NOVELTY - The graphene-on-substrate comprises a substrate (11), a first intermediate layer (15) disposed on the substrate, a graphene (14) disposed on the first intermediate layer, and a second intermediate layer (17) disposed on the graphene. The first intermediate layer: comprises a material that has a polarity value between a polarity of the substrate and a polarity of the graphene; has a thickness of 0.6-10 nm; and is disposed between the substrate and the graphene. The first and second intermediate layers: have a contact angle (25-95 degrees ) with water.    USE - The graphene-on-substrate is useful as a transparent electrode of a transistor, a dye-sensitized solar cell (all claimed) and a display device, where the transistor is FET and the display device is an electronic paper display device, an organic light emitting device and LCD device.    ADVANTAGE - The graphene-on-substrate exhibits excellent adhesion properties, transparency, hydrophobic characteristics and binding characteristics, improves performance and electrical conductivity of the transistor, and enhances luminance efficiency of the display devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The graphene-on-substrate comprises a substrate (11), a first intermediate layer (15) disposed on the substrate, a graphene (14) disposed on the first intermediate layer, and a second intermediate layer (17) disposed on the graphene. The first intermediate layer: comprises a material that has a polarity value between a polarity of the substrate and a polarity of the graphene; has a thickness of 0.6-10 nm; and is disposed between the substrate and the graphene. The first and second intermediate layers: have a contact angle (25-95 degrees ) with water and a single-layer structure and/or a multi-layer structure; and are films comprising flakes. The polarity value of the first intermediate layer is 20-80% of an entire polarity range between the polarity of the graphene and the polarity of the substrate. The substrate is a metal oxide-based substrate, a silica-based substrate and a plastic substrate. The graphene has a thickness corresponding to a thickness of 2-30 layers of single-layer graphene, and is disposed between the first and second intermediate layers. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a transistor; and    (2) a dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a graphene-on-substrate.    Substrate (11)    Graphene (14)    First intermediate layer (15)    Second intermediate layer. (17)