TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further involves introducing at least one additive selected from acids, bases, and/or their salts. The process (P1) further involves introducing at least one additive selected from metal, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and/or metal halide. The additive is selected to maintain the structural integrity or mechanical strength of the high-carbon biogenic reagent relative to the feedstock. The presence of the additive in the process increases the carbon content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent compared to an otherwise-identical process without introduction of the additive. The presence of the additive in the process increases the energy content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent compared to an otherwise-identical process without introduction of the additive. The additive is introduced in an aqueous solution, vapor, or aerosol to assist with cooling of the warm pyrolyzed solids. The additive is introduced to the cool pyrolyzed solids to form the high-carbon biogenic reagent containing the additive. Preferred Components: The additive is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, sodium silicate, and/or potassium permanganate. The additive is selected from magnesium, manganese, aluminum, nickel, chromium, silicon, boron, cerium, molybdenum, phosphorus, tungsten, vanadium, iron chloride, iron bromide, magnesium oxide, dolomite, dolomitic lime, fluorite, fluorospar, bentonite, calcium oxide, and/or lime. The carbon-containing product has: higher total carbon content than the carbon-containing material; higher fixed carbon content than the carbon-containing material; and higher volatile carbon content than the carbon-containing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system further comprises a preheating zone, disposed in operable communication with the pyrolysis zone, where each of the pyrolysis zone, the cooling zone, and the preheating zone is located within a single biomass processing unit; and/or is located in separate biomass processing units. The dryer is present and is configured as a drying zone within the multiple-zone reactor. The cooling zone is configured with a gas inlet, and where the pyrolysis zone is configured with a gas outlet, to generate countercurrent flow of the gas phase relative to the solid phase. The cooling zone is configured with a gas inlet, and where the preheating zone is configured with a gas outlet, to generate countercurrent flow of the gas phase relative to the solid phase. The cooling zone is configured with a gas inlet, and where the drying zone is configured with a gas outlet, to generate countercurrent flow of the gas phase relative to the solid phase. The material-enrichment unit comprises: (i) a housing with an upper portion and a lower portion; (ii) an inlet at a bottom of the lower portion of the housing configured to carry the condensable vapors and non-condensable gases; (iii) an outlet at a top of the upper portion of the housing configured to carry a concentrated gas stream derived from the condensable vapors and non-condensable gases; (iv) a path defined between the upper portion and the lower portion of the housing; and (v) a material transport system following the path, the transport system configured to transport the solids, where the housing is shaped such that the solids adsorb at least some of the condensable vapors and/or at least some of the non-condensable gases.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first output stream comprises the condensable vapors, and the second output stream comprises the non-condensable gases. The condensable vapors include at least one carbon-containing compound selected from terpenes, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, or ketones. The non-condensable gases include at least one carbon-containing molecule selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. The first output stream comprises polar compounds, and where the second output stream comprises non-polar compounds. The polar compounds include at least one carbon-containing molecule selected from methanol, furfural, and acetic acid. The non-polar compounds include at least one carbon-containing molecule selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, a terpene, and a terpene derivative. The intermediate feed stream comprises all of the condensable vapors generated in the pyrolysis zone. The intermediate feed stream comprises all of the non-condensable gases generated in the pyrolysis zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the step h) includes: passing at least a portion of the condensable vapors from step e), in vapor and/or condensed form, across the warm pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon and/or energy content; passing at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from step e) across the warm pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon and/or energy content; passing at least a portion of the condensable vapors from step e), in vapor and/or condensed form, across the cool pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon and/or energy content; passing at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from step e) across the cool pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon and/or energy content; passing all of the condensable vapors from step (e), in vapor and/or condensed form, across the cool pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon and/or energy content; and passing all of the non-condensable gases from step e) across the cool pyrolyzed solids, to produce enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon content. The process (P1) further involves recovering energy from the condensable vapors for use in the process; recovering energy from the non-condensable gases; and introducing an intermediate feed stream consisting of at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases, obtained from step e), to a separation unit configured to generate at least first and second output streams, where the first and second output streams are separated based on relative volatility. In the process (P1), at least a portion of the second output stream is recycled to step d) for use as the inert gas. The first and second output streams are separated based on relative polarity. The step h) increases the total carbon and/or energy content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent, relative to an otherwise-identical process without step h); increases the fixed carbon content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent, relative to an otherwise-identical process without step h); and increases the energy content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent, relative to an otherwise-identical process without step h). The process (P1) further involves monitoring and controlling the process with at least one reaction gas probe. In the process (P2), the carbon-containing material is previously pyrolyzed biomass. The gas stream is obtained during an integrated process that provides the carbon-containing material. The gas stream is obtained from separate processing of the carbon-containing material. The gas stream is obtained from an external source. The process (P2) further involves recycling or reusing the gas stream for repeating the process to further increase carbon and/or energy content of the carbon-containing product; recycling or reusing the gas stream for carrying out the process to increase carbon and/or energy content of another feedstock different from the carbon-containing material; introducing the gas stream to a separation unit configured to generate at least first and second output streams, where the gas stream comprises a mixture of condensable carbon- containing vapors and non-condensable carbon-containing gases. The process (P2) is continuous and/or a batch process. EXAMPLE - Wood substrate red pine large chips, Douglas fir cylinders (1.25-inch diameter pieces) and Douglas fir pieces ( approximately 2 inches by 2 inches), were loaded into a loading hopper having an optionally heated nitrogen gas flow. Optionally, 1% aqueous solution of an additive (e.g. NaOH and KOH) was applied by spray to the wood substrate while in the hopper or by soaking the biomass in the aqueous additive solution. Regardless of the application method, the additive solution was allowed to penetrate the biomass for 30 minutes before the biomass was dried. Once the reactor had reached the desired temperature, rotation of the reactor was initiated and the wood substrate was fed slowly by activating the material feed system. After exiting the heated portion of the reactor, the pyrolyzed material collected in a discharge hopper. A conveyor removed the biogenic reagent from the discharge hopper for further analysis.