NOVELTY - The device has an exhaust pipe installed at an inner side of a chamber. An enclosure is formed in the inner side of the chamber. A heating element surrounds an outer portion of a part of a microwave generator. A tube is installed at an outer portion of the chamber for providing an ultra high frequency to the inner side of the chamber. The heating element is placed in an outer side surface of the tube. A heat reservoir is arranged on two sides of the heating element. A magnetron generates the ultra high frequency, and is formed in the inner side of the chamber.    USE - Device for burning greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrofluorocarbon, perfluoro carbon and sulfur hexafluoride.    ADVANTAGE - The device improves heating performance in a better manner, and prevents generation of heat energy from the heating element, and provides excellent energy efficiency. The heating element is arranged in the outer side surface of the tube, so that the device dissolves the toxic gas in a better manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of a greenhouse gas combustion device.
NOVELTY - The system has an air chamber including a part provided with a water outlet, and a lower part connected with an outlet oil gas separation tower on an upper part that is provided with an inlet and an air outlet. The air chamber is provided with an oil baffle that is located between the inlet and the air outlet. The oil baffle is located close to an inlet side of an output of a draught fan that is connected with an inlet of an oil-gas separating tower and an air outlet collecting tower. An oil gas separation tower bottom part is formed by a sloping structure.    USE - Lower biomass rubbish cracking furnace system.    ADVANTAGE - The system simplifies oil-gas separation process and performs cracking process of sewage, oil and steam. The system can be reused in an effective manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing hydrogen via gasifying biomass rubbish cracking furnace system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a hydraulic circuit diagram of a lower biomass rubbish cracking furnace system.
NOVELTY - Biofuel comprises levoglucosenone pure or mixed with an alkyl alcohol and/or hydrocarbons, obtained from wood or sugar cane itself or bagasse, cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of N-alkylimidazole hydrochloride, an alkyl alcohol and 37% hydrochloric acid, followed by an extraction with butanol followed by an extraction of the butanol extract with hydrochloric acid 37% to remove some N-alkyl imidazole contained in the butanol extract, and followed by destination of the washed butanol extract.    USE - The biofuel is useful in motor cars (claimed), electric trains and fork lifts.    ADVANTAGE - The biofuel is cost effective.
NOVELTY - Coffee ground-based fuel composition comprises: dried spent coffee grounds (54 wt.%); vegetable shortening (23 wt.%); brown sugar (20 wt.%); and corn syrup (2 wt.%).    USE - The coffee ground-based fuel composition is useful in a fire log (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The coffee ground-based fuel composition: does not utilize wax as an ingredient; is provided in economical manner, and burns hotter and longer, when compared to a coffee ground-based fuel that utilizes wax as a ingredient; and avoids an unpleasant smell of wax being burnt with coffee ground-based fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) making a coffee ground-based fuel comprising: providing the coffee ground-based fuel composition comprising dried spent coffee grounds, vegetable shortening, brown sugar, and corn syrup; mixing together the vegetable shortening and brown sugar to form an resultant mixture; heating the resultant mixture slowly until it begins to boil; removing resultant mixture from heat after it begins to boil; and mixing dried, spent coffee grounds and corn syrup into the resultant mixture to form the completed fuel; and    (2) a fire log (30) comprising: a core (20) made from the coffee ground-based fuel composition (10) and formed to have a cylindrical shape; and an outer shell (32) made of paper, where the shell encapsulating the core.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows substantially a perspective cutaway view of a fire log having a coffee ground-based core encapsulated within a paper shell.    Coffee ground-based fuel composition (10)    Core (20)    Paper based fire log (30)    Outer paper shell (32)
NOVELTY - Method for processing urine involves contacting porous portion (43) which is exposed to air with urine or urine containing water, where the urine is free of excrement.    USE - The method is useful for processing urine.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient removal of nitrogen and carbon component from urine as compared to existing method by employing microorganisms and is cost-effective as clogging in porous portion is avoided by separating solid excrement and hence pump for water aeration is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for urine processing apparatus (100).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematic representation of urine processing apparatus.    Night-soil separation toilet bowl (11)    Urine collection device (20)    Container (41)    Porous portion (43)    Urine processing apparatus (100)
NOVELTY - Disclosed are biomass reinforced with polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) based product (PRC) for use as fuel, and a method for production of the same. More particularly, the polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) based biomass based fuel has high calorific value as compared to other conventional sources of energy, such as fossil fuels. Image 0/0
NOVELTY - Immersion type membrane module unit comprises immersion type membrane modules (2) for membrane separation activated sludge filtration, extending walls (27) which extend from the lower ends of the membrane modules and surround spaces under the membrane modules, and air diffusion devices (8) for membrane aeration which are arranged in lower portions within the spaces or in the vicinity of the points under the spaces and have several air-diffusion holes arranged planarly.    USE - The immersion type membrane module unit is useful in equipment for membrane separation of activated sludge process (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The equipment reduces aeration energy, and is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Immersion type membrane module unit comprises immersion type membrane modules (2) for membrane separation activated sludge filtration, extending walls (27) which extend from the lower ends of the membrane modules and surround spaces under the membrane modules, and air diffusion devices (8) for membrane aeration which are arranged in lower portions within the spaces or in the vicinity of the points under the spaces and have several air-diffusion holes arranged planarly. Bubbles from the air-diffusion holes are guided by the extending walls to voids between separation membranes of the membrane module. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for equipment for membrane separation of activated sludge process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sectional view of the equipment for membrane separation activated sludge process.    Tank (1)    Immersion type membrane modules (2)    Air supply pipe (5)    Air diffusion devices (8)    Extending walls (27)
NOVELTY - The method involves separating hydrotreated effluent from a hydrotreated liquid product and a gas-phase product. The hydrotreated liquid product is mixed with a hydrogen-containing stream (142) to produce a hydrotreated dewaxing input stream. The hydrotreated dewaxing input stream is in contact with dewaxing catalyst under effective catalytic dewaxing conditions in a liquid-continuous reactor to form dewaxed effluent that includes a dewaxed distillate product, where the dewaxed effluent has cold flow property with a cloud point, a pour point and a cold filter plugging point.    USE - Method for making a diesel fuel product from feedstock i.e. mineral hydrocarbon feedstock, from biocomponent sources. Uses include but are not limited to vacuum gas oils, demetallized oils, coker distillates, cat cracker distillates, jet fuel boiling range distillate fraction, kerosene boiling range distillate fraction and coal liquids from vegetable, animal, fish and algae.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables allowing production of the diesel fuel product from the feedstock that requires dewaxing, while reducing or minimizing overall hydrogen requirement for the dewaxing process and allowing heavier feeds to be converted into the diesel fuel product in a cost effective manner. The method enables utilizing heavier feeds that can be used conventionally for cracking into gasoline, thus making a higher value diesel product in an efficient manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a reaction system.    Hydrocarbon feedstock (110)    Hydrotreated feedstock (118)    Hydrotreatment reactor (120)    Gaseous stream (122)    Separation stage (125)    Optional gaseous slip stream (132)    Hydrogen stream (142)    Diesel product stream (148)    Recycled hydrogen gas stream (152)
NOVELTY - The method involves connecting an upper section of parallel vertical ground with an air pipe. Cracking gas with steam and oxygen or steam and oxygen-enriched air are generated by reduction of coal. Pyrolysis gas is led out from a furnace and passed into an upper part of an outlet of the air pipe. An ash layer is led out from a lower part of the outlet of a gas furnace. A valve plate of a cylinder is provided with an oil pressure piston. A valve piston cylinder is connected with an oil hydraulic press.    USE - High temperature cracking method for rubbish and biomass gas.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables avoiding direct contact of oxygen with a raw material to prevent generation of dioxin and reducing raw material consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a high temperature cracking method.'(Drawing includes non-English language text)'
NOVELTY - The method involves utilizing a biomass conductive carbon with a better hole feature and a conduction feature to absorb and remove a tar in high-quality gasified gas. Direct-current voltage is added to two ends of the biomass conductive carbon with an absorbed gasified tar. A vibration generation device is utilized to enable the biomass conductive carbon to vibrate with intermittent. The gasified gas is generated and utilized by cracking the gasified gas to be extracted to a gasified gas inlet, where the biomass conductive carbon is activated and recycled in a process.    USE - Conductive carbon gasification tar removal forced discharging method for purifying high heat biomass gasified gas.    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures high tar efficiency, resource quality of purified-gasified gas and less operation energy consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a biomass conductive carbon forced discharging, removing and gasifying tar device comprising a gasified gas outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of a biomass conductive carbon forced discharging, removing and gasifying tar device in partial section.
NOVELTY - Biomass processing apparatus (A,B) comprises solid acid catalyst, biomass, where the apparatus stirs and mixes the solid acid catalyst and biomass by blowing hot gas flow, and fluid bed reaction unit (2) which produces saccharides from the biomass.    USE - The apparatus is useful for processing biomass, which is used for producing fossil fuel, preferably petroleum.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus enables processing of biomass simply and easily and production of saccharides at high yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows functional block diagram of biomass processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Pulverization and digesting unit (1)    Fluid bed reaction unit (2)    Solid-liquid separator (3)    Separation apparatus (4a,4b)    Biomass processing apparatus (A,B)
NOVELTY - The stack has a magnetic fuel cell stack generating device generated by a galvanic pile assembly of a fuel battery. A Hall element formed by a magnetic resistance element. A rectification charging device is composed of a diode nitryl. A fuel cell stack is provided with a buffer device. A kinetic energy device generates electrical resonance effect of oscillation eddy current. The kinetic energy device is composed of an electric damper of a controller. A damping effect of a damper is coupled back by electromotive force and the eddy current.    USE - Magnetic fuel battery stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a magnetic fuel battery stack.
NOVELTY - An organosolv process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprises: (a) adding the biomass to a reaction vessel and exposing the biomass to a solvent; (b) elevating the temperature of the biomass/solvent mixture to 140-170 degrees C for a total period of 50-200 minutes to form a pulp and an extraction liquor the liquor comprising derivatives of native lignin; (c) recovering at least a portion of the extraction liquor; and (d) recovering at least a portion of the pulp.    USE - The organosolv process is useful for treating a lignocellulosic biomass (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical, environment friendly, and cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organosolv process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprises: (a) adding the biomass to a reaction vessel and exposing the biomass to a solvent where: (i) the ratio of solvent to biomass is 10:1-4:1; (ii) the solvent comprises 40-60% w/w ethanol; (iii) 1.5-2.5% (based on dry weight wood) of an acid is added; (b) elevating the temperature of the biomass/solvent mixture to 140-170 degrees C for a total period of 50-200 minutes to form a pulp and an extraction liquor the liquor comprising derivatives of native lignin; (c) recovering at least a portion of the extraction liquor; and (d) recovering at least a portion of the pulp; and where the pressure in the reaction vessel is less than 18 bar.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an organosolv process.
NOVELTY - Processing a lignocellulosic biomass comprises: immersing the plant biomass in an aqueous bath or providing the plant biomass with sufficient moisture; and treating the biomass with acoustic energy followed by incubation with appropriate enzymes or fungal extracts, where the acoustic treatment includes (i) applying a low frequency ultrasound for at least 300 seconds and (ii) applying a moderately high frequency ultrasound for at least 300 seconds, either subsequent to the low frequency treatment or simultaneously with the low frequency treatment.    USE - The process is useful for increasing accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to enzymes and fermentative processes for conversion of the biomass to utilizable matter, in nutritive and chemical or biofuel industries.    ADVANTAGE - The physical treatments degrade the waxy cuticle of the biomass facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose and hemicellulose and increasing the surface area available for enzyme action. The process improves the efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose separation from lignocellulosic material. The process avoids the use of chemicals and is a cleaner, greener, and more energy-efficient process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an animal feed derived from the lignocellulosic biomass treated by the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of processing wheat chaff.
NOVELTY - System comprises electroflocculation system to ionize and coagulate biomass, dissolved air flotation system to separate the coagulated biomass from a substantial proportion of the aqueous medium, and liquid or solid separation unit to produce separated biomass, where the electroflocculation system, dissolved air system and liquid or solid separation unit are in fluid communication and connected in series.    USE - The system is useful for harvesting microorganism biomass in aqueous medium (claimed) for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, animal feed, feedstock for biodiesel and jet fuel, and pyrolysis and gasification plants. The microorganisms are photosynthetic microalgae or non-photosynthetic microorganisms, preferably bacteria, yeast and heterotrophic protists.    ADVANTAGE - The system enables large scale separation of microorganisms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of harvesting microorganism biomass in aqueous medium, which involves providing biomass in the aqueous medium to electroflocculation system to ionize and coagulate the biomass, introducing the biomass to the dissolved air flotation system in which microbubbles separate the biomass from substantial proportion of the aqueous medium into a biomass stream, and optionally recovering the biomass from the biomass stream.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing butanol and/or acetone comprises treating a substrate comprising draff, or its derivative, and pot ale to hydrolyze the substrate to provide a treated substrate, the draff comprises spent grain consisting essentially of malted barley; and fermenting the treated substrate in the presence of a culture of butanol- and/or acetone-forming microorganisms at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0 and at a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20 mu M to provide a fermented product containing butanol and/or acetone.    USE - The process and by-products of production of malt whisky are useful for manufacturing butanol and/or acetone by fermentation, where butanol and/or acetone are useful for manufacturing biofuel (all claimed) and renewable chemicals.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides process for manufacturing butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals, which utilizes low economic value by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are:    (1) a biofuel comprising butanol and/or acetone manufactured by the process; and    (2) a process for manufacturing butanol and/or acetone, comprising treating a substrate comprising draff, or its derivative, and a diluent to hydrolyze the substrate to provide a treated substrate, the draff comprises spent grain consisting essentially of malted barley; and fermenting the treated substrate in the presence of a culture of butanol- and/or acetone-forming micro-organisms at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0 and at a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20 mu M to provide a fermented product containing butanol and/or acetone.
NOVELTY - Manufacture (P1) of butanol and/or acetone involves treating a substrate comprising carbohydrate source and pot ale to solubilize at least a portion of the carbohydrate source to provide a treated substrate; and fermenting the treated substrate in the presence of culture of butanol-and/or acetone-forming micro-organisms at a concentration of free copper ions of less than 20 mu M to provide a fermented product containing butanol and/or acetone.    USE - For manufacture of butanol and/or acetone used as biofuel and other products (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In the process, the fermentation can be carried out in the presence of pot ale. The pot ale creates fermentation medium for the production of butanol and/or acetone from paper based substrates. The use of pole ale allows the economic value of ale to be increased. The pot ale acts as a diluent to hydrate the carbohydrate source. Thus, the amount of water or other diluent required is reduced when pot ale is used. In addition, pot ale provides essential nutrients to the microorganisms, particularly providing a source of nitrogen which improves the fermentation and overall conversion of substrate to products. The use of organic waste or by-product as the carbohydrate source in the substrate provides a solution to the disposal of these substances. The method provides a solution to the disposal of waste paper, e.g. old newspapers or used photocopier paper.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a product comprising butanol and/or acetone manufactured according to the process (P1).
NOVELTY - A carbon nanotube catalyst layer (A) is formed on a substrate (B). Then, the carbon nanotube catalyst layer (A') is formed on a substrate (B'). The catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B) is joined with one surface of a polymer electrolytic membrane (12). The substrate (B') is arranged parallel to catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B) or substrate (B'). The catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B') is joined with other side of electrolytic membrane and then substrates (B and B') are removed, to obtain fuel cell.    USE - Manufacture of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently provides fuel cell by suppressing the non-uniformity in distribution of contact machine inside of fuel cell stack. The fuel cell has excellent output characteristics, durability and electric power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon nanotube catalyst layer (A) is formed on a substrate (B) such that the layer is inclined with respect to thickness direction of the substrate (B). Then, the carbon nanotube catalyst layer (A') is formed on a substrate (B') such that the layer is inclined with respect to thickness direction of the substrate (B'). The catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B) is joined with one surface of a polymer electrolytic membrane (12). The substrate (B') is arranged parallel to catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B) or parallel to catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B'). The catalyst layer formation surface of substrate (B') is joined with other side of electrolytic membrane and then substrates (B and B') are removed, to obtain fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic cross-sectional view of fuel cell.    Polymer electrolyte membrane (12)    Anode (14)    Cathode (16)    Membrane electrode assembly (18)    Separators (20,22)
NOVELTY - The apparatus (40) has a diffuser (42) which discharges bubble to the pumping tube (41) and pumps up the to-be-processed water in the processing tank. The horizontal arrangement is carried out in water pipe (43) to transfer the water pumped up by the pumping tube to horizontal direction. The separation wall (48) carries out the channeling of the to-be-processed water and separates the bubble from the to-be-processed water. The deaeration portion (44) releases the bubble in the upstream of the separation wall.    USE - Air lift pump apparatus of water treatment facility (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus can effectively eliminate the problem of bubble diffuses on liquid level and bubble deposits thickly in the processing tank. The bubble flow is prevented by the separation wall and guide wall, so that the foaming layer spread on the liquid level of the anaerobic tank can be prevented effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side sectional view of the air lift pump apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text)    Air lift pump apparatus (40)    Pumping tube (41)    Diffuser (42)    Water pipe (43)    Deaeration portion (44)    Separation wall (48)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of ethanol involves using biomass gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and catalyst containing rhodium and manganese.    USE - Manufacture of ethanol e.g. bioethanol used as alternative fuel and raw material for chemical product.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently and economically provides ethanol by simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for ethanol manufacturing system, which has a floating external heating gasifier which obtains biomass gas by gasifying biomass, ethanol manufacturing apparatus which manufactures ethanol, and pressure-swing-adsorption type purifier which purifies the biomass gas.
NOVELTY - A waste-material carbonizing machine structure has a heating medium having specific heat lower than the specific heat of air, through which a carbonization target object is heated and carbonized.    USE - Machine structure is used for carbonizing solid waste materials e.g. scrap wood, waste plastics, waste clothing and waste oil.    ADVANTAGE - The waste material is carbonized with reduced consumption of energy using the machine. Effective recycling of solid waste material is enabled.
NOVELTY - A gel has interpenetrating network structure comprising network structure (a) formed by polymerizing and crosslinking monomer (m1) and network structure (b) formed in network structure (a) by introducing monomer (m2) in network structure (a), and polymerizing and crosslinking the monomer (m2). The monomer (m1) is electrically-neutral monofunctional unsaturated monomer. The network structure (a) comprises crosslinking agent containing monomer (m1) and polyfunctional unsaturated monomer (m3) having polyalkylene glycol structure.    USE - The gel is used in water-absorbing resin, paper diaper, sanitary product, soft contact lens, water-containing sheet for indoor gardening, drug delivery system, wound dressing, packing film, shock-absorbing material, impact-absorbing agent, cushion material and designable sheet, and as artificial skin, artificial joint, artificial muscle, artificial blood vessel, artificial cartilage, artificial internal organs, prosthetic arm, artificial leg, cell culture sheet, coolant, moisturizer, soil modifier for outdoor environment, nursery, fertilizer, and medicinal applications.    ADVANTAGE - The gel has excellent strength, flexibility and transparency, and low corrosivity with respect to metal, does not deteriorate easily, and is environmentally-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of gel.
NOVELTY - A solid fuel (1) consists of a residual solid content obtained by fermenting an organic waste mixed under pressurization under supply or air.    USE - Solid fuel is useful as supplementary fuel of boiler fuels.    ADVANTAGE - The solid fuel can be easily and quickly manufactured by using organic waste, such as sewage sludge, plastic waste, and sawdust, as raw material. The solid fuel has excellent storage stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solid fuel, which involves preprocessing by mixing organic waste using a pressure kneader (3), fermenting while stirring the preprocessed material (30) with supply of air in a heat-insulation fermenter (4), pulverizing by dropping the fermented material (40) to a moving blade (65), and dispersing in air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic block diagram of the manufacturing system of solid fuel. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Solid fuel (1)    Pressure kneader (3)    Fermenter (4)    Preprocessed material (30)    Fermented material (40)    Ground material (60)    Moving blade (65)
NOVELTY - The apparatus (40) has a pumping tube (41) which is standingly arranged by the aerobic tank (30). The upper-end height of the pumping tube is set to the height below the minimum water level of aerobic tank in the region where the water pipe is arranged. The de-aeration unit (44) which air-releases the bubble supplied to pumping tube is provided in the water pipe. A current meter (50) is installed in the downstream while the downstream of de-aeration portion is arranged among the water pipes at height lower than the minimum water level of aerobic tank.    USE - Air lift pump apparatus used in wastewater treatment facility (claimed) for treating domestic wastewater.    ADVANTAGE - The air lift pump apparatus can precisely measure the flow volume of to-be-processed water, and the installation cost and running cost can be reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the air lift pump apparatus.    Aerobic tank (30)    Air lift pump apparatus (40)    Pumping tube (41)    De-aeration unit (44)    Current meter (50)
NOVELTY - Naphtha boiling range hydrocarbon composition (derived or produced from a biorenewable feedstock having monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and/or free fatty acids), comprises: total n-paraffins and iso-paraffins (greater than 90 wt.%); and total aromatics (less than 1 wt.%).    USE - The naphtha boiling range hydrocarbon composition is useful: for producing bio-based hexane product (claimed); and as a fuel (for industrial burners, boilers, and turbines), gasoline blend stock, solvent (for food-contact applications) and a hydrogen source.    ADVANTAGE - The naphtha boiling range hydrocarbon composition: is biorenewable and provides the bio-based hexane product, which is free from oxygenates and benzene, hence less toxic than petroleum-based naphtha; has high hydrogen-carbon ratio; and can be blended (as a fuel or fuel additive) to ethanol (that suffers from low vapor pressures and low energy density), thus improving the energy density of the automobiles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a product produced from the biorenewable feedstock, comprising the naphtha boiling range hydrocarbon, where the product is a benzene-free solvent.
NOVELTY - Disclosed is a method of producing insulation material for household and industrial waste dumping sites. Waste water residue is detoxified with a humic reagent taken in amount of 0.3-10 wt % per dry substance of the waste water residue. The product of detoxifying the waste water residue with a humic reagent is then treated with a preparation of biologically active microorganisms for biodegradation and disinfection of excrement Fermentation accelerator UF-1 or a preparation of biologically active microorganisms for accelerated treatment of livestock wastes Tamir. The amount of the preparation of biologically active microorganisms ranges from 0.05 l to 1.00 l per ton of dry substance of waste water residue.    USE - Chemistry.    ADVANTAGE - Method enables stabilisation of insulation material, low content of inorganic and organic toxic agents therein. 6 tbl, 2 ex
NOVELTY - Procedure for fabrication of briquettes consists in preparation of raw materials, in loading into briquetting device, in briquetting and in briquettes drying. As carbon containing materials there is used peat and/or plant residues and/or wood wastes. Raw material is prepared in a disk extruder at temperature 70-100 degrees C and humidity 45-60 %.    USE - Machine building.    ADVANTAGE - Production of briquetted fuel from various kinds of carbon containing materials possessing high qualitative indices; reduced expenditures for production. 2 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex
NOVELTY - The method comprises operating a solid oxide reversible cell in electrolysis mode at a thermo-neutral voltage of 1-1.3 V to generate a fuel mixture that comprises 10% of methane, providing the stored 10% methane-containing fuel mixture and oxygen or air to the solid oxide reversible cell, and operating the solid oxide reversible cell in a fuel cell mode using the provided fuel, and oxygen or air to produce electricity. The electrolysis mode is operated at an operating pressure of 5-100 atmospheres and an operating temperature of 500-700 degrees C, and is operated under conditions.    USE - The method is useful for production of fuel such as a hydrocarbon, an alcohol and pure methane to produce electricity (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures efficient, easy and economical production of pure fuel with high conversion efficiency and round-trip efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises operating a solid oxide reversible cell in electrolysis mode at a thermo-neutral voltage of 1-1.3 V to generate a fuel mixture that comprises 10% of methane, providing the stored 10% methane-containing fuel mixture and oxygen or air to the solid oxide reversible cell, and operating the solid oxide reversible cell in a fuel cell mode using the provided fuel, and oxygen or air to produce electricity. The electrolysis mode is operated at an operating pressure of 5-100 atmospheres and an operating temperature of 500-700 degrees C, and is operated under conditions. The thermal-neutral voltage is equal to the Nernst potential. The fuel cell mode is operated at an operating pressure of 5-100 atmospheres and an operating temperature of 500-700 degrees C. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a method for electrical energy storage; and    (2) a reversible solid oxide cell energy storage system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of an solid oxide electrochemical cell energy storage system.
NOVELTY - A heat treatment equipment of biomass comprises heat-processing tank (10), conveying unit (11A), and liquid projection unit (21). The biomass containing water content supplied from one edge part of heat-processing tank is conveyed at the other edge part on heating conditions so that liquid projection unit might project projection liquid toward conveying unit.    USE - A heat treatment equipment of biomass.    ADVANTAGE - The improvement of yield and prevention of obstruction of exhaust passage are attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a heat-processing method of biomass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of heat treatment equipment of biomass. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat-processing tank (10)    Conveying unit (11A)    Material input opening (15)    Chemical solution supply device (16)    Liquid projection unit (21)
NOVELTY - A wastewater treatment facility comprises sedimentation tank which carries out precipitation removal of solid substance in waste water, sewage residue removal mechanism (33) which separates and removes sewage residue from waste water for process path of waste water in sedimentation tank and biological treatment tank (20), and sewage residue transport mechanism (36) which transfers sewage residue separated by sewage residue removal mechanism to wastewater inflow side of sedimentation tank.    USE - A wastewater treatment facility.    ADVANTAGE - The treatment facility can be constructed at low cost even if installation space is restricted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A wastewater treatment facility comprises sedimentation tank which carries out precipitation removal of solid substance in waste water, sewage residue removal mechanism (33) which separates and removes sewage residue from waste water for process path of waste water in sedimentation tank and biological treatment tank (20), and sewage residue transport mechanism (36) which transfers sewage residue separated by sewage residue removal mechanism to wastewater inflow side of sedimentation tank. The biological treatment tank is arranged in row by back stage of sedimentation tank in which organic component in waste water is decomposed and removed. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) sewage disposal method; and    (2) reconstruction of the wastewater treatment facility.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an explanatory view of the wastewater treatment facility. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Biological treatment tank (20)    Diffuser (30)    Sewage residue removal mechanism (33)    Sewage residue transport mechanism (36)    Primary sedimentation basin (91)
NOVELTY - The method involves removing dust in generated gas using filter. Biomass in one or more predetermined atmosphere is burned after completing normal driving of gasifier.    USE - Operating method of gasifier.    ADVANTAGE - Consumption of fossil fuel for burning of gasifier can be reduced effectively, so that the waste gas can be removed easily by using filter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gasifier operating system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flowchart illustrating the operating process of gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Step for supplying biomass to gasifier (S2)    Step for increasing feed rate of combustion air (S3)    Step for controlling opening degree of valve (S5)    Step for maintaining temperature degree of furnace (S10)    Step for stopping supply of biomass (S12)
NOVELTY - The device has a material cylinder arranged at a feeding port of a spiral feeder. A discharge port of the spiral feeder is connected with a lower side of a vertical drying and lifting cylinder. Bottom of the drying and lifting cylinder is connected with an air outlet of a draught fan. Top of the drying and lifting cylinder is connected with an inlet of a cyclone separator, where diameter of the drying and lifting cylinder is 60-200 mm and height is 1000-30000 mm.    USE - Airflow-type biological oil biomass drying and modification pre-processing device.    ADVANTAGE - The device realizes drying and modification pre-processing of biomass material at high-temperature smoke of a pyrolysis reactor heating unit, so that the device avoids need of extra energy for a drying process. The device adjusts drying temperature and drying time of the biomass material by adjusting airflow and temperature of dry airflow and realizes pointed drying according to characteristic of the biomass material and biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction. The device realizes a wood cellulose structure of biomass by modification pretreatment in the drying process so as to improve pyrolysis volatile rate and yield and to reduce water content in biological oil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of an airflow-type biological oil biomass drying and modification pre-processing device.
NOVELTY - The cartridge has an outer filter element whose top end cap (4c) and bottom end cap (4e) are attached to opposite ends of outer pleated filter material. Inner pleated filter material of an inner filter element directly or indirectly makes contact with outer non-pleated filter material. A top end cap (6c) and a bottom end cap (6d) of the inner filter element are attached to opposite ends of the outer non-pleated filter material and the inner pleated filter material. The outer pleated filter material comprises polymeric material i.e. thermoplastic material.    USE - Filter cartridge i.e. thermoplastic filter-in-filter cartridge, for a fuel water separation system (all claimed) to separate a dispersed phase i.e. water, from a continuous phase e.g. hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel such as ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel and biodiesel.    ADVANTAGE - The cartridge increases removal efficiency, removes smaller droplets, and improves coalescing efficiency. The pleated layers capture solid contaminants and droplets, which are not removed by upstream layers of the outer filter element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a fuel water separation system comprising hydrophobic media    (2) a method for removing water dispersed in hydrocarbon fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a filter cartridge.    Pleated filter media (4a)    Top end cap of outer filter element (4c)    Bottom end cap of outer filter element (4e)    Top end cap of inner filter element (6c)    Bottom end cap of inner filter element (6d)
NOVELTY - Catalyst for the photo-electrolysis of water molecules comprises a catalytic group comprising spinels having a cubical core.    USE - The catalyst is used for the electrolytic hydrolysis of water and the oxidation of hydrocarbons comprising the continuous thermal conversion of alkanes to alcohols (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is made from low-cost earth-abundant materials, particularly those used in connection with photoelectrochemicals. It provides transition metal oxide (TMO) exhibiting high activities, simpler synthetic routes, and compatibility with PEC device fabrication.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalyst for the photo-electrolysis of water molecules comprises a catalytic group comprising A1-xB2-yB'yO4 spinels having a cubical M4O4 core, where A is lithium (Li) or sodium (Na), B and B' are independently any transition metal or main group metal, M is B, B', or both, x is 0-1, and y is 0-2. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a photo-anode for the electrolysis of water comprising: (a) an electrode substrate; and (b) the catalyst for the photo-electrolysis of water molecules, where at least some of the catalytic groups supported by the support substrate are able to catalytically interact with water molecules incorporated into the support substrate;    (2) a photo-electrochemical cell for the electrolysis of water comprising: (a) a chamber capable of containing an aqueous electrolyte; (b) a cathode in contact with the aqueous electrolyte when the chamber contains the aqueous electrolyte; and (c) the photo-anode, where the photo-anode capable of being electrically connected to the anode in contact with the aqueous electrolyte when the chamber contains the aqueous electrolyte; and    (3) a method for preparing a photo-electrochemical cell for use in the photo-electrolysis of water.
NOVELTY - A Pythium nunn (FERM BP-11338 or FERM BP-11339) comprising nucleotide sequence capable of exhibiting 99% or more homology to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) comprising base pair sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, is new. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication.    USE - The P.nunn is useful in agent for controlling plant disease caused by Pythium microorganism, preferably P.ultimum. The plant is chosen from cucumber seedling, tomato seedling, crowbar seedling, and oats seedling (all claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) agent comprising microbial cell of P.nunn; (2) soil for cultivation, which is proliferated with the P.nunn; (3) method for improving soil for cultivation, involves adding fertilizer and fresh organic substance to the soil; (4) plant seed coated by coating agent containing the microbial cell of P.nunn; (5) plant seedling germinated or grown in soil containing the P.nunn or plant disease control agent; and (6) potted seedling comprising the soil and plant seedling.
NOVELTY - Method for producing aqueous refined sugar solution using cellulose containing biomass as raw material, involves decomposing the cellulose containing biomass to produce aqueous sugar solution, producing flocculation in the aqueous sugar solution with flocculating agent, allowing aqueous sugar solution to pass through microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane to filter the aqueous sugar solution, and collecting aqueous sugar solution.    USE - The method is useful for producing aqueous refined sugar solution for manufacturing chemical products (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method removes biomass residues generated during process and thus clogging of microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane is prevented, produces refined sugar solution with long-term stability, and is simple, rapid and environmentally-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method for producing aqueous refined sugar solution using cellulose containing biomass as raw material, involves (a) decomposing the cellulose containing biomass to produce aqueous sugar solution, (b) producing flocculation in the aqueous sugar solution produced in step (a) with flocculating agent to produce aqueous sugar solution having average particle diameter of 2 mu m or more when measured by particle size distribution method, and (c) allowing the aqueous sugar solution produced in step (b) to pass through microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane to filter the aqueous sugar solution, and collecting aqueous sugar solution from the permeated side of the microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method for manufacturing chemical products, which involves using the above-mentioned refined sugar aqueous solution as fermentation ingredient.
NOVELTY - An adsorber (2) is packed with a molecular sieve ( alpha ), which adsorbs ethane and/or propylene, and activated carbon ( beta ) which adsorbs isobutane and/or n-butane. Then, gaseous low-purity propane which contains ethane and/or propylene and isobutane and/or n-butane as impurities is introduced into the adsorber and the impurities in propane are adsorbed by the molecular sieve and the activated carbon. The gas passed through the adsorber is collected as high-purity propane.    USE - Purification of propane used as raw material for silicon carbide semiconductor, liquefied petroleum gas and as fuel for thermal power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently and economically provides high-purity propane using simple process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for purifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic structure of propane.    Purifier (1)    Adsorber (2)    Gas-introduction port (2c)    Gas-recovery port (2d)    Shut-off valve (3)    Molecular sieve (alpha)    Activated carbon (beta)
NOVELTY - Conducting an enzymatic process in which the enzymes are recovered and reused in at least a second iteration of the process, comprises (a) providing a heterogeneous substrate solution, (b) adding an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to the heterogeneous substrate solution, and (c) allowing an enzymatic reaction of the substrate to proceed, where, after completion of the step (c) for each iteration, the enzyme is recovered from the mixture resulting from the step (c) by e.g. (i) conducting a non-packed-bed adsorption process comprising contacting the reaction mixture with an adsorbent.    USE - The method is useful for producing biofuel including ethanol fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides biofuel with improved yield in an economical manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Conducting an enzymatic process in which the enzymes are recovered and reused in at least a second iteration of the process, comprises (a) providing a heterogeneous substrate solution, in which the substrate is fully soluble, partially soluble or insoluble, (b) adding an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to the heterogeneous substrate solution, and (c) allowing an enzymatic reaction of the substrate to proceed, where, after completion of the step (c) for each iteration, the enzyme is recovered from the mixture resulting from the step (c) by (i) conducting a non-packed-bed adsorption process comprising contacting the reaction mixture with an adsorbent that adsorbs the enzyme to separate the enzyme from the reaction mixture resulting from the step (c), (ii) optionally washing unbound material from the adsorbent, and (iii) desorbing the enzyme from the adsorbent and using the desorbed enzyme in the step (b) of at least one subsequent iteration of the process.
NOVELTY - Reducing a bisphenol compound content of a wastewater using a membrane bioreactor containing a biomass in a volatile suspended solid (VSS) form, involves operating continuously the membrane bioreactor to reduce bisphenol compound content when bisphenol compound volumetric load is below 108 g m-3 d-1; or monitoring and regulating a bisphenol compound volumetric load below 108 g m-3 d-1 to continuously reduce bisphenol compound content in bioreactor.    USE - For reducing bisphenol compound (e.g. Bisphenol A, Bisphenol B, Bisphenol P or Bisphenol Z) content of wastewater (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process provide submerged membrane bioreactor system and biological methods to remove bisphenol compound from municipal wastewaters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for membrane bioreactor containing a biomass in a VSS form comprising a biomass capable of receiving a volumetric load of up to 108 g m-3 d-1 of bisphenol compound content in a wastewater, for reducing bisphenol compound content from wastewater.
NOVELTY - Obtaining glucosamine from fungal biomass comprises providing a chitin-containing fungal biomass, which has not been pretreated to release its components, reacting the non-pretreated fungal biomass in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 90-160 degrees C and for a period of time sufficient for the reaction to convert at least 50% of the chitin in the fungal biomass to glucosamine, and separating the glucosamine from the acidic solution.    USE - The method is useful for obtaining glucosamine suitable for animal and/or human consumption. The glucosamine is useful as a nutraceutical supplement for: providing therapeutic relief for arthritis and joint pain; and restoring cartilage to relieve inflammation in joints. No biological data given.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces glucosamine as non-animal product in an economical, safe, kosher and environmentally friendly manner with high-quality. The glucosamine produced by the method is devoid of protein allergens that are found in glucosamine produced from shellfish.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) producing a commercial-scale amount of a glucosamine and levulinic acid composition suitable for human consumption comprising providing a chitin-containing fungal biomass, which has not been pretreated to release proteins, lipids and/or polysaccharides within it, reacting the non-pretreated fungal biomass in 5% HCl solution at 90-160 degrees C to produce levulinic acid and to convert at least 50% of the chitin in the biomass to the glucosamine during the reaction, and separating the glucosamine and levulinic acid from HCl; and    (2) a food supplement comprising glucosamine derived from whole fungal biomass and levulinic acid or 0.001-1 wt.% of melanoidins.
NOVELTY - Producing (M1) extracted lipid involves obtaining transgenic phototrophic organism or its part containing exogenous monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), where the transgenic phototrophic organism or its part has increased level of non-polar lipid when compared to such organism or its part lacking the exogenous MGAT, and extracting the lipid from the transgenic phototrophic organism or its part.    USE - For producing extracted lipid (claimed). The lipid is used as food oils; are refined and used as lubricants or for other industrial uses such as the synthesis of plastics; and are refined to produce biodiesel. The plant lipids such as seedoil triaclyglycerols (TAGs) is used as culinary uses (shortening, texture, flavor), industrial uses (in soaps, candles, perfumes, cosmetics, suitable as drying agents, insulators, lubricants) and provide nutritional value.    ADVANTAGE - The method demonstrates that the transgenic expression of MGAT gene or related gene results in significant increases in lipid yield in cells such as plant cells; and identifies new pathway for the synthesis of DAG and TAG in transgenic organisms such as plants, which is different to the well-known Kennedy pathway.
NOVELTY - The combustor has a spiral rod (4-3) whose upper part is equipped with a material isolator (4-5). The material isolator is connected with an extension rod (4-6). A storage hopper (4-7) is located above the material isolator. A material lacking alarm (4-8) and a temperature probe (4-21) are arranged on the storage hopper. A primary wind distribution pipe (4-11) is placed under an electric ignition device (4-13). A wind separation box (4-10) is connected with a blast fan (4-9) that is connected to bottom of a gasification chamber (4-1) by a base lifting screw regulator (4-19).    USE - Full-automatic efficient biomass particle combustor.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor has high automatic degree, high heat efficiency and safe utilization effect.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of a full-automatic efficient biomass particle combustor in partial section.    Gasification chamber (4-1)    Spiral rod (4-3)    Material isolator (4-5)    Extension rod (4-6)    Storage hopper (4-7)    Material lacking alarm (4-8)    Blast fan (4-9)    Wind separation box (4-10)    Primary wind distribution pipe (4-11)    Electric ignition device (4-13)    Base lifting screw regulator (4-19)    Temperature probe (4-21)
NOVELTY - The furnace has a lifting pipe (1) provided with a feeding part. An air distribution system is fixed in the lifting pipe and provided with an air chamber (5). A grid plate (4) is fixed on an upper part of the air chamber. A cap is fixed on an air distribution plate, an upper part of the lifting pipe and an inlet of a cyclone separator (10). The cyclone separator is equipped with an outlet pipe (11). A returning device (7) is connected with the cyclone separator.    USE - Biomass circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.    ADVANTAGE - The furnace has high-efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a biomass circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.    Lifting pipe (1)    Grid plate (4)    Air chamber (5)    Returning device (7)    Cyclone separator (10)    Outlet pipe (11)
NOVELTY - The device (10) supplies electric power to electric tool (1). The adapter (11) is electrically connected with electric tool. The fuel cell is provided to generate electric power that is supplied to electric tool through adapter by oxidizing fuel and oxidizing agent. The charging device is provided to charge secondary battery (15). The electrical storage apparatus has electrical storage function to conserve electric power supplied from fuel cell, and discharge function to supply electric power to electric tool through adapter.    USE - Power supply device for electric tool.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell can restart an electric power generation easily by replenishing a fuel when the residual amount of a fuel is reduced. Since time required in replenishing a fuel is short compared with the time normally required in order to charge the secondary battery of deep discharge state to full-charge state. The device can shorten the downtime of the operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of power supply device.    Electric tool (1)    Battery pack (1A)    Power supply device (10)    Adapter (11)    Secondary battery (15)
NOVELTY - Processing particulate carbonaceous feedstock comprises: simultaneously subjecting feedstock to a particle size reduction process and pyrolysis.    USE - The method and plant are useful for processing particulate carbonaceous feedstock (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method and plant can be efficiently and cost-effectively used for grinding pyrolysis of particulate carbonaceous feedstock such as, but not limited to, biomass or coal, particularly although not exclusively, for the production of one or more or a combination of: organic vapor, organic liquid (frequently in the form of oil) and char.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is a plant for simultaneous grinding and pyrolysis of particulate carbonaceous feedstock, comprising: a machine capable of reducing particle size of the feedstock; and, a heat source capable of heating the feedstock while the machine operates to reduce the particle size of the feedstock to effect pyrolysis of the feedstock.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a system for processing particulate carbonaceous feedstock.    Plant (20)    Grinding pyrolyzer (22)    Ball mill (24)    Rotatable vessel or drum (26)    Balls (28)    Bin (30)    Chute (32, 40)    Biomass dryer (34)    Line (36)    Hopper (38)    Inlet trunnion (42)    Discharge trunnion (44)    Particle collector (46)    Conduit (48, 66, 70, 74)    Separator (50)    Screen (52)    Discharge chute (54)    Conveyor system (56)    Heater (58)    Char holder (60)    Condensation train (62)    Fan (64)    Gas burner (68)    Inclined grid (72)    Longitudinal axis (80)
NOVELTY - Drying coal, comprises: charging coal to a fluidized bed reactor, where the coal has an average moisture content of 15-50%, and the fluidized bed reactor is comprised of a fluidized bed with a fluidized bed density of 20-50 pounds per cubic foot; charging air to the fluidized bed reactor at a velocity of 4-8 feet per second; subjecting the coal to a temperature of 230-350 degrees C; and removing water from the coal, where the fluidized bed reactor is a fluidized bed with a fluidized bed density of 20-50 pounds per cubic foot.    USE - The process is useful for coal drying and biomass torrefaction in fluidized bed reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The improved process is capable of simultaneously coal drying and biomass torrefaction simultaneous in fluidized bed reactors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for biomass torrefaction, comprising: charging biomass to a fluidized bed reactor, where the biomass charged to the fluidized bed reactor has an average moisture content of 15-50%; charging air to the fluidized bed reactor at a velocity of 3-8 feet per second; subjecting the biomass to a temperature of 230-350 degrees C, where the air is heated using heat recovered from heated gas taken from the fluidized bed reactor, heated gas taken from the reactor associated with drying coal, or heated gas taken from the process emissions control device; and torrefying the biomass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial schematic view of stacked fluid bed reactor for drying coal and biomass.    Lower fluid bed reactor (702)    Coal cooler (726)    Upper portion (746)    Cooler. (760)