TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Each of the first polarity electrode active material layers comprises one active material selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, or carbonaceous material; lithium-titanium complex oxide (LTO), a metal (Me) such as silicon (Si), tin (Sn), lithium (Li), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Ce), nickel (Ni) or iron (Fe); an alloy of the metals (Me); a metal oxide (MeOx) of the metals (Me); a complex of the metal (Me) and carbon; and its mixtures. Each of the second polarity electrode active material layers comprises one active material selected from LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiCoPO4, LiFePO4, LiNiMnCoO2, LiNi1-x-y-zCoxM1yM2zO2 (where M1 and M2 are independently selected from aluminum (Al), Ni, cobalt (Co), Fe, manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), Mg and molybdenum (Mo), and x, y and z are independently an atomic fraction of oxide-forming elements, in which 0 less than or equal to x not less than 0.5, 0 less than or equal to y not less than 0.5, 0 less than or equal to z not less than 0.5, and x+y+z less than or equal to 1), and its mixtures. The first polarity current collector comprises one selected from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or copper; stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver; an aluminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer surface-treated with a conductive material; and a conductive polymer. The second polarity current collector comprises one selected from stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or copper; stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver; an aluminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer surface-treated with a conductive material; and a conductive polymer. The conductive material comprises at least one selected from polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfurnitride, indium tin oxide (ITO), copper, silver, palladium, nickel, and its mixtures. It comprises at least one selected from polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polysulfurnitride, and its mixtures. Electrolyte layer comprises one selected from a gel-type polymer electrolyte using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) or poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC) and a solid electrolyte using PEO, polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene sulfide (PES) or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The electrolyte layer further comprises a lithium salt, where the lithium salt comprises at least one selected from lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium iodide (LiI), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), LiB10Cl10, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), LiCF3CO2, lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF6), LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic lithium carbonate, and lithium tetraphenylborate. The first polarity is a cathode and the second polarity is an anode.