TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises a monoterpene synthase under conditions to produce a cyclic monoterpene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the cyclic monoterpene, (c) contacting the cyclic monoterpene with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to p-cymene and H2; (d) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (e) contacting the p-cymene with benzene in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst under conditions for the transalkylation of benzene with p-cymene to produce cumene and toluene. Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises (i) a monoterpene synthase and (ii) a dehydrogenase or oxidase under conditions to produce p-cymene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (c) contacting the p-cymene with benzene in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst under conditions for the transalkylation of benzene with p-cymene to produce cumene and toluene. The cell is a fungal cell. The cell is a yeast cell. The cell is a Schizosaccharomyces, Piromyces, Saccharomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Candida, or Debaryomyces. The cell over expresses at least one gene in the mevalonic acid pathway, non-mevalonic acid pathway, or mevalonic acid and non-mevalonic acid pathways. The cell over expresses a gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase. The cell over expresses a gene encoding hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase or deoxy-xylulose phosphate synthase. The cell overexpresses a gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (aceE), HMG-CoA reductase (mvaA), deoxy-xylulose phosphate synthase (dxs), diphosphocytidylmethyl erythritol synthase (ispD), methyl-erythritol cyclodiphosphate synthase (ispF), isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (idi) or their combination. The monoterpene synthase is a plant, fungal or bacterial enzyme. The monoterpene synthase is an enzyme from Salvia officinalis, Citrus limon, Pinus taeda, Abies grandis, or Citrus unshiu. The monoterpene synthase is a limonene synthase, alpha -pinene synthase, beta -pinene synthase, terpinene synthase, terpinolene synthase or sabinene synthase. The dehydrogenase is a plant, fungal or bacterial enzyme. The dehydrogenase is a yeast enzyme. The oxidase is galactose oxidase. Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises contacting benzene with cymene and a transalkylation catalyst under conditions for the transalkylation of benzene with cymene to produce cumene and toluene, where the benzene comprises renewable benzene where all the carbons are renewable carbons, and the cymene comprises renewable cymene where all the carbons are renewable carbons. Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises (a) contacting non-renewable benzene with renewable cymene and a first transalkylation catalyst under conditions for the transalkylation of the benzene with the cymene to produce renewable cumene and renewable toluene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the renewable toluene; (c) contacting the renewable toluene with H2 under conditions to produce renewable benzene; (d) isolating at least a portion of the renewable benzene; and (e) contacting the renewable benzene with renewable cymene and a second transalkylation catalyst under conditions for the transalkylation of the renewable benzene with the renewable cymene to produce renewable cumene and renewable toluene. The renewable benzene of step (d) is combined with the non-renewable benzene of step (a) prior to contact with renewable cymene and the transalkylation catalyst. The first and second transalkylation catalysts are the same catalyst. The first and second transalkylation are performed in the same reactor. Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises (a) providing a stream comprising a cyclic monoterpene; (b) passing the stream of step (a) to a dehydrogenation unit, where the stream is contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to produce H2 and a dehydrogenation-product stream comprising p-cymene; (c) separating the dehydrogenation-product stream of step (b) in a fractionation zone comprising at least one separation column to produce a fractionated p-cymene stream and a cyclic monoterpene stream; (d) combining the fractionated p-cymene stream of step (c) with benzene to produce a stream comprising benzene and p-cymene; (e) passing the stream comprising benzene and p-cymene of step (d) to a transalkylation unit, where the benzene and p-cymene is contacted with a transalkylation catalyst under conditions to produce a transalkylation-product stream comprising cumene; (f) separating the transalkylation-product stream of step (e) in a benzene separation column to produce a benzene-rich stream and a C7+-enriched stream; (g) separating the C7+-enriched stream of step (f) in a toluene separation column to produce a renewable toluene-enriched stream and a C8+-enriched stream; (h) separating the C8+-enriched stream of step (g) in a xylene separation column to produce a renewable xylene-enriched stream and a C9+-enriched stream; (i) separating the C9+-enriched stream of step (h) in a cumene separation column to produce a renewable cumene-enriched stream and C10+-enriched stream; and (j) separating the C10+-enriched stream of step (i) in a cymene separation column to produce a cymene-enriched stream and a C10+-enriched stream. The process further comprises mixing the benzene-rich stream of step (f) with the benzene and fractionated p-cymene stream of step (d) produce the stream comprising benzene and p-cymene. The process further comprises combining at least a portion of the transalkylation-product stream of step (e) with another transalkylation-product stream prior to separating the transalkylation product stream in the benzene separation column. The cyclic monoterpene comprises a cyclohexane, cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene ring. The cyclic monoterpene is limonene, terpinene, pinene, terpinolene, sabinene or cineole. The cyclic monoterpene is 4S-limonene, gamma -terpinene or beta -pinene. The cyclic monoterpene is produced by bacterial fermentation or fungal fermentation. The cyclic monoterpene is isolated from citrus rind or citrus processing wastes, where the citrus rind is orange peels. The cymene is p-cymene. The cymene is depleted in the transalkylation. The benzene comprises renewable benzene or non-renewable benzene. The molar ratio of benzene to cymene is 1:1 to 50:1, 2:1 to 20:1, or 5:1 to 10:1. The transalkylation catalyst is an acid catalyst. The transalkylation catalyst is a zeolite. The transalkylation catalyst is a zeolite of the faujasite structure in the hydrogen form, a hydrogen mordenite, or another hydrogen zeolite with pore diameter of 5.2-7.8 Angstrom . The transalkylation catalyst comprises an inorganic oxide binder, a zeolitic aluminosilicate selected from MTW, MFI, type Y, beta, and mordenite, and an optional metal component. The transalkylation catalyst is a dealuminated HY zeolite. The transalkylation catalyst is at least one of H+Beta, MCM-22, MCM-49, USY, SSZ-26, AI-SSZ-33, CIT-1, SSZ- 35 or SSZ-44. The transalkylation is carried out at 100-540 degrees C, a pressure of 1-90 kg/cm2, and a weight hourly space velocity of 0.1-20/hour. The benzene, cymene and transalkylation catalyst are contacted under at least partial liquid phase conditions. The dehydrogenation catalyst is a dehydrogenase, oxidase or a metal catalyst, where the metal catalyst is nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, cadmium, another noble metal, or their mixture. The process further comprises removing from the dehydrogenation reaction zone at least a portion of the H2 as it is produced during the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to cymene. The oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to cymene and the transalkylation of benzene with cymene are performed in a single reactor, where the single reactor comprises at least two catalysts, at least one of which is a dehydrogenation catalyst, and at least one of which is a transalkylation catalyst. The dehydrogenation catalyst and the transalkylation catalyst are parts of a multiple-function catalyst, where the multiple-function catalyst comprises: (a) surface oxidation sites that catalyze the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to renewable cymene, and (b) acidic sites in geometrically confined pores with 5-7 Angstrom openings that catalyze the transalkylation of benzene with cymene. The process further comprises passing the toluene-rich stream of step (g), or the xylene-rich stream of step (h), to a hydrodealkylation unit, where the streams are contacted with H2, or H2 and a hydrodealkylation catalyst, under conditions to produce renewable methane and renewable benzene. The process further comprises passing the toluene-rich stream of step (g) to a disproportionation unit, where the stream is contacted with a transalkylation catalyst under conditions to produce renewable xylenes and renewable benzene by toluene disproportionation. Preparing renewable cyclohexane comprises contacting the renewable benzene with H2 under conditions for the reduction of benzene to renewable cyclohexane. The H2 is from oxidation of a monoterpene. Preparing cyclohexanone comprises contacting the renewable cyclohexane with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclohexane to cyclohexanone. The catalyst is a cobalt catalyst. Producing renewable phenol comprises contacting the renewable cumene with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst under conditions to produce renewable phenol and renewable acetone; or contacting the renewable benzene with propylene, oxygen and a catalyst under conditions to produce acetone and renewable phenol. The catalyst is phosphoric acid, a strong acid ion exchange resin, or a zeolite in the hydrogen form. The benzene and propylene are contacted at 150-400 degrees C and 5-70 standard atmospheric pressures. Producing renewable bisphenol-A comprises contacting the renewable phenol and renewable acetone under conditions for the condensation of phenol with acetone to produce renewable bisphenol-A; or contacting the acetone and renewable phenol under conditions for the condensation of phenol with acetone to produce renewable bisphenol-A. Producing a renewable phenolic resin comprises contacting the renewable phenol with formaldehyde under conditions for the condensation of phenol with formaldehyde to produce a renewable phenolic resin. Producing renewable cyclohexanone comprises contacting the renewable phenol with H2 under conditions for the hydrogenation of phenol to produce renewable cyclohexanone. The H2 is from oxidation of a monoterpene. Producing renewable toluene di-isocyanate comprises (a) contacting the renewable toluene with nitric acid in the presence of a catalyst under conditions to form dinitrotoluene, (b) contacting the dinitrotoluene with H2 in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under conditions to form toluene diamine, (c) isolating at least a portion of meta-toluene diamine, and (d) contacting the meta-toluene diamine with phosgene under conditions to produce a renewable toluene diisocyanate mixture. The process further comprises distilling the toluene diisocyanate mixture of step (d) to obtain a mixture of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate; and separating the 2,4-toluene diisocyanate from 2,6-toluene diisocyanate to obtain pure 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. The meta-toluene diamine and phosgene are in gas form when contacted in step (d). Producing renewable terephthalic acid comprises contacting the p-xylene with oxygen gas (O2) in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-xylene to produce renewable terephthalic acid. The process further comprises removing at least a part of 4-formyl benzoic acid by hydrogenation or oxidation. The process further comprises crystallizing the terephthalic acid by cooling. Preparing renewable phthalic anhydride comprises contacting the renewable o-xylene with O2 in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the o-xylene to form renewable phthalic anhydride. Preparing renewable isophthalic acid comprises contacting the renewable m-xylene with O2 under conditions for the oxidation of the m-xylene to form renewable isophthalic acid. Producing renewable dimethyl terephthalate comprises contacting the p-xylene with O2 in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the xylene to produce an oxidate comprising p-toluic acid and monomethyl terephthalate and contacting the oxidate with methanol under conditions for esterification to produce renewable dimethyl terephthalate. The oxidation of xylene is performed in an acetic acid solvent. The catalyst is a cobalt-manganese catalyst. The oxidation involves a promoter, where the promoter is bromide. Producing renewable dimethyl terephthalate comprises contacting the renewable terephthalic acid with methanol under conditions for the esterification of terephthalic acid with methanol to produce renewable dimethyl terephthalate. Producing renewable benzoic acid comprises contacting the renewable toluene with O2 under conditions for the oxidation of the renewable toluene to form renewable benzoic acid. Producing aniline comprises contacting the renewable benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid under conditions to produce nitrobenzene and contacting the nitrobenzene with a metal catalyst under condition effective for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to renewable aniline. Producing renewable cresol comprises contacting a renewable cyclic monoterpene with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to p-cymene and contacting the p-cymene with oxygen and a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the p-cymene to cresol. Producing renewable cresol comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises a monoterpene synthase under conditions to produce a cyclic monoterpene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the cyclic monoterpene, (c) contacting the cyclic monoterpene with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to p-cymene and H2; (d) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (e) contacting the p-cymene with oxygen and a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-cymene to cresol. Producing renewable cresol comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises (i) a monoterpene synthase and (ii) a dehydrogenase or oxidase under conditions to produce p-cymene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (c) contacting the p-cymene with oxygen and a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-cymene to cresol. The p-cymene is contacted with oxygen and an acidic catalyst for oxidation of p-cymene to cresol. The p-cymene is contacted with oxygen and a vanadium phosphate catalyst for oxidation of p-cymene to cresol. Producing renewable terephthalic acid comprises contacting a renewable cyclic monoterpene with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to renewable p-cymene and contacting the p-cymene with a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-cymene to terephthalic acid. Producing terephthalic acid comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises a monoterpene synthase under conditions to produce a cyclic monoterpene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the cyclic monoterpene, (c) contacting the cyclic monoterpene with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of the cyclic monoterpene to p-cymene and H2; (d) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (e) contacting the p-cymene with a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-cymene to terephthalic acid. Producing a renewable aromatic compound comprises (a) cultivating a cell that comprises (i) a monoterpene synthase and (ii) a dehydrogenase or oxidase under conditions to produce p-cymene; (b) isolating at least a portion of the p-cymene; and (c) contacting the p-cymene with a catalyst under conditions for the oxidation of p-cymene to terephthalic acid. The catalyst comprises cobalt, manganese, bromine, or their combination. The p-cymene is contacted with a catalyst in the presence of acetic acid. Preferred Renewable Cumene: The proportion of radiocarbon to total carbon in the cumene is greater than that of non-renewable cumene. Preferred Benzene: The proportion of radiocarbon to total carbon in the benzene is greater than that of non-renewable benzene. The renewable benzene is in excess of the non-renewable benzene. Preferred Toluene: The renewable toluene in which all the carbons are renewable carbons is in excess of the renewable toluene in which only the carbon in the methyl substituent is a renewable carbon. The proportion of radiocarbon to total carbon in the toluene is greater than that of non-renewable toluene. Preferred Xylene: The renewable xylene in which all the carbons are renewable carbons is in excess of the renewable xylene in which only the carbons in the methyl substituents are renewable carbons. The xylene is p-xylene, o-xylene, or m-xylene. The proportion of radiocarbon to total carbon in the xylene is greater than that of non-renewable xylene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.