TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: removing the polymer from the electrospun material; and calcination of the precursor to metal, metal oxide, metal alloy and/or ceramic. The calcination of the metal and/or ceramic precursor(s) is performed under inert, oxidative or reductive conditions. The process of electrospinning the fluid stock comprises electrospinning the fluid stock with a second fluid stock about the same or similar axis to produce a layered nanofiber, where the first fluid stock is aqueous and comprising a first polymer. Preferred Composition: The nanofiber comprises at least 33 wt.% of a metal, a metal oxide, metal alloy, a ceramic, a metal precursor and/or a ceramic precursor. The nanofiber comprises a conductive material, where the nanofiber has a conductivity of at least 10% when compared with the conductivity of the conductive material when formed into a sheet. Preferred Components: The fluid stock is an aqueous fluid stock. The metal comprises silver, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, lead, gold, tin or aluminum. The ceramic or metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, carbon, germanium, silicon, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, vanadium oxide, ferroso ferric oxide, tin oxide, tin dioxide, cobalt monoxide, cobalt dioxide, tricobalt tetroxide, hafnium dioxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate or barium strontium titanium trioxide. The metal precursor comprises a metal-ligand complex. The metal-ligand complex is a metal acetate, metal nitrate, metal chloride or metal alko-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyglycolic acid, polyethylene oxide, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose ethers, polyacrylic acid and/or polyisocyanate. The fluid stock comprises the precursor associated with the polymer by covalent or non-covalent interactions. The association of the precursor with the polymer provides a fluid stock comprising precursor uniformly dispersed in it. The polymer and precursor taken together comprise about 1-20 wt.% of the fluid stock. The first polymer is water soluble. The second fluid is aqueous. The second fluid stock comprises a second polymer, where the first and second polymers are optionally the same. The polymer is thermally degradable or chemically degradable polymer. EXAMPLE - Nickel acetate (2 g), a metal precursor, was dissolved in 1 molar of acetic acid solution (20 ml). The solution was stirred for 2 hours to create a homogenous solution of nickel acetate. Hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (1 g) was added in a second solution, and dissolved in deionized water (10 ml). The polymer solution was heated at 95 degrees C and stirred for 2 hours to create a homogenous solution. The nickel acetate solution was then combined with the PVA solution to create a fluid stock. In order to distribute the precursor substantially evenly in the fluid stock, the precursor solution was added gradually to the polymer solution and vigorously stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of precursor to polymer in the fluid feed was 2:1. The obtained fluid stock was electrospun by a gas-assisted technique. The fluid stock was loaded into a syringe pump connected to a spinneret with an inner nozzle and an outer. The distance between the nozzle and the collection plate was kept at 15 cm and the fluid stock was spun at 0.1 ml/minute. A charge of +15 kV was maintained at the collector. The air velocity at the nozzle was 100 m/second. The temperature of the air and fluid stock at the nozzle was 300 K. The electrospun fluid stock was heated for 2 hours at 600 degrees C in an atmosphere of argon gas (100%), and worked up to give a nanofiber.