TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method-I or II, a concentration of the salt and/or complex of platinum relative to the alcohol is 0.5-30 mmole/l. The step of heating to reflux is conducted under the argon atmosphere, at a temperature of 130-190 degrees C, and for a period of time of 1-3 hours. The step of attaching the alloy particles of platinum and nickel, which are a reaction product of the heating to reflux, onto the carbon powder is conducted by dispersing the alloy particles of platinum and nickel and the carbon powder into a solvent and stirring the mixture. In the method-II, a concentration of the alloy particles of platinum and nickel relative to the solvent is 0.3-12 g/l. The heat treating under the nonoxidative atmosphere is: conducted under a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon; and conducted under the mixed atmosphere, at a temperature of 200-400 degrees C, and for a period of time of 1-3 hours, where the mixed atmosphere comprises an atmosphere containing 4-10 vol.% of hydrogen in argon. Preferred Components: The alloy particles of platinum and nickel have any shape consisting of a regular octahedron, a truncated regular octahedron, a regular tetrahedron, or a truncated regular tetrahedron. The salt and/or complex of platinum comprise(s) at least one salt and/or complex consisting of platinum acetylacetonate, platinum acetate, or a platinum ethylenediamine complex. The salt and/or complex of nickel comprise(s) at least one salt and/or complex consisting of nickel acetate tetrahydrate, nickel nitrate, or a nickel acetylacetonate complex. The salt and/or complex of platinum and the salt and/or complex of nickel are used in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:3. The inert atmosphere comprises an argon atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises at least one alcohol consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerin, or propylene glycol. The carbon powder comprises a carbon black powder and/or carbon nanotube. The carbon powder and the alloy particles of platinum and nickel are used in a mass ratio of 1:9-1:1. The solvent comprises methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer containing salt structures comprising an organic cation and a halogen anion in a polymer chain comprises polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. EXAMPLE - None given.