TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The first organic layer: is an emissive layer (135), and (I) is a host; further comprises an emissive dopant which is substituted iridium complex of formula (II), preferably tris(2-dibenzofuran-2-yl-1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(2-phenyl-1-(2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(2-dibenzothiophen-2-yl-1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-(5'-isopropyl-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-2'-yl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(1-(2,4-diisopropyl-dibenzofuran-3-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,4,6-triphenylphenyl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex, tris(2-phenyl-1-(2,4,6-triphenylphenyl)-1H-imidazole) iridium complex or tris(1-(5'-isopropyl-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-2'-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole) iridium complex; and is disposed using solution processing. The first device further comprises a second organic layer that is a non-emissive layer, and (I) is a material in the second organic layer. The second organic layer: is an electron transporting layer (145) and (I) is an electron transporting material in it; or is a blocking layer and (I) is a blocking material in it.A1 = 5 or 6 membered carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl;R11-R13 = H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, where R11-R13 are having mono, di, tri or tetra substituents;o = 1-3;X-Y1 = ancillary ligand; andm = 3-o. Preferred Definitions:    n = 1;    X = (-(A)p-(B1)q-(C1)r-(D1)s-);    A, B1, C1, D1 = phenyl, pyridyl, triphenylenyl, naphthalenyl, (1,3,5)triazinyl, quinolinyl, 1-aza-triphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl or pyrimidinyl (all optionally further substituted with Ra);    p, q, r, s = 0-4;    p+q+r+s = at least 1; and    Y1 = 2-dibenzothiophenyl, 4-dibenzothiopheny, 2-dibenzofuranyl or 4-dibenzofuranyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 83 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 9-(3'-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-biphenyl-3-yl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl of formula (Ia), 9-(3'-dibenzofuran-4-yl-biphenyl-3-yl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl, 9-(3-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenyl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl, 9-(3-dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenyl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl and 9-(3-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-3''-yl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl.    EXAMPLE - 4-(3-Bromophenyl)dibenzo(b,d)thiophene (14.14 g) was dissolved in dioxane (200 ml) to give a colorless solution. 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-Octamethyl-2,2'-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (12.7 g) was added, followed by potassium acetate (8.18 g), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.382 g) and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.254 g), and the reaction mixture was degassed, refluxed under nitrogen and worked up to give 2-(3-(dibenzo(b,d)thiophen-4-yl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (E1). Then (E1) (14.5 g) and 1,3-dibromobenzene (26.6 g) were dissolved in toluene (200 ml) and potassium carbonate solution (16 g in 100 ml) was added, followed by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.434 g). The mixture was degassed and refluxed under nitrogen and worked up to give 4-(3'-bromo-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)dibenzo(b,d)thiophene (E2). (E2) (6.2 g) and 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (4.96 g) were suspended in xylene (200 ml), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.273 g), dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)phosphine (0.245 g) and sodium 2-methylpropan-2-olate (2.87 g) were added to above solution, degassed and heated under nitrogen for 1 day. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified to give 9-(3'-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-biphenyl-3-yl)-9H-(3,9')bicarbazolyl (85% yield).