TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluid includes a component selected from sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, calcium hydroxide, and/or aqueous ammonia. The fluid includes a component selected from oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The biomass treatment device further comprises a flange located above the nanomixer turbine adapted to shape the flow of biomass/sodium hydroxide solution slurry from the processing chamber into the continuous flow outlet port; a motor adapted to drive a mixing surface of the nanomixer turbine at 10-50 m/s; and an ultrasonic energy source coupled to the processing chamber. The processing chamber is sealed to provide a controlled temperature and pressure during operation. The processing chamber is configured to produce a supercritical fluid during operation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nanomixing involves mixing using a turbine nanomixer. The turbine nanomixer operates at turbine speeds of 10-50 m/s. The mixing temperature is 25-100 degrees C and a mixing pressure is one atmosphere. The combining step involves continuously flowing an amount of biomass and an amount of fluid through the processing chamber, where nanomixing the biomass and the fluid occurs as the amount of biomass and amount of fluid flow through the processing chamber. The amount of nanomixing is controlled by regulating a flow rate through the processing chamber. The mixing is performed at not greater than 18000 revolutions per minute. Preferred Components: The pores have a diameter of not greater than 5 microns. The fluid has an acidic pH or basic pH. The fluid is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and/or phosphoric acid; and anthraquinone (AQ). The ionic liquid is selected from pyridinium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, and/or 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bromide. The fluid is an ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluid includes polyelectrolytes such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC), and/or polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.