TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In optoelectronic device (I), the transparent conductive nanoparticles: comprise at least one member of indium-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide or boron-doped zinc oxide; and have a longest dimension of 20-100 nm. In optoelectronic device (I), anode comprises a: transparent conductive oxide layer; and composite of indium tin oxide nanoparticles or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid. Preferred Method: The step (A) comprises: modifying surfaces of the transparent conductive nanoparticles by treating with at least one of phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, hydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphonate, hydrogen sulfate or sulfonic acid; and mixing indium tin oxide nanopowder, bis(2-ethylhexyl)hydrogen phosphate, and at least one of isopropanol or ethanol to obtain a dispersion. The step (A) further comprises: sonicating the dispersion in an ultrasonic bath; adding the dispersion to a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid; and milling the dispersion mixture for a predetermined length of time. The method further comprises: specifying the ratio of the refractive index of the transparent conductive nanoparticles to the refractive index of the hole transport material so as to improve radiation scattering by the transparent conductive nanoparticles; and exposing the hole injection/transport layer to water vapor to form a cross linked configuration, where the mixture includes N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine-bis(trimethoxysilane).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In optoelectronic device (I), the hole injection/transport layer: further comprises a hole-transport material, where the hole transport material comprises a member comprising an aromatic amine, N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, 1,1-bis(4-(N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino)-phenyl)cyclohexane), copper phthalocyanine, 4,4',4''-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine, triphenylamine tetramer, N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, 4,4'-bis(N-(9-phenanthryl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl, (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine-bis(trimethoxysilane) or polystyrenesulfonic acid; comprises 5-90 wt.% of the transparent conductive nanoparticles; and has a thickness of 100-1000 nm. In optoelectronic device (II), the gradient distribution of transparent conductive nanoparticles further comprises a three-dimensional nanoscale transparent conductive oxide network disposed within the hole-transport material, where the hole-transport material comprises at least one of 1,4-bis(phenyl-m-tolylaminobiphenyl) or 1,4-bis(1-naphthylphenylaminobiphenyl).