TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Carbon nanotubes are oxidized using oxidizer at 100-600 degrees C and 50-400 atm subcritical or supercritical condition, and surface-treated with functional compounds having functional group(s) chosen from carboxylic acid, carboxylic salt, amine, amine salt, phosphate group, phosphate salt, sulfate group, sulfate salt, alcohol, thiol, ester, amide, epoxide, aldehyde, and ketone. Preferred Composition: 1-5 Wt.% of oxygen is included in the functional group of surface-modified carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and/or bundle-type carbon nanotubes. The surface-treated carbon nanotubes are mixed with carboxylic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and/or hydrogen peroxide. The dispersion solution contains (in parts weight) dispersing agent (10-500), carbon nanotubes (100), dispersing stabilizer (5-15), and amine-based compound or inorganic alkaline aqueous solution (1-150).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dispersing stabilizer is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, wetting agent, and/or wetting enhancer. The amine-based compound or inorganic alkaline aqueous solution comprises monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, propanolamine, dipropanolamine, tripropanolamine, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and/or lithium carbonate. The dispersion medium is solvent chosen from water, alcohol, ketone, amine, ester, amide, alkyl halogen, ether, and furan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is polyacetal, acrylic compound, methyl methacrylate, alkyl (1-10C)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, polycarbonate, styrene, alpha -methylstyrene, polyester, polyphenylene ether resin, polyolefin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyarylate, polyamide, polyamidoimide, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyetherketone, polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzimidazole, polyvinylpyridine, polytriazole, polypyrrolidine, polydibenzofuran, polysulfone, polyurea, polyurethane, polyphosphazene, liquid-crystal polymer, and/or their copolymer.