TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is selected from copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, and zinc (preferably iron).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system further comprises a regeneration unit in communication with the pyrolysis reactor, adapted to regenerate the transition metal from a transition metal oxide formed during pyrolysis, and to supply the regenerated transition metal to the pyrolysis reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the pyrolysis is carried out as a fast pyrolysis reaction; the pyrolysis is carried out under plasma conditions, using the microwave energy; the feedstock, prior to pyrolysis, contains oxygen at a level of 10-50%, based on the total solids weight of the feedstock; pyrolysis of the feedstock produces a composition comprising bio-oils, light hydrocarbons, and char; the transition metal is oxidized during pyrolysis, to form a transition metal oxide; the transition metal is regenerated from the oxide, after pyrolysis; the regeneration of the transition metal is carried out by a reduction reaction which reduces the transition metal oxide; at least a portion of the energy required for the reduction reaction is supplied by combustion of at least one product of the feedstock pyrolysis; the pyrolysis product which is combusted for the reduction reaction comprises light hydrocarbons; at least a portion of the pyrolysis product is subjected to at least one upgrading step; the upgrading step comprises hydro-treating; the hydro-treating step is followed by a hydro-isomerization step; the hydro-isomerization step is followed by at least one separation step, to separate at least some of the isomerization products. The integrated process for producing a fuel composition from a feedstock material comprising at least one of biomass and municipal solid waste, involves pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a transition metal, using microwave energy, so that the level of oxygen in at least one product of the pyrolysis is reduced, while the transition metal is oxidized, where the pyrolysis product comprises bio-oils, light hydrocarbons, and char. The method involves regenerating the transition metal by subjecting the oxidized transition metal to a reduction reaction, where the reduction reaction is at least partly energized by the combustion of a portion of the light hydrocarbons. It involves upgrading the bio-oil product to a liquid fuel, by an upgrading process which comprises hydro-treating, hydro-isomerization; and separation of isomerization products. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.