TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is Re branched nanostructure and a hollow Re nanostructure, where the nanostructure contains atomic Re. (I) has a core/shell structure having a Re core and/or Re shell, where: the core is substantially of Re and the shell is substantially of at least one additional metal; or the core is substantially of at least one additional metal and the shell is substantially of atomic Re. The metal is comprises at least one soft metal, which is indium, tin (preferred), antimony, lead or bismuth. (I) has a cross-sectional diameter of: less than 50 nm or less than 10 nm, preferably 3-5 nm; and at least 15 nm, preferably at least 500 nm or less than 1000 nm. The nanowire has an aspect ratio of greater than 10, preferably greater than 1000. The Re-metal binary nanostructure comprises at least 20 atomic% of Re. (I) is nanostructure of Re-tin. The Re-tin nanowire is composed of at least 10-90 atomic%, preferably at least 20 atomic% of Re. The nanotube has a Re wall thickness of 5-100 nm. The Re precursor is a Re salt, which is ammonium perrhenate, potassium perrhenate or sodium perrhenate. The plating bath comprises at least one agent capable of improving deposition of atomic Re, where the agent is a salt of a monobase. The material is a metal or a non-metal. The metal and the precursor is a salt of the metal. The salt of a monobase is of sulfamic acid or saccharin. The salt is a salt of sulfamic acid, which is: magnesium sulfamate or tin sulfamate; or sodium sulfamate, potassium sulfamate, calcium sulfamate or any other sulfamate of an active metal from the column 1 or 2 of the periodic table. Preferred Method: The method is carried in a plating bath under electrochemical conditions. The step (i) occurs on a surface of a conductive substrate, where the substrate is a metallic substrate, preferably copper, gold, or tin. The method is carried out under either galvanostatic conditions or potentiostatic conditions, in an electrochemical cell. The method further comprises disintegrating the metal core to obtain a Re-nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexant is polyprotic acids, which is diprotic acids, triprotic acids, tetraprotic acids or higher homologues. The polyprotic acid is carboxylic acids, which is adipic acid, aspartic acid, succinic acid, folic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, kainic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, pimelic acid, phthalic acid, tartaric acid, dodecanedioic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, citric acid (preferred), aconitic acid, isocitric acid, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid or trimesic acid.