TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction mixture comprises: a first additional catalyst, which is a base catalyst including an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst or a transition metal hydroxide catalyst, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; at least one second additional catalyst, which is acid catalyst, reactive carboxylic acid catalyst, alkali metal formate catalyst, transition metal formate catalyst, transition metal catalyst, supported transition metal catalyst, solid acid catalyst, noble metal catalyst, sulfide catalyst and/or water-gas-shift catalyst, preferably sodium formate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The injection device comprises: first, second and third vessels, where each vessel, is inserted into separate orifices of a sealed connecting piece, the first vessel passes through the connecting piece terminating within the third vessel and is operable to direct flow of material into the third vessel, the connecting piece is operable to direct flow of material received from the second vessel into the third vessel for contact with material from the first vessel, or each vessel is in communication at a common junction, the first and second vessels are operable to direct flow of separate materials into the junction, the materials contact forming a mixture, and the third vessel is operable to direct flow of the mixture away from the junction; or a first outer vessel enclosing a second porous inner vessel, where the second porous inner vessel passes entirely through the first outer vessel, and the first outer vessel comprises at least one orifice for receiving material for dissemination along a surface of the second porous inner vessel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steps (ii) and (iii) are performed under conditions of continuous flow. In the method, additional catalysts are added to the reaction mixture after the step (ii). The temperature and pressure of step (iii) are 270-380 degrees C (preferably 300-340 degrees C) and 150-270 bar (preferably 180-260 bar), respectively. The step (iii) is performed for 20-30 minutes. The method comprises: cooling the reaction mixture to a temperature of 160-200 degrees C in 30 seconds after step (iii); and depressurization and cooling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature by release through the pressure let down device. Preferred Components: The organic matter is at a temperature and pressure below the critical point of the aqueous solvent prior to the step of contacting. The organic matter is: fossilized organic matter which is lignite, having a carbon content of at least 50%, where the supercritical aqueous solvent is water; or lignocellulosic matter comprising greater than or equal to 10% of each of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, where the reaction mixture or the supercritical aqueous solvent comprise alcohol (5-40 wt.% preferably 10-30 wt.% relative to the water content in the reaction mixture) which is added to the reaction mixture after the step (ii), and where the alcohol is ethanol and/or methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.