TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Module: The photovoltaic module further comprises at least one conductor electrically connected to the contact layer and configured to conduct a photocurrent generated in the module. Preferred Method: In the method (M2), the beam of light comprises a wavelength of more than 400 nm or less than 700 nm; or the beam of light comprises ultraviolet light, blue light, or white light. The method (M2) further involves converting the photocurrent from direct current (DC) to alternate current (AC); and combining the generated photocurrent with a photocurrent generated from another photovoltaic cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor absorber layer comprises cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Structure: The multilayer structure (S1) further comprises back contact adjacent to the semiconductor absorber layer; and back support adjacent to the back contact. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves complexing the ligand and the copper to form the complex adjacent to the semiconductor absorber layer, where the step of complexing the ligand and copper includes forming a cage structure comprising the ligand and copper, where forming a cage structure includes forming structure similar to a phthalocyanine dye, and forming structure similar to a polyporphyrin dye; combining an iron-containing material with the copper; forming a back contact adjacent to the complex; forming a back support adjacent to the back contact; and complexing a copper ion with a ligand to form a copper complex, where the complexing includes associating the copper ion with a compound selected from iminopyrazine, pyridyl ligand, bipyridyl ligand, and polyoxy compound. Preferred Components: The complex comprises an emulsified wax; water-soluble material; or carbon source that is a ligand for the copper. The ligand is selected from iminopyrazine, a pyridyl ligand, a bipyridyl ligand, and a polyoxy compound. The complex comprises emulsified wax; iminopyrazine; pyridyl ligand; bipyridyl ligand; polyoxy compound; phthalocyanine; polyporphyrin; or carbon-containing ligand and a copper ion complexed in a cage structure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.