TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves contacting the nanoparticles with additional ionomer and pressurizing the nanoparticles again to increase the thickness or weight percentage of the ionomer coating the nanoparticles; drying the nanoparticles; pretreating the nanoparticles by exposure to a vacuum or by sonication; pretreating the nanoparticles by etching in an argon plasma; and controlling the depth of ionomer coating by adjusting the extent of the etching. The contacting involves spraying or brushing the ionomer onto the nanoparticles. The pressurizing involves pressurizing the vessel to a pressure of at least 100 psi. The pressurizing involves contacting the nanoparticles with isopropyl alcohol. The pressure vessel is pressurized by introducing a pressurized gas, or by applying force to a liquid with a mechanically driven piston. The pressure vessel is pressurized using an impact or an explosive. The contacting the nanoparticles with the ionomer precedes the placing the nanoparticles in the pressure vessel, where the ionomer comprises a polymer or copolymer. In the method (M2), the pressurizing comprises pressurizing the mixture to a pressure of at least 100 psi. The method (M2) further involves applying a thin film to the nanoparticles by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are selected from nanotubes, nanofibers, nanohorns, nanopowders, nanospheres, and quantum dots, preferably carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are seeded with at least one catalyst comprising at least one material selected from cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), and zirconium (Zr). The carbon nanotubes are seeded with at least one catalyst selected from FexNiyCo1-x-y, Co1-x1Mox1, Co1-x2-y1Nix2Moy1, Co1-x3-y2-zNix3Vy2Crz, Ni1-x4-y3Mox4Aly3, and Co1-x5-y4Nix5Aly4 . The carbon nanotubes are seeded with at least one catalyst selected from Co8.8Mo1.2, Co2.2Ni5.6Mo2.2, Co5.7Ni2.1V1.1Cr1.1, Ni8.0Mo1.0Al1.0, and Co6.4Ni2.4Al1.2. The ionomer comprises a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid ionomer. The nanoparticles are attached to a substrate. The substrate comprises several conductive fibers. The conductive fibers comprise carbon fibers. The nanoparticles comprise carbon nanotubes or quantum dots.x=0-1;y=0-1;x1=0-0.3;x2=0.1-0.7;y1=0-0.3;x3=0-0.7;y2=0-0.2;z=0-0.2;x4=0-0.2;y3=0-0.2;x5=0-0.7;y=0-0.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive fibers comprise a porous electrode. The conductive fibers comprise carbon paper, or carbon cloth, or carbon-impregnated polymer. The conductive fibers comprise a porous metal sheet. The liquefied polymer comprises an ionomer or a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid ionomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.