TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the lithium ion battery, after 600 cycles, the negative electrode comprises no more than 0.25 wt.% of transition metals from the positive electrode. The negative electrode can be removed and electrochemically de-intercalated/de-alloyed with a capacity of at least 2.5%, preferably at least 0.5% of the negative electrode capacity with the corresponding removal of lithium from the negative electrode. The positive electrode has a room temperature specific discharge capacity at the 200th cycle that is at least 92.5% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from 5th-200th cycle at a C/3 rate from 2-4.5 V. The positive electrode has a room temperature specific discharge capacity at the 400th cycle that is at least 90% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from the 5th-400th cycle at a C/3 rate. The lithium ion battery further comprises supplemental lithium. The battery has a room temperature specific discharge capacity at the 175th cycle that is at least 75% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from the 5th-175th cycle at a 1 C rate from 2-4.5 V. The battery has a room temperature specific discharge capacity at the 175th cycle that is at least 85% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from the 5th-175th cycle at a 1 C rate from 2-4.5 V. The battery has a specific discharge capacity at the 45th cycle that is at least 90% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from the 5th-45th cycle at a C/3 rate at a temperature of 55 degrees C from 2-4.5 V. The battery has a specific discharge capacity of at least 260 in gravimetric capacity per gram (mAh/g) at the 5th cycle and a specific discharge capacity at the 45th cycle that is at least 95% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity when discharged from the 5th-45th cycle at a C/3 rate at a temperature of 55 degrees C from 2-4.5 V. In the lithium ion battery, 300-600 cycles the positive electrode active material has a specific discharge capacity of at least 90 mAh/g of 2.5-3 V. The negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon. The positive electrode comprises lithium metal oxide having a structure of formulae (Li1+bNiaMn beta CocAdO2), and (xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMO2). In the lithium ion battery, after cycling the battery for 20 cycles from 2-4.5 V and after fully discharging the battery to 2 V, the negative electrode can be removed and discharged with a specific capacity of at least 1 mAh/g with the corresponding removal of lithium from the negative electrode. The negative electrode comprises silicon.b = 0.05-0.3;alpha = 0-0.4;beta = 0.2-0.65;gamma = 0-0.46;delta = 0-0.15;A = Mg, Sr, Ba, Cd, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr, Ti, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Cr, Fe, V and/or Li;x = 0 or 1; andM = metal ions having an average valance of +3.