TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solid component contains magnesium oxide, rutile titanium dioxide, and/or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ionic salt is lithium salt chosen from lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiB10Cl10, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethyl acetate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium-aluminum chloride, lithium methanesulfonate, lithium chloroborane, aliphatic lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, lithium tetraphenylborate, and lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide. The electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate, and/or methyl propionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polymer matrix and liquid component is 3:7-9:1. The weight ratio of crosslinking polymer and linear polymer is 1:9-8:2. The weight ratio of solid component is 2-80 wt.%. The linear polymer is poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), polyoxymethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), polyethylene imine, and/or poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). The crosslinking polymer is copolymer of polar monomer having one functional group, and monomer having two or more functional groups. The monomer having two or more functional groups is trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and/or ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate. The polar monomer is methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and/or vinyl fluoride.