TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method-I further comprises combining with the silicon comprising elongate elements and the silicon comprising particles a binder and one or more components comprising a conductive material, a viscosity adjuster, a filler, a cross-linking accelerator, a coupling agent and an adhesive accelerator. The method-II further comprises removing the coating or layer from the substrate to form a free standing mat or felt and connecting the free standing mat or felt to a current collector. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: 70 wt.% of a silicon comprising material comprising a 50:50 mixture of native particles and pillared particles, 12 wt.% of a binder comprising polyacrylic acid or its an alkali metal salt, 12 wt.% of graphite and 6 wt.% of a conductive carbon; 70 wt.% of a silicon-comprising material comprising a mixture of silicon-comprising fibers and silicon-comprising native particles in a ratio of 90:10-10:90, 14 wt.% of a binder comprising polyacrylic acid or its alkali metal salt, 4 wt.% of graphite and 12 wt.% of a conductive carbon; ribbons having a thickness of 0.25 mu m, a width of 0.5 mu m and a length of 50 mu m; flakes having a thickness of 0.25 mu m, a width of 3 mu m and a length of 50 mu m; tubes having a wall thickness of 0.08-5 mu m and a length that is at least five times the outer diameter; and 50-90 wt.% of an electroactive material. The composition is an electro-active material. The composition is in the form of: a felt or a mat; and a layer or coating applied to the current collector. The composition further comprises: one or more components comprising a binder, a conductive material, and optionally a non-silicon comprising electroactive material; one or more components comprising viscosity adjuster, a filler, a cross-linking accelerator, a coupling agent and an adhesive accelerator; one or more silicon comprising components comprising pillared silicon particles, silicon comprising porous particles and silicon comprising porous particle fragments; 0-30 wt.% of a binder; and 4-85 wt.% of carbon. The composition is an electrode mix or material, or anode material. Preferred Components: The metal or semi-metal is a silicon comprising material comprising substantially pure silicon, silicon alloy and a material comprising silicon oxide, silicon nitride and/or silicon boride. The silicon comprising elongate elements comprise one or more of elongate elements having a core comprising silicon, elongate elements having a silicon comprising coating surrounding a core comprising a material other than silicon and elongate elements comprising a core comprising a first type of silicon comprising material and a coating comprising a second type of silicon comprising material. The silicon comprises particles having a core comprising silicon, particles having a silicon comprising coating surrounding a core comprising a material other than silicon and particles having a core comprising a first type of silicon comprising material and a coating comprising a second type of silicon comprising material. The elongate elements comprise one or more of the group comprising tubes, threads, ribbons and flakes. The silicon comprising components are electroactive. In the composition, where one or more of the silicon comprising elongate elements, the silicon comprising particles and the further silicon comprising components include a coating. The coating is a carbon coating. The coating comprises 5-40 wt.% of the coated silicon material. The elongate elements include: threads having a diameter of 50-1000 (preferably 150-200) nm, a length of 0.8-100 (preferably 10-15) mu m and an aspect ratio of 5:1-1000:1; ribbons having a thickness of 0.08-1 mu m, a width of 240-300 nm, a length of 0.8-20 mu m and an aspect ratio of 10:1-200:1; flakes having a thickness of 80-100 nm, a width of 0.8-10 mu m, a length of 0.8-20 mu m and an aspect ratio of 10:1-200:1; and tubes having a wall thickness of 0.08-2 mu m, an outer wall diameter of 2.5-100 times larger than the wall thickness and a length of 10-500 times as large as the wall thickness. The particles have an average diameter of 80 nm to 15 mu m. The particles have an average diameter of 1-8 mu m, with a D50 of 4 mu m. In the composition: where at least some of the elongate elements or particles comprise silicon with a purity of 90-99.95%; and at least some of the elongate elements or particles are metallurgical grade silicon. The particles comprise native particles, pillared particles, porous particles and porous particle fragments. The electroactive material comprises 40-100 (preferably 40-90) wt.% of silicon comprising elongate elements, silicon comprising particles and further silicon comprising components. The silicon comprising component of the composition comprises 15-60 wt.% of elongate elements. The silicon component of the composition comprises 10-90 (preferably 40-85) wt.% of silicon comprising particles. The binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(acrylic acid), carboxymethyl cellulose, modified carboxymethyl cellulose, modified poly(acrylic acid) and its alkali metal salts. The electrode is an anode. The carbon comprises one or more of graphite, hard carbon, graphene and a conductive carbon. The metal or semi-metal comprising elongate elements or particles are silicon comprising elongate elements or particles. The current collector comprises copper foil, aluminum foil and nickel foil. The solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone. The substrate is a current collector. The cathode comprises lithium compound of formula LiCoO2, LiCo(0.99)Al(0.01)O2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiCo(0.5)Ni(0.5)O2, LiCo(0.7)Ni(0.3)O2, LiCo(0.8)Ni(0.2)O2, LiCo(0.82)Ni(0.18)O2, LiCO(0.8)Ni(0.15)Al(0.05)O2, LiNi(0.4)Co(0.3)Mn(0.3)O2 and LiNi(0.33)Co(0.33)Mn(0.34)O2. The electrolyte comprises non-aqueous electrolytic solution, a solid electrolyte and an inorganic solid electrolyte. The electrolyte further comprises one or more lithium salts comprising lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium borocarbide of formula (LiB10C20), lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluroantimonate lithium aluminum chloride, nesulfonate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.