NOVELTY - Manufacturing nanostructured electrode involves contacting thin film (140) of polymer on coated substrate (130) with reusable mold (110) containing nanoarchitectured polymer such that the nanoarchitectured polymer contacts and adheres to coated substrate in absence of adhesive materials; removing the mold, thus transferring the nanoarchitectured polymer from the mold to thin film of the polymer on substrate; and depositing first electrode material onto nanoarchitectured polymer to form a continuous electrode coating, thus producing nanostructured electrode.    USE - For manufacturing a nanostructured electrode used in the manufacture of photovoltaic cell, light-emitting diode, or field-effect transistor (claimed); and in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides high surface area, tunability of electrode-organic interfaces, and low tortuosity for improved electron/hole transport characteristics. Tailored nanoscale interfaces facilitate generation and dissociation processes of excitons along with selective transport and collection of charges at the electrodes in many donor-acceptor devices; provides facile integration with device and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) manufacturing processes, lower operating and start-up materials costs, and/or high throughput manufacturing including roll-to-roll production. Since the nanostructuring is done before the actual device fabrication, there is no need to break the vacuum (unlike the active material nanostructuring in some cases) during the fabrication process of many atmosphere-sensitive devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing a nanostructured electrode involves providing a reusable mold (110) having a pattern of nano-concavities (115) corresponding to a desired pattern of nanofeatures; filling the mold with a polymer; heating the mold at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time period to produce a mold containing nanoarchitectured polymer comprising convex nanofeatures corresponding to the pattern of nano-concavities; providing a coated substrate (130) having a thin film (140) of the polymer on a first surface of the substrate; contacting the thin film of the polymer on the substrate with the mold containing the nanoarchitectured polymer such that the nanoarchitectured polymer contacts and adheres to the coated substrate in the absence of adhesive materials; removing the mold, thus transferring the nanoarchitectured polymer from the mold to the thin film of the polymer on the substrate; and depositing a first electrode material onto the nanoarchitectured polymer to form a continuous electrode coating, thus producing the nanostructured electrode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for forming a nano-structured polymer scaffold that can be used for fabrication of metal and/or metal oxide electrodes, involving providing a reusable mold having a pattern of nano-concavities corresponding to a desired pattern of nanofeatures; providing a solution comprising polyacrylonitrile (20-40 wt.%) and a solvent; heating the solution at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient period of time to produce partially cyclized polyacrylonitrile; filling the mold with the partially cyclized polyacrylonitrile; evaporating at least a portion of the solvent produce a mold containing nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile; providing a coated substrate having a thin film of polyacrylonitrile on a first surface of the substrate, where the substrate has a larger planar surface area than the mold; contacting a first region of the thin film of polyacrylonitrile on the substrate with the mold containing the nanoarchitectured polyacryonitrile such that the nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile contacts and adheres to the first region in the absence of adhesive material; removing the mold, thus transferring the nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile from the mold to the first region; for each of subsequent regions performing steps of refilling the mold with partially cyclized polyacrylonitrile, evaporating at least a portion of the solvent to produce a mold containing nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile, contacting a subsequent region of the thin film of polyacrylonitrile on the substrate with the mold containing the nanoarchitectured polyacryonitrile such that the nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile contacts and adheres to the subsequent region in the absence of adhesive material, and removing the mold, thus transferring the nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile from the mold to the subsequent region; and after nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile has been transferred to each of the subsequent regions, thermally curing the nanoarchitectured polyacrylonitrile.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a method for making a nanostructured polymer.    Polymer material (100)    Mold (110)    Pattern of nano-concavities (115)    Nanostructured polymer (120)    Unpatterned surface (125)    Coated substrate (130)    Thin film (140)