TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: Alternately, an organic solar cell consists of a glass or plastic substrate, a cathode formed on the substrate, an electron injection layer formed by coating organic ionic material on the cathode, an electron transport layer containing light, zinc-oxide nanoparticles formed on the electron injection layer, an optical active layer formed on the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer formed on the optical active layer, and an anode formed on the hole transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode is formed by depositing a transparent metal oxide chosen from indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, on the electron injection layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ionic material comprises organic cation or ammonium salt. The organic ammonium cation is phenyl ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium, tetrahexyl ammonium, or tetraoctyl ammonium. The ammonium salt is tetrabutylammonium, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, or imidazolium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer is formed using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(9-vinylcarbazole), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine), alpha-(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), or N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis-phenyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine. The optical active layer is formed using poly(p-phenylenevinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethylocyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), poly(2,5-hexyloxy-1,4-phenylene cyanovinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), 3-hexylthiophene, poly-octylthiophene, poly(9-vinylcarbazole), or phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The electron injection layer is formed by coating a liquid obtained by dissolving ionic surfactant or polyelectrolyte containing alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal cations and anions in polar solvent or nonpolar solvent. The surfactant is nonionic ethylene oxide surfactant. The polyelectrolyte is polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol. Preferred Component: The substrate is polyethylene terephthalate substrate, polyester substrate, polythiophene substrate, polyimide substrate, aluminum foil substrate or stainless steel substrate.