TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of at least one of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, silicon oxide, quartz, silicon nitride or silicon carbide, and is a patterned or non-patterned substrate; and the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, the acidic solution is hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid solution and the substrate is heated to 60-90 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method: the stabilizing step comprises at least one of heat-treating the polymer at less than or equal to 400 degrees C in the air, oxygen or vacuum atmosphere, treating the polymer with alkali, treating the polymer with at least one physical means containing plasma, ion beam, radioactive radiation, UV radiation or microwave or reacting the polymer with a comonomer; the step of heat-treating is performed at 150-400 degrees C; the polymer is impregnated in an alkali solution at a pH of greater than or equal to 9; the polymer layer is carbonized at 400-1800 degrees C or 1800-3000 degrees C; the polymer layer is carbonized along with an injection of a carbon containing gas, preferably 1-5C hydrocarbon gas or doping gas which is at least one element of groups 3 or 5, preferably nitrogen or boron; the polymer layer is formed on the substrate by at least one of spin coating, dip coating, bar coating, self assembly, spray, ink-jet, printing, gravure, gravure-offset, flexography or screen-printing; the substrate is removed from the carbon materials by putting the substrate in alkaline or acidic solution, and heating the substrate in the alkaline or acidic solution; and the stabilized polymer layer is carbonized by at least one of plasma, ion beam, radioactive radiation, UV radiation or microwave. Preferred Components: In the method: the polymer layer is a polymer nanofilm of thickness 1-300 nm; the polymer is at least one of polyacrylonitriles, phenols, polyolefins, natural polymers or pitch; the comonomer is at least one of methylacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, methyl methacrylate or itaconic acid-methyl acrylate. The carbon materials comprise 1-300 graphene layers. In the product, the substrate is made of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. EXAMPLE - Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was dissolved in dimethylformamide for 1 hour to prepare a polymer solution (PAN solution). The polymer solution was applied on an oxidized silicon substrate at 300 nm with a spin coating machine at 500 rpm for 5 seconds and then 4000 rpm for 90 seconds to obtain a polymer nanofilm. The polymer nanofilm was introduced into an oven for heat-treatment at 250 degrees C for 2 hours. The polymer nanofilm was subjected to stabilization reaction by introducing into a furnace for carbonization. The polymer nanofilm was heated to 1000 degrees C in the presence of mixed gas of argon and oxygen, and then carbonized at 1000 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain a graphene film.