TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrochemical material is a material chosen from oxide, sulfide and selenide, preferably nickel oxide, silica, titania, manganese oxide, molybdic oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and ruthenium oxide. The electroconductive nanoparticles are chosen from silver nanowires, zinc oxide nanowires, indium-tin oxide nanowires, semiconducting nanowires, polyaniline nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and carbon black. The assembly further comprises electroactive nanoparticles chosen from nickel oxide, silica, titania, manganese dioxide, molybdic oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and ruthenium oxide. The nanocrystalline carbon comprises graphene. The assembly further comprises electroconductive nanoparticles chosen from conductors consisting of silver, nickel, platinum, gold, indium phosphide, silicon, and gallium nitride. The other electrochemical material is nickel oxide, silica, titania, manganese dioxide, molybdic oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and/or ruthenium oxide, preferably in the form of nanowires. The receptor molecule comprises quantum dots of semiconductor chosen from cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, and cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Arrangement: The assembly further comprises charge collector(s) electrically coupled to the connected flakes of nanocrystalline carbon. The charge is conducted through connected flakes of crystalline carbon to the charge collector. The optical transparency of the interpenetrating network is larger than 80% with respect to light of wavelength 500 nm. The assembly comprises network of connected flakes of graphene bridging the source and the drain, a network of connected nano-scale flakes of an electrochemical material in contact with the carbon flakes bridging the source and the drain, nanoparticles of an electrical conductor in contact with the interconnected flakes of electrochemical material and flakes of graphene, and nanoparticles of another electrochemical material in contact with the interconnected flakes of electrochemical material, nanoparticles of electrical conductor and flakes of graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The receptor molecule comprises pyrene. The pyrene receptor molecule comprises porphyrin.