TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Reagent: The high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises at least 55-95 wt.% total carbon on a dry basis. The reagent comprises fixed carbon and carbon from volatile matter, where the carbon from volatile matter is at least 5-40% of the total carbon. The reagent comprises 10 wt.% or 5 wt.% or less hydrogen on a dry basis; 20 wt.% or less oxygen on a dry basis, or about 1 wt.% and about 10 wt.% oxygen on a dry basis; 1 wt.% or 0.5 wt.% or less nitrogen on a dry basis; 0.5 wt.% or 0.2 wt.% or less phosphorus on a dry basis; 0.2 wt.% or 0.1 wt.% or less sulfur on a dry basis; and 10 wt.% or 1 wt.% or less non-combustible matter on a dry basis. The reagent further comprises moisture. The reagent has an energy content of at least 11,000-14,700 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The reagent also comprises at least one process additive incorporated during the process; at least one product additive introduced to the reagent following the process, where the process additive and/or the product additive are selected to maintain the structural integrity or mechanical strength of the high-carbon biogenic reagent relative to the feedstock. The process additive and/or the product additive are selected to increase the carbon content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent. The process additive and/or the product additive are selected to increase the energy content of the high-carbon biogenic reagent. The biomass is prepared by milling wood to form a set of biomass pieces of substantially uniform size and shape. The biomass further comprises an additive. The biogenic reagent comprises a first fixed carbon content, where the first fixed carbon content is greater than a second fixed carbon content associated with a second biogenic reagent prepared by pyrolyzing a second biomass, where the second biomass is essentially free of the additive. A first mass yield of the biogenic reagent is greater than a second mass yield of a second biogenic reagent prepared from the second biomass, where the second biomass comprises biomass pieces of substantially non-uniform size and/or shape. Prior to step (b) the biomass is sized using a saw. The coke strength after reaction (CSR) value associated with the biogenic reagent is greater than a second CSR value associated with a second biogenic reagent prepared from a second biomass, where the second biomass is sized by chipping or shearing. The feedstock is dried over a first period of time of no less than 1 hour in step (b). The CSR value associated with the biogenic reagent is greater than a second CSR value associated with a second biogenic reagent prepared from a second biomass, where the second biomass is dried over a second period of time that is less than or substantially less than the first period of time. The first temperature increase during step (d) occurs at a first rate of about 5 degrees C/minute to about 20 degrees C/minute. The process further comprises the step of preheating the feedstock prior to step (d) to produce a preheated feedstock. The first temperature increase during the preheating step occurs at a first rate of 5-20 degrees C/minute. Alternatively, the high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 5 wt.% or less hydrogen; 1 wt.% or less nitrogen; 0.5 wt.% or less phosphorus; 0.2 wt.% or less sulfur; and an additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination. The additive is selected from magnesium, manganese, aluminum, nickel, chromium, silicon, boron, cerium, molybdenum, phosphorus, tungsten, vanadium, iron halide, iron chloride, iron bromide, magnesium oxide, dolomite, dolomitic lime, fluorite, fluorospar, bentonite, calcium oxide, lime, and combinations. In a second alternative case, the high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 5 wt.% or less hydrogen; 1 wt.% or less nitrogen; 0.5 wt.% or less phosphorus; 0.2 wt.% or less sulfur; and an additive selected from an acid or a salt, or a base or a salt. The additive is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, sodium silicate, potassium permanganate, and combinations. In a third alternative case, the high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 5 wt.% or less hydrogen; 1 wt.% or less nitrogen; 0.5 wt.% or less phosphorus; 0.2 wt.% or less sulfur; a first additive selected from a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, or a combination; and a second additive selected from an acid or a salt, or a base or a salt, where the first additive is different from the second additive. In a fourth alternative case, the high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, non-combustible matter, and an additive selected from magnesium, manganese, aluminum, nickel, chromium, silicon, boron, cerium, molybdenum, phosphorus, tungsten, vanadium, iron halide, iron chloride, iron bromide, magnesium oxide, dolomite, dolomitic lime, fluorite, fluorospar, bentonite, calcium oxide, lime, and combinations; and/or carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, non-combustible matter, and an additive selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, sodium silicate, potassium permanganate, and combinations. The reagent is a fine powder, where the reagent is in the form of structural objects, where the structural objects are derived from pressing, binding, pelletizing, or agglomerating particles. The structural objects have a structure and/or strength that substantially derive from the feedstock source of the carbon. The structural objects have substantially the same structural form as the feedstock source of the carbon. The high-carbon biogenic reagent comprises at least one additive selected to help maintain the structural form prior to use. The majority of the carbon is classified as renewable carbon. Substantially all of the carbon is classified as renewable carbon. Preferred Product: The taconite pellet process addition product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.1 wt.% or less phosphorus; 10 wt.% or less dolomite; 10 wt.% or less calcium oxide; and a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the addition product has a maximum dimension of about 1/8 inches and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The coal replacement product comprises, on a dry basis: at least about 70 wt.% total carbon; and 0.5 wt.% or less sulfur, where the coal replacement product has a heating value of at least about 12,000 BTU/lb on a dry basis and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The coking carbon product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; and a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the coking carbon product has a minimum dimension of about 3/4 inches and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The carbon breeze product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; and a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the carbon breeze product has a maximum dimension of about 1/8 inches and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The fluidized bed product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; and a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the fluidized bed product has a minimum dimension of about 1/4 inches, a maximum dimension of about 2 inches, and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The furnace addition product comprises, on a dry basis: 80 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb; optionally about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of dolomite; optionally about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of dolomitic lime; up to about 5 wt.% of manganese; up to about 5 wt.% of fluorospar; and optionally about 5wt.% to about 10 wt.% of calcium oxide, where the furnace addition product has a minimum dimension of about 3/4 inches, a maximum dimension of about 2 inches, and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The injectable carbon product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb; up to about 10 wt.% of dolomitic lime; and up to about 10 wt.% of calcium oxide, where the injectable carbon product has a maximum dimension of about 1/8 inches and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The ladle addition carbon product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the ladle addition carbon product has a minimum dimension of about 1/4 inches, a maximum dimension of about 1/2 inches, and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The ladle addition carbon product further comprises: up to about 10 wt.% of dolomitic lime; up to about 5 wt.% of manganese; and up to about 5 wt.% of calcium oxide. The met coke product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb; optionally 2-15 wt.% of dolomite; 2-15 wt.% of bentonite; 2-15 wt.% of calcium oxide; and 2-15 wt.% of dolomitic lime, where the met coke product has a minimum dimension of about 3/4 inches, a maximum dimension of about 4 inches, and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The pulverized carbon product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; and a heat value of at least about 12,000 BTU/lb, where the pulverized carbon product has a maximum dimension of about 1/8 inches and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The stoker carbon product comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; 0.4 wt.% or less sulfur; 0.035 wt.% or less phosphorus; and a heat value of at least about 11,000 BTU/lb, where the stoker carbon product has a minimum dimension of about 1 inch, a maximum dimension of about 3 inches, and is substantially free of fossil fuel. The carbon electrode comprises, on a dry basis: 55 wt.% or more total carbon; and 0.5 wt.% or less sulfur, where the carbon electrode is substantially free of fossil fuel. Preferred Method: In manufacturing the metal using the carbon electrode, the metal is aluminum or steel. Preferred Composition: The up-ranked coal composition further comprises a coal product having a first rank, and where the up-ranked coal composition has a second rank greater than the first rank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.