TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: a recycle subsystem which is configured to separate a portion of the crude product from the reaction container to form a recycle solvent stream, and to deliver the recycle solvent stream to the reaction container; at least one subsystem for feeding biomass and/or solvents into the reaction container; a filtration system to remove residual solids from the crude reaction product or bio-oil produced in the reaction container; and a heater (4) that is fueled at least in part by gases produced in the liquefaction reaction and/or by residual solids captured by the filtration system, and is configured to heat the reaction container. In the system: the mass of the solvent combination in the reaction container is greater than or equal to 50% of the mass of biomass in the reaction container; and the mass of the make-up solvent comprises less than or equal to 25% of the mass of the biomass in the reaction container when the reaction container is ready for operation. The reaction container: is a flow-through container and the system is configured to provide a continuous flow process; and further comprises the metal reagent and metal catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: carbon monoxide is introduced into the liquefaction mixture only when it is part of a by-product of the liquefaction process that is captured and recycled into the liquefaction mixture; the mixture is heated in the pressurized container to a temperature of 300-600 degrees C up to 120 minutes; the pressure in the pressurized container is 200-1500 psi while the mixture is being heated; the pressurized container is heated at 350-420 degrees C to promote liquefaction, while the pressure is 200-800 psi; the make-up solvent is converted into a make-up solvent product under the liquefaction conditions, where the make-up solvent product is suitable for hydroprocessing with the bio-oil product derived from the biomass liquefaction, and the bio-oil product can be combined with a refinery stream for co-processing to provide a transportation fuel; a portion of the crude reaction product is diverted to form a solvent recycle stream, which is used as part of the solvent combination; and a metal reagent and a metal catalyst is added to enhance liquefaction. The process further comprises: adding a processing solvent to the liquefaction mixture or to the crude liquefaction reaction product, where the processing solvent is a 3-6C ketone solvent and is added after completion of the liquefaction reaction; and an additional step of hydroprocessing the bio-oil product and/or feeding the bio-oil product to a catalytic cracker. In the process: which is operated as a continuous flow process, the solvent mixture and biomass pass through a reaction container configured for flow-through operation, where they are heated under pressure for a sufficient time to promote liquefaction; and the gaseous carbon monoxide produced during the liquefaction reaction is captured and is injected into a liquefaction mixture to promote liquefaction. Preferred Components: The biomass comprises lignin and/or cellulose. The solvent combination comprises: a phenol or an anisole; sinapyl alcohol, para-coumaryl alcohol, phenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3,5-dimethyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl phenol, anisole, 2-methyl anisole, 3-methyl anisole, 4-methyl anisole, guaiacol, meta-cresol, ortho-cresol, para-cresol, phenoxypropanol, 1-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, naphthalene, acetone, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, or a green crude or its fraction. The liquefaction solvent has a Hansen radius of interaction with coniferyl alcohol less than about 14 MPa1/2. The solvent combination comprises up to 25% hydrogen donor solvent. The make-up solvent (5-25% of the amount of biomass on a dry weight basis) comprises a refinery stream produced from a petroleum input. The liquefaction solvent comprises at least one phenolic compound, aromatic alcohol, or anisole. The refinery stream is a light cycle oil having a boiling point of below 343 degrees C. The portion of the crude reaction product that is recycled has a boiling point at 180-343 degrees C. The metal reagent or the metal catalyst is at least one metal from the group including group VIII metals, group IB metals, group IIB metals, group IIIA metals and/or group IVA metals. The metal catalyst is a zeolite or a molybdenum salt. The biomass: comprises at least 10 wt.% of lignin; and has a moisture content of at least 15%. In the composition the make-up solvent comprises the refinery light cycle oil, and the recycle stream comprises solvents having a Hansen radius of interaction with coniferyl alcohol of less than 14 MPa1/2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.