NOVELTY - The system (700) has a flow control device (740) directing working fluid through a fluid conduit (760) along direction. Another fluid conduit allows another working fluid to flow into thermal communication with a heat exchanger (726). Another flow control device directs the latter working fluid to flow through the latter conduit along another direction opposite the former direction such that total temperature drop between a thermoelectric (TE) device (704) and the former working fluid are reduced. An external controller selectively operates the TE device to heat or cool a battery (702a).    USE - Lithium battery thermal management system for an electrical vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system controls temperature, monitors condition of batteries and arrays of batteries to prevent battery failure or safety related failure and improves conditions of a battery operation by managing a thermal environment and by being sufficiently reliable, so that system performance is not degraded, thus decreasing system operating cost by not including significant additional possible failure mechanisms to the system. The system can be environmental-friendly, and does not contain materials that emit greenhouse gases i.e. refrigerants. The TE device increases reliability over that of existing two phase refrigerant system i.e. refrigerant. The system performs higher thermal coefficient of performance to reduce temperature drop across an interface between the working fluid and the heat exchanger, so that the total temperature drop between the TE device and the working fluid can be reduced, thus increasing higher efficiency for the TE device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The working fluids are gas i.e. air. The flow control device is a fluid pump. The thermoelectric device is positioned in close proximity to an electrical device e.g. battery or battery case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of a lithium battery thermal management system that includes a fluid conduit loop.    Lithium battery thermal management system (700)    Batteries (702a-702d)    TE device (704)    Heat exchangers (726, 728)    Flow control device (740)    Fluid conduit (760)