and cottonseed residue. Preferred Method: The fermenting agent is added at 0.5-2 pts. wt., and auxiliary fermenting agent (1-3 pts. wt.) is also added. First fermentation is performed for 8-15 days and second fermentation is performed for 6-12 days. The obtained product is granulated, sieved to remove unqualified granules, and metered and packaged. The drying temperature on kiln head of granulator is 70-75 degrees C, and the temperature at tail end is 40-50 degrees C. The large granular product is returned to the granulation step. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of molasses to bran is 1:5-1:4. The molasses is concentrated molasses after preparing sugar from betaine. The fertilizer is prepared by (A) processing composite strains, (B) performing fermentation, and (C) preparing the fertilizer. The step (A) includes processing composite strains via enrichment culture until reaching exponential phase, where inoculum concentration is 1-4%; and processing the strains in their own culture mediums via enrichment culture. The strain are Candida utilis, Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, soyabean Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum lipoferum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus and A. chroococcum. The step (B) includes fermenting C. utilis, S. lactis, L. acidophilus and B. subtilis until total bacteria number 1x reaches 109 to/mL; and mixing soyabean Bradyrhizobium, A. lipoferum, R. palustris, B. megaterium, B. mucilaginosus and A. chroococcum which are grown to exponential phase for preparing microorganism, where ratio of co-fermented substance is 40% and single culture bacteria are 10%. The step (C) includes mixing the strains processed by enrichment culture, inoculating mixed strain (4 wt.%) into liquid fermentation culture medium, fermenting and cultivating for 70 hours at 30 degrees C until pH value of fermented substance is 4.5-7.5 and beneficial bacteria amount in per L of culture medium is more than 3 billions for preparing fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The lignite comprises humus ( greater than or equal to 30%) and organic material ( greater than or equal to 40%), where grain diameter is less than 30 meshes. The vinegar residue is fresh and uncorrupted and water content is less than 80%. The sawdust is the sawdust of broad-leaved tree or coniferous tree and it is fresh and uncorrupted. The crop straw is corn straw, wheat straw, bean straw and cotton straw, with abundant dry substance. The shale is calcium shale or silicon shale with abundant trace element content. The magnesium sulfate is MgSO4.7H2O. The zinc sulfate is ZnSO4.7H2O. The borax is sodium borate decahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The adsorption carrier of microbial strains is sterilized bran, where valid viable bacteria total is not less than 5 hundreds million/g and organic material is not less than 35%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The bioresidue is fruit and vegetable residue, Asparagus leftover, Asparagus residue, kelp residue and ginkgo leaf residue. The adding ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1-5%. The chitosan oligosaccharide powder is water soluble chitosan oligosaccharide powder with 2-10% of polymerization degree. The step (A) comprises crushing and sieving bioresidue, adjusting initial water amount of material, adding inorganic salt, completely and uniformly mixing , adjusting pH, sterilizing by wet heat, cooling for future use, where crushing granularity is 20 to 40 meshes, initial water amount is 45-85%, and the initial pH is 7-7.4. The inorganic salt comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.075-0.2%), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.075-0.2), manganese sulfate hydrate (0.002%), ferrous sulfate hydrate (0.002%), zinc sulfate hydrate (0.002%), and calcium carbonate (0.5-1). The step (B) includes carrying out fermentation at 30-32 degrees C, where humidity is 85-95%, volume ratio of fermentation material to input air per minute is 1:1-1:2, and fermentation material is mixed by reciprocal rolling mixing blade. The step (C) includes inoculating seed liquid the sterile culturing material by 10-15% V/W inoculation amount; sterilizing dry or half-dry material at high temperature under high pressure, adding seed liquid cultured for 7-8 hours in sterile water, diluting, and mixing with dry or half-dry material completely. ACTIVITY - Virucide; Plant Growth Regulant; Plant Growth Stimulant; Pesticide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The raw material is obtained at 160-240 degrees C and under pressure of 0.3-0.2 MPa by vapor expansion pre-treatment. The pre-soaking process is performed using dilute acid having concentration of 0.5-5 weight/weight%. The pre-treatment process is performed for 1-15 minutes. The pre-treatment temperature is 160-240 degrees C. The detoxification strain is A.resinae strain ZN1. The strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae or other fermentation strain capable of using lignocellulosic biomass. When the first stage seed is cultured, the spore suspension eluted from a test tube is inoculated into the solid lignocellulosic biomass and the seed is cultured in solid form for 1-4 days. The time of directly inoculating the first stage seed to the pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass needed to be detoxified into solid-to-solid form is 1-7 days. The conditions for performing detoxification process of the first stage seed includes pH of the raw material to 4-6, water content to 10-90% and cultivation temperature to 20-40 degrees C. The detoxified lignocellulosic biomass directly enters the synchronous saccharification and fermentation technique. The lignocellulose is one or more of maize straw, wheat straw, rice straw, cotton straw, rape straw, sugar grass straw, sugarcane residue, bits of wood, waste paper, switchgrass and manioca seed hull.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction is used for the extraction of Typhonium giganteum anti-cancer active ingredients or sterol substances. The extract is mixed with various auxiliary materials to prepare various forms of medicine. Preferred Components: The cosolvent is ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone or methanol. The main ingredients of the extract are beta -sitosterol and campesterol. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the medicine is in the form of an injection, a capsule, a solution, a grain, an ointment, a suppository or a nanometer and directed preparation (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The greasiness in the compost is removed by subjecting compost to cold storage process using refrigerator. The method further involves mixing the product with a animal or insect repelling flavoring agent. The method involves adding granite soil in addition to red clay to the compost. The method involves coating the pellet with a natural dye, filling the coated pellets in a capsule, and sealing the capsule. ACTIVITY - Animal repellant; Insect repellant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves (i) detecting water content and temperature of each pile, mixing the pile having high water content with the pile having low water content using a forklift to adjust total water content of the mixture to less than or equal to 50 wt.%, drying the mixture to reduce the water content, spraying bacterial fermenting agent (1 kg/ton of the raw material) to the pile under 50-60 degrees C, and carrying out pre-fermentation of the mixture, (ii) adding the pre-fermented material into strip-shaped pile having width of 2.8 m and height of 1.5 m, preferably 0.8 m using the forklift, and arranging the piles manually, (iii) turning the piles through a strip stacking type turning machine, and further arranging the piles manually, (iv) turning the piles for 2-5, and measuring and recording the temperature every day at 20-30 comprises in depth, (v) turning the pile when the pile temperature reaches 65-70 degrees C, preferably 50 degrees C or is maintained in 2-3 days after turning, and (vi) spreading the strip-shaped pile in to a thin layer having thickness of 20 cm, when the stacked material temperature is more than 65 degrees C or returned pile temperature is 65 degrees C in the morning and evening and the temperature is more than 70 degrees C in the noon, and carrying out ditching process by turning and stirring mechanism. The strip-shaped pile is covered by a plastic film for preventing rain. Preferred Components: The raw material comprises (in wt.%): chicken manure (40-70, preferably 50-70) and cow dung (20-50, preferably 20-30), and auxiliary material comprises edible fungal residue (5-10), xylitol residue (5-10, preferably 5-10), and furfuryl residue (5-10). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The sugar is brown sugar, glucose or honey. The biological liquid extract of monocotyledon and dicotyledon plant enzymes is aqueous solution of plant enzymes extracted from wheat and soy plant, where content of plant enzymes is not less than 1%. The biological liquid extract of plant flavone is aqueous solution of flavone extracted from bee pollen, where the content of flavone is not less than 1%. The biological liquid extract of seaweed mineral substance is aqueous solution of mineral substance extracted from agal-agal, where the content of mineral substance is not less than 0.05%. The biological liquid extract of plant nucleic acid is aqueous solution of the nucleic acid extracted from mushroom, where the content of nucleic acid is not less than 0.5%. The biological liquid extract of plant basic polysaccharide is aqueous solution of the polysaccharide extracted from polysaccharide, where the content of polysaccharide is not less than 0.3%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Urea and water are mixed at ratio of 100:800 to prepare urea solution. EM bacteria is added with water at ratio of 1:1 five days before using for fermentation, and enzymes and rice bran are mixed at ratio of 1:10. The nitrogen source and microbial inoculum are sprayed on flattened bark three times, feed substance and bark are uniformly mixed, and the bark is piled into pile body with height of 1.5 m and volume of 10-12 m3. A wood stick is used to punch at periphery and top of each pile body, and an overshadow mesh is used for covering. When the temperature increases to 50 degrees C, mechanical pile turning is performed after maintaining for 1 week. Pile turning is performed 3-4 times, while adding urea solution once. Fermentation is performed for 50 days. After fermentation, physicochemical property and nutrient content of bark are measured. After air-drying, the Eucalyptus bark is crushed and leveled according to particle size including grain size of more than 20 mm, more than 10 mm but less than 20 mm, more than 5 mm but less than 10 mm, more than 2 but less than 5 mm, and less than 2 mm; and packed in knitted bag and stored.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer preferably comprises (wt.%) animal manure (30), straw powder or rotten soil (20-40), selenium ore powder (20-30) containing 50 ppm of selenium of 80 meshes, microorganism soil repairing agent (0.03-0.05), and zymophyte (0.02). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The amino acid plant nutrient solution is produced by extracting mycelium from the waste solution of fermented monosodium glutamate, evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing, filtering to obtain ammonium sulfate and concentrated liquor, cooling 46-52 degrees C, adding water to regulate the density to 1000-1500 (preferably 1300) kg/m3, cooling to room temperature, regulating pH to 4.2-4.7 (preferably 4.5) by adding calcium oxide, filtering the residue, fixing sulfate radical, and regulating pH to 5.5 by adding liquid ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The psychrophilic micoflora is combination of any two of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas and lactic acid Bacillus. The actinomycete microflora is combination of greater than or equal to 2 of antibiotic thermoactinomyces, Streptomyces griseus and Nocardia. The fungal microflora is combination of greater than or equal to 2 of Aspergillus niger, Geotrichum candidum and Trichoderma. Preferred Method: In the second step, a leavening agent is added in the fermentative microflora preparation. The leavening agent is combination of one or more of chaff, wheat bran, straw powder and saw dust, where mass ratio of fermentative microflora preparation and leavening agent is 1:1-1.2. The thickness of the alpine vegetable waste in each layer is 25-35 cm, and the height of stack is not greater than 1.5 m. In the third step, a layer of slurry is covered on the top of the alpine vegetable waste layer. The central temperature of stack is 37-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The production further comprises adding microelement fertilizer selected from zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, copper fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer and/or magnesium fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. mucilaginosus has a mixing ratio of 0.5-8:0.5-2.5:0.5-2.5 (preferably 4-8:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5). The total number of the viable bacteria of the mixed three strains is more than 2x 108/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adsorbing medium is turf or powdered rice hull having particle size of 80-120 mesh sieves.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The abamectin waste residue is crushed to a size of 60-80 mesh sieves. The moisture of dry abamectin waste residue is maintained at 25-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The peanut cake, sesame cake, or bean cake is crushed and screened in 1 mm. The fresh human excrement and bean cake are mixed at a ratio of 3:1.5 for 3 times or 4:2 for 4 times. The materials are stacked and covered by plastic film. Naturally retting is carried out at 20 degrees C or 40 degrees C for 30 or 60 days through 1.01 or 0.03 mm thick of polyethylene film. The materials are arranged on the hard floor with a thickness of 4 or 6 cm, and insulated for 15 or 45 days under strong sunlight. Stirring is performed each 3 or 4 days. The plant ash and black alum are mixed at a weight ratio of 9:1:1 or 10:1.5:1.5. After stirring the mixed materials for 3 or 4 minutes, the compound organic fertilizer is obtained.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plastic film is 0.1-0.3 mm polyethylene plastic film. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) collecting chicken or duck droppings by collecting fresh chicken or duck droppings and removing mix-in gravel and other hard objects of diameter greater than 0.2 cm, (b) processing peanuts by crushing peanut cakes and sieving the crushed cakes using sieve of 1-2 mm, preferably 1.5 mm or 2 mm (c) mixing the collected fresh chicken or duck droppings with the processed cakes in a weight ratio of 3:1.5 or 4:2 or 5:2.5 and turning them for 3 times or 4 times or 5 times and mixing the mixture evenly, (d) retting the mixture by piling the processed mixture, tightly sealing and covering the piled mixture using plastic film and naturally retting in the environment at 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C or 40 degrees C for 30 days or 45 days or 60 days, (e) insolating by placing the retted mixture on the hardened ground, and piling the retted mixture to form a thin layer of thickness 4 cm or 5 cm, performing insolation in strong sunshine for 15 or 30 days or 45 days, turning them for one time for every other 3 days or 4 days or 5 days and preventing damages from rain and water, (f) crushing the processed raw material processed in a crusher and sieving using sieve of 0.5 mm or 1 mm or 2 mm and (g) allocating the mixture by adding black alum powder to the processed materials in a weight ratio of 9:1 or 10:1.5 or 11:2 and stirring the mixture in a stirrer for 3 minutes or 4 minutes or 5 minutes to obtain uniform mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises (pts. wt.) chicken manure (60-71, preferably 68-71), hot pepper extract (11-21, preferably 19-21), zeolite powder (2-3.5, preferably 3-3.5), rotten agent (0.05-0.08, preferably 0.07-0.08), furfural slag (50-60, preferably 55-60), and plant powder (0.45-0.9). The hot pepper extract can be Chrysanthemum extract, peanut extract, rapeseed extract, and corn plumule extract. The rotten agent is Aspergillus oryzae. The size of the zeolite powder particle is 100-200 meshes. The plant powder is ground by corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, grain straw, sweet potato vine, broad bean straw, rape straw, weeds, or leaves. The size of the particle of the plant powder is 80-120 meshes. Preferred Method: The mixture is stacked at 1-1.2 meters. A thermometer is inserted at a depth of 0.5-0.6 meter. At 70 degrees C, a turning machine is started to turn for once. After 13-15 days, the height of the mixture is 1/3 of the initial stacking height. The mixture is fermented to prepare semi-finished products. The products are mixed with furfural slag and zeolite powder, dried until the water is 20% to prepare finished products, and stored. The semi-finished products and finished products are mixed at 40:100-45:100. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The dry bleed is a mixture of clay after crushing, agricultural waste, and gardening waste. Mixing mass ratio is 5-8:1:5-10. The solid-liquid waste mixed materials are subjected to gas exchange in flowing gas by an enforcing groove-type blowing-in system and a pipe-type induced air system. Permuted waste gas is transmitted to a deodorant system. Thickness of the solid-liquid waste mixed materials in the fermentation tank is 60-100 cm. Stacking width of solid-liquid waste mixed materials is 1.5-2 m. Height is 0.5-1 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The mineral mixture is clay, medical stone powder, diatomite powder, volcanic powder, pearlstone powder, zeolite powder, palygorskite powder, sepiolite powder, silica powder, serpentine powder, and/or vermiculite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The special solid biological microbial inoculum is formed by inoculating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) compound microbial inoculum into fermented chicken manure; forming special solid biological microbial inoculum with viable count of 0.3-0.5 hundreds million per gram and water content of 20-30%. The PGPR compound microbial inoculum is formed by formulating using (pts.wt.) microorganism microbial inoculum special for fruit tree (50-70) and microorganism microbial inoculum special for root (30-50). The straw fermenting material is formed by mixing (pts.wt.) corn straw (70-85) and sludge (15-30); regulating carbon/nitrogen value at 252-28 using urea; adding special compost microbial inoculum; regulating water content at 55-65%; adjusting pH at 7.0-7.5; uniformly mixing; piling; downward drilling from top to form 5-10 opened holes; performing aerobic fermentation; heating pile at 50 degrees C and turning pile every other two days for once; finishing fermentation process, air-drying material until water content is 15-20% to obtain straw fermenting material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The Puyuan fermenting agent for organic fertilizer is added. About 3000-5000 g of fermentation bacterial agent is added to every ton of mixture to ferment at 50-60 degrees C until compost. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The solid leavening comprises rotten waste produced in life of mankind and animals, rotten waste produced in seafood, vegetables and dried product markets, waste produced in agriculture and industry, and/or root, stem and leaves of plants. The soil comprises farmland soil, river mud, or sea mud. The liquid leavening comprises waste liquid without heavy metal produced in production and life of people and urine produced by people and livestock. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The content of organic material content is 50-70%. The materials for production include apple residue (10-25%), oil shale powder (30-50%), chicken manure (10-15%), horse sheep manure (5-30%), and calcium superphosphate (5%). The fermenting agent is prepared by preparing slant surface strain, preparing eggplant bottle strain, amplified culturing the seed, amplified culturing the fermenting pool.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The slant surface strain includes Bacillus subtilis, Candida lipolytica, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae 30163 or IFFI 20225, Bacillus stearothermophilus, or thermophilic Sporotrichum. The preparation of functional strain solution includes preparing slant surface strain, preparing eggplant bottle strain, amplified culturing the seed, amplified culturing the fermenting pool. The slant surface strain of functional strain solution includes Bacillus mucilaginosus (Accc10013); Bacillus megaterium (Accc10011), Bacillus chitinolyticus, bacillus subtilis (10088), or Bacillus cereus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The wt. ratio of wheat straw to ammonium bicarbonate, phosphatic fertilizer and urea is 20:2:1. Preferred Method: The method includes adding 2-3% of control release preparation in the pelleting process; and adding 2% of control release preparation in pelleting process. The external temperature is 25 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves injecting the dehydrating liquid into liquid fertilizer tank. The method (M1) further involves dehydrating the food waste mixed with microorganism. The method (M1) involves packaging and sealing the obtained fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The garbage is partial or integral waste plant bodies generated due to composite planting during installation agriculture production process. The installation agriculture garbage can be plant residue rest in waste or sale process during recovery process of plant like vegetable or flower, including residual part with low economic value after the vegetable or the flower is harvested, plant body part without being lignified like partial aquatic plant and weed beyond vegetable or flower. The installation agriculture garbage collected in preparing step at least comprises cucumber seedling, tomato seedling, Chinese cabbage leaves and watermelon seedling. The collected installation agriculture garbage is poured in anaerobic fermentation tank. The middle-temperature fermentation technique is utilized. The completely corroded fresh installation agriculture garbage fermentation residue (namely biogas residue) with pH value of 7-7.5 is selected after 30 days anaerobic fermentation. The obtained residue is placed on ground and is dried naturally to preserve for the future use. The fermentation residue is simply dried and is directly applied to the field. During machining process, the water content of installation agriculture garbage is less than 18% using drying method. A cutting machine is used for crushing and cutting biogas residue so that biogas residue is changed to particles with grain diameters less than 0.5 cm. The obtained product is uniformly mixed with the other materials like wheat bran, bean cake powder, or light calcium carbonate. Water is added to uniformly blend according to material and water mass ratio of 1:1.5 ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fermentation is carried out in room temperature, where fermentation temperature is not greater than 40 degrees C. The fermentation time is 10-25 days, where feed includes (wt.%): plant oil feed (50-60), plant ash (30-40) and ammonium bicarbonate (10-20) after extracting neutral oil. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic nutrient comprises (wt.%) nitrogen (9), phosphorus (12) and potassium (10-11).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant straw is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, soy bean straw, or corn straw. The organic matter is one or more of humic acid, wormcast, oil residue and bean cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The promoting material is chosen from sodium-based material, a potassium-based material, a barium-based material, a magnesium-based material, and an aluminum metal-based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The straw rotten agent comprises (billion/g) B. subtilis (1.5), B. licheniformis (0.2), S. thermophile (0.02), T. koningii (0.02), and P. chrysosporium (0.02).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method: the organic matter does not undergo a particle size reduction process prior to forming the pile; and the pile is formed within an enclosure that surrounds a bottom portion of the pile. The method further comprises: providing a biofilter in fluid communication with the compost pipes, where the air and fluid withdrawn from the pile into the compost pipes is transported to the biofilter; and taking a sample of the organic matter with the spike in order to analyze a lower portion of the pile. Preferred Components: The pile is formed with a height of at least 20 feet. The pile has a density of no greater than 850 pounds/cubic yard, preferably 650-850 pounds/cubic yard with a minimum porosity of 45 vol.%. The oversized particles include brush, branches, small stumps, dimensional wood, pallets and/or crating. The compost pipes are placed: on top of the surface; or within channels formed in the surface. The aerated static pile composting system further comprises a compost surface within the compost enclosure. The spike further includes a sampling corbel on a side of the spike near its end.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic matter includes high-carbon amendments of at least 95% carbon, where the high-carbon amendments include cedar bark, wood, sawdust and/or paper. The organic and particulate layer includes at least one of compost, bark, wood ash, sawdust, or wood chips. The organic and particulate layer is at least six inches thick. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Sludge is obtained from factory sludge and waste material of paper manufacturing factory or breeding industry. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    ADMINISTRATION - The bio-sludge organic fertilizer with double-layer structure is applied two days before planting the nutrient bag breeds or directly spreading the organic fertilizer particles on plant root soil (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Residual components include tree debris, shredded shrub, sewage treatment plant material and litter and ashes from biomass combustion, where litter is optionally replaced with glass. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - The example illustrates the preparation of the compost. All components were mixed in a bucket, where components were 30% of litter, 10% of wastewater treatment plant sludge, 50% of pruning and 10% of biomass burning ash. All components were utilized to make a stack of 16m length, 2m height and 2.5m width from its base. The initial material was incubated on a bed with free ventilation, temperature and humidity environment. The humidity was maintained to 50-60%. The stack was kept for 40 days. Electrode was utilized for measuring solid sample, where direct measurement was performed weekly according to variation of pH of the batteries. Redox potential (Eh) was performed on the surface of the stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The extrusion die cartridge is installed at the discharge side of the cylinder. The hopper is connected with cylinder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw includes (in wt.%) cornstalk (62-65), sorghum stalk (10), bean stalk (10) and wheat stalk (15-18). The flour includes corn flour (50-70%) and bean powder (30-50%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the composition: glycerin is present at 40-95 wt.%; and water and alcohol are each present at 0.1-35 wt.%. Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol or a glycol (propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol). The composition has a: kinematic viscosity below 20 centistokes at 40 degrees C; flash point at 37 degrees C or 37-60 degrees C, or at 60 degrees C or 60-93 degrees C or above 99 degrees C; and pour point of below 17 degrees C or at -24 degrees C. The liquid fuel is diesel, biodiesel, gasoline, pyrolysis oil, vegetable oil, oil from animal fat, synthetic oil, non-synthetic oil, or waste oil. The biofuel composition is present at 1-99 wt.% to the total weight of the biofuel. Preferred Method: The mixing step comprises mixing the components together in any sequence to yield a solution, which is the biofuel composition. The method further comprises the step of pre-heating the glycerin prior to the mixing step. EXAMPLE - Typical biofuel composition comprised (in wt.%) of: glycerin (70); water (20); and propylene glycol (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The organic waste process recycling system has air supply unit (10-12) for supplying air for methane gas combustion in boiler, electric power generation unit (18) for producing electric power using water vapor or methane gas, unit for supplying bubbling process liquid, bubbling apparatus (9), deodorizing apparatus (24) for deodorizing, ventilation unit (23) for supplying air to deodorizing apparatus, unit for supplying deodorizing liquid to methane fermentation unit, gas engine generator, and power supply. The hydrolysis apparatus is provided in airtight area (30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystalline porous silicoaluminophosphate catalyst is a molecular sieve having a unidimensional channel pore structure. The chemical composition of the silicoaluminophosphate catalyst is represented by the formula ((Si)x-(Al)y(P)z)O2.either x-z = mole fractions of silicon, aluminum or phosphorus (preferably x is 0.01-0.98, y is 0.01-0.60, and z is 0.01-0.52); andx+y+z = one.The silicon content of the silicoaluminophosphate catalyst is at least 2 wt.%. The crystalline framework of the catalyst is silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-11 or SAPO-34.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid ester molecules have 10-24C. The fatty acid ester in the starting material is linear, and at least one of the products comprises a fatty acid ester having at least one alkyl side chain bonded to a carbon on the R group. The alkyl side chain contains 1-4C. The fatty acid ester in the starting material contains at least one pair of conjugated double bonds, which is converted to a pair of unconjugated double bonds in a reaction product. Preferred Process: The step (a) is carried out at a temperature no greater than 350 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The pH of the to-be-processed water is set to 7.3-8.5 within the reaction tank. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the to-be-processed water is less than -150 mV. The to-be-processed water has soluble nitrogen concentration of 50 mg/l or less. Preferred Method: The method involves regulating support injection-in rate such that inflow soluble nitrogen load becomes 2.5-11.5, preferably 4-55 g/m2/day. The method involves measuring concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen of the to-be-processed water which flows out of the reaction tank, and adjusting the amount of aeration in the reaction tank. The method involves subjecting the to-be-processed water to denitrification using anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction without using an activated sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The facility further includes a separation unit between the Fischer-Tropsch unit and the catalytic dehydrogenation unit to separate the hydrocarbon product stream into 1-4C hydrocarbons and C5+ hydrocarbons.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes recycling some of the carbon nanotubes produced by catalytic dehydrogenation as the starting material and adding the hydrogen produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of the 1-4C hydrocarbons to the syngas prior to FTS. The method further includes producing a syngas with a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 0.8-1.0 during the gasifying step. The syngas is subjected to temperatures of 200-300 degrees C in the presence of a FTS catalyst. The separating step is accomplished by performing distillation. The catalytic dehydrogenation includes passing the 1-4C hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising an austenitic iron (Fe)-metal (M) alloy derived from a binary metal-ferrihydrite structure comprising iron and a secondary element M comprising nickel, molybdenum palladium and/or manganese. The method further comprises depositing the catalyst on an oxide support substrate by an incipient wetness, where the iron and the secondary metal M are present at 2-3 parts and 1 part M and are included at a ratio of 5-20% by wt. with respect to the oxide support substrate. The method includes reducing the Fe-M catalysts in their active state, either in hydrogen or syngas to an austenitic metal alloy. Preferred Components: The starting material comprises coal (80-90 wt.%), biomass (80-90 wt.%) and carbon nanotubes (10-20 wt.%). The biomass comprises wood wastes, agricultural wastes and switchgrass. The carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism comprises a brown rot fungus and one or more bacteria. The fungus comprises a white rot fungus. The fungus comprises Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Phlebia tremellosa or Scytinostroma galactinium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method at least 5 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% of the lignin is degraded. The method further comprises: sterilizing the lignocellulosic material prior to application of the microorganism; and hydrolyzing the cellulose with one or more cellulases to produce monomeric sugars. The lignin is selectively degraded with the fungus. Preferred Components: The average chain length of the hydrolyzed cellulose is less than 1000 (preferably 100-400). The fungus is applied to the lignocellulosic material prior to application of the microorganism. The fermentable sugars comprise a hexose and/or pentose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The process involves adding the target object to the microbial bed and allowing it to stand still. The volume ratio of microbial bed and target object is 10:1-60:1. The target object is divided several times and added to microbial bed and mixed every one to several days. During decomposition mixture comprising microbial bed and the target object has moisture content of 50-70 wt.%, temperature (measured at a depth of 30 cm from the surface of microbial bed) of 25-75 degrees C, and pH of 5.5-9. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is B.coagulans, B.licheniformis and/or U.suwonensis or its related species and/or B.thermoruber. The microbial bed further comprises Pelotomaculum and/or Tepidimicrobium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is in an oxidized state.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (I) further comprises: cooling gas products obtained by cracking the raw material with a condenser system to fraction into liquid and gas; and fractioning the gas products into light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil and gas. In the process (I), the pyrolysis is performed at 10 or minutes to 4 hours. In the process (II), the pyrolysis of the plastic waste material is performed at 300-500 degrees C. The duration of the cracking of the raw material with the dolomite catalyst is 10 minutes to 5 hours. Preferred Components: The raw material contains natural fat. The weight ratio between the vegetable oil and natural fat is 1-1. The weight ratio of the vegetable oil or natural fat is 0-100 wt.% in relation to a residual hydrocarbon oil. The residual hydrocarbon oil obtained in the pyrolysis step has a heavy oil content of 80-95%    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic waste material is at least one of polyethylene, polystyrene or polypropylene. EXAMPLE - The catalyst was prepared by calcining natural ore dolomite (400 g) at 900 degrees C for 6 hours. The calcined dolomite (20 g) was put in a stainless steel slurry reactor, and blended with palm oil (20 g). The reactor was heated to the reaction temperatures of 380-450 degrees C. The result of catalytic cracking of the palm oil was compared at 380-450 degrees C. The reaction was conducted for 3 hours, after which the agitation was turned off, while the nitrogen was flowed for another hour at 15 ml/minute to remove the remaining products. The gas products exiting the reactor were further cooled with a condenser system, and then fractioned into liquid and gas to give the liquid hydrocarbon product (34.9-49.1 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is an algal biomass (preferably microalgal biomass).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkylation reagent is selected from tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and (meta-trifluoro-methylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (preferably tetramethylammonium hydroxide). The methlylated glycerol-related products are at least one of 1,2,3-trimethoxy-propane (TMP), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-propanol (DMP) and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol (MEE). Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves: separating the biodiesel from the methylated glycerol-related products. The temperature is 250-500 degrees C and the pressure is atmospheric. The microalgal biomass is dried or partially dried prior to reacting. At least one by-product of the processed alkylation reagent is converted and recycled as the alkylation reagent. The trimethyl amine by-product of the processed tetramethylammonium hydroxide is converted and recycled as the alkylation reagent. The oxygen free environment comprises oxygen ( less than or equal to 1%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrient solution contains phosphate, nitrate and/or sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises plants of Lemnaceae family, Spirodela, Eichhornia or algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The boron is added in an amount of: 0.05-0.1 mg per liter of water, for hot coking process; and 0.1-0.5 mg per liter of water, for synthesis gas fermentation process. The biomass is obtained from aquatic plants, which are cultivated in a closed bioreactor with tanks arranged on several floors, and is fed with mine water of a mine, where the harvested biomass is fed to the synthesis gas process, from which electrical energy is obtained in an energy conversion process for operating pumps, which pumps the mine water from the mine to the top. The carbon dioxide accumulating in the process is fed back to the bioreactor as growth promoting raw material. The amount of pure carbon obtained in the hot coking process is backfilled into the mine. The amount of pure carbon obtained during the hot coking process is converted into activated carbon. The produced biomass is supplied to a process for producing biogas, synthesis gas and/or bioethanol, such that the residues and the carbon dioxide containing flue gases are driven materially from these processes in a circulation, where the residues and the carbon dioxide containing flue gases are recycled again as nutrients to the biomass producing devices, preferably aquaculture. A nitrogen discharge process comprising synthesis gas production with the production of gaseous nitrogen is operated at least partially parallel to the biogas production process, for concentrating the nitrogen in the material circulation process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting 4,4'-bis-chloromethyl-biphenyl with 2 molecules of phenyl compound of formula (A) in the presence of Lewis acid. Preferred Components: (I) is present at 0.05-20 ppm. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds (I) are disclosed i.e. 4,4'-bis(2,5-dimethylbenzyl)-1,1'-biphenyl of formula (Ia) and 4,4'-bis(4-methylbenzyl)-1,1'-biphenyl.    EXAMPLE - Flask (100 ml) was charged with 4,4~-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1~-biphenyl (1 g) and p-xylene (25 ml) to form clear solution. The obtained clear solution was stirred at room temperature and then added titanium tetrachloride (6 drops) and the mixture instantly became dark brown. After stirring overnight at room temperature, ethanol (2 ml) was added to kill the catalyst, and the mixture became a light, cream colored suspension. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness under vacuum on a rotary evaporator to form 4,4~-bis(2,5-dimethylbenzyl)-1,1~-biphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In marking the petroleum hydrocarbon, biodiesel fuel or ethanol fuel, the R4 is hydrogen and R3 is methyl or hydrogen, preferably hydrogen. The R1 and R2 independently represent at least one substituent selected from hydrogen, 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkoxy and nitro. Each compound of formula (I) is present at a level of 0.05-20 ppm. At least one of R1 and R2 represents a substituent other than hydrogen; or at least one substituent selected from hydrogen, 1-2C alkyl, 1-2C alkoxy and nitro. Each compound of formula (I) is present at a level of 0.1-10 ppm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameters: Processing capacity of the anaerobic bioreactor is 10-500 kg of organic wastes per day. Preferred Processes: An aqueous alkali solution is supplied in the bioreactor to react with carbon dioxide and produce bicarbonate or carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the reaction process is 4.1-4.2. The method further involves recovering hydrogen which is remained after the reaction process, and returning the recovered hydrogen (as a raw material) to the reaction process. The method further involves purifying the generated gas by separating water from the generated gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the apparatus, a portion of the surface of each of the pin electrodes in the vicinity of the first end of it, is coated with diamond film comprising a boron doped diamond film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: In the catalyst, the catalytic material comprises a member selected from calcined rocks, zeolites, iron ores, alkali metals, and transition metals. It comprises nickel oxide (NiO). The char comprises a member selected from coal char, biomass pyrolysis char, biomass gasification char, and biomass hydrothermal conversion (liquefaction) char. The catalytic material has a particle size less than the particle size of the char. It comprises between about 0.01 to about 30% by weight of the catalyst. Catalytic material has a particle size of less than 1 mm. Char has a particle size of less than 25 mm. Catalyst is in the form of a pellet having a pellet size of between about 5 mm to about 5 cm. It is produced by dry mixing the particle of catalytic material with the char particles. Catalyst is produced without impregnating the char with the catalytic material, and without calcination. It is substantially free of alumina. Preferred Method: In removing tars from syngas stream, contacting step results in the increase of at least one of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide levels in the syngas-containing stream. Contacting step occurs at a temperature of between about 600 to about 900 degrees C. In producing catalyst, mechanically mixing the catalytic material and char occurs as a dry mixing step. The method does not include a step of impregnating the char with the catalytic material, nor does the method include a step of calcining the catalyst. The method further comprises pelletizing the catalyst. Preferred System: In the system, the reactor vessel operates at a temperature of between about 600 to about 900 degrees C. The source of syngas is a biomass gasification unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The Spirodela growth system comprises liquid accommodating unit comprising soil, and Spirodela and liquid accommodated in the unit. Preferred Method: The culture solution acquisition process involves subjecting the organic waste liquid to anaerobic fermentation process, collecting methane gas released during the anaerobic fermentation process, subjecting to aerobic fermentation process, and obtaining culture solution from the organic waste liquid, where the anaerobic and aerobic fermentation processes are performed repeatedly. In the second culturing process, the amount of culture solution added is reduced by 1/10 or less of the addition amount in the first culturing process, and the Spirodela is cultured for 5 days or more. The collection process involves collecting the cultured Spirodela which settled in the Spirodela growth system. The method further involves subjecting the collected Spirodela to saccharification process, obtaining saccharification liquid, subjecting the obtained liquid to fermentation, obtaining fermented liquor, refining the liquor and obtaining residues. The method also involves removal of one or more of fish, reptile, amphibian, arthropod, water hyacinth, Salvinia natans and S.auriculata. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The photocatalytic layer comprises titanium dioxide, tungsten oxide, cadmium sulfide, strontium titanium oxide, and molybdenum disulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The waste sorting machine comprises a box body, which is set on one side of the outward movable feeding hopper and with a vibration sieve, a heavy separating plate, a discharging channel and a heavy separating chamber. The vibration sieve is inclined, where one is set below the movable feeding hopper and the other end of the box body is provided with a baffle. The discharging passage is located below the vibration sieve. The heavy separating chamber is provided with a supporting plate and a clapboard. The clapboard is set on the sliding plate. The heavy separating plate is separated by the middle of a fulcrum plate fixed on the supporting plate. The heavy separating plate with one end of the spring is connected to the support plate and the other end of heavy separating plate is connected with a discharging channel on the clapboard. The anaerobic aerobic bioreactor comprises a top cover and a cylinder. The middle of the top cover is provided with a feeding port. The cylinder is provided with a gas layer, a sand layer, a waste layer, a gravel layer and a porous supporting plate from top to bottom. The porous supporting plate is set under the aeration pipe. The cylinder body is equipped with a discharging port. The top cover is cone-shaped. The bottom of the cylinder body is conical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The low heat value of the straw gas is 15-20 MJ/m3. The content of the tar and dust is 5-10 mg/m3 and the content of the oxygen volume is less than 0.8% and the content of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and naphthalene content is 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline of the alkali liquid in the gas-liquid separation is weak alkaline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The agricultural microorganism preparation is Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, soil belonging Bacillus and/or Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic cultivation soil is eluviated soil, mountain soil, iron oxide, semi-eluviated soil, calcium layer soil, calcium brown soil, ash calcium soil and/or soil initial breeding soil. The waste biological organic matter is livestock excrement, straw, fungus stick, rice chaff, pruned leaves and/or oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture solution for yeast and B. subtilis is prepared by mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and B. subtills at pts. vol. of 1:1, inoculating on culture medium, and cultivating for 48-72 hours at anaerobic state and 30 degrees C, where culture medium comprises (mL): corn starch (20), yeast extract (15), bean pulp (20), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) (5) and distilled water (1000) (pH is 6.5-7). The culture solution for Actinomyces is prepared by cultivating Actinomyces humiferus for 48-60 hours at 25-40 degrees C, where culture medium is flour (60 mL) and distilled water (1000 mL) (pH is 7). The Azotobacter culture solution is prepared by cultivating Azotobacter vinelandi for 48-72 hours at 25-40 degrees C at aerobic state, where culture medium comprises (mL): potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2), sodium chloride (0.2), calcium carbonate (5), C6H14O6 (10), calcium sulfate dihydrate (0.1) and water (1000) (pH is 6.8-7). The culture solution for Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium and Paenibacillus polymyxa is prepared by mixing B. mucilaginosus, B. megaterium and P. polymyxa at ratio of 1:1:1, and performing fermentation for 20-40 hours at aerobic state at 25-30 degrees C, where culture medium comprises (mL) peptone (5), beef extract (3), coil extracting solution (250) and the distilled water (750) (pH is 7). The coil extracting solution is filtrate by adding 1000 mL of distilled water into 400 g of soil and boiling for 1 hour. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume fraction of carbide in gas including hydrogen is 0.01-0.1%. The purge gas combined by carbinol is 10-100% of the circulating gas quality.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The soft strips have length of 2 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The yeast is active dry yeast. Preferred Composition: The content of dilute sulfuric acid is 0.2-0.3 %mass. Preferred Method: The hydrolysis is performed at 28-30 degrees C for 64-72 minutes. The molecular sieve sieves alcohol fuel from distilled alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation step in method (M1) is performed at 30-40 degrees C and 180-220 rpm under pH value of 7-7.4 for 20-30 hours. The PBS (0.01 mol/l) is prepared by weighing (in g) sodium chloride (NaCl) (8), potassium chloride (KCl) (0.2), disodium hydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) (1.44) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (0.24), and dissolving the components in distilled water (800 ml), adjusting pH value of the mixture to 7.5 using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and adding distilled water to column to 1000 ml. The culturing medium containing carbon source comprises (in g): carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC2Na) (18-22), tryptone (1.5-2.5), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) (1.5-2.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) (0.2-0.4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (3-5), and distilled water (1000 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves placing non-softened persimmon on lower portion of the box, adding softened persimmon on upper portion of the box, stacking the box in a sealed room, and adding gaseous ethylene (0.1%) to the stacked box. The step (b) involves pulverizing 90% of softened and non-astringent persimmons in a pulping machine to obtain pulverized product (P1), soaking and sterilizing the 10% of softened and non-astringent persimmons in potassium permanganate solution (0.05) for 20 minutes, draining the potassium permanganate solution, and pulverizing the sterilized persimmons pulverized product (P2). The step (d) involves passing the pulverized product (P2) to a yeast multiplication tank, adding pulverized product (P1) to the primary tank, and further adding Aspergillus niger (10%) to the activated yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid is citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline catalyst is made of one among alkali metal or carbonate of alkaline earth metal, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The rotting process is carried out at a controlled temperature. The temperature of the raw material mixture is measured during the rotting, and the rotting process, after a self-heating of the raw material mixture as a result of the biological conversion at a temperature of greater than 50 degrees C, preferably greater than 60 degrees C to 65 degrees C, and subsequent decay at a temperature of less than 45 degrees C, preferably more than 40 degrees C, are completed. The rotting process is carried out so that the water content of the partially rotten raw material mixture amounts to less than 30 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 25 wt.%. The rotting process of the raw material mixture takes place in a packed bed, which is open towards the surroundings. The raw material mixture before the rotting process and/or partially rotted material mixture is broken into at least one crushing process, and separated into a coarse fraction (10) and a fine fraction in at least one subsequent screening process, where the particle size of the fine fraction amounts to less than 30 mm, preferably less than 25 mm. The coarse fraction in at least one drying process, is dried to a water content of less than 15 wt.%, preferably less than about 10 wt.%. The coarse fraction after the drying process is crushed to a particle size of less than 15 mm, preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, in at least one further crushing process, and subsequently briquetted. The briquetting is carried out without binder. Preferred Components: The amount of the fine material in the raw material mixture amounts to 20-40 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH of the sugar liquid during the fermentation is 6.4-7. The pH of the sugar liquid is maintained by adding alkaline compound to the sugar liquid and neutralizing the sugar liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline compound is chosen from aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrate and calcium hydroxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The combustion furnace is cement kiln (2), refuse incinerator or plate-type exchanger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition has a pH of 1.2-2 at 25 degrees C. The composition consists of a lignocellulosic feedstock, formic acid, and water. Preferred Process: The mixture of step a) has an initial pH of 1.2-2 at 25 degrees C. The portion of the formic acid employed in the aqueous acid solution is produced in a method by acid hydrolyzing at least one carbohydrate, pyrolyzing glucose, and oxidizing at least one monosaccharide. The mixture is hydrolyzed at 75-225 (preferably 125-175) degrees C for 30-3 (preferably 45-2) hours. The process further involves: converting at least a portion of water-soluble oligosaccharides to monosaccharides; conducting an enzymatic hydrolysis on at least a portion of the product to form an enzymatic hydrolysis product; removing at least a portion of any solids from the product prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermenting at least a portion of the enzymatic hydrolysis product or a suitable derivative under suitable conditions to form ethanol and/or butanol. Preferred Components: The acid comprises formic acid (at least 95 wt.%); mineral acid (less than 15 wt.%); and aqueous phase (4-20 wt.%). The portion of the formic acid employed in the aqueous acid solution is produced from a renewable biomass feedstock. The volume/weight ratio of aqueous acid solution to feedstock is 5-15 at 25 degrees C. The lignocellulosic feedstock is selected from sawmill discards, paper mill discards, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, and/or switchgrass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Recombinant Methods: The polypeptide (P1) and the nucleic acid (N1) are prepared by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Compounds: The nucleic acid (N1) comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from; a nucleic acid sequence having 683 base pairs as given in the specification (SEQ ID NO:44), a nucleic acid sequence having 1179 base pairs as given in the specification (SEQ ID NO:74), a nucleic acid sequence having 1251 base pairs as given in the specification (SEQ ID NO:75), a nucleic acid sequence having 490 base pairs as given in the specification (SEQ ID NO:76), or their fragments (preferably the nucleic acid sequence having the (SEQ ID NO:44), (SEQ ID NO:76), or their fragments). The polypeptide (P1) comprises the amino acid sequence of (SEQ ID NO:41), (SEQ ID NO:73) or their functional fragments. Preferred Organisms: The organism (B1) is a microorganism, preferably a microalga or a bacterium (preferably selected from: Escherichia coli, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pichia). Preferred Method: In the method (M1): the triterpenoid hydrocarbon is botryococcene and the conditions involve supplementing the recombinant organism with NADPH or NADH; or the triterpenoid hydrocarbon is dehydrobotryococcene and the conditions involve not supplementing the recombinant organism with, or minimizing the concentration of NADPH or NADH. The triterpenoid hydrocarbon is produced from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and/or presqualene pyrophosphate (PSPP). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given.Preferred Enzyme: The temperature for producing lipase is 0-30 degrees C. The lipase has amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The proteins are keratin, silk fibroin, silk sericin, collagen, hyaluronic acid, ceramide, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, sesame-lignan glycoside, lecithin, egg-shell membrane, trehalose, mucin, fibronectin, gelatin, fibrin, elastin, entactin, proteoglycan, vitronectin, laminin, cysteine, and cystine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl-containing aromatic compound is chosen from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, syringaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy-( alpha )-hydroxybenzene methyl acetate, or preferably salicylic acid, vanillin, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid and their salts. The culture medium is minimal salt medium culture medium containing lignin, culture medium containing glycerol or culture medium containing ammonium sulfate. Preferred Parameters: The culture pH is 6-9 and culture temperature is 24-30 degrees C. The culture day is 3-10 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic catalyst is sulfuric acid and/or hydrochloric acid. The basic catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and/or potassium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The kernels of Jatropha curcas is pulverized into powder prior to the extracting step. The extracting step is conducted at a temperature near to boiling point of the organic solvent used. The reacting step is conducted at 50-60 degrees C. Preferred Components: The powder has particle size of 0.5-1 mm. The organic solvent is hexane, petroleum ether and/or methanol. The first alcohol is methanol and/or butanol. The reacted oil has less than 1 wt.% of free fatty acid. The second alcohol is methanol and/or butanol. The second alcohol and the reacted oil are in a ratio of 4-7:1-2. EXAMPLE - Jatropha curcas seeds were cracked, and the shells were carefully removed. The kernels were grinded with a sieve plate and shaker grinder. Grinded meal (20 g) was extracted with n-hexane solvent at 45-60 degrees C and petroleum ether solvent. The obtained micelle was filtered using a vacuum filtration to remove suspended solids. The solvent was separated from the oil using rotary vacuum evaporator. The oil was weighed after the process was completed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersing mesh is titanium mesh, nickel mesh, or titanium-nickel alloy material. The front-end electrode plate, rear-end electrode plate, and middle electrode plate are titanium electrode plates. The surfaces of front-end electrode plate, rear-end electrode plate, middle electrode plate, and dispersing mesh are plated with layer of molybdenum, gold, or molybdenum-gold alloys of 100-100 microns thick. The film electrode adopts proton exchange film as solid electrolyte, such that two faces of proton exchange film are deposited with pure platinum, catalyst having platinum, platinum-iridium alloy, or platinum black-platinum iridium black as positive electrode and negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The cystine waste fluid comprises cystine first mother liquor, cystine second mother liquor, cystine third mother liquor and leucine settled mother liquor or mixed waste fluid, in which the amino acid is 5-20%, the ammonium chloride is 5-20%, the organic material content of peptide protein is 0.2-5%, and moisture content is 80-90%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and blended fertilizer, which can be purchased on market. The organic matter is substances comprising organic matter including fermented poultry manure; organic matter recycled from waste liquid in amino acid industry comprising (%) organic matter (20-50), nitrogen (16), potassium oxide (2) and amino acid (remainder); or humic acid including turf, coal humic acid, nitro humic acid, sulfonated humic acid and ammonified humic acid and cake and dregs of processing by products of subsidiary agricultural products.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The compound bio fungicide comprises recorded nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rare-earth element can be rare earth chloride, rare earth nitric acid, and/or rare earth amino acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The synergistic agent comprises betaine, NAM, methyl methacrylate, and/or polyaspartic acid salt, in which cation can be iron, manganese, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, rare-earth element or ammonia. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The construction of bacteria comprises using completely synthetic Aspergillus nidulans pel gene for structuring the engineered bacteria of Escherichia coli for secreting and expressing Pel pectinase, cloning the pel sequence obtained in step (i) with pET-20b(+) to obtain restructured expression plasmid pel/pET-20b(+), transforming the restructured expression plasmid pel/pET-20b(+)to Escherichia coli BL 21 (DE3) to obtain restructured Escherichia coli pel/pET-20b(+)/Escherichia coli BL 21 (DE3), naming as Escherichia coli pel. Preferred Method: The alkaline pectic acid lyase is produced by (i) inoculating the genetically engineered bacteria to a seed culture medium, culturing for 8 hours at 37 degrees C and a rotating speed of the shaking bed of 200 rotation/minute; (ii) inoculating the seed after culturing to a fermentation medium, where the culturing condition is as follows the temperature is 37 degrees C, the rotating speed is 200 rotation/minute; when the bacteria OD600 reaches to 0.8, adding an inducer to the medium and fermenting for 2-4 hours. Preferred Components: The alkaline pectic acid lyase gene is from Aspergillus nidulans and has a nucleic acid sequence having fully defined 936 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 1) as given in the specification. The vector is a pET system. The seed culture medium comprises (based on g/1000 ml) 10 parts of peptone, 5 parts of yeast extract, 10 parts of sodium chloride, 0.05 part of penicillin. The pH of the medium is 7. The fermentation medium comprises (based on g/1000 ml) 10 parts of peptone, 5 parts of yeast extract, 5 parts of glucose, 10 parts of sodium chloride and 0.05 part of penicillin. The inducer comprises 20 mM of calcium chloride, 0.1% of glycine, 0.1% of triton X-100, 1 mM of isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside or 5 g of milk sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrient-coated microsphere is prepared by suspending oil phase of methyl acrylate comprising nutrients (30-50%), divinyl benzene (0.6-1.5%) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) (0.6-1.5%) in an aqueous phase comprising sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (0.5-1.5%) and gelatin (0.3-1.0%) at 35-45 degrees C such that the volume ratio of oil phase to aqueous water phase is 1:2-4, emulsifying the solution ultrasonically, heating the solution at 55-65 degrees C at a rate of 4-7 degrees C/10 minutes for 1.5-2.5 hours to polymerize, and heating the solution at 85 degrees C at the same rate to polymerize for 7-10 hours to obtain a nutrient microsphere of 50-100 nm. The nutrients are carbon source, nitrogen source and phosphorus source required for growth of bacteria. The carbon source is one or more of sugar, glucose and molasses. The nitrogen source is one or more of peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, urea, and ammonia salt. The phosphorus source is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Preferred Method: The construction of water injection well is performed 3-4 times every year at intervals of 2-3 months for injecting nutrients into the substrate together with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quality content of organic substance in the evaporated and condensed waste liquid of yeast is not less than 55%. The quality content of water is not greater than 45%. The quality content of nitrogen is not less than 5%. The quality content of phosphorus is not less than 0.5%. The quality content of potassium is not less than 10%. The quality content of chloride is not greater than 3.5%. The volume of the waste liquid of yeast fermented naturally in the warming and stirring tank of step (c) is 50-60% that of the warming and stirring tank. The mineral humic acid is pulverized mineral humic acid. The urea is pulverized urea. The amount of monopotassium phosphate in the step (c) is 10% of the quality of the water-soluble fertilizer. The amount of mineral humic acid in the step (d) is 9% of the quality of the water-soluble fertilizer. The amount of urea in the step (e) is 20% of the quality of the water-soluble fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is feed-grade zeolite or food-grade zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Chlorella is C.sorokiniana, C.vulgaris, C.protothecoides, C.kessleri, C.luteoviridis, C.sphaerica, C.pyrenoidosa or C.salina. The Botryococcus is B.sudeticus or B.braunii.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The organic waste resource includes sewage sludge, sludge of purified water, discharged water, industrial wastewater and livestock wastewater. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biochemical crude oil further comprises (%) additive (0-15, preferably 0.1-15) comprising butanol, acetone, hydrogen, coke, zeolite, waste oil, modifier or organic nitrate compound; biodiesel, animal and plant oil or amine (0-49, preferably 0.1-49); biological oil (0.1-49); and petroleum and/or alcohol ether fuel (49-99.7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method comprises pyrolyzing the sodium fluorosilicate at 700-900 degrees C to generate silicon tetrafluoride and aluminum sodium tetrahydride; reacting the silicon tetrafluoride and aluminum sodium tetrahydride at weight ratio of (1-5):1 with mixture of glycol dimethyl ether and toluene at 50-150 degrees C to obtain silane and aluminum sodium tetrafluoride; purifying the silane by molecular sieve purifying system; and cracking the purified silane at 700-1000 degrees C to obtain polysilicon and hydrogen. The aluminum sodium tetrahydride is prepared by reacting aluminum sodium tetrafluoride and hydrogen at 200-600 degrees C in the presence of palladium and nickel catalyst. The aluminum sodium tetrafluoride is prepared by leaching clay and industrial salt with hydrochloric acid at 70-90 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours, and reacting the filtrate with hydrofluoric acid. The hydrogen obtained by cracking the silane is used for producing the aluminum sodium tetrahydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method preferably comprises:(A) adding methanol, 30% formaldehyde aqueous solution and ethanol to a reactor, heating the mixed solution to 60-100 degrees C, adding the cation exchange resin catalyst (25-25 ml/g of mixed reaction solution) in one time, reacting for 2-3 hours, and collecting clear fraction;(B) adding anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2) to the collected fraction, stirring and mixing, standing and layering, separating the upper oil layer, washing the collected oil layer with saturated (CaCl2) aqueous solution to dry, filtering, removing drying agent to obtain mixed solution of ethoxymethoxymethane, dimethoxymethane and diethoxymethane; and(C) sending the mixed solution to a rectifier, adding acetal mixed solution to a rectifier, heating and obtaining total-reflux balance, collecting the fraction with a boiling point of 42 degrees C in which the fraction is dimethoxymethane, heating until no dimethoxymethane exists, obtaining total-reflux balance and collecting the fraction with a boiling point of 62 degrees C in which the fraction is ethoxymethoxymethane.Preferred Component: Mole ratio of methanol to formaldehyde to ethanol is 3:2:3.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of silicon in silicon powder with average particle diameter of 0.05-100 mu m is 50-99.9999%. Preferred Components: The substance containing metallic element is alkaline-earth metal, rare earth metal, hydroxide of aluminum, oxide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and/or aluminate. The alkali is hydroxide of alkali metal, ammonium hydroxide, organic amine, and/or hydrate of quaternary ammonium. The substance containing metallic element is calcium hydroxide. The alkali is sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The waste flow discharged from the FT reactor containing iron catalyst and FT wax is pumped directly back to the high-temperature gasifier burner of the BtL process. The waste flow is maintained in fluid form, where the waste flow fraction contains 10-50%, typically 20%, of spent catalyst material and, respectively, 50-90%, typically 80%, of FT wax and the waste flow is pumped to the gasifier burner having a feed lance constructed in it for feeding the fluid biowaste component into the process. The flow of iron-containing catalyst with FT wax is pumped to the gasification unit which is a high-temperature/entrained-flow gasifier or a pressurized oxygen gasification process further developed in it, where the process temperature is elevated above the ash melt temperature. In the slurry-type FT reactor using iron-containing catalyst, the flow of spent catalyst and FT wax is passed as a hot waste flow to a buffer vessel, where its temperature is maintained high enough, preferably higher than 120 degrees C, in order to keep the mass of the flow in fluid form. In the method, at the gasifier burner, the hydrocarbon components of the waste flow are gasified in the pressurized gasification reactor in the presence of oxygen, where carbon monoxide and hydrogen are formed and the iron catalyst melts in the high-temperature gasification process along with the ash resulting from the combustion of the other biomass being gasified in such a fashion that the molten ash flows as a fluid mass along the inner walls of the gasifier reactor and the molten fraction of iron catalyst is cooled with water at the bottom of the gasifier reactor and is removed from the reactor along with other ash components in the form of a vitrified mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gas stream is separated into an olefin stream comprising the olefins and an off-gas stream comprising non-condensables, where the olefin stream is charged to the conversion zone in step (c) in place of the gas stream. The reaction zone operates at 250-600 degrees C and in the substantial absence of oxygen. The bio-oil stream is hydrotreated to form a hydrotreated stream comprising less oxygen atoms per molecule than the bio-oil stream, and the hydrotreated stream is mixed with the conversion product stream. The conversion product stream is mixed with bio-oil stream. The olefins are converted in the conversion zone by alkylation, catalytic polymerization and/or aromatization. The alkylation method includes: adding isobutane to the conversion zone and alkylating isobutene with the olefins to form the conversion product stream comprising alkylated 6-8C hydrocarbons; and alkylating aromatics present in the reaction products and/or in a separate aromatic containing stream charged to the conversion zone, with the olefins to form at least a portion of the conversion product stream comprising alkylated 8-14C aromatics. The catalytic polymerization method includes reacting the olefins with each other over an acidic catalyst to form the conversion product stream comprising 6-12C olefinic oligomers. The aromatization method includes contacting the olefins with a zeolite catalyst at 300-450 degrees C to form the conversion product stream comprising aromatics and paraffins. Preferred Components: The reaction products comprise at least 5 or, preferably at least 8 wt.% of olefins. The reaction zone includes a catalyst. The alkylated aromatics comprise chemicals including ethyl benzene and/or cumene, where at least a portion of the chemicals are separated from the conversion product stream for use in further chemical processing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The process stream further contains bio-oil bound to components in the process stream, bio-oil trapped by components in the process stream or both, where the bound or trapped bio-oil is released. The system further comprises a recovery system for recovering the released bio-oil. The biomass processing facility is an alcohol production facility.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: removing the emulsion breaking additive from the reaction product to yield the broken emulsion concentrate; phase separating the broken emulsion concentrate to yield an aqueous phase (234) and a bio-oil phase; phase separating the reaction product to yield a broken emulsion concentrate; mechanically processing the broken emulsion concentrate to yield an aqueous phase and a bio-oil phase; and removing the emulsion breaking additive from the bio-oil phase. The emulsion breaking additive is effective to at least partially break the stable emulsion to produce a broken emulsion concentrate, where the entrapped bio-oil is released. The process stream is produced by mechanical processing. The emulsion breaking additive is removed with flash evaporation. The phase separating is accomplished with gravity separation or with mechanical processing. The emulsion breaking additive is heated prior to being combined with the process stream. The combining step is performed at a temperature of 22-121 degrees C. Preferred Components: The process stream is a bio-oil process stream having a moisture content of 5 wt.% to less than 30 wt.%. The emulsion breaking additive is a polar protic solvent. The polar protic solvent is ethanol or glycerol. The emulsion breaking additive is native to the one or more process streams. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method: the engine is a high pressure direct injection diesel engine and the method results in the reduction of injector deposits; and the engine operates with a fuel injector pressure of greater than 35 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen free additive is hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides and/or hydrolyzed hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides. The substituted hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with di-acid functionality, where the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent comprises a polyisobutylene group and the acylating agent is derived from a hydrocarbon which has a number average molecular weight of 500-2000. The fuel composition further comprises: less than 1000 ppm of any basic nitrogen and/or amine nitrogen containing fuel detergent additives; and additional fuel detergent, cetane improver, petroleum dye and/or marker, antioxidant, lubricity improver, corrosion inhibitor, cold flow improver, metal deactivator, demulsifier, antifoam agent and/or drag reducing agent. The fuel composition is free of nitrogen-containing dispersants (fuel dispersants) and/or detergents other than the substituted hydrocarbon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Preparation of degummed oil involves boiling the seeds of Olax scandens in a aliphatic solvent for 4 hours and extracting the crude oil of Olax scandens; and adding 1-7C alcohol to the crude oil (oil to solvent ratio is 2:1 vol./vol.), and centrifuging and heating to obtain degummed olax oil along with recovery of the solvent. Preparation of transesterified oil involves esterifying the degummed olax oil with 1-7C alcohol in presence of a mineral acid (oil: alcohol:mineral acid of 50:1:0.1 vol./vol./vol.) to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs); and neutralizing FAMEs with alcoholic base and transesterifying with lower alcohol in presence of a base as catalyst. Preferred Components: The degummed oil has specific gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) as given in Figure 1 of the specification; and comprises 19 compounds as given in Table of the specification e.g. methyl (Z)-dec-2-en-4,6-diynoate; 12-methyl-tridecanoic acid methyl ester; 11-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester; hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester; n-hexadecanoic acid; and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate. The transesterified oil has specific GC-MS as given in Figure 2 of the specification; and comprises 34 compounds as given in Table 2 of the specification e.g. heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester; octadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 7,10-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester; methyl (11E)-11-icosenoate; and methyl arachisate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic base is selected from alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from aliphatic solvents and 1-7C alcohols.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent is bentonite, preferably calcium bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol used in the fatty acid alkyl ester-alcohol mixture is methanol or ethanol. The weight ratio of fatty acid alkyl ester to methanol in the fatty acid alkyl ester-alcohol mixture is 19:1-1:1, preferably 9:1-4:1. Preferred Method: A further treatment of the adsorbent or the adsorbent with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide is carried out in connection to the regeneration. The adsorption is carried out in at least two parallelly connected adsorption column, where simultaneously the adsorption is carried out in at least one adsorption column, and the regeneration is carried out in at least a further adsorption column. The adsorption of steryl glycoside is carried out at an operating temperature of 60-150 degrees C. The regeneration of the adsorbent is carried out at an operating temperature of 40-60 degrees C. The adsorbent used for regeneration and the fatty acid alkyl ester-methanol mixture loaded with steryl glycoside are processed, in which (i) methanol fraction is separated from fatty acid alkyl ester fraction by distillation, where steryl glycosides remain in the ester fraction, and (ii) a strong acid is mixed in the fatty acid alkyl ester or the fatty acid alkyl ester is contacted with an acidic ion exchanger and the steryl glycoside is split into their steryl- and sugar fraction. The processed fatty acid alkyl ester is led in the washing of the crude fatty acid alkyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of aqueous ammonia is 20-30 %mass. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 5-25 %mass. Preferred Method: The mixture is maintained at 25-100 degrees C for 1-100 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing the strain of microbial cell or mixed microbial cell with the waste material, performing low temperature acclimatization process at 30-40 degrees C for 3-12 hours, medium temperature acclimatization process at 45-7 degrees C for 1-12 hours, and high temperature acclimatization process at 80-100 degrees C for 3-12 hours, and acclimatizing the strain of microbial cell or mixed microbial cell at 80-100 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal portion of the metal organic framework comprises Zn(II), or Co(II). The ZIF comprises nanometer-sized crystals. Preferred Process: The process (M1) further involves: collecting the propene-enriched mixture of propane and propene adsorbed on the ZIF; recirculating the collected non-adsorbed mixture of propane and propene back to the bed to further decrease the concentration of propene in the mixture; and recirculating the collected adsorbed propene-enriched mixture of propane and propene back to the bed to further increase the concentration of propene in the enriched mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The imidazole ligands of the metal organic framework of (ZIF) consist of 2-chloro-imidazole. EXAMPLE - A mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (120 mg) and 2-chloroimidazole (108 mg) in methanol (4 ml) was homogenized by sonication for 2 minutes. The mixture was heated to 100 degrees C in a sealed vial for two days to obtain zeolitic imidazolate framework (42 mg) as colorless polyhedral crystals having a crystal size of 0.19x 0.08x 0.05 mm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbohydrate is a hexose, where the hexose is fructose, glucose, sucrose or cellulose. The acid is hydrogen iodide. The catalyst is at least one trichlororuthenium or palladium/ carbon (both preferred). The aromatic solvent is benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene or their mixtures. EXAMPLE - Fructose (0.18 g), hydrogen iodide (57 wt.% in water, 6 mmol), 5 equiv.% trichlororuthenium, were added to water (1.8 ml) to form a first reaction mixture. This first reaction mixture was added to a glass reaction vial in open air. Benzene (2 ml) was added to the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture in the vial in open air. The vial with the second mixture was then placed in a high-pressure stainless steel reactor, flushed with hydrogen, and charged with 300 PSI of hydrogen. The reactor then was placed into an oil bath and heated to 75 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain 5-methylfurfural product in the benzene solvent layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer diameter of the cavity is greater than the outer diameter of the piston, and the height of the cavity is greater than the height of the piston.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The transverse double-blade knife of each crushing cutter comprises a rotating shaft at the joint, whose corresponding end is gradually reduced. The transverse double-blade knife of each crushing cutter comprises another side of the axial surface. The middle part of the stirring slot is set with an inlet and an outlet at one side, where the outlet is connected with a spiral conveyor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: 1-12 layers can be overlapped on the ventilating compost bin up and down.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The automatic control system comprises a temperature probe, a pH probe, an oxygen probe, a data collecting device, an automatic control device and a blower. The temperature probe and the pH probe are arranged on the fermentation slot for stacking the organic solid wastes which are respectively connected to the data collecting device, and are further connected to the automatic control device and the blower. The blower is connected to the main gas distribution passage by a pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner cylinder channels are provided with mutually perpendicular fins. The outer cylindrical flue gas channel is provided with several fins perpendicular to the axis of the channels. The two ends of the outer cylinder are equipped with thermocouples for monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature of the smoke or flue gas. The rotating speed of the variable-frequency motor installed on the protruding end of the hollow cylinder rotating shaft is adjusted by rotating the internal cylinder using spiral gear drives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer cylinder is composed of inner and outer wall of the annular water sleeve. The annular water sleeve wall of the upper and lower position is respectively provided with water inlet and outlet pipe. The upper and lower end face and outer side face is provided with heat preservation layer. The upper part of the inner liner is a cylindrical cylinder, where corresponding two sides of the upper end side is provided with an air outlet. The bottom is connected with the cylindrical barrel of the funnel-shaped cylinder. The lower part of the inner container with funnel-shaped cylinder is connected with the bottom of the discharging opening. The lower part of liner of cylinder side is distributed with many air outlet holes. The discharging port is provided with a discharging valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pan is equipped within a heat insulating pad.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The cellulase is prepared by standard recombinant method. Preferred Protein: The cellulose binding domain is cellulose binding domain of cellobiohydrolase I or cellobiohydrolase II derived from A.aculeatus. The cellulose binding domain is added to C-terminal or N-terminal of the above-mentioned region containing catalytic domain. The microorganism is A.aculeatus F-50 strain. Preferred Cell: The transformed cell is chosen from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi and yeast. EXAMPLE - First, Escherichia coli was cultured in Luria-Bertani culture medium at 37 degrees C overnight. The colonies thus obtained were inoculated in super optimal broth culture medium (250 ml) to obtain competent cell. Plasmid pBluescriptIIKS(+) comprising cellulose binding domain of cellobiohydrolase I inserted at C-terminal of beta -glucosidase 1 gene was constructed. Then, the competent cell was transformed with the constructed plasmid. Transformed cells were screened and cultured in Luria-Bertani culture medium at 37 degrees C overnight. Culture solution containing cellulase (BGL1-CBD-CBHI) comprising cellulose binding domain of cellobiohydrolase I was recovered. The cellulase was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS) was performed. Result showed that the enzyme had molecular weight of 140 kDa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The composite enzyme is mixture of cellulase and pectinase at mass ratio of 2-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is 0.1-0.3 wt.% calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The acid solution is 0.2-0.8 wt.% hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises:(A) crushing feverfew, adding 8-12 times deionized water to soak for 12-36 hours, heating to 40-60 degrees C, adding 0.6-1.2% composite enzyme for enzymolysis for 2-6 hours, filtering, and removing filtrate to obtain residue;(B) adding 6-10 times 60-80 wt.% hydrophilic solvent, performing back flow extracting, filtering to obtain extract, reducing temperature of extract to 5-20 degrees C, standing for 4-8 hours, centrifuging to obtain liquid supernatant, and recycling solvent to obtain concentrated solution;(C) adding 1-3 times water into the concentrated solution, cooling, standing for 8-72 hours, then filtering to obtain sediment, adding 10-20 times 0.1-2 wt.% alkaline solution into the sediment and stirring for 10-20 minutes, then standing, filtering, and collecting the filtrate; and(D) adding 0.2-0.8 wt.% acid solution into the filtrate, stirring, adjusting pH value of solution to 1-3, heating, then reducing temperature to 10-20 degrees C after reaction, standing for 10-20 hours, filtering, and collecting deposit, and vacuum drying the deposit at 50-60 degrees C to obtain the feverfew extract.Preferred Component: The hydrophilic solvent is 1-4C alcohol solution. The alcohol solution is carbinol, propyl alcohol or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid is chosen from oleic acid, lauryl acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plants: The vegetal raw material is selected from a group belonging to genera Astrocaryum aculeatum or Euterpe oleracea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The processor comprises main portion made of polyethylene plastic cup, where the cup mouth is designed as a half-isolating device. The cup portion comprises upper portion and a lower portion isolated by a circular polyethylene plastic plate. The upper portion is a reaction zone, and the lower portion is a slow-release zone. The biological film carrier hanging a film is fixed on a half-isolating fence near the cup mouth in the reaction zone. The slow-release structure is fixed inside slow-release zone. The outer side of the cup is provided with a cup-shaped shell structure regulating the buoyancy. The cup-shaped shell is made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride plastic. The structure for regulating the buoyancy on the outer side of the cup is a polystyrene foamed plastic, rubber or airbag structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microbial carrier is a polyethylene plastic brush, polyester cotton or polyester fiber material on which microorganism is adhered. The slow-release structure contains nutritious substance and surfactant inside. The slow-release structure is a polycaprolactone material. The cup wall in the reaction zone adjacent to the polyethylene plastic plate is provided with water penetration needle holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol or mixture of methanol and ethanol, where volume ratio of the methanol and ethanol is 1:5-10. The alkaline water is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammonia, where pH of the alkaline water is 9-14. The volume ratio of the lower alcohol and alkaline water in the lower alcohol-alkaline water system is 1:0.25-4. The cellulase is acid cellulase or beta -glucuronide and the content of the cellulase is 10-40 filter paper units/g extraction residue of the acid cellulase and 5-20 CBIU/g extraction residue of the beta -glycuronide. The acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer has pH of 4.6-5. The concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.5-0.8%. Preferred Method: The enzymolysis is performed for 24-72 hours. The bagasse is subjected to vapor explosion treatment under vapor pressure of 1.6-1.8 MPa, and the holding time is 6-8 minutes after pressure stabilization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid. The polar liquid is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of biodiesel further involves reacting crude oil or black liquor saponifiable material and 1-6C alkyl halide with 1-6C alkanol as solvent, and purifying. The purification method involves performing reduced pressure distillation to biodiesel reaction liquid to remove 1-6C alkanol, mixing remainder liquid after distillation with a polar liquid, forming a suspension, mixing organic solvent with formed suspension, layering, obtaining organic phase and polar liquid phase, separating organic phase, evaporating and recovering organic solvent, and performing reduced pressure distillation to the remaining substance and obtaining biodiesel. Preferred Composition: The 1-6C alkanol is methanol, ethanol or butanol. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, hexane or petroleum ether. The volume ratio of remainder liquid after distillation and polar liquid is 1-3:1-3. The volume ratio of organic solvent and suspension is 1-3:1-3. The 1-6C alkyl halide is acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide. The dosage of 1-6C alkanol is 100-600 ml, preferably 200-400 ml and the dosage of 1-6C alkyl halide is 5-50 ml. The content of crude oil or black liquor saponifiable material is 100 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method of adding sodium acid sulfate, zirconium sulfate catalyst and methanol or ethanol thrice in the step (b) comprises: adding sodium acid sulfate, zirconium sulfate counting for 1% of the raw material, and methanol or ethanol counting for 7% of the raw material weight in a reactor for the first time, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 110-125 degrees C with 0.2 MPa pressure in the reactor to reduce acid price of the reaction product to be less than 2mgKOH/g, recycling methanol or ethanol, removing solid acid slag from the bottom part; adding sodium acid sulfate, zirconium sulfate counting for 0.5 % of the raw material, and methanol or ethanol counting for 7% of the raw material weight in a reactor for the second time, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 110-125 degrees C with 0.2 MPa pressure in the reactor to reduce acid price of the reaction product to be less than 2mgKOH/g, recycling methanol or ethanol, removing solid acid slag from the bottom part; and adding sodium acid sulfate, zirconium sulfate counting for 1% of the raw material, and methanol or ethanol counting for 6% of the raw material weight in a reactor for the third time, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 110-125 degrees C with 0.2 MPa pressure in the reactor to reduce acid price of the reaction product to be less than 2mgKOH/g, recycling the methanol or ethanol. Ethanol is refined ethanol or crude ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Agent: The agent comprises formaldehyde dehydrogenase (90 %mass) as main component, where the formaldehyde dehydrogenase is formaldehyde degrading enzyme. The agent further comprises mixed protein with a concentration of 10% or less. Preferred Composition: The culture medium is Lysogeny broth (LB). Preferred Method: The vibrating and culturing steps are performed at 20-37 degrees C until the optical density (OD)600 of the culture reaches 0.8-1.5. The LB culture medium is prepared by dissolving (in g) sodium chloride (10), peptone (10) and yeast extract (5) into distilled water (1 l), and sterilizing the mixture at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. The final concentration of formaldehyde solution added into the culture medium is 100-200 mg/ml, where the vibrating and culturing steps are performed at 20-37 degrees C for 24-72 hours. The breaking step is performed using pulp refiner with homogenating pressure of 700 MPa for 5 minutes. The breaking step is performed ultrasonically using signal device-IID ultrasonic device for 10 minutes-2.5 seconds with interval of 7.5 seconds. The broken liquid is filtered using filter membrane having pore size of 0.22 microns, where the filter membrane is hydrophilic filter membrane chosen from cellulose membrane and polyethersulfone membrane. Preferred Component: The sterile water is pre-cooled at 4 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The seed culture medium comprises (in weight/volume%): soluble starch (0.5-2.0), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (0.1-1.0), potassium hydroxide (K2HO4) (0.05-0.5), ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (0.01-0.2), sodium chloride (0.01-0.2), and water, and has pH of 5.5-8.5. The fermentation culture medium comprises soluble starch (0.5-2.0), NaNO3 (0.1-1.0), K2HPO4 (0.05-0.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.01-0.2), potassium chloride (0.01-0.2), and water, and has pH of 5.5-8.5. Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed in a fermentation tank at 200-300 revolutions/minute (rpm) and ventilation amount of 0.5-1.5 l/minute for 15-20 hours. The centrifugation is performed at 6000-8000 rpm for 20-30 minutes. The vacuum-drying is performed at 58-62 degrees C and 0.04-0.06 MPa. The method further involves refining the obtained microbial flocculant by dissolving the microbial flocculant in sterile water to obtain solution, where weight ratio of the microbial flocculant to water is 1:80-120, adding chloroform to the solution in a volume ratio of 1:1-2, oscillating, maintaining and layering the obtained solution to separate supernatant, adding the supernatant into a dialysis bag, dialyzing the material using deionized water at 35-45 degrees C for 30-50 hours, adding ethanol (3-5 times) to the obtained liquid in the dialysis bag, maintaining the solution to obtain flocculent deposit, centrifuging the obtained material for 15-25 minutes at 4000-5000 rpm, removing the supernatant, and vacuum-drying the material at 58-62 degrees C for 4-8 hours at 0.04-0.06 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The photosynthetic bacteria is spherical Rhodopseudomonas, preferably R.palustris, or Rhodospirillum rubrum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) adding organic wastewater to a photosynthetic reactor, (b) inoculating the hydrogen-producing photosynthetic bacteria to the photosynthetic reactor, (c) adding the nanotitanium dioxide to the photosynthetic reactor, and (d) regulating pH to 6-8 and temperature to 30-35 degrees C in the reactor, maintaining the reactor for few minutes for reaction and collecting the gas. Preferred Components: The concentration of inoculated bacteria is 800-1000 mg/l. The concentration of the nanotitanium dioxide is 50-150 mg/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic wastewater is the wastewater rich in glucose, starch, protein or volatile organic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Culture Medium: The S2-generation culture medium comprises (in g): lactic acid, acetic acid or malic acid (0.05-0.2 mol), sodium sulfate (0.05-0.2 mol), ammonium chloride (1), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate (0.5), calcium chloride (0.1), yeast powder (0.5) and deionized water (1000 ml), where pH of the culture medium is 5-9. Preferred Components: The turbidity of sulfate reducer added to the S2-generation culture liquid is 150 NTU. The organic solvent is chosen from carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon disulfide, benzene, methylbenzene, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises an unit for condensing the vapors exhausted from the reaction vessel, and a vacuum pump for decreasing the pressure in the reaction vessel to a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The reaction vessel is substantially airtight. The exit port is located near the center of the metal surface and the paddle gradually moves organic substance deposited onto the metal surface toward the exit port. The metal surface is curved upwards from a lowest point at the center. The exit port is located at a point on the upward curve and the paddle gradually moves organic substance deposited onto the metal surface toward the exit port. Preferred Method: The reaction vessel is heated at 700-900 degrees F. The method further involves exhausting any vapors produced during ablation of the organic substance from the reaction vessel, and condensing the vapors exhausted from the reaction vessel. The pressure in the reaction vessel is lower than ambient pressure. The organic substance introduced into the reaction vessel resides on the heated metal surface for 15-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: A portion of the regenerated potassium carbonate aqueous solution is supplied to the methane production unit. The regenerating unit discharges the carbon dioxide, produced by decomposition of potassium hydrogen carbonate externally. The vegetable oil is waste tempura oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The microbe is indigenous microbe or an exogenous microbe introduced into the formation prior to introducing the electrical energy. A fluid is also introduced into the carbon bearing deposit, where the fluid contains: nutrients that promote or support the growth of microbes present in the carbon bearing deposit; chemicals that solubilize the coal; and microbes capable of bioconverting carbon-bearing material to fuels or fuel precursors. The delivery of electrical energy is continuous. The microbe is a methanogen. In the process, the well bores are extended from the surface into the carbon bearing deposit, where the well bores comprise at least one of injection wells, production wells, and electrical energy delivery wells. The carbon dioxide is added to water, nutrients, chemicals and gases that are introduced into the carbonaceous formation and is converted into methane by methanogenic consortia in the coal seam and then produced from the coal seam. The carbonaceous material is contacted with a solvent to solubilize at least a portion of the carbonaceous material prior to introducing electrical energy into the formation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous material is coal, where the coal is bituminous coal. The solvent is a salt, an ester, peroxide or hydroxide, preferably acetate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, at least a part of the solvent mixture is generated in-situ and recycled. The polar solvents are obtainable from acid hydrolysis of cellulosic material or from the liquefied product by hydrogenation. The co-solvent is obtained from the cellulosic material used in the liquefaction process. The process further comprises: hydrogenating the liquefied product; a separation step to obtain liquefied product; and converting the liquefied product to a biofuel, where the liquefied product is at least partially hydrodeoxygenated prior to subject to thermal, catalytic or hydro-cracking or further hydrodeoxygenation. Preferred Components: The polar solvents: have a polarity of log P less than 1; and include acetic acid, levulinic acid and/or gamma-valerolactone or formic acid. The acid catalyst is: a mineral or organic acid having a pKa below 3.75; and sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, para-toluene-sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid and/or trichloroacetic acid. EXAMPLE - Birch wood (particle size of not less than 4mm, semi-dried at 105 degrees C) was loaded into an autoclave together with water and co-solvent, the mixture was stirred (1400 rpm) and the reactor content was heated to 200 degrees C in 40 minutes, at a pressure of 13.6 bar. Hydrolysis was commenced by injecting a small aliquot of a solution of sulfuric acid (27 wt.%) in water to the heterogenous reaction mixture and water was subsequently injected into the system to flush the catalyst feed line to give a final sulfuric acid concentration of 3 wt.%. Samples were taken from the reactor at regular intervals of time and the hydrolysis was terminated after the desired reaction time by forced cooling of the reactor content to room temperature to give oligomeric product, where the insoluble humins were separated by filtration, followed by washing with acetone and drying under vacuum (200 mbar) at 50 degrees C overnight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The Chlamydomonas sp. is isolated from ocean and fresh waters of polar Artic and Antarctic regions. Preferred Strain: The strain is Chlamydomonas sp. ArM29 strain (KCTC 11695BP). The strain accumulates high concentration of lipid in geologic body at various culturing temperature, preferably 0-30 degrees C. The strain comprises higher fatty acid containing unsaturated 16-18C. Preferred Component: The fatty acid ester is methyl ester or ethyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the table groove, the front end side inclines toward the rotation direction of a pulverization table. The depth becomes shallow gradually while the width becomes narrow gradually, applying the table groove to a center portion from an inner peripheral portion. The surface which opposes is a substantially vertical surface while the cross-sectional shape of the table groove inclines gently in the slope of the moving direction of pulverization table. The inclination directions of the table groove and its groove differ while forming a radial roller groove in the surface of the grinding roller over a roller center portion on the basis of the front-end corresponding to the table liner. The front end side proceeds in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of a grinding roller, and the roller groove inclines. The depth becomes shallow while the width becomes narrow gradually, applying the roller groove to a center portion from an inner peripheral portion. While the cross-sectional shape of the roller groove inclines gently in the slope of the rotation direction of a grinding roller, the surface which opposes is a substantially vertical surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device has a dispersion flow introduction unit for dispersing and adding biomass powder with more than predetermined particle size entrained to the carrier gas. Preferred Components: The blowing gas is heated. The shape of a small opening at the side of the pulverization table center of the pulverization roller is taper shape. The dispersion gas is introduced into the direction orthogonal to vertical-axis direction from the surroundings of the main portion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate-containing precipitation material comprises sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and/or trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural gas comprises methane, ethane, butane and/or propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The biostabilization reactor includes a vessel for holding the methanogenic bacterial culture, where the biostabilization reactor outlet port communicates with a vertical surface of the biostabilization reactor vessel. The biogasification reactor includes a vessel for holding the methanogenic bacterial culture, where the biogasification reactor outlet port communicates with a vertical surface of the biogasification reactor vessel. The biogasification reactor has a controlled internal temperature of 25-55 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C or. The organic material is solid, liquid, or their combinations. The hydrolysis reactor further comprises acidogenic bacterial culture. The biostabilization bacterial culture is essentially free of acetogenic bacteria. The biogas discharged from the hydrolysis reactor comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The biogas discharged from the biogasification reactor comprises methane and carbon dioxide. The biogas discharged from the biostabilization reactor comprises methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The means for application of current: applies sufficient current the cathode and anode to acidify the seawater to a pH of less than or equal to 6.5, preferably less than or equal to 4.5, where a current density resulting from applied current is 5-200 milliampere/cm2; applies sufficient current to generate excess hydrogen in the anode and cathode compartments; and is capable of reversing the polarity of the anode and cathode to regenerate the apparatus. The means for feeding seawater to the ion exchange compartment feeds the seawater at a velocity of 20-500 cm/minute. The apparatus further comprises a device for separating carbon dioxide from acidified seawater obtained from the ion exchange compartment. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: reversing the polarity of the anode and cathode; separating carbon dioxide from acidified seawater obtained from the ion exchange reaction; separating hydrogen from a liquid ion exchange media obtained from the ion exchange reaction; and producing hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide obtained in the carbon dioxide separation step and the hydrogen obtained from the liquid ion exchange media. The carbon dioxide is separated from the acidified seawater by vacuum stripping and the hydrogen is separated from the liquid ion exchange media by vacuum stripping.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of solubilization of the organic waste is 500-1000 mg-SSL/L/day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The refiner has two sets of cooling unit and solid-gas separation films connected in series. The temperature of upstream side cooling unit is set to temperature at which siloxane as impurity is solidified. The temperature of downstream side cooling unit is set to temperature at which carbon dioxide as impurity is solidified. The refiner has a cleaning unit for vaporizing solidified material adhered to flow path, through which biogas is flowed. The upstream and downstream side cooling units, solid-gas separation film provided in downstream of upstream side cooling unit and separation film provided in downstream of downstream side cooling unit are provided in a line in series, and switching is enabled during purification process. Cleaning is carried out in one group which does not perform purification process. A thermal medium is poured into flow path of downstream side cooling unit, in group which does not perform purification process, and thermal medium is used for auxiliary cooling of upstream side cooling unit. The temperatures of upstream and downstream side cooling units are replaced by cleaning unit during purification in reverse direction flow path.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves obtaining rice straw, washing the rice straw to remove foreign substances, drying the washed straw and slicing the dried straw. The method further involves using timber raw material. The agricultural by-products are sliced into 1-10 mm, and have moisture content of 8-14%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in natural gas is 0-5 mol%, 5-15 mol% and 30-45 mole, respectively. The multibed of multilayer vacuum swing adsorption system comprises four beds having three layers (D1,D2 and D3) containing 13X-type molecular sieve, titanosilicate sieve and carbon molecular sieve, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The dryer is a temperature swing adsorption system containing activated alumina bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membrane module comprises more than one membrane module, where membrane is a modified hollow fiber polyamide nitrogen membranes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: maintaining a temperature and humidity of the worm bed and the applied feedstock to maintain a mesophilic dominant regime within the worm bed; reducing the temperature of the mixture in the thermophilic dominant regime; passing sufficient ambient air through the mixture to maintain a temperature below 180 degrees F; locating the worm bed on a flow through digester bed; maintaining a sufficient oxygen concentration within the mixture to substantially: maintain aerobic microbiological activity and preclude anaerobic microbiological activity in the mixture; maintaining a moisture gradient between a bottom stratum of the worm bed and a top stratum of the worm bed; grinding the mixture to provide a mean particle size of less than 0.5 inches before conditioning the mixture; selectively passing air through the mixture from a bottom of the mixture; applying a sufficient quantity of the feedstock to the worm bed to maintain a mesophilic dominant regime within the worm bed; drawing air up through the mixture; maintaining a worm population within the worm bed of 0.5-6 pounds of worms per square foot of worm bed surface area; and conditioning the feedstock through a second cycle of a thermophilic bacterial dominant regime, an actinomycete dominant regime and a mesophilic fungi dominant regime prior to applying the feedstock to the worm bed. Preferred Components: The cycle further includes an ambient temperature portion, a thermophilic temperature portion and a mesophilic temperature portion. The feedstock has a pathogen content that meets 40 CFR Part 503, as amended Jul. 1, 2002. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Any type of biomass without expensive purification is used since the standardization of the starting material is carried out via the intermediate step of methane. The by-products used are resulting from agriculture, thermal and/or material. The method is independently operated by others without the supply of electricity and thermal energy and thus is carbon dioxide neutrally operated. The used raw material does not require to be produced by extraction and similar complicated process, and thus no by-products, which affect the cost of production of these raw materials, are produced from the animal feed. Preferred Components: The process- and waste-water amount is up to 90% below the comparable biotechnological fermentation process. The product produced from this method is free of genetically modified agricultural raw materials, as they do not have to be used. The raw materials used are not provided in competition with food and animal feed and these raw materials are produced on land, which are not used for food- and animal feed production. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fiber bundle of the plant is 20 mm or more in length. Preferred Method: The method involves treating the biomass with the oxidizing agent at 40-90 degrees C for 90 minutes or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing agent is hypochlorous acid and/or its salt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the wastewater, carbon dioxide is dissolved as carbonic acid. Ferri bacteria (Rhodoferax ferrireducens) are introduced at least in the area of the streamed Eichhornia cultures in the wastewater. The cultures within the biomass reactor are arranged in stacked shelves, where the floating plant cultures (Eichhornia cultures) in precleaning stage are spatially arranged in the upper area of the shelves, and other aquatic cultures are arranged below, such that the wastewater fed up to the Eichhornia cultures after the successful biological precleaning under gravitational effects flows into the aquatic cultures. The wastewater conducted after passing through or staying in the pre-cleaning stage (Eichhornia cultures) flows through a valve or flow influence to the other plant cultures, which due to the so adjustable dwell time of wastewater in the Eichhornia culture, the wastewater is pre-cleaned effectively. The floating plant cultures of pre-cleaning stage (Eichhornia cultures) are placed so high that they are exposed to high sunlight impact, and defined amounts of carbon dioxide are conducted into the wastewater. The floating plants culture (Eichhornia culture) is arranged as a final cleaning stage for a wastewater conducted from the biomass reactor. The biomass reactor is at least partially closed and is ventilated with outside air, and the carbon dioxide is fed to the aquatic cultures and/or wastewater pre-cleaning stage. At least the pre-cleaning stage is implemented in an air hall. A multiple array of biomass reactors is provided, whose water supply of a closed or partially closed loop is interconnected so that the sequential flow of the aquatic cultures leads to a successive quality improvement of the originally fed wastewater. Preferred Components: The pre-cleaning stage contains aquatic cultures from Eichhornia crassipes.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Preparation of 3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)pentanedioic acid of formula (Ia) and (3S,4R)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)hexanedioic acid is disclosed as (I).    EXAMPLE - Tungsten trioxide dihydrate (22.4 g) was suspended in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35%, 224 ml), stirred and added with pyridine (13.5 ml) to obtain a clear, colorless catalyst solution comprised of tungsten complex having a structure of formula (W(O)(O2)2(C5H5N)2). Benzylcyclopent-3-en-1-carboxylate (1.026 g) was added in a boiling mixture of water (1 ml) and glacial acetic acid (0.8 ml) and then 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and catalyst solution were added in 9 portions and 4 portions, respectively for 3 hours. The final reaction mixture was subsequently boiled for another hour at reflux before it is diluted and cooled with ethyl acetate (25 ml). The organic phase was washed successively with an aqueous hydrochloric acid (5%, 25 ml) and aqueous sodium metabisulfite (15%, 25 ml). The organic phase was then evaporated over sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified to give 3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)pentanedioic acid (1.080 g, 80% of the theory) as a colorless solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of adding one or more compounds to the renewable oil comprises: adding an acid to the renewable oil; and increasing the pH of the acidified renewable oil by adding a base to the acidified renewable oil, where the soap stock is formed by the addition of the base. The step of separating the soap stock from the renewable oil comprises centrifuging the renewable oil. The process-1 further comprises removing a least a portion of water from the renewable oil that has been separated from the soap stock. The step of removing at least a portion of the water from the renewable oil comprising vacuum drying the renewable oil. The process-1 further comprises centrifuging the renewable oil to separate solids comprising the polymer from the refined renewable oil, and removing the solids from the refined renewable oil. The solids comprising the polymer are incorporated into animal feed. In the process-2, the step of removing the first portion of the free fatty acids from the starting renewable oil comprises: adding one or more compounds to the starting renewable oil to produce a soap stock, where the soap stock comprises reaction products of the free fatty acids; and separating at least a portion of the soap stock to produce the partially refined oil. The process-3 further comprises incorporating the edible polymer extracted from the renewable oil into animal feed. Preferred Components: The acid comprises a strong acid (preferably phosphoric acid). The base comprises a strong base (preferably sodium hydroxide). The renewable oil has a temperature of 60-80 degrees F when the acid is added to the renewable oil. The acidified renewable oil has a temperature of 160-170 degrees F when the base is added to the acidified renewable oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises an edible organic polymer; and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of magnesium is 10 parts weight or more. Preferred Process: The aluminum, stainless steel and/or silver are mixed with tourmaline, or tourmaline and rock containing silicon dioxide (66-76 parts weight) and liparite or granite to obtain special water. The liparite comprises obsidian, pearlite and/or pitchstone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The internal combustion engine system further includes a reservoir (3) for the lubricant, where the reservoir is connected with the inlet of the homogenizer. The homogenizer is a dynamic rotor-stator homogenizer having an annular shearing gap, where the annular shearing gap is less than or equal to 1 (preferably 0.1-0.8) mm. Preferred Method: In the operating method, a time period for the transfer of the emulsion from the homogenizer to at least one fuel injection pump is 0.1-10 (preferably 0.1-5) seconds. The operating method further comprises transferring the obtained emulsion from the homogenizer to the fuel injection pump and injecting the emulsion into the combustion chamber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral oil is a mineral based diesel oil, the synthetic oil is a synthetic diesel oil, and the natural oil is a biodiesel. The ratio of (a):(b), in wt.% is 3-13:97-87 (preferably 5-7:95-93). The SMD D32 of droplets of (a) in the emulsion is 2-10 (preferably 3-5) mu m. The lubricant is glycerin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The buffering agents are dipotassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The beef extract peptone culture medium comprises 5 g beef extract, 10 g peptone, 5 g sodium chloride, 20 g agar, and 1000 ml water. It is kept at pH value of 7-7.2, and sterilized for 20 minutes at 0.1 MPa. The potato glucose culture medium comprises 200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose (cane sugar), 15-20 g agar, and 1000 ml water. It is kept at neutral pH and sterilized for 20 minutes at 0.1 MPa. Gause synthetic culture medium I comprises 20 g soluble starch, 1 g potassium nitrate, 0.5 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g trihydrate dipotassium phosphate, 0.5 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01 g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 20 g agar, and 1000 ml water. It is kept at pH of 7.2-7.4, and sterilized for 20 minutes at 0.1 MPa. For the 10-1-10-8 dilutability of compost liquid, a number of germs is measured using 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6 dilutability; a number of actinomycetes is measured using 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 dilutability; and a number of fungus is measured using 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4 dilutability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial agent comprises (in parts by wt.) Bacillus licheniformis JLC38 (1), Bacillus weihenstephanensis JLC43 (1) and an additive (3-12, preferably 6-8). The straw is wheat straw, rice straw and maize straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is peat, kieselguhr or precipitated calcium carbonate. The microbial agent further comprises boric acid, manganese sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and/or cobalt nitrate hexahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic acidification in the step (b) comprises uniformly mixing the lignocellulose and the activated sludge in a proportion of 1:(1-10):1, adding water to adjust the solid-to-liquid ratio to (1:3)-(1:10) and adjusting the pH to neutral, adding nitrogen to the reactor, and processing the anaerobic acidification at 35-38 degrees C. The acid solution in the step (c) is used for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) fermentation, cutinase fermentation, and sewage denitrification and dephosphorization carbon source. The lignocellulose pre-treatment in the step (a) comprises steam explosion pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis pre-treatment, alkali-oxidation pre-treatment or grinding pre-treatment. Preferred Components: The lignocellulose in the step (a) comprises maize straw, rice straw, wheat straw and bagasse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is the straw of at least one crop such as rice, wheat, rape, sweet potato, maize, peanut, lima bean, pea and soyabean. The livestock matures are excretions of at least one livestock such as pig, cattle, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose, horse and sheep, where water content is 5-20%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The Bacillus sp. GZB strain is prepared by separating and purifying sludge in Guangdong Guiyu township electronic waste. Preferred Method: The method involves regulating pH value of inorganic salt culture medium containing bisphenol A (5-20 mg/l) to 6.5-8.5, adding Bacillus sp. GZB strain with optical density (OD)600 value of 0.4-0.5 based on inoculum size of 10-40 vol.% to the culture medium, and reacting the mixture at 25-42 degrees C. The reaction is oscillating reaction, and performed with speed of 100-200 revolutions/minute for 72-108 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dry raw material of agriculture and forestry waste containing pectin is obtained by drying fresh agriculture and forestry waste containing pectin under sun to constant weight or drying at 40-60 degrees C to constant weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas with special smell is hydrogen sulfide. The mol concentration of propane is 70-99 (preferably 90-95)%, the remaining mol amount is hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nutrition material comprises gluconic acid derivative e.g. gluconic acid and gluconate, gluconic acid amine, gluconic acid ester, and gluconic acid anhydride. The carrier is andosol capable of inhabiting symbiosis microorganism. Preferred Microorganism: The symbiosis microorganism is chosen from microbe capable of producing hydrogen generation, microbe capable of reducing sulfate, and microbe capable of producing methane. The anaerobic microbe is cultivated in presence of andosol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the blending-type biological diesel production system, the upper end of the reaction kettle is equipped with a stirring motor. The middle part is equipped with three groups of stirring paddles. The lower part is provided with the oil outlet. A high-energy static mixer shell is a cuboid steel plate, whose internal part is equipped with a filler, a magnet, a pipeline and a mixing device. A single-stage nano emulsifying machine is installed with a rotor and a stator. The rotor and stator are arranged in three layers. The external part is provided with an oil inlet and the oil outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dryer is roller type dryer, and has length of 10-16 meters, rotating speed of 9-13 rotations/minute, drying at the feeding temperature of 350-550 degrees C, discharging temperature of 65-90 degrees C. The adopted granulator of the ring mold speed is 3-9 meters per second and the pressure roller the outer diameter with the inner diameter of the ring mold is 0. 3-0. 48, the ring die opening rate is 25-35%, granulating into the grain specification diameter of 5-60 mm, the length of 2-6 times of the diameter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The through hole is set at the center of the cylindrical body, where there are multiple through holes that are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical substrate. The multiple through holes with the cylindrical body has concentric outer circle, and at the cylindrical base has a central through hole. The diameter of each through hole is equal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gravity sorting machine for heavy particles in material output port with second magnetic separator is set between the input port of the conveying device, where the second iron remover removes the black metal after the material output port with vortex sorting machine is set between the input port of the conveying device, eddy current sorting machine removes colored metal after the material output mouth with inert material reservoir is set between conveying device. The biological ferment tank of percolate output port by pipeline with leachate treatment facility are connected to the input port, where the biological ferment tank is provided with a waste gas collecting cover, waste gas collecting cover by pipeline with waste gas purifying facility, input port with waste gas purifying facility, waste water output port by pipeline with wastewater processing facility. The input port, biological ferment pool, and wastewater output port by pipeline with waste water processing facility are connected to the input port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The process for manufacturing co-products further comprises (e) drying the fungus, thus producing a human or animal feed co-product. The cellulose degrading fungus is a lignocellulose degrading fungus. The liquid medium comprises a carbon source selected from a solid feedstock, a hydrolysate in a liquid, and their combination. The cellulose degrading fungus comprises a characteristic selected from a 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene sequence having at least 98% nucleotide sequencing identity with the defined nucleotide sequence of 154 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1); an internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 sequence with at least 98% sequence identity to a defined nucleotide sequence of 181 bp (SEQ ID NO: 2); an ITS2 sequence with at least 98% sequence identity to a defined nucleotide sequence of 163 bp (SEQ ID NO: 3); and a 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequence with at least 98% sequence identity to defined nucleotide sequence of 261 bp (SEQ ID NO: 4); where all sequences are given in the specification. The method of manufacture of an animal feed comprises, prior to the combining: optionally extracting a lipid product from fungal biomass; and drying the fungal biomass, thus producing dried fungal biomass. The fungal biomass comprises biomass derived from a cellulose degrading fungus. The fungal biomass is derived from a lignocellulose degrading fungus. The biomass has been substantially depleted of a lipid product. Preferred Facility: The liquid medium has been conditioned by a cellulose degrading fungus comprising triacylglyceride in the amount of at least 5% of the dry weight of the fungus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae comprise 18S DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The microalgae contain total fat acid content of 40% or more. Preferred Method: The culture medium contains bean powder as single nitrogen source, and fiber biomass as single carbon source. Preferred Component: The fiber biomass is chosen from carboxymethyl cellulose, cellobiose and palm oil by-product. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The part of sustainable amazonian wood is milled, pulverized and/or chopped. The extraction step includes decoction, maceration, infusion or percolation. The step of maceration is conducted at a temperature of 22-27 degrees C, preferably 25 degrees C, and for a period of 12-72 hours, preferably 24 hours. Preferred Components: The durable amazonian wood is Andira surinamensis, Andira coriacea, Andira inermis, Manilkara huberi, Manilkara bidentata, Tabebuia serratifolia, Tabeluia impetiginosa, Bagassa guianensis, Qualea rosea, Sextonia rubra or Vouacapoua americana. The extract is preferably in liquid form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is water, an alcohol preferably methanol, ethanol, hydroalcoholic mixture or an ester, preferably ethyl acetate. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves molding the dried bamboo material after crushing the bamboo into pellet or grain. Preferred Component: The age identification unit is made of biodegradable plastic. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The hydration process is performed in cross-flow filtration before carrying out cross-flow filtration. The hydration process is performed before carrying out cross-flow filtration, so that mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of enzyme saccharified liquid is 40000 mg/l or less. The cross-flow filtration is performed after changing pH of enzyme saccharified liquid. The method involves performing pre-processing by hydrothermal treatment and using pre-processed material containing hot water soluble components. The solid substance content of enzyme saccharified liquid of step (a) is 0.1-10%. The method involves subjecting enzyme saccharified liquid obtained by step (a) to one or more solid-liquid separation processes chosen from centrifugation, sedimentation and floatation separation, before step (b). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The thermophilic ammonium oxidizing bacteria is obtained by culturing compost at 50-55 degrees C using culture medium having pH of 8.4. The culture medium comprises (in mMol): ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) (37.8), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (17.8), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) (13.6), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) (27.2 mu M mol), iron EDTA (Fe-EDTA) (0.2 mu M mol), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (79:9), and sodium acetate (CH3COONaasterisk3H2O) (756.9). Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Bacillus sp. T3 strain (NITE P-921). Preferred Component: The compost material comprises livestock excrement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode material contains metallic lithium (1), lithium-carbon, lithium-silicon, lithium-aluminum, lithium-indium, lithium-tin, or lithium-nitride. The positive electrode has collector electrode chosen from platinum, noble metal, carbon, titanium, stainless steel (SUS) and nickel electrodes. The active material of positive electrode is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The microorganism is obtained by composting foodstuff waste material. Preferred Culture Medium: The solid medium is a culture medium obtained by mixing auxiliary material (5-15 parts weight) with completely ripened plant compost (100 parts weight), where the auxiliary material has improved physical properties chosen from water absorbability and air permeability. ACTIVITY - Fungicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture comprises 90 (preferably 60) vol.% of biodiesel, and 40 (preferably 10) vol.% of ethanol, and is ideal for use as penetrating oil, lubricant, fuel additive, adhesive solvent, or heating oil. Preferred Components: The accelerant is ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, butanol, and denatured alcohol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is preferably 3.5-5.5. The molar ratio of total amount of hydrogen and inactive gas, and carbon dioxide is preferably 3.5-6. The catalyst contains copper, zinc, aluminum and silicon, and has particle size of 3-20 mm. Preferred Apparatus: The reactor is fixed bed reactor, and is operated at pressure of 1-10 MPaG.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tank further comprises solid electrolytic membrane. Preferred Arrangements: The solid electrolyte is interposed between the working electrode and counter electrode. The electrochemical cell comprises pipe, where the end of the pipe is equipped inside the electrolyte solution and the carbon dioxide is supplied to electrolyte solution from the pipe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The methane, ethylene, ethane and/or formic acid is generated while applying negative voltage and positive voltage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises unit to distribute liquid and semi-liquid waste onto or under the first layer of the container to percolate through the second and third layers, and unit to drain the treated liquid and semi-liquid waste from the container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1): the SAPO membrane is a SAPO-34 membrane; the membrane layer is heated under a vacuum; in an atmosphere consisting of an inert gas. The inert gas is selected from nitrogen, argon, and/or helium. The membrane layer is heated at 650-700 (preferably 650-675) degrees K. At least 95 (preferably at least 99)% of the templating agent is removed when the membrane layer is heated. The heating of the membrane layer does not form oxidized derivatives from the templating agent. The membrane gel comprises at least two templating agents, and heating the membrane layer removes each of the templating agents. One of the at least two templating agents is a quaternary organic ammonium templating agent and one of the at least two templating agents is a primary, secondary or tertiary amine having less than or equal to 12 carbon atoms. No additional calcination steps are performed to remove the templating agent. The template removal step is performed by heating the membrane for 3.5-4.5 hours at 650-675 degrees K. In the membrane (M1): the thickness of the SAPO layer is less than 10 (preferably 5-6) mu m. Preferred Components: The templating agent is a quaternary organic ammonium templating agent selected from tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACI), dipropylamine (DPA), N,N-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA), N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), morpholine (MOR), and/or cyclohexylamine (CHA). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The decomposing microbial inoculums is composition comprising Bacillus mucilaginosus, B.laterosporus, B.subtilis, Saccharomyces, and photosynthetic bacteria in volume ratio is 1:1:2:3:3. The microbial composite bacterial liquid comprises phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria and B.thuringiensis in volume ratio of 1:1. The agricultural organic waste comprises the agrochemical and garden waste. The length of the agricultural organic waste after grinding is 8 mm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelate microcomponents comprise chelates of ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate or boric acid in weight ratio of 5:2:3:5. The humus acid is chosen from at least one of potassium humate, sodium humate and potassium fulic. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Nematocide; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Aeromonas sp. bacterial strain 6-38 is isolated from frozen livestock and poultry sewage. Preferred Strain: The number of the viable bacteria containing the Aeromonas sp. strain 6-38 is 108-109 colony forming units (cfu)/g. The Aeromonas sp. 6-38 is inoculated into compost with inoculum size of 0.5-1% to improve the heating speed of the solid waste compost.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The solid waste compost is 25-30% of organic compost with moisture content of 55-60%. Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at 15-25 degrees C and 120-180 revolutions/minute for 24-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The aeration tank comprises bioreactor in which oxygen is continuously aerated. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sludge modifier comprises 50-60% modified dolomite and 40-50% magnesium chloride, preferably 50% modified dolomite and 50% magnesium chloride. The weight ratio of sludge and sludge modifier is 100:(5-8), 100:(2-3), or 100:(3-3.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is derived from paddy rice, wheat, rape, sweet potato, corn, peanut, lima bean, pea, and/or soybean which are ground or cut to less than or equal to 5 cm. The animal manure is originated from pig, cow, rabbit, chicken, goose, duck, horse, and/or sheep; and has water content of 5-30%. The nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide, potassium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate, and/or ammonium sulfate. The phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium phosphate, phosphorus ore powder, calcium perphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer, and/or triple superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The damp-proof agent of damp-proof protecting layer is hydrolyzed leather cement liquid and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The weight percentage ratio of component A to component B is 3-40%:5-70%. The weight percentage ratio of myclobutanil to kresoximmethyl is 5-30%:10-60%. The weight percentage ratio of myclobutanil to pyraclostrobin is 5-30%:10-60%. The weight percentage ratio of myclobutanil to enestroburin is 5-30%:10-60%. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises decompressing the compressed methane using low-temperature carbon dioxide gas, and directly mixing with other gases so that each standard of the mixed gas meets the natural gas standard of the nation; and desulfuration prior to removal of hydrogen and oxygen. The removal of hydrogen and oxygen comprises adding air at room temperature and normal pressure, adding catalyst, and catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen to generate water. The pressurizing is done at a pressure of 15-25 MPa. Preferred Component: The catalyst is 506HT oxygen-removing catalyst in palladium-semiconductor system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Product: The device comprises heating apparatus which is located in outer circumferential side of the transfer screw conveyor, blower (5'), and hot blast line (3). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first stabilization reservoir and oil water separator are connected to a second stabilization reservoir (32) for storing liquid manure. The circular pellet is packed. The organic raw materials are chosen from red clay, fruit, shell and oyster shell, where the raw materials are pulverized and freeze-dried. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Aerobic fermentation is carried out at 50-60 degrees C with a water content of 60-65%. The fermented manure is rice hull compost, saw dust manure, and/or rice straw compost.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The siliceous material is dolomite, zeolite, diatomite, and/or dried red clay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dust catcher is the second-level double-bag type dust remover, comprising a spiral dust collector and double-bag pulse dust remover. The heating device is two hearth type structure of the hot-blast stove. The heating device is automatically grate type structure of the hot-blast stove. The preparation system further comprises a crusher for crushing the agriculture and forestry waste, a permanent magnetic cylinder for absorbing iron impurities. The drying device is roller type dryer, the drum-type dryer of length 10-16 meters, rotating speed of 9-13 rotation/minute, drying at the feeding temperature of 350-550 degrees C, discharging temperature of 65-90 degrees C. The adopted granulator of the ring mold speed of 3-9 meters per second and the outer diameter of the pressure roller with the inner diameter of the ring mold is 0.3-0.48, and the ring die opening rate is 25-35%. The conveying device comprises conveying pipe, it is composed of u-shaped slot, slot cover and glass plate, where the u-shaped slot in the bottom is paved with a layer of glass plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lignocellulosic particle is added at a rate of 5-40% of total solids. The digestion process is anaerobic, aerobic or facultative. Preferred Components: The combined cellulose and hemicellulose content of the particle is greater than 30%, preferably greater than 60%. The carbon/nitrogen ratio of the lignocellulosic particle is 100-500. The lignocellulosic particle has a specific surface area of greater than 100 m2/g, preferably greater than 500 m2/g, where the particle size is 100 mesh. The lignocellulosic particle comprises powdered natural lignocellulosic materials, where the powdered natural lignocellulosic material is kenaf core (preferred), sphagnum moss, hemp hurd, jute stick, balsa wood, other hard and soft woods, crop straws, grass specie stems, bamboo specie stems, reed stalks, peanut shells, coconut husks, pecan shells, other shells, rice husk, other grain husks, corn stover, other grain stalks, cotton stalk, sugar cane bagasse, conifer and hardwood barks, and/or corncobs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: Generating heat energy and electrical energy from various types of waste comprises liquefaction and cryogenic storage of hydrogen in deposits obtained in the process of electrolysis of the treated water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The decomposition process is carried out in a temperature controlled manner. The temperature of the raw material mixture during the rotting is measured. The decomposition process is terminated after self heating of the raw material mixture at a temperature of more than 50 degrees C, preferably more than 60-65 degrees C and reducing the temperature to less than 45 degrees C, preferably more than 40 degrees C, following the biological conversion. The water content of the partially rotten raw material mixture is 30 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 25 wt.%. The amount of fine material in the raw material mixture is 20-40 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.%. The decomposition process of the raw material mixture is carried out in an open area of a packed bed (3). The raw material mixture is crushed in at least one crushing process before decomposition process and/or partial rotting of the raw material mixture, and separated into a coarse fraction (10) and a fine fraction (11) in at least one subsequent screening process. The coarse fraction is dried in at least one drying process into a water content of less than 15 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%. The coarse fraction is crushed in at least one additional crushing process to a particle size of less than 15 mm, preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, after the drying process, and is subsequently briquetted. The briquetting is carried out without a binder. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation liquor is methane fermentation liquor. The pH of the fermentation liquor is maintained to 5.5-8. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves immersing the electrode into the fermentation liquor along with a counter electrode and electric potential (A) of the electrode is controlled using silver and silver chloride electrode as standard (A less than or equal to -1). The two-stage fermentation process (M2) involves controlling electric potential of the immersed electrode and activating methane forming microorganism in the fermentation liquor. The method (M2) involves controlling electric potential (B) of the electrode using silver and silver chloride electrode as standard (B=+0.3 or B=less than X), where X is oxidation-reduction potential of methane fermentation liquid. The method (M2) involves immersing electrolyte solution into the methane fermentation liquor through an ion exchange membrane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The movement suppression process is carried out by arranging the electrolyte layer at a side perpendicularly lower than the metallic substrate. Positive voltage and negative voltage are applied on the electrolyte layer and metallic substrate, respectively. The solid oxide electrolyte is stabilized zirconia, stabilized ceria and/or lanthanum gallate. The auxiliary material is carbonate, chloride salt, fluoride salt and/or glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metallic substrate is ferrite-type stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The adjusting device has a gas supply line for mixing the unreacted gas from the hydrocarbon synthesis apparatus, refined dry distillation gas, hydrogen, and unconverted gas from the hydrocarbon synthesis apparatus. The adjusting device has an inlet for refined gas and an inlet for hydrogen gas, each provided with a flow-volume adjustment bubble, an unreacted-gas introduction port, a gas mixing portion having a gas compressor, and buffer tank(s) which stores compressed mixed gas. The gas compressor consists of a heat exchanger provided in the gas mixing portion. The system ahs a superheated-steam generator. The produced superheated steam is used as carrier gas of the thermal decomposition apparatus, and as a heat medium which passes the heat source of thermal decomposition apparatus, and/or heat exchanger. The refiner consists of a desulfurizer and an ion-exchange scrubber. An unreacted-portion circulation portion is provided for returning the unreacted portion produced in the separation process to the mixed-gas preparation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tank comprises a solid electrolytic membrane, where the solid electrolyte is interposed between the working electrode and counter electrode. The electrochemical cell comprises a pipe, where the end of the pipe is positioned inside the electrolyte solution. The carbon dioxide is supplied to the electrolyte solution from the pipe. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The content-ratio adjustment unit supplies an additive to wastewater. The additive is magnesium hydroxide (X6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In separating liquid fraction from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation broth, the treating step of (c) is at a temperature between about 70 degrees C and about 150 degrees C. The temperature is between about 95 degrees C and about 150 degrees C. The time of treating in step (c) is for between about 30 seconds and about 210 minutes. Treating of step (c) is at a temperature of between about 110 degrees C and about 150 degrees C, and for a time of between about 30 seconds and about two minutes. Lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate; fermentation broth of (a) or depleted broth of (b) attains a pH of about pH 6 or lower before or during treating of (c). Passing through a filter of (d) is by vacuum filtration or pressure filtration. The target product is ethanol, and where the ethanol is removed from the lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation broth in step (b) by distillation producing a depleted broth that is a whole stillage; or the target product is butanol and where the butanol is removed from the lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation broth in step (b) by solvent extraction producing a depleted broth. Lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation broth is produced from biomass that is selected from switchgrass, waste paper, sludge from paper manufacture, corn cobs, corn husks, corn stover, grasses, wheat, wheat straw, hay, barley straw, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, components obtained from processing of grains, trees, branches, roots, leaves, wood chips, sawdust, shrubs and bushes, vegetables, fruits, and flowers. The liquid fraction of step (d) is recycled. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves heating and drying chaff to obtain processing material and culturing aerobe in the chaff particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bag is water permeable bag which is molded with chemical fiber chosen from polyester and polypropylene. The bags have several sheets of water permeable bag. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Both chemical components is made of carbon monoxide and tetrahydrocannabinol, which includes nonmethane hydrocarbons and methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The colony count of the three microorganisms are 2.44x 109-2.47x 109/ml. The B.subtilis has optical density (OD)600 value of 0.57 and the yeast has OD560 of 0.545. The compound microbial inoculum is applied to leaves surface in different processing types from budding period to tillering period of the seed, preferably replaced from dipping type to liquid surface spraying process, where accepted sunlight period is 7-8 hours in daytime, average room temperature is 18 degrees C, average maximum temperature is 21.8 degrees C, minimum temperature is 15.6 degrees C, average humidity is 35.1%, average maximum humidity is 52.7%, average lowest humidity is 34% and average light quantum density is 600-800 micron mu M.m2.second-1, where the indicators are measured after continuous process for 35 days. The mineral nutrients include absorptive and distributive condition of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agricultural organic waste is straw, wheat bran, vegetable leaf or wheat-straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The EM bacterium stock solution is cultured in Murashige-Skoog (MS) culture medium. The culture medium comprises 4% of glucose and 2% of peptone, where the culturing condition is 28-30 degrees C for 12-16 hours, and shaking the culture at speed of 80-180 rotations/minute. Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 3x 108 colony forming unit (cfu)/g of bacteria as measured by GB/T 4789-94 and y/T 227-94 standard, 5x 105 cfu/g of Saccharomycetes and 4x 106 cfu/g of yeast. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The adopted devices for the above process comprises, a catalyzing and pyrolyzing apparatus is sequentially connected to a mixed pond (23), a heat exchanger (22), an anaerobic fermentation tank (21), a sedimentation tank (25), an aerobic system (26) and an aerobic pool by a pipeline. An air outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected to a methane tank. A constant pressure buffering tank, a low-pressure compressing machine and a buffering tank, which are provided between air inlets of an absorbing tower is connected to the methane tank in turn via the pipeline. The bottom end of the absorbing tower is subjected to circulated connection with top ends of a high-pressure reservoir tank, a high-pressure water pump, a desorbing tower, a circulating tank, a water circulating pump, a heat exchanger and the absorbing tower in turn via the pipeline. Top end of a desulfurizing tower is connected to the top end of the desorbing tower via the pipeline while the bottom end is directly drained. The top end of the absorbing tower is sequentially connected with a pre-hydrating apparatus, a hydrating tower, a high-pressure compressor, a 20 MPa buffering tank, a compressed natural gas transporting vehicle and a gas station via the pipeline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methane purification includes removing carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen sulfide. The aerobic reaction uses an air-filling method or aerobic pond technique to produce the methane waste liquid and to obtain the recycling water or irrigating water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The mat further comprises a straw (140) provided to plant seed formed between seed mat and base. The water-soluble sheet comprises a material dissolved in water, pulp and nonwoven fabric. The fertilizer is organic or inorganic fertilizer. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing agent is calcium permanganate solution or hydroperoxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The supply of boron in the hot coking process is 0.05-0.1 mg per liter of water. The supply of boron in the synthesis gas fermentation is 0.1-0.5 mg per liter of water. Preferred Components: The biomass consists of Lemnaceae, Spirodela, Eichhornia or algae. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves measuring content of carbohydrates. The step (a) further involves measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH value, and/or content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of sludge in the fermentation tank. The step (b) further involves determining amount of fresh organic sludge to-be-added into the fermentation tank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred System: The system comprises brown coal, black coal and/or anthracite as a fossil regular fuel. One fossil regular fuel has a Vitrinite reflection Rm greater than 2.0, and the second fossil regular fuel has a Vitrinite reflection Rm between 0.4 and 2.0. The system comprises at least three different fossil regular fuels, where one fuel has a Vitrinite reflection Rm greater than 3.0, a second as a Vitrinite reflection Rm between greater than 2.0 and 3.0, and a third has a Vitrinite reflection Rm between 0.4 and 2.0. The composition balance index of the fossil regular fuel CBIw is in the range of greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 4.5. The urban sewage sludge used as biogenic carbon donor is the product anaerobic digestion of raw sludge, or raw sludge coming from the sedimentation tank or settling tank of urban sewage plants. The system comprises a refinement product from the group consisting of coke, petroleum coke, brown coal coke and charcoal. Preferred Process: In producing the fuel system, the selected fossil regular fuel is admixed to the sewage sludge past putrefying, draining, and drying of the sewage sludge. At least one selected fossil regular fuel is admixed to the sewage sludge prior putrefying, draining, and drying of the sewage sludge. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Source: The ammoniacal nitrogen source is NH4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The zooplankton population comprises a harpacticoid copepod. The biomass comprises algae of the genus Sargassum harvested from the Sargasso Sea. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The syrup comprises solids of 50, preferably 45 wt.% or more. The lignocellulosic biomass hydrolyzate fermentation broth is obtained from biomass chosen from switchgrass, waste paper, sludge from paper manufacture, corn cobs, corn husks, corn stover, grasses, wheat, wheat straw, hay, barley straw, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, components obtained from processing grains, trees, branches, roots, leaves, wood chips, sawdust, shrubs, bushes, vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Preferred Method: The method further involves burning the syrup without further drying. The water evaporated from the thin stillage is recycled. The lignocellulosic biomass hydrolyzate fermentation broth of step (a) or the depleted broth or whole stillage of step (b) has a pH of 6 or less and is treated with heat for 30 seconds to 210 minutes at a temperature 70-150 degrees C, where the time and temperature are inversely related. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous body deodorant contains: 1-20 (preferably 5-12.5) wt.% or maximum 20 (preferably maximum 15) wt.% of 1,2-propanediol and ethanol; 1-40 (preferably 10-25) wt.% of a propellant mixture of propane/butane and dimethyl ether; non-ionic surfactant (0.25-7.5 (preferably 0.9-1.5) wt.%); and citric acid and/or citrate (0.25-5 (preferably 0.9-2) wt.%). The amount of propane/butane and dimethyl ether is 1-20 (preferably 5-10) wt.% and 1-20 (preferably 5-15) wt.%, respectively. The deodorizing agent is a cationic phospholipid of formula ((((R2)(R1)(R3)N+-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O)x-P(=O)-(OM)y) (A-)) (I). The amount of water is 25-80 (preferably 50-65) wt.%. The body deodorant has a pH-value of 2-6, preferably 3.5-4.5.R1 = alkyl, alkenyl, 8-22C hydroxyalkyl or acylaminoalkyl compound of formula (R5CONH(CmH2m));R5CO = linear 8-22C acyl;R2, R3 = 1-4C alkyl, 2-4C hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl compound of formula (CH2)z-COOM;M = H or an alkali metal;A = water-soluble anion;m = 2 or 3;x, z = 1-3; andy = 3-x. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Cell: The transgenic algal cell overexpresses eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A), where the eIF-5A comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The cell contains a construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding eIF-5A operably linked to a promoter, where the promoter is Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycolysis enzyme promoter. The construct comprises a nucleic acid having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The transgenic algal cell overexpresses deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), where the DHS comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 4. The cell contains a construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding tomato DHS operably linked to a promoter. The construct comprises a nucleic acid having a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. The cell further overexpresses DHS; and contains a construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding tomato DHS operably linked to a S. cerevisiae glycolysis enzyme promoter. The cell further contains a construct comprising the nucleic acid having the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. Producing transgenic algal cells that produce the increased amount of oil further comprises prior to transforming the algal cells, obtaining a DHS construct comprising the nucleic acid encoding DHS operably linked to a promoter and transforming the algal cells with both the DHS and the eIF-5A constructs. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Supernatant: The cellulolytic enzyme complex comprises cellulase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, beta -glucosidase, xylanase and beta -xylosidase. The beta -glucosidase and the cellulase are present in a ratio of 2:1. The xylanases and the cellulase are present in a ratio of 20:1. Preferred Method: In obtaining the supernatant, the medium comprises inorganic salts and other appropriate nutrients suitable for growth of the T. viride strain NP13a. The inorganic salts are selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, iron(II) sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate. The medium further comprises inorganic ammonium salts and organic ammonium salts. The medium is a substrate selected from Solka Floe, herbaceous material, agricultural residue, forestry residue, waste paper, and pulp and paper mill residue. The substrate loading is 1-5%. The suspension is incubated at a temperature of 20-35 degrees C. The suspension is incubated for 1-3 days or 4-14 days. In degrading lignocellulosic material to fermentable sugar, the lignocellulosic material is pretreated with a diluted acid and distilled water under room temperature or under pressurized steam for a predetermined period of time. The lignocellulosic material is pretreated with a diluted base and distilled water under room temperature or under pressurized steam for a predetermined period of time. The pretreated lignocellulosic material is washed until a pH of 7 is reached. The method further comprises recovering the degraded lignocellulosic material. The degraded lignocellulosic material is a sugar. The lignocellulosic material is selected from herbaceous material, agricultural residue, forestry residue, waste paper, and pulp and paper mill residue. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminosilicate mineral is a zeolite. The percentage of aluminosilicate mineral in the catalyst-feedstock mixture is less than 5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The heating sequence is: not greater than 200 minutes; and controlled by moving the mixture of catalyst and feedstock through the reactor past static microwave generators. In the process, the process energy recycling is employed for at least 1 process energy output. The process is continuous. Preferred Components: The operating pressure in the reactor is: 50-130 kPa; and lower or higher than the atmospheric pressure. The reactor is a moving bed reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feedstock is a raw feedstock, a solid feedstock or a biomass feedstock, preferably straw, slurry, slurry fibers, rape cakes, energy willow, nut shells, wood chips, wood pellets, algae, sludge, household waste, recycling center waste, pressure-creosoted wood, used tires and/or plastic waste. EXAMPLE - The straw (2.58 Kg) was pretreated by shredding, pelletizing, drying and pre-heating to 90 degrees C. The pelletized straw was mixed with Purmol 13 (RTM: Synthetic zeolite), or alternatively the catalyst was added prior to pelletization and preheating. The feedstock-catalyst mixture was transferred to the reactor and subjected to the heating. Nitrogen was added to the reactor to minimize the presence of oxygen to give biofuel (26% yield), while residual material was obtained in a yield of 35%, where remaining products were volatile hydrocarbons and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The physical separation unit is made of a membrane comprising tantalum, niobium, vanadium, palladium and its alloys with silver and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reformed gas is subjected to hydrodesulfurization system using a copper-zinc-aluminum based desulfurizing agent.
EXAMPLE - The example illustrates preparation of the organic compost, where the compost was comprised of (in vol.) waste (1.80 m3), wood shavings (0.30m3), poultry litter (3.60 m3) and water (0.50 m3). Poultry litter (25-30cm) layer was placed on floor of the box to cover surface, where wood shavings layer (as top layer) of 10cm was placed on it. Waste was deposited on the wood shavings layer and then another layer of wood shavings was placed on bed layer, where water was provided to increase humidity. Temperature of the compost was monitored at 6-65 degrees C for first week and then bacteria and catalyst substrates were incorporated to the compost box for performing aerobic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The E.acetylicum L31 strain is isolated from sewage treatment aeration basin of Shandong Huayang insecticide factory by domestication method. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The solid content of the dehydrated sludge is 15-25%. The content of the organism in the dry solid is 45-80%. The pre-processing step is carried out at 130-180 degrees C and under pressure of 0.3-1 MPa. The method further involves stirring the sludge mixture using stirrer. The sludge mixture is maintained at 2 degrees C. Preferred Sludge: The inoculated sludge is chosen from unpreprocessed dehydrated sludge, anaerobic fermented mature sludge, particle sludge from other anaerobic reactor or biogas residue after anaerobic digestion of sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The composting specification is length, width and height of 6x 2x 2 m. The method enables maturity of the compost to be advanced for 14-15 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises (in kg): papermaking sludge (10-20), cellulose (2-6), glycine betaine (6-8) and arginine (2-5). The surfactant is one or two of lecithin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cyclodextrin and alginic acid. Preferred Method: The turning and mixing steps are preformed in a laminated manner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The organic waste comprises excrement of livestock and poultry, domestic sludge and house refuse. The filling comprises straw, rice chaff, bran and traditional Chinese medicinal residues. The more than one gas distribution tube is used in the pile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material of the gas distribution tube is metal or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The tube of the gas distribution tube is cylindrical. The aperture of the ventilating hole is 0.5-1.5 cm, preferably 1 cm. The weight ratio of the organic waste and filling is 10:3. Preferred Method: The method involves using more than two gas distribution tubes in the pile, where adjacent gas distribution tubes are parallel, and distance between the tubes are 80-120 cm. The height of the pile is 1 m. The intermittent starting time interval is 1 hour. The ventilating time is 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the poultry excrement to water is 1:1 in the step (i). The water content of the raw material is 60-70% and the water content of the organic manure is 40-50%. The fermentative strain is Saccharomyces, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and/or effective microorganisms (preferably bacteria). The fermenting temperature in the step (iii) is 20-35 degrees C and the humidity is 60-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw materials comprises (pts. wt.): main burning agent methanol (25-30), assistant naphthenic acid (8-10), flashing point improver castor oil (7-9), smoke remover ferrocene (1-2), anti-corrosion lubricating agent rapeseed sulfonated oil (4-6), cetane number improver isopropyl nitric acid (1-2). The materials are respectively added to stirring pot to stir for 15-20 minutes and fully stirring. About 45-50% of diesel oil is added to stirring pot to uniformly mix and obtain biosynthetic diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cylindrical matrix is made of carbon-hydrogen organic material having humidity of 30-50%. The through hole (11) is arranged at center of the cylindrical matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The bacterial strain uses dibutyl phthalate as sole carbon source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipopeptide biological surfactant contains 80-150 mg/L lipopeptide; and is prepared by fermentation of bacillus microorganism, where the bacillus is Bacillus subtilis (CGMCC 1.1470).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or preferably sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oil displacement system contains lipopeptide biological surfactant (6-120 mg/L), heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.01-0.15 w/v%) and base (0.8-1.2 w/v%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oil displacement system comprises polymer (0.08-0.20 w/v%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes:(A) cleaning and drying semen brassicae;(B) stirring at 200-250 degrees C for 10-15 minutes, cooling, and crushing; and(C) extracting crushed semen brassicae three times with 60-90% petroleum ether at room temperature for 20-28 hours/extraction (in which the ratio (g/ml) of material and liquor is 1:5-10), and degreasing at normal pressure; reflux extracting degreased semen brassicae three times with 95% ethanol, 50% ethanol aqueous solution, water, 100% methanol and 50% methanol aqueous solution, combining extraction liquids, and concentrating until there is no alcohol smell to obtain extract; placing extract in round bottom flask, adding 20-60% nitric acid (HNO3) aqueous solution according to extract/HNO3 aqueous solution volume ratio of 1:5-10, heating and refluxing for 5 hours, filtering, regulating pH of filtrate 8-9 with 40% sodium hydroxide, adding 20-40% potassium thiocyanate, refrigerating at 4 degrees C for 48 hours, and separating wet thiocyanate crystal of sinapine; and dissolving wet sinapine thiocyanate crystal in hot 70-90% ethanol, repeatedly recrystallizing, vacuum drying, and filtering. ACTIVITY - Antiasthmatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The fermenter further comprises grading machine wing for evenly injecting the fertilizer raw material, and is connected and fixed in stirring axis, and agitating blade for agitating the compost, and is fixed with stirring axis. The stirring axis drive is arranged on top of the fermenter, and is connected to upper supporting bearing equipped on the top of mixing area. The fermenter further comprises deodorization device located on the top of the fermenter, unit for ejecting multiple exhaust gas penetrated into upper side of the fermenter, and main exhaust pipe connected with exhaust gas hood for removing smell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The feeding ratio of the trichlorosilane to the halothane is 1:3-10. The feeding ratio of the magnesium powder to the halothane is 1:0.9-4. A ratio of the amount of ether catalyst to magnesium powder is 0.1-4:1. The mass of the added organic solvent is 10-20 times of the mass of the ether. An ethyl magnesium halide solvent is formed from magnesium powder, ether catalyst, and organic solvent at 30-170 degrees C. Trichlorosilane or mixed solution of the trichlorosilane and organic solvent is added at 0-120 degrees C. Reaction is carried out while preserving heat. The reaction product is purified by mixing the reaction liquid obtained from the condensation reaction with an ice-water mixture at less than or equal to 60 degrees C and pH of below 6, standing for layering, hydrolyzing the organic layer, layering, distilling, and collecting the distillation at 107-109 degrees C to obtain the triethyl silicane. Preferred Component: The ether catalyst is ethyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tetrahydrofuran, butyl ether, or anisole. The organic solvent is toluene, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, or petroleum ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Gordonia sihwensis is at least two different strains of Gordonia sihwensis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon composition comprises an alkane, alkene, alkyne, cycloalkane and/or aromatic hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon composition comprises drill cuttings coated with drilling fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The superheated steam has temperature of 210-350 degrees C and superheat degree of 60-250 K. The processing time of superheated steam is 10 minutes or more. Preferred Method: The chlorine vaporized within the reaction container is discharged out of the container. The solid content is further washed with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (M1): the gas or gases comprises superheated steam and/or an inert gas; and the biomass feedstock comprises wood or a wood derivative. The torrefaction step involves heating the biomass feedstock to 280-400 (preferably 320-350) degrees C. The biomass feedstock has a residence time of less than 5 minutes (preferably less than 60 seconds) in the toroidal bed reactor. The flow of fluid within the reaction chamber has a horizontal and a vertical velocity component. The chamber comprises several outwardly radiating inclined fluid inlets (9) at or adjacent a base, and the fluid is directed through the fluid inlets at the base of the chamber to generate the circumferentially directed flow of fluid within the chamber. The fluid directed through the fluid inlets is given both horizontal and vertical velocity components. The process further involves a devolatilization step of heating the biomass feedstock to 200-280 degrees C before performing step (i). The biomass feedstock is subjected to at least one pre-treatment step selected from picking, milling, screening, mixing and blending. The biomass feedstock is dried at 100-200 degrees C before use. The biomass feedstock has a water content of less than or equal to 20 preferably less than or equal to 10)% before step (i). In the step (i), an optional drying step and/or an optional devolatilizing step, produces a volatile gas from the biomass feedstock which is combusted to at least partly provide the heat required by at least one step of the process. The torrefaction of the biomass feedstock is performed as a continuous process. A final agglomerating step is performed to provide a granular or briquette-sized biofuel. The process further involves mixing the torrefied biomass with coal, preferably in an amount of from 75-90 wt.% of coal. The obtained biofuel comprises 10-25 wt.% of the biofuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The mixture is heated using microwave exposure. During manufacture of ester compound, heating is carried out after adjusting the pH of mixture to 5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional group is sulfo group or sulfo derivative group, and is chemically bonded with the carbon structure. The content of functional group is 0.1-50 wt.%. The carbon structure is carbon material having porous structure, nanotube structure, or graphite structure. The pore structure has mesopores having a hole diameter of 2-50 nm. The total pore surface area is 10-2000 m2/g, and the mesopore area is 10-100% with respect to total pore surface area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The antimicrobial stabilizer is natural antibacterial agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microorganisms are isolated from wastewater from a biodiesel manufacturing plant. Preferred Microorganisms: The microorganisms can assimilate glycerol in the presence of 15 %mass or more of glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The glycerol is contained in biodiesel waste liquid. Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves collecting hydrogen gas or the 1,3-propanediols which are generated during the decomposition process. EXAMPLE - Wastewater of biodiesel manufacturing plant was added to culture medium containing peptone (2.5 g/l), yeast extract (2.5 g/l). Enrichment culture was carried out within medium bottle which was attached to a gas collection bag at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Measurements of amount of biogas collected by the gas collection bag and the gas composition analysis by a gas chromatography were conducted, and the amount of hydrogen gas was determined. The culturing process was repeated, and the microorganisms are subcultured by adding 50 ml of culture solutions to 200 ml of new culture media at 37 degrees C for 48 hours and the generation amount of hydrogen gas was stabilized. The colony was formed. The formed colony was isolated, and seed culture was added to 20 ml container containing 10 ml of culture medium, and cultured at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The hydrogen gas contained in the empty portion of the container was quantified, and the strain which produces hydrogen gas was selected.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The drying step simultaneously with the step of transformation of waste into pellets in the pelletizer is carried out with a rotor speed of the die of 350-450 revolution/minute and a space between the rotor wheels and the matrix of less than or equal to 1/10 mm. The dehydrator having air exchange/air is coupled to the pelletizer to cool for 8-15% of the temperature of pellets for entering for reinjecting into the pelletizer by the communication bypass. The die is pierced by holes of a diameter of 6-16 mm. The rotor of the pelletizer is fixed and maintained by a hydraulic nut. Preferred Components: The wet biomass is constituted of plant residues and/or wood. The wet biomass entering in the pelletizer is constituted of plant residues comprising wood and herbs and in that the die of the pelletizer is pierced with holes of 6 mm in diameter. The wet biomass entering in the pelletizer is constituted of wood residues and the die of the pelletizer is pierced with holes of diameter of 10 or 16 mm. The pellet has a compaction of 810 and 1000 kg/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises not more than 10 wt.% of water. Preferred Components: The biomass material is 15000-20000 kJ/kg. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: a soaking chamber for soaking biomass in a solvent to produce soaked biomass, and a first connection for conveying the soaked biomass to the washing subassembly; a densifier (216) designed to densify the combustible biomaterial to produce biocoal, where the densifier is a pelletizer designed to produce biocoal pellets; a drying chamber designed to dry the inorganic-material-depleted ruptured biomass and produce dried-inorganic-material-depleted ruptured biomass, and a second connection for conveying inorganic-material-depleted ruptured biomass from the washing subassembly to the drying chamber; and a third connection for conveying the dried-inorganic-material-depleted ruptured biomass to the pyrolyzing subassembly, which is configured to operate in absence of oxygen. The biomass washing subassembly further comprises: a conveyer belt that is designed to advance many bins after concluding washing of at least one of the discrete amount of biomass contained inside one of the bins; many sieves, each of which is located below one of the bins or fitted to bottom of any one of the bins; many collection chambers, each of which is disposed below one of the bins and is designed to collect an effluent stream produced from washing of the single discrete amount of biomass; many heaters which are located below some of the collection chambers, where each heater is designed to heat the effluent stream produced from washing of the single discrete amount of biomass; and a first effluent dispenser connected to the first pump and configured to dispense the first effluent stream, where all steps are performed in a single chamber or apparatus. The interior of each of the bins is coated with an acid resistant material. The solvent dispenser is a spray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The biofuel includes oleic acid methyl ester or linoleic acid methyl ester. The biofuel is selected one among rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, corn oil and olive oil. The hydrocarbon fuel is light oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Chaff, water and binder is mixed and extrusion-molding is performed to obtain refuse-derived fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises mixing the bio-coal with at least one coal to form a new coal. The carbonizing is carried out by heating at 400-800 degrees C supported by a heating rate of 10-50 degrees C/minute, under an inert atmosphere. The predetermined size of the particles is less than 320 mu m. The particle size of the new coal mixed with the bio-coal is less than 320 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition is in liquid phase or in solid phase suitable for storage within a portable cartridge. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first catalyst of step (c) is a metal catalyst, which is palladium, iridium, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, rhodium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, gold, and/or mercury. The strong acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or trifluoroacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) further comprises adding a second catalyst and an aprotic solvent to the reaction mixture of step (b) in addition to the first catalyst; where the second catalyst is a strong acid catalyst. The method further comprises adding hydrogen gas to the reaction mixture of step (c); cooling the reaction mixture of step (b) to room temperature before step (c). The hydrogenolysis step comprises adding hydrogen to the reaction mixture comprising the ester of step (d1); adding the metal catalyst, to the reaction mixture comprising the ester of step (d). Preferred Components: The carboxylic acid of step (a) is formic acid or acetic acid. The second catalyst is a strong acid catalyst. EXAMPLE - 5-(Hydroxymethyl)fufural (0.25 g), formic acid (0.76 ml), sulfuric acid (13.8 mu l), tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and palladium/carbon (Pd/C) (0.4 g) were stirred under reflux for 15 hours. Pd/C was removed by filtration. The solvent was removed by distillation at 90 degrees C, and the residue of 2,5-dimethyl furan was a pale yellow liquid (0.16 g, 88%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon fine particles have diameter of 10-500 nm. Preferred Process: The microbubbles of gas containing nitrogen and having diameter of 10-500 nm are supplied to water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of the organic substance is measured, before performing biological treatment process in low concentration wastewater-treatment line. When the concentration of organic substance is higher than a predetermined concentration, at least one portion of the wastewater is introduced to the physicochemical oxidative-degradation process in the high concentration wastewater-treatment line. The wastewater contains inorganic type chemical which is introduced to an inorganic type wastewater-treatment line. The method further involves removing ions from wastewater in inorganic type wastewater-treatment line. The method further involves performing reverse osmosis membrane treatment to drain permeation process in high concentration wastewater-treatment line. The physicochemical oxidative-degradation process oxidatively decomposes organic substance using UV-ray or ozone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further includes: a valve (120) in the inlet to the pump; at least one additional deflector positioned to intercept the flow of the algae and water after the flow is deflected by the first deflector, thus causing further disruption of the algae; a float switch positioned on the tank so that when the tank is full, where the float switch will open and disconnect the source of energy from the pump; and a system separate from the first-named system for extracting additional oil from the residue, which comprises means for drying and pulverizing the residue, means for reconstituting the pulverized residue with water, means for boiling the pulverized residue and water mixture, means for cooling the mixture, thus allowing additional oil to rise to the surface of the mixture, and means for harvesting the additional oil. The outlet of the pump comprises at least two sections that are joined by a coupler. The deflector is made from materials comprising metals, plastics or glasses. The impingement surface of the deflector is smooth or textured. The pump is arranged to pump the oil-containing algae and water from the collection station against the impingement surface with sufficient force to rupture at least a portion of the algae, thus resulting in the release of the mixture from the impingement surface. The collection station holds a quantity of the oil-containing algae and water. The system further comprises a head or housing, where the deflectors are mounted in the head or housing, the head or housing has an outlet port for releasing the oil, the water, and the residue into the tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solution used for treating the cellulose biomaterial includes ammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The AOB is genetically modified to include at least one of a 2-keto-acid decarboxylase gene and an alcohol dehydrogenase gene. The AOB is substantially Nitrosomonas europaea. The AOB are genetically modified to be able to utilize hydrogen as an electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves: electrochemically reducing the nitrite to a second source of ammonia, and feeding the second source of ammonia to the AOB, where the second source of ammonia serves as a mediator for transferring electrons to the AOB; fermenting the AOB biomass to produce a mixture including volatile fatty acids, and fermenting the mixture of volatile fatty acids to produce a second biofuel (preferably butanol); maximizing nitrite production and minimizing nitrate production while producing at least the biofuel, nitrite, and an AOB biomass; and producing at least one of a long chain alcohol and an alkane. The method (M2) further involves: fermenting the AOB biomass to produce a mixture including volatile fatty acids; and fermenting the mixture of volatile fatty acids to produce a second chemical. Preferred Components: The mixture of volatile fatty acids includes acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Preferred System: The electrochemical reactor includes a cathode formed substantially from at least one of nickel and glassy carbon. The bioreactor is configured to maximize the production of nitrite and minimize the production of nitrate. In the system, the first source of ammonia obtained substantially from an ammonia-rich stream derived from a wastewater treatment process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Soaps and detergents are produces from the fatty acids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one component of dicarboxylic acid is derived from biomass resources. The dicarboxylic acid contains succinic acid derived from biomass resources. The organic acid contains 3 or more active hydrogen groups in a molecule, and is malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid. The content of organic acid unit is more than 0 mol% to 0.09 mol% with respect to dicarboxylic acid unit in biomass-derived polyurethane. The aliphatic diol unit contains ethylene glycol unit and/or 1,4-butanediol unit Preferred Properties: The biomass-derived polyurethane has yellowing index of 20 or less based on JIS-K7105, and molecular weight distribution of 1.5-3.5, measured based on gel permeation chromatography, number average molecular weight of 500-5000, and Hazen color number of 50 or less, measured based on JIS-K0101.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane comprises a dicarboxylic acid unit, an aliphatic diol unit, a polyisocyanate unit, and organic acid unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pipe doubles as an air duct and a wiring duct. The accommodating chamber is kept under a negative pressure, and the first and second electric component compartments are kept under a positive pressure. Preferred Method: In the method, when the water electrolysis apparatus is shut down and the water electrolysis system enters a standby mode, the electric component compartment is continuously ventilated and the accommodating chamber stops being ventilated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The amount of gas stream generated, the methane gas content, the power data of a machine/unit processing the biogas, the extent of forming a floating layer and the residual biogas potential in a digestate are recorded as measured variables. The control unit varies the speed of the stirring mechanism. The control unit turns on at least one additional stirring mechanism. The control unit varies the amount and/or the composition of the supplied substrate and/or recirculate, and/or biochemically or physically alters the flow characteristics of the fermentation substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The sludge comprises beer sludge and sewage sludge at mass ratio of 1:1. The agricultural soil comprises clay and sandy soil, in which the clay is 5 mass% higher than that of sandy soil. The coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are transmitted to a concrete mixing plant and a stabilized soil mixing plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The hot water thermal-storing device is supplied heat by biomass energy furnace and supplied heat and conveyed by hot water of heat supply system. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The waste mycelium is fungus mycelium prepared from cellulase after liquid fermentation by filtering. The fungus is Aspergillus, mold or Trichoderma. The biogas residue is the solid component obtained from waste material discharged in biogas fermenting process by solid and liquid separation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The potassium mineral powder is potash feldspar mineral powder, nepheline mineral powder, polyhalite mineral powder, or andalusite mineral powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The ammonia fertilizer is at least one of urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate. The phosphate fertilizer is at least one of superphosphate, ground phosphate rock, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, and triple superphosphate with phosphorus. The potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and potassium chloride with potassium. The zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and copper fertilizer are inorganic or organic micro-fertilizer of corresponding element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw is at least one of rice, wheat, grape, sweet potato, corn, peanut, lima bean, pea, and soybean straw crushed or cut into less than 5 cm. The livestock and poultry excrement is at least one of pig, cow, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose, horse, and goat excrement with water content of 5-30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high-water absorbing resin is sodium polyacrylate, poly-potassium acrylate, starch graft sodium acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, and/or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (pts. wt.): chitosan (5), Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor (50) and water (49.5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: the organic improving unit is obtained by taking livestock waste (20-80%) as fermenting unit 1; taking mixture of bean cake, corn powder, plant oil, wheat bran, mycoprotein and rice bran powder (20-80%) as fermenting unit 2; performing aerobic fermentation; keeping at 55-70 degrees C for 10-15 days; and continuously turning everyday to increase oxygen and disperse water until the water content is less than 20% to obtain organic substrate. The organic potassium microelement fertilizer unit comprises organic potassium plant ash refined from special plant, containing 15-30% of potassium and simultaneously rich in microelements (silicon, calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese). The nematode unit contains nematocide, Bacillus thuringiensis and streptomycete preparation capable of killing yam Pratylenchus scribneri and streptomycete preparation. The yellow water blister resistant unit is Paecilomyces lilacinus preparation compound comprising special organic salicylic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: There are 2.44x 109-2.27x 109/ml of bacterial colonies of three types of bacteria. An OD600 of Bacillus subtilis is 0.567 and OD560 value of saccharomycetes is 0.545. The drought resistance of the lawn plant includes content of propanediol and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. The lawn plants are ryegrass and Festuca arundinacea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is a product or a byproduct of the production of biodiesel or of the extraction of oils of vegetable origin. The biomass is the glycerol that is result of the production of biodiesel. The biomass is a semiprocessed product or an intermediate or a byproduct of the extraction of starches or sugars. The biomass is molasses, still slops, a solution of glucose or dextrose or saccharose or starch. (I) consists of menadione, menadione sodium bisulfite (both preferred), menadione potassium bisulfite, menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite, menadione nicotinic acid bisulfite and/or menadione diphosphate. The compound is present at 1-50000 (1-1000) ppm expressed as weight of menadione/total weight of the biomass and of the compound. The biomass can be used for the production of ethanol or alcoholic beverages by means of Saccharomyces and the concentration of the compound is comprised of 10-500 (preferably 10-400) ppm expressed as weight of menadione/total weight of the biomass and of the compound. (I) is menadione sodium bisulfite, at least one yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process involves deprotecting phthaloyl amlodipine using a total concentration of 25% aqueous monomethyl amine in reaction mixture to precipitate amlodipine free base; treating amlodipine free base with an acid (preferably benzenesulfonic acid) in aqueous medium in a ratio of 1-1.5 (preferably 1.1-1.2) M to obtain corresponding salts; and purifying the amlodipine salts, where the molar quantity of monomethyl amine is 25% in total reaction mass. The deprotection is carried out in water and the salt is isolated by precipitation. The process involves stirring crude amlodipine acid addition salt with methanol at 50-55 degrees C, filtering it, evaporating methanol under reduced pressure followed by stirring the resulting residual mass with ethyl acetate at room temperature. 50% of ethyl acetate is distilled out prior to filtering the product followed by washing with ethyl acetate. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Antianginal. No biological data is given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Calcium channel blocker.    EXAMPLE - Phthaloyl amlodipine (50 g) was charged into a flask. To this, was added 40% monomethyl amine solution (125 ml) followed by 75 ml purified water at room temp and stirred well to get proper slurry. Heated the reaction mass upto 40-45 degrees C for 4.5 hours under stirring and monitored the reaction. After completion, the reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and further chilled to 15-20 degrees C for 1 hour. The precipitate thus obtained was filtered and washed with chilled purified water to get amlodipine free base (47.5 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is derived from paddy rice, wheat, rape, sweet potato, corn, peanut, lima bean, pea, and/or soybean which are ground or cut to less than or equal to 5 cm. The animal manure is from pig, cow, rabbit, chicken, goose, duck, horse, and/or sheep; and has water content of 5-30%. The nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide, potassium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate, and/or ammonium sulfate. The phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium phosphate, phosphorus ore powder, calcium perphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer, and/or triple superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The gene is on recombinant plasmid or combined on chromosome. The strain is obtained by transferring the expression vector on host microorganism, where the host microorganism is Mycobacterium selected from Mycobacterium NwIB-0.1.CH01-405 or Mycobacterium NwIB-0.1.CH02-405. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - The gene comprises a defined nucleotide sequence of 2446 or 2252 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3), and encodes cholesterol oxidase consisting of a defined sequence of 581 or 538 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4), where sequences are given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The medical components consists of (pts. wt.) radix bupleuri (30), large-headed atractylodes rhizome (30), radix paeoniae alba (30), A. sinensis (30), P. cocos (30), licorice (15), M. haplocalyx (10) and ginger (10). The obtained extract comprises liquiritin, p-cymene, menthol crystal, inversed anise camphor, camphene, phellandrene, single caryophyllene, scented wood p-alkene, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methylphenol, aromadendrene, caryophyllene oxide, piperitenone, longifolene, caryphyllene, beta -guaiene, beta -cedrene, atractylon, Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, linoleic acid ethylester, dibutylphthalic ester, butyl phthalyl butylglycolate, dibutyl phthalate, hexadecanoic acid, butenolide I, butenolide II, butenolide III, methyl linoleate and palmitic acid. ACTIVITY - Antidepressant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The yest is Saccharomyces. The first fermentation is controlled at 25-35 degrees C and lasts for 7-15 days. The second fermentation is controlled at 45-50 degrees C and lasts for 20-50 days. The moisture during the fermentation is about 28%-33%. The temperature for the fermentation process should be controlled below 15 degrees C and above 60 degrees C for guaranteeing the activity of the flora. The finished product is a half-dried substance in brown or black-brown color and has a certain flavor. The pile is turned over during the fermentation process and 5-10% of sugar mid (slag) dry powder, phosphorite powder, or manganese slag powder is mixed to adjust the humidity and the temperature. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.