TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode comprises a lithium metal, a lithium metal-based alloy or a lithium intercalating compound. The positive electrode comprises a conductive material, which comprises a porous carbonaceous material. The positive electrode further comprises an oxidation/reduction catalyst for oxygen, and a binder. The lithium air battery further comprises a separator (16) disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane between the negative electrode and the organic electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ligand complex has a redox potential of 2-5 V with respect to lithium metal. The metal of the metal-ligand complex comprises at least one metal comprising the metals of groups 3-15 in the periodic table of elements, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, tin, antimony, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, palladium, rhodium or lead; and a transition metal. The ligand of the metal-ligand complex comprises at least one heteroatom comprising fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, silicon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, tellurium or arsenic. The cation of the alkali metal salt or alkali earth metal salt comprises at least one of lithium ions, sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, rubidium ions, strontium ions, cesium ions or barium ions. The anion of the alkali metal salt or alkali earth metal salt comprises at least one of hexafluorophosphate, boron tetrafluoride, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluoroarsenate, perfluorobutane sulfonate, perchlorate, aluminate ion, tetrachloroaluminate, fluoro sulfate of formula (CxF2X+1SO3-) or ((CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)N-) or halide. The catalyst is supported on a support comprising an oxide, a zeolite, a clay mineral or carbon.x, y = natural number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligand of the metal ligand complex is at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-carbon triple bond. The ligand of the metal ligand complex comprises: a conjugated system; a haptic ligand or a polydentate ligand with at least two coordination sites; a 5-50C aliphatic ring, a 2-50C heteroaliphatic ring, a 5-50C aromatic ring or 2-50C heteroaromatic ring; at least one of a phthalocyanine ring, a porphyrin ring, a cyclopentadiene ring, an indene ring, a pyridine ring, a carbazole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a thiophene ring, a thianthrene ring, a furan ring, a pyran ring, an isobenzofuran ring, a pyrazole ring, an isothiazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrrolizine ring, an indolizine ring, an isoindole ring, an indole ring, an indazole ring, a purine ring, a quinolizine ring, an isoquinoline ring, a quinoline ring, a phthalazine ring, a naphthyridin ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, a cinnoline ring, a pteridine ring, a phenanthridine ring, an acridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a phenanthroline ring, a phenazine ring, a phenothiazine ring, a phenoxazine ring, or their derivatives; at least one of benzene, cyclopentadiene, acetylacetonate, pyridine, bipyridine, triphenylphosphine, diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, EDTA, ethylenediaminetriacetate, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, 1,10-phenanthroline, corroles, crown ether, (2,2,2)cryptand, dimethylglyoximate, glycinate, heme, nitrosyl, pyrazine, scorpionate, 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)pyridine, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, tricyclohexylphosphine, triethylenetetraamine, trimethylenephosphine, tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, tris(2-diphenylphosphineethyl)amine, tropylium, oxalate, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, iodide, bromide, sulfide, sulfur cyanide, chloride, nitrate, nitride ion, fluoride, hydroxide, oxalic acid, water, thiocyanate, acetonitrile, ammonia, nitrous oxide, cyanide, carbon monoxide, sulfite or their derivatives; and at least one of an aliphatic chain, an aliphatic ring, a heteroaliphatic chain, a heteroaliphatic ring, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring. The ligand comprises at least one of 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-heptatriene, benzene, cyclopentadiene or cycloheptatriene. The haptic ligand comprises at least one of eta 1-allyl, eta 3-allyl, eta 3-allenyl, eta 2-butadiene, eta 4-butadiene, eta 1-cyclopentadiene, eta 3-cyclopentadiene, eta 5-cyclopentadiene, eta 2-benzene, eta 4-benzene, eta 6-benzene, eta 7-cycloheptatriene or eta 8-cyclooctatriene. The polydentate ligand comprises at least one of ethylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, acetylacetonate, 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, crown ether, cryptate, diethylenetriamine, dimethyloxime, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ethylenediaminetriacetate, glycinate, heme, triethylenetetraamine or terpyridine. The organic electrolyte comprises at least one complex comprising a metallocene complex bearing a transition metal and at least one haptic cyclopentadiene ligand, a phthalocyanine complex bearing a transition metal and a phthalocyanine ligand, a porphyrin complex bearing a transition metal and a porphyrin ligand, an amine complex bearing a transition metal and an amine ligand, a phosphine complex bearing a transition metal and a phosphine ligand, a pyridine complex bearing a transition metal and a pyridine ligand, a phenanthroline complex bearing a transition metal and a phenanthroline ligand, an acetylacetonate complex bearing a transition metal and an acetylacetonate ligand, an acetate complex bearing a transition metal and an acetate ligand or their derivatives of these complexes. The amount of the metal-ligand complex in the organic electrolyte is 0.01 mM to 5 M or 100 nM to 10 M. The organic electrolyte comprises: an aprotic solvent; and at least one of an alkali metal salt or an alkali earth metal salt.