TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises at least one arrangement including antireflection coatings, buffer layers, ohmic contacts, tunnel junctions or passivation layers. The step of exposing comprises exposing the heat treated aluminum antimonide crystal to an atmosphere comprising oxygen, for 5-10 minutes. In the method: the controlled atmospheric annealed single crystal aluminum antimonide crystal is exposed to the atmosphere containing oxygen while under partial vacuum pressure; and the aluminum antimonide crystal is exposed to the atmosphere comprising oxygen while being heat treated under ambient pressure. Preferred Components: In the method: the temperature is at 350-650 degrees C; the partial vacuum atmosphere comprises no oxygen; the lattice matched configuration comprises less than 0.01% of lattice mismatch; the buffer layers are arranged so as to provide electrical isolation and/or surface smoothing; and the controlled atmospheric annealed host layer comprises an n- or p-type host layer. The controlled atmospheric annealed single crystal aluminum antimonide has a volume of at least 1 cm3. The crystalline oxide layer: has a thickness of less than 10 nm in a direction perpendicular to a plane of formation of the crystalline oxide layer; and comprises predominantly aluminum oxide on its surface. The solid-solution semiconductor materials comprise: at least two materials including aluminum antimonide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, zinc telluride or cadmium telluride; binary compounds and/or related tertiary and quaternary alloys; epitaxy layers and an n- or p-type material; and lattice matched materials including any one of III-V 6.1 Angstrom family of materials, or any one of II-VI family of materials, where the semiconductor material has a predetermined thicknesses so as to provide an equal amount of current. The solar cell comprises: a heterostructure containing a top layer having a larger bandgap than the bottom layer; a quantum device including a quantum well solar cell or a quantum dot solar cell; and a multi-junction solar cell containing a stack of individual single-junction cells in descending order of bandgap. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.