TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-structured metal oxide comprises tungsten trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, nickel oxide of formula (NiOx) or copper oxide of formula (CuOx). The nano-structured metal complex comprises a Prussian blue analog or indium hexacyanoferrate.x = not defined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: the printable photovoltaic electrochromic device comprises superstrate photovoltaic electrochromic device or substrate photovoltaic electrochromic device. The single polarity electrochromic material comprises an anodic electrochromic material or a cathodic electrochromic material. The single polarity electrochromic material comprises a nano-structured electrochromic material. The nano-structured electrochromic material comprises a nano-structured metal oxide, a nano-structured metal complex, or a nano-structured conducting polymer. The nano-structured electrochromic material comprises nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanospheres, or nanotubes. At least one thin-film solar cell comprises many thin-film solar cells, which are connected in series. The device further comprises: an encapsulating material, covering the thin-film solar cell and the single polarity electrochromic material; a transparent non-conductive substrate, covering the encapsulating material; a direct current or alternating current inverter to convert a current provided by the thin-film solar cell to commercial power; a direct current charge storage device to store a current generated by the thin-film solar cell; a thin film transistor, individually connected to two terminals of the anode layer and the cathode layer of the thin-film solar cell, to individually control on or off state of the thin-film solar cell and an external circuit. The transparent substrate comprises a flexible substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nano-structured conducting polymer comprises polyaniline nanospheres, polypyrrole nanospheres, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanospheres. The polyelectrolyte comprises a polyanionic electrolyte or a polycationic electrolyte. The polyanionic electrolyte comprises sodium poly(styrene sulfonate), sodium poly(acrylic acid), polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, or poly(perfluoro-sulfonic acid). The polycationic electrolyte is polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride, polyallylamine hydrochloride, poly-L-lysine, or polyethyleneimine.