TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The p-semiconductor is: producible or has been produced by applying at least one p-conductive organic material and silver in oxidized form to at least one carrier element, where the silver is preferably applied in the form of at least one silver salt of formula (Ag+)m(Am-) (A); and producible or has been produced by applying at least one p-conductive organic material and (A) to at least one carrier element, where the application is effected by deposition from a liquid phase comprising the p-conductive organic material and (A). The photovoltaic element further comprises at least one encapsulation, where the encapsulation is designed to shield the photovoltaic element, preferably the electrodes and/or the p-semiconductor, from a surrounding atmosphere. The process is performed at least partly in a low-oxygen atmosphere.Am- = anion of organic, inorganic acid or (S((=O)2(Ra1)(X))), preferably bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide or trifluoromethylsulfonate, where the organic acid has at least one F or CN, and Ag+ and the anionic compound is in homogeneous distribution in the matrix material;Ra1 = F, (cyclo)alkyl or (hetero)aryl (optionally substituted by at least one F or CN), preferably -F, -CF3, -CF2-CF3 or -CH2-CN;X = -O- or -N--Rb1;Rb1 = -F, CN or -S(O)2-, preferably -S(O)2-F, -S(O)2-CF3, -S(O)2-CF2-CF3 or -S(O)2-CH2-CN; andm = 1-3, preferably 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid phase further comprises at least one solvent comprising cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, benzofuran, or cyclopentanone. The matrix material comprises at least one low molecular weight organic p-semiconductor. The p-conductive organic material comprises a spiro compound, preferably 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD), and/or diphenyl-amine compound of formula (I). (A) has a concentration of 0.5-50 (preferably 1-20) mM/ml.A1-A3 = (hetero)aryl (optionally substituted);R1-R3 = -R, -OR, -NR2, -A4-OR or -A4-NR2;R = alkyl or (hetero)aryl;A4 = (hetero)aryl; andn = 0-3.Provided that the sum of n values are at least 2 and at least two of R1-R3 are -OR and/or -NR2.