TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acetate solution comprises sodium acetate solution and/or ammonium acetate solution. The carbonate solution comprises sodium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-treatment step comprises taking etimicin fermentation liquor, acidizing the etimicin fermentation liquor with sulfuric acid solution with a volume concentration of 10-20% until the PH value is 2, stewing the mixture for 1 hour, neutralizing etimicin fermentation liquor using sodium hydroxide with a weight concentration of 5% until the PH value is 6 to obtain etimicin acidized solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A height to diameter ratio of the chromatographic column is 12.5:1-55.5. The specification of the chromatography column is 500-755x 40-15 mm. The polystyrene sulfonic acid type cation exchange resin comprises polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with a grain size of 18-60 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises selecting pine wood bits, screening on different sieves, drying screened pine wood bits for 24 hours at 105 degrees C, using fluidized-bed biomass quick heat cracking device, preparing biological oil by pine wood bits, splitting reaction temperature at 500 degrees C, with nitrogen gas as fluidifying gas, and flowing speed of 60 L/minute; adding ethyl acetate (3-15%) in biological oil, stirring uniformly to prepare ethyl acetate treated biological oil, and storing in sealed container. The storage condition is in a constant temperature of 40 degrees C. Preferred Components: The grain size of the screened pine wood bits is 30-80 meshes. The ethyl acetate is analytical pure, with purity of more than 99.5%. The mass percentage of ethyl acetate added is 15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biological fuel gas contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a volume ratio of 2-3:1. The molar ratio of the carbon monoxide in the biological fuel gas to the methanol is 8-16:1. The weight ratio of the carbonyl metal-rare earth composite catalyst to the methanol is 0.1-0.5:100. The first catalyst comprises carbonate, nickel nitrate and rare-earth nitrate. The molar ratio of the carbonate to the rare-earth nitrate is 10-20:1. The second catalyst comprises the carbonate, nickel nitrate and rare-earth nitrate, where the molar ratio of the carbonate to the nickel nitrate to the rare-earth nitrate is 10-20:8-20:1. The carbonate comprises alkali metal carbonate and alkaline-earth metal carbonate. The carbonyl metal-rare earth composite catalyst comprises carbonyl metal compound, rare earth lanthanum oxide and rare earth cerium oxide, where the molar ratio of the metal element to the lanthanum element to the cerium element is 8-10:2:1. The carbonyl metal compound comprises carbonyl iron, carbonyl cobalt and carbonyl nickel. The rare earth lanthanum oxide is lanthanum oxide. The rare earth cerium oxide is cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biological fuel gas is prepared by: processing the waste biomass into semi-fluid slurry; performing steam gasification to the semi-fluid slurry under the function of a first catalyst to obtain crude oil; and performing supercritical water gasification to the crude oil under the function of a second catalyst. The steam gasification step is carried out at a temperature of 200-300 degrees C for 15-40 minutes under a pressure of 6-12 MPa. The supercritical water gasification step is carried out at a temperature of 500-700 degrees C for 10-20 minutes under a pressure of 25-32 MPa. The step of homologation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 180-260 degrees C for 1-4 hours under the pressure of 15-26 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol ether diesel comprises 3-6 wt.% of n-caprylic alcohol and 22-25 wt.% of oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The annexing agent comprises 15-30 (preferably 18-25) wt.% of dimethoxymethane and 4-20 (preferably 8-12) wt.% of ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reductive treatment to iron-based catalyst with carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrogen (H2) gas is at 300-500 degrees C under 0.1-1.5 MPa for 5-18 hours. Preferred Components: The content of active component Fe2O3 is 78-95 wt.%. The content of co-catalyst A is Mn, at 4-10 wt.%. The content of the auxiliary agent Cu is 1.2-5.5 wt.%. The low carbon olefin is olefin with molecule clamp nut atomicity of not greater than 4. The molar ratio of H2 and CO is 0.5-6.5 in synthesis gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The 4C mixture contains small amount of 5C component. The mined materials of n-butane tower are supplied to n-butane refining tower, and n-butane of high purity is produced. The materials mined from the top of tower are returned to isobutane tower. The solvent mined from stripper is supplied to intermediate reboiler of the stripper, isobutane tower, n-butane tower and butene refining tower for recycling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone (10-90 %mass) and morpholine, mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone and N-methylpyrrolidone, mixed solvent of N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile and morpholine, mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water, or mixed solvent of morpholine and n-formyl morpholine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the cracked product extracted from the top of the vacuum cracking tower is 70-90% of the total amount of the raw material, and the amount of the carbonized asphalt is 10-30% of the total amount of the raw material. The esterification modifying reactor utilizes discontinuous operation of reactor, continuous operation of cascade reactor or reaction tower. The heat conducting oil or steam is used as heating medium for controlling the esterification reaction temperature. In the step (ii) the catalyst of the esterification modifying reaction is inorganic strong acid or solid acid, where the amount of the inorganic strong acid is 0.1-0.3wt.% of the amount of the cracked product in the esterification modifying reactor, and the amount of the solid acid is 1-8 wt% of the cracked product in the esterification modifying reactor. The inorganic strong acid comprises concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride and phosphoric acid. The solid acid comprises aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide and sulfonic acid based activated carbon. The cracked bio-diesel comprises (in wt.%) fatty acid methyl ester (70-90), alkanes (10-20) and olefin (5-20). Preferred Method: In the step (i) the carbonized asphalt is used as fuel or is prepared into active carbon through deeply carbonizing to form an adsorbent or catalyst carrier. In the step (ii) the esterification modifying reaction couples the esterification reaction and dehydration separation process so that the fatty acid conversion rate in the raw material oil is more than 99%, and the esterification reaction time is 0.5-6 hours. The composition of the cracked bio-diesel is regulated through regulating the vacuum degree in cracking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In step (a), the weight ratio of the first alkylation reaction liquid and second alkylation reaction liquid is (5:1)-(10:1); and the weight ratio of the first transalkylation reaction liquid and second transalkylation reaction liquid is (5:1)-(10:1). In step (b), the weight ratio of the first alkylation reaction liquid, second alkylation reaction liquid, and raw material benzene is (2-4):(1-2):1. The debenzenizer tower has 35-85 (preferably 60-80) tower plates and operates at a tower kettle temperature of 200-300 degrees C (preferably 200-230 degrees C), a tower top temperature of 90-160 degrees C (preferably 90-130), a reflux ratio of 5-50 (preferably 30-50), and a pressure of 0.05-0.75 MPa (preferably 0.2-0.4 MPa). The first benzene stream is drawn from the middle side line of the debenzenizer tower at a location where the tower plate corresponding to 15-30 % of the total number of the debenzenizer tower plates (calculated from top to bottom) is positioned. In step (c), the weight ratio of the second alkylation reaction liquid, second transalkylation reaction liquid and first overhead stream is (2-2.5):(1-1.5):3. The depropanizer tower has 7-70 (preferably 50-70) tower plates and operates at a tower kettle temperature of 100-280 degrees C (preferably 190-230 degrees C), a tower top temperature of 0-80 degrees C (preferably 30-60), a reflux ratio of 20-100 (preferably 30-70), and a pressure of 0.4-1.6 MPa (preferably 1-1.5 MPa). The second benzene stream is drawn from the middle side line of the depropanizer tower at a location where the tower plate corresponding to 15-30 % of the total number of the depropanizer tower plates (calculated from top to bottom) is positioned.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In step (A), the debenzenizer tower has 35-85 (preferably 60-80) tower plates and operates at a tower kettle temperature of 200-300 degrees C (preferably 200-230 degrees C), a tower top temperature of 90-160 degrees C (preferably 90-130 degrees C), a reflux ratio of 5-50 (preferably 30-50), and a pressure of 0.05-0.75 MPa (preferably 0.2-0.4 MPa). The benzene stream is extracted from the middle side line of the debenzenizer tower at a location where the tower plate corresponding to 62-92 % of the total number of the debenzenizer tower plates (calculated from bottom to top) is positioned. In step (C), the depropanizer tower has 7-70 (preferably 35-50) tower plates and operates at a tower kettle temperature of 100-280 degrees C (preferably 150-220 degrees C), a tower top temperature of 0-80 degrees C (preferably 30-60 degrees C), a reflux ratio of 20-100 (preferably 30-70), and a pressure of 0.4-1.6 MPa (preferably 1-1.5 MPa).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction liquid in step (A) consists of benzene alkylation reaction solution and/or transalkylation reaction solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The esterification is done at 70-80 degrees C for 4-6 hours. The hydrolysis is done at 80-90 degrees C for 2-2.5 hours. The method further comprises neutralizing obtained product at 80-90 degrees C for 1-1.5 hours. Preferred Components: The fatty alcohol is 8-20C fatty alcohol. The fatty alcohol and phosphorus pentoxide is 3-3.5:1. The mole ratio of water to phosphorus pentoxide is 1:1-1.5. The ethanolamine is 2-hydroxy-ethanolamine, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethylamine, or triethanolamine. The mole ratio of ethanolamine and phosphorus pentoxide is 2-4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biodiesel is prepared by:(A) preprocessing waste cooking oil;(B) adding the preprocessed waste oil and the catalyst in a reactor having a stirrer, a reflux condensing device, and a thermometer;(C) reacting by stirring at 60-70 degrees C for 3-3.5 hours, heating, and refluxing; and(D) filtering the reaction solution, stewing the filtered solution to layering, and dividing two layers, where the lower layer is mixture of glycerin and methanol, and the glycerin is obtained by evaporating methanol; and the lower layer is mixture of biodiesel and excess methanol, and the biodiesel is obtained after decompressing and evaporating methanol; where the mass ratio of the preprocessed oil and methanol is 1: (0.16-0.22); the dosage of the catalyst is 3-4% of the total mass of the preprocessed oil and methanol.Preferred Method: Preprocessing the waste oil comprises filtering to remove impurities, hydrating, drying to dewater, and oxidizing to decolor. The methanol is decompressed and evaporated via a rotary evaporator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw material gas is from an internal heat type coal dry distillation device. Reducing hydrogen and nitrogen based on the first raw material gas is carried out by pressure swing adsorption at 0.5-2.5 (preferably 0.8-1.5) MPa using silica gel, active carbon, or molecular sieve as adsorbent. Preferred Component: The raw material gas comprises hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material gas comprises methane, or CmHn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biomass power plant ash having a mean particle diameter of 10-15 mu m is collected from a bag-type dust remover. The roasting process in step (2) is carried out for 25-30 minutes; the stirring process in step (3) is carried out for 6-8 hours; the drying process in step (4) is carried out for 0.5-1 hour; and the roasting process in step (5) is carried out for 4-5 hours. The carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction is preferably carried out for 2 hours at a temperature of 350-400 degrees C and a volume space velocity of 6000-8000/hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nickel compound can also comprise nickel nitrate. The catalyst (I) has a nickel metal content of 5-15 wt.% (preferably 10-20 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel compound comprises nickel oxalate, nickel formate, nickel acetate, nickel citrate and/or nickel tartrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method is performed at 70 degrees C. The method involves preparing solution liquid by using mineral and metal, and subjecting the solution liquid to ion-exchange chromatography.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral is iron, silver, aluminum, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, or titanium. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises shake culturing the seed liquid at 50-60 degrees C and rotation speed of 50-200 revolutions/minute (rpm); after reaching seed liquid OD600 of 1-2, stopping culturing; inoculating seed liquid (5-20 vol.%) to fermentation culture medium; culturing at 50-60 degrees C and 100-200 rpm for 2-6 days at OD600 of 2-3, where ventilation is conducted for 4-8 hours at an interval of 10-30 minutes and ventilation volume ratio of 0.3-0.8:1; and obtaining fermented seed liquid. The mixed material has carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 and water content of 35-45%. The mass ratio of fermented seed liquid and molasses is 1:2. The compost inoculating agent is added with 10-20 wt.% auxiliary material; and the mixed material has carbon nitrogen ratio of 20-30 and water content of 50-60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass-containing lignocellulose is hardwood, cork, grass family, bamboo, aquatic species and agro-industry waste-containing lignocelluloses. The solvent is water, and in mass ratio of biomass-containing lignocelluloses to water of 0.1:1. The catalyst is sulfuric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid. Preferred Process: The solvent is added with catalyst, in mass ratio of catalyst to biomass-containing lignocelluloses of 0.5-10%. The temperature of degradation reaction is 100-200 degrees C. The heating rate before degradation reaction is 1-20 degrees C/minute. The reaction time for reaching temperature of the degradation reaction is 15 minutes to 5 hours. The concentration of reducing sugar is 3-113.8 g/L. The biomass-containing lignocelluloses are processed to crushing treatment to make grain size of the biomass particles containing lignocelluloses of less than 5 mm. The product generated by decomposition reaction is processed to centrifugal dewatering and solid-liquid separation to obtain reducing sugar solution and solid residual biomass. The solid residual biomass is blended with water for centrifugal dewatering to wash out residual reducing sugar. The reducing sugar solution can be used for biological fermentation to produce biomass ethanol, biomass butanol, lactic acid, methane and biomass hydrogen. The reducing sugar solution is for alkali treatment to remove biomass adverse to fermentation reaction and improve efficiency of fermentation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The optical density (600) value of the domestication bacterium liquid is 1. The aerobic denitrifying mediums are used after sterilizing for 30 minutes under the temperature of 121 degrees C. The bacterium strain can grow in neutral (pH 7.2) culture medium at a temperature of 10 degrees C. Preferred Components: The bacterial strain has no flagellum and yellowish white cell, is aerobic and has positive catalase and positive oxidase and can grow by using nitrate nitrogen as energy source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The secondary fermentation is carried out for 7-9 days. The water content of the material after mixing is 55-65%. The fermentation is carried out for 8-10 days at 50-70 degrees C. The crop wastes are one or more of straw, bean meal, rice hull, buckwheat husk and sawdust. The drying is performed by processing air flow drying device which is equipped with dust-extraction unit. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw material grease is high-acid value grease or neutral grease. The acidic catalyst is sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, or ferric ion (Fe3+)/sulfate ion (SO42-) type solid acid. The aqueous methanol steam is distilled at 0.08-0.12 MPa and 60-70 degrees C before returning to the esterification reaction step to be recycled as methanol. The residue is processed by crude glyceric acid and recycled as chemical raw material. The acidic catalyst at the lower layer obtained in the last step is returned to the esterification reaction step for recycling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device comprises a hydrolysis reaction region, acidification reaction region and methanation reaction region, where all the regions are provided with above-mentioned mentioned portions and each reaction areas of the above-mentioned region are connected with hydrolytic bacteria, acid-producing bacteria, and methane-producing bacteria respectively through pipeline. The outlet of reaction area in the methanation reaction region connects with gas-liquid separator. The small reaction area in the hydrolysis region, acidification region, and methanation region is provided with an automatic temperature control device for maintaining constant pre-set temperature. Preferred Method: The raw material flows through each small reaction zone of the hydrolysis reaction region, acidification reaction region, and methanation reaction region and performing the reaction using hydrolytic bacteria, acid-producing bacteria, and methane-producing bacteria respectively. The method does not collect marsh gas in the reaction process, mixes the gas and liquid generated in every reaction stage at the same time, for providing power to feeding liquid. The gas-liquid separator separates gas and liquid into marsh gas and biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Purity of crude scutellarin is 80-92%. Preferred Compositions: Concentration of crude scutellarin is 10-100 mg/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin is crosslinked polymethacrylate resin. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective; Vasotropic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The high pressure homogeniser has a pressure of 60-80 MPa, the extracting solvent and grinded cells has volume ratio of 2-3:1, and the extractant comprises normal hexane. The step of extracting temperature is carried out 40-50 degrees C, for 30-40 minutes. The step of methyl- esterification comprises adding microorganism oil, methanol and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone into molar container, stirring the mixture for 4-12 hours, pouring the stirred mixture into separating funnel, and laying and separating the poured mixture into two layers, removing lower layer and upper layer biodiesel with the separated mixture to obtain an ionic liquid methyl esterification: Preferred Components: The cellulosic material comprises microcrystalline cellulose, straw, wheat, bran and/or paper. The cellulose degrading bacteria comprises Trichoderma reesei Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma Switzerland and/or Aspergillus niger. The oil-producing strain comprises Rhodococcus and/or Rhodotorula glutinis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is absolute methanol or absolute ethyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The concentration of triadimefon in the absolute methanol or absolute ethyl alcohol solution is 20-30 g/l. The weight ratio of triadimefon-organic solvent to MCM-41 is 1:3-2:3. The particle size of MCM-41 is 1-100 nm, and the specific area of MCM-41 is greater than or equal to 800 m2/g. The weight ratio of triadimefon controlled release agent is 6-10%. Preferred Method: In step (c), the product is dried at 80-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microalgae is directly taken from algae water. The method comprises separating the micro-algae from the optical bioreactor, crushing the microalgae cell using the traditional ultrasonic method and then introducing in the marsh gas fermenter, flowing the liquid back to the optical bioreactor to replenish nutritive material as micro-algae growth and purify, introducing marsh gas directly into an air storage tank or into the gas separator after separating out of the carbondioxide by the gas separator, and feeding the separated carbondioxide to the photo bioreactor to increase the concentration of carbondioxide and promote the algae growth. The marsh gas fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 35-40 degrees C and the pH value of 6.8-7.5. A volume fraction of the urine in the microalgae culturing stable phase is 1/50-1/2000.The inner optical bioreactor is provided with pure water, tap water, rainwater or river. The separation step comprises separating the micro algae in centrifuge or filtering manner and/or flocculating from the bioreactor. The biogas residue is used as organic fertilizer. The excessive urine is used as organic-inorganic composite fertilizer for promoting the growth of crop and other plant growth. A volume fraction of urine gradually increases according to micro-algae growth speed in the microalgae domestication stage but finally less than volume fraction of stable culture stage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ratio of height to diameter of the cylindrical reactor is more than 15. The top water tank is further provided with a waste gas exhaust pipe. The upper end of the central cylinder is further provided with liquid flow guide plates for guiding the gas-liquid mixture rising from the annular gas lifting area to enter a liquid dropping area. The annular gap-type fluid deflector is a plate-shaped structure with an annular gap. The air input device is a pipe-shaped structure penetrating through the central cylinder. An outlet end of the air input device is located below the central cylinder. The outlet end of the air input device is provided with a trumpet-shaped opening. The sludge feeding device is a bent pipe structure provided with a mud flow direction which is similar to the air-flow direction of the outlet end. The outlet end is located at the lower part of an annular gas rising area. The sludge discharging device comprises a high temperature sterilizing section set at the bottom of the cylindrical reactor and a sludge outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The agriculture and forestry waste is crushed to 50-100 meshes. Preferred Composition: The solid acid catalyst includes sulfate anion/zirconium dioxide, sulfate anion/titanium dioxide, sulfate anion/zirconium dioxide-titanium dioxide and sulfate anion/titanium dioxide-zirconium dioxide solid acid.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises step (f) comprising mixing and culturing the grain strain with spores ( not less than 3 million) and cured grain according to the ratio of 1:1 for 5-7 days, directly crushing to obtain spore powder when the amount of spore in the grain is not less than 3 million. In the step (d), the cured grain is prepared by curing the axial and stalk part of rice by 2450 MHz microwave for 2 minutes, or curing maize residue with a particle diameter of 4-5 mm by 2450 MHz microwave for 3 minutes, where the water content of the cured grain is controlled at 18-20%. In the step (c), the oscillation speed is 120 revolutions/minute. The preparation of cured grain further comprises soaking long-grain rice, non-glutinous rice and/or maize grits in water at 60 degrees C for 30-45 minutes, placing in the microwave of 2450 MHz to cure for 2-3 minutes to obtain the cured grain. In the step (c), the obtained liquid strain is 3x 107 cfu/ml of mycelium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The regulating agent is in powder form, and is used with a complexing agent and a spreading agent. The boron is poly potassium borate or poly sodium borate. The zinc is zinc sulfate or EDTA-zinc. The magnesium is magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate. The phosphorus pentoxide is monopotassium phosphate or potassium pyrophosphate. The potassium oxide is monopotassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. The total amount of the complexing agent accounts to 12 wt.%. The total amount of the spreading agent accounts to 3 wt.%. The complexing agent is EDTA-disodium salt or citric acid. The spreading agent is a non-ionic surfactant 885 or saponin. ACTIVITY - Metabolic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biological oil is generated by thermal cracking reaction having temperature of 600 degrees C. The method comprises weighing 50-70g of bio-oil, and adding ethanol additive having concentration of 4 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 12 wt.%, 16 wt.%, or 20 wt.%. The storage temperature is 5-38 degrees C, and storage time is 42 days. The detecting step includes detecting index water, movement viscosity and pH, where the motion viscosity is measured under 40 degrees C. Detection frequency of the bio-oil performance index is every 7 days. The ethanol is analytical grade ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises compressing the methane to 0.5-1.5 MPa after the treatment of fine dehydration drying and then sending it to the buffer tank. Preferred Components: The composite molecular sieve comprises 3A zeolite, 45-55% of 3A molecular sieve and 55-15% of 13X molecular sieve. The water content in the methane is reduced to 3.1-10.9 mg/kg. The methane content of the biogas obtained after the pressure swing adsorption system is 5.2-10.3 mg/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In step (a), the raw material feed gas (A) is at a temperature of 20-300 degrees C, and the methanation reaction for H2 and CO is carried out at 200-700 degrees C and 0-4 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material feed gas (A) in step (a) comprises H2 and CO with a hydrogen-to-carbon mole ratio of 1:(1.8-10)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is trifluoroethanol or tert-butyl alcohol. The hydride is lithium hydride, sodium hydride or potassium hydride. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl ether or propyl ether. The chiral ligand is of formula (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali catalyst is potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction step is carried out at 100 degrees C, the primary extraction uses fresh glycerol, the secondary extraction uses first level glycerol, and third extraction uses the second level glycerol. The glycerol is side product generated in the process of preparing biodiesel by subjecting triglyceride and methanol to ester exchange reaction. The alkali catalyst dissolved in the glycerol phase is separated through cooling crystallization method at 0-20 degrees C for 1-12 hours, and the separated glycerol and the alkali catalyst are recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The p-bromomethyl ethyl cinnamate is obtained by mixing p-methyl ethyl cinnamate, N-bromosuccinimide, azobisisobutyronitrile and acetonitrile; reflux heating; filtering; concentrating the filtrate to obtain oil substance; crystallizing using 95% ethanol; and drying. The ozagrel ethyl ester is prepared by mixing p-bromomethyl ethyl cinnamate, imidazole, anhydrous potassium carbonate, potassium iodide and acetonitrile; reflux heating for 14-18 hours; filtering; concentrating the filtrate; drying the residue; crystallizing using ethyl acetate-petroleum ether at a volume ratio of 1:1; concentrating; and drying. The refining is done by mixing ozagrel ethyl ester and sodium hydroxide solution (20-40 mass%), stirring, heating at 50-70 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, separating the water phase, washing the water phase with ethyl acetate, neutralizing pH to 5 by adding hydrochloric acid, filtering, subjecting the filter cake to reflux heating, adding dichloromethane, cooling to 35-45 degrees C, filtering, and drying. Preferred Component: The acetonitrile can be replaced by acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): (I) is prepared through applying infusion process. The method comprises loading water solution of metal ion containing component A loaded on carrier B, where mother liquor is dried by water bath at 40-100 degrees C; and steeping mixed water solution of iron and nitrate into obtained sample, where mother liquor is dried in water bath at 40-100 degrees C, and is dried at 80-150 degrees C, and is roasted for 1-20 hours at 400-800 degrees C, to obtain catalyst. Preferred Method: The iron-based catalyst is conducted with reductive treatment with carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen gas before reaction. The reductive treatment is carried out at 250-500 degrees C and pressure of 0.1-1.5 MPa for 5-18 hours. Preferred Components: The Fe2O3 accounts for 20-30 wt.%. Cocatalyst A accounts for 3.5-8 wt.%. The cocatalyst Cu accounts for 2.5-5 wt.%. The content of the carrier accounts for 50-75 wt.%. Molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in synthesis gas is 2.0-6.0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Selectivity of low carbon alkene in product is 5-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The crude purification is wet desulfurization preformed at 5-40 degrees C (preferably, 25-35 degrees C) under pressure of 0.03-0.6 MPa (preferably, 0.05-0.15 MPa). Preferred Composition: The desulfurizer is activated carbon desulfurizer. The deoxidier is palladium deoxidation catalyst. The ratio of hydrogen and carbon is 2:2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: About 3g PEG is added in the solution to obtain the 5-20 mu m large flower ball. About 5g PEG is added in the solution to obtain 50-500nm small ball shape. About 6g PEG is added in the solution to obtain 1-5 petals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic material or metal alloy material is constituted of iron, cobalt and/or nickel, iron-chromium alloy, and refractory ceramic based on silicon carbide, silicon nitride and/or cordierite. The adsorbent consists of calcium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, alkali metal and/or alkali metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises (in wt. %) zeolite (1-50), inorganic oxide (5-99) and optional clay (0-70). The zeolite is utilized as active component and selected from one of mesoporous zeolite and optional macroporous zeolite, where weight percent of the mesoporous zeolite in 50-100 wt.% of the zeolite is 0-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The selective hydrogenation catalyst is non-noble metal catalyst utilizing nitrogen-tungsten, cobalt-nickel-tungsten, nickel-molybdenum or cobalt-molybdenum as active component, and active alumina as carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw oil is selected from or comprises petroleum hydrocarbons and/or mineral oil, where the hydrocarbon oil is selected from one of pressure reducing gas oil, normal pressure gas oil, coker gas oil, deasphalted oil, vacuum residuum and atmospheric pressure residual oil, and the mineral oil is selected from one or mixture of coal liquefaction oil, oil sand oil and oil shale oil. The aromatic hydrocarbon extracting device extracts the catalytic gasoline by utilizing extracting solvent, which is selected from one or combination of sulfolane, N-methyl pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol triethylene glycol ether, tetraethyleneglycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and N-formoxyl morpholine ester. Preferred Process: The selectively hydrogenation of the catalytic gasoline is performed by contacting and reacting the catalytic gasoline with selective hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, under hydrogen division pressure of 1.2-8.0 MPa at reaction temperature of 150-400 degrees C, where hydrogen oil volume is 150-600 Nm3/m3 and volume space velocity is 1-20 h-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biological microbial inoculum is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and/or Bacillus mucilaginosus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trace element is boron, zinc, copper, iron, and/or manganese. The microelement is calcium, magnesium, and/or sulfur. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antimicrobial; Fungicide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied by spraying on orange leaf surface, vegetable, flower, melon, tea and other fruit-bearing tree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The breaking step is carried out for 1-10 (preferably 3-8) minutes. The form of ultrasonic treater used for breaking the sludge is multi-probe (4-8 probes). The method comprises: crushing crop straw by a mechanical crusher, sieving crushed straw through 180 screen meshes, preferably 20-50 meshes, and storing the sieved straw in aeration-drying place; soaking the broken rest sludge and straw, weighing the sieved straw powder, pouring the straw powder into the straw soaking liquid and then concentrating rest sludge, where the hydraulic retention time in the soaking liquid is 12-48 hours, the broken rest sludge has a moisture content of 97-98 wt.% and mass ratio of the straw and broken rest sludge is 1:15-1:25; entering the rest sludge and straw into a hydrolysis acidifying tank for fully hydrolysis acidifying after mixing, and degrading the slow speed biological degraded material of sludge and crop straw into large number of volatile fatty acids, where the hydraulic retention time in the hydrolysis acidifying liquid is 24-72 hours; and reflowing the mixed liquid after hydrolysis acidifying to the front end of a biological anaerobic pond, where denitrifying bacteria uses mixed liquid as carbon source, and transferring sludge nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen to realize biological denitrification, where the hydraulic retention time in the anaerobic pond is 2-4 hours. Preferred Components: The broken rest sludge is present in an amount of 5-10%. The sludge has a solid content of 2-3 wt.%. The low intensity ultrasound has a frequency of 20-40 kHz. The diameter of the probe is 20-30 mm. The energy density of ultrasound is 0.2-0.8 (preferably 0.5-0.8) kW/m3. The straw is crop straw, corn straw, wheat straw, Sorghum straw or rice straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation step comprises adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into the concentrated fluid of white gourd juice wastewater to adjust pH value to 4.8-5, adding complex phosphoesterasum at 30-45 degrees C, enzymolyzing the mixture for 2 hours, heating the enzymolyzed mixture at 100 degrees C, inactivating the enzyme and sterilizing for 30 minutes, cooling the sterilized mixture at 35 degrees C, adding activated hot active dry yeast solution to obtain 20% of quantity of white gourd juice wastewater concentrated solution at 35 degrees C, stirring the solution at a rotary speed of 80 rpm, feeding sterile air for 3 hours, turning off air and anaerobic fermenting for 9 hours to obtain ethanol fermentation liquor, where the total fermentation time is 12 hours. Preferred Components: The complex phosphoesterasum are pectinase, alpha -glucoamylase and beta -glycosidase in ratio of 1:1:1. The complex phosphoesterasum is present in an amount of 0.2-0.6 mass%, and has an active unit of 600000 U/g. The hot active dry yeast comprises Dan Baoli hot active dry yeast, Dan Baoli non-heat resisting dry yeast, Aoli hot active dry yeast and Angela glucose hot active dry yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chlorobenzene. The molar ratio of N-methylaniline and phosgene is 2:1, preferably 2.1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The growth pH of the algae is preferably 4.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Hemicellulose rich in biomass is corn core, corn powder, bran, corn cob, peanut shell, or cotton seed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or oxalic acid, and base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, or ammonia water. Stationary phase is calcium-type resin or potassium-type resin, and mobile phase is water. Xylose mother liquid contains 49-53 mass% xylose, 19-21 mass% arabinose, and 12-16 mass% glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Device: The mixing anaerobic digestion tub comprises flat type up and down motion sieve shaker and guide rod, which is combined in order to slide within the mixing anaerobic digestion tub, such that flat type up and down motion sieve shaker may not lose the balance in up and down motion. The flat type up and down motion sieve shaker naturally descend to the down direction, and flat type up and down motion sieve shaker are lifted the upper portion in the exercise with power. The microorganism medium is contacted with the organic waste in gap between the sieve shaker among flat type up and down motion sieve shaker and the sieve shaker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of oxygen and carbon in oxidized hydrocarbon is 0.003-0.17. The metal carrier catalyst is palladium/alumina, palladium/silica-alumina, palladium/ceria-palladium/magnesia, palladium/zirconia and/or palladium/magnesia zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of butyric acid and hydrogen is 1:2-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biogas fermentation residue is country household biogas tank residue, or large medium biogas project residue. The bean cake powder is rape seed cake, peanut cake, soybean cake, and/or cotton seed cake. The bone powder is formed by crushing all animal bones after degreasing. The agriculture and forestry waste powder is crop straw, agricultural processing residues, and sawdust crushing substances. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pre-processing method comprises soaking animal keratin material in water, cleaning, drying, and cutting into pieces. Preferred Components: The waste animal keratin material is hair, ox hair, wool, pig hair, hooves, horns or nails of livestock, or poultry feather. The straw is wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk, Sorghum straw or rape straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline substance is sodium hydroxide, dipotassium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ethylenediamine. The acidic substance is nitric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The humic acid substance is humic acid, sodium humate, potassium humate or ammonium humate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The step (ii) comprises raising the stacking temperature of the material to 40-60 degrees C, timely turning, increasing the gas permeability, improving the moisture loss, performing aerobic fermentation for 10-20 days until the stacking temperature is not increased any more, and stacking the materials to obtain large amount of hypha after aerobic fermentation, and performing the anaerobic fermentation for 10-20 days until the materials are thoroughly decomposed. Preferred Components: In the step (i), the water content of the mushroom residue is controlled to 30-50 wt.%, and the amount of the biological fermentation agent is 1-5 wt.% of the mushroom residue. In the step (iii), the diameter of the screened materials is less than 4 mm. In the step (iv), the adhesive is corn steep liquor, and the dry material of the corn steep liquor is 20-40%. In the step (i), the ingredient further comprises other animals and plants organic raw materials. The animals and plants organic raw materials are either: straw; bran; cypress class; or bone meal or blood meal. The mushroom residue is mushroom waste of edible mushroom production. The water content of the organic fertilizer is 1-20 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The macroporous resin column separation is carried out by utilizing wet packing, and vacuum extracting the eluent with a relative density of 1.15-1.20 (measured at 60 degrees C). The temperature of the high-speed countercurrent chromatography constant-temperature circulator is 25-28 degrees C. The flow speed of the high-speed countercurrent chromatography flowing phase is 2-5 ml/minute. The high-speed countercurrent chromatography is carried out by achieving dynamic equilibrium, pumping a sample solution into the chromatographic system, simultaneously introducing the liquid eluate within a UV detector for continuously detecting the eluate at a wavelength of 246 nm and comparing with the standard spectrum of the cyasterone, removing the collected liquid is from the solvent, and drying to obtain the product. Preferred Components: The extracting solvent is ethanol solution (50-95%). The high-speed countercurrent chromatograph distribution system is heptane-methanol-dichloromethane or n-hexane-acetonitrile-acetone, and the volume ratio of the three components is (5-12):(9-12):(1-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The macroporous adsorption resin is non-polar or weak polarity macroporous resin chosen from XAD-1, AB-8, NKA, XSD-3, SP825 or LD140 adsorption resin. Preferred Method: The pressure of carbon dioxide in the supercritical extraction is 18-35 MPa, temperature is 22-55 degrees C, and flow rate is 15-28 l/hour, and the separating pressure after extraction is 4-10 MPa, and the temperature is 30-45 degrees C. The column used for elution is column with 4-6 bed volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises Chinese herbal medicinal extract (1-2%) comprising rhizoma cyrtomii, fructus toosendan, semen arecae, fructus cnidii, fructus kochiae, flos daturae, gleditsiae tree leaf, Ailanthus and pine needle, where the aqueous extract of Chinese herbal medicine is used as an additive. Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises (in wt.%) photosynthetic bacterial agent basic solution (10), fulvic acid (11), urea (8), monoammonium phosphate (2), potassium sulfate (5), potassium silicate (0.25), monopotassium phosphate (5), boric acid (0.1), magnesium sulfate (0.3), azadirachtin (0.6), radix aconiti agrestis (0.3) and water (remaining). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of methanol is 1-21% of total of bio-oil and methanol mixture. Preferred Property: The methanol is analytically pure, and has purity of more than 99.5%. Preferred Process: Preparation of bio-oil involves adding dried rice husk as biomass raw material to fluidized bed biomass rapid hot cracking reaction device, subjecting to cracking reaction at 500 degrees C, supplying nitrogen as and controlling the fluidifying air speed. Preferred Property: The grain size of the rice husk is 30-80 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The method of cultivating R.qiyangensis ZYY136 involves inoculating R.qiyangensis ZYY136 in a specific culture medium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of synergistic agent is not greater than 250 mg/1 kg J. curcas biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is natural zeolite with a sieved particle size of less than 4 mm, which is dried at 80 degrees C to obtain the constant weight for the future use. The bone powder or crab shell powder is waste, which is dried and then crushed by using a FW-80 high-speed universal crusher into a powder of 40-200 meshes, where the obtained powder is dried at 80 degrees C to obtain the constant weight for the future use. The saw dust is taken from processing plant waste material, where the material is dried at 80 degrees C to obtain the constant weight for the future use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proportion of material comprises: the first refrigerant (15-20%), the second refrigerant (10-15%), the third refrigerant (15-20%), the forth refrigerant (15-20%), the fifth refrigerant (5-10%) and the sixth refrigerant (20-25%); the first refrigerant (10-15%), the second refrigerant (15-25%), the third refrigerant (20-25%), the forth refrigerant (15-20%), the fifth refrigerant (8-12%) and the sixth refrigerant (20-25%); the first refrigerant (5-10%), the second refrigerant (10-15%), the third refrigerant (25-30%), the forth refrigerant (15-25%), the fifth refrigerant (10-15%) and the sixth refrigerant (25-30%); or the first refrigerant (3-5%), the second refrigerant (5-15%), the third refrigerant (20-30%), the forth refrigerant (20-25%), the fifth refrigerant (10-15%) and the sixth refrigerant (25-30%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of propane to propane substance HFC227ea is 12-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The starter cultures comprise Actinomyces and bacteria separated from soil. Preferred Method: The method further involves drying the livestock excretions at 40 degrees C or less before mixing. The method further involves aging the mixture for more than 7 days such that the odor is completely removed and the mixture is processed into manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The preparation comprises adding 4-methyl benzsulfamide and inorganic base into organic solvent, heating at 80-100 degrees C for 0.5-1 hour, heating at 100-120 degrees C for 1 hour, cooling to 30-70 degrees C, adding urea, heating at 100-120 degrees C for 3-6 hours, and cooling to 30-70 degrees C; adding water to dissolve product, stirring, standing, layering, and skimming; adding acid to acidify reaction liquid, centrifuging and obtaining p-toluene sulfonyl carbamide crude product; and adding water or alcohol to purify crude product, centrifuging, drying at 80-100 degrees C, and obtaining p-toluene sulfonyl carbamide. The purifying time of purifying crude product in water or alcohol is 2 hours; the purifying temperature in water is 40-90 (preferably 80-90) degrees C; and the purifying temperature in alcohol is 20-78 (preferably 78) degrees C. Preferred Components: The mol ratio of 4-methyl benzsulfamide, inorganic base, and urea is 1:1.02-1.07:1. The organic solvent is methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene. The acid for acidifying is inorganic acid; and the pH of the acidified reaction liquid is 6-7. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methyl alcohol, dimethyl formamide or ethanol. The alkali is sodium methoxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide or tert-butanol. The 15C-triphenyl phosphonium is (3-methyl-5(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)-2,4-pentadiene)-triphenylphosphine chloride salt or (3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)-2,4-pentadiene)-triphenylphosphine bromine salt or (5-(4-methoxy-2,3,6 trimethyl phenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadiene)-triphenylphosphine chloride salt or (5-(4 methoxy-2,3,6 trimethyl phenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadiene) triphenylphosphine bromine salt. The mole ratio of 15C-triphenyl phosphonium, 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-furanone, and alkali is 1:1.2:2-5. The solvent is methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or methylbenzene. The catalyst is molecular iodine, at 2 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 1,3,5-tris(p-phenyl)benzene and 9,10-anthracene acid is 1:1-1:1.5. The molar ratio of 1,3,5-tris(p-phenyl)benzene and cobalt nitrate is 1:1-1:2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustible gas contains hydrogen, methane or carbon monoxide. The organic acid comprises formic acid, acetic acid or benzoic acid. The composite agent comprises a first part comprising lignin sulfonate, humate, polyhydroxyl carboxylate, methyl naphthalene sulfonate and/or sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and a second part comprising stearate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, fatty glyceride, fatty acid sorbitan, polysorbate, amide, lecithin, amino acid type and/or betaine surface active agent, where the first part and the second part have the mass ratio of 1:1-1:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flocculating agent comprises polyacrylamide, polysilicate flocculant, poly silicic ferric sulfate, poly-ferric chloride, poly-aluminum chloride, poly-silicate iron and/or ferric sulfate, polyethylene amine type organic polymer flocculant and/or quaternary ammonium-type organic polymer flocculant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material is hydrocarbon. The synthetic gas comprises sulfide (0.1-5 wt.%), hydrogen (10-50 wt.%), carbon monoxide (30-80 wt.%) and carbon dioxide (1-30 wt.%). The ratio of content of hydrogen to total content of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is 0.8-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is chosen from acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, n-octanoic acid, capric acid, cinnamic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, ricinoleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid. The non-polar organic solvent is chosen from benzene, toluene, n-hexane, acetone, heptane, isooctane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, isoamyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, cyclohexane, butanol, dichloromethane and diethyl ether. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The obtained mixture of biodiesel, ionic liquid and glycerol after removing excess alcohol from the reaction medium, is reacted with 3-12C ketone or aldehyde for performing ketalization to form biodiesel additive for diesel fuel. The obtained biodiesel additive is added in biodiesel or diesel fuel in a suitable proportion for producing desired effect.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The bottom compression roller is one or multiple. The drying part is one or multiple. The device can control the speed of the conveyer belt. The device further comprises gathering unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The composite microbial inoculum comprises (colony forming unit/g) Bacillus licheniformis (0.5x 109-1.5x 109), Bacillus pumilus (0.2x 109-0.8x 109), Brevibacillus laterosporus (0.2x 109-0.8x 109), Bacillus megaterium (0.5x 109-1.5x 109), and silicate bacteria (0.5x 109-1.5x 109).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder is bentonite, sepiolite powder or water-soluble microbial polysaccharide. The activating agent comprises chelated iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese and humic acid at ratio of 0.2:2:8:1:1:0.2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant; Virucide.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied diluting the fertilizer with water and used as base fertilizer in tobacco planting soil or used as topdressing fertilizer (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ester exchange reaction catalyst is potassium hydroxide solid catalyst, which is added at 1-2 wt.% (based on the weight of microalgae); and methanol is added at 30-60 wt.% (based on the weight of microalgae). The ester exchange reaction is conducted for 5-10 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing, grinding, and sieving microalgae by 200-300-mesh sieve. The amount of microalgae in extraction and reaction kettle is 40-50 vol.% of the total volume of kettle. The extracting agent is cyclohexane or n-hexane. The mass ratio of extracting agent and microalgae raw material is 6-9:1. The microwave generator has power of 10-15 kW. Microwave radiation heating by microwave generator in extraction and reaction kettle is conducted for 5-6 times, each for 60-70 seconds; and the total extraction time is 15-20 minutes. The method comprises closing the microwave generator after each radiation heating; starting the circulating pump to mix the material; mixing uniformly after closing the circulating pump; and starting the microwave generator for the next 60-second cycle until the specified circulation time.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is chosen from sulfate/zirconia, sulfate/titania, sulfate/zirconia-titania and sulfate/titania-ferric oxide. The kitchen garbage is garden stuff, fruit peel, fruit kernel, meat, bone, waste tableware, toothpick or meal paper. Preferred Condition: The microwave frequency is 50 Hz and power is 300-500, preferably 800-1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The methanol vapor is recycled to the dehydration process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The tablet comprises (in mass.%) 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin powder (45-55), 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin powder (35-45) and 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin (5-12). In the preparation of the tablet, 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin powder ( greater than or equal to 98.5%), 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin powder with available chlorine content ( greater than or equal to 70%), and 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin ( greater than or equal to 99.0%) are utilized. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The granularity of pine cone is 1-5.5 mm. The pine cone is northeast China pine cone. The turfy soil is northeast China turfy soil. The crushing temperature is -25 to -10 degrees C. The fermenting temperature is 40-60 degrees C. The stirring process is carried out for ventilation. The method further comprises extrusion granulating technology by granulating the fermented fertilizer in the step (iii). The fermentation stack height is 80 cm and the width is 1.5 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The pecan outer shell in the step (i) is fresh pecan outer shell dried in a oven at 60 degrees C. The bio-waste in step (ii) is biological sludge powder and crop straw powder, and the ratio of walnut root outer shell, biological sludge powder and crop straw powder is 1: 1: 1. The method uses sewage treatment plant to produce dehydrated sludge or gyttja sludge at the bottom of the plant, and the crop rice powder is wheat and rice powder. Preferred Method: The gyttja sludge is used after being washed and filtered. In step (iii) fermenting the material at 33-35 degrees C, and the fermentation time is 8-10 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The method uses crusher to primarily crush the pecan outer shell, and hammer-type grinder to grind into powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the slant culture comprises inoculating the thallus to the slant medium, and culturing for 6-8 days at 26-30 degrees C. The slant medium comprises 1-3 wt% soluble starch, 0.02-0.08 wt% magnesium sulfate, 0.02-0.08 wt% sodium chloride, 0.05-0.2 wt% beef extract, 0.05-0.2 wt% potassium nitrate, 0.02-0.08 wt% dipotassium phosphate, 0.0005-0.0015 wt% ferrous sulfate, 1-3 wt% agar, and remainder distilled water; pH value of the slant medium is 6.5-7.5. The seed culture comprises inoculating the spore of slant culture to seed medium, culturing for 25-30 hours at 30-35 degrees C and 220-260 rpm. The seed medium comprises 2-8 wt% glucose, 2-4 wt% soybean meal, 0.5-2 wt% yeast powder, 0.1-0.4 wt% lightweight calcium carbonate, and remainder distilled water. The medium in the fermentation tank comprises 2-6 wt% saccharose, 2-8 wt% palm oil, 0.1-0.4 wt% potassium chloride, 0.05-0.2 wt% sodium chloride, 0.1-0.8 wt% soybean meal, 0.2-1 wt% germ meal, 0.01-0.02 wt% dipotassium phosphate, 0.005-0.02 wt% magnesium sulfate, 0.02-0.08 wt% emulsifier, 0.1-1 wt% ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 wt% lightweight calcium carbonate, and remainder distilled water; pH value of the fermentation liquid is 6.5 to 7.0. The sugar is selected from saccharose, glucose, and soluble starch. The vegetable oil is selected from palm oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil. Adding sugar step is continuous flowing feeding; controlling the sugar adding speed according to the reducing sugar concentration; and controlling the reducing sugar concentration at 3-10 g/l. Adding oil step is continuous flowing feeding; controlling the oil adding speed according to the fatty acid content; and controlling the fatty acid concentration at 2-4 wt%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The particle size of biological black carbon is less than 0.25 mm. The livestock excrement is pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, and sheep manure. Preferred Method: In the method, before composting, drying the livestock excrement of the breeding farm, where the moisture content is less than 40 wt.%, and removing large impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The seed culture medium comprises (in wt.%) glucose (1-5), glutamic acid (1-5) and water (balance amount). The strain is Bacillus natto. The fermentation material is human and animal excreta, household waste and/or plant straw. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Fertilizer: The controlled release potassium fertilizer further comprises coating binder, where the parts by weight of the binder based on the materials of the controlled release potassium fertilizer is 3. The controlled release potassium fertilizer comprises 30-40% of potassium element, 30-40% of humic acid and 5-8% of bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic potassium salt is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose, lignin and vegetable oil. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises rapidly cooling to 0-30 degrees C. The rapid cooling is performed by cooling molten Agomelatine (RTM: antidepressant) into liquid of - 20 to 30 degrees C. Preferred Component: The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of obtained Agomelatine (RTM: antidepressant) crystal form I has diffraction peaks to positions of 2 theta of 11.07 plus minus 0.2, 11.78 plus minus 0.2, 14.87 plus minus 0.2, 17.47 plus minus 0.2, 18.29 plus minus 0.2, 19.48 plus minus 0.2, 20.46 plus minus 0.2, 21.76 plus minus 0.2, 22.45 plus minus 0.2, 23 plus minus 0.2, 24.56 plus minus 0.2, 26.28 plus minus 0.2, 26.99 plus minus 0.2, 30.09 plus minus 0.2, 31.20 plus minus 0.2, 31.90 plus minus 0.2, 33.28 plus minus 0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method:, In the method, the spraying concentration of the EM diluent on the waste field is 1% of the stock solution, the weight ratio of the spraying amount and the waste is as: the EM diluent: the waste is equal to 1:400; the concentration of the EM diluent sprayed on the opening of the anaerobic fermentation cylinder is 1%, and the weight ratio of the spraying amount and the waste is as: the EM diluent: the waste is equal to 1:200.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic fermentation cylinder is made up of steel plate, whose length is 30-35 m and diameter is 2.5-3 m. The rotary aerobic fermentation cylinder is made up of steel plate, whose length is 20-25 m and diameter 2.7-3.2 m, the cylinder wall is provided with at least two vent holes, and the inner wall is provided with a triangular turning plate to produce the aerobic environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The stick edaravone crystal form II at 296K shows single crystal X-ray crystal analysis according to parameter of parameter (crystal form II orthorhombic) (arthorhombi c) PnaS1 (No.33): a (A) 11.0667; b (A) 19.1213; c (A) 5.0924; -a( degrees ) 90; -b ( degrees ) 90; -c ( degrees ) 90. The solvent is mixed solvent of water and alcohol comprising methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol, at volume ratio of alcohol to water at 1:1-1:10, the ratio of edaravone solvent by weight volume (w/v) of 1 (g):5-30 (ml), preferably 20 (g/mL); the heating of edaravone and dissolving is at 50-80 degrees C, crystallizing at 0-40 degrees C, and crystal drying at 30-60 degrees C. The preparation of edaravone III crystal form comprises solvent comprising organic ketone of acetone, methyl biketone or n-butyl ketone, preferably acetone, at edaravone (g) and solvent (ml) at 1:10-100 (preferably 1:30); heating and dissolving at 50-80 (preferably 40 degrees C), and crystal drying temperature at 30-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc salt is the water soluble inorganic zinc salt, preferably zinc sulfate, zinc chloride or zinc nitrate. The active carbon is the superfine ground active carbon powder. The auxiliary material is straw, bentonite or attapulgite. The zinc accelerator comprises nitrohumic acid, citric acid, ammonium sulfate and fermentation organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:3:4, respectively. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer further comprises a binder with a content of less than 10 wt.%. Preferred Method: The preparation method comprises carrying out step (i)-(iv) as mentioned above, and then spraying binder on the disc granulator. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The alkaline ion exchange resin is Amberlite IRA-410 (RTM: Type 2 strongly basic anion exchange resin). The concentration of the liquid alkali solution is 15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The divalent metal ion is copper ion, nickel ion, manganese ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, zinc ion, barium ion or cobalt ion. The inorganic salt is in the form of hydrochloride, nitrate or sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The double-stranded oligonucleotides solution comprises double-stranded oligonucleotides and solvent. The double-stranded oligonucleotide is ((dG-dC)n)2 or (dA-dT)2 where n is 10-400. The solvent is phosphate buffer solution, tris-buffer solution, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution, N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) piperazine-N'-(2-ethane sulfonic acid)buffer solution and/or dimethyl-arsenate buffer solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The chiral drug is ofloxacin, ibuprofen, warfarin, naproxen, ketoprofen, fluoroflurbiprofen, citalopram or propranolol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoanode is a metal titanium anode, ruthenium iridium titanium anode, iridium tantalum titanium anode or ruthenium iridium tin titanium anode. Preferred Method: The photocathode is prepared by (a) preparing a solution containing nickel, molybdenum metal ion, and using an inert metal as anode and a metal material as a matrix and cathode; and (b) carrying out electro-deposition reaction by applying direct voltage, and obtaining a material with nickel molybdenum alloy precursor, and activating by soaking the material in alkaline environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the molar ratio of ethyl 7-methoxy-1-naphthyl-acetate to sodium borohydride is 1:2-5, where the reduction reaction temperature is 70-90 degrees C. In the step (ii) the molar ratio of 7-methoxy-1-naphthyl-ethanol to methanesulfonyl chloride to triethylamine is 1:1-1.5:1-3, where methanesulfonyl chloride was added into dichloromethane solution in dropwise mode. In the step (iii), the molar ratio of 7-methoxynaphthyl-ethyl methanesulfonate to phthalimide is 1:1-1.5. In the step (iv), the molar ratio of N-(7-methoxynaphthyl)ethylphthalimide to sodium hydroxide is 1:5-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic water is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid with a pH of 3-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ultrafiltration membrane can be a tubular or hollow organic membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 3000-10000, preferably not greater than 600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The high-pressure thermal hydrolysis treatment is performed at 120-170 degrees C for 30-60 minutes. The cooling process is performed at 55-60 degrees C. The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation treatment is 50-60 degrees C, and the temperature fluctuation is plus minus 2 degrees C. In the step (iii), the amount of continuous feeding and discharge of the pretreated sludge is 1/10-1/20 of the anaerobic fermentation sludge. The residence time of the mixed sludge in the fermentation tank is 10-20 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. In the step (i), the solid content of the dehydrated sludge is 15-25%, and the mass ratio of the solid alkali and dehydrated sludge is 1-5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves mixing (in parts weight): more than one component chosen from cow dung (1-10), pig manure (1-30), fowl droppings (1-10) and rice hulls (1-20) with the above mixture (100). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Biomass carbon is pyrolytic carbon obtained by biomass pyrolysis process, hydrothermal carbon obtained by hydrothermal treatment, colloidal carbon obtained by in-situ polycondensation carbonized sugar solution got from hydrocellulose and hemicellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The packing comprises ceramics modified and loaded with oxides of manganese, copper, iron and vanadium, and catalyzes the Claus reaction and the oxidation reaction of sulfur-containing product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The foaming agent is charcoal. Preferred Properties: The particle size of the anti-coking agent is less than 0.1 mm. The particle size of magnesium oxide, kaolin, and active alumina is 0.06-0.09 mm. The particle size of the foaming agent is 0.1-0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle size of the magnetic powder is 100 nm to 10 mu m. The magnetic powder is a magnetic iron powder, preferably magnetite and/or gamma -iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sludge cell wall-breaking device comprises two groups of cutting blades with opposite rotation direction, a first driving shaft, a first drive motor, a second driving shaft, a second drive motor and a mixer. The mixer is positioned at the top of the sludge cell wall-breaking device. The magnetic powder buffer box comprises a magnetic powder mixer, a magnetic powder make-up water inlet and a magnetic powder delivery pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves inoculating the above-mentioned yeast into culture medium, culturing medium at 25-35 degrees C and 40-60 revolutions per minute for 20-30 hours, and further inoculating cultured medium into diluted sugarcane molasses solution by adding water to 5-15 wt.% of the sugarcane molasses to obtain diluted sugarcane molasses solution having total equivalent of 5-15 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The sugar content of the processed sugarcane molasses is 75-85 brix, and comprises component (based on 75% dried weight, in wt.%): total organic substances (60-65), sugar (48-56), sucrose (30-40), glucose (5-10), fructose (5-10), non-sugar (9-12), crude protein (2-4), carbohydrate (starch and polysaccharide) (3-5), methoxy group (3-4), organic acid (3-4), lime (10-15) and inorganic substance (8-12). The obtained plant nutritional agent comprises (a) organic acid (in mg/l): phosphoric acid (900-1100), citric acid (200-250), malic acid (9000-10000), oleic acid (25000-35000), formic acid (1000-1500), acetic acid (10000-15000), and propionic acid (3000-4000), (b) amino acids (in mg/100 g): aspartic acid (20-25), threonine (10-15), serine (20-25), asparagine (150-160), glycine (6-10), alanine (500-550), valine (30-40), isoleucine (8-10), leucine (8-13), tyrosine (0.5-1.5), phenylalanine (16-22), lysine (6-10), and proline (20-30), (c) minerals (in mg/kg): calcium (3000-4000), magnesium (2500-3000), sulfur (0.05), iron (120-130), manganese (25-35), boron (35-45), zinc (3-5), molybdenum (0.03), copper (2-5), salts (1-3), and silicon (65-85), and (d) saccharides preferably sugar (3-5 wt.%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Industrialized and electrolyzed water preparing hydrogen device is consubstantial polymer electrolytic cell or consubstantial oxide electrolytic cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor photocatalysis material is titanium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, tin oxide, and/or tungsten oxide. Photo-sensitizer is trisruthenium complex, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, and/or natural pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Metal is silver, platinum, palladium and/or gold. Transition metal ion is molybdenum ion (Mo5+), cobalt (Co2+), vanadium ion (V4+), rare earth ion (Re5+) and rare-earth element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The copper complex is prepared by making tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper hexafluorophosphate (Cu(CH3CN)4PF6) and N-N ligand react at a mole ratio of 1: 2, cooling, purifying to obtain Cu(N-N)2PF6. Preferred Method: The preparation method comprises making 0.5 mmol of Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 and 1 mmol of N-N ligand react to 30 ml of mixed solvent of dichloromethane and methanol having volume ratio of 1: 1 (v/v), reacting for a night, then cooling the mixture to room temperature, spinning dry the solvent and separating the product in silica gel column by eluent of mixture of acetic acid and methanol having volume ratio of 1: 2 (v/v), collecting red current, spinning dry the solvent and drying to obtain dark red product of Cu(N-N)2PF6. Amount of monovalent copper complex in the monovalent copper complex sensitized titanium dioxide is 30-50 mu mol/g. The monovalent copper complex sensitized titanium dioxide is prepared by placing the titanium dioxide in methanol solution with saturated monovalent copper complex to obtain sensitized titanium dioxide while stirring in shadow. The monovalent copper complex dye sensitized titanium dioxide is photoanode using molybdenum electrode as counter electrode, I-/I3- as electrolyte. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Monovalent copper complex is specifically claimed, i.e. formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas sensor includes methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ruthenium source is ruthenium chloride, ammonium chloro-ruthenium, ruthenium nitrate, or ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate. The titanium dioxide is anatase, rutile phase, or nanotitanium dioxide. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, or sodium carbonate solution. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 100-500 degrees C and normal pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alpha , beta -unsaturated ketone is alpha , beta -unsaturated aromatic ketone, alpha , beta -unsaturated heterocyclic aromatic ketone or alpha , beta -unsaturated annular ketone. The alpha , beta -unsaturated ketone is 4-aryl-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-heterocyclic aryl-3-butyl-2-ketone, 2-cyclopentene-1-ketone, 4' and/or 5'substituted-2-cyclopentene-1-ketone, 2-cyclopentene-1-ketone or 3', 4' or 5'-substituted-2-cyclopentene-1-ketone. The substituent is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, 1-4C alkoxy and 1-4C alkyl. The alpha , beta -unsaturated ketone is 4-phenyl-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(4-borophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(3-borophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-borophenyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-furyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone, 4-(2-thienyl)-3-butyl-2-ketone or 2-cyclopentene-1-ketone or 2-cyclohexene-1-ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The forestry byproduct is bamboo leaves or pine needles. Preferred Microorganism: The indigenous microorganism is Lactobacillus parakefiri, or Candida glabrata deposited as KACC93112P. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The device further comprises plate and frame filter press comprising air injecting pipe at lower part, air discharge pipe installed at top and circulating pipe for circulating air ejected in from air discharge pipe, and reaction bath which comprises ultrasonic generator for stirring methoxide and ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of refrigerant is 0.9-1.1 parts weight or 0.7-0.9 parts weight. The refrigerant is methane, ethylene, xenon or krypton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material powder comprises lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-iron oxide, barium-strontium-cobalt-iron oxide, samarium-strontium-cobalt oxide, lanthanum-strontium-iron oxide, lanthanum-strontium-cobalt oxide, lanthanum-strontium-copper oxide and lanthanum-strontium-manganese oxide. The ceria precursor comprises cerium nitrate and chloride. The nitrate of rare-earth metal precursor is samarium nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, europium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, terbium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, holmium nitrate, erbium nitrate, thulium nitrate, and lutetium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonylated agent is chosen from aldehyde or ketone having 1-10 carbon atoms, preferably acetone, cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The acid catalyst is chosen from mineral acid, organic acid or solid acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid or acid zeolite. The organic solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ethane and propane has boiling point of 114 degrees C and 132 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Components: The metal detergent further contains 2,3-di-tert-butyl-P-cresol (0.01-0.05 weight%) as antioxidant, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane or 1-bromo-propane (30-50 weight%) as evaporation rate-controlling agent. The 1,2-dichloropropane is stabilized using activated charcoal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zeolite is 4A-type zeolite, 5A-type zeolite or 13X-type zeolite, and has particle size of 1-10 mu m. The content of zeolite is 0.007-0.012 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing corn straw, fresh clover and sweet potato mixture, castor and tea seed cake, pond sludge, dairy manure, and dry pig manure and mixing; adding crushed organic fertilizer fermenting agent into the mixed materials, then uniformly stirring, stacking, and sealing to ferment for 30 days (in summer) to obtain organic fertilizer; crushing inorganic fertilizer, iron amino acid chelate, copper amino acid chelate, manganese amino acid chelate, zinc humic acid chelate, calcium humic acid chelate, and magnesium humic acid chelate to obtain inorganic powder; and mixing inorganic powder and the organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The colloidal film is resin, colloid, or lipid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biological bacterium liquid A is prepared by adding 1000 ml of distilled water to boil the peeled potato for 30 minutes and then filtering to obtain the filtrate, adding 15-30 g of brown sugar, complementing to 1000 ml of water and then cooling to 28-35 degrees C, mixing Pichia pastoris, Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1 and then taking 40 ml to add and culturing under to 28-35 degrees C for 2-5 days. The biological bacterium liquid B is prepared by adding 1000 ml of distilled water to boil the peeled potato for 30 minutes and then filtering to obtain the filtrate, adding 15-30 g of brown sugar, complementing to 1000 ml of water and then cooling to 28-35 degrees C, mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus thuringiensis and Streptomyces in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1 and then taking to add, and culturing under to 28-35 degrees C for 2-5 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves subjecting quantified pyridine into vaporizer for vaporization, removing the vaporized pyridine by nitrogen, mixing vaporized pyridine with chlorine in mixer to enter fluidized bed, where the molar ratio of pyridine, chlorine and nitrogen is 2-3:4-6:16-24, adding catalyst of cobalt chloride, barium chloride, lanthanum chloride and activated carbon to fluidized bed, adjusting temperature in fluidized bed to 380-410 degrees C and 0.1-0.12 MPa for 1 hour. The step (b) involves subjecting reacted gas into static bed, maintaining same temperature and pressure with the fluidized bed, adding same amount of catalyst and chlorine, reacting gas after first reaction with chlorine again for 1 hour, subjecting mixed reacted gas in static bed to material collector after the reaction, and condensing and drying product to obtain pentachloropyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The annular air inlet device comprises an annular ring connected with to an external air inlet pipeline, and the annular ring is connected with the spray explosion tank shell body through multiple uniformly distributed steam channels. The bearing explosion chamber is buried into the ground. The bearing explosion chamber comprises a bearing explosion chamber shell body, and a bearing explosion chamber feeding port at the top part of the bearing explosion chamber shell is connected with the discharge port of the spray explosion tank shell. The top part of the bearing explosion chamber shell is provided with a first water inlet pipe and a second water inlet pipe, where the first water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet of a first heat recover spiral pipe in the bearing explosion chamber shell, and the water outlet of the first heat recover spiral pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe extending out of the bearing explosion chamber shell. The second water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet of a second heat recover spiral pipe in the bearing explosion chamber shell, and the water outlet of the second heat recover spiral pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe extending out of the bearing explosion chamber shell. The upper part of the bottom discharge port of the bearing explosion chamber shell is provided with a second spiral ribbon stirrer located in the bearing explosion chamber shell. The bottom of the bearing explosion chamber shell is provided with a discharge port, and the lower part of the discharge hole is provided with a discharging transmission belt, and the bearing explosion chamber shell is provided with an air outlet. The annular ring is connected with the spray explosion tank shell body through 6 uniformly distributed steam channels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises C.pyrenoidosa, A.flos-aquae, and Rhodochorton in a weight ratio of 10-50:10-50:10-70, preferably 20-40:20-40:20-50, more preferably 30:30:40.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Algae: The blue-green alga is Anabaena flos-aquae. The green alga is Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The red alga is Rhodochorton. The size of A.flos-aquae is 2-15 microns. The size of the C.pyrenoidosa is 3-5 microns. The size of the Rhodochorton is 8-15 microns. The C.pyrenoidosa has protein content of more than 50% and fat content of 6-7% and comprises several minerals and vitamins, fiber, folic acid, nucleic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Preferred Method: The method further involves respectively preparing the blue-green algae liquid, the green algae liquid, and red algae liquid, and respectively mixing the liquids. The method further involves adding nitrogen source, phosphorus source and inorganic salt solution for the growth of the algae, continuously introducing air and intermittently providing carbon dioxide gas to the mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves uniformly mixing (in parts mass): fish scale or fish bone meal (25-36, preferably 28-32, more preferably 30), leaves (10), livestock manure (43-47, preferably 44-46, more preferably 45), and soil (4-16, preferably 5-15, more preferably 10). The method involves measuring temperature of the compost material every 5 days, until the heaps are maintained at high temperature condition of 60 degrees C for period of 8 days. Preferred Components: The microbial fermentation inoculum comprises (in %): nitrifying bacteria (20-30) and Clostridium thermocellum (70-80). The water content in the fish scales is 80% or less. The leaves are of broadleaved trees or conifers. The pH of the soil is 5-7. The leave or straw is leave pieces or straw pieces having diameter of not greater than 2 cm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The cutter is surgical blade. The Morchella sporocarp is completely sealed or winded with transparent adhesive tape without gap. The antibiotic plate culture medium comprises (in g): potato (400), peat (100), glucose (20), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (1), magnesium sulfate (0.5), yeast extract (50), agar (20), water (1000 ml), streptomycin (30 U/ml), and penicillin (30 U/ml) at pH 5-7. Preferred Method: The method for separating Morchella strains, involves preparing antibiotic plate culture medium by peeling potato, cutting into thin pieces, adding 3000 ml of water to cut pieces, boiling the mixture for 30 minutes, filtering the mixture, obtaining 2000 ml of filtered mixture, adding peat to the above mixture, heating the mixture at low temperature for 20 minutes, filtering the mixture, obtaining 1000 ml of filtrate, adding glucose, yeast extract and agar to the above filtrate, then adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate to the filtrate, boiling the filtrate under low temperature to dissolve agar, obtaining 1000 ml of filtrate, packaging the boiled filtrate into triangular flask at 121-126 degrees C under 0.1-0.14 Mpa, sterilizing the filtrate for 30 minutes, cooling the filtrate to 50 degrees C, adding penicillin and streptomycin of 30 U/ml to the cooled filtrate to obtain medium, and pouring the medium into petri dish, and cooling the medium to obtain solid medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mushroom residue is waste residue after cultivating edible mushroom with raw materials of mushroom, cottonseed hull, sawdust, straw, corncob multiple crop straw, and industrial waste vinasse. The humic acid has more than 40% humic acid total content, pH value of less than 7, and size of 50 mesh. Preferred Method: The fermenting comprises adjusting moisture content to 50%, controlling carbon to nitrogen ratio at 20-30:1, fermenting at 50 degrees C for 5-7 days, drying to adjust water content to less than 20%, and prilling or packing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The inorganic fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride; is at least one of superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; and is potassium sulfate and/or potassium chloride. The organic waste is at least one of the cow dung, pig dung, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, human excrement, aginomoto slag, and agrotechny waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (1-4 (preferably 4)%) of Span 20 (RTM: Sorbitan monolaurate), (1-3 (preferably 3)%) of Span 40 (RTM: Sorbitan monopalmitate), (3-5 (preferably 3)%) of Span 60 (RTM: Sorbitan monostearate), (40-60 (preferably 60)%) of Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate) and (30-50 (preferably 30)%) of pour point depressant. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the pour point depressant to biodiesel is 1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous carrier is zirconia, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), or alumina. The content of titanium-complex oxide composite is 0.5-30 wt.% with respect to the total content of porous carrier. The content of impregnated nickel is 5-30 wt.% with respect to total content of nickel-based catalyst. Preferred Definitions:    M'=potassium, sodium, or lithium;and    M"=calcium or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sand modifying agent has water absorption rate of more than 500%, expansion index of more than 26 ml/2 g, and an adhesive property of more than 600 ml/15 g. The amount of sand modifying agent is 5-60 t/hm2, preferably 30 t/hm2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water being added is 0.2-0.5 times the weight of rhizome curcumae longae powder during decompressing and concentrating until no extraction solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. The amount of nitrate nitrogen is greater than or equal to 20% of the total amount of nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The semi-closed piled fermentation process comprises controlling the pile height to 80-100 cm and width to 2-2.5 m, inserting a thermometer, marking, turning for 3-4 times after the pile core temperature is more than 50 degrees C, reducing the fermenting temperature to room temperature, and fermenting for 20 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is a trace element fertilizer magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and/or manganese sulfate comprising magnesium, zinc, boron and manganese. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises carrying out alumina treatment by absorbing alcohol product after processing by carrying out alumina column chromatography, carrying out gradient elution by using ethanol, and collecting the product solution, where the alumina treatment step is carried out before and after the silica gel column chromatography step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The purity of phosphatidylcholine is more than 98%. The concentration of alcohol utilized during gradient elution is 40-100%. The coarse phospholipids are soybean lecithin, egg yolk lecithin or vegetable oil lecithin. The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. The high-purity phosphatidylcholine product comprises lysophosphatidylcholine (less than 3%). The high-purity phosphatidylcholine product comprises phosphatidyl ethanolamine content (less than 5%). The high-purity phosphatidylcholine comprises (in %) phosphatidylcholine (90-100), phosphatidylethanolamine (0-3) and lysophosphatidylcholine (0-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method of Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes comprises culturing the separated and purified strain for 2 generations, taking activated strains, inoculating into a triangular flask (250 ml) containing a liquid culture medium (50 ml), culturing at optimum temperature at 180 revolutions/minute, inoculating the activated Bacillus subtilis strains using an inoculating needle into the liquid beef extract peptone culture medium (50 ml) in the triangular flask (250 ml), culturing at 180 revolutions/minute for 12 hours to obtain experimental Bacillus subtilis, selecting activated Actinomycetes strains, inoculating into a triangular flask (250 ml) containing Gauze's medium No.1 (50 ml), and culturing at 180 revolutions/minute for 96 hours to obtain the experimental Actinomycetes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is natural zeolite, whose sieved particle size is less than 4 mm. The vermiculite is taken from the Japanese Hongyang Co., Ltd., whose particle size is less than 4 mm. The saw dust is taken from processing plant waste material, where the material is dried at 80 degrees C to obtain the constant weight for the future use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The cosolvent is industrial alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (a) dissolving the crude product of hyodeoxycholic acid by ammonia water (1 mass%), where the mass ratio of hyodesoxycholic acid crude product to ammonia water (1%) is 1:25-30, keeping the mixture at room temperature, stirring the mixture for 5 minutes, filtering and removing insoluble impurities, and collecting the filtrate, (b) removing the soluble fat substance in the filtrate, adding 1/5-1/6 of ethyl acetate equivalent to the volume of the filtrating solution, stirring the mixture for 5 minutes, standing the mixture for 6 hours, removing the ethyl acetate by the siphon to obtain water phase solution, and (c) separating hyodeoxycholic acid, adding water phase into solution beaker, dripping hydrochloric acid with concentration of 10%, measuring the pH value of the solution to be 7-7.2 by a pH meter till separating out white precipitate, continuously slowly stirring and cooling at 10 degrees C, standing the mixture for 6 hours, filtering and washing the mixture with 100 times of the weight of crystal purified water washing and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The purity of the prepared transformation product reaches more than 99 %, and its percentage conversion is 77.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The use method comprises using ammonium thiosulfate for reducing p-dibenzoquinone to obtain p-dioxybenzene, a mole ratio of p-dibenzoquinone to ammonium thiosulfate being 1:1-2.5; filtering p-dioxybenzene crude product; recrystallizing to obtain p-dioxybenzene crystal; and concentrating the mother liquid after filtering the crude product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Mol. ratio of diphenyl ether and diacetonitrile of step (A) is 1:1-1:2. Solvent is toluene, dichloroethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate, where reaction temperature before heating is - 15-0 degrees C. Hydrolyzing temperature of 2-(phenoxy) benzoyl cyanide of step (B) is 25 degrees C, where mol ratio of 2-(phenoxy) benzoyl cyanide and water is 1:0.5-2, salt is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Mol ratio of 2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)-2-oxo acetamide, hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine hydrochloride of step (C) is 1:1-1.5, where reaction temperature is 40-80 degrees C. The ratio of 2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-acetamide to dimethyl sulfate is 1:1.2-3.0, where the solvent is benzene, toluene, dichloroethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate, and reaction temperature is 10-30 (preferably 25) degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): An (S)-(((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl pyridine-2-yl) methyl) sulfanylmethyl) sulfo-ethyl formate is prepared by oxidizing oxygen containing-compound of structure (II) with self-prepared oxidant of nitrogen-containing compound of structure (III) to prepare compound (I) under alkali condition of organic solvent. Preferred Component: The mol ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is 1:0.9-2. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, methylbenzene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide. The alkali is 1,8-diazabicyclo (5.4.0) undec-7-ene-diisopropylethylamines, triethylamine, potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. The mol ratio of sodium hydroxide and compound (I) is 0.9-1:1, preferably 0.9-0.95:1. Preferred Method: The reacting temperature is 0-85 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The hydrophobic mesoporous silica has average pore size of 30-50 Angstrom .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl amine-type surfactant is linear or branched 4-24C alkyl amine or dodecylamine. The organic solvent is toluene or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The chicken manure compost comprises 23.16-25.09% organic matter. The inorganic nutrients comprise (%) nitrogen (9.73-11.65), phosphorus pentoxide (4.71-6.03), potassium oxide (6.72-9.15), calcium (3.6-3.9), and magnesium (0.05-0.11). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In step (a), the acid hydrolysis is performed by reacting 6 N hydrochloric acid (60-70 ml) with livestock carcass (100 g) at 100 degrees C for 5 hours. Preferred Components: The livestock carcass is chosen from carcass of cattle, sheep, goat, horse, pig and domestic fowls. The shell powder is oyster powder or shellfish shell powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex metal oxide contains tungsten-titanium oxide, tungsten-titanium-aluminum oxide, tungsten-zirconium oxide, tungsten-zirconium-aluminum oxide, tungsten-niobium oxide, tungsten-niobium-aluminum oxide, tungsten-tantalum oxide, tungsten tantalum-aluminum oxide, tungsten-tin oxide and tungsten-zinc oxide. The rare earth metal oxide is lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, samarium oxide thorium oxide. The alkaline earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium-silicon oxide, calcium-silicon oxide, strontium-silicon oxide, barium-silicon oxide, magnesium-zinc oxide, calcium-zinc oxide, barium-zinc oxide, calcium-titanium oxide or strontium-titanium oxide. The hydrotalcite contains hydrates (Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3)4H2O, Mg6Al2(OH)16(CO3)4H2O, Mg4Zn2Al2(OH)16(CO3)4H2O, Ca4Al2(OH)12(NO3)2H2O, Ca6Al2(OH)16(NO3)2H2O and Ca4Zn2Al2(OH)16(CO3)4H2O).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The digestion unit comprises modified toroidal rubber inner tube of tire, where the modification is puncture of two holes on opposite sides of the tube to serve as inlet and outlet, with the attachment of threaded plastic fittings with rubber o-ring seals into these two holes. The fittings are used for the connection of flow control valves through pieces of plastic piping to facilitate the feeding and drainage of the digestion unit. The tuber further comprises an additional puncture hole at the top of the unit, where a siphon-type section of plastic piping with an elbow is attached to serve as an overflow line. The gas collection and storage unit comprises an unmodified toroidal rubber inner tube of a tire. The unmodified rubber tube is connected to the modified rubber tube by a length of tubing or hose, which is attached to a one-way gas valve which allows gas flow from the digestion unit to the gas collection and storage unit only. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Condensation reaction is carried out in the presence of condensing agent and acylation catalyst. Condensing agent comprises carbodiimide condensing agent, carbononium salt, phosphonium salt and organophosphorus condensing agent, preferably dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, diisopropyl carbodiimide, 1-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide (preferred), O-(benzotriazole-1-yl)-di(dimethylamino) carbononium tetrafluoroborate, O-(benzotriazole-1-yl)-di(dimethylamino) carbononium hexafluoroborate, O-(N-succinimide)-di(dimethylamino) carbononium tetrafluoroborate, benzotriazole-1-yloxy-tri(pyrrolidine) phosphonium hexafluoroborate and sulfo dimethylphosphoryl nitrine. Acylation catalyst is 4-N,N-dimethyl pyridine and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The acid condition is condition with presence of inorganic acid and/or organic acid. MECHANISM OF ACTION - Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of ZnO to Cr2O3 in ZnO/Cr2O3 catalyst is 0.2-1.5. The Cu-A-B-O catalyst contains 10-50 wt.% Cu as active element, 0-50 wt.% auxiliary agent A e.g. Zn, Cr, manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), and/or iron (Fe) oxide, and 0-50 wt.% auxiliary agent B e.g. zirconium (Zr), boron (B), cerium (Ce), silicon (Si), and/or titanium (Ti) oxide. Preferred Processes: The ZnO/Cr2O3 catalyst is prepared by preparing mixed nitrate solution of Zn and Cr according to molar ratio of ZnO and Cr2O3, precipitating nitrate solution of Zn and Cr by alkali, washing and drying, and molding to obtain the catalyst. The Cu-A-B-O catalyst is prepared by performing coprecipitation of Cu with mixture of A and B using mixed nitrate solution of metal ions together with anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution according to the proportion of each element in the Cu-A-B-O catalyst under constant pH and constant agitation speed, sufficiently washing precipitate by deionized water, leaching and drying for 1-10 hours at 80-150 degrees C, and calcining for 1-20 hours at 400-1000 degrees C to obtain the catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 150-350 degrees C, reaction pressure is 0.5-8 OMPa, GHSV is 500-50000, and H2/CO ratio is 2-15. Preferred Processes: Catalyst is reduced by H2 or H2 diluted by inert gas or synthetic gas, and then takes part in the reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid and liquid organic waste contains metal elements of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, calcium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and/or cadmium. The active element (0.1-3 wt.%) of the catalyst comprises ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, molybdenum, iridium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and cerium, or a compound, which is insoluble in water or hardly soluble in water and formed by a metal. A carrier of the catalyst comprises zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica or titanium dioxidezircon and/or alumina-silica-zircon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) during the first and second fermentation processes is maintained at 0.2-0.5 parts per million (ppm). In the step (d) concentration of the DO is maintained at 1 ppm or more. The method involves removing impurities from the liquid and bubbles produced during the fermentation processes or preventing formation of bubbles during fermentation processes. The temperature of the above-mentioned fermenters is maintained at 25-50 degrees C during self-heating process. The method further involves subjecting the processed liquid to high-speed fermentation under highly aerobic conditions. The sludge produced after first and second fermentation processes is transferred to the another fermenter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The intermixing device comprises a paddle mixer, installed on pipe with rotation capability around central axis. The device includes an Archimedes screw, installed with rotation capability around central axis. The inner surface of casing is made of polymeric material comprising Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene) or polyethylene. In the device, spout nozzle is connected to internal volume through tube of liquid supply.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Support: The porous pipe support is formed using a paste obtained by mixing calcia yttria-stabilized zirconia, activated coal powder, binder and distilled water. The fuel anode is formed using slurry obtained by mixing nickel oxide/yttria-stabilized zirconia compound powder (in wt.%) (18-23), binder (3-7), uniform system (0.5-3), dispersing agent (0.05-0.3), plasticizer (4-7) and solvent (65-70).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate. The solvent is mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol and toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is BM1, BM2 or polyvinyl butyral. The dispersing agent is SN-dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pH of molasses alcohol ferment waste liquid is 5.5-5.9, preferably 5.8. The activation time for microbial inoculum is 3-7 days, preferably 5 days and the activating temperature is 30/|3 degrees C. The weight ratio of supernatant liquid, animal excrement, sugarcane residue and microbial inoculum is 100-1000:500-2000:100-500:1, preferably 300-700:600-1000:200-400:1, more preferably 500:700:300:1. The animal excrement is chosen from dairy manure, pig manure and chicken manure. The fermentation process is carried out for 5 days, preferably 2-4 days, more preferably 3 days and adding precipitate continuously for 10-15 days, preferably 11-14 days, more preferably 12 days. The concentration of C.fIavigena is 0.8x 109-2x 108, preferably 1-1.7x 108 g, L.casei is 6x 107-1.2x 108, preferably 8.2x 107-1x 108 g, A.vinelandii is 2-8x 107, preferably 3.7-5.5x 107 g, pea root nodule bacteria is 1-3x 108, preferably 1.9-2.2x 108 g, A.niger is 7.3-8x 106, preferably 7.7-7.8x 106 g, A.oryzae is 6-10x 106, preferably 8.1-9x 106 g, H.insolens is 2-8x 106, preferably 3.9-5.3x 106 g and R.oligosporus var. tuberosus is 5-7x 106, preferably 5.5-6.5x 106 g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Device: The marsh gas purifying device is further connected with a marsh gas generating device (10). The aerobic compost device is further connected with a fertilizer production device (12). The dryer is further connected with a tailing collecting device (13). The system further comprises mixer which is provided with a stirrer (7). Preferred Method: The anaerobic digestion is performed at 54-56 degrees C and at pH of 7-7.2 to generate methane and carbon dioxide from the solid waste, where the discharged solid waste comprises 25-30% of nitrogen. The aerobic compost device rapidly propagates microorganism at temperature to discharge waste with solid content of 65% or more. The method further involves drying the product that is obtained from aerobic compost device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is bentonite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fertilizer comprises (in g) cow dung with a moisture content of 35% (1000), pig manure with a moisture content of 65% (1000), ferrous sulfate (50) and ground insect kill (5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high density cylindrical particle has soot maximum allowable emission concentration of 30 mg/m3, and sulfur oxide maximum allowable emission concentration of 50 mg/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Methanol and gasoline are uniformly mixed according to volume ratio methanol:gasoline of 0.2-3:100 and modulated into modified methanol. Modified methanol, anti-swelling agent, corrosion inhibitor, energy consumption reduction agent, and national standard gasoline are blended to obtain methanol-gasoline co-solvent containing 10-85 vol.% methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Lipase is Candida lipase, bacillus subtilis lipase, or immobilized macrobarchium nipponense lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali heterogeneous catalyst is calcium oxide (CaO), CaO-zeolite, or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, or butanol. Co-solvent is n-hexane, n-heptane, or n-decane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Material: The expelling-parasite plant material is wormwood, Mentha haplocalyx or yellow cinnamon leaves. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves selecting the suitable season for cultivating fungus, where the season is spring of March to April, and selecting mango tree of height 1.2-1.6 m, and width of crown is 1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, the separating culture medium contains 1-3% agar, 10-15% sucrose, 5-10% methamidophos, 5-10% diazinon, 2-5% calcium chloride, 2-5% sodium chloride, and 52-75% phosphorus solution. The concentrated culture medium contains 1-3% agar, 10-15% fructose, 3-5% sodium chloride, 10-15% malathion and 62-76% phosphorus solution. The ferment culture liquid contains 5-10% methamidophos, 20-30% fishbone, 5-10% diazinon, 10-15% glucose, 0.5-1% yeast extract, and 34-60% phosphorus solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological fertilizer is packed in a 25-50 kg plastic packaging bag. Preferred Method: The preparation method of Trichoderma chlamydospore mixed bacteria liquid comprises: (a) inoculating the Trichoderma into solid medium potato glucose agar, fostering the inoculated medium at 25 degrees C for 3-5 days, allowing the fostered medium to produce bacteria bread using 0.5-1 mm hole puncher, inoculating the bacteria bread into a triangular flask containing liquid nutrient medium, under a speed of 180-220 rpm, where the flask is placed in a disinfection chamber, and fermenting the medium at 25-28 degrees C for 4-6 days to obtain a mother culture; and (b) inoculating the mother culture into seed fermentation liquor, and fermenting the mixture at 28 degrees C for 6-7 days under a pressure of 180-220 kPa and a stirring speed of 160-180 rpm. The liquid nutrient medium is prepared by dispensing potato glucose into 250-500 ml triangular flask, and fertilizing the potato glucose at 115 degrees C for 30 minutes. The seed fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing 2.5-5 mass% of core starch, 1-2.5 mass% of fish meal, 0.1 mass% of ammonium sulfate and water, adjusting a pH value of the mixture to 3.5, and fertilizing the mixture at 115 degrees C for 30 minutes. ACTIVITY - ACTIVITY -Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode is composed of a conductive substrate coated with a metallic oxide catalyst layer. The conductive substrate is made of stainless steel, titanium, nickel, molybdenum and glass. The metallic oxide catalyst layer is made of cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, manganese oxide, and their mixture. The anode is chosen from stainless steel foil (SUS foil), stainless steel plate (SUS plate), platinum foil (Pt foil) or conductive glass plate. The cathode is chosen from stainless steel foil (Pt/SUS foil) in which platinum or carbon granule is dipped, stainless steel foil (SUS foil), and platinum foil (Pt foil). The separation film is anion exchange membrane or cation exchange membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed refrigerant composition comprises (in wt.%): isobutane (40-55, preferably 47-49), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro propene (30-45, preferably 37-39), fluorinated ethylene (5-15, preferably 10-12) and fluoromethane (1-5, preferably 2-4). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lower end of the barrel body is inverted cone-shaped. The oxygen pipe is connected segmentally.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol solvent (a) is methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. The organic solvent (b) is toluene or methylene chloride. The solvent (c) is tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or aqueous ammonia having concentration of 40 %mass. The organic solvent (d) is chosen from toluene, ethyl acetate and ethyl ether. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide having concentration of 4-12 %mass, potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. The alcohol solvent (e) is methanol and ethanol. The organic solvent (f) is ether or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The filtering step is carried out by gauze filtering and ceramic film filtering, preferably, filtering for 2 times via three layers of gauze and filtering for one time via ceramic film. Preferred Components: The volume ratio of the 80% of ethanol solution to the cortex Eucommie is 2-4:1. The proper added antioxidant is ascorbic acid. The ratio (V/g) of the filtrate volume to the ascorbic acid is 25-50:8. The ethanol solution is prepared from water having 6.5 pH and the concentration of the ethanol solution is 50%. The final concentration of the ethanol is 35%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The extraction method further comprises conducting wet grinding to soapberry pericarp before the step (1) and and filtering the extraction solution after the step (1). The extraction of the soapberry pericarp adopts water extracting and assisting ultrasound extraction method, where the ultrasound time of ultrasound extraction is 10-15 minutes. In the extraction method, the mass ratio of pericarp and water is 1:4-1:12, the extraction temperature is 35-60 degrees C and time is 60-150 minutes. The nitrogen floatation used in step (2) adopts flotation equipment to separate and concentrate the soapberry saponin extracting solution, where the nitrogen flotation equipment has a flow rate of 60-75 vol.% and a temperature of 35-40 degrees C. The step of conducting wet grinding to soapberry pericarp adopts millstone mill equipment to conducting wet grinding to soapberry pericarp, where the pericarp concentration is 20-33% and the sieve pore aperture ( phi ) is 2-7 mm. In the filtering step, the residue has a water component of less than 40%. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Antiinflammatory; Fungicide; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (2) comprises taking 3000 pbw of beef albumin or human serum albumin and 1500 pbw of sinomenine. The step (3) comprises taking beef albumin or human serum albumin and sinomenine, adding 100 pbw of water and then filtering to obtain clean solution after completely dissolving, spray drying the solution by a spray dryer to obtain the white powder microballoon, and putting the microballoon in the baking box at 120 degrees C and then heating for 7 hours to obtain slow release microballoon, where the inlet temperature is 110 degrees C and the air outlet temperature is 60-70 degrees C. The strong cation exchange resin in step 1 is 001x 2.5 and 001x 4-type resin. A macroporous resin is 152-type. A diameter-height ratio is 1:10. A weight of 4% times of activated carbon is added in step 1 C. A concentration of ethanol while heating and back flowing are 40%, 55%, 60%, 75% or 80%. The sampling speed in step 1 B is 3 times by volume/hours, sinking the resin by 10% of ammonia solution or 5% of hydrochloric acid solution. The ammonia water-ethanol solution with pH of 8-11 is taken as washing solution of cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the vaccine, comprises preparing rabbit source antigen with the attenuated lapinized vaccine strain of classical swine fever virus (CVCC AV1412) through the conventional method, preferably adding 0.06 g of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei thallus to each part vaccine containing 0.01-0.1 mg, uniformly mixing the mixture, and freezing the mixture to obtain vaccine (rabbit source or cell source). Preferred Method: The inactivated Mycobacterium phlei thallus is fermented by culturing the Mycobacterium phlei thallus CGMCC AS 4.1180 and inactivating the strain with beta -propiolactone. ACTIVITY - Antipyretic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Vaccine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is blast furnace slag, zeolite, coke or active carbon fiber. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid and/or methanesulfonic acid. Reaction time between compound (II) and compound (III) is 2-10 hours and reaction temperature is 30-80 degrees C. Organic solvent both for compound (II) and compound (III) is dichloromethane, trichloromethane, and/or anhydrous ethanol. Part ratio of p-toluenesulfonic acid to methanesulfonic acid is 1:1 by weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: the sulfonate catalyst is sulfuric acid or sulfate. The oxidant is nitric acid, or hydrogen peroxide. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The tobacco waste material comprises tobacco sticks, tobacco branches, tobacco stems, tobacco flowers, tobacco scums, bottom leaves and part of top leaves.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The condensing condition is not less than 100 thousand mu g/mL. Spray drying condition is that material liquid does not change to muddy after adding silver nitrate reagent. Regenerating process of acetate anion exchange resin comprises packing the acetate anion exchange resin, preparing acetic acid solvent with mass density of 3-10%; passing acetate anion exchange resin to be regenerated into 2 bed volume (BV) acetic acid solvent, immersing for 8 hours, washing with deionized water to pH of resin to more than 4.0; keeping specific conductance of not more than 50 mu s/cm, and washing with purified water to more than 1 BV; and filtering out wash water and obtaining regenerating acetate anion exchange resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Method: Acetate anion exchange resin is 732 acetate anion exchange resin. The hydroxyl anion exchange resin is 732 hydroxyl anion exchange resin. The acarbose material liquid passes through acetate anion exchange resin with speed of 0.5-2 times resin volume/hour. Acarbose material liquid passes through hydroxyl anion exchange resin with speed of 0.5-2 times resin volume/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The filter process in step (B) is gauze filtration with 3 layers of gauze, or ceramic membrane filtration. Ethanol solution in step (C) is made up of water with pH value of 6.5 and ethanol. Final concentration of ethanol solution is 35%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil extraction process is mechanical oil extraction process. The alcoholic organic solvent is ethanol. The chlorinated hydrocarbon is chloroform. The ether solvent is petroleum ether. The alcohol solvent is methanol. The elution system used by the chromatography is chloroform-acetone system. The weight ratio of the chloroform and acetone in the chloroform-acetone system is (10-15): 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkaline aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, potassium carbonate aqueous solution, or potassium bicarbonate water solution. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the ratio of the volume of concentrated solution to the weight of Centella asiatica, accounts to 1 l:1 kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the step (ii) the macroporous resin column is AB-8, HPD100 or D101 resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline composite additive comprises (in parts weight) cosolvent (75-85), dispersion stabilizer (3-5), power accelerator (0.1-0.5), vapor pressure regulating inhibitor (10-15), rubber swelling inhibitor (0.5-1) and metal corrosion inhibitor (0.5-2). The cosolvent comprises (in parts weight) propylene glycol monomethyl ether (20-30), diisopropyl ether (20-40) and dimethyl carbonate (20-35). The dispersion stabilizer is dipolyoxyethylene fatty amine, dipolyoxyethylene fatty acid amide or anhydrosorbitol fatty acid ester. The power accelerator is methyl cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl manganese or ferrocene. The vapor pressure regulating inhibitor is alkyl methoxy isobutyrate, lithium isooctanoate or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The rubber swelling inhibitor is 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. The metal corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole. The modified methanol comprises (in weight%) methanol gasoline composite additive (3-8) and industrial methanol (92-97).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves obtaining sodium ferrous chlorophyllin and anhydrous aluminum chloride in the ratio of 2:1, dissolving sodium ferrous chlorophyllin in water, dissolving the anhydrous aluminum chloride in buffering solution (pH 7), mixing the dissolved solutions, stirring the obtained mixture at 1000 revolutions per minute (rpm), reacting the obtained mixture under room temperature, aging the obtained mixture at room temperature for 4-9 hours, drying the obtained product at 50-80 degrees C to obtain dark green aluminum ferrous chlorophyll, analyzing iron and aluminum content in the aluminum ferrous chlorophyll using spectrophotometry, and calculating the yield, where solution color is changed to light yellow and black from dark green, and UV spectrogram and IR spectrogram are used for analyzing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is obtained by ligand stabilization method. The average particle size of nanowire is 1-1000 nm. The biomass comprises compound containing oxygen. The hydrogenated deoxygenation is performed at 200-1000 degrees C and hydrogen pressure of 10-200 atm in fluid bed reactor or slurry reactor. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The content of P2O5 in the baked and crushed powder product having grain size of greater than or equal to 100 mesh is 4-12%. The sulfuric acid is industrial sulfuric acid, waste acid, or recycled sulfuric acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid binding agent is an inorganic alkali sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diphenylmethyl)acetamide to piperazine monohydrochloride is 1:1.28. The phase transfer catalyst is benzyl triethylammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: Porous ceramic support or porous nickel support is used in the manufacturing process. The porous ceramic support is silicon carbide ceramic foam. The difference of the surface temperature and inner temperature of the porous support is 50 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide catalyst containing ceria is obtained by immersing ceria in zirconia, alumina or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium salt additive preferably comprises at least 30 wt.% of calcium chloride salt, preferably 70 wt.%, 80 wt.%, 90 wt.% or 98 wt.%. The amount of calcium salt additive relative to the calculated dry matter content of slurry is 0.03-1.5 wt.%, preferably 0.16-0.5 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The microbial agent comprises photosynthetic bacterium and zymogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The disinfectant is sodium dichloroisocyanurate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The humic-containing base material further comprises brown coal. The fertilizer contains mixture of peat and brown coal as humic-containing base material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mass-volume ratio of potassium pyrophosphate and potassium hydroxide solution is 3-4%. Mass-volume ratio of vanadium pentoxide and potassium hydroxide solution is 3-7%. Concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is 20-30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The condenser, second evaporator and third evaporator are connected to a plate-fin heat exchanger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises palladium, platinum and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanomaterial having pore diameter of 2-50 nm is doped with metal cation or metal ion, where the metal ion is selected from goethite, hydrohematite, akaganeite, maghemite or schwertmannite. The metallic cation is selected from cobalt, manganese, nickel, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, aluminum, silicon, germanium, tin, antimony, bismuth, strontium, magnesium or calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular sieve (M41S) is selected from (CTA) Si-MCM-41, (CTA) Si-MCM-48 or (CTA) Si-MCM-50. The silica compound is selected from silicon dioxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate, sodium silicate, CAB-O-SIL (RTM: Very high surface fumed silica), tetramethylammonium silicate or colloidal silica. The mineralizing agent is selected from tetramethylammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The structure directing agent is a quaternary ammonium salt selected from hexyl trimethylammonium bromide, hexyl trimethylammonium chloride, octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, octyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, decyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerized monomer is selected from aromatic vinyl compound including styrene, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrotalcite is of formula: ((X2+)1-nY'3+n(OH)2)(power)(b+)((A(power)(c-))b/c).mH2O.X=magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt, strontium, barium, copper, lithium, sodium and/or iron cation;Y'=aluminum, indium, gallium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, gallium, boron, lanthanum and/or cerium cation;A=O3, NO3, SO4, Cl, OH, Cr, I, SiO3, HPO3, MnO4, HGaO3, HVO4, ClO4, and/or BO3 anion;b=depends on charge of cations;c=1, 2 or 3;m=0-4;andn=0.2-0.33.The hydrotalcite comprises magnesium oxide (63 wt.%) and alumina (remainder).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Hydrotalcite is regenerated by washing with recycled solvent chosen from toluene, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, dimethyl ether, and/or methyl t-butyl ether. The raw material is obtained from rapeseed oil, palm oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, tall oil, fish tallow, lard, and/or micro algae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The enhancer is nickel, cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, cesium, iron, cobalt, magnesium, copper, platinum, gold, palladium, rhodium, ytterbium, silver, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, gold, vanadium, tin or calcium. The aluminum precursor is aluminum nitrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum phosphate hydrate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate hexahydrate or aluminum ammonium dodecahydrate. The nickel precursor used in the manufacturing process is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate or nickel bromide hydrate. The enhancer precursor used in the manufacturing process is metal acetate hydrate, metal nitrate hydrate, metal chloro hydrate or metal bromo hydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The control path gel nickel-alumina catalyst comprises the nickel aluminate phase in which the nickel is dispersed in the alumina of the spinel form. In the catalyst, an aluminum precursor selected from at least one of aluminum nitrate scull or hydrate, the aluminum fluoride trihydrate, and the aluminum phosphate hydrate and aluminum chloride hexahydrate is used. Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the aluminum precursor mixes the alcohol (100 parts by weight) at a ratio of 10-30 parts by weight. The method (M1) involves heating the manufacturing solution with alcohol solution at 50-80 degrees C; adding the solution (0.4-1 parts by weight), and water (0.4-1 parts by weight) to give sol; cooling at 40-60 degrees C; mixing sol with the mixture of alcohol and water (15-50 parts by weight); and aging for 3-10 hours at room temperature. The drying step includes performing into the aluminum foil in which the hole of 10-20 is opened at 60-80 degrees C. The heat treating of the dried gel is occurred at 600-900 degrees C for 3-10 hours. The pre-processed step is the manufacturing method of the nitrogen and methane at 20-40 ml/minute for 3-10 hours while the methane spill the hydrogen at 3-15 ml/minute doing reduction and processing in 700-800 degrees C. The methane which spills the synthetic gas and nitrogen to the catalyst with space velocity of 1000 ml/hour.g; and the method (M2) includes performing into the reaction temperature of 230-340 degrees C in the pressure condition of 0-20 bar, where the hydrogenation stage comprises the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In the manufacturing method of methane, the volume ratio of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen is greater than or equal to 1:3; and the volume ratio of nitrogen and carbon monoxide is 1-4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: In the molybdenum catalyst nickel is additionally dipped in the carrier. The molybdenum catalyst contains (parts by weight (pbw)): molybdenum (1-90) and nickel (0.05-20). In the molybdenum catalyst, the carrier has the surface area of more than 1 m2/g cat. Preferred Method: The molybdenum precursor is dissolved in the deionized water of 1-100 allocation map of the total catalyst weight ratio. The step of mixing the carrier in the solution is mixed in 10-90 degrees C for 1 hour. The method additionally involves step of manufacturing nickel-molybdenum catalyst. The step of drying is performs at 50-150 degrees C; and the step of plasticizing is performs at 100-1400 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carrier is selected from zirconia, Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ceria-zirconia, alumina, ceria, titania, silica, or silica-alumina. The molybdenum precursor is ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate. The nickel precursor is nickel acetate, nickel nitride or nickel chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alloy: The amphoteric metallic alloy further contains amphoteric metal oxide and amphoteric metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ligand is allyl, 2,4-hexadiene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene and/or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst is added to ammonia borane solution obtained by dissolving ammonia borane in hydrocarbon based solvent, polar solvent or other solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compost further comprises (pts.wt.) calcium superphosphate (0.5) and edible salt (0.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The wood chips are dried in oven at 50-120 degrees C for 30 minutes to 2 hours, to control the moisture. The amount of air injected during combustion is 5-100 ml/minute. Preferred Properties: The moisture content of dried wood chips is 3-20 wt.%. The wood chips have particle diameter of 5-30 nm, and width of 1-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid solution is aqueous solution of acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, malic acid, formic acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, silicic acid, sulfurous acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Nafion 115 (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) film, Nafion 212 (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) film, or Nafion 117 (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The pollutants removal step is divided by the light color amount or electricity charges. The culture condition is carried out by a LED red light source with an illumination intensity of 1300-1800 mu mole.m2S1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing pyrolysis at 225-320 degrees C for 5-40 minutes. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The processing time for the microwave or ultrasonic treatment is 1-80 minute(s), preferably 4-20 minutes. Preferred Components: The activator is a mixture of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, an organic base, sodium glutamate slag, yeast slag, furfural slag or citric acid slag, where the weight ratio of the activator to the water insoluble potassium ore is 0.03-0.60:1, preferably 0.05-0.15:1. The water-insoluble potassium ore is a mixture of potassium feldspar, mica or granite, or a shale containing potassium. The weight ratio of: sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/calcium oxide to the water insoluble potassium ore is 0.03-0.60:1; the organic base to the water insoluble potassium ore is 0.03-0.55:1; and sodium glutamate slag/yeast slag/furfural slag/citric acid slag to the water-insoluble potassium ore is 0.03-0.50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic base, which is black liquor, sodium lignin or potassium lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The process of de-oiling the kitchen waste comprises separating the waste oil, catalytically treating with nano-silicon catalyst to facilitate resin exchange, performing distillation, filtering and separating, and purifying to obtain biodiesel oil along with the production of biological glycerine, and separating through filtration to obtain biological glycerine. The method comprises taking the de-oiled kitchen waste to prepare humic acid, dissolving the de-oiled kitchen waste, saccharifying, and simultaneously obtaining bioethanol and humic acid, separating by distillation, solid-liquid separation, catalysis, polycondensation, and purification to obtain biological humic acid. The method further comprises purifying the impurities in the humic acid residue, fermenting and drying to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding water directly to the mixture of ibuprofen and arginine, or adding water into ibuprofen and arginine, or adding water into the mixture of ibuprofen and arginine. The reaction temperature is 15-50 degrees C, preferably 25 degrees C, and the reaction time is 6 hours, preferably 2 hours. The molar ratio of ibuprofen and atmospheric acid is 1:0.9-1.1, preferably 1:0.99. The weight ratio of ibuprofen and the atmospheric acid to the total weight of water is 1:0.7-4, preferably 1:1. The reaction solution before drying is filtered using microfiltration membrane filter of 0.1-0.5 mu m, preferably 0.22 mu m. The drying is spray drying method, vacuum drying, or freeze-drying. The drying condition of the bed layer of the spraying drying is as follows: air inlet amount is 10-25 m3/hour, the air inlet temperature is 80-120 degrees C; the material temperature is 40-60 degrees C; air outlet temperature is 25-45 degrees C; the rotating speed is 2-10 revolutions/minute; and atomizing pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa. The vacuum drying conditions is as follows: the vacuum degree is -0.01 to -0.1 MPa; heating temperature is 40-60 degrees C; and the drying time is 5-16 hours. The drying conditions of the freeze-drying are as follows: freezing time is 4-6 hour; the temperature is -40 to -50 degrees C; sublimating time is 15-35 hours; temperature is -40 to -50 degrees C; the drying time is 6-20 hours; the drying temperature is 0-30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The purification method of the product in the first step involves: dissolving the coarse product in methanol and ethanol solvents, slowly adding the ethanol solution of the product to water, separating out the product having higher purity, where the ethanol is preferably used as the elutriation solvent; and the purification method of the product in the second step involves: pulping the coarse product with a small amount of isopropyl acetate, and then filtering, cleaning, extracting and drying the coarse product to obtain the product with higher purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and/or dioxane. The acid-binding agent is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, diisopropyl ethylamine or pyridine. Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon compound to the celastrol is (1.1:1)-(1.5:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methane gas is mixed gas in rich of methane such as natural gas, oil field gas, coal bed gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas or petroleum refining dry gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The re-condensing device utilizes different types of inert gas. The filler is made of low temperature resistant stainless steel or other material of cylindrical structure stacked by combining into cylindrical structural body, which is used for sufficiently exposing the liquefied natural gas and evaporated gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: Low boiling point hydrocarbon such as 4C alkane is led out from the tower top into the first gas-liquid separating tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (iii) further comprises dipping the film carrier in suspension slurry for 5-30 minutes, removing and blowing away the redundant liquid, and drying; and the step (iv) further comprises dipping the film carrier in 0.5-2 mol/l of curing solution for 5-30 minutes, removing, drying and calcining at 300-600 degrees C for 1-5 hours. The step (i) further comprises mixing 1-5 ml/g of sodium silicate solution/solid superacid of ratio 0.2-1 mol/l, and preparing into suspension slurry; and the step (iii) comprises directly coating the slurry on the pretreated ceramic film surface, drying and repeating for 1-10 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The temperature is maintained at 35-60 degrees C. The content of coco peat and sludge organic matter is 70 parts weight and 10-15 parts weight, preferably 15 parts weight respectively. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (b), pH is adjusted to 5.1-5.4, preferably 5.3. In step (b), concentration of manganese chloride tetrahydrate is 13 mg/l, concentration of zinc sulphate heptahydrate is 6 mg/l, concentration of nickel chloride hexahydrate is 50 mu m/l, cobalt chloride octahydrate is 15 mu m/l, concentration of pantothenic acid is 5 ml/l, concentration of inositol is 100 mg/l and concentration of vitamin B1 is 100 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: In the step (iii), after screening, the large granular materials are crushed and introduced into a granulating machine. The poultry excrement is a mixture of sheep manure, chicken manure and pig manure with a ratio of 2:1:1; and the pre-fermenting time is 1-3 days. The amount of microbial strains added is 0.12-0.23 % of the pre-fermented materials, preferably 0.18%. The fermentation temperature is 50-70 degrees C, preferably 65 degrees C. The weight ratio of the fermented materials and the crushed crop waste is 1:0.12-0.25, preferably, 1:0.2. The moisture content of the mixed material in the step (ii) is 55-68%, preferably 65%. In the step (iii), after screening, the amount of 100-60 meshes raw material is 30-40%, the amount of 60 meshes to 1 mm raw material is 35%, and the amount of small particles of 1-2 mm is 25-30%; and after granulation, the diameter of the granulated particles is 1.5-4.5 mm, preferably 3 mm. The stoving temperature is not greater than 45 degrees C, preferably 35 degrees C; and the hot blast temperature when contacting with materials is not greater than 130 degrees C, preferably 115 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer additive comprises (in wt.%) functional microbial fungicide composition (0.5-5), amino acid (0.5-5), humic acid powder (10-60), zeolite powder (20-80), shell powder (20-80), silico-calcium powder (20-80) and fused calcium magnesium phosphate (20-80). The functional microbial fungicide composition comprises nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus licheniformis and/or Trichoderma. The amino acid is a polar amino acid with polar negative charge including polyaspartic acid and/or polyglutamic acid. The humic acid powder is powdery humic acid, and the humic acid comprises pure humic acid, nitro humic acid, sodium humic acid and/or potassium humate salt material. The silico-calcium powder is low iron-aluminum containing high calcium silicon mineral powder. The additive is powder. The additive is compost fermented in the organic fertilizer raw material after preparing the mixed material. The grain size of the powder mixture is greater than 100 meshes. Preferred Method: In step (iii), the pH of the mixed material is controlled to 6-8. In step (iv), the turn heaping fermenting time of the mixed material is 10-15 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises introducing the hot hydrolysis liquid into a counter-current washing vessel, washing the cellulose and hemicellulose using solvent and then using deionized water to obtain pure cellulose and hemicellulose, allowing the high-concentration washing residual liquid into a distillation tower and then separating solvent to obtain furfural and lignin, performing enzymolysis of obtained pure cellulose and hemicellulose in a container, adding cellulose enzyme solution, surface active agent and pH buffer solution into the container, sealing the container using fresh-keeping film, maintaining the temperature of the container to 50 degrees C, and performing enzymatic hydrolysis in a rotary shaker for 48 minutes to obtain degraded sugar. The fermentation step is performed by taking the liquefied liquid, adding alcohol into a fermentation tank, adding ammonium sulfate, hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate and pH buffer solution, at the same time, adding high temperature resistant high-activity brewing yeast solution, sealing the fermentation tank using fresh-keeping film, maintaining the temperature of the tank to 37 degrees C to perform alcoholic fermentation for 60 hours, and performing distillation of the fermented mixture to obtain cellulose fuel ethanol. The hydrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 110-145 degrees C for 10-35 minutes. Preferred Components: The solvent is formic acid (preferred) (48-58 (preferably 50-58) wt.%), phytic acid (2-5 wt.%) or furfural acid (1-3 wt.%). The straw is corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, or Sorghum straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises rice water (2.7kg), vegetable (0.8 kg), dry leaf (0.8 kg), egg shell (55 g), bean dregs (280 g), and fish viscera (220 g). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step of preparing nanometer ferrous sulfate and nanocarbon, comprises stirring the ferrous sulfate and nanocarbon at a speed of 3 /asterisk 104 rpm 2 hours, adding dispersing agent to the mixture, depressurizing and suction filtering the mixture, cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, and drying the obtained precipitate at 105 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The part ratio of the compound (i), acetic anhydride and para-toluenesulfonic acid is 1 wt.:15 vol. to 45 vol.:0.4 wt. to 0.7 wt.. The part ratio of the compound (ii), glycol, water removal agent and para-toluenesulfonic acid is 1 wt.:3 vol. to 7 vol.:3 vol. to 5 vol.:0.01 wt. to 0.3 wt.. The borohydride salt is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride. The part ratio of ketal product and borohydride salt is 1 wt.:0.5 wt. to 0.62 wt.. The acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid. The part ratio of the reduzate and acid is 1 wt.:0.04 wt. to 0.06 wt..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw raw material is crushed to particle size of 0.5-1 cm. The volatile fatty acid is methanoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid or isobutyric acid, preferably acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (c) is carried out at a temperature of 80-90 degrees C. The cooling step is carried out by adding water with the half of the volume of the reaction solution. The standing and layering step is carried out for 10-15 minutes. The remained mother solution obtained after separating the sodium iodate crystal is added into sodium persulfate for oxidization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The agar original algal is polysaccharides red alga, which uses the agar as the cell wall, comprising agar weed, Gracilaria or nori. The step (c) of agar degradation bacteria is Pseudoalteromonas atlantica ATCC 192632. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidant is potassium permanganate or sodium permanganate. The strong base solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, or potassium carbonate solution. The reducing agent is sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or sodium metabisulfite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dosage ratio of alpha -pinene and water is 1g/1-4 mL, preferably 1g/2-3 mL. The dosage ratio of alpha -pinene and the alcohol solvent is 1g/8-16 mL, preferably 1g/10-15. The mole ratio of alpha -pinene and the peroxidation inhibitor is 1:1.1-2, preferably 1:1.2-2.5. The mole ratio of alpha -pinene and the oxidant is 1:3-8 (preferably 1:5-7). The mole ratio of alpha -pinene with a strong base is 1:0.8-1.8 (preferably 1:1-1.5). The mole ratio of alpha -pinene with the reducing agent is 1:10-16 (preferably 1:12-14). The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, isopropanol, or n-butyl alcohol. The peroxidation inhibitor is glycol or propanetriol. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 15-35 (preferably 20-30) degrees C. The heat preservation time is 3-8 (preferably 4-6) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of the N-bromosuccinimide to (II) is 1-2:1, preferably 1-1.5:1. Preferred Method: The reaction is conducted in the presence of azobisisobutylamidine, or preferably azobisisobutyronitrile. The reaction is carried out at 0-60 (preferably 20-50) degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves adding water to S.baicalensis in volume mass ratio of 6-20 and heating the mixture at 60-100 degrees C and extracting the mixture for 1-3 times. The mixture is extracted for 1-4 hours. The step (b) involves removing impurities by elution process using water and then using ethanol-water (10-30, preferably 10%). The step (b) involves continuing the elution process using ethanol-water mixture (20-60, preferably 40%). The recrystallization is carried out using mixed solvent system comprising ethanol, water and acetic acid in ratio of 1:9-9:1, 4:6:1, 3:7:1, 2:8:1, 1:9:1, 5:5:1, 6:4:1, 7:3:1, 8:2:1 or 9:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous resin is chosen from non-polar resin, weak polar resin, medium-polar resin and polar resin. The macroporous resin is chosen from HPD-100, HPD-300, D-101, HPD-450, AB-8, HPD-750, DM-130, HPD-500, and HPD-600 model.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol ratio of 4,7-dichloroquinoline to diethylenediamine hexahydrate is 1:3-1:6; and performing condensation reaction at 100-110 degrees C. The mol ratio of 7-chloro-4-(1-piperazine) quinoline to trimethylene chlorobromide is 1:0.3-1:0.6; performing condensation reaction under alkali condition at 75-85 degrees C; reaction solvent comprising methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide; and alkali comprising sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. Preferred Process: The reaction liquid is added with phosphoric acid until pH is 3.5 plus minus 0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic acid binding agent is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The substitution reaction is carried out at room temperature to solvent refluxing temperature, preferably 50 degrees C for 5-15 hours. Preferred Component: The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol or tert-butanol. The organic acid binding agent is trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethyl methylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. In the substitution reaction, a catalytic amount of potassium iodide or sodium iodide (1-25 mol%) can be added to promote reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (c), the organic solvent is ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol or 2-butanol. In step (iii) of step (c), the medium voltage preparative column is C18 reversed-phase column or Mitsui Chemicals, Inc (MCI) resin column. In step (iii) of step (c), the eluting solvent is acetonitrile-water (9:1-4:6 volume/volume), or water-carbinol (9:1-5:5 volume/volume). In step (d), the anion exchange resin is D301 macroporous alkalescence styrene-based anion exchange resin, D315 macroporous alkalescence acrylic acid-based anion exchange resin, D280 macroporous strongly basic styrene-based anion exchange resin or 201X7 strongly basic styrene-based anion exchange resin. In step (d), the alkali liquor is dilute aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution (pH 8-12), saline solution is 0.1-2 mol/L sodium chloride solution, and alcoholic solution is ethanol solution (30-90 vol.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant probiotics comprises Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilisand Bacillus subtilisspores.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micro element is an iron, manganese, copper, boron or zinc. The middle element is calcium, magnesium or sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic matter comprises 5-10 wt.% of yellow humic acid, 14-35 wt.% of brown humic acid and 1-5 wt.% of amino acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The waste vegetables comprise the vegetable leaves and stems of Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, lianhuacai, spinach, celery, cauliflower, raphanus sativus roots, carrot, brassica parachinensis, rape, Chinese chive, shallot, garlic sprouts, and dull-cabbage. The straw comprises rice-straw, corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum stalk, millet-grass straw, beanstalk, barley straw, vicia faba straw, pea-straw, buckwheat straw, peanut rattan, potato rattan, sweet potato, and cucurbits vine. The livestock and poultry manure comprises swine manure, cattle manure, horse manure, sheep manure, rabbit manure, and poultry manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic base or a mixture of organic bases used in the hydrolysis is at least one amine comprising isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, butylamine, cyclohexylamine or tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The alkaline hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The off-grid wind power generator uses a power greater than 20 KW.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame retardant is phosphate or aluminum salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binuclear alkaline ionic liquid is used as catalytic agent. It has organic subunit group connected on its imidazole ring consisting of 2-18C alkylene, alkenylene, aromatic, or heterocyclic. It is used at 0.1-0.8%. It comprises bi-(3-methyl-1-iminazole) ethylidene hydroxide, bi-(3-methyl-1-iminazole), propylidene oxyhydrate, bi-(3-methyl-iminazole) butylidene oxyhydrate, bi-(3-methyl-1-iminazole) heptyl oxyhydrate, or bi-(3-methyl-1-iminazole) octyl oxyhydrate. The mol ratio of castor oil is (4:1)-(12:1). Preferred Method: The reaction is performed at 45-75 degrees C to reflux at normal pressure for 2-6 hours. The method preferably comprises removing and distilling carbinol at 70 degrees C; removing and distilling glycerol at 160 degrees C and normal pressure; and drying residual product at 40 degrees C for 24 hours in vacuum to obtain ionic liquid catalytic agent. Heating is performed water bath.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The wood flour is naturally dried for 2-3 days and water content of 15%. The ozonated vegetable oil is obtained by dissolving vegetable oil in an organic solvent and performing ozone oxidation using an ozone generator. Preferred Components: The concentration of the vegetable oil or ozonated vegetable oil is 2-5 wt.% of the wood flour. The vegetable oil is chosen from soybean oil, sesame oil, Perilla oil, flaxseed oil, grape seed oil, and olive oil. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen activity firing zone depth sheet includes a transition metal oxide of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt or their mixture, where hydrogen-ion is conducted by chief ingredients, such as zirconium, cerium, barium, strontium. The fuel cell is formed by selecting any compound from the group consisting of strontium carbonate, barium cerate, barium zirconium oxide, barium terbate, an oxide containing barium, tin and yttrium, strontium titanate, barium thorate and barium calcium niobium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The end cover is further provided with a coke reactor anti-explosion door. The coke reactor is further provided with a hanging hook. The high-temperature heating furnace is provided with a supporting and fixing member used for locating and fixing coke reactor. The flue is further provided with an outlet flue valve. The tar collecting container is equipped with a tar collecting container anti-explosion door. The pyrolysis gas collecting container is equipped with a gas collecting container anti-explosion door and the vent pipe equipped with an exhaust pipe valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solid biomass is straw, chaff, wood processing residue, or dehydrated sludge of sewage treatment plant. The particle size of the solid biomass is 10-100 meshes. The weight of the biological coke is 30-60% of the total wt. of the solid biomass. The volume of dry distillation gas is 300-500 m3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises step (c), where the collected dry distillation gas or biological coke of step (b) are combusted to obtain high temperature flue gas containing carbon particles, and steps (a)-(b) are repeated. The step (a) comprises: (a1) combusting dry distillation gas or other combustible gases in a gas combustion furnace to obtain high temperature flue gas; (a2) mixing biomass or biological coke and high temperature flue gas, and combusting in a fluidized bed combustor to obtain the high temperature flue gas containing carbon particles; and (a3) mixing high temperature flue gas containing carbon particles and solid biomass, and performing dry distillation. The step (b) comprises: (b1) separating biological coke and dry distillation gas; (b2) cooling biological coke, processing a portion of the coke as in step (c), and using the remaining part as a product; (b3) pre-heating dry distillation gas, processing a portion of the gas as in step (c), cooling the residual part, purifying, and passing into a cabinet via a water seal; and (b4) passing the product of the stored gas into the combustor and processing as in step (c). The dry distillation is carried out at 400-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least one condensing unit is set between the fuel reaction zone and the gas diversion zone. A vacuuming device is set in multiple fuel reaction zones to present anaerobic condition in multiple fuel reaction zones. The portions of multiple fuel reaction zones are exposed out of the outer cover, where each of the exposed portions is coated with calorescence heat absorption coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sludge circulation reactor further comprises a second flocculating chamber between the first flocculating chamber and guide flow chamber; and a water distribution triangular groove in the first flocculating chamber, which is provided with an exhaust pipe. The volume ratio of second flocculating chamber, first flocculating chamber and separation chamber is 1:2:7. The outlet of second flocculating chamber is set for waste water flow out of the guide plate. A lift impeller and a stirring impeller of the first flocculation chamber are passed through a shaft and are connected to a power device of the reactor. The water distribution triangular groove is provided with a medicine dosing tube. The angle at the lower part of reactor main body is 45 degrees , and the bottom is more than 5% of the slope extending obliquely to the pool center. The water collecting groove is adjustable submerged hole annular groove, where the diameter of hole is 20-30 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding diluted hydrochloric acid and chlorine dioxide to the mixture before aging step. The method further involves swelling the rice hulls before the pulverizing process. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves removing the alcohol fermentation solid material impurity from the waste water by filtering or depositing the wastewater to remove alcohol. The method involves inoculating the yeast strain in activated culture medium, and culturing the strain at 25-35 degrees C for 24-48 hours, where the activated culture medium comprises glucose or xylose (20 g/l), peptone (10 g/l), yeast powder (10 g/l) and water (remaining). The method involves collecting the wastewater in a microzyme portion, and filtering or centrifuging and collecting the wastewater. Preferred Strain: The yeast is Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkeyi, Cryptococcus albidus, or Trichosporon dermatis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner side of the biogas digester is provided with baffle walls playing a role of homogenization and complete fermentation of the feed. One side of the feed outlet on the digester wall is provided with a biogas slurry extracting device connected to a spray device, which can spray automatically in a straw fermentation mode. The biogas digester is provided with agitation instruments comprising the gas-guide tubes connected to the gas storage cabinets. The gas-guide tubes in the biogas digester are connected to an agitation tube installing multiple nozzles, belonging to gas agitation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the crushed coal to straw cylinder particle is 1:0.2-0.5. Preferred Process: The method comprises putting crushes straw into straw roller extruder to extrude straw cylinder particle, mixing uniformly crushed coal and straw cylinder particle at weight ratio of 1:0.15-0.7, putting into coal straw mixed roller extruding machine, and extruding cylinder particle fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves performing hydrothermal processing, acid treatment, alkali treatment or enzymatic treatment before the anaerobic fermentation. The method involves pulverizing the marine algae to 20-300 mu m and then performing anaerobic fermentation. The method involves adding water in a ratio of 1:1-1:20, 0.1-5 weight/weight% of acid solution, or 0.1-5 weight/weight% of alkali solution, and processing the marine algae at 60-200 degrees C for 5-120 minutes. The enzymes employed for enzymatic treatment are chosen from polysaccharide decomposition enzyme, proteinase, lipolytic enzyme and their mixture. The method involves performing anaerobic fermentation using anaerobic digestion sludge, rumen microorganisms, marine and land soil, animal digestive tract microorganisms, feces, anaerobic acid-producing microorganisms or their mixture. The method involves adding methane fermentation inhibitor during the anaerobic fermentation. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing biological diesel oil with low temperature active lipase catalytic grease, the interference of the raw material oil is plant oil, Jatropha curcas oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower seed oil, and oil. The short-chain alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aggregate contains materials, where first material is one among carbon dioxide, carbonic acid gas, carbonated water, carbonate solution, sodium carbonate. The second material is carbide and calcium carbide. The third material is one among sodium hydroixe, sodium silicate, waste molding sand, slag. The fourth material is one among the perfluoro carbon such as tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, perfluorobutane, sulfur-hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride. The carbonated water is produced by adding carbonic anhydrase in organic acid. The carbonic anhydrase is selected from sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, soda, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The organic acid is selected from citric acid, oxalic acid, oxalacetic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, palmitic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, alpha ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, phosphorus glyceraldehyde, 2,3-diphospho-d-glyceric acid and phosphorus grylceric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of liquid alkane is 100-1000 (preferably 200-800) ml based on 100 g oil-containing microalgae in terms of dry weight. The amount of monohydric alcohol is 500-1000 ml based on 100 g oil-containing microalgae, with monohydric alcohol comprising 1-4C aliphatic monohydric alcohol; and the amount of the monohydric alcohol is 100-600 ml based on 100 g of oil-containing microalgae, with monohydric alcohol comprising methanol. The liquid alkane is n-hexane, petroleum ether, cyclohexane and benzene. The concentration of catalyst in the reaction system is 0.1-2.5 mol/L based on 100 g oil-containing microalgae; and the catalyst is strong acid and/or strong alkali. The organic carbon source is degraded solution obtained by degrading cellulose-containing raw material. The oil-producing microalgae is microalgae capable of accumulating oil in microalgae cell, comprising Chlorella, Sphaerellopsis, Dunaliella salina and Botryococcus. Preferred Process: The reaction temperature is 20-110 degrees C and reaction time is 0.1-4 hours. The method for culturing of oil-producing microalgae under heterotrophic condition comprises inoculating oil-producing microalgae to culture solution-containing organic carbon source, with culture temperature at 20-30 degrees C, pH of culture solution at 6-7.5; and the concentration of the organic carbon source is 10-30 g/L. The method further comprises drying obtained oil-containing microalgae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The modified iron powder is prepared by putting 100 g of iron powder into 500 ml of aqueous solution with 2.75% of hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonic processing at 40-65 degrees C for 2-5 hours, and obtaining the modified iron powder after centrifuging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The blue algae are Microcystis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oscillating step is performed under light irradiation, alternated bright-dark condition or dark condition, preferably dark condition for 48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of discharging the sewage equates daily charging rate and daily discharging rate to total quantity of digested sludge/sludge retention period. The sludge retention period is 20-30 days in the anaerobic digestion process. The step of preprocessing the reflux sludge is an alkaline hydrolysis preprocessing, a heating preprocessing or a microwave preprocessing. The alkaline hydrolysis preprocessing comprises feeding an alkaline reagent, mixing the sludge and the alkaline reagent for 1-6 hours under an alkaline condition, and feeding hydrochloric acid to regulate a pH value to 7.5 plus minus 0.5 before secondary anaerobic digestion. The heating preprocessing is carried out at a temperature of 90-170 degrees C for 10-60 minutes. The step of microwave preprocessing is carried out at microwave frequency of 2450 MHz, microwave radiant power of 100-1000 W and radiant time of 1-20 minutes. The step of anaerobic digestion process is carried out at a temperature of 35 plus minus 2 degrees C or 55 plus minus 2 degrees C, pH of 7.5 plus minus 0.5, and a mixing speed of 30-250 revolutions per minute. Preferred Components: The mixed sludge has a moisture content of 88-98%. The reflux ratio of the reflux sludge is 5-10%. The alkaline reagent is sodium hydroxide, quick lime or calcium hydroxide, where concentration of the alkaline reagent in every kilogram of volatile organic solid is 0.05-0.15 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the spraying treatment the biological bacterium (1 ton waste/kg biological bacterium) is sprayed on the waste sent by the belt conveyer for twice a day, and the spraying treatment is performed for 21-29 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lower-grate leachate pools (2 in number) are provided with end to end arrangement. A reinforced glass window is located on the fermentation cabin body, and the number is more than 1. The material of the roof on the fermentation cabin is glass reinforced plastic. The water grate is longitudinally set on the lower-grate leachate pool. The spacing between two water grates is 15-30 mm. A strainer is located between the lower-grate leachate pool and the filtering pool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The sludge is surplus sludge exhausted from bio-treatment system of sewage treatment plant, the sludge floc component is destroyed after the ultrasound breaking, and the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) in the liquid phase further increases to 2000-5000 mg/l. The condition of the step of breaking the surplus sludge with low-intensity ultrasonic wave is sludge solid containing rate of 2-4 %mass, breaking time of 1-10 minutes, preferably 3-8 minutes, ultrasound treatment for breaking that is several probes type (e.g. 4-8 probes), the ultrasonic frequency of 20-40 kHz, the diameter of the probe of 20-30 mm and ultrasonic energy density of sound of 0.2-0.8 kW/m3, preferably 0.5-0.8 kW/m3. The method further involves selecting the crop straw, crushing with mechanically crusher, sieving with sieve after crushing, storing the sieved straw at aeration-drying site, storing for stand-by, and maintaining the straw powder to be 20-50 meshes. The method involves mixing the pre-treated crop straw with sludge, controlling the mixing mass ratio to be 1:1-2.5, preferably 1:1.4-2.5, processing hydrolytic acidification in hydrolytic acidification pool, processing the straw with fermenting liquid, breaking surplus sludge with low-intensity ultrasonic wave, hydrolytic acidification rate and efficiency of the two mixture, producing mass volatile fatty acids after hydrolytic acidification, decreasing the pH value of the fermenting liquid to be 2-5, and maintaining the hydraulic retention time to be 20-50 hours, preferably 30-40 hours. The method further involves placing the mixture of sludge and straw after hydrolytic acidification into methanogenesis pool, processing the methanogenesis period, and maintaining the hydraulic retention time to be 120-200 hours. The hydraulic retention time in the methanogenesis period is 140-180 hours, preferably 150-170 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water content in the pre-treated wheat straw is 70-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pre-processing time is 4 days. Addition amount of NH3.H2O is 2-4 wt.%. Addition amount of NH4HCO3 is 9-18 wt.% .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sodium hydroxide in alkali liquor is present at 1 wt.% and the ammonia water is present at 4-7 wt.% of the poplar waste dry. The optimum temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 37 degrees C. The fermentation device is a single phase or solid-liquid phase reactor. The optimum carbon nitrogen ratio is 24:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microalgae are marimo microparticle, small marimo, chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum or mixed culture of different microalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The enzyme catalysis reaction is carried out at 25-55 degrees C for 10-50 hours. The microalgae (10 g) are added with lipase (1-8 g) and methanol (20-80 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A mol ratio of the triethyl orthoformate and malononitrile is 1-1.2:1. The dropping step is carried out at 15-25 degrees C for 30-50 minutes. The catalyst of anhydrous zinc chloride is present at 0.5-1.5% of the malononitrile. The method further comprises refining the filtered solid by recrystallization. The recrystallization step comprises adding the solid of the ethoxy methylene malononitrile into organic solvent, decoloring the mixture with the active carbon for 30-50 minutes, and cooling to precipitate out crystal, filtering to separate crystal, and vacuum drying the crystal at 40-50 degrees C for 5-6 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol, acetone or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precipitant is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, urea and/or ammonia water.The metal compound comprises iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese, cerium, magnesium, aluminum and/or zirconium.The metal compound comprises nitrate, acetate, carbonyl, alcoholate, sulfate and/or oxalate.The catalyst is an iron-based catalyst, metal compounds including iron compounds and additives, comprising at least one of copper, cobalt, manganese, magnesium or several of zinc compound.The catalyst is a copper-based catalyst, metal compounds including copper compounds and additives, , comprising at least one of zinc, aluminum, zirconium or cerium.The catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst, metal compounds including a cobalt compound and additives, nickel, , comprising at least one of manganese, cerium or aluminum one or several compounds.The catalyst is a nickel-based catalyst, a metal compound including a nickel compound and additives, comprising at least one of copper, cerium, magnesium or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The contaminating metals are selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, vanadium, lead, iron or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid alkyl ester is methyl ester or ethyl ester, which are produced from a group of natural oils selected from castor oil, soybean, peanut, palm or rapeseed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is 1-6C alcohol, 5-13C aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon and/or 1-9C linear or cyclic amide, preferably methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, normal-butanol, tert-butanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or N,N-dimethylacetamide. Preferred Process: The oil is distinguished using oil marker composition containing alkali metal alkoxide, and acid component chosen from inorganic acid and organic acid. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Benzoxazole-containing compounds are specifically claimed i.e. 2-(benz(d)oxazol-2-yl)phenyl butanoate of formula (Ia), 2-(benz(d)oxazol-2-yl)phenyl octanoate, 2-(benz(d)oxazol-2-yl)phenyl palmitate and 2-(benz(d)oxazol-2-yl)phenyl decanoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The emission quantity of non-methane hydrocarbon is classified into 8 kinds of chemical species such as alkane, propane, ethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. The air pollution material is carbon monoxide, black carbon, organic carbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfurous acid, ammonia, volatile organic component. The greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: In the step (iv) comprises adding (in % of the total mass of wheat bran and corn meal) ammonium sulfate (0.1-1), urea (0.1-3) and bacterial liquid (0.5-3). The preparation method further comprises stacking for 15-25 days, turning for 1-2 times, spreading for aging to decrease the water content to less than 30%. The sludge composting method comprises adding auxiliary materials into the sludge, where the carbon and nitrogen ratio is (20-30):1, and the water content is 50-60%, mixing, adding the composting inoculant (0.1-1% of the total dry weight of the composting material) into the sludge, and uniformly mixing, where the auxiliary material is traditional Chinese medicine residue and/or peanut shell powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Drying the biomass material and coal powder until the water content is 7-12 wt.%. The mass ratio of biomass material and coal powder is 40-100:0-60. The metallurgical flue gas is produced by metallurgical emission from the metallurgy industry, where the temperature is 1100-1300 degrees C and the oxygen content is not greater than 8%. The ratio of flue gas and the biomass material is 2.1-5.5 m3:1 kg. The reaction time of metallurgical flue gas and biomass material in the annular rotary furnace is 40-60 minutes. The pyrolysis gas is condensed by using a heat exchanger to form non-condensable gas and tar, collecting tar, and purifying non-condensable gas and discharging. Preferred Components: The pyrolysis gas is carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen. The non-condensable gas is hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic reactor is upflow anaerobic sludge blanket or internal circulation reactor. The flow rate of the anaerobic effluent is properly controlled at 0.5-1.5 m/hours, preferably 2.5-10 m/hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The marigold residues have granularity of 20-80 meshes. The subcritical water is water having boiling point at 100 degrees C and critical temperature at -374 degrees C. Preferred Method: The marigold residues are extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. The concentrate is dissolved in methanol by stirring using oscillator or ultrasound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The activated carbon preferably consists of coal-derived activated carbon having a specific surface area of 512 m2/g and a pore size of 8 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grease comprises rapeseed oil and/or Eruca sativa oil containing (wt.%) water (2-5) and free fatty acid (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing chemical cleaning of the thin film including acid washing and medicine washing. The chemical cleaning step is achieved by washing the thin film with sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite. The method further comprises heating the wastewater in the anaerobic tank using the heating device. The method further comprises inflowing the steam into the condensing device connected with the film distilling device through the thin film to form condensed water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrical conductivity of the wastewater in the anaerobic tank is greater than or equal to 200 mu Siemens/cm. The thin film is a hydrophobic material, and its water contact angle is less than 40 degrees . The film contains holes, and the pore diameter of each hole is 0.01-10 mu m. The porosity of the thin film is greater than 30%. The system further comprises a heating device for heating the wastewater present in the high-temperature anaerobic tank. The heating device comprises a heating pair set in high-temperature anaerobic tank. The high-temperature anaerobic tank also contains methane or hydrogen produced during the decomposition of the organic pollutants in the wastewater by the anaerobes, which are suitable as an auxiliary fuel of the heating device. The system further comprises a condensing device connected with the film distilling device to pass the condensed steam through the thin films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The graphite fiber cloth is a plain weave propionitrile graphite fiber cloth, and has a surface density of 0.2-0.35 g/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The recombinant oleaginous microbe is genetically engineered to express lipid pathway enzyme at an altered level compared to a non-engineered microbe. The lipid pathway enzyme is endogenous lipid pathway enzyme that is expressed at a lower level or higher level compared to the non-engineered microbe. The endogenous lipid pathway enzyme is a desaturase, a ketoacyl synthase (preferred), fatty acyl desaturase, stearoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase, or ketoacyl synthase II. The fatty acid profile of the triglyceride oil: is not altered by further processing the microbial triglyceride oil by one or more of esterification, distillation, fractionation, crystallization, and precipitation; comprises at least 70% of saturated fatty acid; 4% of C10; 10% of C12; 10% of C14; and 40% of C14; and 50% or 70% of total combined amounts of C10:0, C12:0 and C14:0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The product is an oleochemical. The oleochemical is fatty nitriles, esters, dimer acids, quats, surfactants, fatty alkanolamides, fatty alcohol sulfates, resins, emulsifiers, fatty alcohols, olefins, drilling muds, polyols, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, rubber, candles, cosmetics, metallic soaps, soaps, alpha-sulfonated methyl esters, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, imidazolines, surfactants, detergents, esters, quats, ozonolysis products, fatty amines, fatty alkanolamides, ethoxysulfates, monoglycerides, diglycerides, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, greases, dielectric fluids, mold release agents, metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, functional fluids, industrial chemicals, surface coatings, paints and lacquers, electrical wiring insulation, and waxes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) involves mixing 7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid or its salt with D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine amide or an ester (preferably methyl or ethyl ester) of D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine in the presence of an enzyme at 0-5 degrees C and at pH of 8.4 to 9.1, where the pH is maintained by adding an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide; and further reacting (I) with a derivative of 4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid to give cefoperazone. The product (I) is isolated by crystallization and filtration or centrifugation, where the isolation is preceded by removal of 50-90% of liquid by filtration and addition of an organic solvent. Preferred Reactants: The enzyme is an immobilized penicillin G acylase (preferably penicillin G acylase AA or penicillin G acylase mutant 1). EXAMPLE - 7-Amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (7-TMCA, 5 g) was added to distilled water (38 g) and cooled to 3 degrees C. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm and the pH was brought to 9 with aqueous NaOH (5M) whereafter the remainder of the reaction was carried out at pH 8.8. After 60-80 minutes, the suspension was filtered. The filtrate, containing 4.1 g of 7-TMCA, was place back in the reactor and immobilized penicillin G acylase mutant 1 (3.5 g) was added and to the resulting mixture a solution of D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine methylester (HPGM) was dropped at speed of 7 ml/hour. This solution was prepared by dissolving HPGM (4 g) in water (6.4 g) and H2SO4 25% (4.25 g in water). The conversion was 98% (w.r.t. 7-TMCA). The mixture contained (wt/wt.%) D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine (HPG) (1.1), 7-TMCA (0.1), HPGM (1), D-7-(4-hydroxyphenylacetamido)-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethylcephem-4-carboxylic acid (7.9) and 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (0.07).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Material: The microorganism having hydrogen production ability is hydrogenase and/or nitrogenase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas is nitrogen, argon and/or helium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storage alloy is AB2-type alloy, AB5-type alloy, titanium-iron-type alloy, titanium-nickel-type alloy, vanadium, magnesium, palladium and calcium-type alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen generated from hydrogen storage alloy under inert gas atmosphere is recovered.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method is carried out using one-level domestic sewage treatment process in back end of the anaerobic treatment to realize discharging sewage after up to standard of the domestic sewage. The pre-treatment step is carried out using tubular or disk tubular nanofiltration membrane separation, tubular or disk tubular nanofiltration reverse osmosis membrane separation, ultrafiltration rolling type nanofiltration membrane separation, or ultrafiltration rolling type reverse osmosis membrane separation. The method is carried out using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), IC, ABR, and other anaerobic processing techniques.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal-liquefied residue is coal, kennel coal or wood coal liquefied residue. The desulfurizing agent is magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The content of domestic garbage combustible component, coal liquefaction residue and desulfurizing agent is 70 %mass, 21 %mass and 9 %mass, respectively. The domestic garbage combustible component is waste paper or textile fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is 1-10, preferably 2-5 wt.% of biomass. It comprises alkali or alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt catalyst consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin. The dry biomass has humidity of 5-15 preferably 7-10 wt.%. The total weight of pyrolyzed dry-based biomass and pyrolysis solvent is 40-90, preferably 50-80%. The pyrolysis solvent is oil solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pre-heater has temperature of 60-120 degrees C. The operation condition of catalytic distillation tower is under normal pressure to 1 MPa, reflux ratio of 0.5-9, temperature of tower top at 50-80 degrees C, and tower kettle temperature at 130-200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butyl alcohol and/or isobutyl alcohol. The oil is colza oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, tea oil, beef fat, fish oil, lard oil, swill oil, trench oil and/or fried waste oil. The solid acid or base catalyst bed layer is 0.5-5 m high.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron trifluoride, niobium chloride or lanthanide triflate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (iii), the esterification reaction time is 10-120 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding methanol (50 (preferably 65) wt.%) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (7 (preferably 5) wt.%) in the reaction kettle according to a mass ratio of 50:7 (preferably 65:5) and then mixing, adding heavy aromatics (16 (preferably 10) wt.%), naphtha (15 (preferably 10) wt.%), dimethylbenzene (11 (preferably 9) wt.%) and methanol at a mass ratio of 16:15:11:50, (preferably 10:10:9:65) adding ethanol (0.5 wt.%), antiswelling agent (0.5 wt.%) and methanol to the mixture at a ratio of 0.5:0.5:50, (preferably 0.5:0.5:65) and then mixing using a high speed dispersing machine and repeatedly pumping the mixture into a high shear cycle using high shearing emulsifying pump. Preferred Components: The low carbon alcohol comprises at least one of methanol and ethanol. The antiswelling agent is isobutyl alcohol and/or sodium petroleum sulfonate at a ratio of 3:1. The high energy organic fuel does not contain diesel fuel. The heavy aromatics in the high energy organic fuel have a molecular weight greater than xylene mixed aromatic hydrocarbons and mainly as 9C and 10C aromatic hydrocarbon. The low heat value of the high energy organic fuel is more than 38000 KJ/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: emulsifying the mixture and then circulating using a high shear emulsification pump; adding etherifying agent in the methanol according to a ratio of 70:0.5 after mixing hydrocarbon mixture high energy fuel and heat value adjusting agent, where the ratio of methanol, hydrocarbon mixture high energy fuel and heat value adjusting agent is 9.5:8:6:70, adding acetone, latent solvent 200#, corrosion inhibitor and antiswelling agent according to a ratio of 5:0.5:0.5:70, adding a catalyst and all raw materials into a reaction kettle, starting and circulating the mixture using the high shear emulsification pump; and injecting high energy immiscible fuel (15 wt.%) into a container of the gasoline (85 wt.%) and then carrying out circulation of fuel and emulsifying for half an hour to obtain 15% or 50% high energy organic fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the catalyst comprises: (1) placing a reaction kettle into a constant temperature water bath, adding nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 26.54-44.24 g/l, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 50.13-83.50 g/l, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 17.35-28.92 g/l and lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.60-3.02 g/l into the reaction kettle, heating the mixture up to 65-75?OC under the stirring condition, adding a precipitating agent of potassium carbonate (10-12 mass%), maintaining warming at 68-70 degrees C in a whole precipitation reaction process, adjusting pH value of the solution to 9-9.5, and filtering the mixture and then washing to obtain precipitation as catalyst semi-finished product; (2) drying the catalyst semi-finished product at temperature of 120-150 degrees C for 4-5 hours; (3) sintering the dried catalyst semi-finished product at 300-450 degrees C; (4) grinding and mixing the sintered catalyst semi-finished product and graphite into a ball grinder in a mass ratio of 100:1-3, and screening the mixture via 200 mesh sieve; and (5) adding 6-12% of distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture, and pressing the mixture to obtain finished product as catalyst. Preferred Components: A mole ratio of hydrogen to cobalt in the mixed gas of coke oven gas and straw gas is 3-4:1.
ACTIVITY - Nematocide; Plant protectant; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The major ingredient A is 700 mass parts, and the prepared auxiliary material is 300 mass parts. Preferred Fertilizer: The fertilizer further comprises main material B of less than 400 mass parts, where the raw material of the main material B is domestic sewage sludge, waste and food processing industry, and/or biogas. Preferred Method: The prepared biological organic fertilizer is stacked and fermented for 25 days, crushed and then sieved. The biological organic fertilizer is packed and stored after crushing and sieving process. The complex enzyme agent comprises amylase, fiber enzyme and lipase in the ratio of 4:3:3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate, basic aluminum acetate and/or aluminum chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is sodium hexametaphosphate and/or citric acid. The alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and/or isopropyl alcohol. A volume ratio of the alcohol to the distilled water is 1:5-1:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active metal precursor is a metal nitrate, palladium nitrate, platinum nitrate, rhodium nitrate and/or bismuth nitrate. The ceramic carrier is cordierite ceramic honeybee carrier. The metal salt is nitrates of bismuth, barium, cerium, lanthanum, titanium, copper and/or zinc. The molecular sieve is HZSM-5, ZSM-5, beta -molecular sieve and/or silico-alumino-phosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve. The catalyst comprises (in g/liter of natural gas exhaust) cerium zirconium solid solution (80-150), a metal (1.5-3.5), modified molecular sieve (50-150), where Metal oxide accounts for 5-15% of the quality of the modified molecular sieve. Preferred Method: The modification of the molecular sieve is by soaking or ion exchange method. The soaking process in the step (d) is performed in a vacuum container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves separating glycerol from the co-solvent dissolved with the short chain alcohol fatty acid ester. Preferred Components: The fat material is Jatropha seed oil, Pistacia lentiscus seed oil, cotton seed oil, castor bean seed oil, tung oil, rice bran oil, shiny-leaved yellowhorn oil, rap oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, lard oil, beef and lamb fat and/or waste Hogwash fat. The short chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or propyl alcohol. The co-solvent is tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, acetone, isopropanol, butanone or cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The liquid water is preheated to a temperature of 120-250 degrees C. Preferred Components: The amount of liquid water injected is such that it comprises 30-60 vol.% relative to the total mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the plant, a heater is added upstream of the injector to heat the water to be injected. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The separated bagasse has length of 0.5-3 cm. The amount of the bagasse added to the pond is calculated in accordance with area of pond's bottom which is 0.8-1.2 kg/m2. Preferred Microorganism: The Bacillus is Bacillus sp. (CGMCC NO. 6084) which is named as Shan-1. Preferred Method: The bagasse and Bacillus sp. is supplied to the pond along with stirring once every 3-5 days, and during breeding period of the shrimps the Bacillus sp. is added to the pond water once every 10-15 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lighting part is formed by butting two rectangular toughened glasses, where the butted part is sealed by a transparent adhesive. The range of an angle formed by the two rectangular toughened glasses is 45-60 degrees . The fermenting part is a rectangular fermenting tank. The upper end of the fermenting tank is provided with the feed port, and its lower end is provided with the discharge port. The feed port is provided with a closed plate capable of being pushed and pulled. The upper end of the gas storage part is connected with the upper end of the fermenting part, and the gas storage part is provided with multiple air outlets. The air outlet is provided with a water vapor filter device, preferably an activated carbon grid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica-type mineral is natural zeolite or artificial zeolite. The compound-light catalyst is metal oxide, metal chloride, metal sulfide, metallic phosphorus compound, metal arsenide, metal selenide or metal telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The artificial fiber is artificial glass fiber or artificial fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) poultry excrement (78-90), crop waste (12-22), biological strain (0.1-0.25), microelements (0.2-0.8), humic acid (5-22, preferably 10-18) and a mineral substance (10-25, preferably 13-20). Preferred Components: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) goat manure (40), chicken manure (20), pig manure (20), grass meal (17), biological strain (0.2), microelements (0.3), humic acid (13) and a mineral substance (16).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The poultry excrement is goat manure, chicken manure and/or pig manure in a mass ratio of 2:1:1. The crop waste is straw, grass meal and/or rice chaff, preferably straw and /or grass meal. The biological culture is a composite inoculum comprising phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral substance is magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate and/or calcium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The Trichoderma culture liquid is obtained by fermenting the Trichoderma in a seed tank for 12-24 hours, then transferring to a fermentation tank and culturing for 24-48 hours. The culture liquid comprises 2.5-3 g/l of hypha by dry weight. The phosphorus source is monopotassium phosphate or dipotassium phosphate; the iron source is iron sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride or ferric chloride; the zinc source is zinc sulfate; the copper source is copper sulfate or copper nitrate; the manganese source is manganese sulfate or manganese chloride; and the boron source is sodium borate or borax. The particle size of the weathered coal is 60-80 meshes. The straw is less than or equal to 3 mm in length. The fermentation is performed for 15-20 days at 28-30 degrees C. The step (ii) further comprises, after uniform stirring, the organic fertilizer is subjected to drying, and then crushing or granulating. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding a fuel additive to the extruded product. Preferred Components: The fuel additive comprises (wt.%) aluminum oxide (15-25), iron trioxide (20-25), and kaolin (50-60). The straw is corn straw, wheat straw, broomcorn straw, cotton straw, rice straw or millet straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The drying temperature is 60 degrees C, and the time is 24 hours. The Eucalyptus tree, banana residue, and wheat bran is crushed to 20 meshes sieve. The sterilizing temperature of the material in the bag is 98-100 degrees C, pressure is 0.092-0.094 MPa, and sterilization time is 3-4 hours, while culturing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (b), the filtering step is carried out at a pressure of 0.07-0.09 MPa. In step (c), the decompressing and concentrating step is carried out at a pressure of 0.07-0.09 MPa and at a temperature of 45-55 degrees C (preferably 40-50 degrees C). In the step (c), the standing time is 2 hours. In the step (d), the standing time is 24-72. Preferred Components: The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1 mole l-1. The hydrochloric acid has a pH of 1-2. The boiling range of the petroleum ether is 60-90. The volume ratio of acid water solution and petroleum ether is 1:1-3. The volume ratio of alkali water solution and the ethyl acetate is 1:1-3. The volume ratio of the lappaconitine extract and the anhydrous ethanol is 1 g:5-15 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Tree: The tree comprises mulberry, eucalyptus and/or cedar. The herbal medicine comprises sweet wormwood.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of moisture in dry wood powder or grass powder is 18-22 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.%. The addition amount of lubricant is 1-2.2 wt.%, preferably 1.8 wt.%. The animal excrement is mammal excrement, bird excrement, fish excrement and/or insect excrement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oil: The waste grease is hogwash oil, trench oil or frying oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of grease, lower fatty alcohol, and catalyst is 1:0.25:0.01. The resin-based solid acid is obtained by adding resorcinol and sulfoacid in a conical bottle in ratio of 1:0.5-1, adding water, stirring, adding formaldehyde solution, condensing for 30-120 hours to obtain red solid, rotationally evaporating, drying, adding obtained synthetic resin in quartz tube, condensing at 180 degrees C under protection of nitrogen for 2-10 hours, washing and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Sodium hydroxide is used to control pH value at 6.8-7.5. Methane gas generated by the QCS efficient anaerobic reactor passes through a water seal device (11). The filtering system uses an automatic medium filter, where the filter material is quartz sand and/or smokeless coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The PSA-C/R is absorbed on the strong adsorption component comprising carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, carbon and carbon monoxide and methane and on the weak adsorption component comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monooxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by: (A) using 5-deoxy-1,2,3-0-O-acetyl- beta -D-ribofuranose as raw material, processing nucleophilic reaction with iodotrimethylsilane in the organic solvent, obtaining the reaction solution containing iodide, where the ratio of 5-deoxy-1,2,3-0-O-acetyl- beta -D-ribofuranose and iodotrimethylsilane is 1:1-10, and the reaction is carried out at - 50-50 degrees C for 3-24 hours, the organic solvent is shang dynasty hydrocarbon, ether compound, amide compound, ketone compound of the solvent or binary, ternary mixed solvent, the 5-deoxy-1,2,3-0-O-acetyl- beta -D-ribofuranose and organic solvent is 1:1-20 (w/v); (B) washing the reaction liquid containing iodide to obtain the 2'-3'-0-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-gemcitabine; where the ratio of the 5-and 5-deoxy-1,2,3-0-O-acetyl- beta -D-ribofuranose is 1-20:1, the condensation reaction is carried out at - 50-500 degrees C for 3-24 hours; and (C) preparing 2'-3'-0-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-gemcitabine onium salt compound at - 50-50 degrees C, where the reaction liquid of step (B) is alcohol compound for removing protection, and then adding acid medium to form 2'-3'-0-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-gemcitabine onium salt compound, separating and removing organic phase, the aqueous phase solution obtained by adding alkaline reagent to adjust pH to 1-7, then adding polar organic solvent crystallization, obtaining a purity of greater than or equal to 2-98% after filtering, washing and drying 2', 3'-0-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-gemcitabine onium salt compound, the ratio of protected 2'-3'-0-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-gemcitabine to alcohol compound is 1:1-100, where the ratio of the 2'-3'-0-acetyl-5'-solvate to acid medium is 1:1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst for hydrogenation is palladium, rhodium or molybdenum. The catalyst accelerator utilized in the method is chosen from potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, fluorine, copper, silver, gold, zinc, tin, manganese, bismuth, molybdenum, zirconium or mixture of rare earth elements of carrier chosen from alumina, silicon oxide, alumina, diatomite, titanium oxide, zinc oxide or tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of heating the natural lipid source is completed by placing under a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at the temperature. The pressurized natural lipid source is preceded by a vacuuming step. The water vapor has a pressure of 0.1-15 MPa. The treatment time is less than 4 minutes, preferably 30 seconds. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH of wastewater measured after adding the phosphorus recovery material to wastewater is 7 or more. The pH of wastewater is adjusted to 6 or less, and decarboxylation is carried out. The slurry containing phosphorus recovery material adsorbed with phosphorus is separated into solid and liquid, and dewatered cake-like phosphorus recovery substance is obtained. The filtrate is used as phosphorus generation source. The phosphorus generation source is produced in sewage works (1). Preferred Composition: The phosphorus recovery material is amorphous calcium-silicate hydrate single piece or aggregate of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide produced by solid-liquid separation and drying. The molar ratio of calcium and silicon in recovery material is 0.8-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The process parameter is the flow rate or the stirring intensity. The input variables include the concentration of chemical oxygen demand, the concentration of volatile organic acids, the concentration of the total inorganic carbon and the pH value. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst includes noble metal e.g. platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium and rhenium, and metal e.g. nickel. The noble metal or metal is carried on a carrier, which is selected from a group of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the upper part of the homogenizing tank is provided with a rotary bar, which is used for removing inorganic impurities. The anaerobic fermentation in step (b) is carried out at a temperature of 8-65 degrees C for 4 hours and under the pH value of 6-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the methods above, the starting microorganism is Thiobacillus aquaesullis 4255 and 389, Thiosphaera pantotropha 356, T. pantotropha 2944, Thiobacillus thoioparus 55, mutants and their variants, or a microorganism which exists naturally in water including deep water. After transfection, the host microorganism is capable of faster growth, reproduction, enhanced survivability in the production environment, or more production per unit nutrient or starting fossil fuel or oil tar, than is the starting microorganism. The host microorganism can exist in salt water or fresh water, can metabolize glucose or other nutrient media, can exist in rocky, sandy or sand/water environments, can survive heat, cold, or acidic or basic environments, can oxidize sulfur, or can exist in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The genes responsible for conversion are isolated by subtractive hybridization, where the subtractive hybridization is performed by representational difference analysis. Before transfection, the genes are selectively altered, and following transfection with such selectively altered genes, the host microorganisms with characteristics best suited to commercial production of petroleum are selected. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The condensation reaction is performed at 0-30 degrees C in presence of lithiated compound and inert solvent. Preferred Composition: The lithiated compound is lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium isopropoxide and lithium tert-butoxide, preferably lithium tert-butoxide. The inert solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane and/or toluene, or mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction solvent is alcohol, ketone, ether, halogenated hydrocarbon and/or water. The ether is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tertiary butyl ether or glycol dimethyl ether. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone or butanone. The halogenated hydrocarbon is dichloromethane or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amines are triethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, or 1-methylpyrrolidine. The palladium catalyst has triphenylphosphine ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The shell unit contains component chosen from calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide and sodium carbonate, and component chosen from diatomite, bentonite, sodium aluminate, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material is straw or bark of a tree, where the amount of raw material is 30 %mass. The crusher is provided with air outlet. The feeding device is a sealed device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of biphenyl-type compound is 0.01-20 ppm. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=H or methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): Phenol or polyhydroxyaromatic compound is alkylated with trityl halide or alcohol and the resulting compound is alkylated with organic halide in presence of base, to obtain ether derivative. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=benzene;    R=3-12C alkyl;and    n=2.    EXAMPLE - 4,6-ditritylbenzene-1,3-diol (0.01 mol), potassium hydroxide pellet (0.02 mol) and dimethylsulfoxide (25 ml) were added into the flask. The resulting mixture was heated to 105 degrees C, stirred under nitrogen, the mixture was cooled to 70 degrees C after dissolving potassium hydroxide, and a portion of 1-bromohexane was added. The resulting mixture was maintained at 75 degrees C for 1.5 hours, the sample was withdrawn and subjected to gel permeation chromatography. The resulting mixture was cooled to 50 degrees C or less, poured into water, the obtained solids were precipitated, washed with water and air-dried to obtain ((4,6-bis(hexyloxy)-l,3-phenylene)bis(methanetrityl))hexabenzene with yield of 84%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas inlet is a gas distributor device, preferably a spigot bottom. The plant comprises a conveying device for conveying the biogas in the direction of the gas inlet. An inside of the fermenter comprises a device for lateral support of the biomass, preferably permeable to the liquid media. The gas inlet is arranged below the biomass to be introduced into the fermenter, preferably in the bottom. The plant comprises many fermenters, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet of different fermenters are connected to each other. The many gas outlets of different fermenters are connected to a common biogas line. The gas inlet is formed to remove the liquid medium from the fermenter. Preferred Method: The biogas is introduced into the fermenter after supplying the liquid medium, for drying the biomass. The biogas is introduced into the fermenter at a start of the fermenter for displacing of gases, preferably oxygen and nitrogen, from the fermenter, preferably from porosities and/or cavities of the biomass. The biogas is supplied into the fermenter such that a flow of the biomass is forced by the biogas. The forced through-flow of the biomass takes place from the bottom of the fermenter in a predominantly vertical direction. The biogas is removed from a different fermenter of the common biogas line of many fermenters, or a fermenter different from the biogas reservoir, in which the biogas is introduced. The discharge of the liquid medium takes place from the fermenter through the gas inlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The treatment agent is sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate or sodium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The siloxane in the source gas is made to contact activated alumina by 400-600 degrees C temperature conditions. The activated alumina has article size of 2.6-4 mm, and pore diameter of 3-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The circuit has an indirect heat exchanger which heats the injection liquid using a heat medium. The apparatus has a unit to adjust solid substance concentration of the merging liquid from the confluence injection pump based on the solid substance concentration measured value of the digested sludge within the circulation path containing the circuit and digestion tank, and hence the solid substance concentration is maintained in a predetermined range. The fluid biomass feed pump is a metering pump, where rotation speed control is possible.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The organic waste comprises 70-98 wt.% of water during culturing of microorganisms. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganisms is chosen from Aspergillus oryzae, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis. The A.oryzae is added to the organic waste such that the number of spores or cells is 1x 105/ml or more during culturing process. The lactic acid bacterium and B.subtilis is added to the organic waste such that the number of spores or cells is 1x 102/ml or more during culturing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkylation reagent is tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The methlylated glycerol-related product is 1,2,3-trimethoxy-propane (TMP), 1,3-dimethoxy-2-propanol (DMP), 1,2-dimethoxy-3-propanol (2DMP) or 3-methoxy-1,2-dihydroxypropane (MDP). The feedstock is an algal biomass; is at least one of glyceride based oils from plants, glyceride based oils from animal fat and used cooking oil; or glycerol. The alkylation reagent is selected from tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide, tetraethyammonium hydroxide, and (m-trifluoro-methylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide. The glycerol is crude glycerin produced from a biodiesel production facility. The glycerol is methoxylated glycerol produced from an algal biomass. The glycerol is methoxylated glycerols produced from glyceride based oils from plants, glyceride based oils from animal fat and used cooking oil. Preferred Method: The temperature is 250-500 degrees C and the pressure is atmospheric. The by-product of the processed alkylation reagent is converted and recycled as the alkylation reagent. In the method, a trimethylamine by-product of the processed tetramethylammonium hydroxide is converted and recycled as the alkylation reagent. The oxygen free environment comprises oxygen ( less than or equal to 1). The methanol is removed with distillation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ammonia is produced from the ammonium and the organically bound nitrogen as a technical measure, where the ammonia with the steam and the additionally formed and added carbon dioxide is discharged as a gas mixture from the reactor. The inorganic fertilizer constituents e.g. sulfide, phosphate, magnesium, iron etc. are liberated from the organic matrix as a result of hydrolysis, and sedimented due to their higher density so that the inorganic fertilizer constituents are separated. The gas mixture is guided via an alkaline sorption device, where only the water is separated selectively and the remaining gas components i.e. ammonia and carbon dioxide are processed in a further reactor quantitatively to ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The remaining solution of organic alkali salts is utilized thermally by gasification to form a gaseous energy carrier, and the recovered alkali is further processed. The high quality heat for evaporation is recovered by vapor compression. The combination of sorption technology with the solvolysis technology in relation to the processing of ammonium-containing substances of biogenic origin is a symbiotic process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The basic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) rotten chicken manure (400-500, preferably 500), peat (50-100, preferably 100), weathered coal (50-100, preferably 100), molasses powder (50-100, preferably 50), urea (0-30, preferably 4), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (50-100, preferably 54), potassium sulfate (100-150, preferably 134) and kaolin (50-100, preferably 58), and further comprises (in colony-forming units/g basic fertilizer) B. megaterium (500-1000 million, preferably 500), B. mucilaginosus (1000-2000 million, preferably 2000) and P. polymyxa (2000-5000 million, preferably 5000). The additional fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) rotten chicken manure (400-500, preferably 400), peat (50-100, preferably 100), weathered coal (50-100, preferably 100), molasses powder (50-100, preferably 50), urea (120-150, preferably 128), potassium sulfate (150-200, preferably 189) and kaolin (20-50, preferably 33), and further comprises (in colony-forming units/g additional fertilizer) B. megaterium (100 million), B. mucilaginosus (1000 million) and P. polymyxa (2000 million). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The brown seaweed extracting liquid is Ascophyllum nodosum extracting liquid with 40-50% of amino acid. The powder livestock excrement is an excrement of the livestock consuming the mineralized energy water for long term. The mineralized energy water for the livestock is: water processed by the mineralized energy water dispenser; or a mineralized energy material in the mineralized energy water dispenser, which is medical stone, zeolite, tourmaline and phyllite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper part of the stirrer is equipped with a sprayer, and the nozzle of the sprayer is equipped towards the inner filling chamber of the stirrer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The impurity crusher in the step (a) is a knife, a fork, a stone, a plastic package or a slag. The vertical screen grid is not greater than 5 mm. The solid waste particle obtained after the crushing process in the step (d) is less than 5 mm. Preferred Method: The step (e) comprises adjusting the slurry through steam heating, controlling the temperature at 30-35 degrees C, where the mass fraction of solids in the material after the crushing is 8%. The biological acidification process in the step (f) is carried out at 30 degrees C and the material is allowed to stay for 2-3 days. The anaerobic fermentation process adopts complete mixing type anaerobic fermentation tank, and the fermentation is carried out at 55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nickel-based catalyst comprises AB'NiO/C', in which the content of the active component nickel oxide is 1-30 wt.%, A is 1-15 wt.%, B' is 0.1-5 wt.%, and C' is 40-95 wt.%. The cobalt-based catalyst comprises DECoO/F, in which the active component CoO is 1-30 wt.%, D is 0.01-5 wt.%, E is 0.5-15 wt.%, and F is 50-95 wt.%.A= La oxide, Sn oxide, and Ce oxide;B'=Li oxide, Na oxide, and K oxide;C'=Al2O3, ZrO, SiO2, and TiO2;D=Ru, Re, and Rh;E=TiO2, MnO, Cr2O3, ZrO2, La2O3, and CeO2;andF=Al2O3, ZrO, SiO2, TiO2, and activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Mol ratio of the (Al3++Fe3+)/SiO2 in the polysilicate ferric aluminum chloride solution is 1.5. Mol ratio of the Al3+ to the Fe3+ is 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Mass ratio of the PSAFC to the CTS is 1:2-6:1. Mass ratio of the acetic acid to the CTS is 3.5:1. Mass ratio of the PSAFC to the CTS is 5:1. Preferred Method: The pH value is 1-10. The reaction is carried out at 40-80 (preferably 70) degrees C for 30-180 (preferably 60) minutes. The diluted hydrochloric acid is dripped to adjust the pH value to be 2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methane preparation method comprises mixing synthetic gas with hydrogen gas or hydrogen mixed with an inert gas, or reducing the synthetic gas before reacting it with the cobalt-based catalyst, and reacting at 300-500 degrees C under the pressure of 0.1-1.5 MPa for 5-18 hours. Preferred Components: The mol ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the synthetic gas is 2-8. The number of carbon atoms (n) of hydrocarbon of the oil product is 1-18; and the selectivity of the main product methane is 40-98%, and the product can be regulated according to requirement. The hydrocarbon of the co-produced oil product is liquefied petroleum gas (when n is equal to 3-4), gasoline (when n is equal to 5-12), paraffin (when n is equal to 12-16) or diesel (when n is equal to 15-18).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer sleeve is arranged with the inner pipe. The bottom of catalyst frame is arranged with a discharge cone. The small end of the discharge cone is arranged with a discharge pipe. The catalyst is added to the furnace via the catalyst filling port and is deposited on the discharge cone and filled into the discharge pipe. The wall of discharge cone is arranged with an air vent of discharge cone. The synthesis gas is conveyed into the discharge pipe via the air vent of discharge cone and forms the annular space with the outlet pipe of synthesis gas and is discharged from the synthesis gas outlet. The discharge cone is arranged with a discharge cone support. The other end of the support is supported on the catalyst frame support. The upper end of central gas collecting tube is arranged with a blind plate. The periphery of the tube is arranged with a central tube support plate and its upper end is arranged with the blind plate. The upper part of upper sealing head is arranged with a tube sheet, which supports the upper barrel. The top part of the upper barrel is arranged with a large cover, where one side of the upper barrel is arranged with a vapor-liquid outlet, and the other side is arranged with a cooling water inlet. The cooling water flows in from the cooling water inlet and is uniformly distributed to the inner pipe via the liquid distributor, and then it flows to the outer sleeve. The cooling water is transferred to high steam via adsorbing reaction heat and flows from the outer sleeve and the annular space of inner pipe via the vapor-liquid outlet. The cooling water inlet is connected with the liquid distributor via an expansion joint, where the liquid distributor is formed with a liquid distributing space.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active component nickel is nickel(II) oxide. The catalyst comprises nickel(II) oxide (20-40%), lanthanum oxide (10-20%), aluminum oxide (40-60%), and graphite (3-10%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surface of electrode has coating of TiO2, or doping, surface modified TiO2 coating, or other semiconductor material coating such as CdS, SnO2, ZnO, ZnS, PbS, MoO3, SrTiO3, V2O5, WO3, or MoSi2. The electrode has photo-catalytic coating of metal, or ceramic, glass or polyfluorotetraethylene macromolecule insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon alcohol strain is hydrocarbon alcohol A6, hydrocarbon alcohol A8 and hydrocarbon alcohol B11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The mixture comprises the sawdust and rice husk powder in a weight ratio of 85:15-92:8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The liquid metal further comprises zinc, tin, gold, silver, palladium, and lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bearing comprises at least two bearing partners (62) as bearing components that are movable relative to each other, where at least one bearing partner or both mutually movable bearing partners are at least partially or completely made of self-lubricating plastic. The bearing is enclosed or segmented. The bearing component comprises a seal (64) or a guide. The mixing- or conveying device is an agitator, submersible motor agitator, long wave agitator, paddle agitator, paddle agitator with adjustable paddles, vertical paddle agitator, horizontal paddle agitator, reel agitator, mixer, gravity mixer, blender, hand mixer, screw conveyor or feed screw. The mixing- and/or conveying device comprises the bearing located in the fermenter. Preferred Method: The bearing component or the bearing is completely or partially produced by injection molding.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The self-lubricating plastic comprises microcapsules with lubricant that is solid or liquid. The lubricant is a bio-oil. The plastic comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution contains organosiloxanes (preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane) (about 1 wt.%). Preferred Components: The organosiloxanes are X-ray stable; and methyl-substituted siloxanes. The organosiloxanes are selected from octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyltrisiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane. The organic solvent comprises ethyl alcohol, isooctane or toluene (preferably ethanol or toluene). The boiling point of the organosiloxanes is similar to the boiling point range of a fuel mixture. The fuel mixture comprises gasoline, ethanol, or diesel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The heterologous promoter sequence is a developmentally-regulated, organelle-specific, inducible, tissue-specific, constitutive, cell-specific, seed specific or germination-specific promoter. The transgenic plant is as an R0 transgenic plant, or a progeny plant of any generation of an R0 transgenic plant, where the transgenic plant has inherited the DNA construct. The transgenic plant further comprises at least a second nucleic acid sequence that down-regulates lignin biosynthesis. The DNA sequence down-regulates a lignin biosynthesis gene comprising 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A (CoA):shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), cinnamoyl CoA-reductase (CCR) or 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). The second nucleic acid sequence comprises an antisense or RNA interference (RNAi) construct. Preferred Method: The lignin content modifying method comprises: over-expressing the MYB4 transcription factor in the plant, where lignin content is decreased in the plant; expressing the DNA construct in the plant; or down-regulating the MYB4 transcription factor, where lignin is increased in the plant. In the lignin content method: the content of fermentable carbohydrates is increased in the plant; and the step of down-regulating the MYB4 transcription factor comprises expressing a RNAi or antisense construct comprising all or a part of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 43, 53, 55, 59, 61, 65, 75, 81, 83, 89, 99, 101, 107 or 109 in the plant, where the expression of the RNAi or antisense construct down-regulates the MYB4 transcription factor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the methods: the host microorganism is capable of faster growth, reproduction, enhanced survivability in the production environment, or more production per unit nutrient or starting fossil fuel or oil tar, than the starting microorganism, after transfection; and the genes are selectively altered, following transfection with such selectively altered genes, and the host microorganisms best suited for commercial production of petroleum are selected, before transfection. The genes responsible for the conversion are isolated by subtractive hybridization, where the subtractive hybridization is performed by representational difference analysis. Preferred Components: The starting microorganism is Thiobacillus aquaesulis 4255 and Thiobacillus aquaesulis 389, Thiosphaera pantotropha 356, Thiosphaera pantotropha 2944, Thiobacillus thioparus 55, or their mutants or variants or a microorganism which exists naturally in water including deep water. The host microorganism can exist in salt water or fresh water, metabolize glucose, rubber, grass or other nutrient media, exist in rocky, sandy or sand/water environments, can survive in heat, cold, or acidic or basic environments, oxidize sulfur, or it can exist in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur-containing compound is: sodium hydrogen sulfide or sulfur containing amino acid, preferably dimethyl sulfoxide; a by-product of a biomass digestion process; and black liquor. The catalyst is supported catalyst containing at least one metal/metal oxide of groups 6, 8, 9, or 10. The catalyst is a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing molybdenum or tungsten, cobalt and/or nickel, incorporated into a suitable support. The support is an inorganic oxide material. EXAMPLE - Crushed cobalt oxide-molybdate/alumina catalyst (2 g) were sulfided via treatment with a 50 wt.% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (20 g) in deionized water. The 100 ml Parr reactor was pressurized with 15 bar hydrogen, then the temperature was slowly ramped to 335 degrees C over 10 hours and held for 2 hours. After this, the reactor was cooled and the headspace swept with nitrogen into caustic to remove any residual hydrogen sulfide. Sulfided catalyst was collected by filtration and transferred to a dry box.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: a first portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons are recycled to form the solvent in step (ii); and substantial portion of lignin is removed with the digestive solvent after step (ii). The pH of the reaction mixture is at least 5, preferably 5.2-7. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises (e) digestive organic solvent. Preferred Components: The pH buffering agent is an inorganic base. The hydrogenolysis catalyst is: supported on an alumina; and a sulfided trimetallic (cobalt-nickel-molybdenum) catalyst. The catalyst has a sulfur content of 0.1-40 wt.%, a molybdenum content of 2-50 wt.%, and a cobalt and/or nickel content of 0.5-20 wt.%. The supported hydrogenolysis catalyst further comprises phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The metal serves as a catalyst for the reaction. The light is natural light, resulting in enhanced hydrogen gas generation in the reaction. The light passes through a transparent color glass container, resulting in enhanced production of hydrogen. The daylight passes through transparent containers, resulting in enhanced production of hydrogen. The hydrogen gas production in daylight is enhanced in transparent colored containers. The hydrogen gas production in daylight is enhanced when exposed to red color impregnated transparent container. The hydrogen gas production in moonlight is enhanced in transparent containers or colored transparent containers. The hydrogen gas production in moonlight is enhanced when exposed to blue color impregnated transparent container. The hydrogen gas production on the surface of iron or other metals such as copper, tin, gold or platinum in the reaction depends on the physical touching of the metal surface and complete submergence in sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate solution. EXAMPLE - Solutions of 10% NaOH (80 ml) and 5% acetic acid (3ml) were placed in a beaker with an aluminum rod completely submerged in these solutions. The reaction yielded hydrogen gas and aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide was a water soluble substance. The aluminum hydroxide remained in the solution but did not create an inhibiting coat around the aluminum rod. The aluminum rod continued to react with the solution, producing hydrogen gas. The reaction only came to a halt when the aluminum rod completely reacted with the solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas plant comprises several secondary gas storages. The biogas plant has a load that is connected with one of the gas storage in a communicative manner so that biogas is supplied to the load, where the pressure is adjustable in the primary gas storage such that the biogas is supplied to the load with a slightly greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure, preferably 0.1-4 mbars above the atmospheric pressure. The inner membrane of the double membrane gas storage is loaded with a weight. The filling level sensor is formed for detecting the height of a specific point of the inner membrane. A control device is formed for controlling the flow quantity of the biogas supplied to the load such that the flow quantity is controlled depending on a temperature-corrected filling level of the gas storage. A temperature sensor for measuring the gas temperature is arranged in the gas storage or in a line connecting the gas storage with the load. The load is a cogeneration plant (15), a bio natural gas feed station or a gas burner. Preferred Method: The primary gas storage also has double membrane gas storage with inner- and outer membrane, where a predetermined supporting pressure is adjusted such that the biogas with a pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure is applied on the load connected to the biogas plant. The biogas is stored in the gas storage, and supplied from the gas storage to the load. The flow quantity is reduced, when a predetermined temperature corrected filling quantity of the gas storage falls below. The temperature-corrected filling level is calculated with a linear interpolation of the maximum amount of gas and the minimum amount of gas, stored in the biogas plant. The maximum amount of gas at a minimum temperature of the gas and the minimum gas quantity at a maximum temperature of the gas, are calculated within a specific measurement period, preferably at least one day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified gas composition has higher contents of hydrogen, ethane, propane, ethylene and/or propene than the removed partial volume flow. The supplementary gas is a fermentation gas, and comprises oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The cracked gas hydrate is produced at high temperature and/or low pressure with respect to decomposition conditions of mixed gas hydrate. Gas-liquid contact of gas which is not hydrated during production of mixed gas hydrate is carried out with water (L1-L10), in carbon dioxide absorption portion (4) and carbon dioxide in gas is adsorbed to water. Gas-liquid contact of gas which is not hydrated during production of hydrate is carried out with water, in carbon dioxide absorption portion (6) and carbon dioxide in gas is adsorbed to water. The hydrate of cracked gas is decomposed and regasified in decomposition portion (7). Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is diffused in carbon dioxide diffusion portion, and water is supplied to adsorption process. The mixed gas hydrate is decomposed by raising temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The enzymatic hydrolysis step is carried out with microbially produced enzymes, and/or plant produced enzymes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentable sugar; and washing the pretreated lignocellulosic material with a basic solution. The pretreating step is carried out: at 80-150 degrees C (preferably 130 degrees C); for a period of 1-120 minutes (preferably 15-60 minutes); and at a biomass loading of 1-20 (preferably 10) wt.%. The pretreating step: decreases the amount of hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic material by at least 40%; and reduces the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and/or acetic acid. The partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material has a total recovered lignin content of at least 40% of the total lignin in the lignocellulosic material prior to the pretreating step. Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is: sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid (preferred), hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid and/or acidic metal salts; and present at 0.5-2 wt.% of the pretreatment solution. The glycerol is present at 80-99 wt.% of the pretreatment solution. The water is present at 5-20 wt.% of the pretreatment solution. The pretreated lignocellulosic material is separated from the pretreatment solution. The pretreatment solution is collected for reuse in pretreating additional lignocellulosic material. The basic solution has a pH of 11 or greater. The enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated lignocellulosic material is increased by at least two times compared to untreated lignocellulosic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The light liquid is discharged in recovery gas by light-liquid discharge unit, and air-liquid contact is carried out with recovery gas, or recovery gas is discharged in light liquid by foaming unit, and air-liquid contact is carried out. A dealcoholization unit separates residual alcohol from recovery gas which recovered the residual alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light liquid has free glycerin concentration of 0.02 %mass or less, and alkali-metal concentration of 5.0 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contained in the supported membrane, is a frit containing glass, ceramic, alumina and porous polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The siliceous filler is chosen from mica, crystalline quartz, ground quartz, diatomaceous silica, fumed silica, fused quartz, silica gel and precipitated silica, preferably ground quartz. The feed gas mixture contains carbon dioxide and nitrogen, or water vapor or carbon dioxide and methane. Preferred Properties: The membrane has thickness of 0.1-200 mu m, carbon dioxide permeability coefficient of 300 Batters or more, carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity of 10 or more, and carbon dioxide/methane selectivity of 3 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organopolysiloxane (A) contains silicone resin having siloxane units (R21R2SiO1/2) and siloxane units (SiO4/2). The mass ratio of siloxane units (R21R2SiO1/2) and siloxane units (SiO4/2) is 4:1-2.3:1. The resin contains 0.33-0.45 %mass of alkenyl groups.R1=monovalent hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl, in which both monovalent hydrocarbyl and halogenated hydrocarbyl does not contain aliphatic unsaturated group;andR2=R1 or alkenyl.Preferred Component: The membrane is chosen from plate membrane, spiral membrane, tubular membrane and hollow fiber membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In process (P1), the first feedstock is retorted using optimum processing parameters; the second feedstock is retorted using optimum processing parameters; both the first and second feedstocks are retorted in anaerobic conditions; the first feedstock is continuously fed into the first rotary retort kiln, the vaporized hydrocarbon compounds are continuously extracted from the first rotary retort kiln, the hot waste rock char is continuously removed from the first rotary retort kiln and transferred to the second rotary retort kiln, the second feedstock is continuously fed into the second rotary retort kiln, and the gasified organic materials are continuously extracted from the second rotary retort kiln; the carbon waste fines and hot rock char are continuously removed from the second rotary retort kiln; heat is continuously recovered from the carbon waste fines and hot rock char removed from the second rotary retort kiln, the recovered heat is used to generate process steam used in the further processing of condensed hydrocarbon compounds and condensed organic materials; and the hot waste rock char is intimately mixed with the second feedstock. In process (P2), each feedstock is retorted using processing parameters optimized for each feedstock; each feedstock is treated in a continuous process flow, and is subjected to separate and distinct kiln resident times, temperature regimens and processing zones as each feedstock flows through its respective retort kiln; and the hot waste rock char is intimately mixed with the MSW feedstock. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) is carried out with molecular oxygen compounds introduced into the reactor in the form of air, pure oxygen or air-oxygen intermediate mixtures such as enriched air. The supply of oxygen to the reactor depends on the content of the ratio of oxygen/intermediate of 1/12 to 6/1, preferably 1/6 to 4/1, the ratio of intermediate/medium of 1-40%, preferably 3-20%, the content of an inert medium of 40-90%, preferably 60-80%, the ratio of the carbon dioxide/inert of 50-90% and the content of an inert nitrogen of 1-50%, preferably 1-20% in stabilized operation. Preferred Components: The intermediate compound is 2-4C alcohol, 2-4C alpha -olefin or saturated 2-4C acid containing hydroxyl function. The biomass comprises sugars, starches, celluloses and any plant material containing sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose and/or starch and by synthesis gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tension belt extends: from the ceiling to a first deflection axis; then from the deflection axis to its rear side facing away from the ceiling; there from to the ceiling facing the front side of a second deflection axis; around the second deflection axis to its rear side; and from there back to the rear side of the first deflection axis. The tension belt rests in a region adjacent to the rear portion of the tension belt. The tension belt is clamped to the attachment point using a mounting screw that fixes the base body to the wall. The mounting screw extends through the tension belt. A portion of the tension belt clamped using the mounting screw, is folded to U-shape such that a center of the tension belt moving forward and backward is clamped using the mounting screw. A printing plate is arranged between the forward- and the backward center of the U-shape folded portion of the tension belt. A pressure plate is arranged between a screw head of the mounting screw, which fixes the tension belt, and the tension belt. The base body is designed as a console with a U-shaped cross-section. The base body with a base surface (6), faces the U-shaped cross-section of the wall. The two deflection axes extend between the two flank surfaces of the U-shaped cross-section. The two deflection axes are formed by screws, whose shaft is designed in a thread-free manner in a region, in which the tension belt is guided to the deflection axis. The screws forming the two deflection axes are designed as carriage screws (8) and its screw head adjacently and respectively exhibits cross-sectional geometry that is different from circular geometry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The concentrator is designed for the concentration with the use of waste heat by supplying heat. The concentrator is operable by waste heat generated by the cogeneration plant, where the waste heat is provided as a hot water. The system comprises a container (4) for condensate accumulating in the concentrator. Preferred Method: The concentration of the biomass is carried out by waste heat, which is generated by the cogeneration plant. The concentration of the biomass is carried out at a remote location from the biogas plant, and the concentrated biomass is then transported to the biogas plant. The method includes precipitation of ammonia from the condensate. The method includes adding animal feed to the low calorific liquid before or after the concentration of high calorific biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The gas-separation apparatus further has a hydrate decomposition portion (31). Preferred Process: The hydrate decomposition portion decomposes the II-type mixed gas hydrate produced from the hydrate production port, and regasifies. The liquid component obtained by decomposition is then recycled to the hydrate generation port.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is cyclopentane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol and/or ether compound is chosen from ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-octanol, benzyl alcohol, diehylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, pinacol, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl)ether, 18-crown-6-ether, polyethyleneglycol, 2-methoxy ethanol, 2-phenoxy ethanol and 2-butoxy ethanol. The alkali metal salt of aromatic hydroxyl compound is chosen from sodium phenol, potassium phenol and 2-naphthol potassium. Preferred property: The temperature at the time of reaction is 20-220 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the compound (I), involves reacting 7-fluoro-2-methoxy-8-methyl-1,5-naphthyridine (Ia) with tert-butyl (3R,6S)-6-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate (Ib) in the presence of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) or lithium hexamethyl disylazide (LiHMDS) in a polar aprotic solvent or a polar aprotic mixture of solvents at a temperature of less than 20 degrees C. Preferred Method: The reaction between the compound (Ia) and (Ib) is performed in the presence of LDA and in the absence of LiHMDS; or in the presence of LiHMDS and in the absence of LDA. The reaction between the compound (Ia) and (Ib) is performed at a temperature of -10 degrees C to +10 degrees C. The process involves reaction, in a polar aprotic solvent or a polar aprotic solvent mixture, of the compound (I) with DIBAH. The reaction with DIBAH is performed using 2-4 equivalents of DIBAH per equivalent of the compound (I). Preferred Components: The polar aprotic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF). EXAMPLE - A reactor was charged with 7-fluoro-2-methoxy-8-methyl-1,5-naphthyridine (500 g), tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (888 g) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (10 l). The solution was cooled to -10 degrees C and 1M LiHMDS in THF (8 l) was added for 30 minutes, keeping the internal temperature below -5 degrees C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 0 degrees C and after work up, tert-butyl (3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-fluoro-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)acetyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate (823 g; 75% yield) as a yellow solid was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fermentation in step (iii) is performed at more than 50 degrees C for 6-10 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): organic matter (45-48), nitrogen (1-1.1), phosphorus pentoxide (2.5-3), potassium oxide (3-3.5) and water ( less than or equal to 30 wt.%), where the pH of organic fertilizer is 6.6-6.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes carrying out natural fermentation at 45-60 degrees C for 12-15 days after mixing the fresh tobacco plant wastes by spraying the Bacillus licheniformis inoculum, where the total number of the viable bacteria in the Bacillus licheniformis inoculum is greater than or equal to 2x 1010 colony forming unit (cfu)/g, and carrying out the natural fermentation at 40-45 degrees C for 30-40 days by spraying the fermenting inocula (taken from Dianjun biological fermenting bacterial agent of Kunming Dianjun Environmental Deodorization Technology Limited Company) after filling the organic mixture material in the sealed bag. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, and zinc are existed in forms of sulfate or nitrate. Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer is obtained by taking the pig manure and straw stalk as raw materials and performing high-temperature aerobic secondary fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungus culture medium waste comprises black fungus, Auricularia polytricha and white fungus culture medium waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modifying agent comprises (in wt.%) potassium hydroxide (1-2) or calcium hydroxide (1-3). The nutrient solution absorbed by biological polymer substance comprises (in wt.%) potato extract liquid (20), grain husk extract liquid (5-10), white sugar (1), urea (0.3-0.5), monopotassium phosphate (0.1), magnesium sulfate (0.1), vitamin (0.1) and water (balance).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biological polymer substance is obtained through modifying and polymerizing the natural cellulose or protein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises (in wt.%) photosynthetic bacterial inocula with an effective active bacteria of 8-1 billion/ml (10), fulvic acid (10), urea (2), monoammonium phosphate (1), potassium sulfate (2), potassium silicate (0.1), azadirachtin (0.1), ammonium molybdate (0.4), radix aconiti kusnezoffii (0.4) and water (remaining). The fertilizer further comprises 1-2% of Chinese herbal medicine extract. The Chinese herbal medicine is at least one of Cyrtomium fortunei, szechwan Chinaberry fruit, Areca nut, common Cnidium fruit, fructus kochiae, hindu Datura flower, honey locust leaf, Ailanthus altissima leaf and pine needle. The Chinese herbal medicine is added with water to prepare water extract. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amount of corn straw and cow dung used in the step (ii), are respectively 70% and 30%, and the amount of microbial fermentation agent used is 3%. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the dilution method of the microbial fermentation agent is carried out by dissolving brown sugar with equal amount of microbial fermentation agent by adding 100 times of clear water, and completely stirring by adding with microbial fermentation agent, where the microbial fermentation agent is VT-1000 microbial agent. In the step (iii), the bagging step is carried out by loading 20-30 kg of fertilizer/woven bag, and is uniformly folded, where the height of stack is 0.8-1.5 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Lewis acid is boron trifluoride etherate (preferred), aluminum chloride, ferric trichloride or niobium chloride. The alkaline solution is sodium bicarbonate solution (preferred), sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium bicarbonate solution, potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate solution. The halide is sodium bromide (preferred), potassium bromide, sodium iodide or potassium iodide. The inorganic alkaline is sodium hydroxide (preferred), sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is N,N-dimethylacetylamide (preferred), dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone or acetonitrile. The ester solvent is ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate or ethyl propionate. The non-polar solvent is methylbenzene (preferred), acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride or 1,2-dichloroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each discharge pipe and the inlet pipe respectively pass through the corresponding sleeve and the side wall of the shell, which are connected to each other. Each sleeve is inserted on the side wall of the shell body and is welded with the side wall of the shell. Each discharge pipe and the inlet pipe respectively pass through the corresponding sleeve and the external device, which are connected to each other. A spacing gap is located between each discharge pipeline and inlet pipeline, and the sleeve. Each discharge pipeline and inlet pipeline within the outer shell is connected to the sleeve. The inner wall of the shell and the upper collection box is respectively equipped with multiple pairs of vertical guide lugs for thermal expansion of the heat exchanger. A gap is formed between the two projections of the each pair of convex lugs. Each pair of bumps is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the shell along the circumferential direction. The shell comprises an insulating layer at the outer side of a pressure bearing layer is located at inner side of a supporting layer between the pressure bearing layer and insulating layer. The supporting layer is a tortoise-shell net formed by welding multiple connecting rods on the inner wall of the pressure bearing layer. The insulating layer is insulating castable formed by passing through the tortoise-shell net casting on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing layer to fill the tortoise-shell net with the insulating castable. The thickness of the heat insulation layer and the supporting layer is 40-60 mm. The methanation heat exchanger has three sections. The heat exchanger is a tube structure or the membrane-type water cooling wall structure. The guide tube is a water cooling wall tube structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst has specific surface area of 50-400 m2/g, average grain size of 50-500 mu m, bulk density of 500-2000 kg/m3 and Mohs hardness of 5-9. Catalyst comprises (pts. wt.): active component (20-70), carrier (20-80), and auxiliary agent comprising copper, zinc, and/or chromium. Carrier is aluminum oxide (Al 2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and/or chromium oxide (Cr2O3). Active component comprises (wt.%): copper catalyst (0-56), composite metal powder (10-35) and zinc and chromium (10-35). Synthesis gas is mixed gas of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite catalyst comprises copper sulfate and ferric sulfate at mass ratio of 1:7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The antifoaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane, tributyl phosphate or polyoxypropylene. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving the iridium trichloride and L in a first solvent, backflow reacting, cooling, purifying to obtain the intermediate product Ir2(L)4Cl2, dissolving the intermediate product, 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridyl and sodium carbonate to a second solvent, backflow reacting under the inert gases protection, cooling and purifying to obtain the compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame retardant foaming agent comprises ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrite and water at mass ratio of 0-5:27-33:65-71. It further comprises ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, and water at mass ratio of 0-6:35:37-43:50-80.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium sulfosuccinate, n-propyl and/or ethyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant is polyethylene glycol-400, Tween (RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester), oil alcohol polyethenoxy ether or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diazo group and electron-attractive group containing sulfonic acid group are bonded on the surface of electrode material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compost mixture comprises fine rock material of dominant particle size of 0.002-2 mm and pH adjusting material (10 vol.%) chosen from lime and/or ashes. Preferred Components: The organic nitrogenous material comprises green matter such as turf, sediment such as ground sediment from a water system, biowaste and/or manure. The broken dry matter comprises dead material such as wood chips e.g. hardwood chips, bark, lake purification waste such as reed canary grass, common reed, common or maritime club-rush, grass or hay, straw or their mixture. The decomposing material comprises mycocelial filaments and/or enzyme. The mycocelial elements comprise shiitake filaments. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of biomass feedstock is 10% or more, preferably 30% or more. The residual fraction is fed to a bioreactor for production algae and/or bacteria e.g. cyano bacteria, which is used as biomass feedstock for the feed mixture. The feed mixture contains homogeneous catalyst including potassium and/or sodium. The recovered substance comprises water-soluble organic compound and/or homogeneous catalyst. The reaction is performed using supercritical fluids e.g. superheated supercritical fluid, and oxidizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The system comprises a sucking element, which is located in front of the air outlet hole and facilitates the discharge of the air and the gases within the drum. The sucking element is fan. The system comprises a bedding element providing the rotation of the drum. The bedding element is ball bearing. Additionally, the system comprises a drum ring located on the drum, which protects the drum against the damages from bedding element. It comprises a control panel which measures the temperature increases of the organic materials and/or wastes within the drum. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises: mechanically disrupting the seed core; digesting the disrupted seed core material in an aqueous medium with a carbohydrase; and separating the product into an oil fraction, a proteinaceous fraction and a water-soluble saccharide fraction. In the process, plant seed is mechanically disrupted, the disrupted seed is fed into a digestion reactor and digested in an aqueous medium using a carbohydrase, and a product flow comprising liquid plant oil, an aqueous solution of water-soluble saccharides, and solid proteinaceous material is withdrawn from the reactor and separated into a liquid oil fraction, an aqueous fraction and a solids fraction; and plant seed cake is fed into a digestion reactor and digested in an aqueous medium using a carbohydrase, and a product flow comprises liquid plant oil, an aqueous solution of water-soluble saccharides, and solid proteinaceous material is withdrawn from the reactor and separated into a liquid oil fraction, an aqueous fraction and a solids fraction. The aqueous fraction or the saccharide fraction is treated to extract charged water soluble materials and water soluble aromatics. ACTIVITY - Anabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Seeds of Camelina sativa (100 g) was milled using a coffee mill to yield particles in the dimension of 20-100 mu M. The seed material was suspended in deionized water (500 ml) and Viscozyme L (RTM: Endo-beta-glucanase) (5 ml) in a container which was capped and stored at 50 degrees C for 5 hours with regular agitation. After the incubation, the slurry was spun at 5000 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes and worked up to give oil (5 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is chosen from one or more of palm oil biomass, sago pith residues, rice biomass, woody material, sawdust, corn fiber, wheat straw, any material composed of cellulose and hemicellulose and any of their combinations. The substrate has cellulose and hemicellulose content of 20-70%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture is 0.01-0.5 bar. The gas mixture is a combustion exhaust gas. The gas mixture is derived from the fermentation or composting of biomass. The gas mixture comprises oxygen (0.1-025 vol.%). Preferred Method: The carbon dioxide absorbed in the absorption medium is desorbed by increasing the temperature and/or reducing the pressure. The absorption medium after desorption of carbon dioxide, is used again for absorption of carbon dioxide. The absorption is carried out at 10-80 degrees C. The desorption is carried out at 30-180 degrees C. The method comprises stripping the absorption medium charged with carbon dioxide for desorption with an inert gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorption medium comprises (I) and (II) in a weight ratio of 20:1-1:20. The amount of (I) and (II) in the absorption medium is 15-50 wt.%. The absorption medium does not comprise solvent. Preferred Definitions:    R1 = methyl; and    R2 = n-butyl or n-propyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method: the steps (b) and (c) are carried out in a separation device (B1) and step (d) is carried out in a reactor; the steps (b)-(d) are carried out successively in the same device; the step (a) is carried out at a pressure of 0.1-20 bars, and at a temperature of -5-20 degrees C; the steps (b) and (c) are carried out at a pressure of 0.1-20 bars or 5-70 bars, the step (d) is carried out at the pressure of 5-70 bars, and at the temperature of -5-30 degrees C and the step (e) is carried out at a pressure of 0.1-20 bars; and step of cooling the liquid solution is carried out prior to (a). Preferred Components: In the method: the liquid solution further comprises at least one non-ionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic amphiphilic compound that has at least anti-agglomeration property of hydrates; the non-water miscible phase is hydro-carbon solvents, silicone type solvents, and/or halogenated or per-halogenated solvents; and the liquid solution also comprises at least one hydrate promoter compound which is tetrahydrofuran or substituted hydrocarbon compounds of formula ((X1(R1)(R2)(R3))+(Y1-)) (I).X1 = S, N-R4 or P-R4;Y1 = anion that comprises OH, sulfate or halo; andR1-R4 = 1-5C alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises xylene, toluene, and/or benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode catalyst comprises platinum, tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, niobium doped antimony tin oxide, graphite and manganese oxide. The cathode catalyst comprises platinum, manganese oxide, graphite and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pollutant is acid blue dye, phenol, acetaminophen, formic acid, ibuprofen or Kraft effluent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The condensation of the volatile fraction in the step (b) is conducted at 50-150 degrees C. The process further comprises size reduction of the solid char, where the size reduction takes place as a part of step (a) and/or immediately subsequent to step (a). In the step (c), water (up to 0-15 wt.% of the solid char) is combined with the solid char. In the process, additives are provided in the pellets so as to modify the properties of the pellets. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The electro hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a pressure sensor. The reaction container has a double pipe structure. The reaction container has a sheath heater (6) for heating biomass feedstock to outer peripheral surface of inner tube with which feedstock is filled, and a refrigerant path containing refrigerant for cooling biocoke, between inner tube and outer tube. Heating is carried out at 80 degrees C and 5-20 degrees C/minute. Pressurization is performed under 5-10 MPa and 15-25 MPa for 1-10 seconds at every 10 minutes. The biomass feedstock is chosen from chaff, buckwheat chaff and sawdust.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tetrahydridoborate salt is sodium borohydride. The magnesium salt is magnesium chloride. The solvent is diethyl ether. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The hydrodesulfurization device comprises catalyst for hydrogenation reaction and catalyst for adsorption reaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adsorption-reaction catalyst and hydrogenation-reaction catalyst contain copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The mixture of acid (0.5-10 wt.%) is added to hexitol (100 wt.%). The ratio of first acid to second acid is 1:9-7:3. The hexitol is at least one chosen from sorbitol, mannitol, and iditol. Preferred Method: The dehydration reaction is carried out at 105-190 degrees C for 1-10 hours under vacuum. The purification is carried out by vacuum distillation process at 150-250 degrees C. The method further involves performing activated carbon or activated clay treatment for decoloration. The method further involves adding alkali to neutralize the dehydration product before distillation is carried out. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquefied petroleum gas is propane (less than 10 %mass). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquefied petroleum gas contains less than 10 %mass of propane with respect to total amount of propellant component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first nano metal shell is iron, cobalt or nickel. The second nano metal shell consists of ruthenium. The carrier is strong-acid or weak-acid cationic exchange resin. One of the first and second nano metal shells consists of ruthenium. The second nano metal shell consists of ruthenium. EXAMPLE - IR-120 (RTM: cationic exchange resin) (30 g) was added to a cobalt chloride solution (CoCl2.6H2O, 8.992 g/dL), and stirred for 60 revolution per minute (rpm) at room temperature, such that the acidic function of the resin surface chelated the cobalt ion. The unchelated cobalt ion on the resin surface was then washed by deionized water. The washed resin was added to NaBH4 solution to reduce chelated cobalt ion, thereby forming a nano cobalt shell wrapping the resin surface. The resin was then washed by deionized water and dried at room temperature to form the magnetic catalyst having a single-layered nano cobalt shell. The magnetic performance of the catalyst, the chelated cobalt amount on the catalyst surface was 30%. The magnetic catalyst was recycled after the hydrogen releasing reaction was completed. The recycled magnetic catalyst was washed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gas permeation membrane is obtained by mixing and heating epoxy compound of formula (II).R7=monovalent organic group (optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, alkyl or fluoroalkyl) obtained by removing hydrogen from alkane, aromatic ring or alicyclic ring and containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;andi=1-4. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-(5-(3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylbenzyl)-2-methylphenyl)ethane-1,1-diol, 1-(5-(1-(3-(1-hydroxyl-1-methyl-ethyl)-4-methyl-phenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl)-2-methyl phenyl)ethane-1,1-diol, 1-(5-(3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylphenoxy)-2-methylphenyl)ethane-1,1-diol, 1-(5-(3-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-benzyl)-2,3-dimethyl phenyl)-ethane-1,1-diol, 2-(5-(9-(3-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl)-4-methyl-phenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-2-methyl phenyl)propan-2-ol, 2-(6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-naphthyl)propan-2-ol, 2-(2,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-2-ol or 2-(5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-ol;and    R2=4-(1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-methylethyl)-1,2-dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert support substrate comprises silica particles that are conditioned with trifluoromethansulfonic anhydride and/or hexamethyldisilazane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The branched alkanes include 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, 3-methylheptane, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, 2,4,7-trimethylnonane, and/or their branched isomers that retain a tertiary or quaternary carbon bond. The superacid comprises trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane sulfonic acid, perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and/or magic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) poultry excrement (70-90), crop waste (15-32), scouring scrap (18-35), biological culture (0.22-0.4) and microelements (0.2-1.2). Preferred Composition: The bio-organic fertilizer further comprises (in parts by wt.) humic acid (3-20, preferably 13) and a mineral substance (12-30, preferably 20). The bio-organic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) sheep manure (40), chicken manure (20), pig manure (20), grass meal (20), scouring scrap (23), biological culture (0.3), microelements (0.7), humic acid (13) and a mineral substance (20).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The poultry excrement is sheep manure, chicken manure, and/or pig manure in a mass ratio of 2:1:1. The crop waste is straw, grass meal and/or rice chaff, preferably straw and/or grass meal. The biological culture is a complex inoculum comprising phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral substance is magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate and/or calcium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The height of the organic fertilizer raw material compost in the tank is 1.3-1.5 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The effluent ammonia tail gas is injected every time at an interval of 4-5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The diameter of the air hole on the air injection pipeline is 4-6 mm, and the spacing distance of the air hole is 1 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The undischarged and unabsorbed carbon dioxide gas in the step (b), step (c), step (e) and step (f) is absorbed using 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The absorbance of the microalgae is done at a wavelength of 680 nm. The method further comprises sending marsh gas comprising 20-30% of carbon dioxide and 60-70% of methane into a molecular sieve dehydration tank and sending into a separating tower to separate carbon dioxide, absorbing the carbon dioxide in the separating tower using polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, releasing methane in the mixture, where the separating tower has a pressure of 1.5-5.5 MPa, and a temperature of 15 degrees C, sending the polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and absorbed carbon dioxide into a flash tank, where the flash tank has a flash groove with a pressure of 0.08 MPa, discharging the carbon dioxide from the polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, filling high purity carbon dioxide into two carbon dioxide storage tanks, sending released methane into the centrifuge machine, and heating and baking the microalgae by sending the microalgae to a power generation system to generate electricity. Preferred Components: The membrane reactor has an aperture of 0.1 mu m. The culture medium comprises 12000 mg of sodium bicarbonate, 20 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 100 mg of potassium nitrate, 30 mg of urea, 20 mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1000 mg of sodium chloride, 0.023 mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.078 mg of manganese(II) chloride tetrahydride, 0.01 mg of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.0039 mg of iron(III) citrate pentahydrate, 0.0073 mg of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.012 mg of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, 0.00435 mg of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.5 mg of vitamin B2 and 100 mg of vitamin Bp. The microalgae seed is obtained from aquatic organism science research institution fresh water algae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filling material in the section is zeolite, gravel, limestone, slag or active carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water distributing pipe and the water distribution pipe are made of DN100-DN120 mm PVC tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: determining growth period of the micro-algae under the light strategy for suitable period; and selecting the illumination strategy according to the largest light intensity determining constant, to determine the degree of energy saving type illumination strategy, and promoting micro-algae growth lifting biogas purifying effect. The light intensity is set to determine the stepwise illumination strategy experimental group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fermentation treatment chamber further comprises upper and lower two layers. Each layer of fermentation treatment chamber comprises multiple horizontal and straight circular pipelines in parallel. The staring end of the upper layer fermentation treatment pipe cavity is connected with the material inlet, and the terminal end is connected with the starting end of the lower layer fermentation treatment pipe cavity. At least one vertical circular pipeline is arranged between the upper layer and lower layer fermentation treatment pipe cavities. The vertical circular pipeline is provided with a lifting screw rod driven by a small motor. The lifting screw rod is used for lifting the fermented organic waste in the lower layer fermentation treatment pipe cavity up to the upper layer fermentation treatment pipe cavity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The plate-type conveying belt uses parallel wire ropes in the middle as a whole plate, where 4-6 steel wire ropes ( phi 8-16) are rotated by driving a roller through a reducer on an adjustable motor. The plate-type conveying belt is provided with a supporting roller at every 0.8-1.2 m for supporting its weight and ensuring its normal operation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The artificial rainwater leaching is carried out by using sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate to prepare acid rain with sulfate ion, nitrate ion, ammonium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, potassium ion and sodium ion containing respectively (in mg/l) 14.96, 6.54, 3.71, 0.82, 1.38, 1.68, 0.64, and 0.78, and regulating the pH of hydrochloric acid to 5.6 for further use. Preferred Components: The heavy metal is cadmium, nickel, copper, lead and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In culturing the common C. vulgaris, the wastewater treatment plant is the wastewater treatment plant of Huilian Thermoelectric Company Limited in Wuxi. The CO2 gas is the mixture of waste gas emitted by factory and the air. The total nitrogen in the secondary effluent is 30.0-50.0 mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen is 10.0-16.0 mg/l, and the total phosphorus concentration is 2.0-4.0 mg/l. The algae cell concentration in the photoreactor is 1.0x108 to 5.0x108 after culturing for 480 hours, the water quality of the culture medium in the photoreactor is corresponding to the national A-level discharge water standard. The common C. vulgaris is cultured until the total nitrogen concentration is less than 15.0 mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 1.0 mg/l, and the total phosphorus concentration is less than 0.5 mg/l. The common C. vulgaris is cultured until the lipid content of the common C. vulgaris in the photoreactor is 25.0-40.0%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The wheat straw is cleaned, air-dried and cut into small pieces of 2-3 cms. The ammonia preprocessing comprises mixing wheat straw and urea solution (35-50 g/l) in a mass- volume ratio of 50 g:200 ml, and sealing and processing at 30 degrees C for 25 days. The biological preprocessing comprises preprocessing using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma reesei with a spore number of (1x 106: 1x 106)-(1x 109:1x 109) at a pH value of 4-5, and sealing and processing at 27 degrees C for 6 days. The mixed anaerobic fermentation process comprises placing the ammonia-biological combined treated wheat straw in a fermentation tank, adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio to (20:1)-(30:1), adding inoculum (30% of the total amount of the fermentation liquid) to the fermentation tank, adjusting the initial pH value to 6.8-7.4, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a thermostatic water bath. The thermostatic water bath is stirred at 38 degrees C at a stirring speed of 100 revolutions/minute. The anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 22 days. Preferred Components: The inoculum is activated sludge obtained from the fermented residue of methane system of normal fermentation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nitrogen ratio is adjusted using ammonium bicarbonate. The initial pH of 6.8-7.4 is adjusted using 5 mol/l of hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (a), the quantity of waste liquid and waste dreg in the baffle depositing pool is adjusted so that the total solid content reaches 4-10%, the temperature is controlled at 30-45 degrees C, and the pH value is controlled to 3.2-4.8. In step (b), the hydrolysis acidification pool is provided with acidification tanks, the material in the acidification tank by pressure difference automatically flows into the last acidification tank. Each of a bottom of the pool is cloth pipeline, which has a branch tube pipe and a column pipe on a certain distance away from an opening. The acidification reaction comprises uniformly mixing the materials, transferring the materials into the acidifying tank through a pump to acidification for 3-6 days, where the pH value is 3.2-4.8, the temperature is 30-45 degrees C, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) value is less than 15000-20000 mg/l. In step (c), the pH value is 4-6.8, the temperature value is 30-40 degrees C and a COD value is less than 25000 mg/l. In the step (d), the anaerobic fermentation tank has a pH value of 5-6.8, the reaction temperature is 25-45 degrees C. The microorganism is degraded to generate methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, the generated methane is used for drying, generating electricity, or natural gas for vehicle after decarbonization. The distiller waste liquid generated by distillation is used as fuel to generate steam after drying; and some of the steam the furnace generates is used for ethanol production, some for generating electricity; and the ash furnace generates can be used as fertilizer for sale. The methane generates superheated steam through hot blast heater, which is transformed into saturated vapor after drying the distiller waste liquid, and the saturated vapor is used as heat source for distilling and rectifying. The agriculture and forestry waste is grinded to a length of no more than 50 mm, which is send to vapor blasting section to blast under a pressure of 1.6-2.4 MPa after eliminating impurities; the recycled steam generated in blasting process is cooled to liquid, which is send to methane fermentation section. The method comprises adding the solid phase with 10-200 U/g cellulose in the cellulase to perform enzymolysis for 12-36 hours under 40-60 degrees C; adding dried yeast with 2-3 kg/ton ethanol to perform ethanol fermenting for 48-96 hours within 30-40 degrees C; distilling the fermented mature substance with residues in the distillation tower within 85-95 degrees C, sending the rough ethanol got at the top of the tower to the rectifying tower to rectify and dewater under 70-85 degrees C, and obtaining ethanol product with a purity of 95% after rectifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (1) comprises crushing the sweet sorghum stems into filaments with a diameter of 1-2 mm and a length of 30 mm. The concentration of the yeast culture solution in step (1) is per ml of yeast solution containing 5x 106 to 8x 107 yeast cells. The enzyme in step (4) is cellulase. The yeast is TSH-Sc-001 strain or angel yeast. The solid-liquid separation comprises extraction, centrifugation, precipitation and/or liquid rotating separation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution in the step (2) is 0.5-10 mole/l of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide solution. The enzymolysis buffer solution is a sodium citrate buffer solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The zymocyte liquid comprises Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus larvae, Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium acetobutylicum. The enzyme preparation comprises pectinase, medium temperate amylase and cellulose. The mass ratio of pectinase, medium temperate amylase to cellulose in the enzyme preparation is 0.8-1.2:1-1.2:0.8-1:1-1.4:0.8-1.2, preferably 0.8:1:0.8:1:0.8. The adding amount of each bacterial liquid in the zymocyte liquid is 0.25-1%. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding enzyme preparation (0.4%) into the kitchen waste and then liquefying for 10 hours at 30 degrees C, adding the solution into zymocyte liquid (0.4%) and fermenting for 54 hours at 40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In using comprehensively spirit vinasse to produce high performance white carbon black and succinic acid, the airflow drying is carried out under condition of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. When preparing, the amount of the Actinobacillus is 2% of total weight, where the fermentation time is 24-72 hours. Extracting agent is octylamine and n-octyl mixed reagent, where octylamine and n-octyl volume ratio is 2:1-4:1, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid and extracting agent is 1:0.7-1:1.3, the extraction temperature is 30 to 40 degrees C, and the extracting time is 30-50 minutes. When producing white carbon black, acid washing is carried out with sulfuric acid solution to pH of 1. Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide at 5-4 mol/L. The chelating agent is EDTA, the adding amount is 0.2%-0.8%, where curing is for 3-6 hours. When producing white carbon black, the aging time is 1-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The engineered fungal strain when compared to the parental strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC No 2.1364), can be grown in a whey culture medium, and fermented to produce ethanol, where the fermentation time is 120 hours. The whey lactose utilization rate is 97.65%, the yield of anhydrous ethanol by lactose is 46.4% which is equal to the rate of theoretical yield of 86.24%. The glucose and galactose repressor are simultaneously released, and utilized as a fermentation liquid containing 19% volume/volume (v/v) of ethanol, and providing resistance to the strain at a room temperature of 39 degrees C without affecting the fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline electrolyte is silicate and/or phosphate. The titanium implant has arbitrary shapes. The cefazolin sodium concentration is 10-20 g/L, and the chitosan deacetylation rate is over 90%. The chitosan content of chitosan solution of 5 vol.%, and the acetic acid content is 5 vol.%. The volume ratio of chitosan solution to cefazolin sodium solution is 1:2. The time of soaking the micro-arc implant in chitosan and cefazolin sodium in mixed solution is 30-120 minutes. The drying temperature is 20-40 degrees C and the drying time is 2-8 hours. The alkaline electrolyte is prepared from (g/L) EDTA-disodium (15), sodium hydroxide (20, preferably 15), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (14.2, preferably 6.3), and hydrated calcium dihydrogen phosphate (8.8, preferably 13.2) using deionized water as solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The petroleum ether-chloroform ratio is 1:(3-5).
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Antidiarrheic; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Antimicrobial; Respiratory-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The deodorant is shredded tobacco, yeast, anaerobic yeast, nicotine bacteria, microzyme, sulfur powder, methanol mixed system, vanillin, spina gleditsiae, herba corydalis bungeanae, tambac, Dalbergia, Schisandra propinqua, and/or rhizome cyperi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The volume ratio of microbial preparation and organic sewage is 3:7. The organic sewage comprises malodorous compounds chosen from halogen (derivative), hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing organic compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, and sulfur-containing organic compounds. The malodorous compounds are absorbed through the cell membrane of microorganisms, to generate corresponding enzyme function, decompose the malodorous compounds, and convert compounds into water-soluble substances and fermented into organic acid. The organic acid and microbe are reacted to obtain bioalcohol-based composite fuel. Each reaction tank of 6-filter reactor is added with microbe to capture carbon in air and improve carbon content in organic sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The blank layer contains (in wt.%) sand (10-15), A135 sand (5-10), A254 sand (15-20), A214 sand (5-13), bight sand (8-12), Zhongshan mud (5-12), C064 mud (3-5), C148 mud (5-9), black mud (3-5), clay flakes (3-6), siliceous lime (7-10) and lime powder (6-10). The cover glaze layer comprises silica (40-50), ferric oxide (5-10), manganese oxide (5-10), alumina (5-15), calcium oxide (0.5-1.5), phosphorus oxide (5-10), nickel oxide (2-4), copper oxide (3-4) and sodium oxide (5-10). Preferred Process: The ground glaze is prepared by mixing clinker with additives comprising Qidao clay (5-15), calcined kaolin (15-20), zirconium silicate (5-15), alumina (28-35), methane (0.2-0.5), tripolymer (0.2-0.3) and water (30-40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed ratio of seawater and sewage is 1:1-4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A furnace head sealing device A is arranged between the converter head A and the converter drum A for sealing. A furnace tail sealing device A is arranged between converter tail A and converter drum A for sealing. The raw material feeding motor A, converter drive motor A and thermocouple temperature measuring device A are separately connected with a control cabinet A by guide wires. A furnace head sealing device B is arranged between converter head B and converter drum B for sealing. A furnace tail sealing device B is arranged between converter tail B and the converter drum B for sealing. The raw material feeding motor B, converter drive motor B and thermocouple temperature measuring device B are separately connected with a control cabinet B by guide wires. The converter drum A converter drum B is respectively provided with an access hole A and access hole b. The converter drum A is tilted from the converter head A to the converter tail A at 1-45 degrees . The converter drum B is tilted from the converter head B to the converter tail B at 1-45 degrees . The biodiesel recycling device A and biodiesel recycling device B are tubular heat exchangers, fin-type heat exchangers or plate-type heat exchangers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The dealkylation pre-heater is tube type heat exchanger. The distilling and purifying tower is set with tower kettle pipe coil, lower corrugated structured packing, spray head, upper corrugated structured packing, lower part tube type heat exchanger, and heat exchanger from bottom of distillation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method also comprises preventing resin product from compression process, desulfurizing process, and dealkylation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method comprises feeding carbon dioxide raw gas containing impurity with excess oxygen to dealkylation pre-heater; and filling into dealkylation reactor, in which dealkylation pre-heater is tube type heat exchanger. The carbon dioxide raw gas containing impurity with excess oxygen is filled into pipe of dealkylation pre-heater, and high temperature gas from dealkylation reactor is returned to shell of dealkylation pre-heater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or butyl alcohol. The ether is dimethyl ether. The hydrocarbon is propane, butane or pentane. The amount of propylene and butane in low carbon olefin mixed gas is 5-95 volume%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The biomaterial comprises biodegradable materials of plant origin (preferably coconut shell fibers, cotton cloth and/or bio-membranes).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Composter: The composter has structural inserts in the fabric that force the ends of the composter apart from each other, thus maintaining cylindrical shape. The structural inserts can be flexed, allowing the ends of the composter to be pushed towards each other, resulting in a flat packed composter for storage purposes. The composter has hooks (9) attached to an end, allowing the composter to be secured in its collapsed position. The composter has an aperture in the fabric, with a flap or door (4), thus allowing the composter to be opened for adding and removing material, and allowing the composter to be securely closed. The composter has toggles (6) at the extremes of the flap to close the aperture in a secure fashion. The composter has strips (5) along the edges of the aperture and flap, to close the aperture in a secure fashion. The composter also has drainage holes (7) in the fabric. The composter is constructed from air-porous fabric, thus allowing greater air circulation within the composter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using nutrient solution containing salt chosen from digested-sludge supernatant liquid obtained by carrying out digestive treatment of raw sludge and excess sludge, supernatant liquid of preliminary sedimentation basin and supernatant liquid of final sedimentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The thermochemical reactor is a torrefaction reactor, and a pyrolysis reactor. The transfer system is automotive, rail, air, and pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrodesulfurization catalyst is equipped with a cobalt molybdenum type-catalyst. The secondary desulfurizer is equipped with a copper zinc type-catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The specific compound is selected from one among trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane-2-one, methyl trifluoro acetate, methane, ethylene, trifluoromethane, trifluoroethane, 1, 2-difluoro ethene, fluoro ethene, 1,1,1,2-trifluoroethane or 3,3,3-trifluoro propene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The producing step comprises: producing ethanol from the transported sugar water at the centralized ethanol producing plant by fermenting the sugar water; and hydrolysis of the cellulose, hemicellulose, and/or lignocellulose to one or more component sugars. The method further comprises: providing the portable feedstock processing plants; distilling the fermented sugar water to produce a distillate; denaturing the ethanol; selling the ethanol produced at the ethanol producing plant; and dehydrating the distillate. The pretreatment comprises dilute-acid thermochemical treatment. Preferred Components: The feedstock comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, and/or lignocellulose is cornstover, cereal straws, sugarcane bagasse, sawdust and paper pulp, waste materials, switchgrass, animal feed, animal manure, paper and/or cardboard. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the active ingredient A and B is 1:60-40:1. The weight ratio of the cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen is 1:10-20:1. The weight ratio of the cyflumetofen and fenpyroximate is 1:10-20:1. The weight ratio of the cyflumetofen and bromopropylate is 1:30-10:1. The composition is prepared into wettable powder, water dispersing granule, suspending preparation, suspension emulsion, emulsion in water, microemulsion, microcapsule suspension emulsion, microcapsule suspending suspension emulsion. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) piling the mixed compost material to a tank body for 2 days to form static piling, performing aerobic fermentation for the static piling, where the number of tank body is 6-12, (ii) taking a high temperature pile with a temperature of 65-70 degrees C as a heating source, after aerobic fermentation for 3 days, introducing the hot gas generated by the heating source into the primary pile through an aeration pipe at the bottom of the pile by a draught fan, (iii) terminating heating, when the pile temperature of the heating source is reduced to 50 degrees C, and changing with another heating source pile for continuously supplying heat, when the primary pile reaches to 35 degrees C, terminating receiving heat supply, and continuing to ferment for 4 days to form compost sludge, (iv) taking 30-45% compost sludge as an initial material, and transferring the remaining rotten sludge into finished product warehouse, and (v) repeating the steps (i)-(iv). Preferred Components: The compost comprises (in %) urban sewage treatment plant sludge (40-80), rotten sludge (10-50) and conditioning agent (10-20). The conditioning agent is straw and/or sawdust. The index of the compost material is as follows: water content is 52-68%, carbon nitrogen ratio is 15-30, and the pH is 6.5-7.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step of adding the microorganism fermentation preservative with water-chestnut slag comprises dissolving and dispersing the microorganism fermentation preservative in warm water at 30-42 degrees C for 1-30 minutes, and diluting the microorganism fermentation preservative using water. Preferred Components: The main active ingredients comprise 20-40% of Lactobacillus plantarum, 20-40% of Bacillus subtilis and 20-40% of the yeast in a ratio of 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves applying steam (using microwave) to microalgae to rupture cell wall. The method applying steam (using microwave) to microalgae, and hence gasoline is changed to gas phase. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method, the concentrations of ethanol while heating and back flowing are 40%, 55%, 60%, 75% or 80% respectively. The step of sampling the cation exchange resin or 152-type resin on the percolating liquid takes place at 3 times of column volume/hours. The sinking step is carried out by ammonia solution (10%) or hydrochloric acid solution (5%). The sampling step comprises taking ammonia water-ethanol solution with a pH of 8-11 as eluting solution of the cation exchange resin, neutralizing the eluting solution till pH of 6-8 by hydrochloric acid, and taking the hydrochloric acid solution (5%) as eluting solution of 152-type macroreticular resin. The weighing step is carried out at 27 degrees C at humidity of 50% for longer than 24 hours. Preferred Components: The raw materials comprise 2 pbw of sinomenine hydrochloride, 2 pbw of sodium polyacrylate (NP700), 0.3 pbw of glycosides hydroxyl aluminum, 0.3 pbw of tartaric acid, 0.2 pbw of povidone K-30, 25 pbw of glycerol, 5 pbw of kaolin, 0.5 pbw of peppermint oil, and 60 pbw of distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cation exchange resin is 001x 2.5 or 001x 4-type resin, and a macroreticular resin is 152-type with diameter-to-height ratio of 1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminosilicate layer contains copper, nickel and/or iron. The aluminosiliacte precursor solution contains copper, nickel, iron and/or their salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The irradiation container is set on the scanning window of the electron accelerator at the distance of 200-400 mm. The nozzle is planar trapezoidal shaped. The front ends are wide and thin, and back end is narrow and thick. The nozzle is made of stainless steel material. The nozzle and the irradiation container are connected by screw thread or welding. The nozzle has a thickness of less than or equal to to the maximum penetrating power of the electron beam of the electron accelerator. The width of the outlet of the nozzle is less than or equal to to the scanning width of the electron accelerator. The speed of waste water spraying is controlled between 1.0-5.0 m/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing ultrasonic pre-processing after step (b) and before step (c), where the sound intensity is 2000-8000 W/m2, the ultrasonic frequency is 10-18 kHz and the ultrasonic reaction time is 2-30 minutes. The step (e) involves specifically, obtaining straw powder as conditioner, matching the straw powder in the sludge, where the C/N ratio of a fermentation reactor achieves 22:1-32:1 and the water content is 62-70 wt.%, adding the microorganism Bacillus agent, where the addition ratio is 1-1.5% of the total weight of the sludge, stirring the sludge, straw powder and microorganism agent uniformly, ventilating and fermenting the compost materials, and controlling at 41-68 degrees C within 5-7 days. The step (e) involves adding sludge compost fermenting oxygen scavenger which is mixture of the plant particles and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 1:1.4. The method further involves drying the compost materials after the earthworm composting, obtaining organic fertilizer particles with small particle size by mechanical grinding and sieving, and completing the organic fertilizer production by measuring and packaging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low-carbon alcohol is methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol; and the corresponding aliphatic ester is fatty acid methyl ester or fatty acid ethyl ester. The evaporator is a thin film evaporator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is normal butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material is straw, crop tuber, and/or crop husk. Preferred Method: The raw material is dried by a high speed drying machine or dried by a drying machine at 40-130 degrees C or naturally dried. The sulfur-fixing agent is obtained by drying and crushing natural sulfur-fixing agent soda lime or egg shell. The particle size of the sulfur-fixing agent is 50-150 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises taking complete sugarcane plant, squeezing the juice into the bioreactor to generate nano silicon dioxide, potassium fulvate and ethanol mixed liquid, separating the mixture by distillation, catalyzing the ethanol mixed solution by the catalytic converter, performing polycondensation, separating to obtain primary biological potassium fulvate and nano silicon dioxide, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lower part of the bio gas fermentation tank is cylindrical in shape, and the upper part is cone shaped, where the cone angle is 50-70 degrees . The feeding port is set at the bottom of the cylinder. The discharge port is set at the cone-shaped upper part of fermentation tank. The diameter of the discharging port is 200-500 mm. The discharge pipe inlet is connected with discharge pipe through elbow and the biogas fermentation tank discharging port. The diameter of the elbow and the diameter of the biogas fermentation discharge port are similar. The discharge pipe outlet is immersed in the liquid of water seal tank, where the immersion depth is determined according to the bio gas pressure provided. A washing pipe is set under the discharging port of the biogas fermentation tank, where the wash pipe nozzle is pointed upwards. The distance between washing pipe and the bio gas fermentation tank discharging port is 500-1500 mm. The biogas collection tube is connected to the upper part of the discharge tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxalic acid is present at 0.5 mole/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid mulching film further comprises a colorizing agent, fertilizers and farm chemicals, and herbicides. The colorizing agent is methyl red or thymolphthalein. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Decoloration process comprises carrying out with active carbon or chitosan; circulating eluent absorbed and separated by resin into decoloring column with polyamine weak-base ion-exchange resin; controlling flow speed to 1-3 bed volumes/hour, and concentrating loss liquid to density of 1.08-1.15 g/mL; controlling concentrating temperature to 80-95 degrees C; adding 1-10 % w/v of active carbon or chitosan into concentrated liquid, heating to 80-100?C, stirring and thermally insulating for 10-60 minutes, and filtering by plate frame to obtain concentrated liquid. Extraction process comprises extracting for 1-5 times, adding water or alcohol solution which is 10-50 times w/v of raw materials, and thermally insulating and extracting at 50-100 degrees C for 1-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The volume weight ratio of organic solvent to capecitabine crude product is 2-10:1, preferably 5-6:1. The volume ratio of water and organic solvent is 1-5:1. The organic solvent is water-insoluble organic solvent or organic solvent mixture containing water-insoluble organic solvent. The organic solvent is dichloromethane, trichloromethane, or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solution for dissolving ore further contains solvent having density of 1.254-1.280. The solvent contains potassium chloride (0.25% or less). The solution for dissolving mine has potassium dissolution ratio of 7079%, sodium chloride having sodium dissolution ratio of (-1.29)-12.03%, and magnesium dissolution ratio of (-55.42)-708.7%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The natural medicine mixture comprises Caesalpinia and fructus rubi. The natural medicine mixture comprises terminariae fructus, galla rhois, Caesalpinia, and fructus rubi in a ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.% with respect to 100 of composition): olibanum (5-10), gelatin (10-15), natural medicine mixture (10-20), zeolite (25-35), fiber (0.5-3), and distilled water (30-40). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The compound (I) is purified by column chromatography by using a mixed solution of ethyl acetate, isopropanol and water in a ratio of 16:2:1 as eluent. Preferred Components: The amount of pyrrolidine relative to o-amino benzaldehyde or substituted o-amino benzaldehyde is 25 mol.%. The reaction temperature is 60-120 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    Either R1-R4 = H; or    R2, R3 = H; and    R1, R4 = -OCH3; or    R1, R4 = H; and    R2, R3 = -OCH3; or    R2, R4 = -Br; and    R1, R3 = -H.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The carrier gas is chosen from helium, neon, argon, nitrogen and hydrogen. The chromatographic column is a stainless steel pipe having an internal diameter of 1-5 mm and length of 0.3-8 m, and filled with Porapak (RTM: porous polymer adsorbent), Chromosorb (RTM: porous polymer adsorbent), polymer beads GDX, molecular sieves and carbon molecular sieves, or a PLOT Q quartz capillary tube having an internal diameter of 0.25-0.53 mm and length of 30-60 m. The chromatographic column is connected in series with electron capture detector, methanator and hydrogen flame ionization detector in the gas chromatograph. The molecular sieve is chosen from molecular sieves 4A, 5A and 13X. The purifier is formed by serially connecting three containers, each having an internal diameter of 30-45 mm and length of 250-450 mm, and housing molecular sieves, allochroic silica gel and fillers for deoxygenation, dealkylation and oxycarbide removal. Two ends of the container housing allochroic silica gel are respectively connected with the container housing molecular sieves and the container housing fillers for deoxygenation, dealkylation and oxycarbide removal. The container housing molecular sieve is connected with the carrier gas. The volume ratio of filler for deoxygenation, filler for dealkylation and filler for oxycarbide removal, is 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixed coolant compression cooling system comprises a mixed coolant compressor, which is connected to the master heat exchanger via a mixed coolant pipeline. The pipeline for extracting the mixed coolant from the middle of the master heat exchanger is connected to the reboiler. The pipeline for discharging the mixed coolant from the reboiler is connected with the master heat exchanger and then extended outwards from a refrigerator via a reheating pipeline to connect to the mixed coolant compressor to form a circulation. The nitrogen compression cooling system comprises a nitrogen compressor. A nitrogen compression pipeline of nitrogen compressor is connected with the master heat exchanger. A cooled gas pipeline is connected to the condenser via a throttle valve. The nitrogen pipeline from the condenser is connected with a nitrogen compressor to perform circulation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises (in wt.%) copper (5-10), cobalt (15-20) and silica (balance amount).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of nickel oxide of the active component is 10-30% of the whole weight of the catalyst. The specific surface area of the mesoporous gamma -alumina is 200-400 m2/g, where the pore volume is 0.2-0.9 cm3/g and the pore diameter is 2-15 nm. The content of cerium oxide is 1-20% of the weight of alumina. The amount of auxiliary materials is 0.1-15% of the total weight of the catalyst. The auxiliary material is transition metal e.g. iridium, lanthanum, copper and iron and/or oxides of alkaline earth metal e.g. magnesium and calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises soaking the carrier of the catalyst for 0.5-12 hours in an aqueous solution of copper, iron and metal nitrates, acetates, oxalates or citrates, or mixing with aqueous solution containing less than 30% of alcohol, acetone or glycol or the above materials, drying, ascending the temperature to 300-500 degrees C at a rate of 1-10 degrees C/minute, heating for 3-12 hours and cooling to room temperature. Preferred Components: The carrier of the catalyst is the mixture of silica and alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of high carbon alcohol is performed at a pressure of 1-15 MPa at 150-400 degrees C, where the air speed is 500-14000 per hour and ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is 0.5:3. Preferred Definitions:    M = Cr, Zr, Zn, Co, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Rb, Cs, Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ba or Ce.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The borohydride is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or calcium borohydride. The anhydrous aluminum halide salt is halide of aluminum, aluminum sulfate or aluminum carbonate. Preferred Method: The contact reaction temperature of the aluminum borohydride gas and the and aluminum borohydride-hexa ammonia is 30-60 degrees C. In the ball-milling treatment, the ball material weight ratio is 5:1-10:1, the rotation speed is 100-400 revolutions/minute, and the ball-milling time is 1-5 hours. Compounding I and lithium borohydride composite system by ball-milling I with lithium borohydride, and the ball-milling time is 1-12 hours. The waterless oxygen-free atmosphere is vacuum or inert atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The production of natural gas by magnetized hematite and coke oven gas comprises: (i) grinding the hematite of particle size less than or equal to 2 mm and adding to a mixing reactor, (ii) heating the hematite powder in the reactor at 350-650 degrees C, passing the coke-oven gas, allowing to react for 30-240 minutes to replace the non-weak magnetic iron oxide in the hematite powder into magnetite with strong magnetic properties, (iii) magnetizing the coke-oven gas and reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen to generate carbon dioxide and water, washing with an alkaline solution and drying to obtain the natural gas, and (iv) pulping directly or wet grinding the pulp with the magnetized hematite powder, passing to a magnetic separator for sorting the non-weak magnetic mineral tailings, dehydrating the magnetic mineral to obtain the concentrated ferrous ore. The process of washing comprises bubbling the exhaust gas through sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (15%) and removing carbon dioxide. Preferred Components: The iron content in the hematite is 25-55%. The drying process utilizes calcium chloride as a drying agent for dehydration. The density of the concentrated ferrous ore is more than 60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises (in vol.%): either a mixture of ethanol (5), isopropanol (10), tertiary butanol (10), benzene (5), dimethylbenzene (1), ethylbenzene (5), petroleum ether (10), hydrogen peroxide (1), 3-ethyl-methylbenzene (10), isobutyl alcohol (10), diethyl ether (1), isoamyl alcohol (2) and 120# solvent oil (30); a mixture of ethanol (10), isopropanol (5), tertiary butanol (5), benzene (10), dimethylbenzene (5), ethylbenzene (10), petroleum ether (5), hydrogen peroxide (5), 3-ethyl-methylbenzene (5), isobutyl alcohol (5), diethyl ether (5), isoamyl alcohol (5) and 120# solvent oil (25); or a mixture of ethanol (7), isopropanol (12), tertiary butanol (7), benzene (7), dimethylbenzene (3), ethylbenzene (7), petroleum ether (7), hydrogen peroxide (3), 3-ethyl-methylbenzene (7), isobutyl alcohol (7), diethyl ether (3), isoamyl alcohol (3) and 120# solvent oil (27).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support material is made of alpha-alumina, stainless steel or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The support material is made of glass or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Trees: The trees are chosen from bamboo, Japanese cedar, and Japanese cypress.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Aspergillus includes A.oryzae (NBRC 30104), A.oryzae (NBRC 30113), A.cellulosae (NBRC 4040), A.cellulosae (IFO 4297), A.usami (NBRC 4033) or A.awamori (NBRC 4388). The yeast is chosen from bread yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NBRC 0244), S.cerevisiae (NBRC 0249), S.cerevisiae (NBRC 0282), S.cerevisiae (NBRC 2373), S.cerevisiae (NBRC 2377) and S.cerevisiae (IFO1728). Preferred Method: The method involves immersing the trees in the mother cell lyases containing spores produced by cytolysis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The filter (115) is a dual filter comprising two filtering portions. The heating mechanism is a heat exchanger, a boiler (14) which supplies steam to both the heat exchanger and the storage tank. The filter (115), the heating mechanism, the centrifuge mechanism and filter (150) are housed within a defined area. The defined area is a standard shipping container. The device further comprises an initial processing unit, pump, a pressure valve and a temperature valve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The recycled cooking oil contains liquid contaminates (1% or less) and solid contaminates (1% or less) or pure vegetable oil (1% or less). The solid contaminates removed from filter (125) has size of 0.05 inch or more from the used cooking oil. The filter (150) is configured to remove solid contaminate having size of 0.005 inch or more from the used cooking oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Energy-beam is irradiated on solid electrolytic membrane to form 2nd solid electrolytic precursor membrane, and 2nd solid electrolytic membrane is formed by crystallizing 2nd solid electrolytic precursor membrane with rapid temperature rising heat processing. Preferred Components: Solid electrolytic membrane contains greater than or equal to 1 1st solid electrolytic membrane and greater than or equal to 1 2nd solid electrolytic membrane. Solid electrolytic membrane contains 1st solid electrolytic membrane provided on both surfaces of 2nd solid electrolytic membrane. Alkaline-earth metal is barium (Ba) and/or strontium (Sr). Trivalent rare earth elements are ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), yttrium (Y), dysprosium (Dy), gadolinium (Gd), samarium (Sm), and/or neodymium (Nd). Hydrogen permeability metal film is palladium-type metal film. Preferred Conditions: Rapid temperature increase rate is 50-200 degrees C/minute (800-900 degrees C/minute).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ion: The metal ion is zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic ligand is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane. The metal complex has a structure in which climbing frame structures are mutually penetrated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biomass particles are ground to a diameter of 0.001-1 inch. The method further comprises dispensing the ground biomass particles into thin sheets whose total thickness is a multiple of the ground biomass particle diameter before subjecting the ground biomass particles to sequential or concurrent ramps of temperature and pressure shocks, where the multiple is any real number of 1-30. The biomass feedstock is used to produce different BMF chars based on a composition of the biomass feedstock. The pressure shocks vary in magnitude of 0.2 MPa to 10 GPa, where a mixture of pressure shocks of differing magnitudes is combined with pressure shocks applied over a range of times. The temperature ramp includes a sufficiently high temperature to create a nonvolatile carbonaceous material within the ground biomass particles. The temperature ramps and pressure shocks are conducted in an atmosphere containing a supercritical fluid. In the method: a pH of the BMF char is controlled via pH adjustment agents; and a pH of the soil is modified to accept the addition of BMF char. The surface of the BMF char is rendered hydrophilic by: removing adsorbed gas within char pores; or high temperature removal of adsorbed hydrocarbons. Preferred Components: The BMF char is activated, and contains glomalin structures. The microorganisms include members of at least one of fungi, bacteria or archaea. The fungi include at least one member of the phyla Glomeromycota. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biomass feedstock is used to produce different BMF chars based on a composition of the biomass feedstock. The pressure shocks vary in magnitude of 0.2 megapascal to 10 gigapascal, where a mixture of pressure shock of differing magnitudes are combined with pressure shocks applied over a range of times. The temperature ramp includes a sufficiently high temperature to create a non-volatile carbonaceous material within the ground biomass particles. The pressure shocks increase thermal conductivity of the non-volatile carbonaceous material within the ground biomass particles. The temperature ramps and pressure shocks are conducted in an atmosphere containing a supercritical fluid. In the method: a pH of the BMF char is controlled via pH adjustment agents; a pH of the soil is modified to accept the addition of BMF char; microorganisms include members of at least one of fungi, bacteria or archaea; and fungi are members of the phyla Glomeromycota. Preferred Components: The multiple is any real number of 1-30. The pressure shocks decrease the density of the ground biomass particles. The BMF char is activated. The BMF char contains glomalin structures. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium ion solution is a solution of palladium dichloride, palladium sulfate, palladium nitrate or other solution containing palladium ion or palladium complex ion. The aqueous solution containing the reducing agent is an alkaline solution sodium borohydride or hydrazine solution. The concentration of the alkaline solution of sodium borohydride is 0.1-1 mol/l. The volume ratio of hydrazine solution is 5-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the conditioning agent is saw dust, straw stalks or straw. In the step (ii), the water content of the dehydrated sludge is 70-80%. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the conditioning agent (70 g) is soaked in the acidifying liquid (1 l). In the step (i), the drying method is natural drying or drying by using a drying device at 50-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the step (e), the bromination is carried out with bromine in acetic acid in diethyl ether. In the step (i), oxidation reaction is carried out by acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid/sodium bromate, sulfuric acid/sodium nitrate or ruthenium trichloride/acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide. In the step (j), epoxidation reaction is carried out by sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide. In the step (k), hydrolysis is carried out by sulfuric acid. (IV) is obtained in trans configuration. (V) is obtained in a diastereomeric mixture. Preferred Components: The Lewis acid used is titanium tetrachloride. The dehydrating agent is Bronsted acids comprising p-toluene sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid or triflic acid. In the step (b), the organic solvent is dichloromethane, toluene or benzene. In the step (d) and (h), the solvent used for selective crystallization is cyclohexane. In the step (f), the solvent used for selective crystallization is methanol. In the step (g), strong base used is potassium tert-butoxide, sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide. ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Respiratory-Gen; Antimalarial; Protozoacide; Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Mitochondrial electron transport in cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitor.    EXAMPLE - To 1a-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl)naphtha(2,3-b)oxirene-2,7(1aH,7aH)-dione (13.5 g) taken in a reactor was added concentrated sulfuric acid (135 ml) and stirred for 5 hours. Water (2 l) was added to the reaction mass and extracted with dichloromethane (3x 200 ml). Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product, which was further recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain pure atovaquone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cup body is made of plastic. ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fermentation workshop is divided into a primary aerobic fermentation workshop and a secondary aerobic fermentation workshop which are connected and located in the same horizontal plane. The decomposition workshop is connected with the secondary aerobic fermentation workshop. The primary and secondary aerobic fermentation workshops are provided with workshops having length of 60-80 m, width of 25-30 and height of 4-6 m. The decomposition workshop comprises a primary decomposition workshop and a secondary decomposition workshop. The bottom of the primary decomposition workshop is a slope with gap of 9 m. The secondary decomposition workshop is connected with the primary decomposition workshop and the bottom is the slope with gap of 7 m. The primary decomposition workshop is connected with the secondary aerobic fermentation workshop, and the secondary decomposition workshop is connected with the production packing workshop. The turning machine is a plate milling and turning machine. The organic fertilizer is screened by a screen of 10-20 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adjuvant comprises a mixture of rice bran, sawdust and straws, or a mixture of rice husks, sawdust and straws. The livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure, pig manure and/or cow dung.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer comprises (in part by wt.) weathered coal (50), wheat bran (7), cottonseed cake (7), straw (25), urea (1.5), water (55), Bacillus fermentation liquor (11), iron source (0.01-0.02), zinc source (0.01-0.02), boron source (0.05-0.1) and calcium source (0.1-0.2). The bacterial content of the Bacillus fermentation liquor is 5-10x 108 cfu/ml. The granularity of the weathered coal is 60-80 meshes. The length of the straw is 2-3 mm. Preferred Method: The Bacillus fermentation liquor is prepared by inoculating Bacillus into a seed tank for 12-24 hours, fermenting, transferring to a fermentation tank for 24-48 hours, and culturing to obtain Bacillus fermentation liquor. The fermentation is processed at 28-30 degrees C for 15-20 days. The method further comprises grinding or granulating after drying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron source is ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate. The zinc source is zinc sulfate. The boron source is sodium borate or borax, and the calcium source is calcium nitrate or calcium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The mixed culture matrix comprises 3 vol.% of garden soil, 2 vol.% of river sand or sandy soil, 1 vol.% of coconut residuum or decomposed sawdust, 1 vol.% of decomposed cow dung, 1 vol.% of pond silt, 1 vol.% of combusted soil and 3 vol.% of carbendazim or chlorothalonil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The enzyme active soybean powder preferably adopts the following craft to prepare in the step (b) by pre-heating the clean soybean at 40 degrees C unit the water content is 5-10%, and then crushing and peeling, grinding to powder, sieving to obtain a 100-mesh fine powder for future use, using the soy flour to prepare the alkaline modifying enzyme, using pH regulator 0.5 M sodium hydroxide to regulate the pH of distilled water to be 8.0-8.5, adding 30% hydrogen peroxide, and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution that contains hydrogen peroxide with mass content of 0.06%, heating the sodium hydroxide solution to 30-35 degrees C, dispersing the soybean powder in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 1:10, using terahertz with frequency 40-50 K ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes, then centrifuging for 15 minutes at 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm), taking the supernatant, adding 0.2 M/l borate buffer solution with pH of 9.0 to dissolve precipitate, filtering to obtain the soybean protein modified alkaline enzyme liquid after insoluble substance and storing for further use in a refrigerator of 4 degrees C by a drying cylinder, where the mass ratio of soybean protein modified alkaline enzyme liquid and soybean powder is 1:10, spraying the soybean protein modified alkaline enzyme solution on the soybean powder, drying slowly at 30-35 degrees C such that the water content is less than 5%, and obtaining enzyme active soybean powder. The borate buffer solution is prepared by taking boric acid dissolved in the water, and then using 40% sodium hydroxide solution to regulate pH to be 9.0, and to obtain the borate buffer solution with solution concentration of 0.2 M/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline reagent is sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The alkaline reagent is present at 0.05-0.15 g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed sludge water is present at 85-95%. The volatile organic solid and total solid are present at 20-45%. Preferred Method: The prehydrolysis step includes adding alkaline reagent in the sludge under the alkali condition for 12-24 hours and front anaerobic digestion, and adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 7.5 plus minus 0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (b), the moisture content in the kitchen waste is 70-80%, and without dehydrating the kitchen waste, the grease is removed, recycled and comprehensively utilized. In the saccharification stage, the pH of the kitchen waste is weakly acidic. The lactic acid fermentation process uses bipolar membrane electrodialysis coupling fermentation process. Preferred Components: The enzyme preparation is glucoamylase including multi-enzyme preparation. The multi-enzyme preparation is lipase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The parameter is adjusted by using nitrogen or adding ammonia-nitrogen removing agent by chemical precipitation method or concrete method for removing zinc ion and copper ion, and method further involves reducing the pH to acid and alkali using biochemical treatment method for reducing BOD and COD content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mixed dibasic acid is the industrial waste of adipic acid production. The waste copper wire is the secondary recycled waste copper wire. The aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide are of industrial grade. Preferred Method: The method comprises recycling the reaction liquid without generating the industrial waste. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Animal waste or plant material is bagasse, pig slurry, chicken manure and cattle dung. Animal and vegetable wastes are organic wastes. The waste mixture comprises cane bagasse plant (15-35%), swine manure (15-35%), fresh chicken manure (5-20%) and fresh cattle dung (5-20%). Acetic acid, lactic acid, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate are utilized to adjust pH. Leguminous plants are soybean, pigeon pea, bean, crotalaria and other grasses (maize, sorghum, oats and cruciferous vegetables (turnip and rape-seed)). Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are generated in waste inertization process. Milk, granulated sugar and water are utilized in inertization process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The algae is common algae and microalgae, comprising enteromorpha, ulva, gulfweed, chlorella, chlorella grape, microcystis aeruginosa, spiral seaweed, salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alkyl alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 2-butanol and mixture of the compounds. The fatty acid comprises acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and lower fatty acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and higher fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Granular material has average particle diameter of 3-10 mm. Granular material has solid density of 0.8-1.5g/ml and packing density of greater than or equal to 0.6 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1): the step of mixing is performed for a time sufficient to elute a majority of the free monosaccharides into the recycled hydrolyzate, where greater than or equal to 90% of the free monosaccharides are eluted into the recycled hydrolyzate; and the step of separating is performed by pressing. The processes (P1) and (P2) further comprise pretreating the biomass after the separating step to produce hydrolyzate and a biomass residue. The process (P1) further comprises separating hydrolyzate from the biomass residue, where the separated hydrolyzate is used as the recycled hydrolyzate in the mixing step for a new batch of biomass that contains free monosaccharides. The monosaccharides or the free sugars are fermented using an immobilized microbe. The process (P2) further comprises separating the biomass residue from the hydrolyzate; and creating a high value product from the biomass residue. The process (P3) further comprises: pretreating the biomass to produce a mixture of hydrolyzate and biomass residue; separating hydrolyzate from the mixture; and producing a high value product from the biomass residue. Preferred Components: The liquid solution is hydrolyzate. The separated hydrolyzate is used as the liquid solution in the mixing step for a new batch of biomass that includes free sugars. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonwoven substrate comprises a spunbonded polyolefin, which is polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method enables using a solvent selected from a group of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isobutanol, n-butanol, formaldehyde and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron conductor is a noble metal or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: the ion-exchange resin is a cation-exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The apparatus has reactor which carries out reaction process in subcritical or supercritical condition, discharge pipe which discharges to-be-processed object from the reactor, and cooling device provided in the middle of the discharge pipe which inject cooling medium directly in the discharge pipe. Cooling medium is water. Preferred Conditions: Subcritical water processing is performed at 180-260 degrees C (200 degrees C) and 2-5 (3) MPa for 1-3 (2) minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The facility comprises waste product of organic substance such as food waste or its processed product as a nitrogen source for producing lipopeptide. The facility comprises electricity and heat energy cogeneration facility which produces electricity and heat energy from woody biomass, where the facility is provided in a place contiguous to the circulating-type biopesticide production facility, which use woody biomass as a raw material, and common utilization of raw material and effective usage of a heat energy are enabled between the facilities. The facility further comprises chemical substance production facility which produces chemical substances such as ethanol, where the effective usage of heat energy is enabled between the facilities, and the chemical substance production facility uses the residue generated by the production process of the circulating-type biopesticide production facility as a raw material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The water is natural water or underground water in which microorganisms can live. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent further comprises a salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction occurs at 25 degrees C.Preferred Components: The ketone starting material comprises acetone and/or dihydroxyacetone. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Preparation of 4 compounds i.e. (E)-4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one (I'), (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one, 3,4-dihydroxy-4-(5-(hydroxy-methyl)furan-2-yl)butan-2-one, 1,3,4-trihydroxy-4-(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)butan-2-one, is disclosed as the 8-15C hydrocarbon.    EXAMPLE - The reactions were performed in water without adjustment of pH. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (HMF) (0.631 g) was charged in a flask, water (4 ml) was added. Acetone (0.290 g) was then added. The mixture was then stirred while piperidine (5 mol.%) was added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was kept closed with a plastic cap and stirred for 20 hours. The mixture was dried. The residue was loaded on silica gel and eluted with 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide mono-HMF adduct (0.191 g, yield 23%) as a light yellow solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The growing bed is arranged as multi-layers. The growing bed is inclinedly formed such that the supplied effluent flows. The growing bed comprises several protruding units which are protruded to the surface to control the flow of the effluent. The growing bed comprises transparent material light. The effluent feeding portion comprises effluent supply tank for storing the effluent, pump for supplying the nutrient solution within the effluent supply tank, and wastewater supply pipe for supplying the effluent to the growing bed from the effluent supply tank. The effluent feeding portion comprises micro-bubble production unit which generates the microbubble in the effluent such that air is supplied to the growing bed. The optical source comprises the LED light source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer is prepared by comprises taking poultry excrement and straw as a raw material at room temperature, taking water as a leaching agent, leaching the raw material with water for 2 times in an interval of 72 hours under anaerobic condition, and adding potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, urea, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and sodium borate with the leached raw material. ACTIVITY - ACTIVITY -Fertilizer; Endocrine-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The control unit further comprises at least one reactor, heating coil at bottom surface of the continuous stirred tank for maintaining internal temperature of the reactor, liquid fertilizer production tank and precipitate storage tank. The control unit ejects compressed gas from the storage tank. The control unit controls compressor and flow of compressed gas in each of the reactor through gas-injection nozzle, and monitors the fermentation of the organic waste in each of the reactors, and transferability status of the organic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fungicide is Dr Farmer~s organic material rotten agent, public organic material rotten agent and/or Hang Lung HM (straw only) rotten agents. The oil cake is cypress oil or rapeseed oil. The straw is crop straw. The crop straw is corn, paddy, wheat, cole, tobacco and/or chilli straw. The manure area is relief flat cultivated land, village cement, flue-cured tobacco baking workshop or grow seedlings workshop. The shape after the accumulation is trapezoid windrow with a bottom edge width of 2 m, upside width of 1.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.5 m. The length of the pile article is arranged to a manure area site size. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The sludge compost comprises (pts.wt.) sludge (4), plant ash (1), straw powder (0.2), mushroom slag (1), chicken manure (1), and leavening agent (1). The sludge has water content of 55-65% after dehydration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fermenting step is performed at 80-120 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biomass oil hydrogenation refining process in step is preferably a two-stage process in which the first stage is carried out at 1-10 MPa and 160-240 degrees C, and the second stage at 1-10 MPa and 200-500 degrees C. In step (B), the temperature-programmed carbidization process is carried out by heating the reactants from room temperature to 350 degrees C at a rate of 8-12 degrees C/minute, heating to 500 degrees C at a rate of 0.5-1 degrees C/minute, heating to 700 degrees C at a rate of 0.5-1.5 degrees C/minute, and then keeping the temperature constant while reacting for 1-4 hours. The obtained active transition metal carbide catalyst maybe further passivated with 1 % oxygen/argon (O2/Ar) mixed gas for 12 hours to obtain a passivated catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal carbide catalyst (I) preferably comprises (wt.%) (a) active component consisting of molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W) (20-50, calculated as metal oxide); (b) additive consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) or copper (Cu) (0-10, calculated as metal oxide); and (c) carrier consisting of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), activated carbon, diatomite, molecular sieve or -c-aluminum oxide (-c-Al2O3) (balance).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, the mol ratio of the grease to short chain alcohol is 4-8:1. The using amount of lipase is 20-200 U/g grease, and the using amount of phospholipase is 0.2-20 U/g grease. The mass percentage of phosphatide in the grease containing phospholipid is 0.01-10%. The water with 2-20% of the mass of grease is contained in the enzyme catalytic reaction system, the reaction condition is 35-50 degrees C, and stirring for 4-12 hours. The phospholipase is selected from phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C. The lipase is produced by Candida antarctica, Rhizomucor miehe, Aspergillus oryzae, Thermomyces lanuginosus, and their combination. The short chain alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and amyl alcohol; the adding way of the short chain alcohol is adding by multiple steps or adding continuously. The grease is plant oil containing phospholipid, animal greases, microbial greases or various wasted greases. The plant oil containing phospholipid is selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm oil fatty acid, wen crown fruit oil, and small paulownia seed oil; the animal grease containing phospholipid is selected from fish oil, lard oil and butter; the microbial grease containing phospholipid is selected from yeast, mold, and algae oil; and the various wasted greases containing phospholipid are selected from acid oil, trench oil, ShaoShui oil, frying oil or scraps grease produced in the process of refining grease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Mixture A comprises a saturated water solution of sodium bicarbonate. Mixture B is methylene chloride solution containing 6-chlorohexanol and TEMPO. The dosage of TEMPO is 0.2-0.8 (preferably 0.3-0.6) mol.%, and the dosage of TCCA is 0.4-1.5 (preferably 0.75-1) mol.%. The dosage of 6-chlorohexanol is more than 10g. Preferred Method: Mixing is carried out at less than or equal to 35 degrees C by dropping mixture A at 10-20 mL/minute, and dropping mixture B at 3-8 mL/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Agent: The cleaning agent further comprises main agent comprising (in wt.%): surface active agent (0.1- 40), degrading oil (0.1-30), adjuvant (0.1-20), and water (remainder). Preferred Components: The microbe is Bacillus strain or mixture of several yeasts, particularly WB1 or WB2 Bacillus. The surfactant is rhamnolipid, glycolipid, lipopeptid, lipoprotein, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol-polyoxypropylene ether, alkyl polyglucoside, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl ether carboxylate, sorbitol anhydride, oleic acid ester, Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene sorbitol anhydride, sodium metasilicate salt, modified silicic acid sodium salt, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl phosphate or their mixture. The adjuvant is corn steep liquor, yeast powder, silicate, silicate, ethanol, amino acid, amino glycoside, polyethylene glycol, glycol ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether or mixture of propylene glycol n-butyl ether. The yeast is Saccharomyces sp. MTH-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The oil-containing raw material is chosen from algae powder, animal fat, vegetable oil chosen from xanthoceras sorbifolia, Jatropha seed, cottonseed, soybean, peanut, rapeseed and corn embryo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The low carbon alcohol is chosen from straight chain or branched alcohol having 1-10 carbon atoms. The solvent amidine or guanidine is 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0) undecene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene (DBN), 1,5,7-triazabicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene (TBD) and 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene (MTBD).
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The synthesis gas comprises hydrogen to carbon in the ratio of 2.67. The molar percentage concentration of carbon dioxide in synthesis gas is 20%. The molar percentage concentration of carbon monoxide in synthesis gas is 6-18%, preferably 10%. The catalyst for the synthesis reaction comprises copper oxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide. Preferred Method: The temperature for synthesis reaction is 200-280 degrees C, preferably 250 degrees C, the proper pressure is 4.5-8.5 MPa, preferably 8 MPa, and the gas phase airspeed is 5000-12000/hour 10000/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic matter in absorption hole in filtering and absorption process volatilized at high temperature to decompose forming the mixed gas composed of methane, ethane, ethylene, tar steam, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing a precursor powder comprising poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluroethylene), polyethylene, detritus and carbon particle, to form a pore.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of particularly circulated hydrogenated product and fresh liquefied petroleum gas is 2:1-3:1. The noble metal hydrogenation refined catalyst is aluminum oxide as carrier and palladium and/or platinum as active component; and content of active component in catalyst is 0.2-6 wt.%. Preferred Processes: The inlet temperature of reactor is 80-120 degrees C. The reaction pressure is 2.5-16.5 (preferably 3.6-6) MPa; the volume air speed of the fresh liquefied petroleum gas is 0.4-25 (preferably 1-5)/hour; and the volume ratio between the hydrogen and the oil is 200:1-1500:1 (preferably 300:1-600:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The tower vessel is cylindrical with diameter of 0.5-20 m and height of 2-25 m. The three-phase separator has diameter of 0.5-3 m and height of 0.5-4 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric material comprises alumina, polytetrafluoroethylene, glass reinforced epoxy laminate sheets, polyimide, and/or poly methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Torrefaction of biomass and combustion of generated gases further comprises determining the moisture content of the biomass between step (a) and step (b). The moisture content is determined by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The determined moisture content is compared to a reference value and a degree of heating in step (a) is adjusted based on the comparison. The biomass obtained from step (a) has moisture content of 3-12% (w/w), such as 4-11% (w/w), such as 4-10%, such as 4-9% (w/w), such as 4-8% (w/w), such as 5-8% (w/w). The theoretic flame temperature in step (d) is at least 1500 degrees C. Step (d) comprises measuring a combustion temperature, comparing the combustion temperature to a first reference value and, if the combustion temperature is lower than the first reference value, increasing the degree of drying in step (a) or the degree of torrefaction in step (c). Step (d) comprises: measuring a combustion temperature, comparing the combustion temperature to a second reference value and, if the combustion temperature is higher than the second reference value, decreasing the degree of drying in step (a) or the degree of torrefaction in step (c). The biomass is wood chips. Preferred System: In the system, a NIR camera is arranged at the dried biomass outlet of the first zone. A temperature sensor is arranged at the combustion chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nano-filtered permeate stream is dewatered by reverse osmosis to create a reverse osmosis permeate comprised of water and reverse osmosis retentate comprised of water and acetic acid. The reverse osmosis permeate is further used in a hydrolysis process or reused in the pretreatment process. The acetic acid of the reverse osmosis retentate is further used in a hydrolysis process. The lignocellulosic biomass feed stream has not been steam exploded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves performing heat exchange process with combustion heat and air which generate at the combustion step to obtain hot air, contacting hot air with organic waste of high water content, and drying the organic waste. The method further involves evaporating water content. Preferred System: The system comprises heat exchanger which obtains heating air by heat exchange with the combustion heat and air. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The regeneration gas contains 95 mol.% of nitrogen. The purge gas contains methane, carbon monoxide and/or ethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The porous ceramic comprises aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of perovskite type oxide particles is 10-90 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of composite particles. The core of composite particles comprise silver. The composite material is prepared in paste form using dispersion medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lean gas separation device comprises at least one electrically driven compressor stage and at least one membrane separation stage, where the compressor stage compresses the inflowing gas and the membrane separation stage separates the compressed lean gas into exhaust gas and heating gas. The membrane separation stage comprises a polyimide membrane. The lean gas source is a fermenter, which delivers a methane-containing lean gas (biogas). The lean gas power generation device is a cogeneration plant, which burns the lean gas to obtain the thermal energy, which is partially converted in to mechanical energy and the mechanical energy is partially converted into power, where waste heat in the cogeneration plant is used for heating. The lean gas plant comprises means for feeding the waste heat in a heating system. Preferred Method: The method comprises treatment the lean gas, which is compressed with an electrically driven compressor and the compressed lean gas is separated into fuel gas and exhaust gas in the membrane separation stage. The method includes use of a polyimide membrane within the membrane separation stage. The method includes use of waste heat for heating, during converting into power. The method includes supply of waste heat into the heating system for converting into power.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of bamboo is 5-30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polynuclear manganese cluster compound is of formula: MnxMyRz, Mn12O12(O2CR)16.(H20)4, Mn84O72(R)24.(H2O)42, Mn13Ca2O10(R)18(H2O)4, Mn14SrO(R)18(H2O)4, Mn3Ca2O4(R)8(H2O)a, Mn6CeO9(R)9(H2O0)a or Mn2CeO3(R)2(H2O)a.The polynuclear manganese cluster compound includes 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, and 14, to 84 manganese atoms.R = oxygen-containing ligand, preferably O2CC6H3(OH)2, O2CC3H6O or O2CC2H4O;M = Ca, Sr or Ce;a = 1-6;x = 2-84;y = 0-2; andz = 8-24.Preferred Process: The polynuclear manganese cluster compound is dissolved in an aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboxylate group is of formula: O2CC6H3(OH)q, O2CC3H6O and O2CC2H4O.The alcohol group is of formula: X(X')(X")-C-OH.The alkoxide group is of formula: X(X')(X")-C-O-.The ether group is of formula: (X-O-X')n.q = 2-5;X, X', X" = alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted); andn = 1 or more, or 1-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sludge is dried sludge (5) obtained by spin-drying (2) dehydrated sludge (3), and then adding activated carbon and further spin-drying product. The activated carbon is granular active carbon used for purifying natural water of tap water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mass ratio of dehydrated sludge to cassava wine lees mixture is 5:1-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Composition: The ratio of dried tree branches or leaves, dried rice straws, dried flesh or outer skin, vegetables, flower, corn husks, and dried medical herbs is 35-50:30-60:1-5:1-5:1-5:1-5:1-5. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Rhodococcus is R.opacus. Preferred Method: The method involves pulverizing organic waste using pulverizing device, reducing quantity of water in the pulverized product, adding organic solvent to the product to separate fat and oils, and storing the separated fats and oils. The Rhodococcus is cultured at 25-35 degrees C under stirring condition at a speed of 100-300 revolutions/minute (rpm) for 1-3 days. The method involves reacting the lipid with methanol and sulfuric acid, processing the product with chloroform, heat-treating the product, cooling the product and filtering the product to obtain the biodiesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The organic waste is food waste, livestock waste or sludge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lipid in the cultured product is triacylglycerol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is aquatic biomass, agricultural waste decoction dregs and/or forestry production waste. The waste plastic is polypropylene, high density poly ethylene, low density poly ethylene and/or PVC. The fuel oil preparation method utilizes catalyst that is chosen from fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, mesoporous silicates, mesoporous aluminosilicates, Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves and/or zinc, manganese and iron modified molecular sieve. The different fraction of fuel oil is petrol, diesel oil and heavy diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The methanol gasoline comprises (pts.wt.) methanol (40-50, preferably 45), benzene (30-40, preferably 35), dimethyl ether (3-6, preferably 5), dimethylbenzene (2-4, preferably 3) and petroleum ether (3-6, preferably 3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reflux ratio of the refluxed sludge is 5-10%. The moisture content of the mixed sludge is 88-98%. The fed or discharged materials mean that the daily feeding amount is equal to the daily discharging amount and is equal to the total amount of the fermented sludge divided by the sludge retention time. The sludge retention time in the anaerobic digestion is 20-30 days. The hot alkaline combined circulating refluxed sludge treatment involves performing alkaline hydrolysis, regulating pre-treatment, performing pre-treatment by heating, and feeding hydrochloric acid to regulate the pH to 7.5 plus minus 0.5 before performing anaerobic digestion. The alkaline hydrolysis regulating pre-treatment is performed using an alkaline reagent. The alkaline reagent is sodium hydroxide, quick lime or calcium hydroxide. Alkaline reagent (0.05-0.15 g) is added to volatile organic solid (1 g). The pre-treatment is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 10-60 minutes. The temperature of the anaerobic digestion is 35 plus minus 2 degrees C or 55 plus minus 2 degrees C, the pH is regulated to 7.5 plus minus 0.5, and the stirring speed is 30-250 revolutions per minute (rpm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The biological oil removing agent comprises 25-38 (preferably 35) wt.% of Bacillus subtilis, 22-30 (preferably 25) wt.% of Bacillus polymyxa, 12-13 (preferably 20) wt.% of Aspergillus niger and 12-13 (preferably 20) wt.% of Nocardia. The biological oil removing agent further comprises 0.5-2% of protease, 1-3% of lipase, 1-2% of cellulose and micro amount of nutrient element. Preferred Components: The Nocardia is a druze Nocardia. The number of bacteria in the microbe fermentation liquid is greater than 0.2 billion/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrient element comprises 0.2% of L-aspartate, 0.5% of natrium aceticum, 0.5% of peptone, 0.05% of sodium chloride and 0.05% of dipotassium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The T.viride M20 strain is isolated from oil accumulated under Shanxi straw soil. Preferred Method: The T.viride M20 strain is Deuteromycota (Hyphomycetes). The method involves extracting genomic DNA of T.viride M20 strain, amplifying the genomic DNA using primer comprising forward primer comprising base sequence of ITS1: 5'-tccgtaggtgaacctgcgg-3', and reverse primer comprising base sequence of ITS4: 5'-cctccgcttattgatatgc-3', and comparing sequence having high similarity with T.viride. The T.viride M20 strain has internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence comprising a 585 or 585 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NOs: not defined) given in the specification. The method involves preparing reducing sugar by hydrolyzing fallen leaves and lawn grass using M20 strain, where the process involves preparing the seeds of the M20 strain, fermenting cellulose enzyme liquid, pre-treating or hydrolyzing fallen leaves and lawn grass, and obtaining reducing sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali comprises sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium biphosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, and/or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst containing palladium comprises tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride, or palladium source, and tertphosphine ligand. The palladium source comprises palladium chloride, palladium acetate, tris(2-benzylidene acetone) palladium, bis(benzylidene acetone) palladium, palladium acetylacetonate, allyl palladium chloride, bis (acetonitrile) palladium dichloride, or bis (benzonitrile) palladium chloride. The tertphosphine ligand comprising triphenylphosphine, tricyclohexyl phosphine, tritertbutylphosphine, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) butane, or bis(diphenylphosphine)-1,1'-binaphthyl. The molar ratio of the palladium source to the tertphosphine ligand is 1:1-1:4. The solvent comprises benzene, toluene, o-xylene, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, carbinol, tertbutyl alcohol, isopropanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, methyl tertbutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetylamide, and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. The molar volume ratio of the solvent to (II) is 1-10:1. The molar volume ratio of the solvent to (III) is 1-20:1. The alkali comprises sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropyl ethyl amine, hexamethylenetetramine, and/or N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine. The molar ratio of the (III) to the alkali is 1:1-1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Scutellaria plant is Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria amoena, Scutellaria rehderiana, Scutellaria viscidula, Scutellaria indica, Scutellaria hypericifolia, Scutellaria bartata, Scutellaria scordifolia or Scutellaria tuberifera.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crude extract is processed by separating polyamide or macroporous resin to obtain faint yellow component containing the isoscutellarein 7-O-b -d-glucuronide and then purifying by gel chromatography to obtain isoscutellarein 7-O-b -d-glucuronide monomer. A content of isoscutellarein 7-O-b -d-glucuronide is 20-99.9 %. The extract contain other polyphenols containing baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, wogonoside, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, polysaccharide, leucine and lysine. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid component contains an amount of phosphorus comprising substantially all the phosphorus present in the fermentation residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: adding an acidic buffer to the fermentation residue prior to subjecting the residue to hydrothermal carbonization. The fermentation residue is thin stillage or whole stillage obtained from the corn based ethanol manufacturing process. Preferred Components: The fermentation residue based synthetic coal has: an ash content of less than both lignocellulosic substrate derived synthetic coals and fossil fuel bituminous coals; both a nitrogen and hydrogen content of greater than both lignocellulosic substrate derived synthetic coals and fossil fuel bituminous coals; a sulfur content of less than both lignocellulosic substrate derived synthetic coals and fossil fuel bituminous coals; and a macroporous structure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the torrefaction process comprises: separate steps of heating and torrefaction, and the material is diverted between the step of heating and the step of torrefaction or after the step of torrefaction; and separate steps of drying and heating, and the material is diverted between the step of drying and the step of heating. The method (M1) further comprises determining whether or not to waste a stream of torrefied material from which the diverted material was obtained, based on the quality parameter obtained in step (d). In the method (M2): step (e1) is based on the difference between the actual operation temperature and the optimal operation temperature and the difference between the actual residence time and the optimal residence time; the torrefaction process is carried out in a torrefaction reactor; the residence time is controlled by controlling the speed by which biomass is transported through the torrefaction reactor; and the operation temperature is controlled by controlling a degree of a heating of the biomass carried out before the biomass enters the torrefaction reactor or by controlling a degree of a heating or cooling of the biomass carried out in the torrefaction reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In torrefaction of optionally pre-dried biomass, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the torrefaction zone such that oxygen reacts with components of torrefaction gases under the formation of heat and where torrefaction gases are withdrawn from the heating zone such that the torrefaction gases moves through the torrefaction zone and through the heating zone countercurrent to the biomass transport. The torrefied material is withdrawn from the bottom by a transport device, such as a transport screw. The speed of the transport device is controlled to control of the residence time of the material in the torrefaction zone. The torrefaction temperature range is within 220 degrees C to 600 degrees C, such as 220-500 degrees C, such as 220-450 degrees C, such as 220-400 degrees C, such as 230-600 degrees C, such as 230-500 degrees C, such as 230-450 degrees C, such as 230-400 degrees C, preferably 240-500 degrees C, preferably 240-400 degrees C, preferably 240-350 degrees C, most preferably 270-350 degrees C. 6 A method according to any one of the preceding claims, where the biomass is transported through the heating zone in a horizontal direction. Preferred System: In the system, the first zone is arranged in a heating chamber comprising a screw or a belt for transporting the biomass through the first zone. The heating chamber is horizontal and the screw or belt extends in a horizontal direction for horizontal transport of the biomass. The insulated second zone is arranged in a vertical reactor. The system further comprises at least one oxygen inlet for injection of an oxygen-containing gas to the second zone and at least one outlet for torrefaction gases and where the outlet for torrefaction gases is located upstream of the oxygen inlet in relation to a biomass transport direction within the second zone. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The torrefaction reactor comprises at least one transport screw (7) and the biomass transport is regulated by the rotational speed of the transport screw. The transport screw comprises a continuous or discontinuous helicoidal material transport device fixed to a central shaft.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves milling the obtained torrefied biomass to obtain a pulverized torrefied biomass. The method (m1) further involves adding a liquid to the pulverized torrefied biomass to obtain a slurry or an extrudable paste having a concentration of 40-80 wt./wt.% of solid torrefied biomass, where the liquid mainly consists of water and the obtained slurry or extrudable paste has a concentration of 70-80 wt./wt.% of solid torrefied biomass. The optionally predried biomass introduced at the inlet of the torrefaction rector has a temperature below 225 (preferably below 180) degrees C, or 30-230 (preferably 50-200, especially 60-180) degrees C. The temperature of the biomass at the first position in the torrefaction reactor is at least 50 (preferably at least 100, especially at least 150) degrees C higher than the temperature of the biomass in the second position located upstream of the first position in the torrefaction reactor. Part of the torrefaction gases condense on the biomass in the torrefaction reactor as the torrefaction gases moves through the torrefaction reactor countercurrent with the biomass transport. Preferred Components: The pulverized torrefied biomass comprises particles having an average diameter of less than 1000 (preferably less than 500, especially less than 200, and particularly less than 100) microns. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises: feeding treated syngas produced in step (B1) to a reactor that produces product fuel from the treated syngas, where the reactor also produces a tail gas and liquid byproduct stream, a portion of or all of which is added to the raw syngas and combusted to provide heat in step (B1); and converting syngas produced by step (B1) to product fuel. The step (B1) comprises: mixing fuel and oxygen and combusting a portion of the oxygen in the mixture with the fuel to form hot oxidant stream that has a temperature of at least 2000 degrees F and contains oxygen and products of the combustion, and feeding the hot oxidant stream into the raw syngas stream; adding fuel and oxygen to the raw syngas and combusting the added fuel after it is added to the raw syngas stream; combusting fuel and oxidant comprising at least 90 vol.% of oxygen in a burner to produce a flame that heats the raw syngas stream, while adding oxygen to the raw syngas stream; and heating, by indirect heat transfer, oxygen that is added to the raw syngas stream. Preferred Components: The fuel that is mixed with oxygen and combusted to form the hot oxidant stream, comprises gaseous byproducts that are formed in the production of product fuels from syngas formed in step (B1). The fuel that is added to the raw syngas comprises gaseous byproducts. The fuel that is combusted in the burner comprises gaseous byproducts formed in the production of product fuels from syngas formed in step (B1). The reactor produces at least one product consisting of methanol, ethanol and Fischer Tropsch (F-T) liquids. The raw syngas stream contains tars, where tars in the raw syngas stream are converted to lower molecular weight products. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Machine: In the extruding and homogenizing machine, the opening and closing means of the outlet opening are manual or automated means. The opening and closing means of the outlet opening are automated by a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric. The means for opening and closing the tail end comprise a metal gate. The machine further comprises means for maintaining and controlling the temperature. The means for maintaining and controlling the temperature are configured to maintain and control the temperature in the zone of the extruder screw and/or in the compression cone. The machine also comprises reinforcing means for compression cone. It is provided with holes and/or slots for driving a gas present in the interior of the machine to the area of the feed opening of the machine. Preferred Method: Producing recovered solid fuel further comprises a subsequent step of opening the outlet aperture of the machine through the opening and closing means for outputting the recovered solid fuel produced. The starting materials are provided to the machine without having been previously treated. The starting materials originate from rejection fractions of waste treatment and its combination. Preferred Fuel: The recovered solid fuel is homogeneous. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The extract of organic material is produced from species of Nicotiana glauca (preferred), N. longiflora or N. aristata.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extract consists essentially a mixture of 29-33C alkanes at a purity of at least 90 vol.% (preferably 95%) of total extract. In the extract, concentration of hentriacontane is at least 80%, preferably 90% of the total extract. EXAMPLE - Freshly harvested N. glauca leaves (200 mg) were submerged in solvent (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane or petroleum ether) (5 ml) for 2-20 minutes. The leaves were removed and solvents dried completely by rotor-evaporation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of ceramic coated particles is 10-90 parts mass with respect to 100 mass parts of iron-type perovskite-type oxide particles. The core is silver. The ceramic is contains aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The solid electrolyte contains zirconium oxide. Preferred Process: The composite material is prepared in paste-form using dispersion medium. The calcination temperature of the composite material and bonding material is 700-900 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is present at a level of 0.01-20 (preferably 0.01-10) parts per million (ppm). (I) has a structure of formula (II). (II) is present at a level of 0.01-10 ppm.G2 = organic functional group comprising 2-22C, H or O. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of 13 compounds (I) is disclosed e.g. 1,3-bis(((1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yloxy)-methyl)benzene, 4,4'-bis(((1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yloxy)methyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, 1,2-bis(((1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yloxy)-methyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(((1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yloxy)-methyl)benzene and 2-(hexadecyloxy)-1,1'-biphenyl of formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves removing the heterogeneous binary catalytic system via filtration. The mixed metal oxide is acquired through co-precipitation followed by calcination. The reacting step is performed without neutralizing free fatty acids contained in the oil source. Preferred Components: The oil source has free fatty acids (at least 3 wt.%). The oil source is Jatropha curcas oil or used plant oil. The oil source is non-edible oil. The calcium to the second metal in the mixed metal oxide is in a ratio of 0.25 to 8:1 in mole. The mixed metal oxide is CaO-ZnO mixed oxide, CaO-CuO mixed oxide, CaO-Cu2O mixed oxide, CaO-Al2O3 mixed oxide, CaO-Ni2O3 mixed oxide, CaO-CdO mixed oxide, CaO-Fe2O3 mixed oxide, CaO-TiO2 mixed oxide, CaO-CoO mixed oxide or CaO-CO2O3 mixed oxide. The alcohol has carbon chain of 1-12C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves providing at least one of hay and straw dust that is added to and intermixed with the straw at the first grinder; and prior to the step of adding the manure to the second grinder, composting the manure for a period of time of at least one day to forty-five days. The hydraulic press exerts a pressure of at least 22000 pounds per square inch, and 58-60% of the organic fuel product is composed of straw, and 38% of the organic fuel product is composed of manure (where the manure is derived from horses, cows, swine or poultry). In the process, 2% of the organic fuel product is hay (where the hay is at least one of hay that is used to feed animals, or the hay that is used as bedding for animals and hay that is used as mulch) and straw dust. A configuration of the fuel product is in the form of cylindrical pellet; or the configuration of the fuel product is at least six inches long, at least two and one half inches wide and at least three and one half inches high. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves improving enzyme saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass by pretreatment process before saccharification, where the enzyme is a mixture of cellulase containing cellobiohydrolase, beta -glucanase or beta -thioglucosidase, and hemicellulase contains xylanase or beta -xylosidase. The method involves collecting enzyme recovered liquid having pH of 7-13. The method involves adjusting pH of enzyme recovered liquid to weakly acidic or neutral rapidly. The pretreatment process involves adding alkali to lignocellulosic biomass with alkali utilized in enzyme collection process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Gene: The gene fragment is a gene of bacteria which belong to Azoarcus, Dechloromonas and Betaproteobacteria Rhodocyclaceae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, in step (d), methane concentration is measured using portable methane analyzer; organic acid content of mine water is detected using high-performance liquid chromatography; PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is used to analyze microbial community structure to determine the dominant flora during gas production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, the corn stalk pre-treated by the NaOH and the chicken excrement are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1-2:1 to carry out anaerobic fermentation; the wheat straw pre-treated by the NaOH and the cow excrement are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1-6:1 to carry out anaerobic fermentation; the pre-treated wheat straw and the human excrement are mixed according to a ratio of 12.75-0.4:1. The kitchen substance, and fruit and vegetable are mixed according to a ratio of 9:2, and the ratio is dry substance TS mass ratio. The adding amount of the inoculating sludge is 15000 mg/L and the mass is based on TS. The corn stalk pre-treated by the NaOH and the chicken excrement are mixed according to a ratio of 1:2 to carry out anaerobic fermentation; the pretreated wheat straw and the human excrement are mixed according to a ratio of 0.4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method for reinforcing and stabilizing methane production, a temperature sensor is arranged in the methane tank; the temperature of the methane is controlled by the temperature controller, so that the temperature change range in a fermentation layer of the methane tank is kept within 3 degrees C. The water circulating system adopts deionized water. The water circulating pipes are subjected to thermal insulation treatment. The heat exchanger comprises two heat medium collection manifolds, two branch pipes and multiple heat exchange pipes vertical to the heat medium collection manifold. Preferred Device: The lower part of each scale removal ring component can be stably moved on the fixed guide rail. The fixed guide rail on the lower part of each scale removal ring component is an H steel. The chains and the chain wheels for driving the scale removal ring components to move are made by stainless steel materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method above, step (c) further comprises adding in other hydrocellulose, hemicellulase after crushing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: About 0-5 wt.% microwave absorbing medium is mixed with biomass. The microwave absorbing medium is activated carbon, silicon carbide, or pyrolysis coke; salts such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, or potassium nitrate; and/or acid base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid. The pyrolysis system uses nitrogen as carrier to ensure it is oxygen-free.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Sequence: The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the P.oxalicum comprises a 631 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Method: In method (M1), carbon source is corn straw powder (23 g/l), nitrogen resource is ammonium Sulfate (2.6 g/l), inorganic salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate or calcium carbonate. The amount of P.oxalicum inoculated is 105-107 spores/ml of the culture medium at 25-32 degrees C for 2-7 days or maintaining for 3-14 days. In method (M2), the hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 50 degrees C for 96 hours at 160 revolutions per minute. The straw is corn straw. The reaction time is 50-70 hours. The content of corn straw cellulose is (9 weight/volume%). The concentration of cellulose enzyme is (50 volume/volume%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stuffing in purifying chamber is mixture of carbon and cobblestone, with volume ratio of 1:0.8-1:1; or mixture of carbon and ceramic ring, with 1:1.3-1:1.5, and outer diameter of ceramic ring of 20-30 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low carbon alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, glycol, propyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol. The total alkalinity of the low carbon alcohol is less than or equal to 0.0002 wt.%, and the water content is less than or equal to 500 ppm. The deacidification catalyst is HRZ41 type deacidification catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Copper zinc aluminum catalyst comprises (mass%): copper oxide (50-70), zinc oxide (20-30) and aluminum oxide (10-20). Rare earth compound catalyst comprises lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in mole ratio of 1-2:1. Mole ratio of hydrogen to methyl acetate is 20-60:1. Temperature for hydrogenation reaction is at 200-300 degrees C, where absolute pressure is at 2-5 MPa, and reaction time lasts for 0.5-2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Mole ratio of ethylic acid to methanol is 1:2-20. The temperature of supercritical esterification is at 220-350 degrees C. The reaction absolute pressure is 10-20 MPa. Reaction time lasts for 1-3 hours. The ethylic acid is prepared by performing acid hydrolysis reaction for waste biomass to prepare hydrolysate; and using acetic acid bacteria to perform anaerobic digestion for hydrolysate and prepare ethylic acid mixture liquid. Copper zinc aluminum-rare earth compound catalyst is used for performing the hydrogenation reaction. Weight ratio of copper zinc aluminum-rare earth compound catalyst to the methyl acetate is 1.0-1.5:100. Weight ratio of copper zinc aluminum catalyst to rare earth compound catalyst is 8-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The active culture medium comprises veratryl alcohol solution (80-100 mmol/l), oxalic acid solution (600-800 mmol/l), manganese solution (1500-2000 mmol/l) and hydrogen peroxide solution (500-600 mmol/l). Preferred Method: The step (c) involves adding the obtained liquid (1200-3600 ml) to the coarse powder and adding (in ml): veratryl alcohol solution (200-800), oxalic acid solution (50-200), manganese solution (10-40) and hydrogen peroxide solution (312.5-1250) to the solution. The step (a) involves sieving the powder to obtain coarse powder of 60-100 mesh size. The step (b) involves adding 2-4 ml of P.chrysosporium suspension liquid to 200 ml of liquid culture medium, and culturing at 30-37 degrees C and at 120-15 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 6-8 days. The enzymatic complex liquid comprises lignin peroxidase (activity: 15-20 U/l) and manganese peroxidase (activity: 213-250 U/l). The step (d) involves reacting the solution at 28-30 degrees C for 3-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil-producing microbial cell is oil-producing microorganism whose intracellular oil content is more than 20% of the total biomass. The total biomass microbial cell is selected from Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis and Yarrowia lipolytica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Device: The filter layer comprises a macadam layer and a metal net located under a gravel layer (12), where particle size of the gravel in the gravel layer is more than the pore diameter of the metal net. Preferred Components: The organic conditioner comprises at least one mixture chosen from (i) first mixture containing sawdust, plant straw and dried leaves in a mass ratio of (12-12):(4-6):1, and (ii) second mixture containing sludge composting fertilizer with water content of 20-30%. The organic conditioner comprises the first mixture and the sludge composting fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1.8-2.4, where the addition amount of the organic conditioner to the sludge is 25-35 %mass. The carbon and nitrogen content of the sludge is adjusted to 25-30 and the water content is adjusted to 50-65%. The composite microorganism suspension comprises Phanerochaete chrysosporium solution (1x 10-3x 106 spore/ml) and Bacillus subtilis solution (1x 10-3x 106 colony forming units (CFU)/ml). The surfactant solution comprises rhamnolipid solution (0.012-0.015 %mass). The forced ventilation is operated for 45-90 seconds for each 20 minutes with gas flow of 0.12-0.18 m3/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anode diffusion layer is carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon felt containing polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing the natural gas reforming catalyst, comprises adding the rhodium compound and the metal core to a reaction vessel, and depositing the rhodium compound on the metal core. Preferred Components: The metal core comprises nickel or palladium. The metal core has a surface, and the rhodium covers between 10-80% of the surface of the metal core. The rhodium compound is a rhodium salt, where the rhodium salt is rhodium acetate, rhodium chloride and/or rhodium nitride. Preferred Method: The rhodium is alloyed with a metal comprising platinum, palladium and/or iridium. The rhodium is deposited on the metal core as a monolayer or a submonolayer. The rhodium monolayer has a thickness of 0.25 nanometers. The rhodium covers between 10-100% of the surface of the metal core. The multiple layers of rhodium are deposited on the metal core. The multiple layers of rhodium have a combined thickness of 0.5-3 nanometers. The nickel reduces the rhodium salt to form a rhodium layer on a surface of the metal core.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrocarbon inlet receives natural gas. The hydrogen exiting the hydrogen outlet contains no more than 20 parts per million of ammonia. The method further comprises: adding an aqueous solvent comprising water, aqueous acids and/or organic solvents to the reaction vessel; and adding an inert gas comprising argon and/or nitrogen to the reaction vessel. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The vegetable biomass is selected from crushed sugar cane, straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, straw corn, barley straw, wheat straw, eucalyptus chips, banana pseudo stem or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The pre-treated material is hydrolyzed with hydrolytic bacteria in a reactor at 5-6 pH and 20-70 degrees C. The pH is controlled by addition of alkalizing agents such as urea and sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The vegetable biomass is selected from crushed sugar cane, straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, straw corn, barley straw, wheat straw, eucalyptus chips, banana pseudo stem or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion of the treated material is accomplished with hydrolytic bacteria in a reactor at 6-8 pH and 35-40 degrees C. The pH is controlled by addition of alkalizing agents such as urea and sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a solids flow adjuster coaxially disposed within the first moving bed reactor. The second reactor is a countercurrent moving bed reactor. The circuitous piping assembly comprises at least one vertical standpipe. The injection gas ports are disposed annularly on at least one tapered section. The first moving bed reactor has multiple tapered sections that are aligned in parallel, so that the first moving bed reactor has multiple outlet streams. In the system, spacing between the solids flow adjuster and the walls of the first moving bed reactor defines a tangential flow-path for fuel entering the first moving bed reactor via the multiple fuel injection ports. The solid flow adjuster is funnel shaped. The multiple injector ports: define a cone shape; and are disposed along the tapered section.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The container contains aluminum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel mixture further contains mercapto-containing compound, preferably methyl mercaptan. The fuel mixture does not contain acetylene, acetone, dimethylformamide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone, and solid filler material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (vol.%): propane (40), propylene (55), and isobutane (5). EXAMPLE - An air conditioning system was charged with R-22 refrigerant (i.e. hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22) (2.6 pounds). The system showed a suction pressure of 65 p.s.i. and a discharge pressure of 230 p.s.i. Relevant parameters included: suction line temperature 66 degrees F; discharge line temperature 162 degrees F; ambient temperature 85 degrees F; condenser discharge air temperature 96 degrees C; supply air temperature 56 degrees F; and return air temperature 71 degrees F. The system was drained of refrigerant, and then filled with a refrigerant composition (12 ounces) containing propane (40 vol.%), propylene (55 vol.%), and isobutane (5 vol.%). The system showed a suction pressure of 60 p.s.i. and a discharge pressure of 242 p.s.i. Relevant parameters included: suction line temperature 64 degrees F; discharge line temperature 176 degrees F.; ambient temperature 85 degrees F; condenser discharge air temperature 96 degrees C; supply air temperature 56 degrees F; and return air temperature 71 degrees F. Thus, the present composition provides the same performance with only 30% of the total amount of refrigerant. In addition to use as a refrigerant, the present refrigerant composition of approximately 40 vol.% propane, approximately 55 vol.% propylene, and approximately 5 vol.% isobutane might be used as a detergent or cleaner for high precision and delicate electronic components, such as semiconductor chips and motherboards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass particles are ground to a diameter of 0.001-1 inch, where the thin sheets have a thickness that is a multiple of the ground biomass particle diameter. The pressure shocks are: incremented over a range of pressures; and applied over 1 microsecond to 1 week. The ramp of temperature is 0.001-1000 degrees C/second. The pressure shock is 0.2 MPa to 10 GPa in magnitude. In the method, a mixture of pressure shocks of differing magnitudes is applied over a range of times. The biomass is subjected to a controlled gas atmosphere or supercritical fluid while being subjected to a temperature ramp and pressure shocks. The temperature ramps include a sufficiently high temperature to create a carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass. The pressure shocks increase thermal conductivity and the surface area of formed carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass. The pressure shocks decrease the effective density of the biomass. The pressure shocks aid to fracture cellulosic biomass cell walls. The temperature ramps and the pressure shocks are applied simultaneously by the same means. Preferred Components: The thickness of the thin sheets is 1-30 times the biomass particle diameter. The volatile compounds include gas components comprising lipids, furans, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon fragments or synthesis gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process (I) further comprises: cultivating an oil-producing algae prior to introduction of the virus; converting the algal oil to biodiesel; and collecting the algal oil. The step of cultivating the oil-producing algae includes: promoting both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth, where the heterotrophic growth is initiated using a stress induction mechanism that includes at least one of light deprivation, nutrient deprivation, injection of a reactive oxygen source, or chemical additives; and introducing a virus which specifically targets only foreign strains of algae. The conversion of the algal oil to biodiesel includes transesterifying the algal oil, or direct hydrogenation of the algal oil. The process (II) further comprises collecting the algal oil. Preferred Components: The process (I) further utilizes a biological agent in addition to the virus, where the agent includes a cellulase, a glycoproteinase, or cellulosome. The algae have an algae oil content of greater than 20%. In the system the biological agent comprises at least one virus, and further includes an agent that is one of a cellulase, a glycoproteinase, or cellulosome. The system further comprises a conversion reactor operatively connected to the oil extraction bioreactor to convert at least a portion of the algal oil to a biodiesel by direct hydrogenation or by transesterification of the algal oil. The conversion reactor is configured to convert at least a portion of the algal oil to a biodiesel by direct hydrogenation or transesterification of the algal oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. The hydrogen storage material contains a magnesium hydride and a niobium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The optimum concentration of calcium oxide-cement kiln dust is preferably at 10 g/l. The anaerobic granulation is carried out at a pH of 6.8-7.2. Preferred Process: The reactor is an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor which is operated: continuously at 35-150 degrees C; and at an organic load rate (OLR) of less than 1.5 kg chemical oxygen demand/m3/day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: heating at least one of the first, second or third extraction mixtures to a temperature below the boiling point of the extraction mixture; recovering a first extraction product from the first liquid phase; recovering a second extraction product from the second liquid phase; recovering a third extraction product from the third liquid phase; adjusting the pH of the first extraction mixture to optimize protein extraction; repeating the sequence of combining and separating steps at least one more time; and adjusting the pH of at least one of the first, second, or third extraction mixtures to optimize protein extraction. The algal biomass is simultaneously at least partially dewatered while products are selectively extracted from the algal biomass. In the method at least one of first, second or third extraction mixture is held under a pressure greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure for at least 45 minutes. Preferred Components: In the method at least one of the first, second or third solvent sets comprise two water miscible or two water immiscible solvents, or at least one water miscible solvent and at least one water immiscible solvent. The solvent sets comprise methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and/or acetonitrile. The algal biomass is unfrozen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises a wastewater flow volume sensor which is provided between the low concentration wastewater treatment tank and the souring tank. The wastewater flow volume sensor is connected with the control apparatus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The apparatus is provided with a carbon-dioxide separator for separating carbon dioxide from gas discharged from the fuel-use apparatus, a feed-rate controller for controlling the feed rate of temporarily-preserved carbon dioxide to the fuel production unit, and a reaction-adjuvant supplier for supplying a reaction adjuvant which promotes chemical reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The fuel-use apparatus is a generator which generates carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, and/or methane as fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Canola: The cultivation medium is soil or a synthetic medium. The desired trait is herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred to an herbicide selected from imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, Dicamba, L-phosphinothricin, triazine, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, phenoxy proprionic acid, cyclohexone and benzonitrile. The desired trait is insect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. The desired trait is modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism and the desired trait is conferred by a nucleic acid encoding a protein selected from phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha -amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Units: The apparatus further comprises filter with several holes, which has a hollow three-dimensional shape. The filter is placed surrounding the opening portion of the outlet, where the filter does not allow entry of solid substance. The air ejection member is placed below the filter, where the air ejection member is rod shaped and fixed against the outlet port at the bottom of the processing tank. The liquid manure is removed from the outlet by gravity flow, where the outlet is placed at the bottom of the tank, internally. The liquid manure is removed from the outlet by gravity flow, where the outlet is placed at the bottom of the tank, internally.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The Clostridium having cellulose assimilation ability is C.thermocellum (NBRC 103400). The Clostridium having hydrogen and butanol producing ability is C.saccharoperbutylacetonicum (NRIC 0816). Preferred Component: The cellulose substrate is cellulose biomass or wood-type biomass. Preferred Method: The method involves producing hydrogen and butanol after at least 24 hours of saccharification process. The method further involves adding hemicellulase to the substrate during saccharification process. The method involves saccharifying the cellulose substrate at optimum temperature of Clostridium having cellulose assimilation ability and Clostridium having hydrogen and butanol producing ability, where the optimum temperature of Clostridium having cellulose assimilation ability is 60 degrees C and Clostridium having hydrogen and butanol producing ability is 30 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The lignin is manufactured by continuous method. The insoluble lignin and precipitated lignin are separated by gravity. The secondary solid fraction and liquid fraction are separated. The secondary pressure is more than atmospheric pressure, and is reduced to atmospheric pressure. The heat is recovered using at least one heat exchanger. The lignocellulosic biomass is fractionated to remove portion of 5C saccharide. The average particle size of insoluble lignin and precipitated lignin is less than 500 microns. Lignin has average particle size of less than 500 microns and heating value of 5000 BTU/lb or more, preferably 8000 BTU/lb or more measured at 30% moisture content according to ASTM-D240. The composition is free of organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The resulting liquids from the container and the percolate from the fermenter and the secondary fermenter is collected in a percolate pretreatment tank. The percolate is introduced into the seed tank, after the process parameters, temperature and pH, and nutrient concentrations are adjusted. In the container, highly concentrated and highly active microorganisms are grown, where the environmental conditions are provided by the addition of co-substrates and a homogeneous temperature and nutrient concentration distribution through a jacket heating system and a hydraulic agitator. The highly concentrated and highly active microorganisms containing percolate is introduced or inoculated into the fermenter or the secondary fermenter. Preferred Components: The fermenter comprises a bottom which is pivoted hydraulically. The fermenter comprises pivotable shelves for stacking the biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The biogas slurry is prepared by hydrolytic acidification of poultry excrement in hydrolytic acidification tank, leaving for 4 days, pumping feed liquid after the hydrolytic acidification into anaerobic fermentator, fermenting at 35-38 degrees C, leaving the feed liquid for 35 days in the anaerobic fermentator, and discharging after fully aerogenizing. The total solid content of the feed liquid after hydrolytic acidification is 6-8%. The total solid content of the biogas slurry is 2-5%, and pH is 8-8.5. The temperature of the circulating liquid is 28-30 degrees C and the pH is 1.5-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: applying the prepared compost tea for improving soil hardening within 6 hours, where the application rate is 10-20 l/acre, adding 50-250 mass times of water and diluting; and irrigating the diluted compact tea directly to the root of the crops or adopting the drip irrigation system. Preferred Components: The tea compost meets the requirement of the organic fertilizer NY525-2011 and bio-organic fertilizer NY884-2004, where the biological indicator: is greater than 15 (preferably 10) mu g/mg of the activity bacteria, is greater than 15 (preferably 150) mu g/mg of the total bacteria, is greater than 10 mu g/mg of the activity fungus and is greater than 200 (preferably 20) mu g/mg of the total fungus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The radix Codonopsis is present at 3.4-4.2 (preferably 3.8) pbw. The rhizoma Gastrodia is present in an amount of 2.4-3 (preferably 2.7) pbw. The Forsythia is present at 0.8-1.2 (preferably 1) pbw. The Rehmannia glutinosa is present in an amount of 1-1.2 (preferably 1.1) pbw. The balloon flower is present at 2.4-2.6 (preferably 2.5) pbw. The Platycodon root is present at 0.7-1.1 (preferably 0.9) pbw. The chinaberry fruit is present at 5 pbw. The pepper straw is present in an amount of 17 pbw. The fully decomposed of column fertilizer or pig field fertilizer is present at an amount of 35 pbw. The yeast is present at 0.10 pbw. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The feeding device is spiral conveyor. The multi-functional stack dumper is installed on the top portion of the fermentation chamber connected with the secondary fermentation chamber. The conveying belt is made of polyurethane net. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The temperature of the washing water after first heating circulation is less than 80 degrees C. Every heating circulation makes temperature of the washing water elevate for 5-15 degrees C. The heat exchange medium of the heat exchanger is low pressure water having pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa, and temperature of 100-130 degrees C. The pressure in the water scrubber is 0.1-0.2 MPa. The methanol temperature is 40-70 degrees C. The pressure for introducing methanol is 0.1-1 MPa. Preferred Components: The washing water in water scrubber is 40-70 vol.% of the water scrubber. The volume ratio of heat exchanger and the water scrubber is 1:6-10. The volume ratio of the washing water to crude biodiesel product is 0.1-0.3:1. The washing water is demineralized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic boride is smashed. The biogas is generated from sewage plant or landfill gas generated by burning landfill by anaerobic digestion, to obtain biological landfill gas by collecting and purifying process, and the main components of landfill are methane and carbon dioxide. Preferred Composition: The biogas contains methane (more than 95 vol.%), and remainder of carbon dioxide and water and unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing the straw, cleaning and dissolving, performing biological decomposition, carrying out polycondensation, purifying obtained product and drying. The method produces the organic fertilizer as an impurity in a mixture containing multi-element multivitamin oligosaccharide functional health care product, where the organic fertilizer is subjected to fermentation and drying after separating from the mixture. The method comprises release of biogas during microbial decomposition of straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw syngas comprises methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pyrolysis oil is obtained as a result of heating lignocellulosic materials to 400-600 degrees C for less than 3 seconds. The step of hydrogenating fast pyrolysis oil comprises hydrogenating fast pyrolysis oil at 70-100 degrees C, preferably 75-90 degrees C. The step of hydrogenating fast pyrolysis oil comprises hydrogenating pyrolysis oil at a pressure of 600-2000 (preferably 700-1500) psig. The space velocity of the fast pyrolysis oil per liter of the ruthenium catalyst per hour is 0.3-1 (preferably 0.4-0.7) l/l/hour. The step of hydrogenating fast pyrolysis oil comprises hydrogenating fast pyrolysis oil to provide a reduction of carbonyl content by at least 10%, and a deoxygenation by at least 5%.
ACTIVITY - Antimalarial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The compound consists of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The inert gas comprises argon or nitrogen. The water comprises liquid water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous carrier is solid porous material made of organic and/or inorganic materials including carbon, silica, and zeolites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The external catalytic layer further contains 1 to 10 g/m2 of rare earths in form of oxides. The electrode comprises an internal catalytic layer containing 0.5 to 2 g/m2 of platinum in form of oxide or metal, interposed between the metal substrate and the external catalytic layer. Preferred Components: The rare earths comprise praseodymium oxide. The metal substrate is made of nickel or nickel alloy. Preferred Method: Manufacturing the electrode further comprises, prior to the application step, preparation of a rare earth solution by dissolution of at least one nitrate of a rare earth in glacial acetic acid under stirring, with optional addition of nitric acid; mixing under optional stirring of the ruthenium solution with the rare earth solution; and subsequent optional dilution with an aqueous solution of acetic acid at a concentration comprised between 5 and 20% by weight. It also comprises a step of preparation of a platinum solution by dissolution of a nitrate or nitrite of platinum in glacial acetic acid under stirring, with optional addition of nitric acid, followed by a dilution with an aqueous solution of acetic acid at a concentration comprised between 5 and 20% by weight; and a step of application of the platinum solution on the metal substrate in multiple coats, with thermal decomposition at 400-600 degrees C for a time not lower than 2 minutes after each coat, prior to the application of the ruthenium solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phase of the liquid material is inorganic smelt and ash selected from a group consisting of sodium sulphide, carbonate and hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is chosen from xanthan-gum degrading enzyme, hyaluronic acid degrading enzyme, gellan gum degrading enzyme, and polygalacturonic acid degrading enzyme. The concentration of the uronic acid unit concentration is 30 mg/l. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The downstream processing assembly converts mono-oxygenates to alkanes, alkenes and aromatics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base is a compound consisting of sodium hydroxide (preferred), ammonium hydroxide and/or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of contacting the adjusted pH slurry with the second reaction fluid is carried out substantially free of catalyst other than carbon dioxide. The method further comprises fractionating the lignocellulosic biomass prior to the providing step, where the step of fractionating comprises contacting the lignocellulosic biomass with a first reaction fluid comprising hot compressed water and, optionally, carbon dioxide, where the first reaction fluid further comprises acid, when the lignocellulosic biomass comprises softwood, and the first reaction fluid is at a temperature of at least 100 degrees C under a pressure sufficient to maintain the first reaction fluid in liquid form. The step of contacting the adjusted pH slurry with the second reaction fluid has duration of greater than 2-5 seconds, preferably 5-10 seconds. The adjusted pH slurry has a pH of 5-8, preferably 5-6. The step of increasing the pH of the slurry comprises adding a base, where the base is an organic base and/or an inorganic base. The yield of the glucose is at least 60% of theoretical yield. The method is continuous. The step of contacting the adjusted pH slurry with the second reaction fluid is carried out substantially free of catalyst other than carbon dioxide. Preferred Components: The supercritical or near-critical fluid is substantially free of 1-5C alcohols. The catalyst is an acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: After converting oxygen remained in the purified gas into water, purified gas is cooled using a heat exchanger. The concentration of gas (G1) chosen from methane gas, carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen sulfide gas in the purified gas at exit of the absorption tower is detected. When detected concentration of gas (G1) is not a regulation value, purified gas at exit of the absorption tower is bypassed by a flow-path switching valve, excluding the catalyst tower. When detected concentration of gas (C1) is regulation value, gas (G1) at exit of absorption tower is supplied to the catalyst tower by flow path switching valve. Preferred Condition: The purified gas to which the hydrogen is added has space velocity of is 7000 h-1 or less (excluding 0), when supplied to the catalyst tower. Preferred Arrangement: In the deactivator, flow path switching valve is provided between detection unit and catalyst tower. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of addition amount of hydrogen with respect to amount of oxygen remained in the purified gas, is 2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptors are oxygen, nitrate, sulfate or water. Preferred Process: The determination of the speed of individual reactions is by collecting sedimentary rock samples from the surface and at different depths in a series of sedimentary basin, determining a mass ratio of each bioreactive structural motif in each of the samples by extraction with an organic solvent followed by pyrolysis, determining a quantity of biogenic gas produced by each structural motif by the bioreactive reaction scheme and a weight proportion, and deducing the reaction rates of each individual bioreactive structural motif. The process comprises regrouping the bioreactive structural motifs in bioreactive structural groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sufficient amount of catalyst is added to adjust the reactant mixture to a predetermined pH. The method further comprises: separating the methanol from the product mixture and recovering a separated methanol stream; reusing the separated methanol stream in subsequent process steps; washing the methyl ester fraction with acid; washing the methyl ester fraction with water; separating a residual acid wash and wash water from the methyl ester fraction; and passing the methyl ester through a dry desiccant and ion exchange resin. The step of separating the glycerin fraction from the methyl ester fraction comprises providing a predetermined time period for the product mixture to separate into two phases by gravity. The polymer is blended with the product mixture at 0.5-100, preferably 5-25 parts per million by weight of the feed source. The method further comprises centrifuging the product mixture, and pre-treating the feed source containing triglyceride. Preferred Components: The predetermined pH is 8.5-9.5. The catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The alcohol comprises methanol. The predetermined reaction temperature is 25-50 degrees C, preferably 35-45 degrees C, and the time is 20-60 minutes. The predetermined separation temperature is 40-80 degrees C, preferably 60-70 degrees C. The predetermined precipitation time is 2-4 hours. EXAMPLE - A triglyceride feed source (1000 cc) such as sunflower oil was reacted with methanol (200 cc) and sodium hydroxide catalyst. Then, poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride was blended with the reactants mixture of methanol, sodium hydroxide as catalyst (0.9 wt.%) and triglyceride feed source. The total percent glycerin in the methyl ester including free and bound glycerin was determined by subjecting the methyl ester. The mixture was reacted at 45 degrees C for 40 minutes, and worked up to give methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Pyrolyzing is carried out to a temperature ranging from 500 degrees C to 800 degrees C; or pyrolyzing is carried out to a temperature ranging from 650 degrees C to 700 degrees C. It is done according to a protocol where the film or hollow fibers are heated first from 50 degrees C to 600 degrees C at a ramp rate of 10 degrees C/minute; then from 600 degrees C to 675 degrees C at a ramp rate of 2 degrees C/minute; then soaked for 10 minutes at 675 degrees C. Preferred Parameter: The carbon molecular sieve membrane shows an ethane permeance of at least 0.25, 0.5, or 1 gas permeation unit (GPU) and an ethylene/ethane selectivity of at least 9, 10, or 12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dehydrogenation component is toluene. The hydrogen storage component is methylcyclohexane, 2-methyl-nona hydro naphthalene(sic) or alicyclic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon/nitrogen ratio of compost mixture is 25-30:1. In step (a), the mixed mineralization waste content is 8-16%, preferably 2-4% of the dry weight of the mixture. The primarily fermentation step is carried out in a reaction chamber. The secondarily fermentation step is carried out under condition out of rain into a bar stack shape. The oxygen supply method is carried out by intermittent ventilation. The outlet oxygen concentration is higher than 18%, when the oxygen is not supplied. The outlet oxygen concentration is less than 10%, when the oxygen is supplied. The mineralized waste is degraded by degrading the waste material comprising plastic, metal, rubber, mineralized waste and stone and then passed through 20 meshes. The municipal sludge is digested sludge or sludge of a sewage treatment plant. Preferred Components: The straw is maize straw, rice straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 2-4 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (a) vegetables are cleaned using clean water. In step (b), plant ash is added to the crushed product. The method involves subjecting the crushed product to centrifugation at 1000-6000 rotations per minute. In step (e), microorganisms chosen from Aspergillus niger, Mucor and Bacillus subtilis are inoculated to the mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process of preparation of (I) is carried out in a solvent and in the presence of base and/or catalyst, where the solvent includes ketones, alcohols, esters, amides, ethers, dimethylsulfoxide and/or aromatic solvents. In the process of preparation of (V) the reaction is carried out in indifferent solvent in presence of acid binding agent and the mesylating reagent is methanesulfonic anhydride or methanesulfonyl halogenide, e.g. methanesulfonyl chloride. ACTIVITY - Antiarrhythmic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - N-(2-butyl-3-(4-((3-amino)propoxy)benzoyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- methansulfonamide (II) (1 g) was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (5 ml). Pyridine (0.18 g) and sodium iodide (0.34 g) were added and the mixture heated to boiling point. 1-bromobutane (0.62 g) (III) dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (1 ml) was added at this temperature for 15 minutes and the mixture was boiled for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated, and water (20ml) and dichloromethane (20ml) were added. The organic phase was washed with 5 % sodium bicarbonate solution (5 ml), separated and evaporated to obtain the product N-(2-butyl-3-(4-((3-dibutylamino)propoxy)benzoyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methanesulfonamide. The resultant product was purified by forming its oxalate salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent in step (a') is selected from hydrogen and acid amide, zinc powder, iron powder or sodium hydrosulfite. The oxidation oxidant in step (a'1) is hydrogen peroxide. The inorganic base in step a) is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. The mixed acid used in the nitration reaction in step b) is acetate and nitric acid. The chlorination agent in step b1) is thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, oxalyl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction solvent in step (a'), is selected from ethyl acetate, methanol or ethanol; and the catalyst is of 2-20 wt.% of the palladium carbon hydrochloric acid or acetate solution. The used solvent in step (a'1) is selected from methanol, sodium hydroxide solution or ethanol sodium hydroxide solution. The solvent in step a) is selected from methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene and dimethylformamide. The organic alkali in step a) is selected from triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine or diisopropylethylamine. The cyclization reagent in step a) is acetic acid and nitric acid. The solvent in step b1) is dimethylformamide, methylbenzene, ethyl or normal hexane. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbe is selected from bacteria, mycete or yeast (preferably Absidiacorymbifera).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The astragalosides comprise all or part of astragaloside monomer astragaloside I, II, VI, VII, isoastragaloside I, II, acetylastragaloside I, agroastragaloside III, IV and/or Cycloglobiceposide A. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective; Cytostatic; Virucide; Antidiabetic; Cardiant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ammonia is prepared by crushing calcium oxide, adding water to the powder at a ratio of 0.1667-1.5:1 to obtain ammonium chloride solution having a concentration of 200-600 kg/m3, adding calcium oxide powder to the solution at a ratio of 1:2, heating at 50-80 degrees C, adding water, heating to obtain ammonia, and drying the residue to obtain calcium chloride by-product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ester solvent in the step (a) is tetrahydrofuran (preferred), ether or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The ester solvent in the step (d) is methyl tert-butyl ether (preferred), ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The dilute in step (e) is dilute acetic acid, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid solution with concentration of 10-15%, preferably 10%. The dosage ratio of the oxazole and the ester solvent in step (a) is 1 g/25-35 ml. The mol ratio of the oxazole and n-butyllithium in step (b) is 1:1.2-1.4. The mole ratio of the oxazole and the N-carboxaldehyde piperidine in step (c) is 1:4-6. The dosage ratio of the oxazole and the ester solvent in step (d) is 1 g/3-6 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The diethyl oxalate compound is chosen from oxalate, diethyl oxalate, di-n-propyl oxalate, diisopropyl oxalate, di-n-butyl oxalate, and acid tertiary butyl ester. The furan derivative is chosen from selected from ether, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol diethyl ether. The organic alkali catalyst is chosen from sodium methoxide, sodium alcoholate, sodium propanol, isopropanol, potassium tertiary butyl, or potassium tertiary amyl alcohol. The amount of catalyst is 5-120 mol% of oxalic acid ester compound. The acetic ester compound is chosen from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and tert-butyl acetate. The ratio of diethyl oxalate compound and acetic ester compound is 1:1-2.
ACTIVITY - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is chosen from monosaccharide comprising galactose, glucose, and/or fructose, disaccharide comprising sucrose, maltose, and/or lactose, and/or polysaccharide comprising gelidium jelly, starch, cellulose, carrageenan, and/or alginic acid. The Brettanomyces mutant strain further utilizes ethyl methane-sulfonate, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. The culture medium contains 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural and ethanol. The carbon source utilized in the method is glucoside, starch, cellulosic, and marine algae comprising rhodophyta and fucoxanthin.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Fuel cell is solid oxide fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The contacting step is performed at a temperature of 130-190 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. During the contacting step, the solid starting material and the mixture are blended by a mixer. The method further comprises: a filtration step for removing particles larger than 8 mu m from the fuel after the contacting step; and condensing vapor in a condenser. Preferred Components: The amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid in the mixture is 1-10 wt.% of the sum of weights of the diethylene glycol and glycerol. The ratio of diethylene glycol to glycerol in the mixture is 1:1-10:1 by weight. The ratio of the weight of the starting material to the sum of weights of the diethylene glycol and glycerol is 1:1-1:6. The solid starting material comprises at least one component comprising lignocellulosic material, wood, wood sawdust, wood chips, straw, hay, plant fibers, cellulose fibers, cotton fibers, bagasse, and waste material from a lignin, a tannin or a furfural alcohol production process. The solid starting material is in the form of particles, where at least 90 wt.% of the particles has a particle size of less than 10 mm. The solid starting material comprises milled wood. EXAMPLE - Milled wood (100 g), a mixture of diethylene glycol and glycerol (300 g) at a ratio of 9:1 by weight, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (9 g) were charged into the reaction vessel. The mixture was heated to 160-180 degrees C under constant stirring and worked up to give the liquid fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Handling transportation and supply of large amount of small particles like pellets, granules, small-chips, powder and the like obtained by biomass and peat comprises a step of (f) separating the mixture into its components: small biomass particles and liquid fluid. The liquid fluid adapted to be mixed with the small biomass particles is selected from: water, slurry bio ethanol, bio methanol, new or exhausted vegetal oils, pyrolysis oil. The small particles comprise torrefied small particles. The ratio in weight between the small particles and the liquid fluid ranges from 10% to 70% or more. The suitable pipeline is a closed loop pipeline adapted to save and re-use the liquid fluid. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises unit for separating the mixture into the small particles and the liquid fluid vessel. The liquid fluid vessel is selected from: water, slurry, bio ethanol, bio methanol, new or exhausted vegetal oils, pyrolysis oil. The unit for separating the mixture into the small particles and the liquid fluid vessel are selected from: sifters, rotating screens, Trommel screens, and heating systems. The unit for pumping comprises centrifugal pumps. The suitable pipeline comprises plastic pipes. The suitable pipeline comprises an open loop pipeline adapted to save and re-use the liquid fluid and the unit for pumping comprises bidirectional pumping unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the torch: the solid wood is Betula papyrifera; a hole that has the diameter of one quarter - three quarters inches, preferably one half is drilled from the bottom of the log so that it connects with the main vertical chimney prior to the treatment of the torch and is filled after the treatment of the torch; and the log is treated to destroy any invasive insects or fungi at 70 degrees C for 21-27 hours. The torch is treated at 60-80 degrees C for 75 minutes to 96 hours. The wood torch further comprises an ignition component which is a fuel e.g. kerosine or candle. The candle is made of paraffin and wood residues. EXAMPLE - Wood log of Betula papyrifera having a diameter of 10 inches was cut at a length of 12 inches. A main chimney of 2 inches diameter and 10.5 inches in length was drilled from one end towards the other end without reaching bottom of the log. An air intake of diameter of 2 inches is drilled at 90 degrees angle. A hole of /2 in diameter and length of 1.5 inches is drilled from the bottom of the log so that it reaches the main chimney and a wood rod is removed from the log. The resulting wood log is dried at 70 degrees C for 26 hours 42 minutes after which the bottom hole is filled with the wood rod removed prior to the drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dissoluble salt is halogenides, nitrates and disulfates of the transition metals such as iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, chrome and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The mass of compost is subjected to the subatmospheric pressure in a packaged form, where the mass of compost is within an envelope allowing the passage of the water vapor. In the method, after cooling of the mass of compost, the mass of compost is allowed to return to atmospheric pressure. The mass of compost is subjected to subatmospheric pressure in a vacuum chamber. In the method, while the mass of compost is subjected to subatmospheric pressure, the subatmospheric gas in the vacuum chamber is dehumidified. The dehumidification is performed by cooling the subatmospheric gas in the vacuum chamber. The mass of compost is compressed before being introduced in the vacuum chamber. The weight of the mass of compost is reduced by evaporation of water from the mass of compost by at least 0.3 wt.%, preferably at least 0.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the mass of compost. The mass of compost is subjected to subatmospheric pressure at a pressure and for a time that results in a temperature of the mass of compost of less than 15 degrees C, preferably less than 9 degrees C. The temperature of the cooled mass of compost is less than 4 degrees C. The cooled mass of compost is transported to a cooled truck. In the method, after cooling the mass of compost, it is placed in an environment having a temperature below 0 degrees C. The mass of compost to be cooled is compost inoculated with mycelium of mushrooms for human consumption.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solvent bath is sonicated or agitated. The method (M1) involves removing the solvent from the torrefied biomass by a distillation process to create a heat transfer medium residue which is recycled back into the torrefaction liquid. The method (M1) involves removing 95-99.9%, preferably 98-99.9% of liquid heat transfer medium from the torrefied biomass. The torrefied biomass is initially placed in a liquid bath including a surfactant. The removed liquid heat transfer medium is recovered from the liquid bath and reused for the liquid torrefaction of a biomass. The torrefied biomass is initially placed in a solvent bath heated above ambient temperature. The removed liquid heat transfer medium is in the form of residue. Preferred Components: The biomass is in pellet form. The liquid heat transfer medium is oil. The biomass is a solid non-granular structure. The torrefaction liquid is non-polar. The solvent is chosen from non-polar solvents containing pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene/toluene, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, fluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and a mixture of the solvents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive material comprises carbon black, carbon fiber, silicon or a fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material comprises polyethylene, polystyrene, polyester and/or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Combination of rare-earth element contained in the rare-earth-metal oxide, and alkaline-earth element contained in the alkaline-earth metal oxide is chosen from strontium and cerium, magnesium and cerium, barium and cerium, strontium and lanthanum, and barium and lanthanum. The alkaline-earth metal oxide is strontium oxide. The platinum-group metal is rhodium and platinum. The content of nickel in conversion of nickel atom, content of platinum group metal in conversion of platinum-group metal atom, content of rare-earth-metal oxide, content of alkaline-earth metal oxide, content of strontium oxide, content of rare-earth-metal oxide and content of rhodium in conversion of rhodium atom is 1-30 parts mass, 0.01-3 parts mass, 2-30 parts mass, 0.1-10 parts mass, 0.1-10 parts mass, 2-30 parts mass and 0.01-3 parts mass, respectively, with respect to 100 parts mass of the alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen is obtained by carrying out steam reforming of the hydrogen raw material having oxygen molecule content of less than 5 vol.%, and hydrocarbon compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: In the portable anaerobic fermentation device for the methane tank, the subsidiary methane tank is a columnar subsidiary methane tank. The methane tank is a columnar methane tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The agent comprises an element including carbon, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc and lead. The agent is supplied either in pure form or in form of a compound with another element of this group. The agent comprises gas including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane or urea. A content of nitrogen oxide and/or a content of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane or urea in the exhaust gas is measured at the sampling point. The agent is dosed as a function of this content to the exhaust gas. The agent is dosed when the content of nitrogen oxide and/or the content of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane or urea in the exhaust gas of a predetermined value falls below or above.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The SAPO molecular sieve comprises SAPO-5-type molecular sieve or SAPO 37-type molecular sieve, preferably SAPO-5-type molecular sieve. The ratio of silicon dioxide and alumina in the SAPO is 0.1-15. The metal (M) comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium or copper, preferably palladium. The content of metal (M) in the dehydration/hydrogenation catalyst is 0.001-2 weight%. The carbon oxide(s) conversion catalyst comprises composition chosen from copper-zinc oxide-(Sup), palladium-(Sup) and zinc-chromium-(Sup), where (Sup) is support composition. The total content of metal and SAPO in the catalyst composition is 20-80%. Preferred Properties: The SAPO molecular sieve has average pore size of 0.73 nm or less. The gas space velocity of reaction system used in the process for generation of saturated hydrocarbon from carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen is 300-15000 h-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon oxide(s) conversion catalyst is methanol conversion catalyst. The saturated hydrocarbon is 3C or more saturated hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid biomass material is obtained by reducing the particle size of optionally torrefied solid biomass material in the presence of liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon is same as fluid hydrocarbon co-feed. The fluid hydrocarbon co-feed and solid biomass material are mixed together before entering into a catalytic cracking reactor. The fluid hydrocarbon co-feed and solid biomass material are added separately to catalytic cracking reactor. Preferred Composition: The solid biomass material is wood, sawdust, straw, grass, bagasse and/or corn stover. The solid biomass material is torrefied solid biomass material. The fluid hydrocarbon co-feed is straight run gas oil, flashed distillate, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, naphtha, gasoline, diesel, kerosene and/or liquefied petroleum gases. The amount of fluid hydrocarbon co-feed is 8 wt.% or more with respect to total amount of fluid hydrocarbon co-feed. The cracked products contain 0.01 wt.% or more of elemental oxygen with respect to total amount of cracked products. The product fractions contain 0.01 wt.% or more of elemental oxygen with respect to total weight of product fractions. The hydrodeoxygenated products are mixed with other components to obtain biofuel and/or biochemical. Preferred Properties: The solid biomass material has mean particle size of 5-5000 mu m, measured with laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In converting solid biomass material, the solid biomass material is fed to the riser reactor as a mixture of solid biomass material and steam. The riser reactor comprises a riser reactor pipe having a diameter that increases in a downstream direction. A fluid hydrocarbon feed is also fed into the riser reactor and where the solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor at a location upstream of the location where the fluid hydrocarbon feed is supplied to the riser reactor. Solid biomass material is supplied at the bottom of the riser reactor. The riser reactor comprises a bottom section and a riser reactor pipe and where the bottom section has a larger diameter than the riser reactor pipe. The weight ratio of catalyst to solid biomass material (catalyst : solid biomass ratio) at the location where the solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor lies in the range from equal to or more than 1:1, to equal to or less than 150:1. The fluid hydrocarbon feed is introduced to the riser reactor at a location where the solid biomass material already had a residence time in the range from equal to or more than 0.1 seconds to equal to or less than 1 seconds. The ratio between the residence time for the solid biomass material to the residence time for the fluid hydrocarbon feed (residence solid biomass : residence hydrocarbon ratio) lies in the range from equal to or more than 1.01:1 to equal to or less than 2:1. Solid biomass material is introduced to the riser reactor at a location with temperature T1 and the fluid hydrocarbon feed is introduced to the riser reactor at a location with temperature T2 and temperature T1 is higher than temperature T2. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Chinese barberry root is planted in an automatic oxygen supply artificial wetland system. The internal part of a bed body of the wetland is constituted by a filling substance and hollow shale bricks, where the oxygen is supplied automatically into the wetland system through aperture gaps of the hollow shale bricks. The grain diameter and the filling thickness of the filling substance are artificially chosen. The wetland is filled with a stone layer with thickness of 15 cm and particle size of 10-20 mm, a furnace slag layer with thickness of 20 cm and particle size of 1-10 mm, and a sand oil layer with thickness of 15 cm. The water feeding manner of the wetland system is an intermittently water intake manner. The internal oxygen content of the wetland system is further supplemented by the time not feeding the water so as to improve the automatic oxygen supply capability of the internal part of the wetland system. The portion of Chinese barberry root is periodically harvested for sale, where the old leaves of the plants are cleaned in time to prevent the secondary pollution. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Antidiarrheic; Hepatotropic; Dermatological; Antiinflammatory; Antiulcer; Ophthalmological; Analgesic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The puffing feather comprises 480-490 g/kg of total carbon and 130-160 g/kg of total nitrogen with a ratio of carbon/nitrogen of 3-4, 30-40 g/kg of water-soluble carbon and 20-30 g/kg of water soluble nitrogen, where the pH value is 6-7 and the electric conductivity is 2-2.5. The pig manure compost comprises greater than 30 wt.% of organic material, 1.2-2 wt.% of total nitrogen, 3-5 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide, 0.8-1.5 wt.% of potassium oxide and 25-30% of water. The rapeseed meal compost comprises organic material of greater than 40 wt.%, where the weight ratio of amino acid and micromolecule peptide is 10-15% and the organic nitrogen is 4-5 wt.%, 2-3 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide, 0.5-1 wt.% of potassium oxide and 25-30 wt.% of water. The microorganism organic fertilizer product contains more than 1x 108/g of microorganism of single bacteria or mixed bacteria, 2-4 wt.% of total nitrogen with more than 90% of organic nitrogen, 3-5 wt.% of total nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient and 25-35 wt.% of organic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism comprises single bacteria or mixed bacteria of Bacillus subtilis NJN-6 with a preservation number of CGMCCNO. 3183, Bacillus subtilis NJN-11 with a preservation number of CGMCCNO. 3184, Bacillus subtilis NJN43 with a preservation number of CGMCCNO. 3181, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJQL-18 with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 3177, Brevibacillus brevis NJL-25 with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 3175 or Bacillus cereus NJL-14 with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 3174. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: heating the biomass during the step of extracting neutral lipids to a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent set during the step of extracting neutral lipids; heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during the step of extracting neutral lipids; recycling the residue into an animal feed, a human food or a nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; and growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of waste water by the algal cells. In the method bioremediation is integrated into a waste water treatment plant and the algal biomass is wet. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The olefinic feedstock is obtained from a fluid catalytic cracking unit or a coker unit. The converted olefinic feedstock comprises 5C olefins that are predominantly 2-pentene. The 5C olefins in the converted olefinic feedstock comprises at least 90 wt.% of 2-pentene. The ionic liquid catalysts comprise hydrocarbyl substituted pyridinium chloroaluminate, and/or hydrocarbyl substituted imidazolium chloroaluminate. The ionic liquid catalysts comprise butyl-pyridinium chloroaluminate. The middle distillate comprises a jet fuel. Preferred Process: In the process, a formation of isobutane during the alkylating is less than 10 wt.% of the olefins in the converted olefinic feedstock. The partially converting and alkylating are carried out in the presence of one or more ionic liquid catalysts. The ionic liquid catalyst is mixed with hydrogen halide or alkyl halide. The ionic liquid catalysts remain the same during the converting and alkylating steps. The process for partially converting is different from olefin isomerization. The partially converting is carried out at non-refrigerated conditions. EXAMPLE - Iso-pentane was reacted with mixed fluid catalytic cracking pentenes in the presence of N-butyl-pyridinium heptachlorodialuminate and hydrochloric acid in a 100 ml continuously stirred tank reactor at 1600 revolution per minute at a temperature of 10 degrees C and a pressure of 100 psi. The iso-pentane stream (325 g/hours) was mixed with the mixed pentene stream (113 g/hours) and fed to the alkylation reactor together with N-butyl-pyridinium ionic liquid (60 g/hours) and hydrochloric acid (approximately 0.8 g/hours). The effluent from the reactor was depressurized, and then the ionic liquid was separated out and the products were fractionated to give iso-butane, light and heavy naphtha.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the pulping device, the S-shaped pulping blade is fixed on the prolonging shaft by a pin key and a keyseat nut, a notch regulating bolster is set between the S-shaped pulping blade and the prolonging shaft. The S-shaped pulping blade is fixed on the prolonging shaft by the pin key, the right side of the S-shaped pulping blade is fixed by a nut, and an elastic cushion is set between the fixing nut and the S-shaped pulping blade. The diameter of the mesh hole is from 8 to 18 mm, the thickness of the blade mesh plate is from 6 to 8 mm. The distance between the S-shaped pre-pulping blade and the S-shaped pulping blade is from 12 to 15 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: In the strain compound, the components of the strain compound according to mass ratio are Bacillus natto powder: lactic acid bacteria powder: Acidithiobacillus powder in a ratio of 1:1-10:1-6. Preferred Method: In processing industrial sludge, the strain compound and the industrial sludge are in a mass ratio of 1:10-100000. The industrial sludge is dried or dehydrated sludge or un-dried dehydrated sludge. The method comprises inoculating 0.0001-10 g or 0.0001-1 g of the strain compound into 1000 ml industrial sludge, and culturing for more than 12 hours. The industrial sludge is anaerobic pond sludge and aerobic tank sludge or concentrating pool sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In preparing N-alkyl-N-trialkylsilylamide, 0.8 to 2 moles of the organic base (OB) are used per mole of the compound of formula (II), preferably about 1 mole of the organic base (OB) is used per mole of the compound of formula (II). The R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently of each other represent 1-4C alkyl which can be identical or different, or C1 or C2 alkyl which can be identical or different. The R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same, where R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent methyl. The X represents chlorine. The organic base (OB) is a nitrogen containing organic base, preferably triethylamine. The compound of formula (I) is separated from the salt of the organic base (OB)H+X- by adding an antisolvent for (OB)H+X- to the reaction medium so that the salt of the organic base (OB)H+X- precipitates and can be removed by filtration. The antisolvent is an alkane having a boiling point in the range of 35 to 80 degrees C. The compound of formula (II) is reacted with the compound of formula (III) in a compound of formula (II)/compound of formula (III) molar ratio of 1/5 to 5/1, preferably 1.5/1 to 1/1. The reaction of the compound of formula (II) with the compound of formula (III) is carried out at a temperature in the range from 20 to 50 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic microbial is poultry excrement, wheat bran, soybean bran, sunflower seed bran, dead leaves and/or straw. The active microbial is enzymes, bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and/or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The trace element is sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silica, boron, zinc, iron and/or molybdenum, and is present at an amount of 0.1-0.5% of the total weight of the organic fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heavy metal extracting agent is citric acid, sulfuric acid and/or sulfuric acid. The adding amount of heavy metal extracting agent is 15- 20 g/m3 of sludge. The addition quantity of the organic matter is 10-20% of the dry sludge. The addition quantity of the active microbial is 10-20 g/ton in total weight of the organic matter and dry sludge. The drying system is drum drying device. The conveyor belt rotates around the drum at the same time to realize drying. In the fermentation step, the inorganic trace element is added to the dried sludge before the beginning the fermentation. ACTIVITY - ACTIVITY- Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Material: The biomass raw material is waste wood, sawdust, straw and/or rice hull.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Binder: The binder is bentonite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nano-titanium dioxide is doped with cobalt before preparing the microsphere. The composite microsphere is solidified by using saturated boric acid solution containing calcium chloride (1-10 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.%). The nano-titanium dioxide is pre-processed by uniformly mixing with titanium sulfate solid and cobalt chloride in a mass ratio of 100-10:1 to obtain the doped material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and composite powder is 6:1:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sludge is sanitary sewage sludge, industrial wastewater sludge and/or feed water sludge. The carbonaceous material is straw, bits of wood and/or waste paper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is coal-tar oil, epoxy resin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or phenolic resin. The additive is calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite or disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molybdenum source is ammonium tetramolybdate or ammonium heptamolybdate. The concentration of molybdenum source dissolved in the organic phase is 20-40 g/L. The molybdenum source in the aqueous phase of the molybdenum source has concentration of 100-200 g molybdenum/L, has pH value of 2-3. The volume ratio of organic phase to solvent is (2-3):(7-8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkanolamide is Ninol 6501 (RTM: Cocofatty acid diethanolamide), Ninol 6502 (RTM: Addition compound of coconut oil fatty acid and diethanolamine), or octyldiethanolamine. The alkanolamide is prepared by reacting petroleum naphthenic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkylphenol, or alkylsalicylate with diethanol amine. The alkanolamide is obtained by reacting animal vegetable oil with diethanol amine. The animal vegetable oil comprises (wt.%) saturated fatty acid (0-40), linolenic acid (5-20), and erucic acid (5-20). The animal vegetable oil is rapeseed oil-high erucic acid, high unsaturated fatty acid soybean oil, or cottonseed oil. The organic phase is trialkyl tertiary amine. The solvent is methylbenzene, n-hexane, kerosene, n-caprylic alcohol, or N,N'-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In the sulfur recycling process for natural gas with high content of sulfur, the liquid sulfur out of primary, secondary, third and fourth sulfur condensation coolers and the liquid sulfur collector enter a first, second, third, fourth and fifth liquid sulfur sealing tanks and flow to a liquid sulfur pond via a liquid sulfur channel to degas. The degassed liquid sulfur is transmitted to a sulfur forming device via a liquid sulfur pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Unit: The each cultivation processing housing unit comprises plate-shaped object covering bottom face, tray, blade on the surface of roller, and egg inoculation portion. The plate-shaped object has projection portion projected outer side. The organic fertilizer is produced from the excreta of livestock by using the larvae of Musca domestica. The larva discharged from the cultivation processing housing unit is killed and processed as feed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The synthetic medium comprises 5% malt extract and 2% soybean oil. Yucca residue. The Neurospora sitophila FGSC 1135 strain is processed by using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and water at 30 degrees C for 72 hours. The processed material is placed in Erlenmeyer flask, which is rotated at 200 revolutions per minute for 24 hours. The obtained material is filtered and then washed with sterile water. The obtained material is homogenized by using ULTRA-TURRAX T18 (RTM: High-performance dispersing machine) for 30 seconds. Bagasse is also provided, and YM medium is also utilized for producing ethyl hexanoate, which comprises 0.5% peptone, 1% glucose, 0.3% malt extract and 0.3 % yeast extract. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical group consists of sulfonyl group or carboxylic group. The esterification reactor comprises alcohols consisting of t-butanol, isobutanol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isomers of propanol, isomers of butyl and amyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The transcription factor is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus. Preferred Vector: The vector is a high expression vector capable of highly expressing the gene. The vector highly expresses the integrated gene transcribed under the control of promoter, preferably translation elongation factor 1. Preferred Transformant: The transformants are filamentous fungi, preferably A.aculeatus. Preferred Enzyme: The cellulase is at least one chosen from carboxymethyl cellulase 1, cellobiohydrolase I and carboxymethyl cellulase 2, and the xylanase is xylanase Ib. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The substrate is prepared by pulverizing the moon jellyfish and storing the pulverized substrate in refrigerator at -80 to -60 degrees C for 1-60 minutes. The culture process is carried at pH of 8.5-9.25 and temperature of 30-40 degrees C. The pH is adjusted using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mixed raw materials are (in %): crushed garbage (45), grass peat (35), rice hull powder (13), weathered coal powder (5), rice bran (1.5) and composite microbial inoculum (0.5). The composite microbial inoculum (10%) is obtained by culturing microbial inoculum chosen from cellulose decomposition bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, silicate bacteria and actinomycetes in peptone cellulose flat culture medium and potato cellulose flat culture medium and inoculating at 28 degrees C for 3-4 days. The microbial inoculum comprises beneficial bacteria (more than 2.2 billion/g). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the fertilizer is 30:1, water content is 50% and pH value is 7. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Cyano acetate is added to dimethylamine, refluxed, cooled, filtered to obtain N,N-dimethyl acetamide.Preferred Composition: The cyano acetate is fatty acid methyl cyanoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, n-propyl acetate, and/or isopropyl cyanoacetate. The dimethylamine is dimethylamine aqueous solution having mass concentration of 10-40%. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, nitrobenzene or chlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first stage gas distribution system is equipped with a feed gas impingement plate and an inert ceramic ball set up on the upstream of the catalyst bed layer. The second-stage gas distribution system is equipped with an inert ceramic ball layer set up on the downstream of the catalyst bed layer and a brick building vault. The vault is equipped with multiple channels. The feed gas impingement plate comprises a disc and multiple booms. The diameter of the disc is 0.5-1.5 times (preferably 1-1.2 times) of the feed gas inlet inner diameter. The ratio of the length of the boom and the distance of the inert ceramic ball layer of the catalyst bed layer upstream to the disc is 0.2-1 (preferably 0.4-0.7). The curvature of the brick building vault is 60-150 degrees (preferably 80-130 degrees ). The axis of the channels are roughly directs the vault sphere center. The aperture ratio of the curved part of the brick building vault is 1-20 area% (preferably 8-15 area%). The number of layers of the inert ceramic ball layers of the catalyst bed layer upstream is 2-3. The number of layers of the inert ceramic ball layers of the catalyst bed layer downstream is 2-4. The laying height of each layer is 50-300 mm (preferably 80-160 mm). The particle size of the inert ceramic balls is phi 1- phi 80 mm (preferably phi 10- phi 60 mm). The device further comprises a waste heat boiler connected with the downstream reaction product outlet. The waste heat boiler is a horizontal type waste heat boiler, where the downstream reaction product outlet is directly connected with the waste heat boiler via flange or by welding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The parallel part between the sealing pipeline and the gas-liquid separating coalescer is provided with a first control valve. The two ends of the gas-liquid separating coalescer are serially connected with a second control valve. The first control valve and the second control valve are ball valves. The sealing pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge. The gas-liquid separating coalescer is provided with a liquid level gauge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a second nitrogen washing tower connected with outlet of the first nitrogen washing tower. The device comprises a heat exchanger, a first gas-liquid separator, a second gas-liquid separator and a methane rectifying tower. The heat exchanger is provided with multiple liquid channels. The inlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat exchanger. The upper part of the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the bottom of the methane rectifying tower and the lower part of the outlet is connected with the heat exchanger. The upper part of the inlet of the methane rectifying tower is connected with the heat exchanger through a J-T valve and the lower part of the outlet is connected with the heat exchanger. The outlet of the methane rectifying tower is connected to the inlet of a condenser and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the second gas-liquid separator. The upper part of the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected with the heat exchanger and the lower part of the outlet is connected with the methane rectifying tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous resin is AB-8, HZ818, SPD-300, or LSA-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alkane: In the mixed alkane, based on the total amount of the mixed alkane, the content of propane is 90-95% by weight, content of isobutene is 1-8% by weight, content of butane is 1-8 wt.%. The mixing is composed of alkane is propane, isobutene and butane. The propane is R290, the isobutene is R600a, and the butane is R600. Preferred Method: In the refrigeration method, the refrigerating device is an air conditioner, where the refrigeration device uses heavy alkyl benzene as refrigerating machine oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves controlling generation amount of biogas which passed through methane fermentation process, and residence time of hydrogen fermentation process. The deoxidation process involves removing oxygen residual concentration in the biogas after exceeding predetermined reference value and hydrogen gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas plant includes the aerobic-fermentation tank, which is locally separated from the anaerobic-fermentation tank and is connected to the anaerobic-fermentation tank in such a manner that the primary fermentation product can be brought from the anaerobic-fermentation tank into the aerobic-fermentation tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: the method includes carrying out aerobic fermentation of the primary fermentation product using microorganisms after the step (a) and before the step (c). The anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an anaerobic-fermentation tank and the aerobic fermentation is carried out in an aerobic-fermentation tank, which is separated from the anaerobic-fermentation tank. The anaerobic fermentation is carried out using anaerobic-microorganisms that exhibit a doubling time, and the oxidizing agent is added after a residence time of at least 0.3 times of the doubling time. The oxidizing agent is added after a residence time ( Delta tanaerob) of at the most twice the doubling time of the microorganisms. The method includes supplying more amount of oxidizing agent in such a manner that oxygen content on average of a day is less than 5 mg/liter. Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is oxygen. An aerobic residence time ( Delta taerob) is lesser than 4 days preferably less than 2 days. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The ratio of the inner diameter at the most broad portion of the riser reactor pipe to the inner diameter at the most narrow portion of the riser reactor pipe is 1.001:1 to 3.00:1. The ratio of the maximum inner diameter of the bottom section to the maximum inner diameter of the riser reactor pipe is 1.001:1 and 3.00:1. Preferred Process: The solid biomass material as a mixture of solid biomass material and a gas is fed to the riser reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas is chosen from steam, vaporized liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene and naphtha. The weight ratio of catalyst to solid biomass material at the location where the solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor is 1:1-150:1. The fluid hydrocarbon feed is contacted with the catalytic cracking catalyst in the riser reactor. The solid biomass material is supplied to the riser reactor at a location upstream of the location where the fluid hydrocarbon feed is supplied to the riser reactor. The fluid hydrocarbon feed comprises atmospheric gas oil, flashed distillate, vacuum gas oils, coke gas oils, gasoline, naphtha, diesel, kerosene, atmospheric residue and vacuum residue. The cracked products are subsequently fractionated to produce one or more product fractions obtained by fractionation are subsequently hydrodeoxygenated, to obtain hydrodeoxygenated products. The hydrodeoxygenated products are blended with one or more other components, to prepare biofuel and/or biochemical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The powder material for anodes contain metal oxides such as nickel oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Oxygen is generated by reaction of water and oxygen generation substance. The oxygen generation substance is added in an amount of 3-20% with respect to the mass of organic substance. Preferred Arrangement: The sealing unit is equipped with a heat insulating structure. The container main component and lid have heat insulation walls (11d,12a), respectively. A stirring unit (15) is provided for stirring the organic substance supplied into the container main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding hydrogen to the target gas for 2.1 times, until the mole concentration oxygen reaches 2 mol.%, and the mole concentration of carbon monoxide is tripled. The method involves pre-heating the target gas at 100-150 degrees C, until the carbon monoxide content in target gas exceeds 0.001 mol.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is 1.3-3.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. Excess of methane is used. The oxygen is supplied by air. EXAMPLE - Methane, hydrogen chloride and oxygen were reacted together over a catalyst to produce chlorinated methane products. The catalyst comprised copper (40 mol.%), potassium (30 mol.%), sodium (10 mol.%) and lead (20 mol.%). The catalyst was prepared from the corresponding nitrate salts by exposing the mix to hydrogen chloride for several hours at an elevated temperature. During the experiment, the reactor temperature was maintained between 450-453 degrees C and the pressure was kept at 1 atmosphere. Under steady state conditions, 16.8% of the methane was converted by methyl chloride, 8.6% to methylene chloride, 3.3% to chloroform, 0.2% to carbon tetrachloride and 71.2% remained reacted. No carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide was detected in the effluent gases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heat treatment zone is maintained at preferably 1200-1250 degrees C. The heat treatment zone comprises: a first heat treatment zone for thermal treatment of tar contained in the gas mixture to produce a less tar containing gas mixture; and a second heat treatment zone for thermal treatment of tar contained in the less tar containing gas mixture to produce hot syngas. The first reaction zone provides a linear velocity of flow of the tar containing syngas oxygen mixture greater than 5 meters per second, preferably greater than 50 meters per second at an exit of the first reaction zone. The gas mixture from the first reaction zone impinges on a surface in less than 2 seconds, preferably less than 0.1 second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, where a linear velocity of a flow of the tar containing syngas oxygen mixture at an exit of the first reaction zone is greater than 5 meters per second. The process further comprises introducing at least a portion of hot syngas into the first reaction zone. The ratio of linear velocity to height of the heat treatment zone is 0.3:12.5 to 2.0:2.5. The tar concentration equivalent content of the hot syngas is maintained at less than 10 ppm through control of the temperature and/or the contact time. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves preprocessing or filtering the collected effluent using ultraviolet radiation (UV) for 3-5 minutes. The effluent is filtered using 0.1-0.3 mu filter. The UV radiation is UV-B. The fatty acid is C18:1. The fatty acid is oleic acid. The microalgae are chlorella. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding industrial desalted water into the first stage of crystallization dissolving groove through reverse osmosis membrane device, dissolving the mixed urea crystals, adding the crystals into fourth level crystallizer, and adding water to the crystals to obtain urea solution. The weight ratio of urea and purified water is 0.482. The temperature difference of second grade crystallizer is 5-12 degrees C, and temperature difference of first and second grade crystallizer is 100 degrees C. The temperature of the fourth crystallizer 60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of 2,6-dichloropyridine, nitric acid and sulfamic acid is 1-1.2:1-10:0.01-1, preferably 1:1-5:0.01-0.5, more preferably 1:1-5:0.01-0.1 respectively. The mass percentage of nitric acid is 30-90%. The mass percentage of 2,6-dichloropyridine is 3-10%. The ratio of nitric acid and catalyst is 3-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass fuel comprises (in part by wt.) house refuse (30), kitchen waste (10), drainage sludge (20), human and livestock excrements (20) and agricultural and forestry waste (20). The fuel further comprises a desulfurizing agent comprising lime and/or gypsum. The ratio of the use amount of the desulfurizing agent to the sulfur content in the fuel is (1.2:1)-(1.8:1), preferably 1.5:1. The biomass fuel is honeycomb-shaped, spherical, strip-shaped or of other irregular shapes. Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises separately collecting the raw materials and adding into collecting pools, collecting at least one of the pine barks, the pine branches and the pine leaves, crushing, mixing and heating to 115-170 degrees C, separately introducing evaporated high-temperature rosin steam into the collecting pools from their bottom parts for deodorizing and sterilizing for 24-48 hours. In the step (a), the total amount of the pine barks, the pine branches and/or the pine leaves is 1/50-1/100 of the weight of the material in the collecting pool, the heating temperature is 130-150 degrees C, the treatment time of the house refuse, the kitchen waste, the drain sludge and the human and livestock excrements is 24-48 hours, 32-36 hours, 32-42 hours and 42-48 hours respectively. The step (b) comprises sorting the house refuse and the kitchen waste for removing the plastic and the rigid substances; crushing the sorted raw materials to 1-2 cm, and maintaining the moisture content to 35-45%. In the step (d), the kneading device is a kneading mill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The conductive connection piece is a stainless steel tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: There are more than two adsorption towers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Removal of sodium mercaptobenzothiazole impurity comprises reacting (g) (7-amino-3-(triazanaphthalene flunarizine) thiomethyl-4-cephalosporanic acid) (100), (2-methoxyimino-2-(2-amino-4-thiazol-yl)-(Z)-thioacetic acid benzothiazole ester) (110), and 1300 mL acetonitrile for 8 hours at 5-7 degrees C, adding 100 mL triethylamine at 5-7 degrees C, pouring the material liquid in 1600 mL water after the reaction is completed, adjusting the pH value to 7.2, separating out yellow solid impurity 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, stirring for 1 hour, filtering, washing the impurity by 600 mL water, decoloring the filtrate by activated carbon, using 2N hydrochloric acid for adjusting the pH value to 2.5, separating out the solid, crystallizing for 1 hour, filtering, and washing to obtain white (6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazol-yl)-2-(methoxyimine) acetamino)-3-(((2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-acridine (4,2,0) oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal iodide is sodium iodide or potassium iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The system further comprises a pH adjuster configured to adjust pH of the oil emulsion prior to separation by the second separator. The pH adjuster is further configured to adjust the pH of the oil emulsion to 8.0 to 8.5. The second separator is configured to separate at least 1.33 pounds of oil from the whole stillage generated from processing a bushel of corn for ethanol. The evaporator is further configured to condense the clarified stillage to at least 60% solids. The second dryer is further configured to dry the protein paste to generate the high protein animal feed product with at least 45% protein. The second separator is further configured to i) separate oil with at least 97% fat; ii) separate oil with moisture (less than 1 wt./wt.%) and insolubles (less than 1 wt./wt.%); iii) separate oil with less than free fatty acid content (5 wt./wt.%). The three phase separator is a disk nozzle centrifuge, where the first separator is a screening centrifuge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adjusting pH of the oil emulsion prior to separating the oil. The adjusting involves adjusting pH of the oil emulsion to 8.0 to 8.5. At least around 1.33 pounds of oil is separated from the whole stillage generated from processing a bushel of corn for ethanol. The method further involves combining at least some portion of the protein paste with the high fiber wet cake. The condensing involves condensing the syrup to at least about 60% solids. The high protein animal feed product comprises protein (at least about 45%). The oil comprises fat (at least about 97%); moisture content (less than 1 wt./wt.%); insolubles (less than 1 wt./wt.%); free fatty acid content (less than about 5 wt./wt.%). The whole stillage is separated using a screening centrifuge, and where the thin stillage liquid portion is separated using a three phase disk nozzle centrifuge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrocarbon-containing liquid is obtained from a fisher tropsch oil. The first particle size reduction step is carried out using a hammer mill or roller mill. The mixing step and the second particle size reduction step are carried out simultaneously in a colloid mixer or extruder (114). The process further comprises a torrefaction step in between the first particle size reduction step and the mixing step, where the first particulate product is torrefied. The cracked products are subsequently fractionated to produce product fractions (134, 136, 138, 140). The product fractions obtained by fractionation are subsequently hydrodeoxygenated to obtain hydrodeoxygenated products (144). The product fractions/the hydrodeoxygenated product fractions are blended with one or more other components to prepare a biofuel and/or a biochemical. Preferred Components: The first particulate product has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size (S1) and the second particulate product has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size (S2), where (S2) is smaller than (S1). The first particulate product (80 wt.%) has a particle size of less than or equal to 300 mu m and second particulate product (80 wt.%) has a particle size of less than or equal to 100 mu m. The hydrocarbon-containing liquid comprises straight run (atmospheric) gas oils, flashed distillate, vacuum gas oils, coker gas oils, naphtha (116), diesel, kerosene, atmospheric residue (long residue) and/or vacuum residue (short residue). The solid biomass material used in the first particle size reduction is a torrefied solid biomass material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The vessels used in the drying and torrefaction zones are moving bed reactors (preferred), fluid bed reactors or jet mill reaction vessels. The gasification zone is a fluid bed gasification zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature of the drying zone is 200-350 degrees C, preferably 225-320 degrees C. The temperature of the torrefaction zone is 225-320 degrees C. At least 98 wt.%, preferably all of the moisture is removed from the biomass in the drying zone. The residence time of the biomass in the drying zone is 10-60 minutes. The biomass is comminuted to an average particle size of 0.1-3 inches. The torrefied biomass is reduced to a particle size of 1-500 microns. Preferred Components: The biomass is a lignocellulosic material comprising sugar cane bagasse or sugar beet tailings. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a equal molar combination of zinc oxide and alumina that is treated at 800-1000 degrees C for 24-48 hours, then treated with base, washed, air dried, and then treated with 0.1-20 wt.% of a chlorosilane in a hydrocarbon solvent. The catalyst is an alumina-based catalyst that is treated with an aqueous base solution, washed with water, dried, reacted with at least one chlorosilane (0.1-20 wt.%), washed with a hydrocarbon solvent and air dried. The base is sodium or potassium hydroxide. The catalyst is zinc aluminate. The catalyst is a gamma -alumina catalyst which is modified by reaction with base and an organosilane. The purge gas is nitrogen and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of heating for the dehydration is performed at 300-420 degrees C, preferably 360-385 degrees C. Preferred Components: The chlorosilane is: triphenylchlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane or phenyltrichlorosilane; or at least one trialkylchlorosilane comprising dialkyldichlorosilane and alkyltrichlorosilane. The alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, iso-butyl and/or up to 20C alkyl chains. The zinc aluminate is obtained by recycling of spent catalyst at 800-1100 degrees C and then 900-1000 degrees C for 4-24 hours or 16 hours of heating, all in the presence of nitrogen or air. EXAMPLE - A catalyst was prepared from 7-alumina powder (300 g) and was modified with base wash, dried, and then modified by treatment with 2 wt.% of diphenylsilane dichlorosilane in hexanes. The modified alumina (-280 g) was air dried and loaded into the fix-bed continuous flow reactor and heated to 380 degrees C. All runs were performed by feeding bio-1-butanol including 18 wt.% of water at a rate of 0.8 ml/minute at a pressure of 30 psig created with flow restriction to maintain adequate flow stability with the HPLC pump, and worked up to produce bio-1-butene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using the mixture which is a hydrolyzate. The method involves using the mixture which further comprises glucose and/or cellobiose, where the glucose is less than or equal to 30 g/l of the mixture. The hydrolyzate is subjected to saccharification either before or simultaneously with the method. The method is performed under conditions suitable for fermentation of at least a portion of the glucose and/or cellobiose to ethanol. The method is performed under conditions of oxygen limitation, where the oxygen is less than or equal to 2.1% in the mixture. Preferred Organism: The yeast cell is S.passalidarum NN245, deposited with the agricultural research service as deposit number NRRL Y-50740. The yeast cell is adapted for growth in hydrolyzate, where the hydrolyzate is an enzymatic or acid hydrolyzate, preferably acid hydrolyzate and is obtained from corn stover, grain hulls, corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse, wood chips, wood pulp, softwood, hardwood, pine, loblolly pine, maple, switchgrass (Pancium virgatum), Miscanthus, date palm (Phoenix dectylifera), oil palm, Sorghum, or Arundo donax. The yeast is adapted to growth in higher concentrations of acid than S.passalidarum NN245. The yeast is adapted to at least 3 g/l acetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The catalyst separator unit is arranged to separate the catalyst (at least 98 wt.%) from the vapor product stream to provide the de-catalyzed vapor product stream. The catalyst separating unit comprises several primary cyclonic separators in series. The cyclonic residue separator and the primary cyclonic separators are arranged such that the cyclonic residue separator operates at a gas velocity which is higher than the gas velocities of the primary cyclonic separators. The cyclonic residue separator has a lower cut point and/or leads to a lower remaining average particle size than the primary cyclonic separators.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step a), the separation of catalyst from the vapor product stream involves passing the vapor product stream through several primary cyclonic separators linked in series. In step b), the cyclonically separating solid biomass residue involves: bringing the de-catalyzed vapor product stream to a peak gas velocity. The method involves separating catalyst from the vapor product stream in step a) to achieve a primary average particle size in the de-catalyzed vapor product stream, and cyclonically separating solid biomass residue from the de-catalyzed vapor product stream in step b) to achieve an average particle size in the purified vapor product stream that is lower than the primary average particle size. The method involves separating catalyst from the vapor product stream in step a) to achieve a primary average particle size in the de-catalyzed vapor product stream of 10-50 microns. The method involves separating the catalyst (at least 98 wt.%) from the vapor product stream to provide the de-catalyzed vapor product stream in step a). In method (M2), the biomass is contacted with the catalytic cracking catalyst at more than 400 degrees C in the presence of a fluid hydrocarbon co-feed. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises one or more fungi, preferably from Basidiomycetes class, and optionally a pH regulator. Preferred Kit: The kit of parts further comprises one or more fungi, preferably from Basidiomycetes class. The polyphenol-resistant bacterium is selected from Bacilli class, preferably from Bacillus genus. The fungi are from Phanerochaete genus. Moreover, the kit of parts comprises enzymes selected from proteases, amylases, alcalases and neutrases or mixtures; a cocktail of at least four bacteria, preferably comprising Rhodococcus erythropolis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and five bacteria from Bacilli genus; a pH regulator; nutrients for the polyphenol-resistant bacterium; and one or more gram-positive bacterium or one or more gram-negative bacterium. Preferred Process: The treatment of waste products produced by oil mills comprises the preliminary step of preparing a medium suitable for the growth of the bacterium. The fungi (3) are added from 30-70 days after the beginning of the step (a), preferably from 40-60 days after the beginning of the step (a). EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The hydrogenated aromatic compound is hydride of aromatic compound chosen from benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene and anthracene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Apple press residue is subjected to ethanol fermentation suppression process, and apple press residue is supplied to fermentation tank. Addition amount of contents is adjusted so that pH of fermentation tank for 2nd stage may not be less than or equal to 6. Preferred Conditions: Fermentation in tank occurs under anaerobic condition or low oxygen condition. Fermentation tank has temperature of 35-39 degrees C and pH of 5-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fuel oil composition comprises at least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer and at least one polyalkylmethacrylate polymer of 100-5000 parts per million by weight. The fuel oil composition comprises ethylene-vinyl ester and polyalkylmethacrylate polymer in a weight ratio of 1:8-8:1. The fuel oil composition further comprises one or more co-additives, preferably additional cold-flow additive. Preferred Components: The polyalkylmethacrylate polymer is obtained from monomer of formula: CH2=C-(CH3)-COOR1 (I).R1=4-16C alkyl, preferably 14C alkyl, more preferably 12C alkyl.The polyalkylmethacrylate polymer has number-average molecular weight of 1500-6000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with reference to polystyrene standards. At least one ethylene-vinyl ester polymer comprises copolymer of ethylene and vinyl ester, where the copolymer has vinyl ester content of 5-25, preferably 10-20 mol.%. The ethylene-vinyl ester polymer comprises terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and branched-chain ester chosen from vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and vinyl neoundecanoate. The co-additive comprises oil-soluble and hydrogenated block diene polymer. The co-additive is chosen from lubricity additive, antioxidants, electrical conductivity improving additive, metal deactivators and demulsifiers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur absorbent material contains iron and activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-adsorbed product stream contains 90 mol% of methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The algae is grown in a coal bed methane water to reduce alkalinity of water, where the algae being grown in the coal bed methane water consumes carbon dioxide present in the coal bed methane water, the regeneration brine is from water used in growing halophytes and/or salt tolerant algae, and the nitrogen feed mixture is applied and consumed by the halophytes and/or salt tolerant algae to restore the regeneration brine to be reused in the water purification process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ion exchange decontamination process includes the use of an anion exchange media or a cation exchange media. The decontamination process is the removal of nitrates and nitrites using the ion exchange, preferably anion exchange media, where the decontamination process is the removal of ammonium using the ion exchange, preferably the cation exchange media. The contaminated water is collected from a drinking water source. Preferred Components: The nitrogen waste comprises nitrates, nitrites, and/or ammonium. The nitrogen waste brine is produced by the removal of the nitrate wastes from the anion exchange media and the cation exchange media with a regeneration brine. The regeneration brine is a brine comprising a predominantly chloride brine, ammonium sulfate brine, or ammonium hydroxide brine. The regeneration brine is from a water purification process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The strong alkali is sodium hydroxide. The ammonia removal method further involves neutralizing the liquid component using hydrochloric acid. The ammonia contained in the hot water component is gasified at temperature lower than the boiling point of hot water component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas separation unit comprises a pressure swing adsorption (18) or membrane system, auto-thermal reformer, preferably together with a pressure swing adsorption. The first synthesis gas is obtained through a gasification of biomass or natural gas, preferably coal with oxygen containing gas. Preferred Method: The obtained methanol product is supplied for further processing. The methanol-main reactors are water-cooled, air-cooled or adiabatically operated. The method makes use of two methanol-main reactors, where the first methanol-main reactor is operated in water cooled manner, in a flow direction and the second methanol-main reactor is operated in a gas cooled manner, in a flow direction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The grass is from city greening lawn. The cutting length of the grass is 2-5 cm. The EM microbial inoculum comprises lactic acid bacteria and microzyme. A mass ratio of the grass and the EM microbial inoculum is 500:1. The manually turning step comprises turning the temperature to 50 degrees C in a timely manner that is each 3 days turns for 1 time in the 1st week, after that turns every week for 1 time. The fermentation device has a length of 1.5 m, a width of 1.5 m and a height of 1 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The four sides and the bottom of the main body are respectively paved with an impermeable layer. The water collection pipe is arranged below the water distribution tank. Two sides of the water distribution tank are provided with reinforcing water distribution material. A water distribution pipe is arranged in the water distribution tank, and fillers are filled outside the water distribution pipe in the water distribution tank. The pipeline is arranged in a bent manner in the infiltration bed. The pipeline is parallely arranged in the infiltration bed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heavy metal is cadmium. Preferred Process: The heavy metals are collected from the lignin-containing component after adsorbing heavy metals containing cadmium from lignin-containing component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The shape of the component is sheet form or aggregated form. The lignin adsorbs heavy metal. Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is an aqueous emulsion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The composition is aqueous solution comprising gas supersaturated water that produces micro bubble by physical stimulation. The physical stimulation is provided by 0.03-5 W/cm2 of ultrasonic irradiation with a frequency of 1-3.4 MHz. The composition further comprises drug, where the drug is dissolved in the gas supersaturated water. Preferred Components: The gas is at least one chosen from fluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, noble gas, chlorine, methane, propane, butane, nitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide and ozone. The gas supersaturated water is solution containing cell with equal osmotic pressure. Preferred Method: The gas supersaturated water is manufactured at temperature lower than 37 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is potassium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out: at a temperature of 30-50 degrees C and a pressure of 1-5 bar; and using a halogenated or unhalogenated aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon, and an organic solvent. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is 1,2-dichloroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: (i) drying Cinchona bark; pulverizing through a 60 meshes sieve; soaking in a strong base, i.e., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide solution (concentration 3%); ultra-sonicating Cinchona bark tissue cells; and filtering and pressure-drying to obtain bark powder; (ii) extracting Cinchona powder by using industrial methanol or an industrial alcoholic solvent; filtering, vacuum concentrating to obtain a liquid extract; completely dispersing the liquid extract in water; adjusting pH to 3.5 by using concentrated sulfuric acid; extracting and removing fat soluble impurities by using 1/2 volume of dichloroethane (dichloromethane, trichloromethane or other low carbon halohydrocarbon); (iii) adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase obtained by extracting to 7 by using a strong base, i.e., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide solution (concentration 5%); precipitating quinine sulfate; filtering to obtain coarse-grains; and performing carbinol recrystallization to obtain quinine sulfate fine product; (iv) continuing to adjust the pH of the filtrate obtained from the step (iii) to 12 by using concentrated aqueous ammonia and precipitating the crystals; filtering to obtain other Cinchona total alkaloids; and (v) processing column chromatography of the quinine total alkaloids; and performing gradient elution by using petroleum ether: ethyl acetate in a ratio of 9:1-7:3 to successively obtain quinidine, cinchonidine and cinchonine as the main products respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In step (b), the material obtained in step (a) is further mixed with a sponge-forming material as a filler which satisfies the proportion of domestic wastes volume:ripened compost:sponge-forming material of 50:20:30. Preferred Components: The beds in step (c) have triangle cross section with an unlimited length. The sponge-forming material is pieces of chopped wood, straw, bagasse, or finely chopped corn stalks. The proportion of the green waste to the ripened humus compost is 80:20 in volume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chemical name of chiral amine is (S,S)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propylene glycol. The amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10-30%. The extraction of solvent is petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, toluene or methylene dichloride. The washing of organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, toluene or methylene dichloride. The recrystallizing solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid biomass material is fed to the riser reactor as a mixture of solid biomass material and steam. The riser reactor comprises a riser reactor pipe having a diameter that increases in a downstream direction. In the process, a fluid hydrocarbon feed (110) is fed into the riser reactor. The solid biomass material is supplied at the bottom of the riser reactor. The riser reactor comprises a bottom section (106) and a riser reactor pipe, where the bottom section has a larger diameter than the riser reactor pipe. The external riser reactor comprises a riser reactor pipe, which is curved at the end or which riser reactor pipe has a low velocity zone at its upper end. The riser reactor pipe is connected via the curve or low velocity zone to a downstream crossover pipe. The fluid hydrocarbon feed is introduced to the riser reactor at a location where the solid biomass material already had a residence time of 0.1-1 seconds. The ratio between the residence time for the solid biomass material to the residence time for the fluid hydrocarbon feed lies at 1.01:1-2:1. The solid biomass material is introduced to the riser reactor at a location with temperature (T1) and the fluid hydrocarbon feed is introduced to the riser reactor at a location with temperature (T2), where the temperature (T1) is higher than temperature (T2). The cracked products are subsequently fractionated to produce at least one product fractions. The product fractions obtained by fractionation are subsequently hydrodeoxygenated to obtain at least one hydrodeoxygenated products. The product fractions are blended with at least one other component to prepare a biofuel and/or a biochemical. The hydrodeoxygenated product fractions are blended with at least one other component to prepare a biofuel and/or a biochemical. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The sewage treatment unit is further provided with the return mechanism in which the sludge stored by the sludge storage tank is returned to the pre-processing tank. The sewage treatment unit is further provided with backwashing apparatus for backwashing the carrier of the carrier filtration tank. The downward direction of the carrier filtration tank is connected to the aerobic-treatment tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first composition incorporates a mixture of yttrium endowed zirconium dioxide and nickel. The second composition incorporates lanthanum manganate endowed strontium. The third composition incorporates zirconium dioxide endowed yttrium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The incomplete combustion of the kernel wood with the limestone and drying of the kernel powder obtained, the dry kernel powder can be directly used as heating product. The kernel wood is directly mixed with starch and then with hot water, and then is conveyed to a press and a dryer of the closed air circuit type, to provide the final product. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves: adjusting the pH of the pretreated biomass solids to a pH of 4-7.5. The biomass originates from softwood, hardwood, or an herbaceous plant. The enzyme-treated biomass is stored at -30 degrees C to 50 degrees C. The pretreated biomass solids are densified to form a pulp cake, sheet, roll, slab or block. The method further involves separating the pretreatment liquor from the pretreated biomass solids; adjusting the pH of the pretreated biomass solids to a pH of 4-7.5 to form a pH-adjusted pretreated biomass; adding hydrolysis enzymes to the pH-adjusted pretreated biomass solids to form an enzyme-treated biomass; densifying the enzyme-treated biomass to a solids content of 20-90% by removing liquid to form a densified enzyme-treated biomass; and storing the densified enzyme-treated biomass. The method further involves washing the pretreated biomass solids with water before adjusting the pH; mixing the pretreated biomass solids with the pretreatment liquor before adjusting the pH. The sugars produced by the hydrolysis are fermented with at least one fermentation organisms to produce a fermentation product. Preferred Components: The hydrolysis enzymes are selected from cellulase, beta-glucosidase, xylanase, and/or other hemicellulases. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The gene is orthologous to an Arabidopsis thalianagene comprising SEQ ID NOs. 5, 49, 53, (all preferred), 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 51, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, or 105. The polysaccharide is glucomannan and the expression of a gene orthologous to SEQ ID NO. 49 are reduced. The mutant or transgenic plant is Amorphophallus konjacand the gene is SEQ ID NO. 109. The mutant or transgenic plant is a mutant plant. The reduced expression of the gene or reduced activity of the protein encoded by the gene in the transgenic plant is: a result of a mutation in the gene; or the RNAi-inducing vector or the antisense RNA construct. The mutation in the gene was the result of targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) or T-DNA insertion. The mutant or transgenic plant is a transgenic plant. The transgenic plant further comprises an RNAi-inducing vector or an antisense RNA construct. The mutant or transgenic plant is Zea mays, Oryza sativay, Sorghum bicolor, Populus trichocarpa, Picea sitchensis, Panicum virgatum, Miscanthus giganteusy, Brachypodium distanchyon, and Amorphophallus konjac. The RNAi-inducing vector is stably transformed in the plant. The plant is Amorphophallus konjacand the construct contains the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO. 111, where sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published-pct-sequences/publication
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-generating agent further contains 0.1 part weight or more of magnesium compound. The active charcoal powder is Japanese-cedar coppiced timber, coconut husk, diatomaceous earth, flower, sawdust, tofu less, chaff and/or rice bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In manufacturing biodiesel fuel, the microorganisms originate or belong to Streptomyces genus. The biomass feedstock is a waste material. Esterification is methyl-esterification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: During the process: minerals such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as other components of the input material, are preserved; the process converts the waste to a dry product rather than ash or other hydrocarbons; and the temperatures used are sufficient to eliminate pathogens. The mineral mix acting as a catalyst comprises at least two minerals and supports the process by: keeping the heat treatment process to under 5 hours depending on the moisture content of the input material; controlling odors; improving the stability of the final product in terms of microbial attack; and creating an improved soil enrichment product from the final product of the process, either as a soil enrichment product itself or as a component used in the production of soil conditioners. The process is powered by renewable energy sources and/or an energy efficient process such as use of heat transfer oil. Preferred Components: The mineral mix is based on the adsorbent and absorbent capacity of some minerals, and comprises at least one of: carbon, those in the category of aluminosilicates and those containing iron, calcium and magnesium, and suitable other minerals with high cationic exchange capacity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain used in the step (f) is Pichia stipitis or Candida shehatae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The enzymatic hydrolysis and ethyl fermentation step are realized simultaneously at 30-45 degrees C and at pH of 4-6. The separation step of the cake is carried out downstream steps (c) and/or (d) and is optionally coupled to wash the cake. The spent liquors sent to the fermentation step (f) have a concentration of 30-90 g/l of pentoses or fermentable products. The flow containing the spent liquors is sent to downstream of the pre-treatment step before being sent towards the step of fermentation (f). The total spent liquors are sent to the step of fermentation (f) and the portion of the flow containing the ethyl pentose wine, which is not recycled downstream of the pretreatment step, is sent to a step of separating water/solvent being sent to the extraction step (e). The part of the spent liquors is sent to the step of fermentation of ethyl pentoses. The pretreatment step is acidic and the pentoses fermented in the step of (f) from a flow are directly extracted after the pretreatment step. The pentoses fermented in step (f) are based on the both spent liquor and flow extracted directly after the pretreating step when it is acidic. Preferred Components: The pentoses fermented in the step (f) are contained in the spent liquors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain used in the step of (f) is Clostridium and obtained butyl wine including acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) or isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanolic fermentation step are realized simultaneously at 30-45 degrees C and at pH of 4-6. The separation step of the cake is carried out downstream steps of (c) and/or (d), and is optionally coupled to wash the cake. The spent liquors sent to the fermentation step of (f) have a concentration of 30-90 g/l of pentose or fermentable products. The flow containing the spent liquors is sent to downstream of the pre-treatment step before being sent towards the step of fermentation. The total ethylic wine is sent to the butylic fermentation step and the portion of the flow containing the butylic wine which is not recycled downstream of the pretreatment step that is sent to a separation step of water/solvent before being sent to the extraction step (e). The part of ethylic wine is sent to the step of butylic fermentation. The pretreatment step is a flow directly extracted after the pretreatment step. The pentoses fermented in step (f) are based on the both spent liquor and flow extracted directly after the pretreating step. Preferred Components: The pentoses fermented in the step (f) are contained in the spent liquors. In extracting step (e), solvents (0.1-20 g/l), butanol (0.1-15 g/l) and ethanol (10-150 g/l) are used. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium oxide electrode is nanoporous titanium oxide electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Enzyme: The beta -glucosidase is derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. The polynucleotide encoding beta -glucosidase has amino acid substitution of threonine by alanine at position 74 and amino acid substitution of valine by alanine at position 275 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. Preferred Molecule: The expression vector further comprises translational fusion partner (TFP). The transformant is capable of producing bioethanol. Preferred Cell: The host cell is Zymomonas mobilis strain, yeast strain or Bacillus strain. Preferred Components: The substrate is glucoside, oligosaccharide or the biomass. The substrate is at least one chosen from maltose, trehalose, sucrose, turanose, lactose, cellobiose, maltotriose, raffinose and kestose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In treating organic materials to produce methane gas, the reaction time in the reaction stages in the liquefaction process is 0.05-55 seconds, preferably 10-30 seconds, and the reaction temperature in the reaction stages in the liquefaction process is between 290 and 370 degrees C, preferably 300-350 degrees C. The organic feedstock is combined with liquid water before and/or during the liquefaction by addition of hot compressed liquid water. The separation is made at a temperature of at most 200 degrees C. If more than one reaction stage is used in step (a) the temperature in each reaction stage is the same or increasing for each subsequent stage. The organic feedstock is selected from vegetations and wastes, where the organic feedstock is lignocellulosic biomass or waste comprising polymers. The organic feedstock is selected from wastes from agriculture, sewage treatments, slaughterhouses, food industry, restaurants and households; plastics; cardboard; paper; manure; corn; rice; rice husk; wood; stumps; roots; straw; hemp; salix; reed; nutshells; sugar cane; bagasse; grass; sugar beet; wheat; barley; rye; oats; potato; tapioca; rice; and algae; or any combination. The liquefaction process is performed in at least one batch reactor or at least one flow reactor. The hot compressed water is injected into a batch reactor by one cycle or repeated cycles; a series of batch reactors by one cycle or by repeated cycles; or a flow reactor by one cycle. The liquefaction process at temperature of 280-374 degrees C is preceeded by a pretreatment step at a temperature of about 230-280 degrees C for a time period of between 1 second and 2 minutes. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The purified gas is cooled with a heat exchanger after oxygen remaining in the purified gas is converted into water. Hydrogen is electrolyzed to obtain water. The catalyst layer space velocity of purified gas added with hydrogen is 7000 hour-1 or less (excluding 0). The addition amount of hydrogen is two or more by molar ratio with respect to oxygen amount remaining in purified gas. The hydrogen supplier is a water electrolysis apparatus (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Nucleic Acid: The isolated nucleic acid further comprises a heterologous promoter operably linked to drive expression of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3; or (b) the nucleotide sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3, or to the fully complementary nucleotide sequence. Preferred Yeast: The recombinant yeast is of the genus Saccharomyces, preferably of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant yeast further comprises XYL1, XYL2 and XYL3 genes. The isolated nucleic acid is a portion of an extrachromosomal vector stably maintained in the recombinant yeast. The isolated nucleic acid is integrated into a chromosome of the recombinant yeast. The isolated nucleic acid is operably linked to a heterologous promoter and further comprising XYL1, XYL2 and XYL3 genes. The recombinant yeast is of the species S. cerevisiae and the XYL1, XYL2 and XYL3 genes are from Pichia stipitis. The isolated nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 for Cten aldo/keto reductase (CtAKR). Preferred Method: Alternatively, producing ethanol by fermentation of xylose in yeast comprises: (a) culturing under ethanol-producing conditions a recombinant yeast comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding an aldo/keto reductase (AKR) or a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes under stringent conditions to the isolated nucleic acid encoding AKR, or to a fully complementary nucleotide sequence, and (b) isolating ethanol produced by the recombinant yeast. The isolated nucleic acid is operably linked to a heterologous promoter. The AKR is from Candida tenuis, P. stipitis, Spathaspora passalidarum, or S. cerevisiae. Preferred Strain: In the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain, the isolated nucleic acid encoding the AKR is from C. tenuis, P. stipitis, S. passalidarum, or S. cerevisiae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The base oil is white oil. The repellent agent is capsaicin (preferred) or piperine. The repelling composition comprises 1-2 wt.% of olefin copolymer as a component of the tackifying polymer. The thickening agent is an inorganic or organic thickener, where the inorganic thickener is fumed silica (preferred), clay or polytetrafluoroethylene, and the organic thickener is fatty acid complexes of aluminum, lithium, calcium, calcium sulfonate, sodium and/or titanium. The tackifying polymer is polyisobutylene, polyalphaolefin, polybutene or ethylene/propylene copolymer. The solubility improving additive is ethanol (preferred), hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, ethyl ether, acetonitrile or acetone. The repelling composition comprises: 83.9 wt.% of white oil, 10 wt.% of fumed silica, 5 wt.% of a tackifying polymer including polybutene, ethylene/propylene copolymer or polyisobutylene, 1 wt.% of ethanol, and 0.075 wt.% of capsaicin; or 82.9 wt.% of white base oil, 10 wt.% of a fumed silica, 5 wt.% of polyalphaolefin, 1 wt.% of olefin copolymer, 1 wt.% of ethanol, and 0.075 wt.% of capsaicin. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent; Animal Repellent.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The soil is gotten from different soil layers on vertical section. Preferred Method: The method I comprises taking soil (50 parts by weight (pbw)), original sawdust (25 pbw) and rice husk (25 pbw), uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture, and roasting the mixture under high temperature at 105-125 degrees C for 8 hours after drying, and forming the mixture to state of brick and then natural cooling and crushing the mixture to obtain the goal product. The method II further comprises taking soil conditioner (30 pbw), fresh poultry feather (30 pbw), sawdust (30 pbw) and rice bran (30 pbw), stirring and accumulating the mixture, turning the mixture for every 3-4 days and watering the mixture to cool, keeping the warming at 45 degrees C, and preserving the mixture for more than 30 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The microbe enzyme agent is added to the bottom of the water without any heating or stirring to produce the fermentation and decomposition of the plant in water and sewage at the bottom of water using solar energy and microbes. The ice layer is melted to enlarge the oxygen supply and ensure the continuation of fermentation under heat, when the sewage at the bottom of water is decomposed. The water below ice layer increases because of generation of heat fermentation. The fermentation is gradually stopped over a period of time and then generated in the second day along with illumination of sunshine to continuously decompose the sewage at the bottom of water. The microbe secretes functional group and floccules while decomposing the organic matter in water, forms a large molecular group with heavy metal of powder substance in water, and deposits the heavy metal to purify the water thus inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria during fermenting reaction process and improving the self-clean ability of water for the water coming in the next spring and summer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves heating and evaporating the product at 100-150 degrees C for 10-30 minutes. The method involves performing pyrolysis step at 270-450 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The post treatment comprises adding water to heat and dissolve formamide solvent mixture of nylon crude product, reducing temperature to crystallize to prepare formamide solvates, and reacting with ethyl acetate and formamide is carried out to obtain high purity gefitinib. The heating temperature is 50-100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The formamide solvent mixture is mixture of formamide and ethyl acetate. The formamide solvent mixture in A and ethyl acetate volume ratio is 1:50-50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The preparation of chitin organic based fertilizer comprises: (i) setting earthworm cultivating belt with 5 meters long and 1.5 meters wide and cultivating earthworm of 24000-30000/m2; (ii) uniformly spreading the cow dung in 3-4 m3 and powder residue i.e. potato powder of weight ratio 5:1-2 on earthworm cultivating belt, then spreading the marine organism residues in 0.4 m3 at 20-40 degrees C and humidity 60-70%. Preferred Components: Applying of chitin organic based fertilizer utilizes radiation channel and annular channel. The annular channel and crown outline is vertical to ground reflecting outline. The depth of the annular channel is 30-40 cm and the width is 20-30 cm. The distance of the radiation channel from the stem is 20-30 cm and is outwardly extended into the annular channel. The depth of the radiation channel is 30-40 cm, the width is 20-30 cm and number of the radiation channel is 4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the step (a): the phosphorus-containing compound is phosphoric acid; and the phosphorus-promoted ZSM-5 component has a pH of 3.5. The process further comprises: prior to step (b), calcining the phosphorus promoted ZSM-5 component; calcining the shaped bodies; and washing the shaped bodies to adjust to a pH of 8. In step (b): the silica-containing binder comprises kaolin, silicic acid, polysilicic acid and/or silica gel; and the silica-containing binder is derived from silicic acid, sodium silicate and/or silica gel. In the process, one or both of the silica-containing binder and shaped bodies are free of amorphous alumina. The process-I further comprises: prior to step (d), washing the shaped bodies to adjust to a pH of 8; and prior to step (d), calcining the shaped bodies. In step (d), the reactor is a fluidized bed reactor. EXAMPLE - ZSM-5 powder (30 wt.%) was slurried in water at 35% solids. The slurry was stirred for 15 minutes to disperse the powder at 20-25 degrees C. Then, phosphoric acid (56-85 wt.%) was added to the slurry and mixed for 5 minutes, and the pH was checked to 1.8-2.5 and adjusted to 4.0 plus minus 0.2 with ammonium hydroxide solution. The slurry was mixed for 15 minutes to obtain the final slurry. The slurry was spray dried at 130-140 degrees C and 340-370 degrees C, and at feed pressure of 500 pounds per square inch. The resulting powder was calcined at 600 degrees C for 4 hours in muffle furnace and worked up to obtain the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic material comprises iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic particles comprise polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hafnium oxide has a content of greater than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%. The chromium oxide has a content of greater than 30 wt.%, preferably greater than 50 wt.%. The zirconium oxide has a content of greater than 10 wt.%, preferably greater than 30 wt.%. The zirconium oxide (at least 20 wt.%, preferably at least 60 wt.%) is stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form. The total content of chromium oxide, hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide is greater than 85 wt.%. The sintered refractory product comprises: a dopant (greater than 0.5%) such as a stabilizing agent of zirconium oxide; aluminum oxide (1-10 wt.%); and silicon oxide (0.5-3 wt.%). A structure of the refractory product has an aggregate constituted of chromium oxide (greater than 90 wt.%). The aggregate bound by a matrix is constituted of greater than 90 wt.% of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide and/or aluminum oxide and optionally a dopant consisting of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide and/or titanium oxide. The zirconium oxide present in matrix has a content of greater than 2.5 wt.%. The hafnium oxide present in the matrix has a content of greater than 50 wt.%. The refractory product is present in the form of layer or block. EXAMPLE - Typical sintered refractory product comprised (wt.%): chromium oxide (87.1); zirconium oxide (6.2); hafnium oxide (0.2); silicon oxide (0.9); aluminum oxide (1.9); calcium oxide (0.5); and titanium oxide (1.6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hafnium oxide has a content of greater than 3 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%. The chromium oxide has a content of greater than 50 wt.%. The zirconium oxide has a content of greater than 10 wt.%. The zirconium oxide (at least 20 wt.%) is stabilized in cubic and/or quadratic form. The total content of chromium oxide, hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide is greater than 85 wt.%. The sintered refractory product comprises: a dopant (greater than 0.5%) such as a stabilizing agent of zirconium oxide; aluminum oxide (1-10 wt.%); and silicon oxide (0.5-3 wt.%). The zirconium oxide present in matrix has a content of greater than 2.5 wt.%. The structure has aggregate constituted of chromium oxide (greater than 90 wt.%). The aggregate bound by the matrix is constituted of greater than 90 wt.% of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide and/or aluminum oxide and optionally a dopant consisting of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide and/or titanium oxide. The refractory product is present in the form of layer or block. EXAMPLE - Typical sintered refractory product comprised (wt.%): chromium oxide (87.1); zirconium oxide (6.2); hafnium oxide (0.2); silicon oxide (0.9); aluminum oxide (1.9); calcium oxide (0.5); and titanium oxide (1.6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises sterilizing the tallow base prior to (b); adding estrogen to the tallow base prior to (c); and maintaining the pH of the tallow base below 7. The step (b) further comprises inoculating the tallow base with microorganisms present in non-pasteurized honey, preferably fungus, where the fungus is Pichia membranifaciens. The step (c) further comprises: exposing the tallow base to a negative magnetic field; and oxygenating the tallow base during the growth stage. The method -I further comprises the exposing the mash to a negative magnetic field during step (c). Preferred Components: The yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The honey is non-pasteurized red honey. The organic material comprises cellulosic materials. The starter culture is adapted with a base comprising material other than the cellulosic materials fermented in step (c). The organic material is a cellulosic material, which has not been pretreated with acids, heat, ammonia, ozone, or alkaline wet oxidation. The culture further comprises: microorganisms present in the non-pasteurized honey; and estrogen. The culture will ferment cellulosic materials, which have not been pre-treated with acids, heat, ammonia, ozone, or alkaline wet oxidation. The yeast is oblong such that the length is at least twice the width.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Medium: The cultivation medium is soil or synthetic medium. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: filtering the collected butanol containing solution through a reverse osmosis membrane to increase the butanol concentration; distilling the collected butanol containing solution and the butanol containing solution after concentration through the reverse osmosis membrane, respectively, under a pressure of not less than 1 Pa and not more than atmospheric pressure, at 25-200 degrees C; and distilling the butanol-containing solution after concentration through the reverse osmosis membrane under a pressure of not less than 1 Pa and not more than atmospheric pressure, at 25-200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The butanol containing solution is a fermentation broth obtained by microbial fermentation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanofiltration membrane has a functional layer comprising a polyamide. The polyamide comprises a crosslinked piperazine polyamide as a major component, and a constituting piperidine compound of formula (I).R = -H or -CH3; andn = 0-3. EXAMPLE - Ultrapure water (20 l) and n-butanol (20 g) were added in a feed tank and stirred at 25 degrees C for 30 minutes. The obtained aqueous butanol solution (10 g/l) was fed to the feed tank of the crosslinked piperazine polyamide nanofiltration membrane at 25 degrees C and pressure of 1 MP and worked up to give butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas mixture includes source of nitrogen, hydrogen or oxygen, where chemical compound product is nitrogen-based; or includes carbon dioxide, where chemical compound product is methane and other higher order hydrocarbons. The chemical compound product is ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate and other chemical combinations of nitrogen with hydrogen and/or oxygen. The cooling agent includes liquid water and water vapor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves dehydration (S30) of wastewater and reducing (S20) heavy metal component before solidification, and releasing wastewater including sewage, food sludge and its dehydrated cake, underground water tank sludge and dredged soil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dehydration process is carried out using hygroscopic agent. The hygroscopic agent is hydrophilic organic aerogel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material is PX300-type polymer, which is a soil stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The linear polyimide is obtained using 4,4'-(hexafluoro isopropylidene)diphthalic-acid dianhydride and aromatic diamine. The aromatic diamine contains 3,3'-dihydroxy benzidine. The polymer blend comprises (in parts weight) linear polyimide (60-90) and multibranched polyimide (10-40) with respect to 100 parts weight. Preferred Method: Before heat processing, drying process is given with respect to hollow fiber-like structure. Heat-processing is performed at 100-500 degrees C. Drying is performed at 10-100 degrees C for 5 minutes to 72 hours. The viscosity of the mixed solution is 1000 cP to 1 million cP.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multibranched polyimide-type material is polymer blend of multibranched polyimide and linear polyimide. The linear polyimide is linear hydroxy polyimide obtained by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic hydroxy diamine. The porous material is porous polyimide, porous polyamide, porous polybenzimidazole and/or porous polybenzoxazole. The multibranched polyimide is obtained by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an aromatic triamine, obtaining multibranched polyamic acid, reacting with alkoxy compound or derivative of aluminum, zirconium or titanium, obtaining multibranched polyamic acid having hydroxyl group or alkoxy group at terminal, performing sol-gel reaction with alkoxide of formula: R1m(OR2)n in presence of water, imidating, and coupling multibranched polyimide phase and inorganic oxide phase by covalent bond.R1,R2=hydrocarbyl;M=Si, Mg, Al, Zr, or Ti;m=0 or positive integer;n=positive integer;andm+n=valence of M.Preferred Layer: The compact layer is formed by coating method. Preferred Property: The composite hollow fiber membrane has carbon dioxide/methane separation factor of 10-200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C2) further comprises a calcium content of less than 30 ppm, a magnesium content of less than 20 ppm, a manganese content of less than 20 ppm, a strontium content of less than 20 ppm, and a potassium content of less than 20 ppm. Preferred Components: The microorganism is an alga or a bacterium. The alga or bacterium is photosynthetic. The bacterium is a cyanobacterium; and the alga is a microalga. The aquatic biomass comprises a photosynthetic organism (preferably alga or cyanobacterium).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil has not been subjected to at least one of hydrotreating, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, hydrodeoxygenation, isomerization (including hydroisomerization), desulfurization, denitrogenation, hydrocracking and catalytic cracking. EXAMPLE - A oleaginous composition comprising an oil (25 wt.% based on an ash free dry weight basis), extracted from biomass comprising algae paste (200 g, 79.6 wt.% moisture, 12.9 wt.% ash of dry matter) from Nannochloropsis species, was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): An aromatic halogen monomer of formula (II), diphenyl monomer of formula (III) and thioether monomer of formula (IV) are reacted, to obtain copolymer of formula (V). The sulfone group of obtained copolymer is oxidized, to obtain copolymer of formula (VI). Then, sulfonic acid group is introduced to copolymer (VI), to obtain hydrogen ion-conductive copolymer (I).X=-F, -Cl, or -NO2;J1=-OH or -SH;J2,K1,K2= -O- or -S;L1,L2=-O- or -SO2-;m,n=2-500;andm/nm=0.05-5.Preferred Properties: The inherent viscosity of the copolymer is 0.1-3 dl/g. The polymer electrolyte membrane has thickness of 30-50 mu m and ion conductivity of 0.05 S/cm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Two or more metals comprise palladium and aluminum; or ruthenium and chromium; or gold and aluminum. The promoter is cesium. It further comprises calcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In producing one or more 2-4C alcohols, the catalyst is reduced using a reducing agent prior to contact with the synthesis gas. At least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to methanol. At least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to acetaldehyde. The conditions include a minimum pressure of 500 pounds per square inch (gauge) (psig) (3.4 MPa). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves performing methane fermentation process (3) of the waste liquid, performing solid-liquid separation process (4) of the fermented liquid to separate organic substance residue, drying (5) solid content, and reducing carbon dioxide gas generated during the methane fermentation process. The method further involves carrying out hydrothermal synthesis process (1) of the calcium silicate, and regulating pH of the waste liquid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vanadium component is unevenly distributed in grain-boundary portion of complex oxide. The content of vanadium component with respect to complex oxide is 0.01-0.5 mol.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Tank: The tank comprises separator and hydrogen permeation sheet to prevent revealing outside at the time of hydrogen filling or hydrogen desorption, where the sheet has pore size of 0.001-100 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The hydrogen merges with the fuel gas transferred to the combustion installation, and separates from the fuel gas and transfers in the upstream of the combustion installation. The supply amount of hydrogen is adjusted, based on the concentration of the carbon dioxide contained in the waste gas emitted in the combustion installation. Portion or all of the reaction material is used as fuel of the combustion installation. Hydrogen and the carbon dioxide obtained by carrying out steam reforming of a portion of reaction material are separated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The waste gas contains 65-95 volume% of nitrogen and 5-35 volume% of carbon dioxide as main component. The waste gas is low-temperature factory exhaust heat having temperature of 200-500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The photocatalyst content layer has average porosity of 10-80%, and visible light permeability of 10-90% at 550 nm, in thickness direction. The photoelectric current of the gas generation apparatus, is 2 mu A/cm2 or more, when anode electrode formed using photocatalyst content layer on silicon substrate, cathode electrode obtained using platinum on silicon substrate, anode electrode and cathode electrode are opposingly arranged, and the electrolyte solution is made to immerse, and then subsequently, visible light is irradiated with respect to the photocatalyst content layer on the anode electrode. In planar view of the photocatalyst content layer, the average value of the occupied area ratio, which shows the ratio of the area which primary photocatalyst occupies, with respect to the area which secondary photocatalyst occupies, is 0.3-1.7 or less. The standard deviation of the average value is 2 or less. Preferred Component: The anode electrode has primary photocatalyst content layer containing primary photocatalyst, and does not contain secondary photocatalyst. The cathode electrode has secondary photocatalyst content layer containing secondary photocatalyst, and does not contain primary photocatalyst. The cathode electrode has electroconductive member. The photocatalyst containing layer and cathode electrode are electrically connected through the electroconductive component. The cathode electrode has co-catalyst content layer which produces hydrogen gas when the photocatalyst content layer receives visible light. The anode electrode has acid-proof conductive layer. The electroconductive substance adheres to at least one surface of primary photocatalyst and secondary photocatalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The biogas storage tank has primary storage tank (53) and secondary storage tank. The waste-derived solid fuel storing facility has compressor which compresses and sends biogas to secondary storage tank from the primary storage tank, moisture-content removal unit, oxygen concentration detector (78), methane concentration detector (79), air diffusion path and backup storage tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The enzyme is a cellulase-enhancing protein, a glycoside hydrolase, preferably a glycoside of the glycoside hydrolase 61 family, a glycosidase (e.g. a beta-glucosidase), an endoglucanase (e.g. endoglucanase-1), a beta-hexosaminidase, a xylanase (e.g. an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase), a laccase, a polygalacturonase or a xyloglucan:xyloglucosyltransferase. The polypeptide is obtainable from Thermomyces lanuginosus. The formed sugars are converted into ethanol. Preferred Process: The process further comprises adding a cellulase or cellulases. The cellulolytic material or lignin is pretreated. WIDER DISCLOSURE - The polypeptide encoding cell wall deconstruction enzymes of Thermomyces lanuginosus are disclosed as new.    EXAMPLE - No preparative examples are given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid of step (B) is 36-38 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ammonia intermediates of step (A) are 2-methyl-4-keto-nitrogen heterocyclic butyl sulfonic acid. Volume ratio of the methylene chloride solution of trifluoroacetic acid to dichloromethane of step (A) is 1:4-5. Concentration of hydrochloric acid of step (A) is 2. 4-2.5 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The G.hirta is planted using artificial wetland system. Preferred System: The particle diameter and thickness of filling substance are artificially selected. The particle diameter and thickness of filling substance are 10-20 mm and 20 cm respectively. The water of wetland system is intermittently intaken and internal oxygen content is further supplemented by the time of not feeding the water so as to improve automatic oxygen supply capability of the internal portion of wetland system. Preferred Plant: The old leaves are removed timely to avoid secondary pollution. ACTIVITY - Diuretic; Antidote.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The matrix comprises (pts.wt.) selenium (30-50), vermiculite (40-60), and weathered coal (10-30) and mixed with compost. The selenium-enriched organic-inorganic fertilizer comprises (%) selenium (30-60), nitrogen fertilizer (15-28), phosphate fertilizer (11-25.5), potassium fertilizer (8-15), and silicon fertilizer (3-10). The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea or ammonium chloride. The phosphate fertilizer can be monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, or superphosphate. The phosphate fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium hydrogen phosphate. The silicon fertilizer is rice hull ash, steel slag, fly ash, sodium silicate, or potassium silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The compound (I) is selected from 8-(4-phenyl-(1,2,3)triazol-1-ylmethyl)-indolo(2,1-b)quinazoline-6,12-dione, 2-fluoro-8-(4-phenyl-(1,2,3)triazol-1-ylmethyl)-indolo(2,1-b)quinazoline-6,12-dione or 2-(4-phenyl-(1,2,3)triazol-1-ylmethyl)-indolo(2,1-b)quinazoline-6,12-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Calcium carbonate is present in the fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The depleted deuterium water is mixed with essential oils for preparing different odor types of depleted deuterium water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of essential oil is 1-99.5%. The oil can be extract liquids with faint scent fresh or dry natural plant leaf, stem, skin, flower or fruit or synthetic perfume.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of composite catalyst particles is 0.5-20 mu m, preferably 1-10 mu m. The thickness of electrode catalyst layer is 2-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The content rate of polymer electrolyte in the composite catalyst particles in the electrode catalyst layer area (C1) located in the gas distribution path entrance vicinity is less than the electrode catalyst layer area (C2) located in the gas distribution path exit vicinity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The bio-oil vapor and hydrocarbon oil and/or melt are heated together without the addition of catalyst. The method further involves producing cracked reaction product comprising alkenes and hydrogenating the cracked reaction product to produce a hydrogenated product. Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon oil and/or melt is chosen from petroleum, petroleum fraction and synthetic 20-50C hydrocarbon. The cracked reaction product is partially produced by gasification of char, and comprises hydrocarbon molecules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The supply tool for supplying vapor comprises the tangential injecting nozzle. The injector is Venturi nozzles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The vapor is injected by tangential injecting nozzles, whose injecting direction runs skewed towards a preferably vertically standing longitudinal axis of the reaction space. The vapor is injected by vertical injecting nozzles, whose injecting direction runs parallel to a vertically standing longitudinal axis of the reaction space. First vapor is injected by tangential injecting nozzles, whose injecting direction runs skewed opposite to a vertically standing longitudinal axis of the reaction space and after the onset of the carbonation reaction, vertical injecting nozzles, whose injecting direction runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of reaction space, are connected. The vertical injecting nozzles are directed exclusively toward the center of the swirling caused by the tangential injecting nozzles. The vapor is preferably injected with high speed, preferably supersonic speed, into the reaction space. The vapor and biomass are brought simultaneously into the reaction space. The biomass is preheated before the introduction in to the reaction space at 140 degrees C. Within a parameterization of the carbonation reaction, the preheating temperature of the biomass, the injecting speed of the vapor, and the time and spatial distribution of the vapor on various injecting nozzles, are influenced preferably by a process control.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In manufacturing refined torrefied biomass, the device or devices comprises a vibrating mesh sieve, an air separator, a cyclone, an air knife, or a fluidized bed separator. Prior to passing the torrefied biomass through the selective separation device, the torrefied biomass is subjected to a comminuting process to confer an essentially uniform granulate particle size to the torrefied biomass. The comminuting process comprises subjecting the torrefied biomass to a pulverizing, triturating, milling or sonification treatment. The torrefied biomass comprises non-debarked forest wood and forestry debris. Preferred Biomass: The crude torrefied biomass comprises non-debarked forest wood and forest debris. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (III) comprises maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid mono- or dimethyl ester, maleic acid mono- or diethyl ester, fumaric acid, fumaric acid mono- or dimethyl ester or fumaric acid mono- or diethyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the copolymer, comprises carrying out free radical copolymerization of ethene derivatives of formula (R11-C(R12)=C(R13)-R14) (III) (10-90 mole%) and (R5-C(R6)=C(R7)-R8) (IV) (90-10 mole%), where the sum of (III) and (IV) is 100 mole%, and carrying out polymer analogous reaction of the obtained product with at least 1 or 2 moles of a hydrocarbon alcohol having 6-30C, per mole of (III).R11-R14 = H, 1-4C alkyl, C=O, -COOR15 or -COX;R15 = 1-4C alkyl; andX = F, Cl, Br or I.Provided that: in (III) two vicinal carboxyl groups and/or -COOR15 are present in cis- or trans-position to each other, where vicinal carboxyl groups in the cis position may also be present in the form of its cyclic anhydride; Preferred Components: The copolymer comprises (in mole%) repeating units (I) (45-55) and repeating units (II) (55-45). EXAMPLE - Undec-10-enoic acid methyl ester (200 g) was dissolved in Solvesso 150 (RTM: Aromatic solvent naphtha) (270 g) and heated to 150 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. Then maleic anhydride (98.9 g) and di-tert-butyl peroxide (3.45 g) dissolved in Solvesso 150 (RTM: Aromatic solvent naphtha) (30 g) were added to the reaction mixture at 150 degrees C within 3 hours. Then the reaction mixture was subjected to polymerization for 1 hour at 150 degrees C. Then the obtained polymerization product was heated with 2-fold molar amount of 1-n-dodecanol at 150 degrees C for 6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The hydrogen gas adsorption amount is 3.4-5.0 ml/g per unit mass of the cobalt metal at 100 degrees C. The product of the reduction degree of cobalt atom and hydrogen gas adsorption amount at 100 degrees C is 290-350.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the enzyme is a cellulase-enhancing protein, a glycoside hydrolase, preferably a glycoside of the GH61 family, a glycosidase (for example a glycosidase crf1 or a beta-glucosidase such as a glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase), an endoglucanase (for example endoglucanase-1), a beta-xylosidase (for example exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase xlnD), a beta-hexosaminidase, a beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase or a xylanase (for example an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase). The polypeptide is obtainable from Talaromyces thermophilus. The enzyme has cellulase enhancing activity. The formed sugars are converted into ethanol. The method further comprises adding a cellulase or cellulases. The cellulolytic material or lignin is pretreated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solution in step (b) comprises at least one strong protic acid, especially based on phosphoric acid and/or sulfuric acid. Preferred Components: The phosphoric acid comprises polyphosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid and derivatives, especially organic derivatives, such as cyclic organophosphoric acids or its derivatives, such as acid esters. The stabilizing reagent is at least one of monosaccharide, disaccharide or trisaccharide, preferably D-glyceraldehyde, L-glyceraldehyde, D-erythrose, L-erythrose, D-threose, L-threose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, L-ribose, L-arabinose, L-xylose, L-lyxose, D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, D-galactose, D-talose, L-allose, L-altrose, L-glucose, L-mannose, L-gulose, L-idose, L-galactose, L-talose, cane sugar, milk sugar, trelose, maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, melibiose, raffinose, gentianose and/or melezitose. The resulting membrane has modulus of elasticity of at least 3 MPa. The membrane has a solubility of less than 0.5 wt.% of polyazole polymer in 99% of phosphoric acid over the temperature of 85-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyazole polymer has a molecular weight (measured as the intrinsic viscosity) of at least 1.8 dl/g. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The transformant of yeast (Schizosaccharomyces) is transformed by a vector containing promoter sequence and terminator sequence for making the structural gene sequence comprising region encoding the modified beta -glucosidase. Preferred Transformant: The beta -glucosidase derived from the filamentous fungi is beta -glucosidase 1, where the filamentous fungi are Aspergillus. The beta -glucosidase comprises amino acid sequence which is capable of exhibiting 70% or more homology to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, where the beta -glucosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of ( beta )-D-glucopyranoside bonding. The structural gene sequence encodes the region which codes a signal in at least any one of 5' terminal side and 3' terminal side of the region which codes the modified beta -glucosidase, or tag sequence. The structural gene sequence encodes secretion signal to 5' terminal side of the region which codes the modified beta -glucosidase. The transformant integrates the vector in one or more places of the chromosome of the Schizosaccharomyces genus yeast. The transformant integrates the vector in 2 sites of transposon genes (Tf) in a chromosome. The modified beta -glucosidase is acquired from the culture solution supernatant liquid obtained by culturing the transformant. The transformant is cultured in presence of cellulose. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, a Kaminsky catalyst, a metallocene catalyst and/or an organolithium reagent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer composition further comprises at least one additive and a second polymer, where the additive comprises a filler, grafting initiator, tackifier, slip agent, anti-blocking agent, plasticizer, antioxidant, blowing agent, blowing agent activator, UV stabilizer, acid scavenger, colorant or pigment, coagent, lubricant, antifogging agent, flow aid, processing aid, extrusion aid, coupling agent, crosslinking agent, stability control agent, nucleating agent, surfactant, flame retardant and/or antistatic agent.Preferred Components: The vinyl monomer is ethylene, an alpha -olefin, a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl halide, vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester and/or acrylamide or methacrylamide or styrene. The weight ratio of the farnesene interpolymer to the second polymer is 1:99-99:1. The second polymer is a polyolefin, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, styrenic polymer, phenolic resin, polyacrylate and/or polymethacrylate. The farnesene interpolymer is a random interpolymer. EXAMPLE - A pre-dried solution comprising beta -farnesene (92.29 g) in cyclohexane (13.7%) was added to a reactor under argon atmosphere. n-Butyl lithium was added into the reactor as an initiator, and the reactor was heated at 50 degrees C for 19 hours, until all beta -farnesene was consumed, monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy to obtain 1,4-polyfarnesene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In the method, a ventilation pipes for connecting the hot air dryer, and the heat exchange device and the hot air generation furnace are insulated by a rock wool or a polyurethane. Preferred Components: The conveyor is screw pump or a conveying belt. The first accessory is lime, straw dust or wood dust. The second accessory comprises a swill-cooked dirty oil, a preservative and a standard raw coal. The hot air dryer comprises a hot air source capable of using boiler tail gas at four sides in production place.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The amount of sodium acetate added is 5-50 mM. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves filtering the mixture using a filter having mesh size of 20-60 meshes. Preferred Components: The solid culture medium comprises (in parts weight): wood (45-50), corn powder (25-30), wheat bran powder (15-20), peptone (5-8), gypsum powder (1-2), lime powder (1-2), water (120-150), or corn core (55-65), corn powder (15-25), bran powder (10-15), soybean powder (15-20), gypsum powder (1-2), lime powder (1-2), and water (110-130). The stabilizing agent (1-10 g) is polyvinyl alcohol and maltodextrin or their mixture. The liquefacient further comprises white sugar, peptone and vitamin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (a), the catalyst is potassium iodide or sodium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The post treating method in the step (c) comprises dissolving the roflumilast crude product in a solvent, crystallizing by cooling, filtering, rinsing and washing and vacuum drying to obtain the refined roflumilast product, where the solvent is at least one of acetone, water, alcohol and ethyl acetate. Preferred Components: In the step (a), the solvent is at least one of acetone, alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and N,N-dimethylformamide. In the step (b), the solvent is at least one of acetone, water and ethanol. In the step (c), the solvent is ethyl acetate or N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactors are a hydrodynamic converter for the creation of swirl flow due to the spatial arrangement of the electric vibrators and of vibratory bearings. The vibration-vortex reactor-mixer is liquid-steam-gas dynamic vortex generator, where swirl flow is formed by a spatial arrangement of the electric vibrators and of vibratory bearings. The line of vibration aerodrying is staggered, two-level drying, where the movement of the dried material is conducted on the inclined planes due to the vibrators. The thermo vortex of combustion of the biogas is vortex furnace of cyclonic type with the steam liner for preheating industrial water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel is derived from 8-18C methyl or ethyl ester, where the cetane index of biodiesel is 50-90. The concentration of sulfur in anti-wear additives is 0.5-38. The zinc anti-wear additives are chosen from zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and zinc dithiophosphate. The antioxidant agent is aminic or zinc phosphate chemical family. The lubricant is sulfurized vegetable fatty acid ester. The sulfur or zinc anti-wear additives are blended with biodiesel at 25-35 degrees C for 5-10 minutes. The antioxidant agent and lubricant are added at 25-35 degrees C. The solvent, preferably ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is added at 25-35 degrees C. The corrosion inhibitor is chosen from sulfonate and amine based inhibitor. The sulfonate based inhibitor is barium, lithium, zinc or calcium sulfonate. The amine based inhibitor is amine carboxylate or other amine based corrosion inhibitor. The composition comprises (in wt.%): biodiesel (70-90, preferably 89), sulfur or zinc phosphate additives (1-15, preferably 3), antioxidant (1-5, preferably 2), lubricity agent (0.5-0.9, preferably 3), ether solvent (0.1-5, preferably 1) and corrosion inhibitor (1-10, preferably 2). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - The compound (I) is selected from compounds of formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) and their isomers, and fully-acetylated derivatives (preferably 2-O-beta-D-galactopyranglycosyl ethyl benzoate, 2-O-alpha-D-mannapyranglycosyl ethyl benzoate, 2-O-beta-D-xylopyranglycosyl ethyl benzoate, 2-O-beta-D-galactopyranglycosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranglycosyl ethyl benzoate, and 2-O-beta-D-galactopyranglycosyl-(1-4)-alpha-D-glucopyranglycosyl ethyl benzoate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agricultural wastes are sugarcane slag, straw, rice hull, wheat straw and rice straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic ionic liquid in the step (i) is 1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium compound of formula (I), 1-propylpyridinium compound of formula (II), quaternary ammonium compound of formula (III), 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium compound of formula (IV), 1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium compound of formula (V), alkyl sulfonyl quaternary ammonium compound of formula (VI), 3-(3-carboxypropyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium compound of formula (VII), 1-(3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium compound of formula (VIII) or carboxy quaternary ammonium compound of formula (XI). The inert gas is nitrogen. The stirring speed is 100-1000 revolutions per minute.n = 0-6;X = HSO4 or H2PO4; andX1 = HSO4, H2PO4, Cl or Br.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fermenter is a continuously or intermittently-fed solid-, dry- or fluid reactor. The pH in the fermenter is less than 7. The reactor is a fixed bed-, fluidized bed- or up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is at least partly carried out at a pressure of 2-100 bars. The reactor is operated with a pressure at which the further conversion of the biogas and/or injecting biogas into the natural gas grid can take place without further compression. The method comprises: a first phase including (a) providing of biomass in a fermenter, (b) performing a fermentative conversion of the biomass by microorganisms and (c) separating the not completely fermented fiber and builders of the biomass to obtain a liquid percolate; a second phase including (d) reacting percolate obtained in the step (c) in the reactor operated under excess pressure to produce biogas, and (e) isolating the biogas produced in the step (d) from the reactor. Preferred Components: The percolate is a liquid, which contains organic acids, alcohols and/or soluble sugar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polynucleotide: Alternatively, the isolated polynucleotide selected from: (a) a polynucleotide comprising nucleic acid sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 13, 14, 22, 23, 34, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 61, 62, 64, 65, 73, 74, 76, 77, 91, 92, 121, 122, 139, and 140, or a functional equivalent; (b) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising a polypeptide sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 24, 36, 42, 45, 48, 51, 63, 66, 75, 78, 93, 123, and 141, or a functional equivalent; (c) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to the polynucleotide of (a) or (b); and (d) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to the reverse complement of the polynucleotide of (a) or (b). The isolated polynucleotide is obtainable from a fungus, preferably from Talaromyces thermophilus. Preferred Vector: The vector further comprises a regulatory sequence operatively linked to the polynucleotide for expression of same in a suitable host cell, where the suitable host cell is a filamentous fungus. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 114, 162, 231, 282, 306, 315, 324, 357, 372, 393, 417, 504, 582, and 771, or a functional equivalent. The isolated polypeptide is obtainable from T. thermophilus. Alternatively, the polypeptide is obtainable by expressing the polynucleotide or the vector in an appropriate host cell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The algal cytotoxin is chosen from Phaeodactylum, Rhodomonas, Cryptomonas, Thalassiosira, Cyclotella, Haematococcus and Dunaliella, preferably Phaeodactylum or Rhodomonas. The cytotoxin producing algae is chosen from cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, prymnesiophytes and raphidophytes, preferably Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Calothrix, Cylindrospermopsis, Fischerella, Gomphosphaeria, Hapalosiphon, Microcystis, Nodularia, Nostoc, Alexandrium, Coolia, Dinophysis, Heterocapsa, Karlodinium, Karenia, Ostreopsis, Peridinium, Prorocentrum, Chrysochromulina, Phaeocystis, Prymnesium, Pseudonitzschia, Nitzschia, Heterosigma and Chattonella. The cytotoxin producing algae is Alexandrium, preferably A.tamarense. Preferred Method: The algal cytotoxin is free fatty acids. The lipids are recovered by extraction and/or centrifugation. The lipid-producing algae cell is produced by harvesting the lipid-producing algae cells from the algae culture, and drying the algae cells to water content of less than 80 wt.%. The microorganism or algae cells are dried by evaporation, flocculation and/or centrifugation. The algal cytotoxin is in the form of cell-free suspension of cultivation medium of cytotoxic algae. The cytotoxin is incubated with biomass for 2-24 hours, preferably 3-12 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low and medium grade stone powder has a grain size of D9036 mu m to 9 mu m. The potassium content of the stone powder is 8-16%. The organic matter is peat, sugar filter mud, fermented poultry and animal feces, turf, living garbage, sludge, food production waste, industrial fermentation waste, vinasse, bread cypress, edible fungus cultivation waste mushroom residue, bran, rice bran, primary cob powder, bagasse powder, and/or straw powder. Preferred Method: The compound bacteria preparation is prepared by adding glue peptone sample Bacillus, ferment bacteria, silicate bacteria and effective microorganisms bacteria in a ratio of 1:1-5:1. The method further comprises grinding the low and medium grade stone powder containing potassium into a super fine powder by a mechanical energy method, mixing super fine low and medium grade stone powder containing potassium, organic matter and molasses liquid, regulating pH value to 5-8, obtaining the fermented materials, then inserting compound bacteria preparation into the fermented materials according to 10-30% of inoculation amount, stirring uniformly, stacking and fermenting, taking secondary composting fermentation by detecting the temperature and water content in the second day of the first fermentation, turning and ventilating for 1-2 times per day for 0.1-0.3 hour until the temperature is increased to 55-70 degrees C, where the first fermenting time is 7 days, turning and ventilating for 1-2 times per day, in the secondary fermentation, for 0.1-0.3 hours until the temperature is increased to 55-70 degrees C, controlling the cycle of twice composting fermentation within 15-45 days, pelleting the fermented materials, drying at low temperature, packing to obtain the granulated bio-potassium fertilizer, and controlling the temperature within 40-60 degrees C in the drying process and the water content of the materials within 10-15%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A mass of the coating slow-release liquid is 0.1-1% of the urea. The gamma -polyglutamic acid is gamma -polyglutamic acid pure product, gamma -polyglutamic acid salt pure product, fermentation culture medium, gamma -polyglutamic acid solution containing gamma -polyglutamic acid or wettable powder containing gamma -polyglutamic acid, where the dosage of gamma -polyglutamic acid salt pure product, fermentation culture medium containing gamma -polyglutamic acid, wettable powder containing gamma -polyglutamic acid are calculated according to the weight ratio of gamma -polyglutamic acid. An average molecular weight of gamma -polyglutamic acid is 10-2000 KDa. The nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide or thiocarbamide. The surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and/or polyoxyethylene ether. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low activity hydrogenation catalyst is a sulfided mono-metallic base metal catalyst. The low activity hydrogenation catalyst contains molybdenum or tungsten (2-10 wt.%); phosphorus (at least 6, preferably at least 9)%. The high activity hydrogenation catalyst is a bimetallic base metal catalyst. The high activity hydrogenation catalyst contains total metals (at least 16%) from the group comprising nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The product of the step of combining the feed stream, the heated hydrocarbon solvent, and the hydrogen-rich gas in the presence of a low activity hydrogenation catalyst is further reacted in the presence of a high activity hydrogenation catalyst. The phosphorus is recovered from the spent low activity hydrogenation catalyst. The phosphorus is recovered in a furnace under catalyst decoking conditions. The low activity hydrogenation catalyst is regenerated and reused after phosphorus recovery and catalyst decoking. The hydrocarbons are hydroisomerized. The heated hydrocarbon solvent is 550-750 degrees F. The heated hydrocarbon solvent is provided from the hydrocarbons produced from biomass. Preferred Components: The feed stream is selected from animal fats, poultry oil, soybean oil, canola oil, rapeseed oils, palm oil, palm kernel oil, jatropha oil, castor oil, camelina oil, algae oil, seaweed oil, halophile oils, rendered fats, restaurant greases, brown grease, yellow grease, waste industrial frying oils, fish oils, and tall oil. The hydrocarbons comprise 11-24C n-paraffins. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mechanical drying is carried out by a sieve band, a chamber filter compressor or a centrifuge for obtaining an airtight consistency of the sludge. The thermal drying is carried out in a convectional dryer at a product temperature of not greater than 180 degrees C. The method comprises: carrying out intermediate drying between the mechanical drying and the thermal drying at storage areas; and depositing powdered iron(III) hydroxide as a very fine powder in an apparatus combination of cyclone- and fabric filter. The powdered iron(III) hydroxide is dusted by sieving or sifting. The aqueous iron(III) hydroxide sludge is obtained by: filtering groundwater during the production of drinking water; or neutralizing acidic groundwater pumped in lignite opencast mining, oxidizing the precipitated mixture of iron(II) hydroxide and iron(III) hydroxide by adding oxygen and mechanically separating the iron hydroxide from groundwater. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): 2-Aminobenzaldehyde is reacted with ethyl aceto acetate, to obtain 2,3-dimethylquinoline. The obtained compound is reacted with N-bromosuccinimide, to obtain 2-(bromomethyl)-3-methylquinoline. The obtained compound is reacted under the effect of alkali, to obtain quinoline-type compound. Preferred Component: The alkali is potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The copper catalyst is cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide, cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide, copper acetate, copper chloride, and/or copper oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is benzene, toluene, o-xylene, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, t-butanol, isopropanol, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl adipate, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, n-hexane, and/or n-heptane. The base is triethylamine, potassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium acetate, and/or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves carrying out cold extraction using ethanol of 55-70%, preferably 65-70% for 15-20 hours, preferably 16-18 hours. The amount of the extracting solvent and concentrated solution is in a volume ratio of 1:1-2. The gradient elution is carried out using water or aqueous ethanol. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature of alkylation reaction is less than 5 degrees C to 10 degrees C, and the alkylation reaction is carried out for 1-6 hours. The acylation reaction is carried out in an organic solvent. The step (a) further comprises adding an extract into the reaction solution to extract organic layer, collecting organic phases, and then adding a drying agent into the organic phases, filtrating after drying, distilling the obtained filtrate, to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The alkaline reagent and acid-binding agent are organic alkali or inorganic alkali, where the inorganic alkali is alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate or bicarbonate hydroxide and the organic alkali is ammonia organic alkali. The alkali metal carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The ammonia organic alkali is diethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, pyridine or 2-chloropyridine. The mole ratio of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid to 4-chlorobutyryl chloride is 1:1.00-1.20. The organic solvent is an alcohol, ester, hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, ketone and/or ether. The phase transfer catalyst is polyethylene glycol (PEG)-600, PEG-400, PEG-200, PEG-800, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide or methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride. The amount of the phase transfer catalyst is 3-10 wt.%. The alcohols are 1-4C-low alcohols. The ester is diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran. The hydrocarbon is methylbenzene, n-hexane, n-heptane or cyclohexane. The halohydrocarbon is dichloromethane and/or trichloromethane. The ketone is acetone and/or butanone. The ester is ethyl acetate. ACTIVITY - Anticonvulsant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other microelement is chosen from iron, zinc, boron, magnesium, manganese and monopotassium phosphate, or their combination. The primary material pipeline is provided with material liquid absorption pump at port in the precipitation pool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of potassium permanganate to compound (II) is (2:1)-(6:1). The mol ratio of chloro sulfoxide to compound (III) is (1:1)-(4:1). The mol ratio of sodium borohydride to compound (IV) is (1:1)-(10:1). The mol ratio of manganese dioxide to compound (V) is (1:1)-(10:1). ACTIVITY - Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method comprises adding (pts.wt.) catalyst (0.2-0.6, preferably 0.2-0.5), 3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-sodium alkoxide (20-40, preferably 30-40) and ethyl chloride (15-30, preferably 25-30) in water (100). The method comprises after adding ethyl chloride, increasing temperature to 42-48 degrees C for 3 hours, and continuously heating to 52-58 degrees C for 2 hours. The lower layer oil layer is taken; and the hydrogen peroxide is used for discoloring, decompressing, distilling and removing impurity to obtain chlorpyrifos. The pressure of decompression and distilling is - 0.05 to - 0.09 MPa; and the temperature is 80-90 degrees C. The purification treatment comprises maintaining heat of solvent after reacting and precipitating for 24 hours, cooling to 25-30 degrees C, filtering and removing impurity. The reaction comprises using pure alkali to adjust pH to 8-9; and adding ethyl chloride. Preferred Component: The catalyst is methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, benzyltributylammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol or 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The urine water in the step (i) includes urine and flushing water. The added drug is magnesium oxide, and the precipitate is guanite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lye treatment system in the step (iv) makes use of a lye-pre-treatment-soil treatment system-outlet water-recycling technical flow. The drug adding stirring device and the precipitate and liquid supernatant separation device are provided with automatic control devices. The automatic control device for adding drug to stir automates the drug addition and the stirring to execute complete contact reaction. An automatic separation device for the precipitate and the liquid supernatant realizes the automatic separation of the precipitate and the liquid supernatant. The precipitate in the deposition pool after simple dehydration treatment can be used as fertilizer. The liquid supernatant and the urine flushing water are used as lye to enter the lye treatment system. The pipeline is a polyvinyl chloride pipe with a pipe diameter of 50 mm. The urine storage chamber is a cylindrical plastic barrel which is D1500x H1500 mm. The stirrer of the drug dosing stirring device is an ESJ-2000 type stirrer, and the vacuum pump of the precipitate and liquid supernatant separation device is a ZCTB750A type vacuum pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: dissolving palladium acetate and lithium chloride in acetic acid, adding a substituted alkyne compound of formula (R-CC-X) (III) and buta-2,3-dienoic acid phenyl ester (II) into the obtained solution and reacting at 40-60 degrees C. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the palladium acetate to (II) to the lithium chloride to (III) is 0.02-0.05:0.1-0.3:1-2:1. Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60 degrees C. The organic solvent is anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The tert-butyl lithium is added in a form of pentane solution of the tert-butyl lithium. The dimethyl zinc is added in a form of toluene solution of the dimethyl zinc. The tetrabutyl amine fluoride is added in a form of tetrahydrofuran solution of the tetrabutyl amine fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cupric salt comprises copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper hydroxide, copper nitrate or copper acetate. The wettable powder comprises thiazole organic copper compound (20-90%), wetting agent (1-10%), dispersing agent (1-10%), and padding (balance).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: adding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (4.5-7 g, purity 99%) and 2-amino-5-sulfydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3.3-5.8 g, purity 99%) to ethanol water solution or methanol water solution (180-260 ml, 75-95 mass%), heating and dissolving the mixture to obtain the solution (A), adding cupric salt (2.5-5 g, purity 95-99%) to water (25-40 ml) to obtain the mixture of cupric salt and water, adding the solution (A) to the mixture of cupric salt and water, stirring the mixture for 0.5-2 hours at 55-70 degrees C, after adding, standing the mixture for precipitating, after stirring, separating the sediment, washing the sediment through ethanol and water and drying to obtain 20-90% of thiazole organic copper compound. Preferred Method: The solution A is added for 22-30 minutes. Preferred Components: The wetting agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, nickel, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonyl phenol ethoxylate, or octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; the dispersing agent is lignosulfonate, nickel formaldehyde condensate, sodium sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, sodium methane sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene formaldehyde condensate and carboxymethyl cellulose; and the padding is kieselguhr, white carbon black, bentonite, light calcium carbonate and attapulgite. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, barium, zinc, aluminum, silver, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, copper, nickel, zirconium, tantalum or palladium. The auxiliary agent is borax, silicon dioxide, or industrial molecular sieve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The penam diphenyl methyl ester sulfoxide is obtained by mixing metal oxide and auxiliary agent and then baking the mixture for 0.5-3 hours at 450-800 degrees C, where mass ratio of metal oxide to auxiliary agent is 1:1-1:10. The composite metal oxide solid alkaline catalyst is prepared by charging to grind and mix the metal oxide and the auxiliary agent to the prescribed mass ratio, cooling the mixture after baking the mixture for 0.5-3 hours at 450-800 degrees C, and obtaining the composite metal oxide solid alkaline catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of halogenated alkane and humic acid is 1:3-10. The mass ratio of sulfomethylated agent and alkylating humic acid is 1:4-10. Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is chosen from sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium carbonate solution. The halogenated alkane is chloroalkane, bromoalkane, iodoalkane, dodecane, hexadecane or octadecane. The sulfomethylated agent comprises mixed liquid of formaldehyde, sodium hydrogen sulfite and sodium formaldehyde bisulfite. Preferred Method: The step (b) involves performing sulfomethylation reaction at 70-80 degrees C for 4-12 hours. The post-treatment process involves adjusting pH of obtained reaction liquid to 6-7, reducing temperature to room temperature and filtering, decompressing, performing vacuum distillation obtained filtrate, evaporating solvent, drying obtained solid in oven to obtain modified humic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The compost rod and vent hole are formed on the central portion. Porous cover prevents inflow of foreign substances, where porous cover is present in upper and lower portion of the vent hole. Preferred Composition: The diameter of the gunny bags are 1.15-1.20 times of the compost rods diameter. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of (II), methanol, aqueous formaldehyde solution, ammonium carbonate, and palladium/carbon catalyst is 1:5-15:1-2: 0.2-0.5:0.02-0.1. The solvent is isopropyl alcohol. The mass ratio of methanol and isopropyl alcohol is 1:1-3. The mass ratio of the solvent and active carbon is 1:4-8:0.05-0.15. Preferred Method: The condensation reaction is carried out at 0-30 degrees C for 1-2 hours. The salt-forming reaction is carried out at 10-50 degrees C for 5-30 minutes. The catalytic hydrogenation reduction reaction is carried out at 60-80 degrees C and 0.1-1 MPa for 1-5 hours. The concentrated solution is recycled after the solvent regulating pH value at 2-3 with diluted hydrochloric acid, extracted ethyl acetate, and cured.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Entrainer is 70-95% of acetone or ethanol solution. Adding amount is 10-30% of medicinal materials. Extraction kettle pressure is 25-38 MPa and temperature is 35-60 degrees C. Step for extracting and purifying in step (B) in ethyl acetate extracting, the temperature is 20-30 degrees C, and standing time is 1-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dimethyl ether is passed to dimethly ether catalyst bed layer of methyl tertiary-butyl ether device reactor before dehydrating and condensating the dimethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: The processing method involves incinerating fermented or decomposed material using an incinerator. Fermented material containing incinerated ash generated during incineration process is subjected to fermentation process. Heat generated during incineration process is recovered and used for preliminary drying of fermented or decomposed material. Fermented or decomposed material is subjected to solidification process which uses solidifying agent. Disposal of fermented or decomposed material is performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process includes heating-stirring process, and urea addition process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is ultra stable Y zeolite. The amorphous composite metal oxide is silica alumina, alumina boria or silica zirconia. The active metal is platinum. The raw material oil is synthetic oil, where the oil is obtained by Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture of catalyst is finely divided electrolytic metallic iron, silica gel, fuller~s earth, calcium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and their mixtures. The electrolytic metallic iron is in a finely divided form of 150-250 mesh, preferably 200 mesh, representing 1% of the plastic waste feedstock.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating of mixture of step (iii) is at 250-425 degrees C. The mixing of step (iii) is done for predetermined time, preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour. The hydrocarbon gas mixture of step (v) is recycled for continuous heating and contains a calorific value of 18000-22000 Btu/Lb. The hydrocarbon oil mixture of step (iv) has a boiling point of 50-350 degrees C and carbon numbers of 5-20C is separated into fractions. The catalyst such as electrolytic metallic iron is separated through magnetic separation and recycled for reuse. The hydrocarbon oil is subjected to desulfurization using a catalyst comprising finely divided zinc, finely divided iron and their mixtures. The de-sulfurization of hydrocarbon oil results to produce a liquid crude oil product with reduced sulfur content of not more than 0.1% or 860 ppm. The process for producing hydrocarbon yields 70-80% of hydrocarbon oil, 10-20% of hydrocarbon gas and 1-10% of ash. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: processing the bodies to obtain protein for animal or fish feed; treating the bodies with bacteria to produce a liquid or gaseous fuel; collecting waste excreted by the gastropods and composting the waste together with the green waste to form a soil-improving material; and crushing the shells to form a particulate material. Preferred Components: The gastropods are snails. The installation comprises: means for collecting waste excreted by the gastropods and for composting the waste together with the waste plant material; milling means to crush the shells to produce a particulate material; a fish farm receiving fish feed from the processing means; and a chicken-rearing facility receiving feed protein from the processing means.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The system (S1) comprises N-functionalized imidazole (at least 10 wt.%); and further comprises an amine (at least 10 wt.%). In the system, the N-functionalized imidazole and the amine are present in a ratio of 9:1 to 1:9. The second system further comprises an amine. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves contacting the natural gas feed stream with a second system comprising N-functionalized imidazole; and regenerating the system by heating or pressurizing the gas-rich system. Preferred Components: The N-functionalized imidazole is N-alkyl imidazole, N-alkenyl imidazole, N-alkynyl imidazole and/or N-aryl imidazole. The N-functionalized imidazole has the formula (I). The amine is selected from primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines and/or cyclic amines; or the amine is a monoamine, a diamine, or a polyamine. The amine has the formula R3a-N(R1a)(R2a). The primary amine is selected from monoethanolamine, diglycolamine and/or 2-amino-2-methylpropanol; secondary amine is selected from diethanolamine and/or diisopropanolamine; tertiary amine is N-methyldiethanolamine; and cyclic amine is optionally substituted piperazine.R1=1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 2-20C alkynyl, 1-20C heteroalkyl, 2-20C heteroalkenyl, 2-20C heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, thio, amino, alkoxyl or aryloxyl (all optionally substituted), silyl, siloxyl, cyano, or nitro;R2-R4=1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 2-20C alkynyl, 1-20C heteroalkyl, 2-20C heteroalkenyl, 2-20C heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, thio, amino, alkoxyl or aryloxyl (all optionally substituted), H, halo, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro;R1a, R2a and R3a=H or R1. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Compounds are disclosed as (I) e.g. 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole (IA), 1-butyl-1H-imidazole, 1-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-butyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole and 1-hexyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Rhodopseudomonas palustris seed liquid is used to prepare the photosynthetic bacteria nutrient solution; where viable count content is 8-10x 108 colony forming units/mL. Fermentation broth is prepared by adding 3-4 g sodium acetate, 2-3 g ammonium chloride, 0.1-0.25 g sodium chloride, 0.05-0.08 g calcium chloride, 0.5-0.6 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.45 g dipotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.02-0.035 g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.002-0.004 g ferric chloride, and 0.1-0.2 g yeast extract per 1000mL of water. Culture is carried out at 15-30 vol.% inoculation amount, 2500-40001x illumination intensity, and 32-37 degrees C for 5-7 days. The concentrating is carried out at 0.07-0.09 MPa of vacuum degree and 40-50 degrees C. The pH value of the photosynthetic bacteria nutrient solution is adjusted with hydrochloric acid or acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DS4 (CCTCC NO: M2010147).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The use method comprises selecting a single bacterial colony of S. maltophilia (DS4), culturing on lysogeny broth (LB) solid medium, and incubating overnight, inoculating the cultured S. maltophilia (DS4) into saponin wastewater in a volume ratio of 0.5-2:100, culturing at a constant temperature of 30-35 degrees C for 48-72 hours at a pH of 6-8, where the LB solid medium of pH 7 comprises peptone (10 g), yeast extract (5 g), sodium chloride (10 g), solid agar (15 g) and distilled water (1000 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The water content in the rice straw is less than 18%. The water content in animal waste is less than 18%. The pond sludge has a water content of less than 15%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The EM strain is a solid EM preparation with an effective viable count of more than 10 billion/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A grinder or a hay cutter to cut the rice straw into 1-3 cm pieces. The animal waste is crushed to 50-60 meshes. The pond sludge is crushed into 100-120 meshes. The fertilizer is prepared by:(A) preparing an EM strain solution by dissolving the sugar with clean water in a container, adding EM strain, uniformly mixing, and culturing for 3-4 days in an airtight container;(B) mixing rice straw, animal waste, and of pond sludge, uniformly stirring while spraying EM strain solution and water, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65%;(C) piling the mixture in bar-type piles with a width of 2 meters and a height of 1 meter, using the plastic film to cover and seal, and conducting anaerobic fermentation;(D) fermenting for 6-8 days at 60 degrees C, turning over, continuously fermenting for 6-8 days, and finishing the fermentation process when the mixture becomes brown or black brown;(E) baking the fermented mixture in an oven at 70 degrees C until the water content of the mixture is less than 15%; and(F) packing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bacterium residue is the product of sawdust, corncob, cottonseed hull as main material to produce mushroom. The waste flue-cured tobacco is tobacco-stem and tobacco-leaf after airing or drying and grinding to 40-60 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): The microorganisms are produced by removing the expression and function of gene encoding glycine synthesis system protein, and/or methionine synthesis system protein. Preferred Gene: The gene encoding glycine synthesis system protein is GLY1 gene and gene encoding methionine synthesis system protein is MET6 or MET32 gene. The gene encoding enzyme for xylose metabolism is at least 1 chosen from xylose reductase gene, xylitol dehydrogenase gene, and gene encoding xylulose phosphorylation enzyme. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises sugar solution purification tank which stores sugar solution extracted from the enzyme saccharification tank. The solid-solution separation device removes low water-soluble substance from the sugar solution which is interposed from the sugar solution purification tank. The apparatus comprises foreign substance removal unit provided with microfiltration membrane which removes low water-soluble fermentation inhibitor from the sugar solution which is interposed from the sugar solution purification tank. The enzyme saccharification tank and the sugar solution purification tanks are integrated. The dilution tank adds water for diluting the sugar solution which is processed in the foreign substance removal unit. The apparatus comprises water separation unit which has reverse osmosis membrane which separates water from the diluted sugar solution. The apparatus further comprises first measurement portion and second measurement portion, which measure turbidity and/or light absorbency of sugar solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus comprises sugar solution purification tank which stores sugar solution extracted from the enzyme saccharification tank. The solid-solution separation device removes low water-soluble substance from the sugar solution which is interposed from the sugar solution purification tank. The apparatus comprises foreign substance removal unit provided with microfiltration membrane which removes low water-soluble fermentation inhibitor from the sugar solution which is interposed from the sugar solution purification tank. The enzyme saccharification tank and the sugar solution purification tanks are integrated. The dilution tank adds water for diluting the sugar solution which is processed in the foreign substance removal unit. The apparatus comprises water separation unit which has reverse osmosis membrane which separates water from the diluted sugar solution. The apparatus further comprises first measurement portion and second measurement portion, which measure turbidity and/or light absorbency of sugar solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) comprises a carrier or diluent. Preferred Components: (I) is in a dosage unit form of a powder, a tablet, a capsule, or a liquid. The neutral organic molecule is caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine, phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, tannins, monophenols, capsaicinoids, and curcumin. The stoichiometric ratio of the complementary neutral organic compound to the lithium salt is 2:1 or 1:1, respectively. The crystalline structure of the cocrystal is characterized by at least two techniques of powder x-ray diffraction, single crystal x-ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of (I) is parenteral, intra-arterial, intramuscular, intravenous, intranasal, or oral. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The wt.% ratio glycine wastewater and dehydrated abamectin waste dregs is 1:0.2-4. The wt.% ratio of dehydrated abamectin waste dregs and other materials is 1:0.2-2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The ceramic layer is formed by slurry coating method, sol-gel coating method, or thermal spray coating method. The underlayer improves the adhesion force between ceramic layer and metal substrate. The underlayer has a thickness of 100 Angstrom to 10 mu m. A concavo-convex shape is formed in the surface of metal substrate. A wash coat layer containing alumina particles is formed on the catalyst-layer-coated substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The underlayer comprises alumina, titania, zeolite, silica, zirconia, and/or ceria. The catalyst layer comprises a mixture of vanadium pentoxide particles and titania particles. The catalyst layer contains zeolite in which a portion with ion-exchanged with catalytic element(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component (A) is fatty acid methyl ester obtained from fatty acid and 8-18C methanol and vegetable oil and fat. Preferred Composition: The emulsified fuel comprises ricinoleic acid polyglycerol (0.3-0.8 %mass) and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (0.03-0.8 %mass). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The selenium-enriched biological agent is prepared by feeding pig manure (2-3 pts.wt.) or chicken manure (0.5-1 pt.wt.), sheep manure (1-2 pts.wt.), colza cake or soybean cake (0.5-1 pt.wt.), and effective microorganism original liquid (0.5-1 pt.wt.) into a fermentation tank; adding water (1-2 pts.wt.); covering to ferment for 30-40 days until there is no smell; adding water (8-9 pts.wt.); continuously fermenting for 20-40 days to dissolve the solid content in the material; sieving the fermentation liquid by 100-200-mesh sieve; filtering to obtain selenium-enriched biological agent mother liquor; adding sodium selenite (5-10 kg) to 100 L mother liquor; dissolving and stirring uniformly, where when deposits disappear, the reaction is complete; and obtaining selenium-enriched biological agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the compound microbial leavening agent, the L. rhamnosus is (0.01-60.0)x 109 (preferably 30.0x 109) /g, the number of the L. plantarum is (0.01-6.0)x 109 (preferably 5x 109) /g, and the number of the A. niger-spores is (1-50)x 108 (preferably 20x 108)/g. The A. niger-spores, L. rhamnosus powder and the L. plantarum powder are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-2): (0.5-2). The use amount of the compound microbial leavening agent is 0.1-1% of the raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The amount of the carbonized product is 5-100 tons/hm2 (hectometer), when used independently. The amount of fertilizer is 150-250 kg/hm2, when the carbonized product is used together with the fertilizers. The fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer or a composite fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plant: The F.tikoua is planted in artificial wetland system with automatic oxygen supply. The F.tikoua is harvested partially at fixed period and old leaves are removed to avoid secondary pollution. Preferred System: The artificial wetland system with automatic oxygen supply has inner part of the wetland bed body comprising the wetlands filled matrix and the shale hollow bricks. The automatic oxygen supply to the wetland system is achieved through the pores of the shale hollow bricks. The particle size and filling thickness of the filled matrix are screened manually. The wetland is filled with gravel layer having particle size, thickness, slag layer of 10-20 mm, 15 cm, preferably 20 cm, and 1-10 mm. The sand layer has thickness of 15 cm. The water feeding way of the wetland system is intermittent water feeding way. The supplement of internal oxygen is finished at the time interval of no water feeding, to improve the automatic oxygen supply capacity in the wetland system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The aquatic plant is waterweed, blue-green algae, reed and water hyacinth. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oil and monohydric alcohol are introduced from lower part of first level reactor and flows upward. The material with aliphatic ester from first level reactor enters from lower part of second level reactor and flows upward. The first level reaction is performed at 150-300 degrees C, 4-10 MPa, oil liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-6/hour, and mass ratio of monohydric alcohol to oil of (0.05-2):1; preferably at 180-260 degrees C, 5-8 MPa, oil liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5-2/hour, and mass ratio of monohydric alcohol to oil of (0.1-1):1. The second level reaction is performed at 150-300 degrees C, 0.5-3 MPa, oil liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-6/hour, and mass ratio of monohydric alcohol to oil of (0.05-2):1; preferably at 180-260 degrees C, 0.7-3 MPa, oil liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5-2/hour, and mass ratio of monohydric alcohol to oil of (0.1-1):1. The method also comprises adding alkali metal compound in second level reaction. Preferred Component: The material with aliphatic ester from first level reactor comprises material from first level reactor; remaining liquid phase material after flashing and steaming material of first level reactor, or ester phase material obtained by dividing phase for material of second level reactor. The oil acid value is 1-200 preferably less than or equal to 20 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g. The monohydric alcohol is 1-6C monobasic fatty alcohol. The alkali metal compound is at least one of 13-24C fatty acid salt of sodium and potassium at use amount of 0.001-0.07 wt.% of material oil weight based on metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The contacting step comprises continuously adding methanol from one side of thermal medium tube pass of heat exchangers, and continuously discharging contacted methanol from other side of thermal medium tube pass of heat exchangers. The methanol is added for 3-5 hours at 0.1-1 preferably 0.4-0.8 MPa to make flow velocity of thermal medium tube pass of heat exchangers at 1-3 cm3. The method also comprises recovering methanol from heat exchange medium via methanol flash column, and washing and taking off light components as feedstock. It also comprises recycling contacted methanol to distill with coarse products of biodiesel. Preferred Component: The methanol is at 25-70 preferably 40-70 degrees C. The dirt from thermal medium tube contains carbon deposit and colloid produced by 10-40C high temperature carbonization coke esters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: A molar ratio of aromatic halides to ammonia is 1:2-1:20. A molar ratio of alkali to aryl halide is 1:2-3:1. A molar ratio of aryl halide to catalyst is 20:1-2:1. A molar ratio of ligand to aryl halide is 1:1-1:5. A mass ratio of surfactant to water is 5:1-1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dewatering device is a belt filter, a vacuum belt filter, a vacuum suction filter, a plate-framework filter, a spiral presser and/or a centrifugal machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cassava processing residue is a cassava peel, a cassava starch residue, a starch wastewater treatment digested sludge, a cassava vinasse residue and/or an alcohol wastewater treatment digested sludge generated in a starch/alcohol producing process using the cassava as a raw material. The biomass fuel comprises a material A prepared by pure cassava processing residue, and a material B prepared by doping and filling biomass raw material, where the biomass fuel is dispersed biomass fuel or biomass fuel extruded as solid. The filled biomass raw material is rood process saw powder, Eucalyptus branches and leaves, Eucalyptus peel, pine tree branch, pine tree peel, cassava haulm, white mulberry branch, straw, wheat straw, maize straw, bagasse, energy source, municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge, sugar plant filtering sludge, paper plant filtering sludge and live stock excrement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reaction tank shell is made from carbon steel or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reaction tank shell can also be made from plastic polyethylene, polypropylene, propylene oxide, or carbon steel lining plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In the method for increasing biogas output by solar energy, the hot medium water is recycled deionized water. The heat exchanger is formed by two master hot medium junction pipes, two pipe branches and heat exchange pipes vertical to the master hot medium junction pipes. The hot medium water circulating pipe is performed by heat insulation treatment. Preferred Device: A lower part of the descaling ring component is capable of stably moving by depending on a fixed guide rail. Both the chain and the chain wheel are made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The method involves sieving the mixture to 100-150 mu m size. ACTIVITY - Anesthetic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline agent is sodium hydroxide or lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing alkaline anaerobic fermentation under condition of sealed anaerobic condition at 20-55 degrees C for 3-8 days, stirring the fermented product at speed of 30-250 revolutions per minute (rpm), and adding alkaline reagent to the product for adjusting pH value to 9-11. The method involves performing microwave pretreatment at microwave frequency of 2450 MHz, and microwave radiation power of 200-1000 w for 20 minutes. Preferred Components: The feed or discharge is daily feed rate which is equal to daily deposit size to digest total sludge total/sludge retention time. The reflux ratio of the return sludge is 5-20%. The alkaline agent is sodium hydroxide or lime. The concentration of the mixed sludge is 88-98%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum comprises Cellulomonas, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, white rot fungus and Bacillus subtilis according to a volume ratio of (20-30):(15-25):(15-30):(20-30). The inoculation amount of each component in the microbial inoculum comprises (in %) Cellulomonas (30), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (20), white rot fungus (25) and Bacillus subtilis (25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The inhibitor is small interfering (si)RNA and/or specific anti-MLDS protein antibody, where the siRNA and/or specific anti-MLDS antibody can silence and/or decrease MLDS gene expression in the MLDS protein gene. The drug comprises recombinant MLDS protein gene expression product and MLDS gene comprising host cell, preferably the recombinant MLDS protein gene expression product is expressed by prokaryotic expression system or eukaryotic expression system. ACTIVITY - Antilipemic; Metabolic; Anorectic; Antiarteriosclerotic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The first section of steam explosion treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa for 1-10 minutes. The second section of steam explosion treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa for 1-10 minutes. The method involves maintaining pH of the steam-exploded straw at 4.8 using 50 mM citric acid buffer solution, maintaining solid-to-liquid ratio of the straw at 10:30, adding enzyme (15-110 IU/g) to the obtained straw product at 50 degrees C, oscillating the obtained product in a shaking bed at 100-200 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 24-120 hours, and centrifuging the enzymolyzed solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The foaming cement is No. 425 grade construction cement, and is prepared by adding foaming agent into the cement for foaming, and adding cement curing agent after cement curing. The activated fly ash is prepared by adding fly ash activating agent into the fly ash for activating and to prepare the carrier based materials. The functional auxiliary material is lime paste, water reducing agent/plasticizer, adhesion promoter e.g. magnesium lignosulfonate, composite iron-magnesium enzyme activator, quartz powder cement intensifier, magnetic material of magnetic ferric oxide powder, and enhancing connectivity mass of short fiber and adhesive. The porous carrier material is diatomite, zeolite powder and activated carbon powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The shape of the hollow body is a spherical hollow body and a cylindrical hollow body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Mirabilis jalapa is planted in an automatic oxygen increasing artificial wetland system. The regularly harvested part of Mirabilis jalapa is utilized as a medicinal component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle size and thickness of the filling substrate is artificially screened.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The thickness of a gravel layer in the wetland filling accounts to 15 cm. The particle diameter in the gravel layer is 10-20 mm. A furnace comprises a slag layer having a thickness of 20 cm, and the particle size in the slag layer is 1-10 mm. The furnace comprises a sandy soil layer having a thickness of 15 cm. The wetland system comprises a water inlet which utilizes an intermittent water inlet. The water inlet supplements the oxygen content in the wetland system in the given time period, to improve the wetland system automatic oxygen supply. ACTIVITY - Gynecological; Vasotropic; Antiarthritic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the aerobically culturing step is achieved by culturing in the rotary shaker at 35 degrees C under 150 rotations/minute for 30 hours to obtain the activated Bacillus subtilis. In the step (b), the culturing step is achieved by culturing at 35 degrees C for 30 hours to obtain the Bacillus subtilis A. In the step (c), the reaction is performed at 35 degrees C under a stirring speed of 120 rotations/minute for 35 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The auxin comprises (in %): urea (89), rhodofix (1) and zeolite powder (10). The microelement comprises (in %): potassium (36), magnesium sulfate (25), boric acid (6), monosodium glutamate (5), zinc sulfate (5) and zeolite powder (23). Preferred Method: The method for preparing leavening agent, involves (a) weighing the above components and uniformly stirring the components, and (b) packaging the finished product in plastic bag (1000 g/bag), and sealing the bag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of the N-methyl-2-amino ethanol and phosphoric acid is 1:1-1.1. The mole ratio of 2-(methylamino)ethoxy phosphonic acid and O-methylisourea sulfate is 1:1-1.1. Preferred Method: The reaction in step (a) is performed at 0-180 degrees C, preferably 40-150 degrees C for 2-6, preferably 3-5 hours. The reaction in step (b) is performed at 0-60 degrees C, preferably 10-50 degrees C for 1-4, preferably 2-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier fertilizer comprises ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, light calcium phosphate, super-phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monohydrate zinc sulfate and sodium borate. The nitrogen nutrient content is 5-15 wt.%. The phosphorus element content is 5-15 wt.%. The potassium element content is 5-15 wt.%. The calcium element content is 0-10 wt.%. The magnesium element content is 0-10 wt.%. The zinc element content is 0-2 wt.%. The boron element content is 0-2 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The slow release agent is polyvinyl alcohol or Arabic gum. The adhesive comprises attapulgite, paraffin, rosins and gelling starch, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl prime or methylcellulose. The coating agent comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyester resin, acrylic synthetic polymer, polypropylene resin film former, butadiene resin film former, polyurethane film former and nitrocellulose film former. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method comprises taking vegetable oil, animal oil and/or swill-cooked dirty oil as raw material to esterify; centrifugally separating or statically layering an esterified product, filtering supernatant liquor when cooling, and obtaining crude ester; and preparing biodiesel product after the crude ester passes through a filling multistage adsorbing column or an adsorbing tower filled with polymeric adsorbents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polymeric adsorbent is molecular sieves comprising 4A, ZSM-5, ZSM-12, ZSM-57, IM-5, IM-6, NU0-6, ITQ-4, NU-87, ITQ-22, ITQ-27, mordenite, and ITQ-27:12MR.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The homogeneous alkali catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The medium-short-chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol or propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) firstly mixing (in %mass): PVA (7-9), sodium alginate (1-2) and distilled water (90-91) to obtain solution A, (b) separately mixing, stirring and dissolving boric acid (3-7.4), calcium chloride (1.3-4) and distilled water (92-95) to obtain solution B, (c) soaking porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate in the solution A for 1-2 hours, taking out the substrate and drying the substrate, (d) slowly adding the solution B drop wise onto the porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate treated with the solution A for its cross-linking step-by-step, placing the porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate into the solution B and allowing cross-linking for 2-4 hours, (e) repeating the step (c) and (d) for several times to obtain the porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate loaded with organic induced membrane, and (f) fixing selected cells onto the substrate by surface adsorption method, placing the substrate on the medium and culturing for 3-5 days to obtain the ceramic matrix, or uniformly (a) mixing (in %mass) Ludox (RTM: Colloidal silica) (25-26) and PVA (5) in a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain mixed solution, (b) soaking the porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate in the mixed solution for 1-2 hours, taking out the substrate, drying the substrate, repeating the steps (a) and (b) for several times to obtain porous silicon carbide substrate or porous tourmaline substrate loaded with organic induced membrane, (c) fixing selected cells onto the substrate by surface adsorption method, placing the substrate on the medium and culturing for 3-5 days to obtain the ceramic matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid binding agent is an alkali metal carbonate (preferred) or alkali metal bicarbonate, preferably sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and/or anhydrous potassium carbonate. The molar ratio of (V) to the inorganic acid binding agent is 1:1-4, preferably 1:3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The preparation of (I): takes place at 60-100, preferably 70-85 degrees C for 1-8 hours, preferably 3-5 hours; and further comprises re-crystallizing crude product of (I) using methanol to obtain (I) with a purity of greater than 99.5%. (IV) is obtained by reacting 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone with 1-bromo-3-chloro-propane in acetone and in the presence of potassium carbonate to obtain a crude product, and refining the crude product in isopropyl ether. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of (V) to (IV) is 1:1-2, preferably 1:1.1. The non-ionic surfactant is Tween (RTM: Polysorbate), preferably Tween-20 (RTM: Polysorbate-20), Tween-21 (RTM: Polysorbate-21), Tween-40 (RTM: Polysorbate-40), Tween-60 (RTM: Polysorbate-60), Tween-61 (RTM: Polysorbate-61), Tween-65 (RTM: Polysorbate-65), Tween-80 (RTM: Polysorbate-80) (preferred), Tween-81 (RTM: Polysorbate-81) or Tween-85 (RTM: Polysorbate-85). The amount of: non-ionic surfactant is the reaction medium is 0.01-4, preferably 0.03-0.08 wt.%; water used in the aqueous solution is 10-20, preferably 10-15 ml, with respect to 1 g of (V); and potassium iodide is 0-0.2, preferably 0.09-0.1 g, with respect to 1 g of (V). ACTIVITY - Neuroleptic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Dopamine D2 receptor blocker; 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor blocker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Comprises: The alkali is (in %): quaternary ammonium alkali (57.40), dehydrogenated tetrahydropalmatine (14.05), tetrandrine (4.06), 13-methyl dehydrogenated benzydamine alkali (1.34), or palmatine (4.10). Preferred Method: The method involves performing high performance liquid chromatography by obtaining octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as filling agent, 0.8% of glacial acetic acid, acetonitrile-water and 0.2% of triethylamine, where ratio of glacial acetic acid and triethylamine is 24:76, detection wavelength is 335 nm, and theory plate number is not less than 3000, weighing reference substance solution and test sample solution, absorbing the reference substance solution and 10 mu l of test sample solution, injecting the solution into liquid phase chromatograph, and measuring the solution to obtain the product. ACTIVITY - Cardiant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of salicylamide and triphosgene is 1:0.33-1, preferably 1:0.34-0.5. The reaction temperature is performed at -20 degrees C to 50 degrees C (preferably, 5-15 degrees C) in presence of inert solvent. The inert solvent is chosen from hydrocarbon, ether, ketone and ester solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent is chosen from alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon or its derivative. The ether solvent is chosen from aliphatic ether, aromatic ether or its derivative. The ketone solvent is chosen from lower aliphatic ketone or its derivative. The ester solvent is chosen from fatty acid ester, aromatic acid ester or its derivative. The obtained product is neutralized using an alkali, and filtering the decoction. The base comprises inorganic alkali and/or organic alkali. The inorganic alkali is hydroxide, carbonate or hydrocarbonate of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal oxide. The organic alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine and/or aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The Livestock excretion composting installation further comprises selector which selects foreign materials mixed in the compost. The pulverizing roller is installed inside the excrement storing container to pulverize and transport livestock excretion. The mixing unit is rotated inside the production unit. The transport unit and connection hopper is installed at the production housing or the mixing unit. The livestock excretion is transferred by inner side of transport unit to the rotating center and delivered to the inside of the rotating center and to the outside of the production housing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction is done at 50-90 (preferably 70-85) degrees C for 1-8 (preferably 2-5) hours. The concentrating of the dilute phosphoric acid is done at 77-80 degrees C and pressure of 10-11 kPa. Preferred Components: The sulfuric acid has a concentration of 5-80 (preferably 25-60) g/l, and is added at 95-120 (preferably 100-115) wt.%. The ratio of residue to the sulfuric acid is 1:2-7.5. The residue is free of water; and comprises (wt.%) phosphorus pentoxide (15-40) and fluorine (4-15). The dilute phosphoric acid comprises phosphorus pentoxide (15-33 wt.%). The concentrated phosphoric acid comprises phosphorus pentoxide (35-54 wt.%). The fluoride derivative is fluorosilicic acid, ammonium fluorosilicate, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium difluoride, cryolite, aluminum fluoride, calcium fluoride and/or hydrofluoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The fluoride is fluorosilicic acid, ammonium fluorosilicate, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, cryolite, aluminum fluoride, calcium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic alkali is potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrolysis is carried out by adding methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The device comprises oxygen supply pipe, which supplies oxygen inside the fermenter and accelerates proteolysis of the thermophilic microorganisms, vacuum pump, which is connected to gas exhaust port, rotary shaft, which is rotatably installed in central part of the fermenter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is Liquanase (RTM: Protease). The added amount of enzyme is 0.25-0.5 weight%. Preferred Method: The method further involves agitating after addition of enzyme. The method further involves cooling the product after sterilization, and adding at least one of additive, sorbic acid and Stevia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive includes potassium phosphate, boron, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron, blue vitriol, and calcium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural potassium is formed by utilizing grass and wood ash obtained from tobacco stem, sesame stem and red pepper part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing components (in wt.%): sawdust (5), red clay (30), and wastewater sludge produced from cosmetic industries, dairy industry and cereal processed foodstuff industry (10, each), and wastewater sludge produced from potato processing food industry and corn starch processing food industry (15, each) to obtain mixture, and adding the microbial agent (5). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction binding acid agent comprises sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting 1 time of substituted benzene compound of formula (II) (the quantity of the material is unit) and 1-2 times of a benzaldehyde oxime compound of formula (III) in acetone, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide solvent by alkali as binding acid agent at room temperature.X = leaving group comprising Cl, Br or I.Preferred Process: The reaction time is 0.5-48 hours. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Antibacterial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fertilizer is made by mixing pig urine, water, and aerobic microorganism (1-2%). The volume ratio of pig urine and water is 70-80:20-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst used for hydrogenation contains palladium, platinum and/or ruthenium (0.1-3 wt.%) as main component along with rhenium, molybdenum and/or cobalt as additive (0.5-3 wt.%), supported on a carrier. The carrier is silica, zirconia and/or activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of oxygenated organic compound in the aqueous phase is 1-12 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The higher alcohol is 3-8C higher alcohols, and the water content of higher alcohols is 5% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves heating and drying the mixture at 350-400 degrees C. The solid fuel is obtained by drying and heating sewage sludge which is stored in tank, and crushing the dried sewage sludge. Preferred Components: The solid fuel comprises (in wt.%): anthracite coal (13-17), coal (1-3), diatomite, loess, and rice chaff (1-2, each), and sawdust (1-3 with respect to 100 of excretion sludge mixture). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves adding (in parts weight) deodorization material, preferably illite (clay mineral) (5-10) to the pulverized food waste (100) containing waste food granules and food-drink. The step (c) involves decomposing the food waste at 50-60 degrees C, where the moisture content of the food waste is 50-70%. The method further involves adding water to the fermenter for controlling moisture content of the food waste during decomposing process. The step (e) involves fermenting the food waste at 60-70 degrees C for 15-20 days, where the fermentation condition includes oxygen content of 10-30 vol.%. The wastewater generated during the fermentation process is re-circulated using transfer pipe. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The moisture content of the food waste is 50-70%, where the first fermentation process is performed at 50-60 degrees C. The wastewater generated during the fermentation step, is precipitated in the lower portion of the fermentor, and separated from a transfer pipe using a filtration tub. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is selected from nitrates, oxalates, hydroxides, chlorides, sulfates, nickel, cobalt or their mixtures. The washing is performed with a substance selected from hydrogen fluoride, sodium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol or their mixtures. The oxidizing agent is selected from halogen, permanganate, hypochlorite, chlorate, nitric acid, peroxides, sulfuric acid or their mixtures, preferably nitric acid. The metal is selected from ruthenium, rhenium, osmium, molybdenum, tin, chromium, nickel, rhodium, iridium, tungsten, cobalt, palladium, platinum, vanadium or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon precursor is selected from furan resin or mixture of resorcinol and formaldehyde. The alcohol is selected from ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The catalytic bed is an alcohol dehydration catalyst arranged as a fixed bed in the reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol and the ether is diethyl ether or the alcohol is methanol and the ether is dimethyl ether. EXAMPLE - Reactor containing a catalyst bed was operated at an inlet temperature of 220 degrees C and under a pressure of 60 bars. The primary fuel was wet ethanol (5 wt.% water), and the fuel flow was adjusted to reach a conversion degree of 70% with the catalyst mass. The primary fuel exits the primary fuel tank at 20 degrees C and passes through the heat exchanger, which was designed for pre-heating the primary fuel up to 220 degrees C (no need of the electric start-up heater at this stage). The hot primary fuel passes through the catalyst bed, where 70% of the ethanol was converted to diethyl ether. The reaction was exothermic, and the On-Board alcohol to ether (OBATE) fuel mixture reaches a temperature of 236 degrees C. During its subsequent passage through the heat-exchanger the fuel mixture was cooled down to 50 degrees C The pressure of the OBATE stream was reduced to 5 bars and some lubrication medium was added prior to storage of the mixture in the buffer tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electroconductive element is formed using metal material such as iron, nickel, and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A suction device is provided as a functional unit of the system, which sucks gases originating during the torrefaction from the torrefaction device, and supplies gasses to the supply device as a fuel. A heat exchanger is provided as a further functional unit that recovers heat emitted by the torrefaction device and supplies heat to at least one further functional unit. A pre-drying device, preferably a cyclone dryer is provided as a further functional unit that pre-dries the biomass from the feeding device and supplies the biomass to the torrefaction device. A condenser is provided as a further functional unit that condenses moisture from the gases sucked from the torrefaction device. A conditioning device is provided as a further functional unit for cooling and/or moistening of the torrefied biomass. A compressing and/or pelletizing device is provided as a further functional unit for compressing and/or pelletizing the torrefied, preferably conditioned biomass to biocoal. The feed device comprises a chipper. Preferred Method: The torrefaction device is operated with thermal oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The predetermined object includes at least one of a maximum production of the liquid fuel, a minimum energy input to the reaction chamber or a longest use duration of a catalyst used in the reaction chamber. The regulating device includes a valve located between the heated area and the reactor. The system further comprises: and a heat exchanger, heating up the hydrocarbon and the carbon dioxide; and a combustor, generating an additional carbon dioxide in a sixth controlled volume, and heating the heated area. In the system, an oxygen is supplied to the combustor in a seventh controlled volume and an additional carbon monoxide is supplied to the combustor in an eighth controlled volume. The heated area is heated by a solar energy. The liquid fuel is transformed into a gaseous form by a recycled heat energy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressure in the reactor is regulated by a valve located between the heated area and the reactor. The method further comprises: heating up the hydrocarbon and the carbon dioxide by a heat exchanger; generating an additional carbon dioxide in a sixth controlled volume by a combustor, and heating the heated area by the combustor; supplying an oxygen to the combustor in a seventh controlled volume, and supplying an additional carbon monoxide to the combustor in an eighth controlled volume; heating the heated area by a solar energy; and transforming the liquid fuel into a gaseous form by a recycled heat energy. The additional hydrogen is pressurized and supplied cyclically. The liquid fuel is stored with at least one of water, a carbon donor, ammonia or an additive used to improve energy density. The carbon dioxide is supplied from an ethanol plant. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon comprises methane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The high temperature or ultra-high-temperature solubilization process is performed at 50-90 degrees C and at pH of 5-7. The method involves using gas containing hydrogen which is produced in the high temperature or ultra-high-temperature solubilization process for the anaerobic digestion process. The method involves independently supplying gas containing hydrogen which is produced in the high temperature or ultra-high-temperature solubilization process or gas containing hydrogen which is produced in the high temperature or ultra-high-temperature solubilization process and methane which is produced in the anaerobic digestion process to upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, methane formation fluid bed, or methane formation fixed bed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (a), the strains are cultured in tube at 21-33 degrees C for 20-48 hours, then the tube cultured strains are transferred into shaking flask (1000 ml) and cultured at 25-32 degrees C at a speed of 180-220 revolutions per minute for 15-22 hours. The cultured strains are then inoculated into seed tank (1 ton) and stirred at 25-32 degrees C for 18-22 hours. The seed tank cultured strains are inoculated into liquid fermentation tank (10 tons) and cultured at 26-32 degrees C for 20-48 hours. The mature broth is obtained when microscopic examination shows that fermentation liquor strains have grown densely and the consumption of reducing sugar is less than 2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The dewatering of the wet algal biomass includes centrifuging, filtering, settling, or float fractionating. The second heavier phase is separated from the second lighter phase by decanting, membrane filtration, or centrifugation. The second lighter phase is heated prior to separating the neutral lipids from the second lighter phase. The second hydrophobic solvent set is removed from the second lighter phase by evaporation or distillation, to generate a neutral lipid fraction. The first and/or second amphipathic solvent set is evaporated, and is recovered (preferably is chilled and recovered). The first and/or second hydrophobic solvent set is recovered (preferably is chilled and recovered). The first and/or second extraction mixture is heated (preferably is heated with microwaves, water, steam, hot oil, or electricity) at atmospheric pressure, or in a pressurized reactor (preferably batch or continuous reactor).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and/or second amphipathic solvent set comprises acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanone, dimethyl ether, propionaldehyde, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-propanol, water, heavy (D2O), ethylene glycol, and/or glycerin. The first and/or second hydrophobic solvent set comprises propane, butane, pentane, butene, propene, naphtha, alkane, hexane, pentane, heptane, octane, ester, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, aromatic compound, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, haloalkane, chloroform, trichloroethylene, ether, diethyl ether, diesel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The liliaceae is planted in an artificial wetland system. ACTIVITY - Antitubercular; Tuberculostatic; Antitussive; Antiinflammatory; Antiasthmatic; Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode is composed of platinum plating titanium or stainless steel. The negative electrode is made of magnesium, aluminum and alloy of amphoteric metal. The hydrogen-producing apparatus is provided with alkaline electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Isomerization and recirculation of 67-80% of byproduct is carried out. The ratio of final product is 20-33%. Hydrofinishing reaction is carried out to saturate double bond, after the isomerization reaction. The impurities of gas component are removed using pressure swing adsorption (PSA), absorptive tower or scrubber. The gas-liquid mixture after isomerization reaction is mixed with the supply material without boosting apparatus and/or gas-liquid separator. Separation is performed by high temperature/high pressure gas-liquid separator and a low temperature/high pressure gas-liquid separator. The hydrogenated deoxygenation is processed in multistage in one or more reactors by adjusting temperature range. The heat generated from the hydrogenated deoxygenation is further heat-collected. Saturation reaction of double bond is performed at 120-260 degrees C, preferably 150-250 degrees C and triglyceride decomposition reaction and deoxygenation are performed at 270-350 degrees C, preferably 280-330 degrees C. Hydrodeoxygenation and hydrofinishing are processed at pressure of 25-60 kgf/cm2 and liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5-2 hours-1. Isomerization is processed at 250-350 degrees C and 25-60 kgf/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves digging a pit, burying the carcass of an animal, placing apparatus comprising base layer, air supply pipe, geomembrane layer, carcass layer and capping layer in the pit, supplying air to the apparatus, forming rain shelter over the capping layer, placing the microbial formulation on the carcass in the base layer, covering the layer on the top of the carcass layer to prevent the reaction with environment. The microbial formulation is aerobic caldo-active bacteria formulation maintained at 50-65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (claimed): The mannanase is separated from C.cellulovorans. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1971 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. Preferred vector: The recombinant vector has cleavage map which is given in figure 4 of patent specification. Preferred Method: The method involves processing the lignocellulosic biomass with the cellulosome complex. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The waste oil is hydrolyzed at pressure of 2-3.5 MPa. The esterification and dealcoholizing steps are carried out at 0.8-1.5 MPa. The neutralizing step is carried out at 70-90 degrees C. The multistage distillation is rectification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The odor treatment device is provided with three odor processing tanks connected in order, where the processing tank is filled with calcium oxide, activated carbon or zeolite powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using wastewater generated during papermaking as solvent and oxidant, and reacting wastewater generated during papermaking and biomass to obtain organic acid. The reaction is carried out at 230-280 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The small molecular organic compound comprises biomass depolymerization and wastewater generated during papermaking lignin depolymerization. The aromatic small molecule organic compound comprises phenol small molecule organic substance and/or monocyclic oligomer. The molecular weight of the oligomer monocyclic small molecule organic substance is not more than not greater than 600. The amount of carbohydrate present in biomass is equal or close to the total weight of wastewater generated during papermaking. The ratio of the biomass solid to liquid wastewater generated during papermaking 1:7 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises benzene, aviation kerosene, ethanol, and dicyclopentadienyl iron in a weight ratio of 1:2:2:0.01. The benzene comprises xylene and/or toluene, and dicyclopentadienyl iron. Preferred Method: The method of preparing fuel involves adding the additive into methanol, adding benzene to the solution, adding gasoline to the above solution and obtaining fuel without stirring. The compatible additive is prepared by adding dicyclopentadienyl iron into container, and adding benzene and the above additives to the solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The content of the photocatalyst material is 90 %mass or less. The holding unit is wall, floor, fence, and ventilation filter. The materials of ventilation filter are nonwoven fabric and woven fabric. The breeding environment comprises shower or sprinkler. Preferred Method: The method involves formulating the photocatalyst material into powder form or liquid form, and coating and spraying the liquid or powder in soil, water, floor of the breeding environment, and wall surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic acid aqueous solution is 0.l-12 (preferably 0.5-2.5) mol/liter hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, 0.l-12 mol/liter nitric acid aqueous solution, or 0.l-10 mol/liter sulfuric acid aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aromatic organic sulfonic acid compound is p-toluene sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, o-methylbenzene-sufonic acid, benzene-m-disulfonic acid, and/or 1,3,5-benzene trisulfonic acid. The mole ratio of indole-3-formic acid, tropine, and aromatic organic sulfonic acid compound is 1:1-3:0.01-0.5, preferably 1:1.1:0.07-0.07. The inert solvent is benzene, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, 2-dichloroethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, or ethyl acetate. Preferred Method: The esterification is conducted under the condition of continuous dehydration by azeotropic reflux separating water, molecular sieve water-absorption, or anhydrous magnesium sulfate water absorption. The dosage of the inert solvent is 3-30 (preferably 10-15) times of the mass of the indole-3-formic acid. The esterification is conducted at 50-150 (preferably 55-95) degrees C for 2-35 (preferably 8-18) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The olive leaves are cut to 1-2 cm. The low temperature extraction is conducted at 20-70 degrees C. The extracting solvent is purified water with volume of 12-16 times, or purified 40-80% ethanol with volume of 10-12 times. Concentrating at low temperature is conducted at 30-60 degrees C to 18-25% concentrate. Preferred Component: The fatty alcohol is 1-3C prim. alcohol and sec. alcohol, preferably ethanol. The eluting volume of fatty alcohol is 1-5 times more than volume of column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is yeast extract. The carbon source is cane sugar or saccharified maize flour. The liquid loading amount in the fermentation culturing work procedure is 20-30%. The viable bacteria or spore in the fermentation liquid after 48 hours is more than 3.4x 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml. The weight ratio of Bacillus vallismorti to Bacillus subtilis to Bacillus mucilaginosus is (1-15):(1-10):(1-8), preferably (8-12):(2-7):(2-7). Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the inorganic fertilizer and/or trace element fertilizer is further added.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline matter is lime, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fatty alcohol is propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butanol, and/or amyl alcohol. The fatty ether is diethyl ether, butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dimethyl ether, and/or methyl phenyl ether. The aliphatic ketone is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and/or methyl isobutyl ketone. The oxidant is nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitroethane, peracetic acid, performic acid, and/or benzoyl peroxide. The corrosion inhibitor is mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, methyl benzotriazole, and/or hexadecylamine. The less volatile soluble compound containing F, O, and/or N is ammonium fluoride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and/or carbamide. The aromatic hydrocarbon is methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and/or propyl benzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The defoamer is nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, polydimethyl silicone, polyether-modified silicone, and/or tributyl phosphate. The active agent is Span-85 (RTM: sorbitan trioleate), Span-80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether AEO3, and/or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether OP-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and ammonia water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethylene and methylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The condensation in step (1) is carried out for 1-10 hours at 0-80 degrees C. The condensation in step (2) is carried out for 0.5-10 hours at -50 degrees C to 20 degrees C. The acidification in step (3) is carried out for 1-10 hours at 50-70 degrees C. The etherification in step (3) is carried out for 1-24 hours at -50 degrees C to 50 degrees C. The hydrolysis in step (3) specifically comprises hydrolyzing (V) with the acid for 1-24 hours at 0-50 degrees C; and the mass-volume ratio of (V) to the acid is 1:1-50. Preferred Components: In the step (1), the molar ratio of (II) to trichloroethyl chloroformate is 1 to (2-5). The molar ratio of (III), (IV) and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide in step (2) is 1:1-3:2-5. The molar ratio of (V) to the zinc in step (3) is 1:30-50. The molar ratio of (V) to the inorganic alkali to the etherifying agent in step (3) is 1:1-10:2-20. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) receptor inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The waste mother liquor is filtered through nano-filtration membrane. The nano-filtration membrane is made of polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene or cellulose acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The inclination is surface inclination. The fermenting agent (10%) comprises rice straw, disinfectant and quicklime. The method further involves forming molding layer over 50 cm. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The third inlet is connected with the inlet of the reflux feeding pump. The outlet of the reflux feeding pump is connected with the two sections of methylamine liquid. The third and the first inlet are located at the upper part of the gas stripping hydrolysis tower and the second inlet is located on the lower part of the gas stripping hydrolysis tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidant of the oxidization reaction is potassium permanganate. The gelatinizing agent is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The crosslinking agent is borax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The plant starch is swelled with water before the oxidization reaction. Swelling is carried out for 5-10 minutes. Oxidization reaction is performed in water. The oxidization reaction is performed under acid conditions, where the pH value of the acid conditions is 1-2.5. Oxidation is carried out at 45-60 degrees C for 10-45 minutes. The oxidization reaction is terminated by hyposulfite. The crosslinking reaction is carried out for 10-30 minutes at 40-45 degrees C. The method further comprises adding tributyl phosphate after the crosslinking reaction. Preferred Component: The plant starch is corn starch, wheat starch, potato starch, or cassava starch. The pts.mass ratio of the plant starch to water is 1: (2.5-4). The catalyst of the oxidization reaction is oxalic acid. The pts.mass ratio of the plant starch to the oxidant to the catalyst is 100: (1.5-2.0): (1.0-2.0). The pts.mass ratio of the gelatinizing agent to the plant starch is (8-10): 100. The pts.mass ratio of the crosslinking agent to the plant starch is (0.5-2.0): 100. The pts.mass ratio of the tributyl phosphate to the plant starch is (0.10.5): 100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The method further utilizes potassium component that is natural potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve is SAP0-18 and SAP0-34 (preferred). The reaction pressure is 0.01-0.3 MPa; the reaction zone by average temperature gauge is 400-500 degrees C, where average carbon deposition of the catalyst is 1.5-3.5 wt.%. The active index of the regenerated catalyst is more than 0.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic material is feeded at 20-50% to the regenerator, and returned at 50-80% to the reaction zone. The regenerated catalyst is gassed at 1/2-4/5 height of the reaction zone, where the methanol conversion rate is more than 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor comprises at least one metal-(Group VIb) semiconductors, and is of formula (MmA1a). The semiconductor material having elevated phosphorus content comprises at least one or more metal-(Group VIb)-phosphorus species, and is of formula (M1nA2bP1x). The semiconductor or semiconductor material is at least partly prepared by electrodeposition of an electrolyte from an ionic liquid or an aqueous solution or a solution in other solvents. The supporting electrolyte is primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary nitrogen and/or phosphorus species.M, M1 = metal;A1, A2 = Group VIb species;m, a, n, b = 1-5;M1 = metal, may be same as M;P1 = phosphorus species; andx = greater than 0 and less than 5. Preferred Definitions:    M, M1 = Ti, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co. Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ir, Cd, In, Sn, and/or the rare-earth metals; and    A1, A2 = O, S, Se and Te.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The second strain of algae comprises Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or Scenedesmus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (I) further comprises: heating the biomass during at least one of steps (b), (d) and (f) to a temperature below the boiling point of the extraction solvent set at the conditions present during the corresponding step; heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during at least one of steps (b), (d) and (f); utilizing at least one of the first and second liquid fractions, and third solid biomass fraction (comprising carbohydrates) to produce at least one of an animal feed, a human food and a nutraceutical product; and growing the algal cells under suitable conditions to promote the production of neutral lipids, where carbon dioxide is provided to the algal cells as a carbon source, wastewater is provided to the algal cells, and the wastewater is bioremediated by the algal cells. The bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. In the method, the conditions sufficient to produce hydrogen comprise at least one of deprivation of sulfur, anaerobic conditions and dark conditions. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The A.commutatum is planted on automatic oxygen supplying constructed wetland system. The internal region of the wetland bed comprises wet land filling substrate and shale hollow brick, where oxygen is automatically supplied to the wetland system through the pores of the shale hollow brick. The filling substrate grain size and the filling thickness are screened by manpower. The wetland is filled with a gravel layer having thickness of 15 cm and grain size of 10-20 mm. The wetland comprises furnace residue layer having thickness of 20 cm and grain size of 1-10 mm. The wetland comprises sand soil layer having thickness of 15 cm. The water inlet mode of the wetland system adopts intermittent water inlet, where oxygen is supplemented to the wetland system during the period without feeding water so that automatic oxygen supply ability in the wetland system is improved. The aged leaves of the A.commutatum are removed regularly to prevent secondary pollution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The subcritical or supercritical state is carried out at 330-480 degrees C and pressure of 15-30 MPa. Preferred sludge: The sludge is obtained from the purified factory or municipal sludge. The sludge contains at least one element of iron, cobalt, nickel and molybdenum. The water content of the sludge is 65-99 wt.%. The liquefaction reaction is carried out at 380-450 degrees C. The oil contains naphtha, gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. The oil is cooled and separated to obtain naphtha, gasoline, diesel and fuel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The water content of mixed sludge is 88-98%. The reflux ratio is 5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is performed by collecting biochemical sludge or animal dung in container, adding it to bags using screw conveyer located at the bottom of the container, and adding (in g): brown sugar (150-250), Effective microorganisms (RTM: Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and fungi) (800-1200) and urea (80-120) in each bag of biochemical sludge or animal dung, simultaneously. In step (c), the earthworm germchits are added at a volume of 7000-9000. In step (d) the temperature and humidity in the bags are maintained at 20-25 degrees C and 65-75%. In step (e), the treated dung is separated from the earthworm after 40-50 days by placing the bags on vibrating screen, where the hole-size of the screen is 0.5-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves reacting feedstock oil, short-chain alcohol, (molar ratio of oil to alcohol is 1:4-8), water (2%~20% of the oil mass) and liquid lipase (with a enzyme activity unit of 200-2000 U for 1g of oil) in single-stage or multi-stage enzymatic reactor at 30-55 degrees C for 3-8 hours, separating the reaction fluid into enzyme-containing heavy phase and light phase, recycling and reusing zymoprotein within the heavy phase using light phase in subsequent immobilized enzyme conversion, adding light phase and the short-chain alcohol (molar ratio of oil to alcohol is 1:1-3) into the single-stage or multi-stage enzymatic reactor containing the immobilized lipase (with enzyme activity unit of 200-1000 U for 1 g of oil), reacting at 20-55 degrees C for 3-10 hours. In method, short-chain alcohol is fed into the reactor at constant or variable speed for 3-8 hours. Preferred Components: The zymoprotein is metal film, organic film, inorganic film or ceramic film. The barrier is organic film, inorganic film or ceramic film. The molecular sieve is 3 Angstrom or 4 Angstrom molecular sieve. The lipase is Candida Antarctica, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Aspergillus niger, A.oryzae, Rhizomucor miehei and Rhizopus oryzae. The short-chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanol. The biological oil is vegetable oil, animal fat or microbial oil. The vegetable oil is castor oil, palm oil, colza oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, curcasoil, shinyleaf yellowhorn oil or tung oil. The animal fat is fish oil, beef tallow, lard or mutton tallow. The microbial oil is yeast oil or microalgae oil. The oil and fat further comprises waste vegetable oil or oil refining scraps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding suitable quantity of the feedstock oil and lipase (with an enzyme activity unit of 20-2000 U, preferably 500-1500 U for 1 g of oil) into single-stage or multi-stage enzymatic reactor, and aqueous ethanol (5-80%, preferably 35-70%) into the system during reaction process. The reaction process is carried out at 25-50 degrees C for 5-9 hours. The molar ratio of ethanol to oil is 4-5:1. Preferred Component: The lipase is chosen from Candida antarctica, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Aspergillus niger, A.oryzae, Rhizomucor miehei and Rhizopus oryzae. Preferred Oil: The oil is biological oil, including vegetable oil, animal fat or microbial oil. The vegetable oil is castor oil, palm oil, colza oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, curcasoil, shiny leaf yellowhorn oil or tung oil. The animal fat is fish oil, beef tallow, lard or mutton tallow. The microbial oil is yeast oil or microalgae oil. The oil and fat also contains waste vegetable oil or oil refining scraps. The waste vegetable oil is hogwash oil or swill-cooked dirty oil. The oil refining scraps are acid oils. The ethanol is obtained from industrial fermentation of ethanol crude products or industrial alcohol crude products. The short-chain alcohol is fed into the reactor at constant or variable speed, for 3-4 hours to feed the alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves using catalyst chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and their hydroxide or salt, where the catalyst is added in an amount of 0-5 wt.%. Preferred Component: The slurry comprises solid particles of 300 microns or less. Preferred Device: The supercritical reaction device is chosen from high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, fluidized bed and continuous tubular reactor and the device is resistant to high temperature and pressure, where the reactor is connected in series.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite fuel is prepared by uniformly stirring the above components, allowing the mixture to stand for 5-8 days to obtain briquette, baking the mixture at 100-150 degrees C, and air-drying the product. Preferred Components: The coalification agent comprises (in %mass): sodium nitrate (0.5-1), magnesia (1-2), calcium carbonate (0.1-0.5), sodium oxalate (0.5-1), and sodium hydroxide, starch and smoke suppressant (0.5-2, each).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soda comprises liquid sodium hydroxide and solid sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ultra-filtration membrane is made of inorganic materials containing ceramic materials, metals, alloys and other non-metal materials, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, aromatic polyamide, cellulose acetate, and/or composite membrane materials. The nano-filtration membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, aromatic polyamide, cellulose acetate, and/or composite membrane materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The bacterial strain of colibacillus lacking LDH gene and PFL gene activity is E. coli NZN111.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The catalytically modified coal tar, wood tar, or bamboo tar is obtained by adding coal tar, wood tar, or bamboo tar into a reactor containing modification catalyst particles comprising white clay and sodium borate; and reacting for 5-6 hours at 60 degrees C and 2 atm. The coal tar is brown or black brown sticky liquid obtained during the process of dry distillation of coal. The wood tar is prepared from wood (needlebush or other woods) carbonized in charcoal kiln or prepared by distillation in the distillation retort or in distillation furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom of the first sedimentation tank is provided with a sludge discharge port, and the second sedimentation tank has a coral-type filter material. The aerobic tank is provided with a suspended biological carrier, where the suspending biological carrier is a cylindrical, spherical or rhombic. The suspending biological carrier is a plastic member biological carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonated board is standard of 50cmx 100cmx 5cm, and is made by mixing cement number 325, heat insulating material perlite, iron wire number 5, and fine sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal carbonate is lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or rubidium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali solution comprises N-substituted pyrrolidone. The alkali solvent also includes N-ethylpyrrolidone, triethylamine, or dimethyl formamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the reaction is carried out at 200-400 degrees C, at a pressure of 2-30 MPa. The stirring speed is 100-500 rotations/minute for 10-120 minutes. In the step (iii) the reaction product is allowed to stand for 10-120 minutes. The vacuum degree of carbon-dioxide active gas passed during vacuum drying and distilling is 400-700 mm of mercury. The vacuum degree of overheated vapor during vacuum drying and distilling the first filtrate is 100-700 mm of mercury.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is derived from a plant belonging to the species Pennisetum hybridum. The biomass is derived from the whole parts of the plan, preferably from stem and leaves. The step of incubating feedstock slurry is performed in the presence of a microorganism comprising geneses of Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanothermus, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Methanogenium, Methanospirillum, Methanoplanus, Methanosphaera, Methanosarcina, Methanolobus, Methanoculleus, Methanothrix, Methanosaeta, Methanopyrus or Methanocorpusculum, for 10-100 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of preparing the feedstock, comprises milling, hydrolysis, steam explosion treatment, irradiation, thermal treatment, organosolv process, ozonolysis, wet oxidation and/or biological degradation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the temperature control system, the controller (5-1) is a single chip microcomputer. The single chip microcomputer is chip PIC24F16KA102. The pressure sensor (5-3) is a metal resistance strain sensor BEF2000. The temperature sensor (5-4) is a thermal resistor Cu100. The display circuit (5-7) is a nixie light display circuit or a liquid crystal display circuit. The heat-dissipation stack (4) is with a spiral pipe structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The fines generated by the particle size reduction process are removed via air classification or screening, or a similar process. The catalyst is split by use of physical screening process. The catalyst is first separated via air classification and then further separated into one or more fractions via a physical screening process. The fines are re-milled in order that they can be re spray-dried into useful product. The catalyst fraction above the threshold is processed so that its average particle size is reduced by at least 10 microns, and the catalyst, which has been processed is re-blended with another catalyst or catalyst fraction. The particle size reduction is done via a milling-type operation. The milled product is reclassified to remove particles smaller than a minimum value. The fines of the milled product below the minimum value microns are re-milled to less than 10 microns and subsequently combined with other catalyst components to produce spray-dried products of average particle size greater than the minimum value. Preferred Components: The threshold is 85microns and in which the catalyst fraction above the threshold is processed so that its average particle size is reduced by at least 10 microns. The minimum threshold is equal or smaller than 41 microns, preferably 31 microns, and the maximum threshold is equal or larger than 70 microns, preferably larger than 89 microns. The minimum threshold value of the composition is 20-50 microns and the maximum, preferably 30 microns, threshold is 70-110 microns, preferably 90 microns. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The screening step comprises removing the mixture of some foreign bodies (stone and seed shell) or raw materials that could not be eaten by worms. The catalysis of the chelating ions is performed by adding Moringa leaves in the vermicompost. The pre-composting comprises separately grinding stems and fibers associated with insects until obtaining homogeneous powder packed for the first decomposition level and then mixed with the sewage sludge of the palm oil in a certain proportion. The vermicomposting consists of a culture of earthworms in the complex sewage sludge, powdered stems and fiber followed by neutralization and desalting of the environment. The insects are associated to the fertilizer rich in potassium. The neutralization comprises superimposing fine sewage sludge layers and layers of a fibrous body in any one swath, then returning to the windrow once a week, which allows to have, at the end of three months, sludge increased from an acidic pH to a neutral pH. The desalination comprises reducing proportions in mud to 5-10%, then water thoroughly until the mushrooms that will not only destroy the salt but also serve as food for the worms. Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is combined with conventional chemical fertilizer of urea, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, or potassium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Variant: In the CelZ variant, the variant has at least 95-99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: Z. The CelZ variant comprises at least one substitution selected from Asp90Gly, Gln234His, Asp304Tyr, Asp324Glu, Val330Ala and Delta Asn383Thr-Asp-Asn-Asn-Ile-Gly-Ser-Gly using the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Z for determining position numbering. The CelZ variant comprises Asp90Gly, Gln234His and Delta Asn383Thr-Asp-Asn-Asn-Ile-Gly-Ser-Gly. The CelZ variant comprises fully defined 391 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: B), given in the specification, Val330Ala, fully defined 384 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: D), given in the specification, Asp324Glu, fully defined 384 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: E), given in the specification, Asp304Tyr, and/or fully defined 384 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: C), given in the specification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The wood material comprises mixed forest biomass and spruce chips. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The concomitant reduction of carbon dioxide is carried out by addition of copper ions to electrolyte at concentration of more than 0.005 M. The gaseous effluent of cell is introduced into immediate downstream cell, to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in final reaction mixture. Preferred Composition: The cathode comprises electroconductive material containing copper or glassy carbon. The electrolyte is aqueous solution of inorganic salt in which carbon dioxide is soluble, and the inorganic salt is chosen from potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride, preferably potassium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: Basidiomycete is Neolentinus lepideus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alcohol is produced by fermenting saccharide-containing carbon source such as wheat bran, rice straw, biomass, cellulose, timber, sawdust, paper, pulp, straw, chaff, organic refuse, foodstuff, milk based drink, agricultural residue, bagasse, cut grass, and/or weeds, using basidiomycete. The basidiomycete saccharifies the carbon source to produce saccharide, and the basidiomycete ferments the saccharide to produce alcohol. Saccharification and fermentation are performed in parallel in the same container. Alcohol production method produces alcohol by an integrated bioprocess. Preferred Components: Saccharide is pentose which is xylose. Alcohol contains ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The enzymatic action of microorganisms performs biodiesel fuel formation reaction and glycerol reduction (volume reduction) reaction simultaneously in the same reaction tank. The microbial cells are inoculated into raw material to produce koji-malt. The microorganisms are filamentous fungi or yeast. The microorganisms are Rhizopus or Pichia. Preferred Raw Material: The raw material is chosen from soybean curd residue produced as waste in industries during manufacture of food using soybean, foodstuff materials e.g. bran, wheat bran, and apple dregs, and polished rice. The koji-malt is produced using the raw material containing grain or its processed material. Preferred Method: The method involves adding alcohol stepwise in the reaction system. The reaction system is contained in reaction tank and is allowed to stand for a predetermined period of time, where the reaction tank has predetermined height and hole for recovering biodiesel at bottom of the tank. The biodiesel fuel is recovered by precipitating suspended solids between the bottom surface and the lower edge of recovery hole. The method involves recovering microbial cells in the reaction system, measuring lipase activity of microbial cell, reusing the cells when the lipase activity is more than predetermined value or drying the cells when the lipase activity is less than predetermined value to produce feed or fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protein degradating bacteria is ray fungi and Mucor. The starch degrading bacteria is Aspergillus and saccharomycetes. The fatty degradating bacteria is Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The cellulose degradating bacterium is trichoderma and penicillium. The weight ratio of bamboo charcoal:wood soil:zeolite:rice bran is 1-2:1-2:3-4:1-2:2-3. The mass of the compound strain is 5-15% of the carrier material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The culture box is openable to remove the breeding box. The separating unit has a structure of separator cartridge which has a stirring apparatus, where the separator cartridge communicates with outside atmosphere using a ventilation unit. The box comprises partition plate at the top and collection groove at the bottom. The groove has a discharge tube connected to the lower point separator cartridge. The discharge tube is controlled by a control valve. The stirring apparatus comprises rotating assembly surrounded by casing, rotating shaft and several mixing teeth, where the stirring apparatus is connected to box unit. The compost fermentation storehouse comprises a filter and deodorizing device in the outside portion and an insulated air outlet on the inner portion. The bottom of box unit is equipped with a pulley.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pure wood gas is introduced into the carbonizing furnace as a fuel for heating and carbonizing the bamboo branch tip leftover material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dehydrating step comprises dehydrating the stirred raw material; adding the binder in the dehydrated raw material in step, and stirring the material. The prilling process includes plating using the dehydrated raw material; stoving the plate; and obtaining the particles by crushing and screening. Preferred Component: The activated carbon working as the raw material is made by flotation technology of coal ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The biomass cuttings is bamboo crumbs and/or bits of wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acetone is analytically pure acetone; the mass concentration of the ethanol is 70%; and acetone, ethanol and distilled water washing time is 15-25 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding polyvinyl alcohol to deionized water, where the alcohol degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 98-99 degrees . The method involves adding lysozyme (2.8-4.8 wt.%) and itraconazole (0.2-0.4 wt.%) in phosphate buffer. The product is spinned at 18-20 kV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The carbonization is anaerobic carbonization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The R. palmatum is planted in an automatic oxygen-supplying artificial wetland system. Inner part of a wetland bed is composed of filling matrixes and hollow shale bricks; and oxygen is automatically supplied into the wetland system by the pores of the hollow shale bricks. Particle size and filling thickness of the filling matrixes are manually screened. The wetland is filled with a gravel layer having a thickness of 15 cm and a granularity of 10-20 mm, a slag layer having a thickness of 20 cm and a granularity of 1-10 mm, and a sand layer having a thickness of 15 cm. The water is fed to the wetland system in an intermittent inflowing manner; and the oxygen in the wetland system is further supplemented in the time without feeding water so as to improve the automatic oxygen supplying ability of the wetland system. One part of R. palmatum plant is periodically harvested to be used medicinally; and the old leaves are removed to avoid secondary pollution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dielectric material and the topographical enhancement comprise carbon, silicon, carbon or boron nitride, or carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron oxide nanoparticles are surface modified. The iron oxide nanoparticles are Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The diameter of the iron oxide nanoparticles is 5-30 nm. The surfaces of the iron oxide nanoparticles are hydroxylated or coated with serum proteins. The concentration of the iron oxide nanoparticles is 0.5-1 mg/ml. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 30-70 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are mesophilic bacteria. EXAMPLE - Anaerobic assays were performed in 600 ml gas tight reactors, equipped with a pressure transducer to monitor biogas production. Each anaerobic reactor contained 250 ml of inoculum, 250 ml of sample (solvent or nanoparticles suspension, Fe3O4 nanoparticles of 7 nm mean diameter and deoxygenated tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) stabilized), 1.7 g of cellulose and water to 500 ml. The pH of each reactor was adjusted to 8. Nitrogen gas was used to purge oxygen previous to incubation to 37 degrees C during 21 days. Reactors were manually stirred and biogas was purged every workday. A blank and a reference test were also performed. The blank test (250 ml of inoculum and water to 500 ml) was performed to subtract biogas production from any biodegradable organic matter contained in the inoculum. The control test (250 ml of inoculum, 1.7 g of microcrystalline cellulose and water to 500 ml) was performed to compare biogas production with sample test. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate. The biogas production for Fe3O4/control was 542 plus minus 7/310 plus minus 6 (ml/g). The result showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles produced an important increase in the biogas production, when compared to control.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The gas circulation is provided in the fuel conveyor and gas flows in opposite direction relative to direction of movement of the fuel. The gas circulation comprises a suction (5) for sucking carbon monoxide from the gas generator, blast (6) for blowing the carbon monoxide to the fuel, second suction (7) for sucking the filtered carbon monoxide from the fuel. The gas circulation comprises spark arrestor (8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves conveying carbon monoxide through a moving flow of the fuel, preferably in a counter-flow direction relative to the direction of movement of the fuel, sucking carbon monoxide from the gas generator and blowing to fuel flow and purifying carbon monoxide in the fuel flow. The purified carbon monoxide is sucked out from the fuel and conveyed for use and degree of purity of the carbon monoxide being obtained is adjusted by adjusting the particle size of the fuel and/or length of flow of the carbon monoxide in the fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The hair is collected from a variety of sources including hair salons, barber shops, groomers, abattoirs, stockyards and similar establishments. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: combusting a portion of the gaseous mixture to produce the flue gas; providing the flue gas, cooled by transfer of heat to the gaseous mixture, to the dryer for moisture extraction; combusting a portion of the relatively wet biomass fuel in a lower chamber of a combustion unit to support combustion of the gaseous mixture in an upper chamber of the combustion unit; maintaining the combusted biomass in an upper chamber of the combustion unit for sufficient time to eliminate all organic compounds, particulates, and other hydrocarbons resulting from the combustion of the biomass; combusting a gaseous supplemental fuel in the upper chamber to provide additional thermal energy for combustion of the gaseous mixture; controlling flow of the heated gaseous mixture into an upper chamber of a torrefaction reactor and into a second chamber of a torrefaction reactor to maintain the upper chamber and the lower chamber of 250-3000 degrees C; and maintaining the lower chamber of the torrefaction reactor at a lower pressure than the upper chamber. The extracting moisture from the relatively wet biomass fuel includes extracting 80% of the moisture. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The endocellulase is endocellulase derived from Trichoderma. The amount of the cellulase mixture articles is 0.2-5 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The wood type biomass is a tea-leaf waste material. The wood type biomass is diluted with the waste water of methane fermentation process, and performs the enzyme treatment process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Organisms: The Phyllobacterium mysinacearum X-03-002 deposited as NITE AP-1066, and the Acidovorax delafieldii X-03-005 deposited as NITE AP-1067. Preferred Method: The method involves processing the organic wastewater with an activated sludge during aeration process, and adding the bacteria to the organic wastewater at the aeration process. The method involves adding the bacteria to the organic wastewater at the adjustment process, and adjusting flow volume of the organic wastewater. The bacteria is added to the organic wastewater such that the strain concentration in the organic wastewater may become more than 10-5 colony forming units (CFU)/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkali is 3 molar equivalent or more, with respect to content of chlorine. Preferred Conditions: The temperature and superheat degree of superheated steam is 210-350 degrees C and 80-250K, respectively. Preferred Process: Water washing is performed in 2 or more steps. The solid fuel is hydrated and crushed, before washing with water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The salt concentration is adjusted so that electric conductivity of raw water is 30 or more mu siemens/m. The solid-liquid separation process returns some treated waters to the aggregation process. The return process involves returning at least one portion of microalgae contained in the treated water during pressurized floatation process, and adding polymer flocculent to the treated water that is returned. The method involves storing the primary microalgae separated and recovered during solid-liquid separation process, separating solid and liquid, and returning the stored solid and liquid to the solid-liquid separation process. The solid-liquid separation process is pressurized floatation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The salt concentration is adjusted so that electric conductivity of raw water is 30 or more mu siemens/m. The pressurized floatation process returns some treated waters to the aggregation process. The return process involves returning at least one portion of microalgae contained in the treated water during pressurized floatation process, and adding polymer flocculent to the treated water that is returned. The method involves storing the primary microalgae separated and recovered during pressurized floatation process, separating solid and liquid, and returning the stored solid and liquid to the pressurized floatation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: A gas- and steam power plant is used as power producing device. Renewable energy producing plants are used as power producing plants. Preferred Method: Additional carbon dioxide from flue gas is separated from power plants with fossil firing, and supplied to the methanation device. The methane containing gas from the gas reservoir is partially supplied to a gas supply network. The methane containing gas is supplied only to the extent in the gas supply network, where the methane containing gas is produced by using carbon dioxide from fossil fired power plants. An electrolysis plant is used as hydrogen producing device for electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen from the electrolysis system is used for combustion in the power producing device and/or the power plant. The resulting water from the power producing device, the power plant and/or the methanation device is used for electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen. The waste heat from the power producing device, the power plant, the methanation device and/or the hydrogen producing device is used at least partially in the area of carbon dioxide separator. The waste heat from the power producing device, the power plant, the methanation device and/or the hydrogen producing device is used as a thermal energy and/or in a steam cycle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The condensed water containing sodium hydroxide has pH of 8-9.5. Preferred Composition: The cathode is an active cathode containing nickel and tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The heat treatment is carried out at 70 degrees C or more for 2-4 hours or more. The method involves using antibiotic (2 parts per million or more) chosen from actinomycin, aspoxicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, amphotericin, arbekacin, ampicillin, erythromycin, oxacillin, oxytetracycline, kanamycin, carbenicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, gentamicin, cycloserine, dihydrostreptomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, cephalosporin, cefalotin, cephaloridine, cefquinome, tylosin, tetracycline, nystatin, neomycin, virginiamycin, hygromycin, bacitracin, paromomycin, vancomycin, puromycin, blasticidin, bleomycin, penicillin, polymyxin, mitomycin, mycophenolic acid, methicillin, lincomycin, and their derivatives and their salts at the start of saccharification and fermentation reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The ratio of lees and water during pre-processing is 1:1-1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method In the pre-processing of the lees, the ventilation quantity is 15-30%. Culturing is carried out at 42-48 degrees C for 3-7 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The methods further involve supplementing the concentration of the divalent copper cation to maintain the effective concentration of the divalent copper cation at 0.0001-20 mM. The method (M2) further involves recovering the degraded cellulosic material. The fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. The method (M4) further involves recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. The methods (M2)-(M4) further involve adding a chelator during the degradation or saccharification of the cellulosic material. The divalent copper cation is present at a concentration of 0.0001-20 mM during degradation or conversion of a cellulosic material. Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises or the enzyme composition comprises at least one enzyme selected from cellulase, a hemicellulase, an expansin, an esterase, a laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, a pectinase, a peroxidase, a protease, and a swollenin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelator is selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 3,6-dioxaoctamethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (DDTA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), 1,2-bis(ortho-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), and 2,2'-bipyridine (BIPY). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (b), the device is left at a room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The total area of the nickel or titanium region is less than 3-10 times smaller than the area of the nitride semiconductor region. In the step (b) formic acid, carbon monoxide and methane is obtained. Preferred Components: The nitride semiconductor region comprises gallium nitride. The gallium nitride is an n-type. The nitride semiconductor region includes n-type nitride semiconductor. The cathode electrode comprises a metal. The metal is copper (preferred), gold, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, lead or its alloy. The first electrolyte solution is a potassium bicarbonate aqueous solution (preferred), a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, a potassium chloride aqueous solution, a potassium sulfate aqueous solution, or a potassium phosphate aqueous solution. The second electrolyte solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The nickel or titanium region comprises nickel or titanium regions, respectively. The nickel or titanium regions are provided in a matrix state. The nickel or titanium region has a shape of a dot or a shape of a particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Agrobacterium tumefaciens comprises 16S ribosomal-RNA gene sequence of SEQ ID No. 1 (comprising a fully defined 1418 base pair sequence given in the specification), where the sequence has GenBank accession number of FJ639330 and a preservation number (CGMCC) of 2962. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens is cultured in nutrient agar culture medium at 30-40 degrees C for 16-32 hours. The cultured strain has smooth edge and rod in shape with a size of 0.3-1.5 mu mx 0.6-1 mu m under the microscope through gram stain. The strain is used as an organic electron acceptor, in which ammonium ion is oxidized to nitrogen oxide or nitrate ion under the aerobic conditions using the strain, to restore nitrogen, and inorganic phosphorus is ingested into the components to remove sewage phosphorus elements. The sewage has a carbonitride ratio of 8-12, a temperature of 20-30 degrees C and a pH of 7-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The enzyme precipitating agent is ammonium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Camellia is planted in automatic oxygen supply artificial wetland system. Preferred System: The filling matrix particle size and thickness are carried out through artificial screening method. The thickness of wetland system and particle diameter is 15 cm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. The particle diameter of buried furnace gadolinium layer is 20 cm. The thickness of sandy soil layer is 15 cm. The old leaves of plant are harvested regularly to avoid secondary pollution. ACTIVITY - Hemostatic; Antitussive; Vulnerary.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: During use, the agent is added to tap water in tangential direction in the ratio of 10:2, and then the mixture is stirred at 60 rounds per minute for 30-40 minutes until dissolved completely. When mixed with sludge, the agent is added based on settling ratio of sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In removing oxygen methyltransferase gene, the mutant gene is established on the plasmid by the Red/ET one-step PCR method. The mutant gene is input by conjugational transfer; and engineered strain with apramycin resistance identification is obtained by homologous recombination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the step (i), after mixing the poultry excrement, straw and domestic sewage, the poultry excrement accounts for 4-7%, and the straw accounts for 6-8%. In the step (i), the anaerobic fermentation treatment adopts a hydraulic circulating and mixing mode, and stirring for every 12 hours, so as to ensure that the materials are mixed uniformly. In the step (i), the retention time of the anaerobic fermentation treatment of mixing material is 20-25 days, and the methane content is more than 60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A lifting pump is connected between the grating and the adjusting pool in series. The lifting pump is controlled by programmable logic controller (PLC). The connections are made using pipeline. The inclined plate precipitating pool is provided with a water outlet, and the outlet water processed by the biological contact oxidation pool is discharged through the water outlet of the inclined plate precipitating pool. The anaerobic fermentation tank uses half-buried type heat preservation. The outside of the tank body of the anaerobic fermentation tank is coated with foam plastic to improve the biogas production efficiency in winter. The inner part of the biological contact oxidation pool uses a rubber film micro-porous aeration device for micro-aeration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-polar or weak polar macroporous absorption resin is AB-8, HZ-801, HZ-841, DM130, NKA-9, NKA-II or HPD-600. The silica gel is 100-200 meshes of silica gel, 200-300 meshes of silica gel or 300-400 meshes of silica gel. The concentration of activated carbon is 1%. The organic solvent is acetone, butanone, and 90-100% of acetone aqueous solution, acetone-methanol solution, acetone-ethanol solution, butanone methanol or butanone ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing supercritical carbondioxide extraction by adding 2% of entrainer. The supercritical carbondioxide extraction is performed at pressure of 30 Mpa, temperature of 45 degrees C with 2 ml/g of crude herbs and time for extraction is 140 minutes. The macroporours adsorption resin comprises ethanol (5 times) than the volume of column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hydrogen and nitrogen is 2.6-2.8. Inert gas chosen from methane and argon is used in the manufacturing process.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Neuroprotective; Antiinflammatory; Respiratory-Gen.; Antimicrobial; Nephrotropic; Gynecological.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The strong oxidant is potassium permanganate, bipyridine silver (I) permanganate, dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone and ceric ammonium nitrate.Preferred Methods: Compound (II) is prepared from ammonium-containing compound of formula (IV) by reacting compound (IV) with formamide or carbonamidine inorganic acid salt and/or carbonamidine organic acid salt. Compound (IV) is prepared from nitro-containing compound of formula (V) by reacting compound (V) with sodium hyposulfite in the presence of acid, or reacting compound (V) with iron powder and/or zinc powder in the presence of palladium carbon, or reacting compound (V) with hydrogen. Compound (V) is prepared from benzene-containing compound of formula (VI) by reacting compound (VI) with nitric acid in the presence of acetic acid, or reacting compound (VI) with nitric acid in the presence of acetic acid and sulfuric acid, or reacting compound (VI) with nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, or sodium ethoxide. The mol ratio of 2-tert-butoxy carbonyl amino-3-nitroethyl benzoate to alkali catalyst is (1:2)-(1:4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nucleophilic substitution is performed at room temperature. The method further comprises removing protective radical of tert-butoxy carbonyl to obtain 2-(N-((2'-phenyl cyanide-4-yl)methyl)amino)-3-nitroethyl benzoate; and reducing 2-(N-((2'-phenyl cyanide-4-yl)methyl)amino)-3-nitroethyl benzoate to 2-(N-((2'-phenyl cyanide-4-yl)methyl)amino)-3-ethyl aminobenzoate (I). Preferred Component: The mol ratio of 2-tert-butoxy carbonyl amino-3-nitroethyl benzoate to 4'-bromethyl-2-phenyl cyanide is (1:1)-(1:8). The heterogeneous reaction system is dichloromethane-water reaction system or chloroform-water reaction system. The phase transfer catalyst is quat. amine phase transfer catalyst. The mol ratio of 2-tert-butoxy carbonyl amino-3-nitroethyl benzoate to phase transfer catalyst is (100:1)-(100:3). The quat. amine phase transfer catalyst comprises benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate, methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, or tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The hydrazine hydrate active carbon is used as reduction agent. The mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran-dichloromethane, methanol-dichloromethane, ethanoldichloromethane, or methanol-chloroform is used as reaction medium for reduction reaction. The mass ratio of 2-(N-((2'-phenyl cyanide-4-yl)methyl)amino)-3-ethyl aminobenzoate (I) to hydrazine hydrate is (1:1)-(1:3). The weight ratio of 2-(N-((2'-phenyl cyanide-4-yl)methyl)amino)-3-ethyl aminobenzoate (I) to active carbon is (1:0.1)-(1:0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex ion of transition metals is iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ether solvent is diethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or ethylene glycol diethyl ether. The strong base catalyst is sodium methoxide, caustic alcohol, normal sodium propoxide, sodium isopropoxide, potassium tert-butoxide or potassium tertiary pentyl butoxide. The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrocarbon fuel is aqueous ethanol, methane, methanol or light gasoline. The catalyst is nickel group catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition for fermentation comprises 40-60 vol.% of soil and plant portion or rice hull powder. The particle size of plant portion or rice hull powder is 50-500 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: heating the biomass during step (b) to a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent set at the conditions present during step (b); heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during step (b); recycling the residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids into an animal feed, a human food or a nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; and growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of wastewater by the algal cells. The bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. EXAMPLE - Wet Nannochloropsis biomass (1000 lbs) containing 65% pure water (35 wt.% algal solids) was mixed with 860 lbs of denatured ethanol (95% ethanol and 5% methanol), resulting in a mixture containing 55% aqueous ethanol. The solids and liquids were separated using a decanter. The wet solid portion weighed 525 lbs and was 40% dry mass. A total of 525 lbs of 95% the denatured ethanol was added to the solids, resulting in a mixture made up of 85% aqueous ethanol. The solids and liquids were separated using a decanter. The solid portion weighed 354.5 lbs. and was 40% dry mass. To this mass, another 700 lbs. of denatured ethanol was added, resulting in a mixture of about 95% aqueous ethanol. The solids and liquids were separated using a decanter. The resulting solids were 40% dry mass. The permeate stream from the membrane system was evaporated using an in-house fabricated batch still. The operating conditions were 80 degrees C during the vacuum distillation. The ethanol in the permeate was evaporated. The extraction steps were repeated three times, resulting in four product pools comprising algal proteins, polar lipids, neutral lipids and residual biomass containing potential coproducts such as carotenoids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation field of sealing shed further comprises function buttons electrically connected with the automatic control system of heating mechanism, wetting mechanism, turning aeration mechanism and strain adding mechanism and air pumping mechanism. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The grass stem debris is 60 wt.% or more, preferably 75 wt.% or more, and more preferably 90 wt.% or more. The grass stem debris has fragments having a size such that their larger dimension is 3-20 mm, preferably 5-15 mm. The grass stems are stems of Miscanthus giganteus. The compressed structure additionally comprises 2-15 wt.%, preferably 3-8 wt.%, relative to the dry weight of (a) and (b) of at least one alkali metal mineral component (component (c)), preferably calcium oxide. The central chimney has a star-shaped cross-section, where the star comprises at least 3 arms, preferably 4-20 arms, more preferably 5-10 arms. The liquid fuel has a flash point of 40-120 degrees C, preferably 50-70 degrees C. The liquid fuel is an oil of plant or animal origin, alkyl ester of an oil of plant or animal origin, or their mixtures. The liquid fuel is a coconut oil alkyl ester. The grass stem debris is debris of cereal or Miscanthus stems, preferably debris of M.giganteus stems. The density of the compressed structure is 0.20-0.85 g/cm3. The weight ratio of the liquid fuel to the compressed structure is 3/10-10/10, preferably 5/10-9/10, more preferably 6/10-9/10. The ratio of the height of the cylindrical briquette to the diameter is 0.5-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1.5-3. The impregnation of the compressed structure by the liquid fuel is carried out by complete immersion of the compressed structure in the liquid fuel, for duration of 2-60 seconds, and draining the obtained product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Antiparasitic.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the composition is 5-50 (preferably 20) g/hectare, in the form of oil, soluble powder, microemulsion, emulsion in water, suspension or water dispersible granule (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first reactor tank, second reactor tank and third reactor tank are two in series. The stirring tank comprises main tank, where the main tank is equipped at end of the stirring tank. The filling tank is set with a baffle and filler. The raw materials are waste from beer industries, sewage waste or straw waste. Preferred Method: The method is performed at 20-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The heat flocculating-filtering method comprises controlling temperature to be 80-120 degrees C, heat preserving for 2-25 minutes and then adding fiber quality filter aid filtering fermentation. The step of removing bacteria mother solution concentration is carried out for 2-8 times. Step (C) comprises adding sulfuric acid or sodium sulfate in the crystal slurry; and controlling the temperature at 20-120 degrees C and pH value at 4.0-8.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ferrate is potassium ferrate or sodium ferrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The active soil fertilizer comprises (in kg): animal manure (15 or 32.5), pond sludge (4.5 or 9.75), plant straw powder (9 or 19.5), deodorizing agent (1.5 or 1.25), and fermentation decomposition ripening agent (0.5 or 3.25). Preferred Component: The animal manure is chicken manure, pig manure, dairy manure, sheep manure, or its mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Pre-treating is carried out by adding acid and alkali solution to make pH value of wastewater at 6-9; controlling air temperature at 60 plus minus 2 degrees C for 10 plus minus 0.5 minutes; and controlling coagulation reaction temperature at 75 plus minus 2 degrees C for 30 plus minus 2 minutes. An anaerobic treatment is carried out by placing the wastewater in an anaerobic fluidized bed including a granular active carbon as carrier; processing at 30 plus minus 2 degrees C, pH value of 6.8 plus minus 0.2, water power retention time of 8 plus minus 0.5 hours, at a reflux ratio of 1:6-7, a bed layer expansion of 36 plus minus 2%, and an organic volume load of 24.3 plus minus 0.5 Kg chemical oxygen demand/(m3-d). An aerobic treatment is carried out by feeding water at 2 plus minus 0.2 hours, 12 plus minus 0.5 hours, and 6 plus minus 0.2 hours; and draining at 1 plus minus 0.2 hours and 0.5 plus minus 01 hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solid waste material comprises a fiber material and plastic at a ratio of 1:0.8-1. 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stream containing butane and carbon dioxide obtained in the step (b) is condensed, where the carbon dioxide is separated. At least a part of the stream containing N-methylpyrrolidone and water separated in the step (c) is supplied back in the absorption and/or in the extractive distillation. The absorption step (a) is carried out at a bottom temperature of 30-160 degrees C, a top temperature of 5-60 degrees C and a pressure of 2-20 bar. The absorption step (a) is carried out in a column, where the stream containing N-methylpyrrolidone (80-97 wt.%) and hydrogen (3-20 wt.%) and the stream containing butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are added in countercurrent. The extractive distillation step (b) is carried out in an extractive distillation column, where the stream containing N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, butane and carbon dioxide, and the stream containing N-methylpyrrolidone (80-97 wt.%) and hydrogen (3-20 wt.%) are added in countercurrent. The stream containing hydrogen separated in the absorption step (a) is at least partially supplied back into butane dehydrogenation. The butane separated in the extractive distillation step (b) is supplied back into butane dehydrogenation. Preferred Components: The ratio of mixture of water and N-methylpyrrolidone added in the absorption step (a) to the mixture of water and N-methylpyrrolidone added in the extractive distillation step (b) is 0.2 to 20. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises gypsum, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, corn flour, bran, urea, cotton, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or sucrose
ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Immunostimulant; Antitussive; Antilipemic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The R.sphaeroides is R.sphaeroides KD131 strain (KCTC 12085). Preferred Method: The method involves culturing the strain at an illumination intensity of 50-600 W/m2 at 30 degrees C for 18-24 hours. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves mixing (in wt.%): brown sugar (2), S.herbacea (0.01), cornstalk (0.1), wheat bran (0.1), sawdust (0.1), rice hulls (0.1), rice straw (0.1), starch (0.1), seaweeds (0.01), and fish product (0.01). The method (M1) involves using puffed rice hulls and rice straw, treating the product at 250 degrees C, and pulverizing the product having mesh size of 1000. The method (M1) involves extracting the above-cited components at 30 degrees C, and fermenting the product using 3% of microbial complex for 10 minutes to 2 hours, until the pH value of the product reaches 3.5 or less. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first adsorbent bed and the second adsorbent bed are comprised of: an 8-ring zeolite having a silicon/aluminum ratio of greater than 500, a diffusion coefficient for carbon dioxide (CO2) over methane (CH4) (D(CO2)/D(CH4)) of greater than 10, a diffusion coefficient for nitrogen (N2) over CH4 (D(N2)/D(CH4)) of greater than 10 and a diffusion coefficient for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) over CH4 (D(H2S)/D(CH4) ) of greater than 10, where the zeolite consists of deca-dodecasil 3R, Sigma-1 and/or ZSM-58; a microporous material consisting of zeolites, aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, metal organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and/or carbon; a material consisting of cationic zeolites, amine-functionalized mesoporous materials, stannosilicates and/or carbon; and a zeolite consisting of mordenite framework inverted type zeolite, faujasite, and/or mobile crystalline material-41.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst was formed at a calcination temperature of 400-800 degrees C for 2-4 hours, sufficient to increase the tetragonoal zirconia content of the catalyst. The ratio of tungsten oxide to zirconium dioxide is 1:9-2:8. The wt.% of platinum in the catalyst is 0.01-10 (preferably 1-5) wt.%. The catalyst has an average particle size of 10 mu m to 10 mm, preferably 100-500 mu m. The catalyst is porous.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating a product from the feedstock, hydrogen and catalyst. In the method: the temperature is from 100-300 (preferably 150-250) degrees C; the pressure is 800-2500 psig; and the period of time is 15 minutes to 5 hours. Preferred Components: The fluid hydrocarbon feedstock comprises an aqueous oxygenate stream and a fluid hydrocarbon stream provided substantially simultaneously. The feedstock is a biofuel. The oxygenate comprises at least one alditol. The alditol is erythritol, threitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, sorbitol, iditol, dulcitol and/or mannitol. EXAMPLE - Catalyst (containing 18 wt.% of tungsten oxide, 81 wt.% zirconium dioxide and 1 wt.% of platinum) (10 ml) was diluted with Alundum (RTM: Fused alumina) (2 ml) to make the catalyst bed. The catalyst was reduced at 275 degrees C in the presence of excess hydrogen (100 standard cubic centimeter per minute (sccm)) for an hour before use. For the reaction, 200 sccm of hydrogen, 10 ml/hour n-hexadecane, and 10 ml/hour of 40 wt.% aqueous sorbitol were delivered to a three fourth inch diameter down-flow reactor. The pressure was maintained at 850 psig throughout the reaction. The temperature was ramped up during the run at 150-275 degrees C. At the highest temperature, 42% of the oxygenate feed was converted into non-aqueous products, n-hexane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst of chelate is triethyl borate. Preferred Method: The method further comprises refining bromhexine hydrochloride by ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycol is anhydrous ethylene glycol or industrial glycol, where a water content of the ethylene glycol is 15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: distilling the first mixture of butene oligomers to remove 2-ethyl-1-hexene forming a second mixture of butane oligomers; hydrogenating the second mixture of butene oligomers to form a first mixture of hydrogenated oligomers; formulating the first mixture of hydrogenated oligomers with 3-methyl heptane to form a fuel having a viscosity at -20 degrees C of 6.0-12.5 cSt, a density of 0.75-0.80 g/ml, and a flash point of 59 degrees C; and formulating the first mixture of hydrogenated oligomers with 3 -methyl heptane to form a fuel suitable for turbine engines. The process further comprises utilizing a catalytic agent, which is produced by mixing bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride with methylaluminoxane in a suitable solvent, removing the solvent to form a residue, and adding dried 1 -butene to the residue to form a mixture and stirring the mixture to allow contact of reactants at ambient temperature in a gas tight vessel until reaction is complete to form a first mixture of butene oligomers. Preferred Components: The solvent is an aromatic solvent without heteroatoms. The butene 16C oligomers are hydrogenated to form a turbine engine fuel mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device utilizes demulsifier e.g. ethylenediamine as initiator for co-polymerization of propylene oxide with ethylene oxide to synthesize polyester ether multi-segmented structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The connecting pipe of the raw material storage tank and the additive tank are respectively provided with a metering device, whose outlet is respectively provided with a control valve. The upper part of the reaction kettle is provided with an inlet, and the lower part is provided with an outlet and the sewage discharge port. The sedimentation tank is provided with a jacket, which is can hold hot water. The outlet at the lower part of the sedimentation tank and the sewage outlet are provided with a control valve. The first outlet and the second outlet of the three-way valve are provided with the control valve. The decoloring tank from the bottom to top is provided with a baffle plate, a filter cloth and an activated carbon, where the activated carbon accounts for about 2/3 of the height of the tank. The air compressor is a piston type air compressor or screw rod type air compressor, and its outlet pipe is provided with the control valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH of the anoxic digestion unit is controlled to 5-10 by adding nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The positive and negative electrode 6 is connected with an external low-voltage direct current power supply. The voltage of the external low-voltage direct current power supply is 0.4-1 V. The anoxic digestion unit upper part is provided with an exhaust port. The volume ratio of the anaerobic digestion unit and the anoxic digestion unit is 5:1-10:1. The anion and cation exchange resin mixed column accounts for 1-5% of the total volume of the anaerobic digestion unit. The mass ratio of anion and cation exchange resin in the anion and cation exchange resin mixed column is 3:1-1:3. The sludge inlet and the sludge discharge port are respectively set at two sides of the axial cross-section of the anaerobic digestion unit. The sludge discharge port is higher than the sludge inlet. The diffusion layer is filled with quartz sand of 5-10 mm grain size.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: The method comprises fermenting solution at room temperature, centrifuging for 4000 revolutions/minute at 15-30 minutes to obtain Aspergillus niger mycelium, and grinding into powder at 80-110 degrees C. The Aspergillus niger mycelium powder is soaked in 3-6% sodium hydroxide-ethanol mixture, stirring at room temperature by ultrasonic power of 300-400 W, and extracting for 40-60 minutes. The ultrasonic extraction is taking out, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging for 4000 revolutions/minute for 15-30 minutes after filtering, and water washing to neutral. The deposition in 2-3% acetic acid is at 95 degrees C, extracting for 10-15 hours, and neutralizing precipitated obtained chitosan refined liquid. The vacuum drying is at 60-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkylating agent is methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, benzyl chloride, p-methoxy benzyl and/or tertiary butyl alcohol. The solvent is ethyl acetate, methylene dichloride, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The reducing agent is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, pyridine, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and/or boron trifluoride-ether. The metal borohydride is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride. The catalyst is zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, lithium acetate, lithium chloride, iodine, concentrated sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, trimethyl chlorosilane, calcium chloride and/or cobalt chloride. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine and/or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The reagent is hydriodic acid, hydrobromic acid, potassium trichloride, potassium tribromide, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, ethanethiol sodium chloride, lithium chloride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide and/or trifluoroacetic acid.Preferred Method: The reacting is done at 0-50 degrees C. The alkylation reaction is done at 20-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing step comprises adding anhydride, monohydrate or dihydrate of dihydric phosphate. The oxidizer is sodium salt or potassium salt of per-halite, halite, sub-halite or hypo-halite. The second catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid or thionyl chloride. The dihydric phosphate is sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing step also comprises adding 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxylpiperidine radical, 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy. The mol ratio of 2-(2-halo ethoxy) ethanol and first catalyst is 1:(0.001-0.05) preferably 1:(0.01-0.02). The mol ratio of 2-(2-haloethoxy) ethanol and oxidizer is 1:(0.9-1.5) preferably 1:(1.1-1.5). The method further comprises separating product 2-(2-haloethoxy)acetic acid; or concentrating reaction solution without separating reaction product, adding into target alcohol of target ester to dissolve, filtering solution, and esterifying alcohol solution of 2-(2-haloethoxy)acetic acid. The reaction is performed at 20-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is bisbenzo-18-crown ether-6-polyether, benzyl triethylammonium bromide or benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride. The molar ratio of ethyl chrysanthemumate, potassium permanganate, sodium pyrosulfite, phase transfer catalyst and acetic anhydride is 1:0.2-5:0.2-5:0.001-2:05-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The aromatic aldehyde is dissolved in organic solvent or water to form solution of 0.1-1.5 mol/L; and organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methylbenzene and/or dimethylsulfoxide. The inorganic base or organic base is dissolved in water or organic solvent to form 0.1-1 mol/L solution; inorganic base comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate; and organic base comprising sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium tertbutoxide. The reaction condition involves mol ratio of aromatic aldehyde and amine or formamide of 1:1-2; and reaction temperature at 40-60 degrees C for 1-3 hours. The method further comprises using water for washing product, separating organic phase, using dichloromethane to extract water phase, mixing with organic phase, using water for washing organic phase, drying, removing solvent on rotary evaporator to obtain reaction mixture aromatic amine and aromatic methanol; and separating mixture, using silica gel column chromatography separation or decompressing, distilling and recrystallizing to prepare aromatic amine and aromatic methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is toluene, xylene, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide or dioxane. The protonic acid catalyst is 95-98% concentrated sulfuric acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The mass ratio of the sulfonamide compound to ether compound to protonic acid catalyst is 1:1-25: 0.01-1. The dosage of the solvent is 1-4 ml per mu mol. Preferred Method: The post-processing includes after reaction distilling the reaction liquid to remove the solvent; serving the petroleum ether to ethyl acetate to a volume ratio of 5:1 as developing agent; carrying out column chromatography; gathering eluent; decompressing, distilling, and drying to obtain the N,N-disubstituted sulfonamide compound. The preparation method may comprise mixing sulfonamide compound (III) with ether compound (II); reacting for 18-48 hours at 120-170 degrees C in solvent in the presence of the protonic acid catalyst; after reaction, distilling and carrying out post-processing; using the mixing liquid, petroleum ether to ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 5:1 as developing agent; gathering eluent; decompressing, and distilling; drying to obtain the N,N-disubstituted sulfonamide compound; where the protonic acid catalyst is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; the solvent is toluene, xylene, cyclohexane or dioxane; the mass ratio of the sulfonamide compound to ether compound to protonic acid catalyst is 1:3-5:0.1-0.2; the dosage of the solvent is 1-4 ml per mu mol; and the ether compound is tetrahydrofuran, hexahydropyrane, diphenyl ether, morpholine or 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The oral liquid comprises pH regulator chosen from sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, filling agent and corrective agent chosen from sucrose, mannitol, lactose, glucose, sorbitol, xylitol, isomalt, maltitol, erythritol, aspartame, stevioside, dihydrochalcone, glycyrrhizin, citric acid and malic acid. wettable agent chosen from water and ethanol, lubricant chosen from magnesium stearate, talc and silicon dioxide. Preferred Components: The flavoring agent is chosen from sucrose, sorbitol, xylitol, aspartame, stevioside, mannitol, cyclamate, dihydrochalcone and glycyrrhizin. The preservative is chosen from phenylformic acid, sodium benzoate, ethylparaben, methylparaben and propylene glycol. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective; Cardiant; Antianginal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: heating the biomass during the extraction step to a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent set at the conditions present during the extraction step; heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during the extraction step; recycling the residue comprising carotenoids and omega -3 fatty acids into an animal feed, a human food or a nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; and growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of wastewater by the algal cells, where the bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Sequence: The gene comprising a 1080 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The lignin peroxidase is a lignin peroxidase variant comprising a 345 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3), or amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The wetland bed body is composed of a wetland filling substrate and shale hollow brick; the hole of shale hollow brick for wetland system automatically provides oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The flower leaf evergreen is planted in artificial wetland system. The wetland bed body is composed of a wetland filling substrate and shale hollow brick, where the hole of shale hollow brick for wetland system automatically provides oxygen.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antibacterial.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the composition is in the form of wettable powder, water dispersible granule, suspension, suspoemulsion, water emulsion or microemulsion (claimed). No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-nonanol, 2-propylheptanol, n-decanol, n-undecanol, n-dodecanol, n-tridecanol or isotridecanol. The additive with detergent effect is a compound with succinic anhydride derived groups, hydroxy-, amino-, amido- and/or imide-groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The improvement of defoaming effect of the silicon containing antifoaming agents takes place to an extent that it meets at least one of the following criteria: (a1) reduction in the foam volume with respect to the defoaming effect of the silicon containing antifoaming agent in the fuel oil in the absence of (I) is at least 10%, according to BNPe NF-M 07-075-foam test; and (b1) reduction of the froth disintegration time with respect to the defoaming effect of the silicon containing antifoaming agent in the fuel oil in the absence of (I) is at least 20%, according to BNPe NF-M 07-075-foam test. The silicon containing antifoaming agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cells comprising the algal biomass are not dried or disrupted. The algal biomass is unfrozen. The algal biomass is simultaneously at least partially dewatered while products are selectively extracted from the algal biomass. The first, second, and third extraction substantially solid phases comprise substantially intact algal cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: removing at least a portion of the first solvent set from the separated portion of the first liquid phase to obtain a first extraction product; removing at least a portion of the second solvent set from the separated portion of the second liquid phase to obtain a second extraction product; removing at least a portion of the third solvent set from the separated portion of the third liquid phase to obtain a third extraction product; and adjusting the pH of at least one of the first, second, and third extraction mixtures to optimize protein extraction. The first, second and/or third extraction mixture is heated to a temperature below its boiling point. The extraction mixture is under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The solvent set is added to the biomass in a weight/weight ratio of 1:1. Preferred Components: In the method, at least one of the first, second or third solvent sets comprises: one or more water miscible solvents and one or more water immiscible solvents; one or more amphipathic solvents; and a solvent comprising methanol, ethanol (preferred), isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Treatment material is fuel generating material which reacts with gas or liquid to produce fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The wood chip has length of 35 mm or less. The method involves using waste material from seawater as raw material, where water is supplied to intake installation of electric generating facilities. The content of the shellfish is 80% or more. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The control system has control apparatus for switching anode supply path after switching cathode supply path after voltage of fuel cell stack is reduced to predetermined voltage. The fuel gas is natural gas or propane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus acid impregnated basic polymer is phosphoric acid impregnated polybenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Prior to adding the inoculum, the method additionally involves removing the emulsion from the substrate; and de-volatizing the substrate of remaining emulsion. The step (iv) involves incubating the inoculated substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The preselected fungus is white rot decomposer selected from families Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae and the order of Aphyllophorales (preferably white rot basidiomycetes, Ganoderma resinaceum, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma brownii).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsion is at least one of phenol emulsion and an aldehyde emulsion. At least a portion of the emulsion is removed from the mixture of raw material and emulsion prior to inoculation with the fungus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The raw material is ligninocellulosic material, or cellulosic waste, preferably cotton gin waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises synthesizing (II) by: (i) contacting substituted lithium amino(phenyl)methanolate compounds of formula (III) with an organolithium; (ii) converting the lithiated product from the step (i) to a cuprate using copper cyanide; and (iii) contacting the cuprate from the step (ii) with the allyl halide. The step of hydrolyzing comprises contacting (II) with an agent comprising water, aqueous mineral acid or an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite (preferred). In the step (a) (IV) is contacted with (VI).R4 = H, 1-6C alkyl, 6-14C aryl or 6-14C aryl(1-6C alkylene).Preferred Components: The organolithium is phenyllithium or butyllithium. The allyl halide is allyl bromide or allyl iodide. Preferred Definitions:    R1 = methyl;    R2, R3 = methyl or 3-6C cycloalkyl;    R = methyl, 6-14C aryl(1-6C alkylene) or benzyl; and    x = 2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The preparation of 2-allyl-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VIII) and 2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-benzaldehyde is disclosed as (I).    EXAMPLE - 3-(Benzyloxy)benzaldehyde was treated with N,N,N-trimethyl ethylenediamine followed by ortho-lithiation with butyllithium and treatment with copper cyanide to generate the corresponding cuprate in situ. The cuprate was allylated using allyl iodide followed by hydrolysis to give 2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-benzaldehyde (yield 70%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in azophoska is 15:15:15.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic matrix further comprises (kg/m3) fermented chicken manure (10) and azophoska (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, 1.5). The matrix also comprises turf and pearlite. The residue and cow dung are fully decomposed and fermented for greater than or equal to 45 days before use. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The coal gas is supplied to heat exchanger (h1) to heat exchange with steam produced by waste heat boiler at exit of section (s1) of transformation furnace (f1). A portion of coal gas is supplied to transformation furnace (f1). The transformed gas is supplied to transformation furnace (f2), after heat transferred by steam and coal gas produced by waste heat boiler. The transformed gas recovers heat energy. The transformation rate of carbon monoxide in the section (s1) of transformation furnace (f1) is 20-40% (volume/volume). The transformation rate of carbon monoxide in the section (s2) of transformation furnace (f2) is 10-15% (volume/volume). The coal gas (40-60% (volume/volume)) is supplied into section (s1) of transformation furnace (f1). The carbon monoxide is converted into methane. The exit gas of methanation furnace (m2) is cooled by waste heat boiler, and the gas is supplied to methanation furnace (m1). The recycle gas is compressed by recycle compressor to mix with purified transformation gas and supplied to methanation furnace (m1). The liquid methane separated by bottom of nitrogen washing tower is outputted as liquefied natural gas, after portion of cold amount is recovered by feed gas coolers. The hydrogen and argon gas are dissolved in decompression flash separation, before liquid methane at tower bottom is outputted and recycled to system to recover via a tail gas compressor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of acid gas chosen from hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide in purified transformation gas is less than 1 ppm. The molar ratio of hydrogen and nitrogen in synthesis gas is 3:1. The coal gas is constant-temperature coal gas produced using coal as raw material to compress and gasify.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves repeating steps (a) through (c), where the molecular halogen in step (c) is used in repeated step (a). The method further involves separating the methanol from the halide salt prior to step (c). The halide salt is photoelectrocatalytically converted into molecular halogen by electrolyzing the halide salt in a photoelectrocatalytic cell that comprises an electrolyte, an anodic electrode, and a cathodic electrode. The method further involves feeding carbon dioxide to the photoelectrocatalytic cell and photoelectrocatalytically converting the carbon dioxide into methanol and/or formic acid. The anodic electrode and/or the cathodic electrode have a flat sheet-like configuration, tubular configuration or a particulate configuration. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of sludge is 60%. The amount of coal is 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycine is monoclinic system white or hexagonal crystal, or white crystal powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The abamectin mixture comprises abamectin, ammonium molybdate, crude protein, cystine, crude fat, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, amino acid, aluminum, potassium sulfate, methyl, sulfuric acid, amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, temulence acid, liquid sugar, starch, yeast powder, soybean cake powder, pigment, lysine, organic matter, calcium chloride and potassium chloride, where the abamectin is present in an amount of 95-97 wt.%, and the rest of the components are present in an amount of 0.1-0.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst contains metal chosen from scandium, vanadium, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, germanium, tin, zirconium, molybdenum, cerium and cesium, silica and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of mixed-alum byproduct to warm water of 50-100 degrees C, is 1:(1-4). Preferred Property: The pH value of the solution after adding ammonia is 5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of supercritical extraction entrainer is 2 vol.% with respect to total extraction solvent.Preferred Conditions: The flow rate of carbon dioxide is 2 ml/g.minute, the extraction time is 160 minutes, extraction temperature is 45 degrees C, and extraction pressure is 230 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyamide is chinlon 66 or chinlon 6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The volume of the crystallizing and filtering solution obtained by adding the ammonolysis reaction liquid into the vacuum multi-effect evaporator for concentrating at less than 80 degrees C, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, and crystal mixing is 5-15% of the original ammonolysis reaction liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal sulfate is manganese, nickel, chromium, iron, copper, cerium, titanium and/or zinc sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is monobasic alcohol of C1-C6, where the monohydric alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, butanol and/or pentanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The end plate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen catalyst is selected from platinum-nickel catalyst or platinum- palladium catalyst. The oxygen catalyst is selected from platinum, iridium, titanium dioxide, photocatalyst titanium dioxide, zinc dioxide, ferric oxide and tungsten trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal of the terminal plate is selected from nickel, titanium, stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Producing liquid synthetic fuels uses the excess heat of the heat exchangers and the gasification unit for heating of the feedstock and for production of electricity for the electric heaters. The feedstock is preheated and transported to the gasifier by the high temperature geothermal steam that is imported through heat exchanger and mixer. The high temperature geothermal steam is imported to the gasifier along with a stream of carbon dioxide and/or tail gas. The high temperature geothermal steam is imported to an apparatus where refrigerated methanol at high pressure is used for physical absorption and selective separation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and H2 from the steam and the latter then utilized for methanol production by reaction with carbon monoxide (CO) contained in the geothermal steam or produced by combustion in the combustor. Steam heated to above 850 degrees C in the gasifier is diverted from the gasifier to an electric generator, other industrial uses or direct heating. A cyclone assembly with barrier filters and electrostatic precipitators is used for removing from the gas stream in the gasification chamber the CaO and SiO2 that may have entered the stream from the feedstock. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further involves discharging the generated sludge out of the system, and irradiating light with respect to the generated sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The ion permeable reinforced separator is a web-reinforced separator. The separator comprises two separator elements. The reinforced separator is a web-reinforced separator configured such that the separator elements are spaced apart by a spacer between the two separator elements and/or they are tied together and spaced apart at a pressure-independent distance. Preferred Components: The reinforcement is realized with a reinforcement unit chosen from web, grid, wire mesh and perforated multiwall plate. The perforated multiwall plate is a laminated or extruded multiwall plate. The separator elements have a specific resistance of 4 Ohms/cm or less at 30 degrees C in 6M potassium hydroxide solution. The separator elements have a pore size of 0.05-0.50 mu m. The substantially hollow by-pass channel is integrated in the ion- permeable reinforced separator. The separator is cylindrical. At least one separator and the hollow by-pass channel are non- separably linked with one another.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The animal dung is cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, horse manure, rabbit waste, mink dung, bird dung, sheep manure and human manure. The microbial starter culture is bacilli, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes or other beneficial bacteria. The straw expander is crop straw powder, saw wood powder, rice straws, hull powder, rice bran, traditional Chinese medicine slag and edible mushroom off-cut.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The heat-generating apparatus has heat-insulating material (15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode precursor is obtained by dissolving an organic acid salt of lanthanum, an organic acid salt of strontium, and an organic acid salt of cobalt in organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass has thermal expansion coefficient of 9x 10-6/K to 13x 10-6/K. Preferred Component: The glass matrix of glass contains barium silicate crystal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Weight ratio of carbon dioxide, isobutane, and propane is set to 3:4:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is chosen from hexenoic acid, heptenoic acid and decenoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Molecule: The plant pentose transporter transports L-arabinose and does not transport D-glucose, in in vitro and/or in vivo conditions. The plant pentose transporter has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or its functional equivalents. The nucleic acid molecule coding for the pentose transporter comprises nucleic acid sequence exhibiting at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% identity to a 1497 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The nucleic acid molecule is nucleic acid expression construct which comprises regulatory sequences operatively linked with the nucleic acid sequence coding for the plant pentose transporter, and/or the nucleic acid expression construct further comprises 5' and/or 3' recognition sequences and/or selection markers. Preferred Cell: The cell (YC1) is chosen from Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida, Pichia, Schizosaccharomyces, Hansenula, Kloeckera, Schwanniomyces, Arxula and Yarrowia, preferably S.cerevisiae, S.bulderi, S.barnetti, S.exiguus, S.uvarum, S.diastaticus, K.lactis, K.marxianus, K.fragilis, H.polymorpha, P.pastoris and Y.lipolytica. The cell (YC1) further comprises nucleic acid sequences coding for proteins of arabinose metabolic pathway. Preferred Medium: The medium further comprises carbon source, preferably hexose, more preferably glucose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises blending a plant nutrient with the thixotropic paste to increase one or more of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron content of the paste. In the method: after addition of the alkaline agent, the mixture has a pH 11 or higher; after treating with the acid, the paste has a pH of 7 or less. Preferred Components: The biosolids are municipal biosolids and sludges, manures and animal residuals, lagoon sludges, organic containing sludges produced from food fermentation, and/or sludge waste products, pharmaceutical fermentation waste industrial fermentation products and mixture. The oxidizing agent is hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, iron oxide, metal oxide, calcium ferrate, potassium ferrate, sodium ferrate, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, peroxide, ozone and/or chlorine dioxide. The alkaline agent is calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, alkaline by products, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, lime injected fly ash and/or high alkaline materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ammonia is aqueous or anhydrous ammonia. The concentration of ammonia is at least 5000 ppm or 10000 ppm or 20000 ppm. The exposure is for at least 30 seconds or 2 minutes or 5 minutes. The concentration of ammonia provides a dry weight nitrogen concentration of 6% or 10% or 14%. The concentrated acid comprises phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid (both preferred), hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amine is urea, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monomethylamine or diethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the oxalic acid solution, manganese + solution, and hydrogen peroxide solution are separately are 600-800 mM/l, 1500-2000 mM/l, and 500-600 mM/l. The straw powder is sieved using 60-100 meshes sieve. The concentration of P.chrysosporium is 1.5-2x 106/ml. The enzyme activities of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase in the complex enzyme solution are 15-20 U/l and 213-250 U/l, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feed stock is comminuted or densified. The sorbent is trisodium hydrogen dicarbonate dehydrate (Trona) (preferred), sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc ferrite, zinc copper ferrite, zinc titanate, copper ferrite aluminate, copper aluminate, copper managanese oxide, nickel supported on alumina, zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper, copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide, limestone, lime, iron, iron (II) oxide, iron (III) oxide, iron (II, III), iron filings, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate magnesium oxide, silica, alumina, china clay, kaolinite, bauxite, emathlite, attapulgite, coal ash, egg shells or calcium-montmorillonite. The Trona is present at 3-15 (preferably 5-10) wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in wt.%): moisture (4.63); volatile matter (73.14); fixed carbon (16.56); ash (5.67); carbon (57.76) hydrogen (7.34); nitrogen (0.14); oxygen (18.93); sulfur (3.5); and chlorine (2.03).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is palladium/carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is performed at 20-50 degrees C and 0.05-3 MPa, preferably 30-40 degrees C and 0.1-0.2 MPa, and at pH of 5-8, preferably 6-7.5. Preferred Component: The water-insoluble solvent can dissolve compound (I). It comprises halogenated hydrocarbon solvent and/or ester solvent, preferably methylene chloride, chloroform, and/or ethyl formate, most preferably ethyl acetate. The water-soluble solvent is ketones solvent, alcohols solvent, amide class solvent, and/or ether solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, meta-acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or ethyl alcohol, more preferably acetone and/or methyl alcohol. The volume ratio of water, water-soluble solvent, and water-insoluble solvent is 1:(0.5-2):(0.5-2), preferably 1:0.75:0.75. The pH is adjusted using morpholine buffer solution, N-methyl morpholine buffer solution, pyridine buffer solution, 2-methyl pyridine buffer solution or 2,6-dimethyl pyridine buffer solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The standing temperature is at 5-15 degrees C. Vacuum drying is at 26-28 degrees C for 4-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The total number of the microorganism cell of each ingredient is 2x 1010 g. The total number of the cell of Methanogenic archaea is 5x 108/g. The cellulose decomposing bacteria is Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and/or Clostridium sufflavum. The proteolytic bacterium is Clostridium pasteurianum. The fat decomposing bacteria is Syntrophomona sapovorans. The hydrogen-generation acetic acid-generation bacteria is Syntrophomonas wolfei. The sulfate reducing bacteria is Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and/or Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis. The methanogenic archaea is Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanocorpusculum parvum, Methanosarcina barkeri and/or Methanosaeta concilii. The Composition comprises 15-25 wt.% of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, 10-20 wt.% of Clostridium sufflavum, 9-15 wt.% of Clostridium pasteurianum, 10-15 wt.% of Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis, 8-15 wt.% of Syntrophomona sapovorans, 8-12 wt.% of Syntrophomonas wolfei, 10-16 wt.% of Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis, 0.5-1 wt.% of Methanospirillum hungatei, 1-2 wt.% of Methanocorpusculum parvum, 0.5-2.5 wt.% of Methanosarcina barkeri and 0.5-4 wt.% of Methanosaeta concilii.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The preliminary fermentation comprises adding 3-5 times of water to the weight of the straws, dissolving 1% mycete powder by weight of the straws in the water, fermenting at more than 15 degrees C for 36-72 hours, but not more than room temperature, and maintaining for the plant straw at 40-60 degrees C after their own heat production. The method comprises stripping the cellulose residues, squeezingly washing the straws with 2-4 times of water of the straws, heating and concentrating the flushing liquor under negative pressure to obtain concentrated solution having a concentration of 24-26%, adding 1-2% Saccharomycetes powder by weight of the straws in the concentrated solution, fermenting at 30-40 degrees C for 60-72 hours, and distilling at 95-105 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain ethanol with a concentration of 85-95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The moisture content of the nut inner layer hard shell powder is 10-12% and its particle size is not less than 5 mm. The moisture content of the nut outer layer soft shell slurry is 15-25%. The nut is pecan, walnut, chestnut or Torreya grandis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Potassium is used as an osmotic pressure protective agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Concentration of aluminum oxide hydroxide is 2-5 mol/L of aluminum sol-gel. Active alumina powder is immersed in water solution of alkaline center precursor in 3 hours at 48 degrees C. Drying is carried out at 500-700 degrees C for 2-10 hours. The obtained solid has 100-300 meshes powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preferred Method: The method comprises: (a) mixing sodium heparin powder with pyridine in a weight ratio of 1:(1-10) to obtain a mixture; (b) adding organic anhydride and sodium heparin into the mixture in a ratio of 1:(1-10), stirring for 3-10 hours at room temperature under the protection of insert gas for esterification; and (c) taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a termination agent to stop the esterification reaction, filtering to obtain a white powder, performing dialysis for 12-48 hours, and freeze-drying. Preferred Components: The sodium heparin is low-molecular weight sodium heparin. The organic anhydride is acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, valeric anhydride or caproic anhydride. The pyridine is provided with an ammonia substituent. The heparin ester is a non-selective ester or has some selectivity. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biogas slurry obtained in the step (a) is either solid-liquid separated or directly introduced to the step (b). The micro-oxidation process comprises performing micro-oxidation in the presence of air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and/or ozone at 20-80 degrees C for 3 minutes to 12 hours, and under ventilation ratio of 0.05-8 l/lx minute (adding hydrogen peroxide 0.001-0.5% v/v). The decoloring process is performed at 20-70 degrees C for 20-60 minutes in the presence of activated carbon, diatomite, activated alumina and/or other common decolorants accounting for 0.1-100 g/l. The step (c) is non-essential, if the biogas slurry in the micro-oxidation process of the step (b) is solid-liquid separated and is not decolorized then the step (c) is omitted. The solid acid treatment in step (d) comprises treating the biogas slurry at 20-80 degrees C for 5-120 minutes in the presence of molecular sieve, resin and/or silica gel accounting for 10-400 g/l. The extracted waste liquid is processed through microbial fermentation after the anaerobic biogas fermentation process. Preferred Components: The extracted waste liquid in the step (a) includes discharged wastewater obtained by extracting fermentation liquids of different kinds of fermentation product. The extracted waste liquid is either solid-liquid separated or directly introduced into the anaerobically fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Mass ratio of ionic liquid to cellulose is 1:1-30:1. Ionic liquid comprises imidazole, alkyl pyridines, quat-ammonium salt. Ionic liquid and liquefied product can be separated by adding acetonitrile/ethyl acetate to carry out and refining.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The quaternary ammonium-type lignin is prepared as follows. (In parts weight) alkali lignin (1-5), distilled water (100-200), phenol (5-20) and sulfuric acid aqueous solution (10-50) having concentration of 60-80 wt.% are added into a reactor, stirred at 50-100 degrees C for 2-10 hours, filtered, resultant solid is washed using warm water of 30-50 degrees C for 2-5 times until pH becomes 6-8, and the solid is dried at 30-50 degrees C for 10-40 minutes, to obtain phenolated lignin. The obtained phenolated lignin, sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having concentration of 0.5-8 mol/L, and quaternary ammonium salt monomer aqueous solution having concentration of 10-80 wt.% are added in weight ratio of 100:0.5-5:10-100 into a reactor, stirred at 50-100 degrees C for 0.5-8 hours, filtered, resultant solid is washed using water for 2-5 times, and dried at 30-50 degrees C for 10-40 hours, to obtain quaternary ammonium-type lignin. The distilled water is replaced by deionized water. The alkali lignin is prepared by concentrating papermaking soda pulping waste liquor, and spray-drying. Preferred Composition: The quaternary ammonium salt monomer solution contains trimethyl epoxy propyl ammonium chloride as quaternary ammonium salt monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl alcohol has polymerization degree of 1700-2200, and alcoholysis degree is 87-90% or 97-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ferric chloride is 1.5-1.7 times weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The red mud is obtained by 1.25-1.50 times weight of semi-air-dried red mud. The semi-air-dried red mud is a byproduct of aluminum production by Bayer method. The straw biomass char is obtained by drying 2.20-2.80 times weight of crop stalks naturally, cutting stalks into the sections with the length of 20-30 cm, and carbonizing. The crop stalks include rice, corn, soybeans, and millet straws.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The diesel oil comprises (wt.%) acid oil (70), commodity gasoline (29.7), and additive (0.3). The additive comprises (wt.%) 99.99% absolute ethyl alcohol (0.295-0.29) and tert. butyl ferrocene (0.005-0.010).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol is industrial methanol having concentration of 95-99.99%. The high alcohol is 6-12C high level fatty acid alcohol. The nitric acid ester is alicyclic nitric acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The blood meal and industrial organic waste water are mixed using energy- static mixing reactor. The wastewater is refining waste water from silk spinning factory or textile industry. The molded coal bonding agent is obtained by crushing anthracite coal which is having a size less than 6 mm, mixing the obtained coal powder with composite binder in a ratio of 100:12 at 20 MPa, and drying the mixture for 2 hours at 100-130 degrees C. The method utilizes domestic animal blood or blood meal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfate comprises sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The energy-saving fuel comprises (pts.wt.) coal slime (40), craw coal (15), and straw (20); auxiliary ingredients including calcium carbonate (10) and nickel soil (12); adhesives including starch (1.5), polypropylene (0.1), and sodium hydroxide (0.5); and polymeric combustion-supporting additive (0.02).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C. In the process, pure water is added for hydrolyzing in an acidic condition to control a pH of 2-5. The hydrolyzing time of adding the pure water in the acidic condition is 5-20 (preferably 5-10) minutes. Preferred Components: The inorganic acid comprises one or more sulfuric acid (preferred), hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrobromic acid. The anhydride comprises acetic anhydride (preferred), propionic anhydride or butyric anhydride. The ratio of the thiophene malonic acid to acetone is 1 g:(1-15 ml), preferably 1 mg:(1-5 ml). The ratio of the thiophene malonic acid to the dimethyl sulfoxide is 50 g:(0.1-0.5 ml), preferably 50 g:(0.2-0.25 ml). The ratio of the thiophene malonic acid to the sulfuric acid is 25 g:(1-5 ml). The ratio of the thiophene malonic acid to the anhydride is 1 g:(1-5 ml). The ratio of the thiophene malonic acid to the pure water is 1 g:(5-10 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of diphenylamine, 4-bromonitrobenzene, and potassium carbonate is 1:0.8-1.5:1-1.5. The palladium acetate is added in an amount of 1-5 mol.%. The reaction solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide. Preferred Method: Reaction is carried out at 90-140 degrees C for 2-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of 1,2,6,7-tetrahydro-8H-indeno(5,4-b)furan-8-one and cyanoacetic acid is 1:0.8-3.5. The organic acid is acetic acid, leucinocaine, benzene sulfonic acid, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid or proline. The alkali is dimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, N-methyl piperazine, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate and/or potassium fluoride. The solvent is solvent, is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, methyl alcohol, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide or acetic acid. Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing obtained residue, alcohol and ammonia, reacting in the presence of Raney nickel or adding palladium carbon catalyst (5-10 wt.%) for hydrogenation reaction at 20-80 degrees C, and adding obtained product to hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The oximation reaction is performed by 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetralin-2-ketone, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and alkali in non-acid solvent at 20-80 degrees C to obtain 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetralin-2- ketoxime. The 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetralin-2-ketoxime is used for performing beckmann rearrangement under concentrated sulfuric acid (preferably), phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride or polyphosphoric acid, at 60-120 (preferably 90-100) degrees C. The alkali is sodium hydride; the non-acid solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl sulfoxide; and the reaction temperature is at 70-80 degrees C. The mole ratio of the alkali to compound (III) is 1-2:1; the mole ratio of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to compound (III) is 1-1.5:1; and the concentration of the non-acid solvent is 10-15 ml/g. Preferred Components: The non-acid solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane or ethyl acetate; the alkali is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, preferably potassium carbonate; and the reaction temperature is at 40-50 degrees C. The mol ratio of hydroxylamine hydrochloride to compound (I) is 1-1.5:1; the mole ratio of the alkali to compound (I) is 1-1.5:1; and the concentration of the non-acid solvent is 5-10ml/g. The concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride or polyphosphoric acid is 5-10 ml/g. The substitution reaction of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-3-benzoazepine-2-ketone and 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is performed in alkali and non-acid solvent, at 20-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid used in the first step is p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methylbenzene, dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dilute alkaline liquid is sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The glucosamine hydrochloride crude product is prepared by hydrolysis comprising pumping 30-35 mass% hydrochloric acid into reaction kettle; steam heating at 60-70 degrees C; adding citric acid waste residue; raising temperature to 90-105 degrees C; hydrolyzing for 2-5.5 hours, where weight ratio of citric acid waste residue and hydrochloric acid is 1:1.6-2.5; extracting by putting the hydrolyzed material into the filter barrel for filtering; extracting the filter residue with water for 2-3 times; rinsing with 3 mass% dilute alkaline liquid until neutral or slightly acidic; collecting mother liquor and rinsing with water and mixing; evaporating and concentrating the mixed mother liquor; distilling until material liquid is 80 wt.% of the total weight of the mixed mother liquor; naturally cooling at 25-35 degrees C in cooling kettle; and centrifuging to obtain solid substance i.e. crude glucosamine hydrochloride. The method further comprises drying glucosamine hydrochloride refined product in a drier at 0.001-0.09 MPa under vacuum condition; heating at 40-60 degrees C; drying for 5-6 hours; crushing; and packaging. The citric acid waste residue is generated in fermentation production of citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The ultrafiltration membrane is made of polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polysulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, or crosslinked or modified acrylic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst is metallic oxide generated by compounding nickel, iron, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, manganese, gold, silver, copper, tin, cadmium, rubidium, titanium and/or aluminum, and oxygen is added for burning. Preferred Component: The metallic oxide is solid powder with grain size of 1-1000 mu m. The catalyst is 0.01-1% of the handling capacity of wastewater. The active carbon is 0.1-5% of the handling capacity of wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mesoporous aluminum oxide is an ordered mesoporous aluminum oxide and/or an unordered mesoporous aluminum oxide, where a crystalline phase of the mesoporous aluminum oxide is amorphous or gamma phase. The mesoporous catalyst disproportionates low-carbon olefin using adsorption material that is chosen from aluminum oxide, active carbon, silica gel, aluminosilicate, Y-type zeolite or X-type zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mesoporous catalyst disproportionates ethane and butene to generate propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The anode plate and cathode plate are lined by a material having resistance to deterioration with respect to high-concentration of electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The anode plate contains stainless steel. The cathode plate contains titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The activated-sludge concentration is 8000-10000 mg/L. Preferred Structure: The support is polyhedron. Preferred Properties: The ratio of the length of the one side with respect to the channel width between the flat films of the support is 0.5-0.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dried biomass is used for the preparation of fuel pellets. The thermally treated biomass is a commodity. The drying apparatus for drying the biomass is a rotary tube with internal heating tubes, an indirectly heated fluidized bed system or a shaft reactor with internal heating tubes. The apparatus for thermal treatment comprises the heated rotary tube, the heated shaft furnace or heated fluidized bed system. The apparatus for thermal treatment is provided by a directly or indirectly heated design. Preferred Method: The dried and thermally treated biomass is ground to a combustible dust. The dried, thermally treated and/or ground biomass is supplied to a combustor or gasification. The gasification of biomass is carried out in a fixed bed reactor or the fluidized bed reactor. The gasification of biomass ground to combustible dust is carried out in an entrained flow gasification reactor. The waste heat from the gasification process is additionally used for thermal treatment of the biomass. The thermal treatment of the biomass in the apparatus is carried out at 250-600 degrees C, preferably 280-320 degrees C in the directly or indirectly heated rotary tube, the directly or indirectly heated shaft furnace or directly or indirectly heated fluidized bed system. The residual gases from downstream gas processing and synthesis systems and the debound gases from the thermal treatment of biomass are used for providing the fuel gas for the apparatus. The heated steam condensate discharged from the process is used for preheating the raw biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of anhydrous Linezolid crystalline Form-II involves synthesizing (S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl methyl acetamide having enantiomeric purity less than 0.5% and having impurity by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of less than 0.1%; mixing the (S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl methyl acetamide in a solvent at 90-95 degrees C; where the solvent is selected from secondary butanol, tertiary butanol and n-butyl acetate (preferably n-butyl acetate); where the (S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl methyl acetamide is mixed for at least 40-45 minutes. Preferred Components: The anhydrous Linezolid crystalline Form-II has X ray diffraction pattern as given in the specification; and has infrared (IR) spectrum as given in the specification. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial. No biological data is given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Linezolid having an enantiomeric impurity less than 0.5% (10 g) was suspended with n-butyl acetate (200 ml). Heated the suspension to 85-90 degrees C and the mixture was stirred for 40-45 minutes. Slowly cooled the mixture to 25-30 degrees C and stirred for 30 minutes and then the mixture was cooled to 0-5 degrees C and stirred for 60 minutes. The precipitated solids were filtered to give anhydrous Linezolid crystal form-II having water content of less than 0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves subjecting the waste to biological treatment by composting, preferably wet composting step. The waste product has a dry matter concentration of at least 0.1, preferably at least 0.35, most preferably at least 0.45 weight/weight%, where the dry matter concentration is adjusted to 1 weight/weight% by adding manure, biowaste, and ash, or their combination. The waste product is subjected to biological treatment under aerobic conditions until the temperature reaches at least 30 degrees C, preferably at least 35 degrees C, more preferably at least 40 degrees C, and most preferably at least 45 degrees C. The method involves adjusting the pH of waste product to at least 8, preferably 9, and most preferably 9 or higher, where the pH id adjusted using urea, ammonia or lime or their combination. The method involves adjusting pH of waste product that results in formation of uncharged ammonia in the waste product. The method involves adding urea to the waste product at a concentration of at least 0.2, preferably 0.5 weight/weight%. The method involves performing steps (a) and (b) consecutively in same container, or in separate containers. Preferred System: The aerobic reactor is for performing composting step, preferably wet composting step. The aerobic reactor functions as sanitization reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The subjecting step is carried out at an elevated temperature, at least about 30 degrees C in mesophilic process, or at least 50 degrees C in thermophilic process. The adjusting step involves adjustment of the pH to at least pH of 7 (preferably 9, especially above 9) to produce uncharged ammonia in the digestate. The pH adjustment is performed through addition of one of urea, ammonia, hydroxides and/or lime (preferably urea at a concentration of at least 0.1-2.5, preferably 0.5-1 wt./wt.%). The digestate is incubated at a pH of at least 7, preferably about 9, especially above 9, and temperature of at least 30 degrees C to produce uncharged ammonia in the digestate. The digestate is used for fertilization purposes. Preferred Components: The waste additionally comprises at least one of human excrements, animal excrements, sewage, sludge, and gray water. The waste comprises crop residues or energy crops. The waste is liquid waste having an energy content expressed as dry matter concentration in the interval of 2-12 (preferably 4-10) wt./wt.%. Preferred System: The biogas reactor also functions as sanitization reactor. The system additionally comprises device for heat recovery, where heat is recovered downstream, such as in the product storage silos; and used for heating or conditioning the incoming material as it is fed to the reactor, for maintaining an elevated temperature in the sanitization reactor, or for heating adjacent buildings. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method for producing a biofuel using genetically modified lOB, further comprises electrochemically reducing the ferric iron to a second source of ferrous iron; and feeding the second source of ferrous iron to the lOB, where the second source of ferrous iron serves as a mediator for transferring electrons to the lOB. d according to claim 1, where the lOB is genetically modified to include a 2-keto-acid decarboxylase gene and an alcohol dehydrogenase gene. The lOB is substantially Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The lOB are genetically modified to be able to utilize hydrogen as an electron donor. In the method for producing a chemical using genetically modified IOB, each of the first and second chemicals is one of a commodity chemical, a specialty chemical, a feedstock such as an acid, an amino acid, a carbohydrate, and their combination. Preferred System: The system further comprises an electrochemical reactor in fluid communication with the bioreactor, the electrochemical reactor configured to electrochemically reduce ferric iron produced in the bioreactor to a second source of ferrous iron. The electrochemical reactor includes a cathode formed substantially from at least one of nickel and glassy carbon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The ferment comprises trace- and micro trace elements, and a nutrient-transport system. The ferment is a liquid. The ferment is enzymatic. Preferred Process: The ferment is fermented and liquefied with vitalized water. The ferment is fermented with lactic acid cultures (bacteria). The ferment is stimulated by adding sugar beet molasses, for fermenting. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Bacteria: The strain is composite microbial system of anaerobic bacteria. The strain comprises T.polysaccharolyticum (37.5%), T.thermosaccharolyticum (37.5%), T.aciditolerans (12.5), and T. thermosulfurigenes (12.5%) and are analyzed using 16S recombinant DNA clone library. The working temperature of the strain is 60-70 degrees C. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves using (in g): yeast powder (1-5), ammonium chloride (0.5-2.5), magnesium sulfate (0.5-2), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.1-0.5), sodium chloride (2-4), and ferric chloride (1-5 mg) and tap water (1000 mu l) and filter paper. The method is performed at pH 7-8. The method (M2) involves cutting the rice straw into segment of 1 cm, soaking the segment in sodium hydroxide solution (1%) for 24 hours, washing the segment using hydrochloric acid (0.5%) for 3 times, placing the segment (3 weight/volume%) in anaerobic pipe, preparing culture medium using (in g): yeast powder (3), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (1.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (1), sodium chloride (2), ammonium chloride (0.6), ferric chloride (0.005), and water (1 l), and maintaining the prepared culture medium at pH 7.5, deaerating, and sterilizing the medium, inoculating the culture medium (5 volume/volume%) with anaerobic composite microbial system, processing the culture in culture box at 65 degrees C, and degrading straw. The straw is degraded after 2-3 weeks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The final level of sulfur is 0.01 to less than 20 ppm, preferably 0.01 to less than 15 ppm. The sulfur compound comprises 0.01-15 ppm of the fuel additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkyl metal oxide catalyst, preferably dibutyl tin oxide. In the method, prior to step (a), the fatty acid stream is first subjected to heat treatment. Preferred Components: The alcohol is 1-9C alcohol. The alcohol comprises methanol (preferred), ethanol, iso-propanol or 2-ethylhexyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The enzymes include xylanase enzymes, cellobiohydrolase enzymes, and beta -glucosidase cellulase enzymes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Stillage is pretreated by adding acid to whole stillage to decrease its pH level, heating and pressurizing stillage, holding stillage under pressure and heat for a dwell time, removing pressure from the stillage to cause flashing and cooling the stillage before enzymes are added Preferred Component: The acid is sulfuric acid. Predetermined amount of acid is added to decrease pH of stillage to approximately 1-4.5. The stillage is heated at 200-300 degrees F and stillage is pressurized to pressure more than vapor pressure. The dwell time is approximately 1-20 minutes. Addition of enzyme and fermentation are performed in a single vessel or separate vessels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion main block and the pilot block of the ignition can be separated or the combustion main block of the combustion main lower support and support on the pilot block of the ignition are connected into a whole structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The combustible gasses has hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite acid catalyst comprises acetic acid (10-20%), methanesulfonic acid (10-20%), benzenesulfonic acid (15-30%), oxalic acid (15-30%) and sulfuric acid (0-50%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The separated and purified strain is transferred to starch hydrolysis culture medium, gelatin hydrolysis culture medium and cellulose degradation culture medium, and screening single probiotic strain. The compound primary strain and auxiliary material are mixed at weight ratio of 1-3:100 to obtain secondary compound strain. Preferred Component: The weight ratio of first culture medium strain, second culture medium strain and third culture medium strain is 6:3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw and starch glue are mixed, pressed and molded. The starch glue is non-toxic and flavorless.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of the biological oil to acetic anhydride to solid alkali is 1 g:(0.005-0.05) mol:(0.1-0.3) g. In step (A), the solid alkali is potassium hydroxide/ gamma -aluminum oxide (Al2O3), sodium hydroxide/ gamma -Al2O3 or barium hydroxide/ gamma -Al2O3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biogas slurry is obtained by mixing solid waste with sewage sludge uniformly at mass ratio of 15-90% and obtaining mixture, fermenting the mixture containing water content of 10-40% at 10-55 degrees C for 20-50 days, where the solid waste is added once for every 15 days. The amount of adding solid waste in the method of producing gas is 0.5-1 times of the solid waste mass used in preparing biogas slurry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Iris tectorum is planted in an artificial wetland system. The wetland bed is internally composed of a wetland filling matrix and shale hollow bricks. The interior of the wetland system is automatically supplied with oxygen through the holes of shale hollow bricks. The grain size of the filling matrix and the filling thickness are manually screened. The wetland is filled with a gravel layer, which is 15 cm in thickness and 10-20 mm in grain size, a slag layer, which is 20 cm in thickness and 1-10 mm in grain size, and a sandy soil layer, which is 15 cm in thickness. The water inlet form of the wetland system utilizes discontinuous water inlet. The time period without water inlet of the wetland system is used for further filling the internal oxygen content to improve the automatic oxygen supply capability in the wetland system. The portion of Iris tectorum is periodically harvested for sale, where the old leaves of the plants are cleaned in time to prevent the secondary pollution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The capacity ratio of ore toner to water is 1:10, and weight ratio of ink to water is 5:33.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material of the fixed carrier (3) is carbon fiber felt, activated carbon fiber felt, coconut or polypropylene fiber. The fixed carrier (3) is hollow cylinder, which is vertically arranged in the reaction chamber, and is arranged in column form. The upper flow anaerobic sludge bed is provided with a sampling port (5). The upflow anaerobic sludge bed is provided with an overflow port (7). The height of the overflow port (7) is higher than the height of the fixed carrier (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dryer comprises a feed port, a drying main body, a spiral feeder, a driving device, a rotary device, an air inlet, an air outlet and an explosion-proof opening. The feed port is provided in the side of the drying main body. The spiral feeder is provided in the drying body to the opposite side with the feed port. The rotary device and the driving device is connected to and set in the spiral feeder on the upper side. The air inlet is provided in the drying main body and located in the upper side of the feed port. The air outlet is provided in the drying main body on the opposite side with the air inlet. The explosion-proof opening is provided in the drying body and located between the air inlet and the air outlet. The dryer further comprises a scratching device set in the cavity of the drying main body. The dryer further comprises a support, where the drying main body is set on the support. The drying main body is further provided with at least one of access door. The side wall of the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with an observation hole. The system further comprises a fan arranged at the outlet of the cyclone separator. The static dust remover, a desulfurizing device and a smoke gas pipeline are set on a lead blower. The system further comprises a deodorization device set on the sludge tank and connected to the smoke gas pipeline before an electrostatic precipitator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The strong oxidant is peroxyacetic acid or hydrogen peroxide solution. The acid used for acidifying is phosphoric acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The papermaking black liquor is black liquor obtained by alkali pulping of a straw or wood as raw material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali matter comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid comprises phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, or organic acid such as oxalic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) carbamide (470-520, preferably 520), monoammonium phosphate (114-345, preferably 114), potassium sulfate (100-300, preferably 300), combined urease inhibitor (1-3, preferably 1), combined nitration inhibitor (1-3, preferably 1), seaweed concentrated extraction solution (8-10, preferably 10) and filler (50-80, preferably 54).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The seaweed is prepared using giant kelp and Enteromorpha as raw material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic base is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by making dimethyl uracil and fatty acid carry out acylation to generate 8-R substituent; carrying out ring-closure reaction to prepare theophylline compound containing different substituents R; making the theophylline compound and halogenating agent carry out chloroformylation reaction; making the theophylline compound carry out substitution reaction with 4-(2-(trityl tetrazole-5-yl)phenyl)- benzyl bromine to obtain 9-(4-(2-(tetrazole-5-yl)phenyl)benzyl)-substituted theophylline compound; and carrying out the hydrolysis reaction. The mole ratio of dimethyl uracil to fatty acid is 1:1-5. The acylation reaction is conducted at 50-100 degrees C for 2-10 hours. Ring-closure reaction is carried out under the condition of inorganic base at 20-100 degrees C for 4-40 hours. The chloroformylation reaction and substitution reaction are carried out under the condition of inorganic base. The chloroformylation reaction is conducted at 20-50 degrees C for 30-60 hours. The mole ratio of the theophylline compound to the 4-(2-(trityl tetrazole-5-yl)phenyl)-benzyl bromine is 1:1-2. The reaction is carried out at 20-100 degrees C for 4-72 hours. The hydrolysis reaction is carried out under the condition of inorganic base at 20-80 degrees C for 4-40 hours. Preferred Component: The halogenating agent is thionyl chloride, phosphorus chloride, or acyl chloride. The mole ratio of the theophylline compound containing the different substituents R to the halogenating agent is 1:1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The culture medium solution in the acclimating reaction system comprises acetic acid (0.1-1.5 mL/L), propanoic acid (0.1-0.7 mL/L), potassium chloride (100-360 mg/L), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate (50-250 mg/L), ammonium chloride (85-300 mg/L), magnesium sulfate (70-230 mg/L), calcium chloride (20-100 mg/ L), ferric chloride hexahydrate (5-20 mg/L), peptone (110-600 mg/L), and yeast extract (30-206 mg/L).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pour average molecular weight is 2000-30000, and dispersion degree is 1-3. The alkyl methacrylate or alkyl acrylate monomer is 8-22C alkyl. The alpha -hydroxy compound is 2-methacrylate, methacrylic acid-2 ester, methacrylic-2 ester or methacrylic acid-2-ethyl ester. The diluent is isobutane, pentane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, diethylene dimethyl ether, 4-ethylene glycol dimethyl ether biphenyl, hydrogenated naphthalene, dioctyl adipate or ether. The initiator is benzoyl peroxide, azo nitrile butyl acetyl, tert-butyl acid peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylacetic tert-butyl acetate, n-butyllithium, tert-butyl lithium, lithium benzhydryl, benzyl sodium, lithium tertiary alcohol salt or compound contain trimethylsilyl group. The chain transfer agent is dodecyl mercaptan or ethyl mercaptan. The base oil is 0.01-2 wt.%. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 50-150 degrees C and pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa for 4-15 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The phytosterol co-solvent or dispersing agent comprises polyethylene glycol, sunflower oil or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mole ratio of chlorobenzene glycine with 4-dimethylaminopyridine catalyst is 1:0.005-0.05. The mole ratio of chlorobenzene glycine, trifluoroacetic acid, and phosphorus trichloride is 1:1.05-1.5:1.1-1.5. The mole ratio of 2-chloro acrylonitrile and DMF is 1:0.2-5. The mole ratio of chlorobenzene glycine, 2-chloro acrylonitrile, and triethylamine is 1:1.05-1.5:1.1-1.5. The molar ratio of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile crude product and the alcohol solvent is 1:20-50. The alcohol solvent is methanol or ethanol. The molar ratio of 4-bromo-2(4-chlorophenyl)-5(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile intermediate, chloromethyl ethyl ether, and triethylamine is 1:1.1-1.35:1.15-1.20. Preferred Method: The acylation reaction is carried out by dropping phosphorus trichloride solution for 2-5 hours. The dropping triethylamine solution during the cyclization reaction is 3-6 hours. The dropping time of bromine during the bromination reaction is 4-6 hours. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding molecular sieve for enzyme catalyzed reaction, where the hole diameter of the molecular sieve is not greater than 20 Angstrom . The enzyme catalyzed reaction is carried out at 0-70 degrees C. Preferred Components: The hydrolase is obtained from micro organisms comprising Aspergillus niger, Candida rugosa, Rhizomucor miehei, Candida antarctica, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, thermophilic fungi, Bacillus subtilis, Fusarium solani, Alcaligenes, Rhizopus niveus, Mucor javanicus and lipase of Rhizopus oryzae. The hydrolase contains lipase Thermus thermophilus of thermophilic fungi and lipase novozyme 51032 of the Fusarium solani. The form of the lipase is fixed. The molecular sieve is 4A, 5A, 10x, and/or 13x. The solvent is methylbenzene, tert-butyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, hexane and/or acetonitrile. Preferred Definitions:    X = 4-nitrophenolyl or 3-nitrophenolyl; and    Y1 = C(CH3)2, C(CH2CH3)2, C(CH2CH2CH3)2 or C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2.    ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is active carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent comprises polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene carbonate, methanol, N-methylpyrrolidone or glycol methyl propenyle ether solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide, involves: cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide; and/or cultivating a recombinant host cell comprising the polynucleotide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 6 or the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 6; and/or their fragment having cellulolytic enhancing activity. The polypeptide is encoded by the polynucleotide contained in plasmid pGH61664 which is contained in Escherichia coli CGMCC 4601, plasmid pGH611590 which is contained in Escherichia coli CGMCC 4602, or plasmid pGH614950 which is contained in Escherichia coli CGMCC 4600. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves: (a) cultivating a transgenic plant or a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. The method (M5) further involves recovering the degraded cellulosic material. In the method (M7), the fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. The method (M7) further involves recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. Preferred Composition: The composition is a cellulolytic enzyme composition or a detergent composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises at least one informational database sorting seasonal data that prescribes the fixed volatility requirements on at least two prescribed dates or ranges of dates, where the IPU receives the seasonal data and calculates the ratio of butane based upon current date information and the seasonal data. In the system: the analyzing system generates a volatility signal based on the volatility; the IPU receives the volatility signal and calculates the ratio of butane based upon the volatility derived from the volatility signal and the fixed volatility requirement; the IPU generates a blending signal based on the ratio of butane; and the blending unit receives the blending signal and blends the butane from the butane supply with gasoline from the gasoline supply based upon the signal from the IPU.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The petroleum supply comprises many batches of different petroleum types which are unleaded gasoline having an octane rating of greater than or equal to 80, transmix, jet fuel, blendstock for oxygenate blending, subgrade or diesel fuel. The petroleum/SVMA mix comprises a gasoline:ethanol ratio of 95:5-5:95 or 90:10-60:40 or 90:10-80:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The compression-molding process molds a greater than or equal to 0.4 relative bulk density of compressed molding material using compression molding apparatus in which main body has frame, dies which are fixed into the frame and roller which mashes lignocellulosic biomass by carrying out sliding rotation of the dies upper surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper salt comprises copper(II) nitrate or copper nitrate pentahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal-organic framework comprises 3,3',3",5,5f,5"-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-hexabenzoate or its derivative and a copper, where the 3,3',3",5,5f,5"-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-hexabenzoate and the copper coordinate to one another to form the microporous framework. The polar solvent comprises N,N-dimethylformamide. Preferred Method: The elevated temperature is at least 50 degrees C. The metal-organic framework prepared by a process comprises (d) allowing the reaction to run at an elevated temperature for at least two days; and (e) activating the metal-organic framework by heating the metal-organic framework above 100 degrees C for one day under high vacuum. The method further comprises: the steps (d) and (e) as above per se; (f) binding a gas, preferably methane in a linker channel site to at least two organic linkers forming the metal-organic framework; and (g) binding a gas in a linker channel sites forming the metal-organic framework using primarily van der Waals forces. The method-I further comprises the steps (f) and (g) as above per se.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the step of submitting brine to concentrations is performed through multistage evaporation, thermal vapor recompression and/or mechanical vapor recompression. The step of cooling the first liquid content is carried out through vacuum cooling and/or cooling by means of heat exchangers. The step of performing the enrichment of the second solid content is carried out through cold leaching, direct flotation of potassium chloride or elutriation. The step of performing the enrichment of the second solid content is carried out through combinations of multistage evaporation and thermal vapor recompression and/or multistage evaporation and evaporation by mechanical vapor recompression. The process comprises brine preheating step, prior to the step of submitting brine to concentration. The preheating is performed by surface condensers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The Thalia dealbata is planted in an automatic oxygen wetland system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wetland system comprises wetland filling matrix and shale hollow bricks, where the oxygen is supplied to the wetland system through the shale hollow brick. The wetland fills 15 cm thick gravel layer having grain diameter of 10-20 mm, 20 cm thick slag layer having grain diameter of 1-10 mm and 15 cm thick sand layer. The wetland system internal oxygen content improves automatic oxygen capacity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The blade utilizes manganese steel casting and heat treatment. The cutting edge angle of the blade is 25-30 degrees , and the thickness is 6-8 mm. The work surface of the blades 1 and 2 is a cylindrical surface, and is close to the upper part of the cylinder port. The working face of the blades 3, 4, 5 and 6 is spiral surface, and arranged in order along the rotating shaft. The work surface of the blades 7 and 8 is plane, and is close to the lower cylinder component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The waste water sieving machine is connected with a modular sewage processor, which is further connected to an ecological pond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The conveying device utilizes a multi-stage screw conveyor. The multi-stage screw conveyor comprises a first-stage screw conveyor and a second-stage screw conveyor. The first-stage screw conveyor is tilted, where its head end is arranged on the bottom of the feeding hopper and its tail end is horizontally arranged on the second stage screw conveyor. The tail end of the second-stage screw conveyor is arranged on the pyrolyzing device. The pyrolyzing device comprises a cylindrical pyrolyzing chamber, which is horizontally arranged on the machine frame and a drive device. The drive device is connected with the pyrolyzing chamber through a transmission device and capable of driving the pyrolyzing chamber to rotate. A sealing head for sealing a connection part is arranged between the pyrolyzing device and the insulation layer. The heating device comprises a heating chamber, a combustion chamber, a gas channel, a combustor, an igniter and an air blower. The heating chamber coated out of the pyrolyzing chamber of the pyrolyzing device is square or circular. An exhausting pipe is arranged on the heating chamber. The combustion chamber is connected with the heating chamber. The combustion chamber is connected with the gas channel at the pyrolyzing gas outlet of the pyrolyzing device. The combustor and the air blower are arranged on the bottom of the combustion chamber. The igniter is arranged on the combustor. The combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the heating chamber and utilizes a catalyst combustion chamber. The device further comprising a waste heat recycling device is connected with the exhausting pipe of the heating device. The discharging device is provided with the tilted screw conveyor and a sleeve type cooling device coated out of the screw conveyor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heavy metal extraction agent is citric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and the dosage of the heavy metal extraction agent is 15-20 g/m3 sludge. Dosages of aseptic agent and activated carbon are respectively 1-5% of the sludge amount. The dosage of the industrial salt is 1-5% of the sludge amount. The combustion improver is plant fiber, turf or wood-ash. The agglomerant is clay, white mud, river mud, sodium silicate, coal asphalt, coal tar, petroleum asphalt, starch, humate and/or wood fiber.
ACTIVITY - Cytostatic; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The washing comprises washing at not greater than 120 degrees C, with biological diesel oil of 6-12 m/second at flow rate of the mechanical seal cavity. The temperature of the washing is 90-110 degrees C, with biological diesel oil of 8-10 m/second at flow rate of the mechanical seal cavity. The method comprises flashing biodiesel crude product into flash tower, extracting flash make biodiesel, and heavy oil from hydrochinone, using circulating pump to convey part heavy oil from hydrochinone, and returning flash tower by heat; introducing and washing circulation pump mechanical seal chamber circulating pump from extracted part biodiesel, washing to peel mechanical seal cavity of carbon-containing particle, and carbonaceous particle of diesel liquid storage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The camphor alcohol solution is prepared by crushing camphor into powder, then adding 95 % alcohol and stirring, where the mass ratio of camphor and alcohol is (0.1-0.2):5. The stewing temperature in step (i) is 5-15 degrees C. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of pepper, galangal, Litsea cubeba and alcohol solution is to (1-0.3), (0.02-0.03), (0.1-0.2):1. The mass ratio of camphor alcohol solution and the raw medicament slurry is 0.01:1. The mass ratio of turpentine and medicament solution is (0.01-0.05):1. The concentration of the alcohol solution in step (i) is 70-75 %. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises primary concentration of sludge, sending into dry anaerobic fermentation tank to produce residue and methane, sending the residue into a centrifugal dehydrator, directly sending small sewage (6) into sewage treatment plant (11), sending dewatered sludge into the low temperature carbonization furnace (7), where generated methane can be used in the low temperature carbonization furnace for heating and in the anaerobic fermentation tank, and where silicon carbide product can be used for fertilizer or fuel. The anaerobic reaction is carried out 50-55 degrees C. The low temperature carbonization furnace reaction is carried out at less than 300 degrees C and less than 10 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The crop straw comprises rice, corn or wheat. Preferred Method: The method includes preparing a base fertilizer using crop straw of 5-8 mm length, preparing a nursery fertilizer using crop straw of 2-5 mm length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the first catalyst and biomass powder in the step (b) is (1-1.5): 100. The first catalyst comprises carbonate and rare earth nitrate in a mol ratio of (10-20):1. The granularity of the biomass powder is 20-40 meshes. The moisture content of the semi-liquid slurry is 60-80%. The weight ratio of the second catalyst and biomass powder is (1-1.5): 100. The second catalyst comprises carbonate, nickel nitrate and rare earth nitrate is (10-20): (8-20) in the mo1ar ratio of (10-20): (8-20): 1. The carbonate is alkali metal carbonate or alkaline-earth metal carbonate. The alkali metal carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The alkaline-earth metal carbonate comprises calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. The rare earth nitrate is lanthanum nitrate or cerium nitrate. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises (a) crushing the waste biomass into biomass powder; (b) adding a catalyst to the biomass powder, uniformly stirring, and obtaining mixed powder material; and (c) adding water to the powder, uniformly stirring, and modulating into semi-liquid slurry. The step (ii) comprises placing the semi-liquid slurry to a reactor, performing stream gasification process at 200-300 degrees C for 15-40 minutes under a pressure of 6-12 MPa. The step (iii) comprises adding the crude oil into a second reactor, adding the second catalyst, performing supercritical water gasification process at 500-700 degrees C for 10-20 minutes under the pressure of 25-32 MPa. The step (iii) comprises sequentially washing the crude gas with water, de-foaming and dehydrating to obtain the biomass fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic fertilizer comprises (wt.%) urea (10), calcium superphosphate (10), potassium sulfate (25), potassium nitrate (25), diammonium phosphate (20), and auxiliary material sepiolite (10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer comprises manure, rape seed cake fertilizer, and straw at weight ratio of 5.5-7.5:2.5-3.5:0.5-1.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The spraying of bentonite is carried out along with biological agents e.g. humic acid, organic fertilizer, straw or fly ash to achieve the better improving effect. The method utilizes saline-alkali soil, barren soil, yellow soil and easily compacted soil for soil transformation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of bentonite is 15-60 t/hm2, preferably 30 t/hm2.
ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises (%) balloonflower (25), dehydrated feces of pig and chicken (25), wheat bran (10), yeast powder (5), bone meal (1), bean pulp (3), cotton pulp (5), cottonseed meal ash (12.5), mineral substance and trace elements (boron and zinc) (1.5) and lees powder (10). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic dry fermentation device and decarbonization device is separately designed or integrated design, and they are connected as a whole for circular flow of fermentation broth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ejection pressure of the liquid from the liquid spraying device (3) is not less than 0.5 MPa, the spraying direction can be adjusted, and adopting the programmable sprinkler technology for timely spraying of fermentation feedstock, so that the spray liquid is distributed only in the upper gas space in a non-timed period, and flows from the surrounding anaerobic dry fermentation device to the bottom. The decarburizing device adopts vacuum decarbonization method and/or air blowing decarbonizing method. The gas purifying device adopts pressure swing adsorption method, pressurized water washing, chemical adsorption method and/or membrane separation method. Preferred Components: The methane-rich biogas discharged from the anaerobic dry fermentation device has methane concentration of more than 85%; and the biogas discharged from the gas purification unit has methane concentration of more than 95%. The organic matter is organic garbage, excrement, food processing waste, straw, grass and/or municipal sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Organisms: The animal is mammal, bird or fish. The mammal is cow, sheep or pig.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The acid catalyst is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and their mixtures. Preferred Method: The microwave irradiation is performed for 10-15 minutes. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The by-product is pre-processed at 110-130 degrees C and 1.5-2.5 atmospheric pressure for 5-7 days. The fermented product is processed for 17-19 days.
ACTIVITY - ACTIVITY -Fertilizer; Plant growth regulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The entrainer is 85-95% methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ultrafiltration membrane is a membrane having molecular weight cutoff of 3000-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The crop harmed by the nematodes is any one of lettuce, celery, strawberry, Chinese cabbage, radish, soybean, kidney bean, cowpea, tomato, sweet potato, flowers and plants, peanut, cucumber, watermelon, melon, eggplant, cayenne pepper, ginger, Chinese yam, paddy, tobacco, ambary, banana, pine tree or citrus tree.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The co-solvent is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate and/or sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surfactant is sodium lauryl benzene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, trisodium phosphate and/or sodium tripolyphosphate. The filler is argil, kieselguhr, titanium white, land plaster or talcum powder or light calcium carbonate powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid value of grease is 1-150 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g. The epoxy is glycidyl ester and/or ether of formula (RaC(O)-O-CH2(CH-O-CH2)). The glycidyl ester pelargonic comprises glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl ester, heptanoic acid ethylene oxide ester, stearic acid ethylene oxidic ester, isostearic ethylene oxidic ester, oleic glycidyl ester, benzoic acid ethylene oxidic ester, tert-butylbenzoic acid glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and/or 2,2'-dimethyl acid glycidyl methacrylate. The glycidyl ether type epoxy compound is of formula (Rb-O-CH2(CH-O-CH2)). The glycidyl ether is isopropyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ether, amyl heptyl ether, octyl glycidyl ether, nonyl ether, decyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, dodecyl glycidyl ether, tridecyl alkyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl hexyl glycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, polyglycidyl ether, and/or glycol diglycidyl ether. The equivalent ratio of epoxy compound to free acid content of fat is 1-5 preferably 1-3.5.Ra=1-21C straight chain alkyl, preferably 1-21C alkyl, 5-7C alkenyl, 6-21C cycloalkyl group, 6-10C aryl, 7-21C alkyl, or 7-21C aryl alkyl;Rb=1-21C branched or straight chain alkyl.Preferred Method: The reaction is performed at 150-280 preferably 180-230 degrees C. The ester exchange reaction is performed at 50-185 degrees C, from normal pressure to 5 MPa, and at alcohol molar ratio of 1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low carbon alcohol is 1-8C alkyl alcohol, preferably methanol and/or 3-8C branched alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline liquid is saturated sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate water solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (II) is selected from N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or N-iodo-succinimide. The initiator is benzoyl peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile. The organic solvent is chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, n-hexane or benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred : The template agent is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The grain diameter of mesoporous silicon is 20-1000 nm, the specific surface area is 500-1500 m2/g and the average aperture is 2-50 nm. The anionic polyelectrolyte is chosen from maleic anhydride sodium salt, mosanon, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid and polyacrylamide. The cationic polyelectrolyte is chosen from chitosan, polyallylamine hydrochloride, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and heparin. The concentration of cationic polyelectrolyte or anionic polyelectrolyte solution is 0.2-2 mg/ml. The biological active molecules is chosen from growth factor, gene, biological enzyme and anti-tumor medicine. The growth factor is chosen from phosphoric acid sphingol, vascular endothelial growth factor, alkaline fibroblastic growth factor and epidermal growth factor. The gene is chosen from micro RNA, small interference RNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosome RNA. The biological enzyme is chosen from pectinase, protease, lipase, catalase and amylase. The anti-tumor medicine is chosen from adriamycin, hexadecadrol, lomustine, carmustine, dexrazoxane, fludarabin phosphate, capecitabine, taxol, tegafur, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, vinorelbine, elemene and hydroxycamptothecine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammonia water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The griffonin medicinal material is purified using a solvent combination that comprises chloroform-methanol-water in volume ratio of (4-6): (3-4): (3-4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macro-porous resin is chosen from HZ-818 macro-porous resin, HZ-830 macro-porous resin, AB 8 macro-porous resin or DM-310 macro-porous resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves primary heat-processing (S1) the organic waste raw material to reduce water content to predetermined value. The carbonization of organic waste is carried out at 150-250 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of mixture of fats and oils during primary heat-processing is 4-30 %mass, preferably 4-12 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modifier is phosphorus, boron and/or additive. The additive is gallium, zinc, zirconium, niobium and/or tantalum. The solid catalyst further comprises a binder material. The group VIII metal is platinum, palladium, silver, gold, rhodium, ruthenium and/or iridium. The transition metal is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum and/or tungsten. The group VIII metal and the transition metal comprise 0.01-2 wt.% of the solid catalyst component. The binder material is alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia and/or clays. The molar ratio of the group VIII metal to the transition metal is 10/1-1/10. The zeolite is zeolite beta , zeolite L, tetraethylammonium-mordenite, MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-39, MCM-41, MCM-48, PSH-3, zeolite socony Mobil (ZSM)-5 (preferred), Breck-6, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48 and/or SSZ-32. The inert gas is nitrogen and/or steam.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volatile organic component comprises a light 2-6C olefinic product stream. The high molecular weight organic compound is benzene, toluene and/or xylene. Preferred Method: In the method (I), the step of contacting includes wet impregnation, incipient wetness impregnation, ion exchange, framework substitution, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition and/or physical bending. The process of converting a mixed waste plastic into a low molecular weight organic compound further comprises recycling the light 2-6C olefinic product stream back to the fluidized bed reactor to produce a high molecular weight organic compound. In the process of converting a mixed waste plastic into a low molecular weight organic compound, hydrogen or the hydrogen source is added into the step (a1). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises (d) converting methanol (12) into at least one fuel. The step (d) comprises a methanol to gasoline (MTG) conversion process and a methanol to dimethyl ether (18) conversion process. The flue gas is subjected into a carbon dioxide scrubbing before step (c). Preferred Components: The fuel comprises at least (A) a liquefied petroleum gas comprising propane and butane, (B) substituted natural gas comprising methane, (C) gasoline fuel or (D) diesel fuel. The flue gas of a power plant is used in step (a). The hydrogen in step (b) is provided from the electrolysis of water. The electrical energy is used in the electrolysis, which is obtained by at least one of (i) nuclear fission, (ii) nuclear fusion, (iii) converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, preferably driven by at least one of the forces of wind or flowing water or (iv) conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The organism is bacteria, fungi, acetinomycetes, invertebrates, protozoa, algae, yeast, mold, insect larvae, insects, ciliates, infusoria, nematodes, earthworms, worms, eggs, cocoons and/or cysts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the exposing step involves providing oxygen-free atmosphere above the liquid reaction media and providing the waste material through the atmosphere and into the reaction media. The liquid reaction media is maintained at 310 degrees C during exposing; and is agitated during exposing. The agitation includes mechanical agitation. The atmosphere comprises N2. The waste material is provided to the reaction media during the exposing via an inert gas purged air lock. In the process (P2), the liquid reaction media has a boiling point greater than a boiling point of the fuel mixture. Upon exposing the solid carbon-based material to the liquid reaction media at least a portion of the fuel mixture is formed. The liquid reaction media is blanketed with oxygen-free atmosphere, and upon the exposing the fuel mixture comprises at least a portion of the atmosphere. The portion of the atmosphere is separated from the non-condensable and condensable fuels. The separating step involves distilling the fuel mixture. Preferred Components: The carbon-based waste material contains water (less than 16 wt./wt.%); and comprises biomass. The gaseous hydrocarbon fuel comprises 1-25C hydrocarbon compounds. The non-condensable fuel comprises 1-4C hydrocarbon compounds; and comprises CO and H2. The condensable fuel comprises hydrocarbon compounds having greater than 5 carbon atoms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The iron oxide is a magnetite powder which is manufactured by dissolving raw material, mineral, or industrial metal waste by acid and then precipitating by a basic solution. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction is performed in a carbon dioxide flow, where the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen are in a ratio of 0.1-1. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction is performed at not less than 240 degrees C, preferably 240-320 degrees C, and under a pressure of not less than 5 atm, preferably 5-50 atm. In the method, a weight hourly space velocity of the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is not less than 5 per hour, preferably 5-20 per hour. Preferred Components: The magnetite powder comprises ferroferric oxide (60-95 wt.%), has a specific surface area of 15-40 m2/g, and has a specific heat of 0.1-0.4 cal/g degrees C. EXAMPLE - Mixture containing guaiacol (5 wt.%) and n-tetradecane (95 wt.%) was placed into a metal reactor. Magnetite powder was added into the reactor to perform a hydrodeoxygenation reaction at 280 degrees C, where the pressure of hydrogen was 50 atm (at 25 degrees C) and the weight hourly space velocity was 10 per hour, to refine oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The oxidation state is maintained in the soil such that oxidation-reduction potential is 0-500 mV. The soil improvement agent is applied in the soil before seeding or transplanting a plant in soil. The saccharified residue has carrier-to-noise ratio of 8-40 and biological oxygen demand of 30-150 mg/g. The saccharification process is performed at a rate of 80% or more. The distillation residual liquor has carrier-to-noise ratio of 2-20 and biological oxygen demand of 30-100 mg/g. The fermentation solution is fermented so that conversion rate of the saccharide in the saccharified solution to alcohol is 70% or more. Preferred Component: The biomass is lignocellulosic biomass. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Analgesic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isomerization catalyst comprises at least one modest Lewis acid that promotes isomerization without affecting the oligomerization process. The isomerization catalyst comprises metals of nickel, platinum and/or palladium. The isomerization catalyst comprises a transition metal with the metal in the 2-6 oxidation state consisting of nickel, zinc, palladium, platinum, chromium, iron, manganese and/or cobalt. The bimetallic catalyst having a Lewis acid:metallocene ratio of 0.1-10, preferably 0.5-2. The metallocene based Ziegler Natta catalyst and MAO cocatalyst are prepared with aluminum:zirconium from 1:1-1000:1, preferably 1:1-100:1. The dehydration catalyst is gamma alumina, transition metal oxides, aluminum phosphate or other heterogeneous catalysts having moderate acidity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises the use of ligands with the isomerization catalysts. The oligomers formed through 1,2-addition is butane oligomers. Preferred Components: The alcohol feedstock is pure alcohols, mixed alcohols or complex mixtures including alcohols. The alcohol is of formula (CnH(2n+1)x(OH)x). The olefin mixture comprises moderately rich in primary olefins (20-80%). The alcohol feedstock comprises rich in primary olefins (greater than 80%). The olefin mixture comprises of 1-butene and 2-butene. The unreacted internal olefins comprise 2-butene. The oligomers comprise 1-butene chain.n, x = greater than or equal to 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The system further comprises silencer (50).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heat hydrolyzed organic waste and phase change materials of paraffin are processed at 150-200 degrees C and high pressure of 5-8 atm. Preferred Composition: The phase change materials of paraffin comprise n-eicosane (C20H42) and n-hexadosane (C26H54) as core material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The moisture content of solid fuel is 15-25 wt.%, after drying. Preferred Components: The coagulant is a mixture of grain powder and water. The calorie regulator is waste tire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a buffer device, where the buffer device is installed on the cooling circulating pipe and is respectively connected with the first liquid holding container and the second liquid holding container; a temperature monitoring device for detecting the holding space of the first liquid holding container formed by the temperature of the reacting chamber, where the temperature monitoring device is installed on the first liquid holding container; and a stirring device for stirring the third liquid holding container, where the stirring device is installed on the third liquid container. The separator is a separating funnel. The first heater and the second heater are numerical control heater. The oil return pipe is a rubber pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper surface of the methanol steam distributor at the bottom of the esterification reactor is uniformly distributed with a gas hole of the hollow disc, and its inlet is connected with the methanol gasifier through the pipeline. The heat exchanger has cylindrical structure, and its left end is provided with a cooling water outlet, the right end is provided with a cooling water inlet, the upper end is provided with a steam inlet, and the lower end is provided with a condensation outlet. The discharge pipeline of high acid value oil raw material tank, a methanol raw material tank and the acidic catalyst raw material tank is connected with the raw material outlet, and are respectively provided with a two-way valve I, II and III. The pipeline connected with the methanol steam distributor and the methanol gasifier is provided with the two-way valve IV, which is used to control the methanol steam flow. The product discharge port at the bottom of the esterification reactor is connected with the discharge pipeline provided with a control two-way valve to discharge material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first and second ester exchange reaction columns are columnar structures, the inner parts are respectively filled with mesoporous solid base catalyst and the outer parts are covered with a heater, an insulating layer and an electric heater. The first and second separators in the upper and middle part are column structures, the lower part is a cone structure, the upper part is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the sidewall is provided with a crude product discharge port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inner layer coated dome connected to the inner layer coated dome hooks, and the biogas storage tank are sealed by the biogas slurry. The outer foldable flexible biogas storage tank is connected by the outer foldable flexible biogas storage tank hook and sealed by the fermentation tank outer water seal groove to complete the whole inner and outer coated gas storage. The outer foldable flexible biogas storage tank can be folded and stretched along a vertical direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The total alkaloids comprising matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine or oxysophocarpine are extracted from Sophora flavescens root. The pesticide is not mixed with other pesticides but can be alternated with other pesticides. Preferred Components: The water is neutral or weak alkaline water of pH 7-7.5. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sludge conveying device is belt conveyer or spiral conveyer, where the mixing material conveying device is a belt conveyer or spiral conveyer, and the product conveying device is a belt conveyor. The combustion improver quantitative adding device comprises combustion conveying device and the conveying device combustion improver metering device, where the combustion improver is connected with the mixer feeding end. The stabilizing agent quantitative adding device comprises storage tank connected with a spiral conveyer which is inturn connected with the stabilizer metering device, where the stabilizing agent is connected to the mixer feeding end.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion improver is coal powder (70-95%) or plant powder (remaining). The stabilizer is at least one of fly ash, limestone powder or gypsum powder. The method further comprises adding mixing bonding agent, where the wt.% of dehydrated bonding agent is 3-10, and adding mixing foaming agent, where the wt.% of dehydrated foaming agent is 05-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (i) further comprises adding straw, rice bran and maize straw into the city domestic sludge (1-5% the weight of the city domestic sludge); and the fermentation process is carried out either: by adding microbial strain (18-20% the weight of the city domestic sludge) when the temperature is 10-20 degrees C or by adding microbial strain (23-25% the weight of the city domestic sludge) when the temperature is 20-30 degrees C or by adding microbial strain (8-10% the weight of the city domestic sludge) when the temperature is 30-40 degrees C. Preferred Components: The microbial strain used is microbial strain of BZT waste digester (RTM: Bacterial/enzyme mixture) from American company (Bio-Form, LLC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding selenium adsorbent simultaneously while adding selenium source at a ratio of 1:1 and adding agent, preferably humic acid which promotes selenium absorption by plants in a weight ratio of 10-100:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The selenium source is chosen from selenite, selenate, selenium yeast, selenium ore and their combinations. The adsorbent is chosen from activated carbon, clay mineral and cellulose material. The alkaline substance is chosen from slaked lime, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The pad material in first step is rice husk, saw dust and/or peanut shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The auxiliary raw material is agricultural organic waste including mushroom residue, crop straw or leftovers. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the acid water is 1-3% of hydrochloric acid solution or sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The nanofiltration membrane is a hollow cellulose membrane having molecular weight of 200-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation is carried out by inoculating B.subtilis (0.1%) to inorganic salt- feather powder containing culture medium and performing shaking culture at 160 revolutions/minute, 37 degrees C and pH 7-8 for 24 hours until the cell density at 0D600 reaches 0.5. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The lignin-degrading enzyme is laccase, manganese peroxidase, and/or lignin peroxidase. Preferred Method: The enzymolysis using lignin-degrading enzyme for degrading lignin (50-100 U/g) is performed at 30-60 degrees C and pH of 2-7 for 80 hours. The enzymolysis using cellulose-degrading enzyme for degrading cellulose (5-10 U/g) is performed at 40-70 degrees C and pH of 3-7 for 80 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acid: The dilute acid is dilute sulfuric acid (whose acid concentration is 0.5%), dilute hydrochloric acid or their mixture. Preferred Method: The process using dilute acid solution is performed at 10-50 degrees C for 5-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The anaerobic flora detection is carried out to the water sample for the mine water in the microorganism separating the counting and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The rot bacteria solution is inoculated in potato dextrose agar culture medium at 35 degrees C, and cultured for 3 days. Preferred Component: The anaerobic bacteria are anaerobic ferment bacteria, anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria, or methane bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-insoluble phosphate is phosphorite, slag water soluble phosphate or water-soluble phosphate substance. The transforming agent is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium ammonium, sodium ammonium or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The azophoska comprises (pts.wt.) monoammonium phosphate (5-15), urea (17-27) and potassium sulfate (8-18). The fertilizer further comprises (pts.wt.) humic acid (1-10) and borax (0.15-0.2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant meal comprises soybean meal or rapeseed meal. The soybean meal is hydrolyzed to prepare amino acid solution. The rapeseed meal is fermented to prepare a rapeseed meal fermented material. Preferred Method: The soybean meal is hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid at 110-130 degrees C. The fermentation of the rapeseed meal comprises using bacteria enzyme to enlarge the strain and ferment the rapeseed meal. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied after harvesting honeysuckle during one growth period of the honeysuckle tree at 0.4-1.2 kg/tree (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The supercritical fluid extraction process is performed at 25-38 degrees C and pressure of 14-33 MPa for 2-6 hours, where the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15-18 l/hour. The extraction process is performed using 3-6 times volume of acetone, where the obtained extract is heated for 0.5-1.5 hours for 1-2 times. The concentrated product is extracted using 2-4 times volume of n-butyl alcohol for 3-6 hours. The silica gel high-pressure column has a pressure of 2.1-3.0 MPa, where the silica gel is 200-300 meshes, and the diameter and height ratio of the column is 1:10-1:17.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid culture medium in the step (i) is prepared by using (in wt.%) carrot dreg (1-3), wheat bran (0.5-1.5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1), magnesium sulfate (0.05) and water (balance amount). Preferred Method: The culturing process is carried out at a pH of 6-8, and centrifuged at 110-180 revolutions/minute for 5-10 days at 20-25 degrees C. The mushroom solid fermentation culture medium in the step (ii) is prepared by using (in wt.%) sugar (60-90) and bran (10-40) at pH of 5-8, and adding water to the raw material after mixing to 60-80%, and the culture conditions are as follows: culturing for 13-22 days at 20-25 degrees C. The hot water extraction of step (iii) comprises adding 10-20 times of water in the needle mushroom fermentation fungi, extracting at 55-60 degrees C in water bath for 2 hours, filtering, repeatedly extracting the filter residue, extracting 1-2 times, combining the extracting solution, extracting the solution at 55-60 degrees C and 0.07-0.095 MPa and at low temperature vacuum concentration to obtain the concentrated solution with 5-10% of soluble solid, and removing the insoluble materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding naphrax and toluene solution to the slide in the ratio of 5:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The raw materials are mechanically crushed after screening and separating oil from water. The addition amount of the liquefying enzyme is 0.05-0.2 volume/volume%. The enzymolysis process is performed at 45-50 degrees C. Preferred Component: The enzyme is liquefying enzyme, saccharifying enzyme and pectinase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkali liquid is one of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (10 wt.%), potassium (KOH) (10 wt.%) and concentrated ammonia water. The acid solution is tartaric acid (5 wt.%) or hydrochloric acid (10 wt.%). The solvent for thin layer chromatography detection is chloroform: methanol: diethylamine. The solvent for re-crystallizing is methanol and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel comprises 1-20 (preferably 1-10)% activated carbon. The activated carbon is prepared using pulverized fuel ash by flotation. The activated carbon is prepared by carbonizing the high charcoal ash obtained by performing the flotation for the pulverized fuel ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The livestock manure is chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, dairy manure, horse manure, sheep manure, pig manure, deer manure, and/or rabbit manure. The livestock manure is dry manure or manure treated by methane. The biomass powder is bamboo chips and/or wood dust. The fuel further comprises a binder, preferably modified starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The regenerative coal comprises (pts.wt.) straw fuel (70), dry sludge organic cellulose (18.6), and dry sludge ash (9.5-11.4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing the waste, mixing the crushed waste and pressing uniformly, continuously penetrating fluid from the bottom part during each day of filling and each time covering with geotextile covers after filling, and filling the next time by uncovering the geotextile and again covering with geotextile covers after filling, ensuring the microbial degradation by controlling at 45-60 degrees C and generating landfill gas, recharging the filtered liquid and subjecting the filtered liquid to pre-treatment process, biological treatment process and membrane depth treatment process, where in recharging step, if the filtered liquid reflects the nutrient imbalance the lacking nutritive materials are added to restore the nutrient imbalance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The designing for recharging the filtered liquid includes arrangement of a return tank at the highest place of landfill field and a pump room in the vicinity to the concentrated solution of the reflux tank via a lifting pump, the peripheral landfill field is set with a perforated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe with inner diameter of 160 mm and a three-way connecting pipe in a fixed position, and every 20 m of the landfill field is provided with a blind ditch and gravel with thickness of 30 cm in the perforated HDPE pipe, when the filling depth reaches 10 m and paving a layer of the blind ditch, and each root of the HDPE pipe is provided with a return port with multiple water holes, each of the return port is provided with sealing cover for controlling the return water and the slope of each water holes from the return port are not less than 2%, the concentrated solution of the reflux tank flows into the HDPE pipe by the return nozzle, and then recharging through small water outlet holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of chloroform-methanol-butanol-ammonia water is (25-30):(35-45):(4-8):(15-23). The upper phase of the solvent system comprises a stationary phase and a lower phase comprises a mobile phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous adsorption resin comprises D101, AB-8 (RTM: Macro-porous resin), HPD-100 (RTM: Macroporous adsorbing resin) or Diaion HP-40 (RTM: Macroporous adsorption resin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chiral sulfinyl ester imide is of formula (I) or (II). The halide metal reagent is of formula R1-ZnX.MgX'2.X" or (R1)2-Zn.MgX2.X". Mole ratio of chiral sulfinyl ester imide compound to halide metal reagent is 1:0.5-1:3. The halide metal reagent has concentration of 0.1-0.2 mmol/ml. The organic solvent is benzene, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or ether. Volume ratio of petroleum ether to ethyl acetate is 2:1-1:1.R2=Me, Et, isopropyl, tert-butyl or benzyl;R3=Ph, substituted Ph, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, heteroaryl, 1-20C unsaturated fatty group, or 2-20C alkenyl;R1=R3; andX, X', X"=Cl (from disclosure). Preferred Definitions:    In R1 and R3, the optionally substituted phenyl or benzyl is of formula (III).    n = 0 or 1; and    R4-R8 = H, halogen, CN, nitro, 1-6C (halo)alkyl, 1-6C (halo)alkoxy, 2-6C alkenyl, 2-6C alkynyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 1-6C alkylcarbonyloxy, 1-6C alkoxycarbonyloxy, 1-4C alkylthio, 1-4C alkylsulfonyl, 1-4C alkylsulfonyl, 1-6C alkoxy(1-6C alkyl), amino, 1-6C alkylamino or di(1-6C alkyl)amino.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction method is performed by heating and reflowing the solution and performing ultrasonic extraction method at 60-110 degrees C. The high-efficiency liquid phase is prepared by producing a reverse phase bonding silica gel and acetonitrile (0.3%) and trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase with a weight ratio of (30-38:62-70). Preferred Components: The water soluble organic solvent is methanol, ethanol and propyl alcohol. The filtering film has a dimension of 0.2-0.45 mu m. An UV detector is used for monitoring and collecting the target component. ACTIVITY - Antidiarrheic; Antibacterial; Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction is performed at 60-65 degrees C for 1-2 hours. The lower alcohol is methanol. The bromide compound is sodium bromide. The organic solvent used in extracting process is dichloromethane or dichloroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The moisture of the coal dust is 5-8%, and the fineness is not less than 60 meshes. The granularity of the potassium permanganate and zeolite powder is more than 100 meshes. In the pressing and shaping step, the pressure strength is not less than 200 kg/cm3. The coal dust, and the deodorization adsorbent and the adhesive reinforcement mixture are mixed uniformly and added with the cow fresh excrement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The magnetic hydrotalcite solid base is prepared by adding specific amount of magnetic sol to a reactor, adding distilled water, stirring at room temperature, preparing a solution of magnesium nitrate and aluminium nitrate with magnesium and aluminum ratio of 1:2, preparing sodium hydroxide solution whose pH is 10-13, adding the two solutions to the reactor, stirring at 110 degrees C, washing and drying to obtain the magnetic hydrotalcite, and calcining the formed magnetic hydrotalcite at 450-500 degrees C. The magnetic sol is prepared by chemical precipitation method, comprising mixing ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride and ferric sulfate or ferric chloride in a ratio of 1:1 in excess base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The rice plant is germinated at 20-40 degrees C until it becomes 0.2 through 2 cm. Preferred Components: The microorganism used in the fermentation step comprises yeast, lactobacillus, Actinomyces, koji mold, photosynthetic bacterium, common reed antibiotic, Bacillus natto. The oil cake of rice bran or bone meal is added, and the bone meal is mixed with rice plant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the preparation of FAAE from triglyceride oils using solid base catalysts, the triglyceride oil used in step (i) is selected from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, palmolein (Elaeis guineensis) oil, gingelly (sesame/til; Sesamum indicum) oil, ricebran (Oryza sativa) oil, cottonseed (Gossypium arboretum) oil, corn (Zea mays) oil, soyabean (Glycine max) oil, castor (Ricinus communis) oil, neem (Azadirachta indica) oil, atrophy (Jatropha curcus) oil, karingatta (Quassia indica) oil, marotti (Hydrocarpus wightiana) oil, pungai (Pongamia pinnata) oil or pinnai (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil. The acid value of triglyceride oil used in step (i) ranges from 0.5 to 31 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g. The triglyceride oil used is sunflower oil. The sunflower oil is cooked or doubly cooked sunflower oil having acid value 1.4 and 2.16 mg KOH/g respectively. The catalyst used in step (ii) is layered double hydroxide with general formula (M(II)1-xM(III)x(OH)2) raised to x+(Ax/m raised to m-) raised to x-.nH2O.M(II)=divalent metal ions selected from Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Li+;M(III)=trivalent metal ions selected from Al3+,Fe3+ and Cr3+; andA=the interlayer anions selected from CO32+, Cl- and NO3-.The catalyst used is heated at temperature in the range of 100-900 degrees C for a period of 1-12 hours. The alcohol used in step (i) is selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol or n-butanol. The catalyst is capable of being reused for 2 to 4 cycles. The yield of the fatty acid alkyl-esters is in the range of 3-99%, and where the purity of the fatty acid alkyl-esters is greater than 95%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the slurry: the pretreated biomass slurry is formed from a biomass slurry by heating the biomass slurry under a non-oxidative gas such that the heating allows use of at least 35% treated biomass in the coal-biomass slurry while maintaining the viscosity; and the biomass slurry is formed from wood or plant material and water. The high energy density slurry has a water:carbon ratio of 2:1 or 3:1. EXAMPLE - Non-pumpable agricultural waste (60 wt.%) and deionized water were weighed and well mixed in a large beaker before adding it in the vessel. The vessel was then weighed with contents, vacuumed and purged three times with argon, and finally pressurized to 100 plus minus 1 psi. The temperature was ramped to 210-230 degrees C in 30 minutes and held for 30 minutes. After holding for 30 minutes, heat application was stopped. The vessel was cooled to obtain the high energy density slurry (60 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source material is chosen from biomass containing rice straw, straw, timber, bamboo material and seaweed, waste material containing organic refuse, agricultural waste material and livestock forming waste material, activated-sludge waste material and solid fuel containing coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Transition metal complex is represented by formula (1) or (5). Ligand forming compound is represented by formula (2), (3), (4), or (6). Transition metal is bivalent transition metal. Ligand contains 2 oxygen atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms. Four coordinate bonds are formed between ligand and transition metal through each of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Preferred Processes: Ammoniation of sintered body is carried out.m, n=0-4;M=transition metal atom;R1=H, 1-6C alkyl group, or aryl group;R1+R1=divalent organic group;R2, R3=OH,1-6C alkyl group, 1-6 alkoxy group, or aryl group; andR2+R2, R3+R3=condensed ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The separation agent is sand, having a grain size of 0.05-4 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: separating the solids from the water-insoluble extraction agent, into which the oil has been extracted, with at least one filtration; and separating the oil from the water-insoluble extraction agent.The pH of the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution is adjusted to 2-6. The oil- and solids-containing fraction is separated from the acidic aqueous solution with at least one filtration. Preferred Components: The solids are organic solids. The aqueous solution contains palm oil mill effluent. The water-insoluble extraction agent is: a substance suitable for fuel application, e.g. biodiesel or renewable transportation fuel; and liquid during extraction, where oil is separated from the water-insoluble extraction agent by evaporating the water-insoluble extraction agent. EXAMPLE - Precipitate sample (21 g) (containing palm oil mill effluent (POME) with 18% of dry matter) was supplemented with 20 ml of a 2:1 dichloromethane-methanol solution. The mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 240 rpm shaking, after which the solids were separated from the mixture by filtering the mixture with suction filtration (water pump) through a sand filter. Filtration was effected by using a nylon mesh (pore size of 400 mu m) between the POME-solvent mixture and the sand bed in order to prevent the POME mass from blending in with the sand. In order to separate the solvent phase from POME mass, pure hexane in excess amount was driven through the filtrate cake until the permeated hexane was light yellow. The solvent phase was recovered from extraction solution and the solvent was evaporated away to obtain the oil (with yield of 303 mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The hydrodesulfurization device (4) is provided with heat-insulation component, and the hydrodesulfurization device (3) is provided in the exterior of the heat-insulation component. The hydrodesulfurization device comprises hydrogen-sulfide generation agent which has H-( beta )phase zeolite. The hydrogen generator contains hydrogen-sulfide removal agent containing iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium chloride in organic waste liquid is 2% or less, during dilution process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves subjecting the collected supernatant to biological treatment process, using the biologically treated water as dilution water, and diluting the liquid for 5-20 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The hydrocarbon type gas is methane gas, and gas containing silicon atom is tetramethylsilane gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of mixed gas and combustible-gas in the mixed gas is 40-95 volume% and 5-60 volume%, respectively. The combustible gas component comprises hydrogen gas, propane gas, natural gas and/or town gas, and gasoline, light oil and/or fuel oil. At least one portion of combustible gas component exists in the liquefaction state. The mixed gas is obtained by mixing the oxygen and hydrogen-containing gas and combustible-gas component in a combustion apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Methane bacterium is of natural origin e.g. Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Delta H strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Forms: Surface of Ni-W-S alloy film has fine groove. X-ray diffraction pattern of Ni-W-S alloy film has shape of amorphous or microcrystal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gasification catalyst comprises at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iron, cobalt, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, alkali earth metals or their oxides, dolomite and/or sand. The gasification catalyst has a particle size distribution of 10-150 (preferably 50-100) mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the first temperature is 50-6500 (preferably 80-3000) degrees C, the first period of time is 1 second-2 hours, preferably 1-10 minutes, and the second temperature is 400-1000 degrees C. The method further comprises: subjecting the gaseous mixture to a water-gas shift, as to produce additional hydrogen gas; and isolating the hydrogen gas and the additional hydrogen gas from the gaseous mixture. Preferred Components: The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a liquid biomass or a liquefied biomass. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel/liquid biomass is a pyrolysis oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyethylene terephthalate is homo-polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Properties: The surface of laminate has heat-sealing property. The intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate is 0.72-0.88 dL/g. Preferred Process: When the extrusion lamination of polyethylene terephthalate is carried out using a melt-extrusion die (1), the gap from the opening portion of die to the substrate is 25 cm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is paper or nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial source is algae, bacteria, moulds and/or filamentous fungi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron content of the bio oil is less than 0.5 wppm calculated as elemental iron. The iron content of the bio oil is less than 0.25 wppm calculated as elemental iron. The iron content of the bio oil is less than 0.25 wppm calculated as elemental iron. The catalyst comprises palladium, platinum, nickel, nickel molybdenum or cobalt-molybdenum, and a support of alumina and/or silica. The catalyst comprises a nickel molybdenum/aluminum oxide catalyst, and/or a cobalt-molybdenum/aluminum oxide catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrocarbons formed in the hydrotreatment process are further processed in a hydroisomerization process to iso-paraffins. The hydrotreatment process is a hydrodeoxygenation process using a trickle-bed reactor. In the process, plugging of the catalyst used in the hydrodeoxygenation process is reduced or avoided. The process comprises reacting glyceride oil material with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons. The hydrodeoxygenation is performed under a pressure of 10-150 bar, and at a temperature of 200-400 degrees C. The iso-paraffins are converted into components for use in products of a base oil, lubrication oil, heating oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, aviation fuel, solvent and biogas. Preferred Components: The bio oil is rapeseed oil, colza oil, canola oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hempseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, camellia oil, Jatropha oil, an oil derived from a microbial source, animal fat, fish oil, lard, tallow, train oil and/or recycled fat from the food industry. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises transition metals comprising palladium, platinum, and/or nickel. The reagent includes hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the process, a monitor system/device is optionally utilized prior to the first fractionation process to detect for presence of oligomers. The hydrogenation system/device is at least one trickle bed reactor and/or fixed volume reaction vessel with mechanical stirring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biofuels further comprise diluents to initially dilute the feedstock(s)/oligomer(s). The terpene comprises monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, terpenes that are linear or having more than one ring, terpenes having at least one site that is unsaturated, terpenes having at least one double bond that can be hydrogenated, or 5-30C terpenes, preferably acyclic including farnesene and/or cyclic including limonene. The alpha -olefin oligomer(s) has 6-28C, and comprises bio-2-ethyl-1-hexene. Preferred Process: The active recycle protocol is performed by diluting the feedstock with the recycled and isomerized olefins. The first fraction process: comprises at least one evaporator comprising at least one wiped film evaporator, thin film evaporator, or other flash type distillation operation; includes at least one column; is recycled into the protonation process to convert into a more concentration of dimers; and is performed to reduce pressure to a level so that the boiling temperature of isomerized yet non-dimerized feedstock matches the target temperature of the protonation/dimerization process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process requires only water to operate, and all other utilities (comprising steam, power, or hot air) are produced internally in an amount to make the process self-sustaining. The process comprises: taking any food-containing waste stream, sorting it and converting it to usable materials and energy sources with zero landfill and zero effluent; and taking waste streams from various fast food serving facilities or venues and converting the poly coated board fiber to paperboard that has been FDA approved for use to be used in beverage containers up to the 40% waste containing level. The process controls and eliminates bacteria from pickup through to processing of reclaimed food contaminated cups and the production of FDA approved cups containing 40% reclaimed fiber. The process enhances fiber reclamation with a fiber-enhancing additive such as a hemi-cellulose additive or similar additives in the waste recovery process. The process utilizes fiber enhancing additives derived from corn, oats, wheat, soybeans, or other hemi-cellulose containing feedstocks. The process improves both brown and white fiber freeness with the fiber-enhancing additive. The process produces low sulfur fuels from food-contaminated waste streams. The process utilizes Recovery Aqua Resources fine bubble technology to decrease biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids in the water system, permitting recycling 100% of the water in a closed loop system. The process produces bio char with minimal air emissions as one of the byproducts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises applying an oil coating to at least a portion of the composite biomass shapeform after heat treating. The heat treating is performed: in an inert environment, and in a microwave apparatus. The composite biomass shapeform is heat treated by the microwave apparatus in a continuous process. The heat treating is performed at a temperature of 120-455 degrees F. The shapeform defines a cylindrical sector. The cylindrical sector is a quadrant. The heat treating is performed after the biomass fuel compact is formed into a shapeform. The heat treating is performed on the biomass materials before the biomass fuel compact is formed into a shapeform. The method further comprises: adding an adhesive to the biomass materials to form a composite biomass, where the adhesive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, and the composite biomass is further processed into a shapeform; and applying an oil coating to at least a portion of the biomass fuel compact after heat treating. The biomass fuel compact is heat treated by the microwave apparatus in a continuous process. The method comprises heat treating biomass materials of the biomass fuel compact at a base temperature sufficient to break O-H bonds, where the base temperature is below a torrefaction temperature of the biomass fuel compact such that torrefaction of the biomass materials does not occur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The voltage source is arranged for generating an alternating voltage. The control unit: changes the height of the voltage or the amplitude of the voltage between the electrode and the wall along a time course; modifies the time course of the height of the voltage or the amplitude of the voltage at regular time intervals; or continuously changes the frequency of the voltage between the electrode and the wall. The time course partially or completely follows a sinusoidal shape, rectangular shape or a sawtooth shape. The electrode and/or the wall are coated sectionally with a dielectric substance. The height or the amplitude of the voltage is 75-150 kV, preferably 90 kV. The wall of the chamber exhibits a connection for earthing means. The chamber exhibits an outlet, where the inlet and the outlet are respectively fluidly connectable with a pipeline for promoting the cell aggregates containing fluid or with the device for electrical disintegration of cell assemblies. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) is carried out by absorption or scrubbing and the carbon dioxide stream is purified using refluxed or pure liquid carbon dioxide as the absorbent and scrubber liquid, respectively. The temperatures in the steps (a)-(c) is above -15 degrees C, where carbon dioxide is fluid, including gaseous or liquid. The second pressure obtained in step (c) is 5-8 bar, preferably 6, 7 or 8 bar. Preferred Components: The feed gas at least comprises ethylene. The feed gas is a carbon dioxide gas originating from an organic synthesis process or a gas sweetening process, preferably originating from ethylene oxide production. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Method: The rice is optionally produced with a mucilage, where the rice with mucilage has an amylase of less than 2% and the rice without a mucilage has an amylase of more than 5%. The rice is produced in a quantity of at least 20 tonnes per day in a time period of 30 minutes with a moisture content of 20%, a pH of 6.29 and an acidity of 1.6 and at a temperature of 33.3 degrees C. The rice withstands a pressure of 10 bar. Preferred Components: The stock materials comprises starch, grains, vitamins, iron, organic and inorganic materials, paper and/or wood particles, where the starch is obtained from wheat, corn, barely or potato and the grains are obtained from wheat, barley, chickpea or potato. The additives include extracts of beef, chicken, wheat, stem and rice stem. The stock material is varied in an amount depending on consumer requirement. The rice comprises nanoparticles, which are adhered to each other by a chemical bond. The rice is produced with a long grain size of more than 7 mm, a medium grain size of 6-7 mm, a short grain size of 5-6 mm and a smaller grain size of 5 mm, and with very heavy rice grains of 28 gm for 1000 grains, heavy rice grains of 22-28 gm for 1000 grains and little heavy rice grains of 22 gm for 1000 grains. The mixer is a two wall mixer or a spiral mixer. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Antianemic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of nickel and metal element is 1-50 parts weight and 1-20 parts weight, respectively with respect to 100 parts weight of catalyst. The alumina precursor is aluminum nitrate hydrate, aluminum fluoride trihydrate, aluminum phosphate hydrate and/or aluminum chloride hexahydrate. The conversion ratio of carbon monoxide in the hydrogenation process is 80-100%. The nickel-metal-alumina sol is metal acetate hydrate or metal chloride hydrate. The volume ratio of nitrogen and carbon monoxide is 1:1-1:4. Preferred Properties: The catalyst has average pore diameter of 2-4 nm and specific surface area of 100-350 m2/g. The speed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen is 100-30000 ml/h.g. Preferred Process: The alcohol solvent is heated to dissolve the aluminum precursor phase at 50-60 degrees C, and alumina sol is formed, to obtain solution. The aluminum precursor is dissolved to the alcohol solution, and a small amount of dilute acid is mixed with water, to obtain partial hydration transparent sol phase containing nickel-metal-alumina catalyst. The hydrogenation is performed at 200-400 degrees C under pressure of 0.001-50 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The copper oxide/aluminum oxide catalyst is reduced before using in the manufacture of hydrogen gas. Preferred Property: The ratio of time which stops the supply of oxygen-containing gas and time which starts supply of oxygen-containing gas is 30% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The silicon-containing solution is mixed with incinerated ash and alkaline reaction liquid, and silicon-containing phosphorus extract is obtained. The silicon-containing solution contains silicon recovery solution obtained by adding sodium hydroxide solution with respect to quartz sand. The aluminum-containing phosphorus extract and silicon-containing solution are mixed such that the molar ratio of silicon is 1.2-2 mol with respect to 1 mol of aluminum. While adding calcium compound with respect to phosphorus extract obtained by extracting phosphorus from incinerated ash using alkaline reaction liquid, and calcium phosphate is deposited. Phosphorus is extracted (S8) from ash and recovery reaction liquid remaining after recovering calcium phosphate is recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant endophytic fungus is yellow-blue fungi strain ATCC 36960, Acremonium mildew ATCC 11550 or disc long spore Colletotrichum ATCC 58696. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microbial strain is chosen from Citrobacter, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Ilyobacter and Lactobacillus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing 95-99 wt.% of the ester CH2=C(CH3)-COOR with 1-5 wt.% of the alkylbenzene. Preferred Components: The propanediol produced using glycerol is 1,3-propanediol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The bacterial growth medium comprises peptone, beef extract and sodium chloride in a ratio of 2:1:1. The method for expanding culture involves (a) inoculating acclimated microbial aggregates on slant culture and culturing at 28 degrees C, (b) inoculating the slant culture in medium, shaking and culturing for 24-48 hours at 25 degrees C, and obtaining stock culture, and (c) inoculating the stock culture into 5 L of incubator at 20-25 degrees C, neutral pH, aerating the bacterial culture for 40 hours, inoculating 5 L of bacterial culture into 20 L of incubator and culturing for 40 hours. Preferred Medium: The culture medium comprises corn powder, glucose, soybean meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and manganese sulfate monohydrate in a weight ratio of 10:5:15:5:5:1:0.3:0.2:0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The stirring time is 20-30 minutes at a rotating speed of 15 turns/minute. The primary fermentation step is carried out by using static forcible blast yeast at 8-9 days and the second fermentation is carried out by using dynamic forced blast ferment at a time of 15-16 days. The compost product and the conditioner have a diameter of more than 30 mm. The step of drying compost product comprises using rotation type fertilizer dryer, where the water content of organic fertilizer is 20-30%. The process comprises: adding the fertilizer with nitrogen fixation function of brown spherical solid nitrogen in organic fertilizer, comprising Bacillus megaterium function according to the function of potassium silicate bacteria, microbial inoculum of 3-6:1-3:1-3, then stirring biological bacterial fertilizer having effective viable count of more than 0.2 billion colony forming unit/g using mixer; and pelleting the fertilizer using granulator, biological bacterium fertilizer product having a particle size of 3-6 mm. Preferred Components: The conditioner is chaff (10-15 wt.%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry cow dung powder comprises the organic matter in an amount of greater than or equal to 55% with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in an amount of greater than or equal to 4%, water content of less than or equal to 15%, preferably less than or equal to 12%, a degree of fineness of less than 80 meshes, and granularity of 0.2-0.3 cm. The organic matter comprises biochemical fulvic acid and/or potassium humate. Preferred Method: The dehydration rate of the dung dehydrator is above 50%. The drying temperature in the oven is maintained at 6-70 degrees C and the drying time is maintained at 10 hours or above. The water content in the dry cow dung powder after dehydrating, drying and crushing is less than or equal to 10%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method specifically further comprises (i) providing copper sulfate, algaecide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, dry sand and water according to the above mentioned weight ratio, (ii) crushing the copper sulfate, (iii) mixing dry sand and water according to the ratio, stirring uniformly to obtain damp sand, and then mixing damp sand with copper sulfate, algaecide, and trichloroisocyanuric acid, and (iv) spraying uniformly the prepared liquid fertilizer with damp sand, and scattering into the paddy fields with water. The optimal time for implementing spraying process is during sunny day from 5-7 pm, when the temperature is low and there is no dew on rice leaves. When the moss-algae thickness is high in paddy field, then spraying the liquid fertilizer once again after an interval of 1 week. Preferred Components: The liquid fertilizer comprises copper sulfate (150 g), 35% algaecide (100 g), 50% trichloroisocyanuric acid (50 g), dry sand (5 kg) and water (1.25 kg). ACTIVITY - Antialgal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ion exchange technique comprises either: performing ion exchange reaction of HY-type molecular sieve (5 g) with 20% manganese nitrate solution (160 ml) in a stirred reaction tank at 95 degrees C, performing solid-liquid separation of the reaction solution to obtain a solid, washing the solid and repeating the ion exchange reaction twice, performing solid-liquid separation and washing the solid, and then drying to remove excess moisture; performing ion exchange reaction of HY-type molecular sieve (5 g) with 30% magnesium nitrate solution (160 ml) under stirring conditions at 98 degrees C for 4 hours, performing solid-liquid separation of the reaction solution to obtain a solid, washing the solid and repeating the ion exchange reaction once, performing solid-liquid separation and washing the solid, and then drying to remove excess moisture; or performing ion exchange reaction of HY-type molecular sieve (10 g) with 40% zinc nitrate solution (300 ml) in the stirred reaction tank at 90 degrees C, performing solid-liquid separation of the reaction solution to obtain a solid, washing the solid and repeating the ion exchange reaction thrice, performing solid-liquid separation and washing the solid, and then drying to remove excess moisture. Preferred Components: The metal cation includes atleast one of zinc ion, magnesium ion and manganese ion, which are capable of precipitating or complexing with fatty acids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fruit peel is a mixture of lemon peel, pineapple peel and oranges and tangerines peel having a weight ratio of 1:1:1. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The seaweed is at least one of seaweed, kelp, soak eelgrass, sea globosa, enteromorpha. The zymophyte is yeasts and bacteria. The zymophyte is actinomycetes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid solution is hydrochloride solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bubbling fluidized bed biomass fast pyrolysis device is the one that is independently developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Agriculture and College of Biological Sciences and Center for Biomass Engineering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: (a) preparing biomass raw materials by screening pine wood sawdust using sieves of different mesh numbers, and drying screened sawdust at 105 degrees C for 24 hours; (b) preparing bio-oil by pyrolyzing the dried sawdust as a raw materials of bio-oil in a bubbling fluidized bed biomass fast pyrolysis device at 500 degrees C, in presence of nitrogen as fluidizing gas under a fluidizing speed of 60 l/minute; (c) calculating required acetone mass as 3-15% of the mass percentage concentration of the bio-oil; and (d) weighing a specific amount of the bio-oil, adding the calculated required amount of acetone, uniformly mixing to prepare acetone processed bio-oil, and storing the bio-oil in a sealed container. The pine wood sawdust is screened to obtain a particle size of 30-80 meshes. The bio-oil is stored at a constant temperature of 40 degrees C. In the method, the optimum mass percentage of the added acetone is 15%. Preferred Components: The acetone is of analytical grade acetone with purity as greater than or equal to 99.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device comprises discharge unit and electronic valves. The discharge unit has each of the chambers with lower composed of conical hoppers, and electronic valves are individually prepared in each hopper so that corresponding chamber is independently opened and closed and precipitate is pushed and discharged by waste water weight itself.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material ammonia is industrial grade liquid ammonia with purity 99.6%, water content 0.2-0.3% and oil 10 mg/kg. Preferred Method: During the production process, the waste obtained during each step enters into a waste liquid recycling tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the back washing is carried out for 5-7 days, and back washing method comprises: aerating via roots blower for 10 minutes with an intensity of 50-65 m3/(m2/h); and starting the back wash pump and back washing for 10 minutes with a flow rate of 15-20 m3/(m2/h), and switching off the roots blower and back washing for 10 minutes. In the step (i), the liquid residence time in the down-flow aeration biological filter pool is 2-4 hours and maintaining the temperature of 15-30 degrees C, pH of 6.8-8 and filtration rate of 0.65-0.9 m3/(m2/h). The gas-water ratio in the down-flow aeration biological filter pool is 0.5-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The granule sizes of the artificial wetland spherical ceramsite matrix are 8-10 mm and 15-18 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer is dairy manure, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, human manure, monosodium glutamate dreg, or agricultural product processing waste. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The biomass comprises straw, wooden meal, rice husk or pine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer obtained according to step (iii), after crushing is directly used as base fertilizer. The organic fertilizer obtained according to step (iii), after crushing, adding chemical fertilizer comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is used as additional fertilizer or base fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The water absorption material comprises (in wt.%) biomass (20-60, preferably 20 or 50), excrement (10-40, preferably 40 or 10), turf or brown coal or fly ash (30-40, preferably 40). The effective microorganism (EM), fermentative bacteria (B.Y.M-FOOD), beneficial microorganism (BM), and/or RW ferment agent is used in the fermentation of organic matter. The biomass is normal biomass, preferably rice bran, bean bran, wheat bran, tobacco powder, oil cake powder, sawdust, straw powder, or dead leaves. The excrement is human and animal excreta, preferably cow, horse, pig, sheep, chicken, bird, silkworm, rabbit, or dog.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer comprises (in parts by wt.) sludge (45-52), chicken manure (20-27), cow dung (18-25), bean pulp (1.5-2.2), pepper pulp cake (1.2-2) and cotton seed cake (1.2-2.2). In the step (iv), the weight part ratio of microbial bacteria agent to the crushed mixture is 0.1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial functional bacterium is Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The dwarfing agent is aqueous solution of paclobutrazol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The high temperature decomposing agent is composed of actinomycetes bacteria, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus. The bacterial count of effective active bacteria is 0.05-0.1 billion Unit/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite fertilizer is 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) composite fertilizer. The synergist is aqueous solution containing silicon, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mushroom leftover is stacked using rice and wheat grass as mushroom culture base raw material, where the waste left after growing spawn and producing mushroom is treated by sunshine-drying, and mechanically breaking to obtain the wheat grass and soil mixture at volume ratio of wheat grass and soil of 5-10:1. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The Bacillus laterosporus powder has an effective viable count of 8-12 billion/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and/or potash fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracting agent is ethanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether and/or acetone. Vol. ratio of fatty acid methyl ester or fatty acid ethyl ester to extracting agent is 1:5. The method comprises cooling and crystallizing temperature after mixing fatty acid methyl ester or fatty acid ethyl ester and extracting agent at - 25-(- 40) degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The drilling fluid comprises (in g): organic lignite coal (3-10), and asphalt (4-8)/100 ml of biodiesel. The drilling fluid further comprises 1-5, preferably 2-3 g (per 100 ml of biodiesel) of emulsifying agent and wetting agent. The biodiesel comprises high-grade fatty acid methyl ester as main component. Preferred Components: The organic soil is montmorillonite modified by quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent. The organic lignite coal is modified by long chain alkylamine. The asphalt is asphalt powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The materials of the whole presorting process is conveyed spirally in a sealing manner. The crushing and sorting device is used for crushing the large materials in the solid part of the kitchen wastes. The crushing and sorting device comprises an air separation device, and the materials in different proportions in the wastes may be screened out by regulating the wind power. The impurities in the slurry are removed by a heavy substance separation device and a light substance separation device in the step (ii). In the step (iii) for anaerobic fermentation, the materials are stirred by the rising action of the generated biogas on the one hand, and on the other hand, the anaerobic fermentation tank has a mechanical stirring device for stirring the materials intermittently. The temperature for moderate temperature fermentation is 35-38 degrees C. The temperature change in the fermentation procedure does not exceed 3 degrees C, pH is 7-8, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1. The biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation is purified and then is used as a clean energy. The oil-liquid separation for twice and oil removal treatments are performed in the step (v). The primary treatment is conveying spiral dehydration and oil removal, and the secondary treatment is dehydration and oil removal treatment by a solid-liquid separator. The wastewater in the kitchen wastes is used in a homogenizing system for pulping. The wastewater takes part in the anaerobic fermentation. The fermented biogas slurry is discharged after reaching the standard through sewage treatment or is prepared into nutrient solution for watering crops and gardens to implement resource utilization. The whole treatment procedure is closed, and the collected odors are aggregated and are treated by a deodorizing system, and are discharged after reaching the standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The solvent is 95% ethanol solution. The supercritical extraction is maintained at 40-60, preferably 30-45 degrees C at a pressure of 40, preferably 4-8 MPa for 50-100 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves extracting leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide at 50-60 degrees C and 30-38 MPa, where the separation kettle is at 30-45 degrees C and 4-8 MPa, carbon dioxide flow is 2-5 ml/g raw material/minute and the amount of entrainer is 3-6% of the total volume of extraction solvent. The acidic water is 3-5% hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid water solution. The cation exchange resin is chosen from D151, HZD-2 and HD-8. The alkaline alcohol solution is ethanol solution (75-90%) with pH of 9-11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vinegar residue and the cassava residue are composted with a composting agent powder for 150-180 days. The composting agent comprises actinomycetes, saccharomycetes, Lactobacillus and Bacillus, where 15-20 kg of composting agent is added per 100 m3 of raw materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process comprises adding pad material (5%) with strain, uniformly stirring, then adding water (40%) in the mixture (90%) and mixing uniformly. Preferred Components: The pad material is rice husk, saw dust and/or peanut shell. The greening trees is wax, Platanus orientalis or japonica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent comprises normal hexane or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lotus-shaped plate, dividing chamber and discharging plane set in the tower are all round-shaped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The spongy material is made of polyurethane sponge, foamed cement, argil or fire rock, where the polyurethane sponge can be added with strengthening aggregate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The waste yeast is obtained from brewing beer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The partial internal transcribed spacer sequence of the wild Scenedesmus microalgae 0301A comprises SEQ ID No. 1 (comprising a fully defined 723 base pair sequence given in the specification). The mutant strain is preserved at China general microbiological culture collection center, and the preserved number is CGMCC No. 4322.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactor is a continuous flow reactor. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) density of the mixing solution is 5000-7000 mg/l. The density ratio of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in the mixing solution is 1000:5:1. The basic conditioning agent is sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. The oxidation-reduction potential agent is mixture of cysteine and ascorbic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The super-critical extracting is performed using super-critical carbon dioxide as an extraction solvent, extracting at 20-60 degrees C at a pressure of 10-40 MPa for 2-6 hours, where the analyzing temperature is 20-60 degrees C, and analyzing pressure is 5-15 MPa. Preferred Components: The low polarity organic solvent for extracting is petroleum ether, hexane and cyclohexane. Silica gel or alumina is loaded in the chromatography column. The mixed solvent for elution comprises a mixture of petroleum ether, normal hexane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The column body is a cuboid or a cube. At least 2 rings of binding belts (3) are arranged at the vertical direction of the straw or branches.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outlet of the urea solution tank is provided with a pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic material (5-10 times (I) quantity) is hydrochloric acid, aluminum trichloride and/or boron trifluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is water, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol and/or methanol. Preferred Method: The catalytic hydrogenation is done at - 78 to 80 (preferably 0) degrees C. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - A 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy phenylethylamine hydrochloride (Ia) is specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the cane sugar residue is 5000 mg/l. The adding amount of: sucrose residual liquid is 20-25 ml in each 100 g mud; agricultural compound fertilizer is 2 g in each 100 g mud; and cysteine is 1.5-2.5 g in each 100 g mud. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the mixed solution is 5000-6000 mg/l. The concentration ratio of COD and nitrogen and phosphorus in the mixed solution is 1000:5:1. Preferred Process: The strength of ionizing radiation is 40-60 minutes/day.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Plant protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Molar ratio of glyoxylic acid to organic amine to isobutyraldehyde in the aldol condensation process is 1:1-1.2:0.8-1.2. The organic amine is trimethylamine or triethylamine. Preferred Method: After the reaction, the unreacted light component and the excess moisture are removed by distillation method, and the condensation product is directly used for a sequent hydrogenation process. The hydrogenation reaction and dehydration cyclization reaction are synchronously achieved on the CuO/SiO2 catalyst. A continuous fixed bed reactor is used for hydrogenation reaction and dehydration cyclization reaction at 80-140 degrees C and hydrogen pressure of 2-8 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polar solvent is ethanol water solution. The auxiliary material is diatomite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alkaline aqueous solution is sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The extraction and preparation comprise taking Camptotheca leaf or fruit as raw material, crushing, performing ultrasonic auxiliary extraction with alkali water solution, acidifying the extraction solution, absorbing and desorbing with macro-pore adsorption resin, condensing the desorption solution to obtain crude product, and re-crystallizing. Preferred Materials: The large-pore absorbing resin desorption solvent uses ethanol/water, acetone/water, and tetrahydrofuran/water solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out at a temperature of 50 degrees C and at a pH of 6. Preferred Components: The naringinase is composed of beta-rhamnosidase and beta-glucosidase, where the naringinase has standard activity of 475 AGUPg. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor.
ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
ACTIVITY - Virucide; Antipyretic; Antimalarial; Hepatotropic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises adding sodium butyrate (0.03-0.05%) into a duck feed, mixing uniformly to improve the absorptivity of nitrogen and phosphorus and reducing the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus. The dry duck manure is transferred into a compost pool during composting, and adding a conditioning agent to reduce carbon and nitrogen loss in the composting process. The duck manure is collected on a mesh cloth on land. The duck manure waste water is collected in a ditch. The ecological ecological interception area is formed by an intercepting fence, a set of aquatic plats including water lily and Potamogeton crispus, and animals including grass carp, crucian carp and carp. The bred earthworm is used as a duck food and the vermicompost is used as a fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises pumping landfill leachate into a nanofiltering system, and performing membrane separation to obtain nanofiltration condensed solution and transmission solution; pumping the nanofiltration condensed solution to ultrafiltration system, and performing membrane separation to obtain ultrafiltration condensed solution as humic acid and transmission solution; and adding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements into the humic acid to obtain soluble fertilizer. The transmission solution is oxidized by Fenton oxidation, then condensed and deposited to directly drain or refluxed to adjusting pool of percolation membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration membrane system. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The Streptomyces microflavus culture is made by using potato (20-30%), glucose (2-4%), and agar (2-4%); cleaning the peeled potato slice, adding water, and boiling into paste by gauze; adding agar and glucose; stirring to obtain the culture solution; adjusting pH value to 7-7.5; sterilizing; inoculating at 24-32 degrees C for 10-15 days; shaking flask liquid strain cultivation, sucrose, corn powder, bean powder, cottonseed meal, calcium carbonate concentration of 1-3%; mixing to dissolve in water; adjusting the pH value to 8-8.5 at 28-32 degrees C; putting on 120-225 revolutions per minute shaking table; shaking culture at 30 degrees C; and checking if no peculiar smell and bacteria smear.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali alcohol is 90-99% methanol and ammonia adjusting pH to 8-10. The supercritical CO2 extraction involves extraction is at 40-55 degrees C under 30-40 MPa, CO2 flow of 2-5 ml/g of raw material/minute, extraction time for 2-4 hours, separation kettle I at 40-45 degrees C under 7-9 MPa, and temperature of separation kettle II at 30-40 degrees C under 4-6 MPa. The volume ratio of ammonia solution of n-hexanechloroform-methanol with pH of 8.5 is 3-5:7-9:4-5:2-4. The solvent system is mobile phase and lower phase comprising stationary phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method comprises using methyl alcohol as solvent, soaking, performing microwave extraction for 20 seconds at 280 W to obtain extraction liquid, with weight volume ratio of Astragalus strictus to methyl alcohol of 1-10 g/ml. The ultrasonic degreasing time is 0.5-2.5 hours, at 30-45 degrees C, under 30-45 KHz. The soaking time is 1.5-3 hours. Preferred Component: The weight volume ratio of Astragalus strictus to petroleum ether is 1:10-1:20 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of naturally freezing is performed under the temperature condition where winter condition of the area can descends to - 20 degrees C or below. Preferred Component: The biomass comprises straw, wood or weeds.
ACTIVITY - Antilipemic; Cardiant; Vasotropic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw material green leaf tea used is Yunnan. The water bath temperature is 45-50 degrees C, and stirring for 5-30 minutes. After weighing the green tea raw material, extracting three times with ethyl acetate, at each time for 1 hour, first, second and third times of ethyl acetate are respectively 7 BV, 6 BV, 4 BV, combining the extracting solution, decompressing and recycling ethyl acetate, concentrating to 6-7 Be magnesium by centrifugal spray tower drying by spraying at supersonic speed, controlling air inlet temperature at 160-180 degrees C, and exhaust temperature at 70-80 degrees C, the first level cyclone separator every 30 minutes spray dry powder to produce big-leaf total catechin product. The recycling ethanol temperature is controlled at 45 degrees C and at vacuum of - 0.08 MPa, and reverse osmosis membrane concentration operation temperature is controlled at 40 degrees C and at pressure below 15 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: n-Amyl formate ester and dichloromethane are added to a reactor, and a solution of thionyl chloride and dichloromethane is dripped. The mixture is stirred and water layer is removed. 5-Fluorocytosin and triethylamine are added to the organic layer, to obtain a white solid of the amide derivative. Anhydrous manganese chloride, 1,2,3-triacetyl-5-deoxy-D-ribose, and dichloromethane are added to form a solution. Methylbenzene, hexamethyldisilazane and trimethyldisilazane are added, heated, refluxed for 3 hours, cooled, and decompressed. Methylbenzene is recovered and the residue is added to dichloromethane. A mixed solution of anhydrous manganese chloride, 1,2,3-triacetyl-5-deoxy-D-ribose, and dichloromethane is added. Sodium bicarbonate is added, the water layer is separated, and the organic layer is rinsed and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate to obtain a white solid of amide derivative of 5-fluorocytosin. The obtained product is dissolved in methanol, sodium hydroxide is added and pH is adjusted to 6-7, and extraction is carried out using dichloromethane. The organic layers are combined and dried to obtain crude capecitabine. The crude product is recrystallized using ethyl acetate to obtain capecitabine fine product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The pressing water-removal device is a screw-press water-removal device having a pressing spin-drying portion (11) which accepts herbal biomass and carries out pressing spin-drying, hydration portion (12) which hydrates the spin-dried biomass transferred from pressing spin-dehydration portion, and pressing spin-drying portion (13) which carries out spin-drying of hydrated herbal biomass transferred from hydration portion and discharges spin-dried herbal biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biomass load and dump station comprises: a hopper (9) for storing and funneling ground biomass; a dispenser for dispensing ground biomass from the hopper an airlock (15) for receiving ground biomass from the dispenser; and a transfer mechanism to move ground biomass within the biomass load dump station. The heated pulverizing processing station heats the ground biomass to dehydrate the ground biomass and to collect bio-intermediary compounds. The heated pulverizing processing station heats the ground biomass by electrical heating elements, direct flame combustion, directed jets of heated working gas or directed jets of supercritical fluid. The heated pulverizing processing station compresses the ground biomass while it is pulverized. The many biomass reaction compartments are implemented as at least one disc (1). The many biomass reaction compartments are implemented as a series of interconnected plates, where the series of interconnected plates is configured in an oval configuration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygenated component is present in an amount so that the oxygen content of the renewable heating oil composition is 5-30 (preferably 7-15) wt.%. The aromatic content of the non-oxygenated component is 40-60 wt.%. The oxygenated component and the non-oxygenated component are present in a proportion so as to render a heating value of greater than 10000 (preferably 11000-18000) btu/lb. The cellulosic biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass. Preferred Method: The renewable heating oil composition is produced from the thermochemical conversion without oxygen removing hydrotreatment step, where the thermochemical conversion is in the presence of a catalyst. The conversion of step (a) occurs in less than 10 seconds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The heat accumulation device comprises substrates of regular cell structure, produced from ceramic and metal heat-resistant materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The selected nutrient for depletion from the culture comprises nitrogen and phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bipolar electrode comprises a material consisting of nickel, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, cadmium, molybdenum, platinum, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, iron alloy, nickel alloy and lead alloy, and/or a thin layer of tantalum oxide, iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, lead oxide, ferric oxide, platinum, platinum carbon, palladium, nickel, cadmium and/or molybdenum. The anode comprises a material consisting of titanium, tantalum, iridium, iron alloy and lead alloy, and/or a thin layer of tantalum oxide, iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, lead oxide and/or ferric oxide. The cathode comprises a material consisting of nickel, iridium, palladium, cadmium, molybdenum, platinum, titanium, tantalum, iron alloy, lead alloy and nickel alloy, and/or a thin layer of platinum, platinum carbon, palladium, nickel, cadmium and/or molybdenum. The ion exchange membrane comprises activated boron nitride. The non-selective membrane comprises boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange membrane comprises a polymeric matrix based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing natural oil comprising triacylglycerides, the microorganism is a microalga. The decrease or elimination of the expression of an enzyme encoded by one or more genes that encode a beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, stearoyl ACP desaturase, or fatty acid desaturase is due to the interruption or replacement of the one or more genes with one or more genes encoding an active beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, stearoyl ACP desaturase, fatty acid desaturase, or acyl-ACP thioesterase. The recombinant cell further comprises an exogenous gene encoding an oleate 12-hydroxylase, so as to synthesize ricinoleic acid. It comprises nucleic acids operable to decrease or eliminate the expression of a beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II encoded by a KASII gene, and to express a product of an exogenous gene encoding an acyl-ACP thioesterase. It comprises nucleic acids operable to decrease or eliminate the expression of a fatty acid desaturased encoded by at least one fatty acid degradation (FAD) gene and to express a product of a stearoyl-ACP desaturase exogenous gene encoding an active stearoyl ACP desaturase. In producing natural oil comprising triacylglycerides, the microorganism has a type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Preferred Cell: The cell synthesizes fatty acids through a type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The cell is a microalga, where the microalga is an obligate heterotroph. The microalga is a species of Prototheca (preferred) or Chlorella. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipolytic enzyme is a lipase, cutinase and/or esterase. The lipase includes Candida antarctica lipase B, where the enzyme has at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or even 99% identity to the amino acid SEQ ID NO: 1, where sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published-pct-sequences/publication. Preferred Process: The lipolytic enzyme is applied in a liquid composition. The lipolytic enzyme is immobilized on a support such as a hydrophilic carrier comprising porous inorganic particles composed of alumina, silica or silicates including porous glass, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, vermiculite and hydrotalcite, porous organic particles composed of carbohydrate polymers including agarose or cellulose, or a hydrophobic carrier containing synthetic polymers including nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethacrylate and polystyrene, and activated carbon. The process is performed as a batch, or a continuous process. The temperature of the reaction mixture in step (b) is kept at 25-80 degrees C, preferably 30-50 degrees C. The reaction mixture is stirred, and the gas flow is dispersed in the reaction mixture by a rotary jet head.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas is atmospheric air, oxygen, nitrogen, noble gases, and/or carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, and/or propanol. Preferred Process: The volume of lower alcohol passed through the gas flow is dewatered, e.g. by distillation, pervaporation or use of a molecular sieve. The volume of lower alcohol is same as present in the reaction mixture. The lower alcohol comprised in the reaction mixture is supplied from the volume of lower alcohol by the gas flow. The lower alcohol is reused in a transesterification process for production of biodiesel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bipolar electrode comprises a material consisting of nickel, stainless steel, titanium and tantalum. The ion exchange membrane comprises activated boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange membrane comprises a polymeric matrix based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms include strains of methanogenic microorganisms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inhibitor includes at least one of 2-bromoethane sulfonic acid (2-BESA), lumazine, 2-chloroethanesulfonate, 2 mercaptoethanesulfonate, other coenzyme M structural analogs, propynoic acid, ethyl 2 butynoate, other hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, methyl chloride, chloroform, methyl fluoride, fluoroacetate, ethylene, acetylene, nitrate, nitrite, nitroethane, 2-nitropropanol, phosphate, medium and long chain fatty acids, mevastatin, fluvastatin, and lovastatin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasma-forming gas consists of gaseous hydrocarbon, an inert gas, hydrogen, nitrogen or ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gaseous hydrocarbon comprises methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, ethylene, propylene, aliphatic or olefinic hydrocarbons, where the number of carbon atoms is 1-10, mono- or bi-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or olefines (CxH2x), where x is 2-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The bacterial liquid I mixing yeast bacteria is composed of Bacillus subtilis and thermophilic Bacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing wet sludge and carrier in a ratio of 70-80:20-30. The stacking fermentation involves stacking the mixture, subjecting the mixture to static fermentation, turning the mixture after 2-3 days, repeating the fermentation and turning steps as a cycle for 1-3 times. Preferred Component: The carrier comprises wood meal, rice bran and sterile shavings in a ratio of 1-3:1-3:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer raw material is cow dung, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, human manure, monosodium glutamate residue and/or other agro-processing wastes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mature rapeseed cake fertilizer is 3-4:1-2:1-2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ammonia-ammonium chloride buffering solution has a pH value of 8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-carbon methanol diesel fuel comprises vegetable-oil (10-35), methanol (30-40), cetane number improver (5-10), desulfurization heavy benzene (10-20), n-butyl alcohol (5-10), diesel oil (2-5) and catalytic additive (0.5-0.6). The catalyst additive is nanofuel additive. The diesel fuel is light diesel fuel or GB number 0 diesel fuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves culturing G.frondosa in 20-30 ml of culture liquid. The method involves maintaining the plant in bag for 20 days after ripening period. Preferred Medium: The culture medium further comprises chemical components (in wt.%): carbon (0.7-1.2), silicon (0.5-1), manganese (1-1.2), chromium ( not greater than 0.25), nickel ( not greater than 0.25), phosphorus ( not greater than 0.04), sulfur ( not greater than 0.04) and ferrous (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The sugar-derived compound is prepared by performing glycosylation reaction by using glycal as glycosyl acceptor or a long chain analog as glycosyl donor and alcohol. The reaction mixture is filtered and evaporated after performing deacetylation.Preferred Conditions: The glycosylation reaction is accomplished at room temperature under stirring for 12 hours. The deacetylation reaction is accomplished at room temperature for 45 minutes. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nutrients are urea, monopotassium phosphate or trace element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The corrosion inhibitor is prepared by mixing dicyclohexylamine nitrite, 102TB, triethylamine, and naphthenic acid. The anti-swelling agent is prepared by mixing 107PT anti-swelling agent, T102, and T115. The antioxidant is prepared by mixing 3-methyl-6-tertbutylphenol, phenol, hydroquinone, and/or 2-methyl-4,6-dinonyl phenol. The alcohol solvent is prepared by mixing methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, and/or n-amyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is 5% toluene solution of 4-methoxy benzene sulfonyl hydrazide. The additive comprises (vol.%) catalyst (0.5-1). The corrosion inhibitor is 2,4-diisopropyl phenol or 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. The alcohol is isobutyl alcohol or sec-octyl alcohol. The alcohol ether is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The ester is ethyl acetate or isopentyl acetate. The aliphatic hydrocarbon is petroleum ether. The aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene, or dimethylbenzene. The nitro is nitrobenzene and nitrotoluene. The nitrate is isoamyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, or isooctyl nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fungicide is hydrogen peroxide with dosage of 0.01-0.03 L/kg.DS. The modifier is a mixture of aluminum oxide and ferric salt with dosage of 0.05-0.1 kg/kg.DS. The sulfur-fixing agent is limestone with dosage of 0.05-0.2 kg/kg.DS.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The deodorizer is plant extract liquid with dosage of 0.005-0.01 L/kg.DS. The heavy metal stabilizer is amine compound with dosage of 0.1-0.25 kg/kg.DS. The biomass is one or more of straws, wood shavings, saw dust or dry branches and leaves with dosage of 0.6-1.5 kg/kg.DS.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel oil comprises (wt.%): methyl myristate (0.5- 2, preferably 1), methyl palmitate (20-30, preferably 25), methyl stearate (5-10, preferably 7), methyl oleate (42- 45, preferably 42), methyl linoleate (18-22, preferably 22) and methyl linolenate (1.5-3, preferably 3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is methylbenzene solution comprising 5 mass% of 4-methyl benzene sulfonyl urea hydrazide-2-pyridine formyl zinc. The corrosion inhibitor comprises 2,4-diisopropyl phenol or 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol and oil compound. The antioxidant stabilizer is 5 mass% tetrahydrofuran solution of 5-alkoxy-2(5H) furanone. The additive comprises (vol.%) catalyst (0.5-1) and corrosion inhibitor (2-4). The alcohol in cosolvent is isobutanol, isooctanol, or sec-octyl alcohol. The ester is ethyl acetate or acetate isoamyl. The ketone is acetone. The hydrocarbon in igniting agent is methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene or petroleum ether. The nitro in combustion improver is nitrobenzene or nitrotoluene. The nitrate is isoamyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, or isooctyl nitrate. The methanol is not less than 99 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is methylbenzene solution comprising 5 mass% of 4-methoxy phenylsulfonyl phenylhydrazine formyl. The phenols in corrosion inhibitor are 2,4-diisopropyl phenol or 2,4-bis-tert-phenol. The additive comprises 1-4 vol.% catalyst. The antioxidant stabilizer is 5 mass% tetrahydrofuran solution of 5-alkoxy-2(5H) furanone. The alcohols in cosolvent are octanol and isobutanol. The glycol ethers are ethylene glycol or butyl cellosolve. The esters are ethyl acetate or isoamyl acetate. The aliphatic hydrocarbons in initiating combustion agent are petroleum ether. The aromatic hydrocarbons are methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene. The ether is methyl tert-butyl ether. The nitro in combustion improver is nitrobenzene or nitrotoluene. The nitrate is isoamyl nitrate or isooctyl nitrate. The methanol is greater than or equal to 99 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of dried sludge powder to ash powder to plant fuel residue is 1000:1000:150-200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel comprises (wt.%) coal and/or crushed straw (5-50). The fuel is a lump having hollow holes in its inner part. The prepared fuel is a sphere, a cylinder, a cube, a rectangle, or a polyhedron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A binder is added to the dehydrated raw materials. Granulating comprises preparing a plate of the mixture, drying, crushing, and screening. Floatation comprises adding a flotation agent and/or a collecting agent to the fly ash; dropping the mixture in a flotation device; forming an upward blowing gas in the flotation device, forming counter-current contact between the gas and the mixture, where the gas is at a turbulence state during moving upward; and collecting the granules, which are formed by moving the gas upward and pass through the flotation plate of the flotation device. Preferred Component: The charcoal is extracted from fly ash by flotation. The raw materials further comprise slaked lime.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass sawdust is bamboo sawdust and/or wood sawdust.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is acetate ionic liquid having organic group linked on imidazole ring. The organic group comprises 1-18C alkane, olefin, aromatic hydrocarbon, or heterocyclic ring. The ionic liquid having catalyst function is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole (Emim) acetate. The ratio of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole acetate/sodium hydroxide is (1:3)-(1:18). The mol ratio of alcohol to oil is (9:1)-(27:1). Preferred Method: The reflowing step comprises reflowing product at 20-80 degrees C and normal pressure. The materials are reacted for 1.5-24 hours. The reactant methanol is removed by decompression and distillation. The heating step is performed in water bath. The gas chromatography is performed using methyl ester solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vegetable fat raw oil is palm oil or coleseed oil. The low carbon alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The alkali catalyst is methanol solution of sodium methoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The drying temperature is 100-105 degrees C, and drying time is 15-25 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali catalyst is methanol solution of sodium methoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent comprises n-hexane, petroleum ether or No.6 solvent oil. The fresh rice bran comprises rice bran obtained through grinding rice in 3 hours, expanded fresh rice bran, or fresh rice bran, where triglyceride of which is not decomposed into fatty acid under less than 15 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is disodium edentate. The pH value regulator is sodium hydroxide. The liquid medicine (1000 ml) comprises 20 g of rabeprazole sodium, 4 g of disodium edentate and appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide. ACTIVITY - Antiulcer; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Antibacterial; Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The extraction comprises putting crushed jasmine in water or ethanol solution to heat and extract.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The rinsing of resin comprises washing absorbed resin by water until colorless, and rinsing resin by ethanol solution; or washing resin by water, and rinsing resin by 70-90% ethanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass volume ratio of oxiracetam crude product to absolute ethyl alcohol, phosphoric acid, and glacial acetic acid is 1:25-30:0.01-0.05:0.5-1, preferably 1:27:0.02:0.9. Preferred Method: The mixed solvent is preheated to 58-62 degrees C and the oxiracetam crude product is added. The stirring and crystal separating process includes adopting cryohydrate to recycle, and naturally reducing the temperature at 5-10 degrees C. The centrifuged wet material is put in the oven, and drying for 7-8 hours at 78-82 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid-liquid ratio is 5-8 (w/v), the first time of extracting is 3 hours, and the second time is 2 hours. The macroporous adsorbing resin is X-5, H103 and HP20 type macroporous resin. Preferred Processes: The gradient elution condition involves eluting with double column volume of ethyl acetate: methanol of 10:1-3, eluting with solution, detecting overflow of sesamin by thin layer chromatography, and eluting with ethyl acetate:methanol of 1: 8-10 until no any sesamin fraction. The time of recrystallization is 2-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, salicylaldehyde, and absolute methanol to a reactor; uniformly mixing; while stirring, dripping absolute methanol solution of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide water solution; stirring for 4-5 hours at room temperature; filtering; naturally volatilizing the filtrate to obtain brownish red block-shaped crystal, i.e. compound (I). The mass ratio of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, salicylaldehyde, and Co(NO3)2.6H2O is 1-1.5:1.0:1-2.0. The concentration of Co(NO3)2.6H2O in the absolute methanol solution of Co(NO3)2.6H2O is 21.8-29.1 g/L. The concentration of tetraethylammonium hydroxide water solution is 0.20-0.25 g/ml. The total amount of solvent i.e. absolute methanol and water is 20-25 times the total mass of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, salicylaldehyde, and Co(NO3)2.6H2O. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amine is methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine or triethylamine. The chloroalkane is methane chloride, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane or tetrachloroethane. The long-chain acyl chloride is octadecanoic acyl chloride, tetradecanoic acyl chloride, tetradecanoic acyl chloride, dodecanoic acyl chloride, decanoylchloride, octanoyl chloride or hexanoyl chloride. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic; Antimicrobial; Immunostimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Chitosan (4 g) (having deacetylation degree of 80% and weight-average molecular weight of 100000) was added into triethylamine and chloroform (200 ml) in the mixed solution in a volume ratio of 3:1 under stirring at room temperature for 48 hours. Capryloyl chloride (10.7 g) was dissolved and stirred evenly in chloroform (14 ml). The mixed solution was dripped into a reaction tank. The temperature was raised to 80 degrees C for 10 hours to obtain filtrate. The filtrate was refluxed under organic phase, evaporated and dried in vacuum to obtain white powdered organic soluble chitosan derivative (I), where: the n was 0.8; x was greater than 0 to less than 0.8; y was greater than 0 to less than 0.2; R was CO(CH2)6CH3; and the sum of m and n were equal to 1.
ACTIVITY - Anabolic; Antianemic; Osteopathic; Diuretic; Antidote; Hypotensive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica is taken as filling material of spectrum column (50 cmx 10 cm, 50 cmx 8 cm or 50 cmx 5 cm). Spectrum conditions include taking methanol solution of 20-30% as mobile phase, and detecting wavelength as 210 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Macroporous absorbing resin is either D101 or AB-8 type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In producing briquettes, between the phases of collection and washing, almond shells enter a crushing stage in which the raw materials are homogenized, enabling a subsequent stage of high performance drying. The washing step is performed with water at a temperature of 80 degrees C for 1-3 minutes. The moist phase takes place until almond shells reached a humidity of 30% and a temperature of 60 degrees C. The drying step is performed by air tubes with raise the temperature of the almond shells to 140 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the sediment is further processed into a fertilizer or animal feed. The gasses are collected and retained for use or further refinement for use as a fuel. The separator device is a gravity separator, a centrifuge, an evaporator, an osmotic filter or a physical filter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of modified material is 0.1 %mass or more, preferably 0.5-10 %mass. The aluminum-silicon compound is aluminum silicate compound. The modified material further contains recycled material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mesh width of the surface element is less than 30x 30 mm, preferably less than 5x 5 mm. At least one reinforcing element (7) is present below the surface element, which support the surface element in the downward direction. The reinforcing elements are fixedly connected to the surface element, preferably the reinforcing elements are stitched to the surface element. The reinforcing elements are designed as textile elements, or belts, preferably tension belts extending between two opposite walls of the bio-gas container or from a carrier present in the bio-gas container to the edge of bio-gas container. The ceiling comprises mounting points at a distance from each other, in which the surface element is attached and the reinforcing element extends along the line between the two mounting points over a part of the section. The reinforcing element is designed as a surface element in the form of textile network or fabric. The reinforcing elements and the surface element are fixed with respective mounting elements at the wall of the bio-gas container. The surface element comprises a closable recess, where a covering (10) made of the material of the surface element, is provided in the closable recess, which is fixed to the surface element by means of detachable fastening elements. The closing elements are designed as hook closing element. The covering is designed at least in the region of its surrounding in a coloring contrasting to the remaining surface element. The surface element is designed at least in the region adjacent to the covering in the coloring contrasting to the covering. The surface element comprises a central recess, and a central support (3) connected with a retaining ring, at the edge of the recess. The surface element comprises several openings which are greater than the mesh size of the surface element. The openings contain an edge reinforcement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of water and phosphate ions in the aqueous solution is 30 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hexose and/or pentose are aldose. The aldose is glucose and/or xylose. The volume ratio of organic-solvent layer is 0.1-50, with respect to the aqueous solution layer. The organic solvent of organic-solvent layer contains alcohol, ether, ketone or carboxylic acid. The 2-furaldehyde compound is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde compound obtained by reacting hexose with reaction system in presence of acidic catalyst, or 2-furaldehyde compound obtained by reacting pentose with reaction system in presence of acidic catalyst. Preferred Definitions:    M=potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the composition: the biological source is soybean oil, Jatropha oil, Camelina oil, waste cooking oil and/or oil from seed crops; the hydrocarbon is 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, pentadecane, heptadecane, tridecane, and/or 1-heptene; the biological source comprises triglyceride; and the hydrocarbon and fuel composition have a low cloud point. In the method: a chain transfer agent which is isopropanol is employed in the Kolbe electrolysis; the electrolyte is tetrabutylammonium chloride and/or ammonium salt; and the compound is triglyceride. Preferred Method: In the method: the Kolbe electrolysis is carried out in the presence of isopropanol, acetic acid and/or sodium bicarbonate; the Kolbe electrolysis comprises reacting the free fatty acid with decanoic acid and acetate in the presence of a solid amine catalyst; and the reacting of compound with water is carried out in the presence of a solid catalyst. The method further comprises conducting olefin metathesis in the presence of ethane or a catalyst containing rhenium or molybdenum oxides supported on a carrier, where the carrier is silica or alumina, activated with a promoter. The olefin metathesis is conducted: prior to reacting the compound with water or after reacting the compound with water and prior to subjecting the free fatty acid to the Kolbe electrolysis; and following the removal of the oxygen-containing carboxyl group from the free fatty acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer is produced by:(A) separately crushing rice husk meal, humic acid, plant ash, bone meal, medical stone and Chinese herbal medicine, and filtering crushed materials through screen of 80-100 meshes;(B) uniformly mixing the filtered rice husk meal, humic acid, plant ash, bone meal, medical stone and Chinese herbal medicine with sugar syrup and saccharomycetes, adding the mixed material into water, controlling moisture content to 50-60% (preferably the material is paste when being held by hand and is scattered when fallen to the ground), then piling the materials, and covering with a black plastic film for fermenting the materials;(C) when fermenting the material for 24 hours, turning the pile once, after 48 hours, when the temperature in the pile recovers to normal temperature, adding strain, uniformly stirring and packaging the material to obtain powder organic fertilizer; and(D) granulating the fertilizer and packaging the fertilizer to obtain granulated organic fertilizer, where temperature during processing is not greater than 80 degrees C and humidity of particle is 20-30%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: (I) is separated from Thalassiosira pseudonana. The sequence of nucleotide is SEQ ID NO: 2 (comprising a fully defined 2175 base pair sequence as given in the specification).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The burning treatment is carried out at 600-800 degrees C. The tail gas is used as heat energy or fertilizer to recycle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Weight ratio of the commercial precoating agent and the recovered sludge particles is 1:0.5-1: 1. The commercial precoating agent is one or more of diatomite and pearlite.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In comprehensively using kitchen waste, the volume ratio of kitchen waste and water in step (A) is 1:1-5. The biodiesel can be prepared by the following methods: adding the obtained oil layer into sodium methoxide and performing ester exchange reaction; after the reaction is over, washing by water, drying and distilling, then the biodiesel can be prepared. The weight of sodium methoxide occupies 0.8-1.5% of the oil layer; the ester exchange reaction temperature is 40-70 degrees C and the reaction time is 0.5-2.0 hours. In step (C) comprises adding ammonia water into the water phase, then using ultrasonic wave to perform crystal breaking treatment on the fiber in the kitchen waste. Also, in step (C), the fermenting is performed under the common function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae. The adding amount of the S. cerevisiae is 5-15% of the fermentation raw solution the adding amount of the A. oryzae is 5-15% of the fermentation raw solution. The fermentation temperature is 20-40 degrees C and the fermentation time is 80-100 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding 30 ml 8,8,9,9-tetradeuterium hexadecane into 50 ml methanogenic enrichment culture medium used as unique carbon source for cultivating methanogenic colony; cultivating at 38 degrees C for 365 days; extracting and esterifying acidic substance in the culture medium; and analyzing and determining whether the acidic substance has 8,8,9,9-tetradeuterium hexadecane. The 8,8,9,9-tetradeuterium hexadecane is prepared by adding n-nonanoic acid and 0.5-3.5 mol/L deuterium chloride-heavy water solution at 1:3-1:100 volume ratio into a reaction kettle; reacting at 150-200 degrees C for 12-72 hours under sealed condition to prepare 2,2-dideuterium n-nonanoic acid; adding 2,2-dideuterium n-nonanoic acid and methanol-water solution at 1:2-1:20 volume ratio into electrolytic reactor; adjusting pH of the solution in the electrolytic reactor at 8-10; and electrolyzing for 1-7 hours at 40-60 degrees C and current density of 0.2-0.8 A/m3 to obtain 8,8,9,9-tetradeuterium hexadecane. The 2,2-dideuterium n-nonanoic acid is obtained by diethyl ether extraction after the reaction of n-nonanoic acid and deuterium chloride-heavy water solution. The volume ratio of methanol to water in methanol-water solution is 1:4-4:1. After electrolysis, the 8,8,9,9-tetradeuterium hexadecane is obtained by extracting with n-hexane. The pH of solution in the electrolytic reactor is adjusted by potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The recombinant Escherichia coli is obtained by constructing the adenylate cyclase gene of Arthrobacter sp., where the preservation number is CGMCC No. 3584, and the nucleotide sequence of the adenylate cyclase gene comprises SEQ ID No. 1 (comprising a fully defined 1125 base pair sequence given in the specification). The recombinant Escherichia coli, is present at 10-300 g/l of wet strain. The ATP is present at 1-100 g/l. The metal ion is magnesium ion, manganese ion or ferrous ion, where the metal ion is present at 2-100 mM of final concentration. The surface active agent is non-ion surface active agent, anion surface active agent or anion surface active agent, and the surface active agent is present at 0.1-20 g/l. Preferred Method: The recombinant Escherichia coli is synthesized by whole cell catalysis method. The whole cell catalysis method includes taking the recombinant Escherichia coli as catalyst, taking ATP as precursor substance, adding the metal ion, and increasing the cell membrane permeability via a surface active agent, and whole cell catalyzing to produce the cAMP. The reaction is carried out in the tris-HCl buffer solution with the pH of 7.5-8.5 for 2-24 hours at 25-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises heating the steam introduced into the jacket at 85-90 degrees C. The method comprises controlling the stirring time to 40 minutes and the hot air temperature at 400 degrees C. The corn flour is a fine powder obtained by crushing the niblet and cob of the corn. The bran powder is the fine powder obtained by crushing the bran coat and wheat bran. The pine needle powder is the fine powder with a fineness of 80-200 meshes, obtained by crushing the needle of the pine needles. Preferred Components: The sodium humate is the commercial product. The industrial waste residue is coal ash, cement kiln dust, steel making furnace ash, yellow phosphorus slag, ardealite and paper making sludge. The inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium phosphate, calcium super phosphate, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate fertilizer, calcium nitrate and concentrated super phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alumina is neutral alumina, and the granularity is 120-300 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gradient extraction comprises introducing the powder into liquid carbon dioxide for extracting for 1-3 hours, analyzing the extract, and then introducing into liquid carbon dioxide and co-solvent for extracting for 1-3 hours, where the co-solvent is methanol, ethanol or acetone solution. Preferred Components: The analyzing pressure is 5-10 MPa, and the temperature is 50-60 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Vasotropic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Buddleia davidii was crushed in 60 meshes. The powder (3 kg) was added to super-critical extraction kettle at a pressure of 15 MPa and temperature of 40 degrees C. The extract was obtained by adjusting liquid carbon dioxide with the flow rate of 25 kg/hour for 3 hours. The extract was analyzed at temperature of 50 degrees C and the pressure of 20 MPa. The extract was added to anhydrous methanol with the flow rate of 1 l/hour for 3 hours and extracted. The extract was analyzed. The extract was mixed uniformly with neutral alumina (200 g). The column was dried. The extract was eluted by anhydrous ethanol (600 ml) and ether (100 ml), crystallized, and filtered and dried to obtain buddleoside A (purity 95.4%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid is inorganic acid selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrobromic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The promoter is hydrogen peroxide, liquid ammonia, urea, sodium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate; and the alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or sodium acetate. The solvent is water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The 17-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-11,14-dioxatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(16)-hexaen-15-one is prepared by mixing 2-naphthol, 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 4-keto acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst, heating and stirring at 110-130 degrees C for 3-5 hours. Preferred Process: The preparation of 17-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-11,14-dioxatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(16)-hexaen-15-one further involves dissolving the reaction mixture in dichloromethane, washing with water for two times, adding steam into solvent and recrystallizing with 95% ethanol. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 2-naphthol, 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 4-keto acid is 1:1-1.2:1. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: A secondary heat exchanger is provided downstream from the secondary combustion chamber, for exchanging heat between high-temperature waste gas and clean air at normal temperature, and heating clean air. The clean air is then supplied to the burner (10) of new material dryer of asphalt plant and/or waste material dryer as combustion air. The secondary heat exchanger exchanges heat between high-temperature waste gas and circulating hot oil, and hot oil is heated. The hot oil is circulated and supplied to the plant main component and/or ancillary facility which require heating and warming of asphalt plant. The secondary heat exchanger exchanges heat between high-temperature waste gas and water, and heats water to preset temperature. The warm water is showered over the lump of waste material, and asphalt in waste material is softened and melted. A waste-material pulverizer weakens and pulverizes the bond strength.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bed material such as oxygen transfer material is selected from group consisting copper, iron, manganese, nickel, silicon, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, lanthanum, cerium or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of contacting of the gas with the first absorbent solution takes place at 10-80 degrees C and at a pressure of 1-40 bar. The step of contacting of the gas with the second absorbent solution takes place at 50-40 degrees C, preferably -10 to -30 degrees C. The step of (v) is preceded by a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis. Preferred Components: The concentration of the transition metal ion in the wash solution is less than 1000 (preferably less than 100) weight-parts per million, calculated from the weight of the first absorbent solution. The transition metal ions comprises copper, preferably as copper(II) sulfate. The hydrogen sulfide level of the gas recovered is less than 20 (preferably less than 1) ppb. The first and/or second absorbent solutions are regenerated after gas recovery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solution comprises imidazolium salt having melting point of 100 degrees C or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is methylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The polypeptide has: at least 90% e.g. at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO. 2; at least 80% e.g. at least 85%, at least 87%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95% e.g. at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO. 4. The polypeptide comprises mature polypeptide and catalytic domain of SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 4. The mature polypeptide includes amino acids 19-455 of SEQ ID NO. 2 or 26-537 of SEQ ID NO. 4. The catalytic domain includes amino acids 19-455 of SEQ ID NO. 2 or 26-465 of SEQ ID NO. 4. The polypeptide further comprises a cellulose binding domain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide comprises cultivating the above recombinant host cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cellulosic material is pretreated. The method further comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. The steps (a) and (b) are performed simultaneously in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Preferred Components: The fermentation product is an alcohol, an organic acid, a ketone, an amino acid or gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition absorbs greater than or equal to 4 (preferably 6) wt. % of molecular hydrogen. The composition separates absorbed molecular hydrogens when the temperature of the composition is greater than or equal to 200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The nanoparticle is a magnesium nanocrystal or titanium nanocrystal, nanotube, nanorod, or nanowire. The nanoparticle has a size of 1-10 (preferably 4-6) nm in diameter for the longest or shortest linear dimension. The nanoparticle further comprises titanium. Preferred Method: The step of (c) comprises heating the composition to a temperature of equal to or more than 200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises a nanoparticle-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite. Preferred Components: The polymer has a ratio of permeability for hydrogen to permeability for oxygen gas of greater than or equal to 5 (more preferably 40). The polymer is a polyacrylate, silicone, glass, or sulfonate. The polymer is poly(alkyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(methyl acrylate). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves shredding the microbial bed after harvesting the G.lucidum at a diameter of 1-2 cm, and curing the obtained compost at 30-60 degrees C. The method involves shredding the microbial bed after harvesting the microbial bed or G.lucidum, and mixing obtained hypha. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred: The solid oxide form electrochemical cell further has a oxide layer containing oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The straw is chosen from maize straw, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, corn core, sorghum stalks, thatch, jute, hemp, linen, Kenaf, cotton stalk, banana stem and pineapple leaves, preferably corn stalk, corn core, bagasse or hemp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acid: The dilute acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid is processed into lignin, long fiber and short fiber. The lignin is further processed into chemical product chosen from phenolic resin adhesives, phenolic resin, rubber reinforcing agent and nano-carbon fiber. The long fiber and short fiber are further processed into sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyether polyol or fermentation product including butanol, succinic acid, butanediol, lactic acid, biogas and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alternately, calcium chloride is added as the electrolyte, and the concentration of chloride ion in raw water is 0.1-5 mol/m3. The ions in raw water contain chloride ion at least. The hydrate rate (H), gas-hydrate weight (W1), weight (W2) of residual water when the gas-hydrate of W1 is decomposed completely, decomposition rate ( Delta H/day) at atmospheric pressure and -20 degrees C, initial stage hydrate rate (H0), hydrate rate (Ht) after of t number of days, and number of storage days (t) satisfy the relationships given by, H=((W1-W2)+(W1-W2)/16x 5.75x 18)/W1 and ( Delta H/day)=(H0-Ht)/t.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pyrolysis is done in the presence of nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The pyrolysis reactor comprises nickel-iron alloy, heat resistant nickel-iron alloy or hydrochloric acid resistant alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating pyrolysis coke by precipitation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pyrolytic pipe is tilted at 0-10 degrees . The feeding side of the pyrolytic pipe is higher than the discharging side. The collector is a tubular condenser having a working temperature of 105-200 degrees C. The one-level condensation collector is used for collecting the tar. The second-level condenser is a tubular condenser with working temperature of less than 50 degrees C, and is used for collecting the pyroligneous liquor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The drying part comprises a boiling gasifying furnace, a settling chamber and a dryer. The gasification furnace is connected with a hot air outlet through the settling chamber and dryer. The dryer is provided with a first current sensor, a first humidity sensor and a first temperature sensor. The crushing part comprises a crushing machine and a cyclone separator. A discharging opening and the dryer of the crushing machine is connected with the cyclone separator of the crushing machine. The crushing machine is provided with a second current sensor. The material conveying part is a spiral conveyor. The molding part comprises a feeding stirrer, a water tank and a particle molding machine. A spray nozzle of the water tank extends into the feeding stirrer and a feeding hopper. The feeding port of the feeding stirrer is connected with the particle molding machine. The feeding stirrer is connected with the feeding hopper, which is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second humidity sensor. The waste heat outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the feeding hopper. The cooling, drying and separating part comprises a cooling drier, a discharger, a second cyclone separator and a draught fan. The cooling dryer is connected with the discharge port of the feeding port through an lift and the particle molding machine. The discharger is connected with material outlet of the cooling dryer. The cooling dryer is connected with the second cyclone separator. The draught fan is connected with an exhaust port. The cooling dryer is provided with a third temperature sensor, and the discharging port is provided with a pressure sensor. The drier is provided with a material feeding machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each single step digestion tank comprises a fluid. The four-step digestion tank has recirculated organic loading rate at ratio of 4:3:2:1. The step 3 and step 4 digestion tank has sphericity of 1:1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the furfural residue to plant ash of biological plant is 3:2.5, preferably 3:2.2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biological soil crust comprises lichen crust and/or moss crust. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) further comprises (a) cooling the high temperature hybrid gas containing biological tar gas and biological acetic acid gas in a condenser to condense the biological tar gas, the biological acetic acid gas and the water steam in the gas into liquid state biological tar, water and biological acetic acid soluble in water, and (b) having the liquid state biological tar, the water and the biological acetic acid soluble in the water flow in a still separating tank from the bottom of the condenser, placing still and laying, where the upper layer is light biological tar having the specific gravity less than 1, the middle layer is the biological acetic acid solution having the specific gravity close to 1, and the lower layer is heavy biological tar having the specific gravity more than 1, and collecting the light and heavy biological tar of the upper and lower layers. The step of (b) comprises directly heating the biological tar or by a normal pressure distribution, keeping the temperature at 120 degrees C, changing the biological acetic acid into the biological acetic acid steam, cooling the steam to form the biological acetic acid, and finishing purification and separation where there is no air bubble generated in the biological tar. The step of (c) comprises distilling the residue in different temperature ranges at 200-280 degrees C to serve as the raw material of biological polymerization inhibitor and the raw material of biological antioxidant, the distillates in the range of 190-230 degrees C to serve as the raw material of biological industrial creosote, the distillation is carried out at 120-190 degrees C and 190-260 degrees C to serve as the raw material of blending biological fuel oil, and regarding the residue below 220 degrees C as the raw material of biological modified asphalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol-gasoline composition comprises (in wt.%) methanol (50), gasoline (45), ethanol (4), dimethylbenzene (0.12) and dicyclopentadienyl iron (0.14).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ventilation tube body is evenly opened with through holes. The rain shield comprises a taper body without a top cone. The outer edge of the rain shield is provided with a side edge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing the sawdust until the size is less than or equal to 1.5 mm; crushing the rice husks until the size is less than or equal to 7 mm; feeding the sawdust and/or rice husks into a drying room for heating and drying the material at 20-80 degrees C; introducing the dried raw material into a ring die pressing device for pressing the raw material in a cold manner for molding; and producing the biomass energy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inoculum amount of the sludge into the reactor is 12-18 g/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The continuous flow stirring tank reactor is externally wrapped with a heating strip for controlling the temperature in the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acid value of grease is 0-210 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The monohydric alcohol is 1-6C monohydroxy fatty alcohol. It is methanol and/or ethanol. Ester exchange reaction is conducted at 100-340, preferably 240-270 degrees C and 0.1-12, preferably 2-6 MPa. The mol ratio of alcohol to oil is 3-60:1, preferably 4-12:1; and the liquid hourly space velocity is 0.1-20, preferably 0.5-5/hour. In the step of conducting ester exchange reaction, alkali compound is added at 0.005-2 wt.% of grease. The returned mixed ester is 2-80, preferably 10-60 wt.% of the weight of all the mixed ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The animal and plant oil and fats are selected from biological oil comprising vegetable oils, vegetable fats, animal oil and/or animal fat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrotreating catalyst is catalyst loaded with reduced metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt, and/or carrier such as alumina, silicon dioxide or amorphous silicon. Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation catalyst comprises a hydrogenation refining catalyst (20-80vol.%) and hydro-upgrading catalyst (20-80vol.%). The amount of Y molecular sieve or beta molecular sieve in the catalyst is 0.5-40.0wt.% of combination of loaded metal such as tungsten-nickel, molybdenum-nickel, molybdenum-cobalt or tungsten-molybdenum-nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant and animal oil and fats catalytic hydrogenation method utilizing hydrogenation transmutation catalyst comprises Y molecular sieve or beta molecular sieve. The modified material is catalytic diesel oil, coking diesel oil, coal tar light fraction, shale oil light fraction and/or light wax oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw materials are cordyceps. The heating temperature is 75-80 degrees C, and extracting time of 1.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is hydrogen peroxide having a weight concentration of 49-51%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The addition reaction is done at 80-160 degrees C for 5-8 hours. The pressurizing is done at a pressure of 1-5 MPa. Preferred Components: The ratio of catalyst and 2-propylene-1-sodium sulfonate is 1:20-100. The mole ratio of 2-propylene-1-sodium sulfonate and liquid ammonia is 1:1.5-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus exopolysaccharide comprises separating the Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to obtain HD-3 strain, preparing seed culture solution, fermenting, extracting and drying to obtain the polysaccharide product. The strain is inoculated on the inclined surface with common nutrient broth culture medium, at pH 6.8-7.4, at a temperature of 30-35 degrees C and a speed of 170 revolutions per minute (rpm), ventilation ratio of 1:1, and culturing for 18-24 hours to obtain seed culture liquid. The seed culture solution is inoculated with amount of 3-10% on polysaccharide fermentation culture medium, where the culture medium component uses g/l as unit, specifically is starch (5-25), bean pulp (3-10), peptone (5-30), calcium carbonate (1-10), potassium dichromate (2-8), disodium (0.5), magnesium sulfate (1), manganese sulfate (0.001-0.2), the pH value at 7-8.5, fermentation at the temperature of 32 degrees C, stirring speed at 210 rpm, ventilation ratio of 1:0.3-0.8, and fermenting for 3-5 days. The process comprises removing bacteria body from the ferment liquid by high speed centrifugation, vacuum concentrating the supernatant to the 1/3 of the original volume of the solution, sedimenting with 2-3 times of 95% ethanol, removing protein from sediment by savage method, sedimenting again with ethanol, precipitate is washed by 75% ethanol in same volume for 2-3 times, at 60-70 degrees C, drying and crushing to obtain polysaccharide product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Condition: The upper limit of NADH value is 21BPA or less and the lower limit is 25BPA or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Haliscomenobacter, Lewinella, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. Preferred Method: The method involves maintaining dissolved oxygen concentration in the tank to 10 mg/l or more, carrying out sludge modification process in a tank different from aerator, and adding a viscous substance obtained from tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The drying system has temperature measuring unit (14,15) for measuring temperature of exhaust gas discharged from container, concentration measuring unit for measuring concentration of specific gas contained in exhaust gas, a heating unit (13) for heating wood coal in the container, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between waste gas and air, and a nitrogen supply unit (9) for supplying nitrogen to the container. The heating unit has a heating portion and a cooling portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In increasing oil content and/or seed yield in plants, the oil content is seed oil content. The Thousand Kernel Weight is increased. The AOX1 protein has at least 60% or 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 2. The nucleic acid has at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 1. The AOX1 protein has at least 80% sequence identity to the AOX1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic acid has at least 80% sequence identity to the AOX1 coding sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana. The method further comprises: (a) providing a plant cell with a chimeric gene comprising the following operably linked nucleic acid molecules: (i) a heterologous plant-expressible promoter; (ii) a nucleic acid encoding an AOX1 protein; and optionally (iii) a DNA region involved in transcription termination and polyadenylation; and (b) regeneration of the plant cell into a plant. The plant-expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter, where the constitutive promoter is the 35S promoter. Plant-expressible promoter is a seed-specific promoter. The plant is a seed oil plant. It is a Brassicaceae plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Pyrolysis is carried out using a solid catalyst in the form of pellets in an operating area of thermal-pressure-chemical conversion, which partially (up to 50%) fills up the drum with perforated walls. Both the pyrolysis chamber and drum rotate about the same axis. During rotation, pyrocarbon from pyrolysis chamber is fed to the activation chamber. This results in additional (catalytic) thermal processing of pyrolysis crust milted by the balls. The finely dispersed pyrocarbon is mixed with bio oil from pyrolysis gas and vapor. The mixture is activated (51) (mainly in cavitating activator) and liquid suspension activated biomass fuel (52) is obtained. The finely dispersed pyrocarbon is mixed with condensate (27) generated in the receiver-condensate collector during material drying process. The mixture is activated (mainly in cavitating activator) and liquid suspension activated biomass fuel is obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: a storing unit separate and independent from the first and second separating devices for storing the organic slurry prior to, separation by the second separating device; another first separation device that separates organic and inorganic waste components from second municipal solid waste different from the first municipal solid waste and that forms a second organic slurry different from the first organic slurry and containing waste water, oil/grease and organic material, where the storing unit is further configured to receive and store the second organic slurry to combine with the first organic slurry and raw feedstock waste grease stored in the holding tank; and an organic separation device for receiving the municipal solid waste or source separated organic waste and preparing the organic slurry. The storing unit is configured for receiving and storing raw feedstock waste grease that combines with the organic slurry stored in the storing unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: storing the organic shiny in a storing unit prior to separating the waste water, oil/grease and organic material; converting the separated oil/grease to a renewable fuel; and preparing a second organic slurry at a location remote from which the first organic slurry is prepared, and storing the second organic slurry in the storing unit along with the first organic slurry. The second separation step comprises separating the waste water, oil and organic material in each of the organic slurry and the raw feedstock from one another. Preferred Components: The oil or grease comprises yellow grease and brown grease. The organic slurry comprises first organic slurry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic matter in the domestic sewage provides necessary nutrients for microbial growth to generate electricity and to purify sewage. The electron produced from the degraded organic pollutant reduces and deposit on oxide metal ions in electroplating water so that the product can be easily recycled and the resource can be recycled. The anode and cathode transfers electrons and output electric energy during co-processing of sewage through the oxidization and reduction reactions respectively. The cathode and anode solutions are replaced by a self-designed polypropylene three-phase separator for collecting anaerobic methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the system: the filter has a pore size of 0.1-20 mm; the nanofilter includes a first nanofiltration stage and a second nanofiltration stage; the second nanofiltration stage comprises a membrane with pores that allow water molecules and acid ions to pass as permeate and retain sugar molecules as retentate, where the nanofiltered liquid component comprises the retentate; the second nanofiltration stage is configured for diafiltration, where the diafiltration comprises water added to the liquid component in a ratio of 0:1-1.3:1; the first nanofiltration stage has a permeate flux rate of 1.5-35 l/m2/hour; and an apparatus adjusts the pH of the nanofiltered liquid component to 4 using calcium hydroxide and then 5.5-6 using at least one of ammonium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism has the mycological characteristics described in Tables 3 and 4, given in the specification. The microorganism has 16s rDNA comprising a defined nucleotide sequence of 1500 bp (SEQ ID NO: 2), given in the specification, or 16s rDNA which has 99.3% or more of homology with SEQ ID NO: 2. The microorganism has an acceptance number FERM P-22040. Specifically, a Klebsiella variicola has the capability to produce ethanol from a glycerol. The K. variicola has the mycological characteristics described in the following Tables 1 and 2, given in the specification. The K. variicola has 16s rDNA comprising a defined nucleotide sequence of 1500 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1), given in the specification, or 16s rDNA which has 99.7% or more of homology with SEQ ID NO: 1. The K. variicola has an acceptance number FERM P-22039 or acceptance number FERM P-22203. Preferred Method: In the method of producing ethanol, the wastewater is a wastewater containing the residue after producing biodiesel fuel. Preferred Apparatus: The waste-water-treatment apparatus further comprises a hydrogen recovery apparatus which collects the hydrogen produced in the fermenter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The pH of the above mixture is maintained at 10.5 or less. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Hydrochloric acid (800 g) was added to 1000 g of ashes of hen droppings (36 wt.%) and cured for 7 days at pH 8.1. Then, hydrochloric acid processed ashes of hen droppings was dried and pulverized, and added small amount of water and modified starch to the mixture. Then, the mixture was granulated using rotary pan pelletier. The granulated mixture was dried and sieved to obtain granular fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device further comprises heat exchanger (4), where alcohol is preheated to bubble point temperature of the heat exchanger, by spraying gas-liquid phase to the alcohol feeding part through lower part of the kettle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hollow suspension filler is polyethylene provided with a cross support, where the density is less than water, porosity is 85-90% and specific surface area for absorbing the biological film is 450-550 m2/m3. The filter is net-shaped object made of nylon or metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The raw material includes providing (pts.wt.) tea seed cake, which is in powder form (3.5), animal wastes (5), and microbial agent (0.3). The microbial agent is organic fertilizer fermentation rotten bacterium agent; organic fertilizer zymophyte agent; microorganism compost promoter; or EM agent. The EM agent includes Lactobacillus, Bacillus, nitrobacteria, actinomycetes, composite photosynthetic bacteria, and nutrient, where content of viable bacteria is greater than or equal to 10 billion viable cells/g or ml. The method comprises using a second bacterium agent, which is inoculated to regulate the flora in step (A). It comprises providing rice bran, wheat bran, straw powder, or brown sugar in the fermentation step of (A); adding balanced amount of inorganic fertilizer containing trace element; and making the inorganic fertilizer into granules to be encapsulated in organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material uses methane fermentation residue and cow manure and biogas residues of gas generation for more than 1 year. The sawdust is doped sawdust made of larch and poplar. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The concentration of polyacrylamide in potato residue is 5-15, preferably 1-10 mg/L. The potato residue filter cake having water content of 70-75%. The mixed potato residue having water content of 18-19% is obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of etoxazole to abamectin, azocyclotin, propargite, clofentezine or pyridaben is 1-99:1-99. The weight ratio of etoxazole to abamectin is 10:3-6. The weight ratio of etoxazole to azocyclotin is 1:7-10. The weight ratio of etoxazole to propargite is 1:20-25. The weight ratio of etoxazole to clofentezine is 1:6-9. The weight ratio of etoxazole to pyridaben is 1:4-6. The weight percentage of acaricidal composition is 1-99% of the acaricide. The acaricidal composition and normal adjuvant are used for preparing wettable powder, miscible oil, suspending agent, micro-capsule suspension or water dispersible granules. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fresh corn straws are collected within 60 days after harvesting the corns. The straw dregs are treated by a solid fermentation for fermenting the residual fermentable sugar to obtain ethanol. The concentration of the straw juice is processed by multi-effect vacuum evaporation, thin film evaporation or a nano-filtration membrane separation. The step (iii), comprises adding a nitrogen source needed for the production of strain, and then adjusting the pH to 4.5-4.8. The fermentation is processed at 28-36 degrees C for 24-48 hours. The separation fermented mash and recovery of ethanol is processed by distillation concentration or ultrasonic extrication. Preferred Components: The straw juice is 30-90% of the total weight of the fresh corn straw. The straw juice comprises (in wt.%) cane sugar (0-12), glucose (0-8) and fructose (0-8). The reduced concentration of the total fermentable monosaccharide is 2-18%. The nitrogen source is yeast extract, urea or ammonium sulfate. The added amount of the nitrogen source is 0.01-0.1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel comprises (pts. wt.) coal powder (100), clay (70), straw (30 kg), lacquer putty powder (calcium oxide) (1), sodium nitrate (1.2), sodium hydroxide (0.3), magnesium oxide (3), smoke suppressor (1.5), starch (0.3), sodium (0.5), sodium silicate (0.5), and carbon powder (9).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coal gangue composite fuel comprises (pts. wt.) coal powder (100), coal gangue (75), straw (25), sodium nitrate (1.5), lime (4), sodium (0.4), lacquer putty powder (0.5), sodium hydroxide (0.5), smoke suppressor (1.2), starch (0.5), magnesium oxide (4), and carbon powder (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coal slime composite fuel comprises (pts. wt.) coal powder (80), coal (80), straw (40), smoke suppressor (1.5), wollastonite (3.5), sodium hydroxide (0.6), sodium nitrate (1.2), starch (0.5), magnesium oxide (5 kg), and calcium carbonate (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkalinizing agent is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The solvent is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogen peroxide is added at 0.1-5 wt.% of the total weight of the biomass solution. The pH value of the biomass solution is 8-13. The biomass material is wood, sawdust, or herb. The biomass material in the biomass solution is at 5-60 wt.%. Heating is carried out at 60-90 degrees C for 10-20 hours. Filtering is done before mixing coal to remove solid matter in the biomass solution after reaction. The solid material is cellulose. Evaporating and concentrating the biomass solution are conducted after filtering and before mixing the coal. The coal is mashed coal particle. The grain size of the coal particles is 20-200 mu m. The addition of the coal occupies more than 30 wt.% of the biomass coal water slurry. The biomass coal water slurry comprises 10-70 wt.% coal and 5-60 wt.% biomass based on total weight of the biomass coal water slurry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The material oil is fatty acid, high acidic value or neutral animal and vegetable oil comprising raw plant oil, waste oil from restaurant, illegal cooking oil and waste animal and vegetable oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The conversion rate of oil to bio diesel is 85-95%. The yield of anaerobic marsh gas is 150-210 ml/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fuel: In the alcohol ester fuel, the component of the modified methanol and the weight percentage content of each component is as follows: (A) methanol 85-95%, (B) acetylacetone 0-5%, (C) methanol 0-5%; (D) ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 5-10%. Preferred Method: In preparing the alcohol ester fuel, the component of the nanometer composite microemulsion and the weight percentage content of each component is as follows: oleate 25-35%, diethylenetriamine 1-3%, alcohol 40-60%, ethanol 1-3%, fuel additive 18-22%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modified methanol gasoline comprises 45-60 wt.% gasoline (preferably 50%), 40-50 wt.% methanol (preferably 47%), 1-3 wt.% acetone (preferably 2%), and 1-3 wt.% isopropyl ether (preferably 1%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Culturing the marine microalgae comprises culturing I. sphaerica CCMM 5001 in seawater containing an L1 culture medium, under the following conditions: culture temperature of 19-21 degrees C, light/dark ratio of 12:12 hours and illumination intensity of 3000-4000 Lux; culturing the I. sphaerica for 5-7 days; transferring the obtained algae cell to the L1 culture medium to perform enlarge culture; culturing the algae cell under the following conditions: culture temperature of 19-21 degrees C, light/dark ratio of 12:12 hours and illumination intensity of 3000-4000 Lux; in the fourth day after the growth stationary phase of the I. sphaerica, centrifuging the cell; and drying the cell to obtain I. sphaerica powder. The seawater containing an L1 culture medium is treated by the following steps: filtering the seawater by a fiber membrane of 0.45 microns, sterilizing the sea water at high temperature, adding into L1 nutrient salt such that the salinity is 30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or calcium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The total amount of inorganic nitrogen containing fertilizer, phosphorus containing fertilizer and potassium containing fertilizer is 20-30 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In preparing the solid acid catalyst for preparing biological diesel, the mass ratio of the benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane is 1:2-1:6, phosphonic acid, 20 g, the dosage of SO3 is 12.35 ml. The temperature of the water bath is 65-95 degrees C, and refluxing time is 8-24 hours. The cation exchange resin is the common industrial sulfonic acid, ion exchange time is 12-48 hours. The drying temperature is 45-75 degrees C, and the heating temperature is 60-85 degrees C and the stirring time is 7-18 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises constructing an earthworm biological bed, where the quadrate ground is a rectangular ground with width of 2-4 m and with infinite length, the ditch is 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide, transversely stacking the earthworm living matrix on the base surface, where the earthworm living matrix is 5-10 cm height, 30-50 cm wide, and 2-4 m length, dividing the stack into large and small rows at intervals, where the small row interval is 10-20 cm and the large row interval is 20-40 cm. The method comprises constructing the earthworm biological bed, when the high temperature season in summer is higher than 30 degrees C, setting up the sun shading shed on the part, which is 2.5 m away from the upper part of the biological bed, when the low-temperature season in the winter is lower than 5 degrees C, covering the plastic cloth on the biological bed, and controlling the annual temperature of the biological bed at 10-30 degrees C. The method comprises performing anaerobic curing treatment on the pig manure for 3-20 days, where the amount of pig manure is not greater than 3/5 of the volume of the container, and controlling the water amount to be 1/4-1/2 of the volume of the pig manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methyl 3-(4-bromomethyl)cinnamate is prepared by taking methyl p-methoxy cinnamate, NBS, azobisisobutyronitrile, and acetonitrile, performing heating and refluxing reaction, filtering the solution, concentrating the filtrate, performing re-crystallization with 95% ethanol, and drying the products. The ethyl 4-bromomethylcinnamate is prepared by taking ethyl 4-methylcinnamate, NBS, azobisisobutyronitrile, and acetonitrile, performing heating and refluxing reaction, filtering the solution, concentrating the filtrate to obtain oily material, performing recrystallization with 95% ethanol, and drying the products. Methyl p-methoxy cinnamate or ethyl 4-methylcinnamate, imidazole, anhydrous potassium carbonate, potassium iodide, and acetone are heated and refluxed for 14-18 hours. The mixture is filtered. The filtrate is concentrated. The organic solvent is recovered. Residues are dissolved in ethyl acetate, and rinsed. The organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate. The solution is filtered. The filtrate is concentrated until having no organic solvent. The solution is dried. Re-crystallization is performed with ethyl acetate-petroleum ether in the volume ratio of 1:1. The products are concentrated and dried to obtain ozagrel methyl or ethyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Chromatographic column filler is octadecylamine silane (standard is 50 cmx 10 cm, 50 cmx 8 cm or 50 cmx 5 cm). Spectrum condition of preparation liquid phase comprises detection wavelength of 280 nm and mobile phase of methanol-water at volume ratio of 3:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or lithium borohydride. The catalyst is palladium-carbon. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, or mixed solvent of two or three.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - In the step 1), the silanization agent is selected from hexamethyl disilazane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, trimethylsilyl chloride, bromotrimethylsilane or trimethyliodosilane. The bind acid agent is selected from N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, triethylamine, trinbutylamine, ethylene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene and epoxypropane. In the step 2), the oxidizer is selected from nitric acid, potassium dichromate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, peracetic acid or ferric ion. In the step 3), the organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, normal butanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide.
ACTIVITY - Nootropic; Dermatological.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Tyrosinase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, treating the solids component comprises releasing sugar. The method of treating the solids component further comprises holding the slurry at 30-60 degrees C; and treating the solids component for 48 to 144 hours. The method of pre-treating the biomass further comprises steeping, where the steeping comprises mixing the biomass with water to reach at least 10% solids content and applying sulfuric acid to the biomass in a concentration of 0.8 to 1.3 wt.%, and holding the biomass at 130-180 degrees C for 5 to 12 minutes. The pre-treating of the biomass further comprises steam explosion, where the steam explosion comprises: a) holding the steeped biomass at 150-165 degrees C and at a pressure of 75 to 125 pounds per square inch; and b) releasing the pressure. Preferred Components: The sugar comprises glucose. The makeup water comprises an anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent composition. The anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent composition comprises at least 1% (preferably 30-70%) of the makeup water. The makeup water comprises a thin stillage composition. The thin stillage composition comprises at least a part of soluble components comprised in thin stillage with insoluble components removed. The thin stillage composition comprises at least 1% of the makeup water. The slurry has a solids content of 5-25%, and pH of 4.8 to 6.2. The lignocellulosic material comprises corn cobs, corn plant husks, corn plant leaves and corn stalks, where the corn cobs comprise 25-50% of the lignocellulosic material, the corn plant husks and corn plant leaves comprise 30-60% of the lignocellulosic material, and the corn stalks comprise 10-30% of the lignocellulosic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): The esterase is produced by culturing the above-mentioned microorganisms and collecting protein from the microorganisms. Preferred Enzyme: The esterase comprises an amino acid sequence exhibiting 95% or more homology to amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. Preferred Method: In method (M1), the triacylglycerol comprises 2-16C fatty acids. In method (M2), the alcohol is methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The primary filtration step is carried out at temperature of not greater than 15, preferably 10, more preferably 5 degrees C for at least 72, preferably 120 hours. The purification process further involves performing secondary filtration step using cartridge filter. The method involves admixing additives chosen from surfactants, antioxidants, colloidal agents, petrochemicals and/or their mixture in biodiesel before the initiation of primary and/or secondary filtration step. The admixing of the additive is done at 35-65, preferably 45-55 degrees C. Preferred Components: The pore size of the self-cleaning filter is not greater than 50, preferably 25, more preferably 10 mu m. The pore size of cartridge filter is not greater than 10, preferably 5, more preferably 3 mu m. At least 2 wt.% of the biodiesel is derived from vegetable oil and/or animal fat, preferably rapeseed oil. Preferred Composition: The biodiesel comprises at least 10, preferably 50, more preferably 100 parts per million of additives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The separation column has a bottom reboiler (21) and at least a portion (3) of the feed gas and/or a gas (6) derived from the feed gas is used to heat the bottom reboiler. Feed gas is cooled and partially condensed to form a gas (6) and a liquid (13) and at least a portion of the gas resulting from the partial condensation is used to reboil the separation column (19). The liquid (47) from the bottom of the nitrogen wash column (45) is sent to the top of the separation column. The separation column has a top condenser (75), and liquid nitrogen is vaporized in the top condenser. The nitrogen enriched gas stream is partially condensed in the top condenser and the liquid from the phase separator is sent to an intermediate region of the separation column. Separation column has no top condenser, and liquid from the phase separator is sent to the top of the separation column. The liquid from the bottom of the nitrogen wash column (55,95) is vaporized in the heat exchanger. The liquid sent to the separation column from the phase separator contains 65% or more, preferably 70% or more of methane, and 5% or more, preferably 10% or more of nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Foodstuff sludge is sludge discharged from drinking water production. The organic soil conditioner contains coconut fiber as an essential component. Mineral matter soil conditioner contains organic soil conditioner, Akadama soil and Kanuma soil. Preferred Process: Foodstuff sludge is mixed with charcoal compost, deposited, and anaerobic fermentation is performed. Preferred Parameters: Gaseous phase rate of the organic soil conditioner is 15-20 vol.%, and liquid phase rate is 70-75 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The yeast strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The dry powder comprises (in %) organic matter (45-50), moisture content (6-10), potassium chloride (6-10), and its pH is 5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The drainage and ventilation channel is a reinforced concrete structure, where channels are arranged in each box of chamber is spaced in parallel. Switch control valve is arranged at connection portion between the drainage and ventilation pipe. The U shaped siphon tubes is connected in series, and inclined at an angle of 8-15 degrees . The drainage and ventilation holes are uniformly spaced on cover plate. The inner side of main wall and inner surface of sidewalls of fermentation chamber are sealed by cement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The addition amount of the grape seed is 8-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The solar battery is monocrystalline silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar battery or amorphous silicon film solar battery. The steam turbogenerator is back pressure steam turbogenerator, extraction condensing steam turbogenerator or condensing steam turbogenerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst particles in the solid phase, exhibit a size of 0.01-200 mu m. The catalyst is a nickel catalyst. The catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, preferably a ruthenium catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The flow direction of the liquid phase is from bottom to top, in the bubble column reactor. The carbon monoxide- and hydrogen containing reactant gas or carbon di-oxide- and hydrogen containing reactant gas is thermo chemically produced from biomass. Preferred Components: The system comprises an upstream reactor for the thermo chemical gasification of biomass to carbon monoxide- and hydrogen containing synthesis gas or carbon dioxide- and hydrogen containing synthesis gas. The ratio of the volume of the gas phase in the reactor and the total volume of the reactor (three-phase system) is 10-25 %. The volume of the reactor is 7-140 m3. The reactor is placed at an operating temperature of 150-350 degrees C. The pressure in the bubble column reactor is 1-100 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The montmorillonite polyacidic clay is montmorillonite K10 (MMT-K10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin is of formula (I).x,y,z=greater than 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first degradation inhibitor compound is sulfite compound of formula (Ma(SO3)b) and a bisulfite compound of formula (M1(HSO3)c). The absorbent solution (I) comprises: 10-99 wt.% of amine, 1-90 wt.% of water, 5 ppm to 10 wt.% of first degradation inhibitor compound and 5 ppm to 5 wt.% of second degradation inhibitor compound. The absorbent solution (I) further comprises: 5 ppm to 5 wt.% of a corrosion inhibitor compound. The first degradation inhibitor compound is sodium sulfite (preferred), potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, magnesium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, magnesium bisulfite and ammonium bisulfite and second degradation inhibitor compound is 5,5'-dithiobis(1,3,4-thidiazole-2(3H)-thione), 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 5-(methylthio)- 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-methylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2-amino-5-(methylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-amino-5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and their salts, preferably 5,5'-dithiobis(1,3,4-thidiazole-2(3H)-thione) and its sodium salt, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or 5-methylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol. The amine is N,N,N',N',N"- pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, piperazine, monoethanolamine (preferred), diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, glycine salt or taurine salt. The corrosion inhibitor compound is sodium metavanadate. The absorbent solution comprises at least 39 wt.% of monoethanolamine.M = H, alkaline metal cation, alkaline-earth metal cation, metal, ammonium or phosphonium;a, b = 1-4;M1 = alkaline metal cation, alkaline-earth metal cation, metal, ammonium or phosphonium;c = 1-6.Preferred Process: In the process, the gaseous effluent comprises at least 500 ppm by volume of oxygen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feed gas stream comprises a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or H2S, or a mixture of hydrogen and CO2 and/or H2S.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desorption membrane comprises materials consisting of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne), poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne), poly(1-trimethylgermyl-1-propyne), poly(vinyltrimethylsilane), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is composite filler, combined filler of hardened framework or hard fiberwire bind on framework. The filler is made of degradable material. The filler microorganism is 2000-4000 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing the dried bamboo shoots shell until the grain size is 0.1-2 cm. The step of (a) has a soaking time of 1-5 days. Preferred Components: The pre-processed dried bamboo shoots shell is present at 85 wt.%, and the chicken manure is present at 15 wt.%. The Zymophyte (RTM: Chinese herbal remedy produced) agent is present at 0.2 wt.%. The fermentation stack of the aerobic fermentation in the step (d) is 0.8-1.5 m height, and 1.5-2 m wide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The matrine is matrine and/or oxymatrine, or a series of alkaloid extract obtained from plants such as kuh-seng, Sophora alopecuroide and subprostrate sophora root, and its preparation. The tea saponin is extract, pure tea saponin product or mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline-earth metal carbonate is calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate. When the mixed powder is prepared using calcium carbonate powder, then the content of calcium carbonate powder in the mixed powder is 3-8 mol with respect to 10 mol of titania. When the mixed powder is prepared using strontium carbonate powder, then the content of strontium carbonate powder in the mixed powder is 4-8 mol with respect to 10 mol of titania.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Biological shaped fuel is 20 -80 mm and length of 30-80 mm of cylinder, or length of the side is cube or cuboid (20-80 mm). Molding pressure of punching forming machine is 10-60 MPa. Papermaking waste liquid can be replaced by special environment-friendly additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The peroxide is one or more of hydrogen peroxide, manganese peroxide, calcium peroxide and magnesium peroxide; and is present in the raw sizing agent at 0.05-0.2 mass%. The inorganic acid is one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid; and is present in the raw sizing agent at 0.1-1.0 mass%. The inorganic metal salt is one or more of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, iron sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, tin chloride and stannous chloride; and is present in the raw sizing agent at 0.003-0.025 mass%. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or concentrated ammonia water. The alkali solution concentration is 0.2-1.0 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw sizing agent is esterified at 150-180 degrees C. After the reaction is performed for 1-15 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 100-130 degrees C to continuously react for 1-30 minutes. Mass percentage of the straw particles treated with acid to the alkali solution is 10-20% and the soaking time is 4-24 hours. Preferred Component: The straw particles have particle size of 4-10 meshes, and are present in the raw sizing agent at 10-15 mass%. The straw particles are one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, paddy straw and broomcorn straw. The cellulose used for the enzymolysis is the cellulose commodity sold in the market or self-made according to the prior art.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solid organic waste treatment device of the box body is provided with a heating device. The heating device is a heat resistance belt. The waste inlet is provided with a gravity valve. The dry-wet separation device further comprises a liquid collecting tank. The liquid collecting tank is provided on the solid organic waste treatment device. The liquid collecting tank and the solid organic waste treatment device is provided with a buffer inclined plate. A hole is provided at the lower part of the inclined plate of the liquid collecting box. The liquid collecting tank is provided with the waste liquid treatment device for sewage outlet. The waste liquid treatment device comprises a connecting pipeline, which passes through an anaerobic reactor, an aerobic reactor and a membrane bioreactor. The anaerobic reactor comprises a closed shell body and an anaerobic filter element in the shell, and the anaerobic filter core is provided with anaerobic bacteria. The aerobic reactor is connected with the shell and is provided with aerobic filter core. The aeration device is installed on the bottom of the aerobic filter element. The membrane bioreactor comprises a reaction vessel and a biomembrane reaction vessel, where the biomembrane reaction vessel is equipped with an aeration device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The low temperature for removing ammonia nitrogen is 8-12 degrees C. Preferred Components: The first nitrous acid bacterium culture solution comprises (in g) ammonium chloride (0.0764), sodium acetate (2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2), sodium chloride (0.12), manganese sulfate (0.01), iron sulfate (0.01) and distilled water (for making up to 1l). The second nitrous acid bacterium culture solution comprises (in g) ammonium chloride (0.191), sodium acetate (2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2), sodium chloride (0.12), manganese sulfate (0.01), iron sulfate (0.01) and distilled water (for making up to 1 l). The third nitrous acid bacterium culture solution comprises (in g) ammonium chloride (0.382), sodium acetate (2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2), sodium chloride (0.12), manganese sulfate (0.01), iron sulfate (0.01) and distilled water (for making up to 1 l). The nitrous acid bacterium solid culture medium comprises (in g) ammonium chloride (0.0764), sodium acetate (2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2), sodium chloride (0.12), manganese sulfate (0.01), iron sulfate (0.01), agar-agar (20) and distilled water (for making up to 1 l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The amylase is alpha -amylase. The saccharomycetes are angel yeast. Preferred Method: The method also comprises cooling saccharified mash at 28-32 degrees C before adding nitrogen source, sylvite, magnesium salt, and saccharomycetes. The first time culturing involves vibrating at 140-180 revolutions per minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen source is urea. The sylvite is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cassava is cassava having more than 75% starch content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The backflow extracting condition includes 30-60 degrees C. The drying method in step (D) is freeze-drying or spray-drying. Preferred Component: The weight volume ratio of the material fluid is 1: 5-1: 10. The ethanol concentration is 30-95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The compound of seaweed residue comprises (wt.%) seaweed industrial residue (60-70), and wheat bran, straw, traditional Chinese medicine residues, pomace, activated sludge and/or stillage (30-40). The compost microaerophilic fermentation process comprises culture medium including seaweed residues, or compound of seaweed residue with wheat bran, straw, traditional Chinese medicine residues, pomace, activated sludge and/or stillage. The water added is 40-85% of the dry weight of compound of seaweed residue with wheat bran, straw, traditional Chinese medicine residues, pomace, activated sludge and/or stillage. The strain is bacterium, saccharomycetes, fungus and/or actinomycetes. The inoculum concentration is 0.05-0.7 wt.% of seaweed residue or compound of seaweed residue with wheat bran, straw, traditional Chinese medicine residues, pomace, activated sludge and/or stillage. In the microaerophilic fermentation process, after inoculating, when the culture medium temperature is heated at 40-50 degrees C, the culture medium is turned over and filled with oxygen; after 2-10 hours, the oxygen deficit state in the culture medium is ensured; the material is fermented for 18-26 days; when the temperature is cooled to the normal temperature, the material is aired and dried to obtain the organic seaweed fertilizer. The strain is mixed promoting agent of saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen peroxide has a mass concentration of 27.5-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid and hydrogen peroxide is 1:1-2 (preferably 1:1.4-1.6). The 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid has a mass concentration of 40-50%. Preferred Method: The oxidation reaction is done at 40-100 (preferably 60-80) degrees C and pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa for 12-24 (preferably 16-20) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol aqueous solution comprises 1-3C alcohol and water having a volume ratio of 7-8:2-3. The filtrate is concentrated to obtain extract having relative density of 1.13-1.15. The volume ratio of organic solvent to concentrated liquid is 1-3:1. The organic solvent is ethyl formate, ethyl acetate and/or butyl acetate. The acetone aqueous solution comprises acetone and water having a volume ratio of 5-7:3-5. Preferred Method: The crystallization is done by concentrating obtained water phase to obtain extract having relative density of 1.2-1.25, adjusting pH value to 1-3, and heating. The method further comprises washing the crystals with water and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of glyphosate in glyphosate solution is more than 5%. The mass ratio of solvent A and glyphosate mother liquor is 1:5-5:1. The solvent A is methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, butanone, pentanone, ethyl acetate or ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting methanol or ethanol with 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in organic solvent in the presence of organic base, adding a silicon containing compound of formula (H3C)2N-(R2)n-Si(OR1)3 and organic solvent, and subjecting to aminolysis reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The composite biological soil conditioner comprises (pts.wt.) T. pseudokoningii fermentation liquor (38-42), B. subtilis fermentation liquor (38-42), water-soluble chitin (0.5-1.5), and potassium fulvate (0.5-1.5). It further comprises decomposed organic material (5-20 pts.wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The T. pseudokoningii fermentation liquor is obtained by fermenting the T. pseudokoningii TRIPI bacterial strain (CGMCC 1443). The B. subtilis fermentation liquor is obtained by fermenting B. subtilis BACI (CGMCC 1442). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.    ADMINISTRATION - The composite biological soil conditioner is applied by diluting the soil conditioner for 100-200 times; before planting, uniformly spraying the soil conditioner to the surface of the soil at 500-2500 ml/mu according to soil fertility; and plowing or irrigating (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid content of the purifying pond slurry is 5-20%, phosphorus pentoxide is 10-20%, and the nitrogen (4-8) and the ratio is 1.15-1.3. The phosphoric acid is present at 21-30 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises diluting the test catalyst and reference catalyst with a catalyst surface area diluent. The step of testing is performed using a liquid phase reactant stream comprising acetylene (1-10 (preferably 1-5) wt.%) dissolved in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The step of testing is performed at a molar feed ratio of hydrogen:acetylene of 1:1-4:1, preferably 1.56:1. Preferred Components: The selective hydrogenation reaction conditions comprise a temperature of 100-150 degrees C, and a pressure of 150-250 psig. The catalyst surface area diluent comprises alumina. The catalyst support is a particulate support. The gas mixture comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of 2:1. The promoter comprises Group IIB metals, Group VIIB metals (both preferred), and/or Group IIIA metals, preferably indium, gallium, manganese, and/or zinc. The promoter is present at 0.1-0.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The feedstream of step (a) comprises a member including 1-pentanol and/or 1-hexanol. The process further comprises: separating the condensation products from un-reacted alcohols and gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons to produce a purified condensation product, where the un-reacted alcohols and gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons are mixed with gasoline, or optionally, the un-reacted alcohols are recycled to the contacting of step (b); and combining the purified condensation product with a diesel or kerosene- type liquid hydrocarbon fuel to produce an improved fuel, where the improved fuel possesses an attribute including increased cetane number, and/or decreased emissions of environmental pollutants during combustion. The contacting of step (b) is conducted at: 1000-300 degrees C, preferably 120-220 degrees C and at 50-5000 kPa, preferably 100-400 kPa; and a feedstream flow rate of 0.1-20 (preferably 0.5-15) per hour weight hourly space velocity. Preferred Components: The catalyst: comprises a member including tungstated zirconia (WO3/ZrO2) (preferred), acidic niobium pentoxide, acidic macroreticular ion-exchange resin, crystalline silicoaluminophosphates, and/or aluminosilicates; is impregnated with at least one promoter metals including ruthenium, rhodium, protactinium, gold, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, iron, aluminum, chromium, gallium, cobalt or magnesium; and is a microporous molecular sieve including crystalline silicoaluminophosphates or aluminosilicates. EXAMPLE - Tungstated-zirconia catalyst was crushed and sieved to -20/+40 mesh and diluted with alundum or alumina during each run (both of these diluents are inert at the reaction conditions utilized). Catalyst (12.05 g) was diluted in enough inert to make a bed (20 ml). 1-Hexanol feedstream (10 ml/hour) was delivered to the reactor with nitrogen gas (30 sccm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electrolytic treatment is anode electrolysis or cathode electrolysis. The temperature of the solution containing fluorine is 40 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The amount (Qa) of anode electrolysis is more than or equal to amount (Qc) of cathode electrolysis. Preferred Component: The solution containing the fluorine is solution of hydrofluoric acid or nitric hydrofluoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mixture is enzymatically treated for 0.5-8 hours. Preferred Components: The solid content of the cellulose fraction is 200 g dry mass/l. The cellulose hydrolase formulation has an enzyme concentration of 1-4 floating point unit/g dry biomass preprocessed material. Preferred Microorganism: The yeast is transformed such that two forms of cellulose hydrolase are displayed on cell surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Air-oxygen and calcium hydroxide are provided in the apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The gas permeable film has water-repellent property and corrugated surface for increasing surface area. The container main portion and lid have heat insulation wall. The apparatus further has a stirring unit for stirring organic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The supply ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is controlled such that the composition ratio parameter given by, 1/((3CO+4CO2)/H2), where CO2 and H2 are composition ratio (molar conversion) of carbon dioxide and hydrogen remaining in the raw material, and CO is composition ratio of carbon monoxide, and separation/recycle ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is 1-1.1, preferably 1-1.02. After reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, only water is separated without separating carbon dioxide. After reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, only water is separated without separating hydrogen. The temperature during reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is 460-550 degrees C. The temperature during reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is 250-450 degrees C. The pressure during reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is 1-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mineral acid comprises hydrochloric acid. The weight ratio of iron with respect to platinum is less than 0.05.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas-liquid mixing device comprises one air inlet pipe, an I-grade nozzle, an II-grade nozzle and a turbulence negative pressure mixing room. The air inlet pipe is inserted into the cavity of gas-liquid mixing device. One end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the I-grade nozzle. One end of the gas-liquid mixing device is connected with the II-grade nozzle. The turbulence negative pressure mixing room is arranged between the I-grade nozzle and II-grade nozzle. The other end of air inlet pipe is connected with the cyclic stirring pump and the outlet pipeline of the stock solution feeding pump. The other end of II-grade nozzle is connected with an increasing coupling, which extends to the center of the gas lifting and guiding device. The I-grade nozzle is sleeved to the II-grade nozzle. The diameter of I-grade nozzle and II-grade nozzle is large to small reducing contracting nozzle. The vertical area of turbulence negative pressure mixing room and the water flow direction is greater than the cross section area of the I-grade nozzle. The diameter of anaerobic fermentation tank is 8-25 m and the height is 12-35 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic components in the aerobic activated sludge comprise zooglea, bacteria, protozoa, and small amount of algae. The stirring process is carried out twice per day, where each time is lasts for 10 minutes. The aerobic activated sludge, which is added into the hydrolysis regulating tank can be produced after the treatment of the SBR reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The domestic garbage has high water content, drain water leachate content of 10% to 15%, and particle size of 50-80 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Forms: Lithium ion conductive solid electrolytes are pulverized electrolyte particles. Preferred Parameters: Moisture content of nitrile compound is less than or equal to 50 ppm. Preferred Components: Composition for lithium ion battery contains an active material. Preferred Processes: Lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is preserved.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The manure feed is dewatered using screw press. The centrifugal separator has separation efficiency of 90 wt.% or more for particles of 10 mu m or larger. The effluent contains more than 99 wt.%, preferably 90 wt.% of solids. The effluent comprises phosphate content of more than 70 wt.%, preferably 60 wt.%, more preferably 50 wt.%, nitrogen containing compounds of more than 20 wt.%, preferably 18 wt.%, more preferably 15 wt.%. The permeated stream is fed to biological wastewater treatment plant which comprises membrane bioreactor, nitrification reactor, denitrification reactor and performing ultra filtration step of the effluent, where the permeate effluent of the ultrafiltration step is fed to reverse osmosis device, which produces permeate that can be discharged into surface water. Preferred Device: The centrifugal type separator is evodos type separator, which comprises cylindrical outer cover which covers during solid collection supports vanes or plates that touch on its surface on the inside, where the plates are at least partially flexible and/or rotatably connected to central second carrier such that the plates are spreaded out during solid discharge after the cover is removed, and where the second carrier is positioned essentially concentrically in the cover and during solid collection and rotate at essentially the same speed as the cover. The permeate stream is connected to biological wastewater treatment plant, which produces effluent that is connected to filtration device including ultra filtration device and/or other purification devices, or reverse-osmosis setup. Preferred Components: The flocculation agent comprises biodegradable bio-flocculants or bio-coagulants and is essentially free of calcium hydroxide, ferric chloride or both. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Device: The device has unloading worm conveyors; and composting with worms it is closed on top gas with polymeric or textile material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the retaining step, the time period is 0.4-10 seconds. The method further involves separating the reaction products into an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase. Preferred Components: The extruder is a twin screw extruder. The hot compressed water is supercritical water and is present in an amount that is less than the amount of the selected polymeric material on a wt.% basis. The inner tubular spear is adjustably movable in back and forth directions within the tubular reactor so as to selectable increase or decrease the volume of the reaction zone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The acid hydration catalyst is a water soluble acid. It is selected from acetic acid, tosylate acid, and perflorinated acetic acid. The water soluble acid is selected from HCl, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and a heterotopoly acid. Acidic catalyst is a solid acid selected from an ionic exchange resin, an acidic zeolite, and a metal oxide. The butene isomers are selected from isobutene, 1-butene, 2-trans-butene and 2-cis-butene. The mixed butanol product stream comprises a majority of 2-butanol and tert-butanol. Product stream comprises 1-butanol, isobutanol, oligomerization, alkylation and etherification products of butenes and etherification products of butanols and butenes. The fixed bed of catalyst is in a downflow, upflow or counter-current flow reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The turbine generator is a backpressure turbine generator, an extraction condensing turbine generator or condensing turbine generator. The wind power generator is vertical shaft type wind power generator or a horizontal shaft type wind power generator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode is made of carbon material of graphite plate, graphite rod, carbon fiber, carbon felt, or carbon cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: The system comprises preprocessor unit for preprocessing the marine biomass. The system comprises fermenting device for producing ethanol using pre-processed marine biomass, organic waste collecting device, gasifier for gasifying the organic waste and reformer for converting the gas into synthetic gas. The system comprises reactor for synthesizing the synthetic gas into methanol. The gas is generator in the gasifier which is transferred to power generation equipment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The thickness of the organic fertilizer layer is 1 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The aerobic denitrification of sewage denitrification treatment involves dissolved oxygen of 0.2-2.5 mg/L; mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen at 3:6; the temperature at 22-40?oC; and pH 7-9.5.Preferred Component: The Methylobacterium (SDN-3) is gram-negative bacterium; the bacterium is rod-shaped and is capable of moving; the bacterial colony is round, small and orange, the edge is regular and smooth; the catalase is positive, the oxidase is positive, and different carbon sources are capable of being used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pyrolysis chamber is sequentially provided with a plenum chamber (4), a cooling chamber (5) and a separation cavity from inside to outside. The plenum chamber is connected with the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis purifying mechanism through the smoke channel. The plenum chamber is connected with the separation cavity through a smoke passage which penetrates the cooling chamber. The cooling chamber is connected with the water channel. The separation cavity is connected with the purifying mechanism through a conveying mechanism. The purifying mechanism is provided with a fuel gas output port. The plenum chamber, the cooling chamber, the separation cavity are sequentially placed around the pyrolysis chamber from inside to outside.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline matter is the ammonium bicarbonate or ammonia water, the salt is the aluminum, iron or zinc salt or other matter capable having reaction with the alkaline compound for generating the colloidal compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The composting time in step (B) lasts for 3-5 days. The high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation in step (D) comprises converting tobacco waste into methane, biogas slurry, and biogas residues. The fermentation temperature is 55-60 degrees C; and the fermentation time lasts for 15-30 days. The production raw material of efficient composite microbial fertilizer is obtained by dewatering the biogas residues produced by complete anaerobic digestion in step (E). Step (E) comprises methane utilization via cogeneration device; and recycling the heat energy produced by heat energy recycling system to satisfy the energy demand of the whole process. The biogas residues in step (E) are added into composite microbial fungicide to prepare efficient composite microbial fertilizer. The production process of efficient composite microbial fertilizer comprises blending biogas residues with other wastes and process water; adding composite microbial fungicide (3-5 mass% based on the total mass); composting aerobically at high temperature of greater than 65 degrees C; composting aerobically at high temperature of 50-65 degrees C; drying and enabling the water content of the fertilizer be less than 18%; granulating to granularity of less than or equal to 10 mm; packaging the finished product using an automatic packager; and conveying to a finished product storehouse to store. Other waste in step (C) is lignite, oil cake, and/or bean pulp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive is added in an amount of 5-8 % of the weight of the methanol. The additive comprises (wt.%) multi-carbon alcohol (75-80), ethanol (3-5), acetone (0-5), methyl tertbutyl ether (10-15), and oil compound additive (1-2). The oil compound additive comprises (wt.%) T1601 (45-55), T501 (5-10), T406 (30-40), and T1201 (5-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae are Chlorella. The culture medium used in amplification culture is liquid BG11 culture medium; and culture medium comprises (g/L) sodium nitrate (1.5), magnesium sulfate (0.075), sodium carbonate (0.02), potassium hydrogen phosphate (0.04), calcium chloride (0.036), citric acid (0.006), ferric ammonium citrate (0.006), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-disodium (0.001), and A5+co solution (1 ml/L). The seed liquor is log phase seed liquor; and the inoculum size is 2-5% total volume of the diluted biogas slurry. Preferred Processes: The method further comprises performing amplification culture to purified microalgae. The revolution speed is 8000-10000 revolutions/minute; the temperature is 4 degrees C; and centrifuging for 10-15 minutes. The biogas slurry supernatant after centrifuging is diluted for 10-15 times. The culture conditions involve room temperature, natural illumination and aerobic culture. The microalgae are collected when OD value is basically invariable; and the method for collecting the microalgae is centrifuging method. The microalgae is further dried by drying oven and ground by mortar after collecting microalgae and before extracting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The high-temperature decomposing agent comprises actinomycetes (40-60%), saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus; has total viable bacterial count of 5\107 to 1x 108 units/g; and is used at 15-20 kg/100 m3 raw materials. The EM formulation is used at 1-2 kg EM stock solution/100 m3 raw materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer is 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. The synergistic agent is a solution of silicon, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and microelements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum, which is diluted 1000 times with water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlormequat chloride is a solution containing paclobutrazol, which is diluted 1000 times with water. The organic raw materials comprise dried and crushed organic waste after growing mushroom in culture medium which takes cereal straws as raw material, and soil at volume ratio of 5-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The assistant is selected from gypsum, magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The methane generated during the anaerobic fermentation is recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of Bacillus thuringiensis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Cellulosimicrobium in the flora is 1:1:1:1. The concentration of flora suspension liquid is 5-107/ml. The ratio of maize straw powder, a flora suspension liquid, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and zinc sulfate heptahydrate in the mixture accounts to 100:3:0.94:0.38:0.05. The amount of the flora suspension liquid added to the amount of the maize straw powder added is 2.5 ml/100g. The amount of water added accounts to 65-75% the total mass of the compost.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alkali used in step (A) is ammonia water or sodium hydroxide. The acid is hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mother liquid after nanofiltration and concentration contains D-hydroxyphenylglycine (50-60 g/L).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The nanofiltration film used in the nanofiltration method to concentrate the mother liquor has molecular weight cutoff of 100-150 Da.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves adding 70% ethanol (20 times). The step (c) involves regulating the pH of the mixture to 4. The step (d) is performed at 54 degrees C and 26kHz for 66 minutes. The step (g) involves recovering ethanol having purity of 40%. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline substance is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide. The biological ash is obtained after combusting plant materials. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material is chosen from wheat bran, straw or mushroom or their combinations. The carrageenan algae residue can be compounded with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate or microelement or their combinations to obtain organic and inorganic fertilizer. The residue comprises (in wt.%): organic fertilizer (10-50%) and inorganic fertilizer (50-90%). The inorganic fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): urea (preferably 10-30), monopotassium phosphate (preferably 10-30) and trace element (5-20, each), where the trace element is chosen from zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum or iron or their combinations and potassium (preferably 5-30) and ammonium sulfate (5-15, each). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The methane outlet pipe of methane tank is connected with biogas digesters of the production illumination system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing anaerobic fermentation process and pressure reduction process simultaneously. The high nitrogen-containing wastewater is a liquid component which is obtained by spin-dehydrating solid organic waste. Preferred Apparatus: The methane fermentation unit comprises upward flow type anaerobic-treatment tank with solid-liquid separation unit (5) for removing solid substance during anaerobic fermentation process. The pressure reduction process unit comprises a decompression device (25) in the anaerobic fermenter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The curve is obtained by parallel displacement of the saturated vapor pressure line by -0.5 kmole/m3 in ordinate axis direction. The process further involves locating low-temperature and high-pressure phase diagram of ammonia from equal-enthalpy line which connect saturated-vapor-pressure line or equal-enthalpy line. The method involves analyzing moisture content in system satisfies: the ratio of mass of water, and biomass and mass of water less than or equal to 0.15. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process is conducted in a continuous manner. The volume of Bayer process stream passed to the reactor vessel is diluted prior to or during addition to the reactor vessel, where the diluent is provided in the form of a Bayer process waste water, has a total alkalinity (TA) of below 25 g/l, and has a total caustic (TC) of below 15 g/l. The diluted Bayer process stream is 15-35 (preferably 22)% of Bayer process stream. The diluted Bayer process stream has a TA of 69-90 g/l and a TC of 52-66 g/l. The pH in step (b) is less than 11 (preferably 9-10.5). In the process, at least 40 mass.% of non-oxalate organic carbon present is destroyed in step (b). The non-oxalate organic carbon comprises one or more of malonate, succinate, formate or acetate. The oxalate is (10-60 (preferably 30) g/L) added to the Bayer process stream prior to or during addition to the reactor vessel. In the process, an effluent from a separate biological oxalate destruction process is added to the Bayer process stream prior to or during addition to the reactor vessel. In the process comprises additionally provided a carbonation step. The Bayer process stream and any diluent, is subjected to the carbonation step. The carbonation step is conducted concurrently with destruction of the organics in the reactor vessel. The process further comprises an initial step in which the Bayer process stream is oxidatively treated to break down organics. The organics broken down by the initial step include organics having a molecular weight of 500-1000 (lower than at least 1000), which may be subsequently broken down by the bacteria in the reactor vessel. The oxidative treatment comprises UV, chemical, temperature and/or pressure treatment, or with peroxide or ozone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The profiled rail has many rail mountings for fixing the rail on biogas tank, and the clamping tab is tensioned by a clamping screw against the rail mountings. The clamping tab is tensioned by clamping screw against a support plate, which extends into a gap connected between the leg and the adjoining, outwardly angled wings. The outwardly angled wings are connected to the both ends of two legs. The distance between the two legs is reduced from the base to the free ends of the legs. The profiled rail comprises steel. The length of the legs is greater than the width of the base. The material thickness of the base, the legs and the wings is the same. The legs extend in a bent manner. The base is spaced away from the top of the container wall than at the bottom. The two adjacent profile rails are connected together by a plug connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Temperature during dissolving process is maintained during separation process to obtain natural sedimentation of clay mineral aggregate. Aggregation adjuvant which assists sodium salt or other clay mineral aggregation is added to dispersion medium. Preferred Conditions: Minimum temperature for freezing treatment of clay mineral dispersion liquid is less than or equal to 20 degrees C. Preferred Components: Dispersion medium of clay mineral dispersion liquid is water or aqueous solution. Bentonite is used as ore object.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst includes: at least one support comprising oxides of aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, silicon, titanium or cerium; at least one transition metal based active material comprising nickel, rhodium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium or cobalt; and at least one promoter comprising sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iron or copper. The filtering structure is formed using any one of a metal mesh, a metal fiber, or a sintered body of metal powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dry reforming reaction and steam reforming reaction are conducted at 650-900 degrees C. The method further comprises selectively removing impurities from a surface of the filtering structure before coating the filtering structure with a catalyst for converting methane and carbon dioxide into synthesis gas. EXAMPLE - Filter made of iron chromium and aluminum was coated with a catalyst and a support, A coating solution was prepared using alumina-ceria mixture powder having a particle size of 1 mu m, alumina sol solution and a palladium salt (palladium nitrate). The filter was washed with methanol and then heat-treated at 600 degrees C for 2 hours to remove impurities from the surface before the filter was coated, the filter coated with a catalyst and a support was dried by a air-knife at 120 degrees C for 4 hours to remove water, and was then sintered at 800 degrees C to form a catalytic filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives for increasing detonation of butanol are 2-ethylhexanol nitrate, tetrahydrofurfuryl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Anaerobic digestion utilization is performed by obtaining two phases, where urban sewage is transformed into methane gas, pressurized liquid fertilizer, dry fertilizer, animal protein, sanitized water and drinking water to obtain phase A. Treated effluent is received for balanced process with rich agents, where organic matter is decomposed and mixed with treated effluent to obtain phase B. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating in step (A) is carried out in constant-pressure distillation in distillation kettle or direct heating in the container. The optimum temperature of constant-pressure distillation or direct heating is 220 degrees C. Each 1 L of biological asphalt in step (C) is added with 1 plus minus 0.2 mL, or 2 plus minus 0.2 mL, or 3 plus minus 0.2 mL of latex asphalt modifier of chloroprene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system separates suspended material from the liquid ingredient which is floated and separated, and injected by the hydrolysis tub. The system further comprises floating detachment tank for inflowing to the anaerobic digester including the fat ingredient and the fibrous material component which may not be floated and separated and remains behind among the liquid ingredient coming out of the acid fermenter. The system further comprises blower for removing the ammoniacal nitrogen formed within the hydrolysis tub, and second heating unit for heating the acid fermenter. The system transfers the effluent processed at the hydrolysis tub to the acid fermenter or anaerobic digester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anti-seepage layer is high density polyethylene impermeable layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological oil is vegetable oil or animal fat. The vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, colza oil, corn oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, tung oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, sunflower seed oil and rice bran oil, and animal fat comprises includes butter, lard, mutton fat and fish oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological grease comprises vegetable oil or animal fat, where the vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, colza oil, corn oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, tung oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, sunflower seed oil and/or rice bran oil, and the animal fat comprises butter, lard, mutton fat and/or fish oil. Preferred Composition: The amount of hydrogenation active component is 0.01-0.50%. The volume of reactant passed to catalyst bed comprising low content of hydrogenation active component is 10-80% of the total volume of the hydrogenation active component in catalyst bed. The amount of diesel oil and/or unconverted oil recycled to the reaction system is 50% of the amount of the biological grease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological grease comprises vegetable oil or animal fat, where vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, colza oil, corn oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, tung oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, sunflower seed oil and/or rice bran oil and the animal oil comprises butter, lard, mutton fat and fish oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas recycled is more than 0.005vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biological grease mixed with other raw material (less than 50wt.%) is selected from petroleum fraction, coal liquefaction oil, coal tar or shale oil. The amount of the active component of the hydrogenation catalyst utilized at low temperature is 3-20wt.%. The amount of active component of the hydrogenation catalyst utilized at high temperature is 15-40wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The preparation of the fertilizer comprises: providing the powder according to above mentioned ratio and mixing together, agitating it for 240 minutes in an agitator, removing it out to place it into a crusher to crush into grains, which are 200 meshes, placing the grains it into an agitator to agitate for 240 minutes, removing it out and totally pouring into a fermentation pool, adding 1:1 of dung powder according to the ratio and agitating into stack, compacting and fermenting it for 50 hours by a practical plastic cloth, turning it for the first time from the upper layer to the lower layer, from the inner layer to the outer layer, from inner edge to outside and from outside to inside, adding 1:1 of dung powder to agitate into a stack uniformly after turning, compacting and fermenting it for 50 hours by a practical plastic cloth, turning it for the second time similar to the turning method, stacking into a stack and fermenting it for 72 hours, placing the fermented nutrition fertilizer into a die which is 15 cm high, 10 cm wide and 7 cm long to compact into nutrient fertilizer block, which is legal nutrient fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The bio-organic fertilizer further comprises an organic nitrogen fertilizer, oil cake and a biological synergist. Preferred Components: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises animal and plant residual bodies or a carrier of the urban large-scale sewage treatment plant or an industrial scale carrier, and the microbes, comprising Azotobacter, high-temperature spores, filamentous fungi, baisdiomycetes, saccharomycetes and/or actinomycetes. The animal and plant residual bodies comprise animal dung, blood powder, bone powder and/or agriculture industrialization crop straw, and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The biological synergist comprises effective viable microbial cells (cfu) ( greater than or equal to 50 million/g (ml)), total nutrients comprising nitrogen, diphosphorus trioxide and potassium oxide ( greater than or equal to 5%), miscellaneous microbial rate ( less than or equal to 15%) and pH (3-8). The industrial scale carrier is distillery stillage, vinegar residue of a vinegar factory, rice husk of a rice and flour processing plant and/or sawdust of a wood processing plant. The bio-organic fertilizer is a powder. The material to be biologically fermented comprises the animal dung, the blood powder, the bone powder, the carrier of the sewage treatment plant, the rice husk, the distillery stillage, the vinegar residue and the nitrogen fertilizer. Preferred Method: The method further comprises steps after bio-fermentation, comprising adding the organic matter, which is not biologically fermented and the organic nitrogen fertilizer, drying, crushing, adding the biological synergist, and packaging in an automatic packaging machine. The bio-fermentation is flat-floor stacking bio-fermentation, bio-fermentation tank bio-fermentation or tower bio-fermentation tank bio-fermentation. The drying is carried out at a low-temperature, and is stopped when the moisture content meets the requirement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises active aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide or active alumina and silicon dioxide mixture. The module is in jatropha oil, colza oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, palm oil and sunflower seed oil with vegetable oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural calcium-base powder rich in calcium and magnesium contains magnesium carbonate, calcite, dolomite, limestone, poultry, egg shells, oysters and/or crab shell powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 12-22C fatty acid is lauric acid, lauryl acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, peanut acid and/or erucic acid of the mixed fatty acids. The heating step is carried out in the presence of nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The use method comprises putting sewage treatment material in sewage containing nitrate nitrogen, keeping water temperature at 20-25 degrees C, stirring, everyday detecting nitrate nitrogen concentration, pouring the supernatant, adding water to nitrate nitrogen, and domesticating the active sludge and water washing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mass ratio of FeCl3.6H2O, CuSO4.5H2O, KI, MnCl2.4H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, H3BO3, Na2MnO4.2H2O, or EDTA is 0.45: 0.009: 0.054: 0.036: 0.036: 0.045: 0.045: 0.018: 3. The generated substance is pale yellow hard solid block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alcohol is prepared by using liquid state medium blasting lignocellulose raw material, preferably industrial raw material. Preferred Components: The other medium is water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, butanone, ether, propyl ether, formaldehyde, aldehyde, formic acid or acetic acid. The cellulose material is Chinese distilled spirit spent grains or straw. The moisture content of the Chinese distilled spirit fresh spent grains is 5-80%. The moisture content of the Chinese distilled spirit dry spent grains is 5-15%. The moisture content of the straw is 5-15%, and the size of the straw is 0.1-3 cm. The composite saccharifying enzyme is cellulase, xylanase and beta -glucosidase. The yeast is Anqi alcohol yeast or Candida shehatae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The blasting cylinder is provided with the pressure gauge and the thermometer. The clamping sleeve is located on the outside of the blasting cylinder. The clamping sleeve is provided with an electric heating pipe or a steam heating pipe. The blasting cylinder is supported by the blasting frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nutrient solution comprises (in wt.%): manganese sulfate (0.5), magnesium sulfate (0.5), calcium chloride (0.1), ferrous sulfate (0.1) and the balance of water. The pH of the nutrient solution is 7.4. The amount of nutrient solution added to the straw treatment after purification is 25-40%. The mass ratio of the straw degrading microbial agent and the fermentation substrate is 1:3-7, where the concentration of the microbial colony is (1x 107)-(7x 108) cfu/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amount of the bio-bacteria liquid is 0.5-2%, preferably 0.5%, 1% or 2% to the restaurant-kitchen waste. The concentration of B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. natto, B. subtilis and L. plantarum is 6x 108/ml-8x 108/ml. The amount of the mixed enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% to the restaurant-kitchen waste. The mass ratio of amylase, cellulose, lipase, protease and pectinase is 0.8-1.2:0.6-0.8:0.6-0.8:0.8-1.2:0.8-1, preferably 1:0.6:0.8:1:0.7. The B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. natto, B. subtilis and L. plantarum are obtained by culturing on slants, one-stage shake flask and two-stage shake flask.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dermal collagen fiber is manufactured by weighing tanning waste liquid containing chromium secondary; and softening, acidifying, enzyme processing using 50-200% water and normal temperature, penetrating agent JFC (0.1-0.5%), oxalic acid (1-5%), and compound enzyme skin collagen processing agent F (0.10-0.4%). A liquid ratio is adjusted. The penetrating agent JFC and oxalic acid are added and turned for 10-40 minutes. The compound enzyme skin collagen processing agent F is added and turned for 30-90 minutes and stopped for 10-60 minutes. The pH value is adjusted to plus minus 2.4 at 40 degrees C. The technical requirements include 50-200% water, the temperature of 30-45 degrees C, and baking soda of 0.5-1.5%. The baking soda is added and turned for 30-120 minutes. The pH is adjusted to 5-6.5. The water fiber is extruded. The water obtained by fiber cake water content is 60-70%. Drying is carried out to 30-35 wt.%. The fiber cake stacked for 1-2 days is collected to balance water. The fiber cake stack time is not greater than 10 days. The fiber cake is accurately weighed. The composite oil is regulated at 5-20%. The fiber cake is added in a drum. Normal temperature water is added. Oil is emulsified for 10-60 minutes. The real skin collagen fiber is separated. Combing is conducted according to the separating loose of the dermal collagen fiber for 1-3 times, to obtain dermal collagen fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The cathode chamber wall of the combustion chamber is made of organic glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is made of carbon felt or carbon paper. The cathode electrode is made of carbon felt, carbon paper, carbon felt filler or molybdenum carbon paper. Preferred Method: The Chlorella inoculating concentration is according to OD680=0.5. The formulation of anode liquid comprises ammonium hypochlorite. The method uses (g/L) sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) (31), Na2HPO4 (2.452), and potassium chloride (KCl) (4.576). The glucose is a group consisting of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 or 4 g/L. The formulation of phosphoric acid buffer salt comprises (g/L) NaH2PO4 (2.452), Na2HPO4 (4.576), and KCl (0.13). The BGll culture medium comprises (g/L) sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (1.5), potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) (20), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) (0.075), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) (0.036), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (0.02), citric acid (0.006 g/L), disodium-EDTA (0.006), boric acid (0.001), manganese sulfate (0.061), water (0.169), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) (0.287), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) (0.0025), and ammonium molybdate (0.0125).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel oil is soybean oil, peanut oil, colleseed oil, palm oil or swill-cooked dirty oil. The ratio of EL-12 (RTM: emulsifying agent) to Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate) is 0.9-1.1. Preferred Process: The addition of water is to slowly adding into water while stirring materials at constant speed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The method comprises putting fish oil with acid value of less than 10 mg K0H/g into reaction container; heating in water bath at 50-60 degrees C; adding with 1.2-1.5 mass% sodium hydroxide while stirring, such that total mass is 6-6.5 times of methanol; reacting for 40-60 minutes after taking out from water bath; quickly cooling at room temperature with water; standing and layering reaction liquid for 2-3 hours; recycling lower glycerol; neutralizing upper layer solution with distilled water at 50-60 degrees C; contacting upper layer solution with 15% anhydrous sodium sulfate for 12-14 hours; and separating via centrifuge to obtain yellow clear and transparent biodiesel product.
EXAMPLE - Fresh chicken manure (55 wt.%), Pleurotus eryngii bacteria bran (27 wt.%) and inorganic fertilizer solid raw material (18 wt.%) were mixed uniformly, and then inoculated the mixture was in Aspergillus oryzae (6 wt.%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 wt.%), Bacillus subtilis (2 wt.%) and photosynthetic bacteria (2 wt.%). The thickness of the material was 50-60 cm, piled and fermented for 15 days at normal temperature in the fermentation process for 2 times to obtain the biological water scavenging agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mass flow ratio of pyridine and chlorine in the step (a) is 1:6. The mass flow ratio of chlorine in the step (b) is 0.6. The mass flow ratio of chlorine in the step (c) is 0.5. The mass flow ratio of chlorine in the step (d) is 0.4. The chlorination kettle temperature in the step (a)-(d) is 190-200 degrees C. The process comprises: combination of (a) and (b), (a), (b) and (c), (a) (b), (c) and (d), (e) adding crude 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine and vacuum rectifying to obtain refined 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine. In the process, each step of the exhaust water to absorb the production of hydrochloric acid in the exhaust gas containing excess chlorine is recycled after treatment. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum oxide is neutral aluminum oxide having a granularity of 200-300 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is ethanol solution (95-99%) and adding amount is 1-3 times the amount of raw materials. Preferred Method: The dialyzing step is performed at 50-60 degrees C and under 6-10 MPa dialysis pressure .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The traditional Chinese medicinal residues contain no other components and Western medicinal materials which inhibit growth of microorganisms used for fermentation, where the water content of residue is 75-80% and pH of the residue is 5-6. The method involves processing the traditional Chinese medicinal residues into uniform size having length of less than 2 cm, pre-processing the materials, adding biogas liquid and water to the materials and piling up the materials, mixing the materials uniformly, piling up the materials every day during turning the materials, where the piling up process is carried out for 3-5 days, adding the materials into the anaerobic fermentation reactor, adding water to the TS materials, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 8.5 using sodium hydroxide, adding biogas (0.1-0.15 m3 of biogas slurry as inoculum) to the mixture and performing anaerobic fermentation for 1-2 days to produce 1.2-1.4 m3 of biogas/m3 of fermentation reactor, where hydraulic retention time is 7-10 days, biogas methane content is 60-65% and biogas slurry reflux ratio is 10-20%. The method involves extracting the residues using solid-liquid separator for obtaining organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer. The piling up process is carried out for 3-4 days at 5 degrees C. The fermentation reactor is continuously-fed reactor or intermittently-fed reactor. Preferred Components: The raw materials are straw. The water added is pharmaceutical wastewater having chemical oxygen demand (COD) value of 500-1000 mg/l. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-water-soluble organic solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate or propyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The pulse generator further comprises pulse control means (116) for controlling at least one of the pulse width and pulse amplitude of the circuit output signal. The pulse control means is a pico-second triggered chip. The resolution of the circuit output signal is selectively adjustable to one, four, eight, or sixteen signals/rpm, based upon the required resolution of the apparatus to be controlled. The single circuit output signal is electrically coupled to an electrolytic cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The livestock manure is aged for one year. The food scrapped fermented compost is aged for 30 days. The bamboo leaf tea fermented manure is aged for 4 months. Preferred Method: The method involves sprinkling the above-mentioned vegetative composition on soil (1-10 cm). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide is isolated from Trametes versicolor (white-rot fungus). Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme having cellulase enhancing activity is a glycoside hydrolase, preferably glycoside hydrolase 61 (GH61) family. Preferred Method: The method further involves using cellulase or cellulases. The pretreated biomass is cellulolytic material or lignin and the formed sugars are converted to ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base is selected from sodium bicarbonate and/or dolomite. The BTU source of the fuel object consists of: 60-70 wt.% of switch grass; 30-40 wt.% of wood fiber; about 2-3 wt.% of an inorganic base; and about 8-14 wt.% of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Object: The fuel object comprises a cubic or cylindrical unit with a side dimension of 2 to 6 cm. The fuel object comprises 60-80 wt.% of a particulate derived from switch grass having a particle size of about 80 to 25000 microns; 20-40 wt.% of a wood fiber having a particle size of about 100 to 30000 microns; 1-10 wt.% of sodium bicarbonate; and less than about 14% of water. EXAMPLE - A fuel object derived from switch grass and wood was produced and was found to be free of coal. The switch grass fuel object was cylindrical in shape with a length of 5.4 cm and a diameter of 2.6 cm. The object showed volume of 14.04 cm3; and moisture content of 8.27 wt.%. The object comprised particulate derived from switch grass having fiber size 80 to 25000 microns (63.2 wt.%); particulate derived from wood fiber having fiber size of 100 to 30000 microns (34.4 wt.%); and sodium bicarbonate as inorganic base (2.4 wt.%). In testing, this switch grass fuel object provided about 7386 BTU/pound (lb.).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture is formed of particles consisting of crystals of X or LSX zeolite and zeolite exchanged with cations agglomerated together. The mixture is formed of particles of zeolite X or LSX and zeolite particles exchanged by cations. The zeolite exchanged by cations is a zeolite X or LSX. The zeolite exchanged by cations is exchanged by calcium- and barium-cations (10-90%, preferably 10-50%) (both preferred), magnesium-, strontium- and/or lithium- cations. The adsorber comprises: a single bed of adsorbent material; and a first bed to remove at least partially water from a gas stream and a second bed comprising the adsorbent material. Preferred Process: The zeolites X or LSX and zeolites exchanged with cations are distributed uniformly or substantially uniformly in the material. The process is a temperature swing adsorption process. The process of manufacturing (I) comprises: placing the particles of X or LSX zeolite and the X or LSX zeolite exchanged by calcium and barium cations in a container comprising a residual vacuum of at least 15%, and (b) subjecting the container to rotation along an axis different from the axis of symmetry of the container; and simultaneously introducing the particles of X or LSX zeolite and the X or LSX zeolite exchanged with barium and calcium cations into an inline mixer, and then passing the mixture to an intermediate storage or packages for delivering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Recombinant Methods (disclosed): The microorganism (A1) is prepared by standard recombinant method. Preferred Components: The microorganism is autotrophic, thermophilic or hyperthermophilic. The microorganism, or its variant or progeny expresses a 16S rRNA that has at least 90% (preferably 95%, especially 98%) sequence identity to the full length of the sequence of 16S rRNA of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Delta H (SEQ ID NO: 1), as available on WIPO website. The isolated microorganism is preferably a) a microorganism of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain UC 120910 (deposited on December 21, 2010, with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under ATCC Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-11561); b) a variant of (a), or (c) a progeny of (a), where the variant or progeny retains the carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion phenotypic characteristics of (a). Preferred Kit: In the kit, the microorganism or culture or monoculture is cryopreserved; or the kit comprises an amount of the microorganism or culture or monoculture that is ready to use in a system for methane production.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The biological reactor comprises at least a first chamber comprising cathode, the microorganism, and water, and a second chamber containing at least an anode, where the system further comprises a source of electricity coupled to the anode and the cathode, a supply of carbon dioxide coupled to the first chamber, and an outlet to receive methane from the first chamber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dry fermentation system comprises stirring device for mixing the rice hull and pig effluent. The ratio of pig effluent to rice hull charcoal is 1:3. The fermenter is capable of injecting mixture from the stirring device. The dryer is capable of fermenting mixture into compost. The system comprises outer jacket in which the rice hulls inlet port for injecting the rice hulls is formed in upper part and path of hot air moves spirally inside, from top to down direction. The system comprises inside jacket for completely ejecting the hot air to the hot air inlet port. The system comprises heat transfer pipe in which hot air is installed in the outer jacket. The device comprises hot-air blower installed at the outside, such that hot air is injected, when connected with the hot air inlet port of the outer jacket. The device comprises multiple heating wires for igniting the rice hulls when installed at the lower part of the outer jacket. The system comprises blower for supplying oxygen to the lower part of the hot air port. The system comprises exhausting part for ejecting the rice hull charcoal. The fermenter comprises dry plate in which the dryer are installed in top and bottom within the main body in multi-stage. The system comprises hot air delivery tube in which the hot air is delivered from external heating source, when installed at the lower part of dry plate. The heating source supplies the hot air of high temperature in hot air delivery tube. The fermenter comprises shaft installed with respect to central axis of the main body. The compost is dried using dryer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microorganism is winter Amanita vaginata KACC 93116P. The culture medium for the above strain comprises (in g): glucose (10), ammonium tartrate (0.5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate (3), sodium chloride (1), manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1), phosgene (0.1), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.1), copper sulfate (0.1), nitrilotriacetic acid (1.5), thiamine-hydrochloric acid (0.5mg) and aluminum potassium sulfate (10 mg). The pH of the culture medium is 4.5. The by-product generated during glycosylation of biomass using supercritical water among ethanol production process using lignin residue, is wood composite biomass (lignocellulosic biomass). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Compositions: Addition amount of ground material of seed of Perilla frutescens is 0.0004-7.1% (w/v) dry material weight. Alcohol fermentation microorganism is yeast, Zymomonas genus bacteria, or zymobacter genus bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The temperature in the drying zone and in the pyrolysis zone is 450-900 degrees C, preferably 500-550 degrees C, and the temperature in the incandescent zone is 500-600 degrees C. The oxygen supply is controlled depending on the amount of water in the lignite. Preferred Components: The gas emerging from the reactor and comprising pyrolysis gas, optionally after desulfurization, contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, short-chain hydrocarbons, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (d) of method (M1) or (M2) involves performing mechanical treatment by subjecting suspension rich microorganism to mechanical treatment by subjecting suspension rich microorganism to a volumetric power input of 1-500 kW/m3, preferably 1-200 kW/m3, more preferably 1-100 kW/m3 for 0.1-60 minutes, preferably 1-30 minutes, more preferably 1-10 minutes, where the mechanical treatment is chosen from treatment with mixer, homogenizer and mill, and the mechanical treatment can add mechanical shearing stress or grinding force to the microorganism and disrupt cell membranes. The step (d) involves performing chemical treatment using chemical agents chosen from salts, organic solvents and enzymes. The step (e) further involves adding beta -glucosidase. The step (e) further involves processing soluble sugars to ethanol. Preferred Medium: The growth medium comprises lignocellulosic biomass which has been pretreated. Preferred Component: The part A of the pretreated slurry comprises (in wt.%) dry solids (1-20, preferably 1-5). Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is fungus chosen from Trichoderma sp. and Talaromyces sp.. Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme with cellulolytic or hemicellulolytic activity has one or more activities chosen from cellobiohydrolase type I or II (CBH I or CBH II), endocellulase (EG) type I, II, III or IV, beta-glucosidase (BGL), esterase, exohemicellulase and endohemicellulase. The exohemicellulase and endohemicellulase are chosen from xylanase, xylosidase, xylobiose, arabinase, arabinofucosidase, mannanase, mannosidase, galactase and galactosidase. Preferred Sugars: The soluble sugars obtained in step (e) comprise monomeric 5C or 6C sugars, preferably glucose or xylose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The decomposed organic matter is prepared by fermenting 50-75 parts by weight of crushed crop straw, 15-30 parts by weight of cake, 5-20 parts by weight of excrement for live stock and 1-2 parts by weight of composite microbial fermentation fungicide, and drying them until the water content is 25-35%. The Trichoderma fermentation liquor and the actinomycetes fermentation liquor are fermented; the bacterial living index of the Trichoderma fermentation liquor is 1x 107/ml; and the bacterial living index of the actinomycetes fermentation liquor is 1x 108/ml. The crop straw is the remained crop residue containing higher fiber component after the seed is harvested, comprising a straw of multiple crops such as cereal, bean, tubers, oil plants, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, melon and fruit, where the cake is bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake or rape cake, and the composite microbial fermentation fungicide is prepared by the intermediate culture of Trichoderma koningii, white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus releasing bacteria and potassium releasing bacteria according to the ratio of 15:15:15:25:10:10:10. The Trichoderma strain is Trichoderma pseudokoningii and the actinomycetes strain is Bacillus subtilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil is vegetable oil, animal oil, microorganism oil or waste oil. The vegetable oil is castor oil, colza oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm oil fatty acids, Sorbifolia oil and/or tung oil. The tung oil is fish oil and/or lard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The crude membrane is a metal membrane or ceramic membrane of 20-100 nm, preferably metal membrane with 5-20 nm, or organic membrane with interception molecular weight of 500-20000 D, preferably more than 20000 D. The lipase is derived from microorganisms comprising yeast, fungi and/or bacteria. The lipase is from Candida antarctica, Rhizomucor miehei, Thermomyces lanuginosus or Aspergillus oryzae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The short chain alcohol is added intermittently in batches for several times in a continuous manner. The short-chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and/or pentanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The raw material is korean pine, oak, bamboo, rice straw, barley stick, Phragmites communis, mulberry, arrowroot, wormwood stalk, cypress timber, Perilla frutescens, rice hulls, Ginkgo biloba, Malus pumila var. dulcissima, fig tree, bupleuri radix, cinnamon tree, Acacia, trifoliate orange tree, grapefruit, or Gardenia. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer is decomposed chicken manure. ACTIVITY - Antimicorbial; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The coal gas heater is a tubular furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The animal manure is pig manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of grinded magnesium metal and rare-earth element is of 75-100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The extracting temperature is 45-65 degrees C. The extracting pressure is 28-42MPa, and the extracting time is 1-2.5 hours. The extraction is performed using ethanol, where carbon dioxide flow rate during extraction is 40 l/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system utilizes water, steam, compressed air and tail gas (marsh gas power generation) for complete thermal deformation of a plastic film. The system carries out cooling of a tail gas integrated device of the system by using water. The residual material is prepared into an agricultural fertilizer after fermenting, dehydrating, drying, crushing, sterilizing, mixing and pelleting. A lower bucket lifting device is provided for recycling the metal, glass and plastic materials in the urban waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Total solids of blue-green algae in the blue-green algae water is 3.95% and volatile suspended solid is 3.46%. The mass ratio of blue-green algae water and pig manure is 8:1 and 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic digestion is generated in a four-box room baffle reactor at middle temperature of 35 degrees C for 2 months. The debugging of the four-box room baffle reactor comprises mixing the blue-green algae water and pig manure in the reactor, introducing nitrogen gas and causing the anaerobic state, fermenting at 35 degrees C in the reactor, adding the blue-green algae water after ultrasonic breaking discontinuously in regular time, and determining the amount of mixed liquor suspended solids, and mixed liquor volatile solids of the discharged matters and the digestion generated gas and the concentration of methane or hydrogen gas until the reactor enters the stable running state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracting process is performed at 40-60 degrees C. The pH of the liquid is adjusted using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid. The column is eluted using 40-80% of ethanol. The polyamide column is 120-200 mesh size. The concentration of ethanol in step (d) is 50-99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macroporous resin is XDA-5, S-8 or ADS-II.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The edible oil is waste edible oil chosen from kerosene oil, light oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil and cutting oil. Preferred Method: The method further involves ventilating a warm air to the dry fermented material for further reducing the moisture content in the dry fermented material. The method further involves adding edible oil to the dry fermentation tank. The warm air is passed to the fermentation tank for air dilution of the waste gas of a boiler or an incinerator. The moisture content at the time of the fermentation start of the organic waste is 30-60 weight%. The fermentation is performed using aerobic thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus, Thermus, Actinomycetes or Actinomyces. The fermentation is performed at 60-80 degrees C. The method involves using a part of dry fermented material as inoculum for another fermentation process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step of fracturing, the mixture is separated into liquid and water-insoluble phase, which is formed in a pellets or another form. The method comprises mixing the components in the mixture to active sludge (10-30 wt.%). The fractionation step comprises heat treating the self-possessed mixture at 120-210 degrees C, at atmospheric pressure. In the method, after the tempering and separating step the vapor phase is condensed and returned to the mixing step of plant components. The temperature is conducted via supply of preliminarily isolated liquid phase to the rectification column and with drawals of distilled and residual fractions. The heat treating step is carried out by heat treating the aged mixture to the horizon of semi-finished product that is intermittently fed with fine particulate water (0.1-1.5 l/min-100 cm2) of the surface of the heated semi-finished product. In the method, after the step of mixing and grinding of plant components in the resulting mixture additionally added to at least one or more components (1-20 wt.%) comprising light bitumen, wax, masut, light tars, or 10-20C liquid paraffin. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The sea water desalination system further has motive power collection apparatus (34) which collects the pressure energy of the secondary concentrated water and tertiary concentrated water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In process, the biomass is further added to the step (ii), when the pH of the reaction mixture in step (i) lies at 5.5-8. The process is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to 300 degrees C. In step (ii), the temperature is higher than in step (i). The step (i) is carried out at a temperature of 100-180 degrees C and/or step (ii) at a temperature of above 180-230 degrees C. The biomass concentration of the reaction mixture to be heated in step (i) is 10-50 (preferably 20-40) wt.%. Preferred Components: The base comprises potassium hydroxide, ammonia, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide. In step (i), the ratio B of base equivalents and biomass glucose equivalents is 0.3-2. EXAMPLE - Saccharose (100 g) was dissolved in water (200 ml) and calcium hydroxide (20 g) was added to the mixture, under slight heating. The mixture was heated in an autoclave at 130 degrees C for 60 minutes to form brownish, cloudy dispersion having a pH of 6, and then further saccharose (100 g) was dissolved in water (250 ml) followed by hydrothermal carbonization at 210 degrees C for 3 hours to form artificial humic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The beneficial microorganism is mixed Bacillus bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. The microbial active agent is added to substance containing silicon and dissolved in acid solvent to process ionization and then gelation inhibitor is added to form the liquid microbial active agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent with silicon is prepared by mixing a substance containing silicon with an alkali substance and heating to below hot melting temperature of silicon. The alkali substance comprises limestone containing calcium carbonate. The substance containing silicon also contains magnesium or magnesium compound. The substance is cement, intermediate product of cement, blast-furnace slag or coal burning ash. The acid solvent is diluted hydrochloric acid. The gelation inhibitor is acetic acid, ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: degumming (100) at least one of silk cocoon, silk yarn or silk waste by soaking in water to obtain a degumming solution; and removing the degumming solution to obtain the silk fibers. The degumming step further comprises heating the water to the soak silk cocoon, silk yarn or silk waste. The step (a) comprises: extracting many organic solution fractions from the silk fibers by contacting the silk fibers with the solvents; and pooling the organic solutions to obtain the first solution. The step (b) comprises adding aqueous sodium chloride to the first solution. The step (c) comprises: separating the aqueous phase from the non-aqueous phase; adding anhydrous sodium sulfate to the separated non-aqueous phase; and evaporating the separated aqueous phase to dryness. The step (d) comprises dissolving the dried residue in hexane and ethyl acetate. The second solution is filtered through a syringe filter. EXAMPLE - Sample of silk cocoons (1 plus minus 0.0002 g) was degummed with distilled water (30 ml) at 121 degrees C for 15 minutes. The degummed cocoons were fourfold extracted with 30 ml of hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate (3:2:1 volume ratio) with 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (wt/vol.) until it became colorless. For the pigmented-sericin solution, the extraction was done in an amber glass separating funnel by using 60 ml of the same extracting solvent before being partitioned to obtain an upper phase. The upper phase was then vacuum evaporated until it became dry, leaving dried residues. The dried residues were dissolved in HPLC grade n-hexane/ethyl acetate (3:1, vol/vol.) and adjusted to a final volume of 5 ml before being filtered through a 0.45 mu m filter membrane. The filtered solution was then kept under nitrogen gas at -20 degrees C, to obtain the lutein extract.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion chamber comprises multiple reaction chambers, which are connected together in series to provide a continuous flow. The gaseous outlets are individually fitted to each separate reaction chamber in series.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method of generating biochar further comprises: implementing the gas extraction by venturi action; and using a portion of the extracted pyroligneous gases as combination gases to heat a combustion engine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oleaginous microorganism comprises at least one microorganism selected from algae, fungi, bacteria and/or cyanobacteria. The oleaginous microorganism comprises Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and/or genetically modified Escherichia coli.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) is carried out without the glycerides undergoing isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or a significant amount of isomerization, where the isomerization ratio is less than 2. The method (M1) further involves blending a quantity of the biofuel with a fossil-derived fuel. Preferred Components: The glycerides comprise less than or equal to 14C or less than or equal to 12C fatty acid chains (at least 10 wt.%). The glycerides do not undergo isomerization or hydroisomerization. The resulting biofuel from feedstock comprises a fuel made by a hydrotreating process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of leaching the raw material is carried out in succession with different aqueous solution. The leaching step is carried out in a reactor at a ratio of raw material over aqueous solution of 33-400 g/l, at a temperature of 13-95 degrees C, time of 5-60 minutes. The raw material is agitated in the reactor. The leaching of the raw material is performed with aqueous solution that contains organic and/or inorganic salts and organic and/or inorganic acids. The concentration of the salts and the acids in the aqueous solution is 0.1-5 wt.% in water volume. The thermal treatment of raw material is realized in the absence of air, in nitrogen atmosphere for residence time in this specific temperature of 5 minutes to 1 hour, where the moisture content of raw material is lower than 30% in wet basis. The thermal pretreatment precedes the leaching and follows the leaching. In the method, during leaching ultrasound is applied to the solution. The raw material does not contain any polymer and the removal of inorganic components from raw material for the production of clean materials is effected solely by leaching and without any thermal pretreatment of the raw material. The raw material contains polymers and the method includes a thermal pretreatment of the raw material, which thermal pretreatment comprises heating the raw material at 200-350 degrees C. Preferred Components: The salt contains zirconium or yttrium. The concentration of the salts in the aqueous solution is 0.1-5 wt.% in water volume. The raw material consists of particles, whose size is smaller than 3 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: In the system (S1), the cadmium compound and/or bismuth sulfide are present in the relative photoanode as thin layer, possibly discontinuous. Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the sulfides have the formula M2S. The contemporaneous formation of S and hydroxide is obtained. The process (P1) is effected in a photoelectrolytic cell. The aqueous solution containing the sulfide is prepared by reaction of a mixture containing H2S with an organic or inorganic base, where the base is hydroxide. The mixture containing H2S is liquid or gaseous. The cathode consisting of a metal conductor is used. The aqueous solution containing the sulfide also contains hydroxide.M'=Na, K or (R')4N;R'=H or 1-4C alkyl.Preferred Photoanode: The process for the preparation of the photoanode (A1) based on titanium dioxide and bismuth sulfide by means of an electrochemical method, using saturated solution of sulfur in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Bi3+, at -0.3 and -1.1 V vs SCE, at rates of 20 to 10 mV/s, using number of cycles of 5-100; and by means of an electrochemical method, using saturated solution of sulfur in DMSO and Bi3+, using constant potential, at values of -0.7 to -1.1 V vs SCE. The process involves the repeated immersion of photo-electrode of titanium oxide alternately in separate aqueous solutions containing sulfide ions and Bi3+ ions, and the thermal treatment of the resulting photoanode, at 150-250 degrees C, in air. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The amount (in weight/volume%) of ground material of fruit skin of Japanese pepper is 0.0004-0.04. The addition amount of ground material is 0.0004, preferably 0.0004-1.6 with respect to alcohol fermentation ingredient, when fruit skin of Japanese pepper is replaced with seed of Japanese pepper. The addition amount of ground material is 0.0001-0.6, preferably 0.0001-0.3 with respect to alcohol fermentation ingredient, when fruit skin of Japanese pepper is replaced with fruit of Japanese pepper. The fermentation is carried out in presence of alcohol fermentation microorganism chosen from yeast, Zymomonas and Zymobacter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The amount (in weight/volume%) of ground material of fruit skin of Japanese pepper is 0.0004-0.04. The addition amount of ground material is 0.0004 or more, preferably 0.0004-1.6 with respect to alcohol fermentation ingredient, when fruit skin of Japanese pepper is replaced with seed of Japanese pepper. The addition amount of ground material is 0.0001-0.1, preferably 0.0001-0.06 with respect to alcohol fermentation ingredient, when fruit skin of Japanese pepper is replaced with fruit of Japanese pepper. The fermentation is carried out in presence of alcohol fermentation microorganism chosen from yeast, Zymomonas and Zymobacter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The azine type-compound (I) is of formula (VI) or (VII) or its tautomer or salt.R10,R11=H, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic group, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl;Y'=substituent;m=0-4;andR10+R11,R10+R2,R11+R4=5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered ring.Preferred Process: The reduction of imine group-containing compound (II) is carried out using zinc or iron. Preferred Definitions:    X=-O- or -S-, preferably -O-;and    Z=alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group, preferably pyridyl or pyrimidyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The apparatus for producing synthetic natural gas further comprises cooling units.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel is hydrocarbon fuel. The synthetic gas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of 0.5-1. Preferred Method: The method further involves carrying out methane activation reaction, after secondary methane synthesis reaction process, and carrying out desulfurization process, after dust-collection process. Preferred Conditions: The synthetic gas ejected from the primary methane synthesis reaction is cooled at 300-350 degrees C. The synthetic gas ejected from water-gas shift reaction is cooled at 280-320 degrees C. The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the secondary methane synthesis reaction is controlled to 2.7-3.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step for obtaining a first stream of synthesis gas comprises a substep (30) of autothermal reforming or steam reforming. The step for obtaining a first stream of synthesis gas comprises a substep (26) for producing an intermediate stream containing methane by gasification of carbonaceous material, where the first stream of synthesis gas is obtained at the sub-step of reforming by reforming of the intermediate stream. The process comprises: a step (22) for producing the amount of hydrogen added to the first stream of synthesis gas by electrolysis of water; and a step for producing a flow of oxygen, where the first stream of synthesis gas is obtained in step for obtaining the first synthesis gas stream from a carbonaceous material and the oxygen stream. The stream of oxygen is obtained by electrolysis of the water and/or separation of air. The first synthesis gas stream comprises a given quantity of carbon dioxide, where the second stream of synthesis gas at the starting of step for production of methanol contains at least 80% of the given quantity. At least 30% of the quantity of carbon dioxide is converted into methanol in step for the production of methanol, preferably at least 50% of the amount of carbon dioxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the metal salts are dropped in the form of a solution, where the amount of the dropwise addition of the solution is 1.2-2.3 vol.%/minute. Preferred Components: In (II), 0.5-50 mol.% of the trivalent cation in M3+ is a rare earth metal cation. (I) comprises at least 30 wt.% of mixed oxide. Preferred Definitions:    M2+ = Mg2+ and/or Ca2+;    M3+ = Al3+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+ or lanthanide3+;    x = 0.2-0.4;    y = 0-0.1;    n = 1 or 2; and    m = 0.3-1.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a compound that when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, is decomposed to generate an acid, where the compound is other than the compounds (I). Preferred Method: The exposure is performed through an immersion liquid. Preferred Definitions:    E = at least one bond consisting of an ester bond or an ether bond;    A = S;    R1 = aromatic hydrocarbon; and    Y1- = sulfonate anion, imidate anion or methide anion.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g): resin (comprising 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid 5-oxo-4-o xa-tricyclo(4.2.1.0asterisk3,7asterisk)non-2-yl ester of formula (a), 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid 5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo(4.2.1.0)non-2-yloxycarbonylmethyl ester of formula (b), 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid 1-cyclohexyl-1-methyl-ethyl ester of formula (c) and 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid 3,5-dihydroxy-adamantan-1-yl ester of formula (d)) (10); acid generator(comprising 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid butyl ester of formula (H3C-(CH2-C(CH3)(C(=O))-CH2-CH2-CF3)-CH3) (e) or 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid 4-tert-butyl-cyclohexyl ester of formula (f) (0.3), and 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(octahydro-isoquinoline-2-sulfonyl)-propane-1-sulfonate1-(2-(4-cyclohexyl-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium (0.9)); surfactant (comprising fluorine-based surfactant) (0.03); and solvent (comprising propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (70 ratio mass) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (30 ratio mass)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The mutant C.vulgaris strain CV-18 is prepared by mutating the wild type C.vulgaris strain CV-18 with ethyl methanesulfonate. EXAMPLE - None given.