TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The field effect transistor: has a structure comprising top-gate bottom-contact structure, bottom-gate top-contact structure, top-gate top-contact structure, or bottom-gate bottom-contact structure; and comprises a dielectric material that comprises an organic dielectric material, an inorganic dielectric material, or a hybrid organic/inorganic dielectric material. The photovoltaic device comprises a p-type semiconducting material adjacent to the oligomeric or polymeric compound. Preferred Method: The step of depositing composition comprises at least one of printing, spin coating, drop-casting, zone casting, dip coating, slot coating, blade coating and spraying. The printing is gravure printing, inkjet printing or flexo printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of the oligomeric or polymeric compound comprises: adding 1-(1-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-2-bromoethoxy)-3,7-dimethyloctane (0.653 g) in small portions to a mixture of 3,7-bis-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H,5H-dipyrrolo(2,3-b;2',3'-e)pyrazine-2,6-dione (0.249 g) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.207 g) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (9 ml); stirring the reaction mixture and heating at 130 degrees C for 8 hours; cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, pouring into water (80 ml), and stirring for 5 minutes; extracting the mixture with dichloromethane (40 ml x 3), and washing the combined organic phase with water; removing the solvent to give substituted 1-(1-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-2-bromoethoxy)-3,7-dimethyloctane compounds of formula (3a); charging (3a) (0.2712 g) and 5,5'-bis(trimethylstannyl)-bithiophene (0.1131 g) in a flask (50 ml), refilling argon 3 times, and adding toluene (16 ml) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (3.9 mg); heating the reaction mixture to 90 degrees C, stirring for 48 hours, raising the reaction temperature to 110 degrees C and stirring for 10 hours; and adding bromobenzene (0.5 ml), stirring at 110 degrees C for 8 hours before slowly cooling down to room temperature, pouring the mixture into stirring methanol (200 ml) and filtering off the solid, washing with methanol, and drying to give a polymer compound containing substituted 3-(4-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-yl-phenyl)-7-phenyl-1H,5H-dipyrrolo(2,3-b;2',3'-e)pyrazine-2,6-dione moiety of formula (3b) (representative of the oligomeric or polymeric compound). less than less than /MAR greater than MAR greater than R, q = not defined.Preferred Components: The oligomeric or polymeric compound comprises a repeat unit of substituted 1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione moiety of formula (III) (where the compound has a degree of polymerization of 2-1000000) preferably benzo-fused or thienyl-fused (hetero)aryl group of formulae (IV)-(VII), or a repeat unit of substituted 1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione moiety of formula (IIIa), preferably any one of 31 1H,5H-dipyrrolo(2,3-b;2',3'-e)pyrazine-2,6-dione moieties e.g. phenyl substituted 1H,5H-dipyrrolo(2,3-b;2',3'-e)pyrazine-2,6-dione moiety of formulae (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe) and (IIIf). The oligomeric or polymeric compound further comprises a second repeat unit M, which is: an optionally substituted polycyclic (8-14-membered) (hetero)aryl group e.g. cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophen-4-one moiety, 4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene (1,3)dioxolane moiety, 2-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophen-4-ylidene-malononitrile moiety, 2-(5-dicyanomethylene-5H-benzo(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophen-4-ylidene)-malononitrile moiety and fluoren-9-one moiety; or an optionally substituted biheteroaryl group e.g. (2,2')bithiophenyl moiety, 3,3'-didodecyl-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety, 3,3'-didodecyl-4,4'-difluoro-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety, 3,3'-bis-tridecafluorohexyloxy-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety, 4,4'-difluoro-3,3'-bis-tridecafluorohexyloxy-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety, 3,3'-bis-dodecyloxy-4,4'-difluoro-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety and 3,3'-bis-dodecyloxy-(2,2')bithiophenyl moiety. The oligomeric or polymeric compound is copolymer of any one of 35 repeating units e.g. copolymer of 3-(5-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-7-thiophen-2-yl-1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione of formula (a1) and (a2), copolymer of 3-(5-(4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-7-thiophen-2-yl-1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione of formula (a3) and (a4), copolymer of 3,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione phenyl 4H-cyclopenta(b)thiophene of formula (a5) and (a6), copolymer of 3-(5-(9H-carbazol-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-7-thiophen-2-yl-1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione of formula (a7) and (a8), and copolymer of 3-(5-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-7-thiophen-2-yl-1H,5H-dicyclopenta(b,e)pyrazine-2,6-dione of formula (a9) and (a10).Ar1 = pi -conjugated moiety, preferably monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl, bicyclic or polycyclic 1-14C aryl, bicyclic or polycyclic 8-14 membered heteroaryl, or linear conjugated linker (all optionally substituted with 1-4 groups of halo, CN, oxo, =C(CN)2, 1-40 alkyl, 1-40C haloalkyl, 1-40C alkoxy or 1-40C alkylthio;m = 0-6;R4 = H, F, Cl, CN, 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C haloalkyl, 1-40C alkoxy, or 1-40C alkylthio;R7 = H, halo, CN, 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C alkoxy, 1-40C alkylthio, 1-40C haloalkyl, 6-14C aryl (optionally substituted with 1-2 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C alkoxy, 1-40C alkylthio, or 1-40C haloalkyl), 5-14 membered heteroaryl (optionally substituted with 1-2 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C alkoxy, 1-40C alkylthio, or 1-40C haloalkyl), -(OCH2CH2)tOR1e, -(OCF2CF2)tOR1e, -(OCH2CF2)tOR1e, -(OCF2CH2)tOR1e, -(CH2CH2O)t-R1e, -(CF2CF2O)tR1e, -(CH2CF2O)tR1e, or -(CF2CH2O)tR1e;t = 1-10;R1e = 1-20C alkyl or 1-20C haloalkyl;Ar2 = optionally substituted monocyclic 5- or 6-membered (hetero)aryl;p = 1-6;R11, R13 = 3-40C (preferably 6-40C) alkyl, where R11 is 8-40C branched hydrocarbon; andn = 3-10000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.