TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pulp and/or paper industry process is: a chemical pulping process, where the single cell oil production process uses hemicellulose, primary sludge and/or their fractions as raw material for single cell oil production, and pulp and/or paper industry process uses hemicellulases obtained from the single cell oil production process; a recycle fiber process, where the single cell oil production process uses deinking sludge and/or its fractions as raw material for single cell oil production; or a mechanical pulping process, where the single cell oil production process uses residues from mechanical pulping, primary sludge and/or their fractions as raw material for single cell oil production. The pulp and/or paper industry process comprises a dissolving pulp process, Kraft-pulp process, pulp (pre)bleaching or mechanical pulp process, fiber modification, debarking, recycle fiber process, deinking, papermaking or slime and/or pitch removal. The process comprises: cultivating microorganisms capable of producing single cell oil and enzymes under conditions suitable for single cell oil production and enzyme production on a medium comprising organic material from pulp and/or paper industry, and producing single cell oils and enzymes by the microorganisms; separating the supernatant and microorganism cells from the microorganism culture; recovering single cell oil from the microorganism cells; and recovering enzymes from the supernatant. Preferred Components: The enzymes comprise: hemicellulases, xylanases, mannanases, galactosidases, peroxidases, laccases, pectinases, cellulases, glucosidases, arabinases, lipases, amylases, esterases and/or proteases; or exoenzymes (preferably enzymes associated with hemicellulose hydrolysis or cellulose hydrolysis). The organic material fed used for the single cell oil production process comprises: lignocelluloses (at least 50%) or their fraction (preferably polymeric sugars (at least 10%)); hemicelluloses (at least 20% (preferably at least 30%)) or their fractions; or cellulose (at least 20 % (preferably at least 30%)) or its fractions. The microorganism is a filamentous fungus comprising Aspergillus, Humicola, Rhizopus or Trichoderma, yeast comprising Cryptococcus or a bacterium comprising Streptomyces. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.