TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The concentration of the material having low surface energy gradually increases in a direction from the first surface to the second surface. The electrode with high work function and high conductivity further comprises a metal nanowire, a semiconductor nanowire, a metal nanodot, carbon nanotubes, graphene, reduced graphene oxide and/or graphite. At least one portion of the electronic device, which is represented by -S(Z100) or -Si(Z101)(Z102)(Z103) is bonded to the surface of the metal nanowire, semiconductor nanowire, and the metal nanodot, where Z100, Z101, Z102 and Z103 are 1-20C alkyl or 1-20C alkoxy (both optionally substituted), H or halo. The electrode with high work function and high conductivity, is produced by using a composition for forming an electrode, which comprises the conductive material, the material having low surface energy, and a solvent comprising at least one polar organic solvent, preferably ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. The work function of the second surface is 5-6.5 eV. The electronic device is an organic light-emitting device, an organic solar cell, an organic storage device or an organic thin film transistor. The electronic device is an organic light-emitting device comprising an anode, a cathode and an emission layer, which is arranged between the anode and the cathode, and exhibits an ionization potential that is greater by greater than or equal to 0.3 eV than the work function of indium tin oxide electrode, where the electrode with high work function and high conductivity is the anode of the organic light-emitting device, and the second surface of the electrode with high work function and high conductivity, is arranged opposite to the emission layer. The second surface of the electrode with high work function and high conductivity, of the light-emitting device is in contact with the emission layer. The light-emitting device comprises a hole transport layer, which is arranged between the electrode with high work function and high conductivity, and the emission layer, where the second surface of the electrode with high work function and high conductivity is in contact with the hole transport layer. The electronic device is an organic solar cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a photoactive layer, which is arranged between the anode and the cathode, and exhibits an ionization potential, which is greater by greater than or equal to 0.3 eV than the work function of indium tin oxide electrode, where the electrode with high work function and high conductivity is the anode of the organic solar cell, and the second surface of the electrode with high work function and high conductivity, is present opposite to the photoactive layer. The second surface of the electrode with high work function and high conductivity of the organic solar cell is in contact with the photoactive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material having low surface energy is a fluorinated oligomer of formula (X-M1n1-M2m1-M3r1-(G)p1) (IV).X = terminal group;M1 = unit, which is derived from fluorinated monomer that is prepared by condensation reaction of perfluoropolyether alcohol, polyisocyanate, and isocyanate-reactive and non-fluorinated monomer, or derived from 1-20C alkylene (fluorinated);M2 = unit, which is derived from non-fluorinated monomer;M3 = -Si(Y4)(Y5)(Y6);Y4-Y6 = 1-20C alkyl or 6-30C aryl (both optionally substituted), halo or hydrolysable group, where at least one of Y4, Y5 and Y6 is a hydrolyzable group;G = monovalent organic group comprising a chain transfer agent; eithern1 = 1-100; andm1, r1 = 0-100; orn1+m1+r1 = greater than or equal to 2; andp1 = 0-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material having low surface energy is a fluorinated material exhibiting at least one fluorine atom, preferably a fluorinated polymer with substituted difluoromethyl repeating units of formula (-(CF2-CF2)a-(CF(Q1)-CF2)b-) (I), substituted methylene repeating units of formula (-(CH2-CH(Q2))p-(CH2-C(Q3)(Q4))q-) (II), and substituted (2-(1-(difluoro-heptafluoro-propyloxy-methyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-2,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl)-benzene repeating units of formula (III). The conductive material is polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polystyrene, sulfonated polystyrene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), self-doped conductive polymers and/or any derivative of these polymers.a = 0-10000000;b = 1-10000000;Q1 = -(O-C(R1)(R2)-C(R3)(R4))c-(OCF2CF2)d-R5, -COOH or -O-R11-R5;R1-R4 = -F, -CF3, -CHF2 or -CH2F;c, d = 0-20;R11 = -(CF2)z- or -(CF2CF2O)z-CF2CF2-;z = 1-50;R5, R6 = -SO3M, -PO3(M)2 or -CO2M;M = Na+, K+, Li+, H+, CH3(CH2)wNH3+, NH4+, NH2+, NHSO2CF3+, CHO+, C2H5OH+, CH3OH+ or CH3(CH2)wCHO+;w = 0-50;Q2 = 5-60C aryl (optionally substituted), H or -COOH;Q3 = 1-20C alkyl (optionally substituted) or H;Q4 = -O-(CF2)r-SO3M, -O-(CF2)r-PO3(M)2, -O-(CF2)r-CO2M or -CO-NH-(CH2)s-(CF2)t-CF3;r, s, t = 0-20;m = 0-less than 10000000;n = greater than 0-10000000;x, y = 0-20;Y1 = -SO3M, -PO3(M)2 or -CO2M; andp, q = not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.