TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active substance; and further comprises a negative electrode binder. The positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active substance; and further comprises a positive electrode binder and conductive additive. The lithium salt comprises LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiSO3CF3, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiTFSI, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, LiGaCl4, LiNO3, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiSCN, LiO3SCF2CF3, LiC6F5SO3, LiO2CCF3, LiSO3F, LiB(C6H5)4, and/or LiB(C2O4)2. The negative electrode active substance is selected from mesophase carbon micro beads (MCMB), vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon nano tubes (CNT), coke, carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, carbon fiber, and/or glassy carbon. The positive electrode active substance is selected from lithiated oxide, lithiated sulfide, lithiated selenide, and lithiated telluride of vanadium, titanium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, niobium, iron, nickel, cobalt and/or manganese. The conductive additive is selected from acetylene black, carbon black, graphite, nickel powder, aluminum powder, titanium powder and/or stainless steel powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode active substance is lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises electrolyte additive (0.01-5 wt.%); and the lithium salt (0.5-1.5 mol/l (M)). Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises ethylene carbonate (EC), propenyl carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, acid anhydrides, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methyl acetamide, N-methyl formamide, dimethyl formamide, gamma -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfite, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, sulfites, sulfates, phosphonates, or their derivatives (preferably carbonate, ester, ether and/or ketone). The ester is selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl acetate (PA). The carbonate comprises ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), vinylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and/or dipropyl carbonate. The compound (b1) is selected from compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ii) (preferably imidazole, imidazole derivative, pyrrole, pyrrole derivative, pyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, 3-butylpyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (D242), pyridazine, pyrimidine, or pyrazine). The compound (a1) comprises maleimide, poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate, bis((4-((vinyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methyl)isophthalate), or triallyl trimellitate (preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide, meta-phenylene bismaleimide, 2,2'-bis(4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl)propane, 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-diethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 4-methyl-1,3-phenylene bismaleimide, 1,6'-bismaleimide-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane, 4,4'-diphenylether bismaleimide, 4,4'-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, 1,3-bis(3-maleimidophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-maleimidophenoxy)benzene, 2,2-bis(4-(para-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(para-maleimidophenyl)-hexafluoropropane, 1,8-bis-maleimidodiethylene glycol, tris(2-maleimidoethyl)amine, poly(ethylene glycol(11)) 4-maleimidophenyl methyl diether terminated, 4-maleimidophenol, 4-maleimido-benzenesulfonic acid, poly(ethylene glycol(11)) 2-maleimidoethyl methyl diether terminated, 2-maleimido propylene glycol 1-(2-methoxyethyl)ether, ethylene glycol 2-maleimidopropyl methyl diether, or poly(dimethsiloxane) bis(3-maleimido-propyl-dimethyl silyl) terminated). The molar ratio of compound (a1) to compound (b1) is 1:1 to 5:1.R1=H, alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, dimethylamino, or NH2;R2=R5=H, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, or NH2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte additive is a narrow polydispersity polymer; and has a polydispersity index of 0.9-1.7, and has a gel permeation chromatogram (GPC) peak time of 19-24 minutes. The electrode binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Teflon, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyamide resin, melamine resin, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) binder. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.