NOVELTY - Electrochemical cell (I) (12) containing first and second cylinder-like electrodes separated by a fluid electrolyte gap between the electrodes, comprises means for extracting unwanted contaminants from the electrolyte.    USE - The electrochemical cell is useful to convert chemical energy into electrical energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell: is robust; eliminates any need for a proton exchange membrane within the cell's electrolyte; utilizes Taylor vortex flows that captures and eliminates reaction byproducts and prevents crossover of fuel and oxidizer in the cells electrolytes; provides criteria for pumping electrolyte into and out of the electrochemical cell at a rate that will optimize creation of Taylor vortex flows in the electrolyte; provides structure that will optimize its performance as a fuel cell for converting chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy that can be used to power an external electrical load; creates dynamic flows within all fluid constituents to induce exceptionally high rates of mass transport to and from several redox chemical reactions; and creates dynamic flows within all fluid constituents to increase catalytic electrode reaction rates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an electrochemical cell (II) comprising: a first electrode (36) reactive with a first chemical entering its pores from its first surface (44) to produce a first ion at its second surface layer; a second electrode (34) reactive with a second chemical entering its pores from its first surface to produce a second ion at its second surface having a charge different from that of the first ion, and within the first electrode so that a chamber (40) is created between the second surface layers of the two electrodes; a fluid electrolyte in the chamber; and means for moving one electrode with respect to the other electrode to create flows in the fluid electrolyte so as to generate a voltage across the electrodes that are adapted to be connected to an external electrical circuit;    (2) operating an electrochemical cell to produce electricity for transmission to an external load, comprising: pumping a reductant through anode electrode of the cell; pumping an oxidizer through cathode electrode of the cell; pumping electrolyte into electrolyte chamber of the cell that is located between the electrodes; and rotating one electrode with respect to the other electrode at a rate sufficient to cause Taylor vortex flows in the electrolyte chamber;    (3) a system for enhancing catalyzed reaction rates at porous catalytic surfaces of an electrochemical cell, comprising: a first electrode having a first porous catalytic surface layer; a second electrode having a second porous catalytic surface layer; the first electrode and the second electrode defining an electrolyte chamber between the first porous catalytic surface layer of the first electrode and the second porous catalytic surface layer of the second electrode, the electrolyte chamber including an electrolyte input tube configured so that a liquid electrolyte passing through the electrolyte chamber from the electrolyte input tube passes adjacent the first and second electrodes; and the electrolyte chamber is dimensioned, and at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is configured to rotate relative to the other of the first electrode or the second electrode at a rate of rotation adequate to produce Taylor vortex flows within the liquid electrolyte flowing from the electrolyte input tube through the electrolyte chamber;    (4) an electrochemical cell comprising: a first surface that contains a catalyst; second surface; fluid between the surfaces; and means for generating a vortex in the fluid that is enveloped by a laminar shear boundary adjacent to one of the surfaces; or cathode electrode; anode electrode; fluid electrolyte between the electrodes; and means for generating a vortex in the electrolyte that is enveloped by a laminar shear boundary adjacent one of the electrodes; and    (5) an electrochemical cell containing a fluid, an improvement comprising means for creating Taylor vortex flows in the fluid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the electrochemical cell.    Electrochemical cell (12)    Second electrode (34)    First electrode (36)    Chamber (40)    First surface (44)