NOVELTY - Extracting various alkaloids from Rauvolfia vomitoria, comprises e.g. taking powder obtained by crushing the R. vomitoria root, adding an acid-containing ethanol solution, stirring, leaching and filtering the mixture to obtain an extract solution, and repeating 2-3 times; mixing the extract solutions, decompressing, heating and concentrating, absorbing the concentrated extract solution with a non-polar macroporous absorption resin, cleaning, eluting, collecting an eluate A1 and B1; respectively decompressing, heating and concentrating the collected eluate A1 and B1.    USE - The method is useful for extracting various alkaloids from R. vomitoria.    ADVANTAGE - The method can extract five alkaloids from one plant once at most; has fewer steps; uses less amount of organic solvent; causes less pollution; and uses simple equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Extracting various alkaloids from Rauvolfia vomitoria, comprises: (i) taking powder obtained by crushing the R. vomitoria root, adding an acid-containing ethanol solution, stirring, leaching and filtering the mixture to obtain an extract solution, and repeating 2-3 times; (ii) mixing the extract solutions, decompressing, heating and concentrating the extract solution, absorbing the concentrated extract solution with a non-polar macroporous absorption resin, cleaning the resin with water, eluting the resin with 40% ethanol, collecting an eluate A1, then eluting the resin with 80% ethanol, and collecting an eluate B1; (iii) respectively decompressing, heating and concentrating the collected eluate A1 and B1, then respectively absorbing the concentrated eluate A1 and B1 with a weakly acidic cation exchange resin, then cleaning the resin with water, eluting the resin with 50% ethanol, and collecting eluate A2 and B2; (iv) respectively regulating the pH of the collected eluate A2 and B2 to 3, decompressing, heating and concentrating the eluates, respectively absorbing the concentrated eluates A2 and B2 with C18 reverse phase chromatography media, eluting the media with an ethanol solution, and collecting the eluates A3 and B3 in sections; and (v) measuring the content of each alkaloid in eluates A3 and B3 collected in sections by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively combining the parts containing serpentine or reserpine or rescinnamine and having higher purity in the eluate B3, respectively decompressing, heating and concentrating these parts until evaporating the liquid to dry, adding an organic solvent for crystallization to obtain crystals of yohimbine, ajmaline, serpentine, reserpine and rescinnamine.