TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a palladium catalyst. The catalyst is provided in an amount of or less than 0.1 mole%, preferably less than or equal to 15 mole%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-fluorous solvents/non-fluorous continuous phase is water (preferred), acetone, toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, hexanes, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and/or acetonitrile. The organic solvent is water, acetone, toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, hexanes, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and/or acetonitrile. The fluorous solvent/fluorous non-continuous phase is perfluorohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluorodecalin, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoroalkyl halides (e.g. perfluorooctyl bromide), perfluorotoluene, perfluoro-2-methyl pentane, perfluorobenzene, perfluoro(1,3-dimethylcyclohexane), and/or 2H,3H-perfluororpentane. The surfactant is perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, perfluorododecanoic acid, perfluorotetradecanoic acid, perfluorohexadecanoic acid, perfluorooctadecanoic acid, perfluorosuccinic acid, perfluoroglutaric acid, perfluoroadipic acid, perfluorosuberic acid, perfluoroazelaic acid, perfluorosebacic acid, methyl perfluoroheptanoate, methyl perfluorooctanoate, methyl perfluorononanoate, methyl perfluorodecanoate, methyl perfluoroundecanoate, methyl perfluorododecanoate, methyl perfluorotridecanoate, methyl perfluorotetradecanoate, methyl perfluoropentadecanoate, methyl perfluorohexadecanoate, methyl perfluorooctadecanoate, dimethyl perfluorosuccinate, dimethyl perfluoroglutarate, dimethyl perfluoroadipate, dimethyl perfluorosuberate, dimethyl perfluoroazelate, dimethyl perfluorosebacate, perfluoro-1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester or dimethyl perfluorododecanedioate, preferably 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorononaoic acid. At least a portion of the surface of the non-continuous fluorous phase is functionalized with at least one surface-altering moiety. The surface-altering moieties/biological recognition element may be targeting moiety for detection, imaging, and/or treatment of a disorder or disease in a subject and/or tissue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polymer comprises: providing a first solution comprising an organic solvent, a catalyst, and at least a first type of monomer; providing a second solution comprising a fluorous solvent and at least a second type of monomer; mixing the first and second solutions under conditions and for a period of time sufficient to allow for a luminescent polymer to form, where the luminescent polymer comprises at least a portion of the first type of monomer and at least a portion of the second type of monomer; allowing the first and second solutions to phase separate; and isolating the polymer from the fluorous solvent. Preferred Components: (I) has solubility in non-fluorous solvents of less than 0.01 mg/ml. (I) is a polyarylene ethynylene. The sum of the first and second heights is at least 5 Angstrom , preferably at least 6.5 Angstrom . The pi-backbone is essentially free from pi-stacking. (I) comprises at least one iptycene repeating unit incorporated into the polymer. The iptycene repeating unit incorporated into the polymer has a structure of formula (A) or (B). (I) comprises a repeating unit having a structure of formula (C) or (D). (I) comprises a pi-backbone having a structure of formula (E). (I) has a structure of formula (F)-(H) or (H1). (I) has a structure of formula (J). In formula (A)-(H) and (H1):R20 = H, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms);W1a, W1-W4 = CH or CH2;bond with dotted line = single or double bond;R2-R17, R22 = H, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkoxyl, aryl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms), where R2 and R4 is alkyl, optionally fluorinated or R6-R9 is hydrogen and/or R14-R17 is hydrogen;A, C1, L, Q = aryl;B1, D, K1, T1 = carbon-carbon double bond and a carbon-carbon triple bond;a, b, s, v = 0-4, provided not all of a, b, s, and v are zero;n = less than 10000;at least one of E, F1, M, P1 = first and second group, where at least one of E, F1, M and P1 includes a bicyclic ring system having aromatic or non-aromatic groups, and each E, F1, M and P1 group is or is optionally substituted by one or more R22;R18, R19, R23 = alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkoxyl, aryl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms), where R18 and R19 both is C6F13 or R18 is C6F13 and R19 is -OC14H27; andk = 1-100, preferably 1-5.In formula (J):G, H1, I1, J = aryl or cycloalkyl groups (both optionally substituted by R21), where G is aryl group of formula (G1)-(G6), and I1 and J are aryl group of formula (J1)-(J8), -CH2-CH2-, -CH2- or -CH=CH-;R21 = H, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms);d = 1 or 2;d1, d2 = 0 or 1, such that when d1 is 0, d2 is 0, and when d1 is 1, d2 is 0 or 1; andc = 1-10000.Where at least one of R1-R22 is -C2F5, -CH2CF3, -C3F7, -(CH2)2CF3, -C4F9, -(CH2)2(CF2)CF3, -(CH2)3CF3, -(CH2)2(CHF)CF3, -C5F11, -(CH2)2(CF2)2CF3, -C6F13, -(CH2)2(CF2)3CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)4CF3, -C7F15, -(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)9CF3, -(CH2)3(CF2)4CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)2(CF3CF2CF2)CF(CF2)2CF3, -C8F17, -C9F19, -C10F21, -C11F23 or -C12F25. The polymer (II) has a structure of formula (K)-(O). In formula (K)-(O):R24, R25 = H, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms), where R24 is preferably -C2F5, -CH2CF3, -C3F7, -(CH2)2CF3, -C4F9, -(CH2)2(CF2)CF3, -(CH2)3CF3, -(CH2)2(CHF)CF3, -C5F11, -(CH2)2(CF2)2CF3, -C6F13, -(CH2)2(CF2)3CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)4CF3, -C7F15, -(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)9CF3, -(CH2)3(CF2)4CF3, -(CH2)2(CF2)2(CF3CF2CF2)CF(CF2)2CF3, -C8F17, -C9F19, -C10F21, -C11F23, -C12F25 or C6H13 (preferred) and R25 is preferably -C8H17; andn, m, o = at least 1.The polymer has a fluorine content of greater than 55%, preferably greater than 85%, by mass. The polymer has a solubility in non-fluorous solvents of less than 0.10 mg/ml, preferably less than 0.001 mg/ml. The polymer has a solubility in fluorous solvents of greater than 0.1 mg/ml, preferably 0.5-1 mg/ml. The polymer is luminescent. The quantum yield of the luminescent polymer is greater than 65%, preferably greater than 95%. The polymer further comprises at least one capping-group. The luminescent polymer is the polymer (I)/(II). The quantum yield of the luminescent polymer is greater than 65%, preferably greater than 95%. The luminescent polymer comprises at least one biological recognition element, where the biological recognition element is at the solvent interface between the fluorous non-continuous phase and the non-fluorous continuous phase. Preferred Process: The mixing step involves heating the reaction to a temperature of is greater than 35 degrees C, preferably greater than 120 degrees C. The process is carried out for at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 1 week. Preferred Composition: The emulsion is stable for at least 1 minute, preferably at least 2 months, at a temperature of 25 degrees C and a pressure of 1 atm. The emulsion has a zeta-potential of plus minus 30 mV, plus minus 35 mV, plus minus 40 mV, plus minus 45 mV, plus minus 50 mV, plus minus 55 mV, plus minus 60 mV, plus minus 65 mV or plus minus 70 mV. The discontinuous fluorous phase comprises droplets having an average cross-sectional dimension of the droplets of greater than 50 nm, preferably greater than 500 microns. The emulsion is formed using sonication. The emulsion is formed by addition of a fluorous solvent containing comprising a polymer to a non-fluorous solvent, optionally heated and/or optionally comprising a surfactant. The emulsion further comprises a surfactant. The composition further comprises a non-fluorous continuous phase. The fluorescent entity comprises the polymer contained within the fluorous discontinuous phase. The emulsion further comprises at least one fluorophore. The polymer undergoes fluorescence resonance energy transfer with the fluorophore. The fluorophore is present at less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 0.1 wt.% of the polymer. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the polymer is oral, by direct injection into body tissue, topical, transcutaneous or intravenous. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - A flame-dried 100 ml Schlenk vessel with screw-on cap under argon was charged with an iptycene monomer of formula (X) (74.35 mg), 1,4-diiodo-2,5-bis-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-heptyl)-benzene (37.67 mg), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (2.3 mg), and copper iodide (0.40 mg). In a glove box, perfluoromethylcyclohexane (6 ml), toluene (10 ml), and diisopropyl amine (2 ml) were added. The vessel was removed from the glove box and was stirred vigorously at 85 degrees C for 3 days. The reaction mixture, which was initially biphasic, became monophasic at 82 degrees C. After allowing to cool down to room temperature, 10 ml of perfluorooctane was added. The fluorous (lower) phase, which was fluorescent, was subsequently removed and was washed 3 times with methanol (5 ml each), 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 ml each), and 3 times with acetone (5 ml each). Removal of the fluorous solvents under reduced pressure yielded a polymer as a yellow film.