TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel processing system further comprises: a first heat exchanger operably associated with the synthesis gas production system and the fuel injection system and configured to exchange heat between the synthesis gas production system and the fuel injection system; a methanol refining system positioned downstream of the methanol synthesis system and configured to process the crude methanol liquid to produce a liquid comprising methanol; a methanol storage and delivery system positioned downstream of the methanol refining system and configured to store the liquid comprising methanol and a water supply and to produce a liquid product comprising methanol. The synthesis gas production system comprises: a first desulfurization unit configured to remove at least a portion of sulfur from the logistical fuel and air mixture; a catalytic partial oxidation reactor positioned downstream of the first desulfurization unit and configured to produce the synthesis gas and configured to produce additional carbon monoxide; and a water gas shift reactor positioned downstream of the first desulfurization unit. The synthesis gas production system further comprises a second desulfurization unit positioned downstream of the catalytic partial oxidation reactor and upstream of the water gas shift reactor. The synthesis gas production system comprises: a thermal partial oxidation reactor configured to produce the synthesis gas; and a desulfurization unit (34) positioned downstream of the thermal partial oxidation reactor and configured to remove at least a portion of sulfur from the synthesis gas. The methanol synthesis system comprises: a second heat exchanger; a methanol synthesis reactor located downstream of the second heat exchanger and configured to produce methanol from the synthesis gas; a condensing unit located downstream of the methanol synthesis reactor; a liquid collection unit located downstream of the condensing unit; a single distillation column; a first distillation column; and a second distillation column located along a flow path of a liquid distillate of the first distillation column. The methanol synthesis system further comprises at least one additional methanol synthesis reactor located downstream of the liquid collection unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The logistical fuel comprises at least one of jet propellant 8 (JP-8), Jet-A, JP-4, JP-5, kerosene, naphtha, diesel, marine and gasoline. Preferred Method: The method further comprises desulfurizing the synthesis gas prior to processing the synthesis gas in the water gas shift reactor. In the method, converting the logistical fuel and air mixture into synthesis gas comprises: desulfurizing the logistical fuel and air mixture to produce an at least substantially desulfurized logistical fuel/air mixture; reforming the substantially desulfurized logistical fuel/air mixture in a catalytic partial oxidation reactor to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; cooling the synthesis gas in a heat exchanger; and processing the synthesis gas in a water gas shift reactor to produce additional carbon monoxide. The method further comprises reacting at least one gaseous component of the cooled crude methanol stream in at least one additional methanol synthesis reactor. In the method: processing the crude methanol liquid to produce the purified methanol liquid comprises purifying the crude methanol liquid in a single distillation column; processing the crude methanol liquid to produce the purified methanol liquid comprises separating at least some components of the crude methanol liquid having a boiling point lower than methanol in a first distillation column and separating at least some components of the crude methanol liquid having a boiling point higher than methanol in a second distillation column; directing the purified methanol liquid into a dispensing valve to generate the liquid product comprises combining the purified methanol liquid with water at a location upstream of the dispensing valve; and directing the purified methanol liquid into a dispensing valve to generate the liquid product comprising methanol and water comprises producing the liquid product comprising a methanol concentration of 0.1-7M. The step of processing a logistical fuel and ambient air to produce a purified methanol liquid comprises: forming a logistical fuel and air mixture comprising atomized logistical fuel dispersed in air; reducing a sulfur content of the logistical fuel and air mixture; reforming the logistical fuel and air mixture in a catalytic partial oxidation reactor to produce a synthesis gas; converting the synthesis gas to a crude methanol gas in a methanol synthesis reactor; condensing the crude methanol gas to at least form a crude methanol liquid; and purifying the crude methanol liquid to substantially separate a methanol component from at least one component having a higher boiling point.