TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porosity metal oxide thin films comprises aluminum oxide, zirconium trioxide and/or titanium dioxide. The electrode reformed layer comprises organic compound selected from tetrakis dimethylamino ethylene, polyethylene oxide, hexadecanthiol, and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro decanethiol, chalcogenide compound, and metal oxide nanoparticle selected from titanium dioxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, nitrogen-doped zinc oxide, tin dioxide, indium tin oxide and titanium oxide (TiOx), where x is 1-2, and organo-metal compound selected from cesium carbonate, titanium diisoproxide-bis-2,4-pentadionate, and n-type cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, manganese sulfide, zinc (oxide-sulfide) Zn (O-S), zinc selenide, (zinc-indium) selenide (Zn-In) Se, indium (hydroxide-sulfide) In (OH-S) or indium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-receptor is fullerene, (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C72-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C85 butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, bis(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, perylene, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, and/or zinc oxide. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the electron-receptor and hole acceptor is 5:5 or 6:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole acceptor is poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-3-octylthiophene, poly-p-phenylenevinylene, poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene), poly(2-methoxy)-5-(2-ethyle-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene and/or poly(2-methyl)-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene. The thin film solar cell further comprises electron injection barrier selected from pentacene, triphenyl diamine derivative, copper phthalocyanine, and transition metal oxide such as molybdenum dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, and conductive polymer such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (p-phenylene vinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene), poly-3-alkylthiophene and polythiophene.