TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: When the reactive oxidizer is a gas, then introducing a reactive oxidizer involves mixing the reactive oxidizer with a carrying gas for delivery to polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic material, where the reactive oxidizer is 1 Torr of pressure, and the carrier gas is 10 Torr of pressure, and a base pressure is less than 100 milliTorr (mTorr). When vacancy substituting agent is in a gaseous state, then treating the polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic material with the vacancy substituting agent involves exposing the polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic material to the vacancy substituting agent at a specified temperature for specified period of time. When vacancy substituting agent is included in a methanol solution, then treating the polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic material with the vacancy substituting agent involves dipping the polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic material into the methanol solution for a first period of time; and removing the polycrystalline thin film material from the methanol solution; and exposing the thin film material to a specified temperature for a second period of time. The defect complexes are single acceptors formed from a double acceptors compensated by single donors. The double acceptor is cadmium vacancies and the single donor is a halogen substitution of tellurium. The defect complexes include at least one of cadmium vacancy as double acceptor-fluorine substitution of xenon as single donor, cadmium vacancy as double acceptor-chlorine substitution of tellurium as single donor, cadmium vacancy as double acceptor-bromine substitution of tellurium as single donor, and cadmium vacancy as double acceptor-iodine substitution of tellurium as single donor. The noble metal is substituted for at least one of the vacancies. Preferred solar Cell: In the solar cell (S1), the defect complex has a concentration of greater than or equal to 1x 1016 cm-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vacancy substituting agent is at least one of cadmium chloride, cadmium fluoride, cadmium bromide, and cadmium iodide. The reactive oxidizer and the vacancy substituting agent include a common element of at least one of F and Cl. The double acceptor is a cadmium vacancy. The single donor is a halogen substitution of tellurium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.