TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprise: providing a second light absorbing dye proximate to the region of graphene molecules, and proximate the first light absorbing dye, where the second light absorbing dye is different from the first light absorbing dye; transmitting excitons emitted by the first light absorbing dye to the second light absorbing dye for causing the second light absorbing dye to emit a second round of excitons; and using the trapping dye to trap the second round of excitons emitted by the second light absorbing dye. Preferred Components: The pigment layer includes at least a second dye different from the first dye included in the exciton trapping region. The solar cell includes a light concentrating cover sheet overlying the transparent upper electrode to focus incoming light toward the pigment layer, where the light concentrating sheet is made of a transparent polymer or a glass. In the solar cell: the first dye in the exciton trapping region traps excitons that are within a predetermined exciton wavelength spectrum; and the pigment layer emits excitons within the predetermined exciton wavelength spectrum. The exciton trapping region and the pigment layer are joined together to form a combined layer of material. The transparent upper electrode includes: a transparent sheet of material having upper and lower opposing surfaces, where the lower surface is disposed proximate to the graphene layer; and a transparent, electrically-conductive layer formed upon the lower surface of the transparent sheet, where the transparent sheet is made of polymer or glass. The upper surface of the transparent sheet includes at least one lens to focus incoming light downwardly through the transparent sheet toward the pigment layer, where at least one lens is a Fresnel lens to intercept and transmit incident light from a wide array of angles. The transparent sheet of material is a plastic Fresnel lens sheet. The pigment layer includes at least two distinct patches of dyes where: the first patch includes a second dye different from the first dye included in the exciton trapping region, and the second dye absorbing photons of light within one portion of the first wavelength spectrum and emitting excitons in response to them; and the second patch includes a third dye different from the first dye included in the exciton trapping region and different from the second dye, and the third dye absorbing photons of light within a second portion of the first wavelength spectrum and emitting excitons in response to them. In the solar cell: the transparent upper electrode includes a peripheral edge surrounding the transparent upper electrode; the backing electrode includes a peripheral edge surrounding the backing electrode; the peripheral edges of the transparent upper electrode and the backing electrode are generally aligned with each other; and the solar cell further includes a sealant formed over and around the peripheral edges of the transparent upper electrode and the backing electrode to encapsulate the solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electrically conductive layer is formed of a thin film of indium tungsten oxide. The first and second patches are separated from each other by a space, where a combination of graphene and the first dye is provided within such space. The solar cell further includes an anionic polyelectrolyte between the backing electrode and the pigment layer to transfer electrons from backing electrode to the pigment layer. The anionic polyelectrolyte is acidic to provide sacrificial electron donors, where the anionic polyelectrolyte includes electron carriers comprising of quaternary ammonium, barium halides, calcium halides, salts, ionic liquids or imidazoles. The anionic polyelectrolyte includes polyphosphazene in liquid form or in gel form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second and third dyes are pigments comprising of porphyrin pigments, carotene pigments or phenylenediamines. The solar cell includes: silicone moieties to form a rubbery network; a photoactive semiconductor polymer within the pigment layer, where the photoactive semiconductor polymer is pentacene. The first dye includes squaraine dyes or croconylium dyes. The backing electrode is formed as a metalized polymer sheet or as a metal sheet.