TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anchor group is on a side of the electrode, and the ionic functional group is on a side of (I). The ionic functional group includes cations, and the self-assembled monolayer includes anions or cations configured to form a pair with the cations. The cations include at least one of optionally substituted ammonium cations, or sulfonium cations, and/or sodium cations, and the anions include at least one of bromine anions, borate anions, halide, perchlorate anions, phosphate anions, sulfonate anions, nitrate anions, and/or amide anions. The anions include at least one of trifluoromethane sulfonate, (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, tetrakis(1-imidazolyl)borate, tetrakis(3,5-is(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate, fluoroborate ion, difluorophosphate ion, aluminum tetrachloride anion, heptachlorodialuminate, nitrate ion, bromine anions, borate anions, halide, perchlorate anions, phosphate anions, sulfonate anions, nitrate anions, and/or amide anions. The self-assembled monolayer has a bottom contact structure contacting the organic semiconductor at a bottom surface of (I). The electrode includes at least one of gold, copper, nickel, silver, aluminum, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, titanium, and its alloy. The self-assembled monolayer has a thickness of 2-100 Angstrom .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anchor group includes at least one thiol (-SH) or sulfur containing group of formula (-SOR1). The self-assembled monolayer includes a monomer having a structure of formula (AC-L1-X1-+X2-) or (AC-L1-X3-+X4-).R1 = 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C aryl (both optionally substituted) and/or H;AC = -SH, or -SOR1;X1+ = cation;X2+ = anion, which is configured to form a pair with X1+;X3- = anion;X4+ = cation, which is configured to form a pair with X3-; andL1 = 1-30C alkylene, 3-30C cycloalkylene, 6-30C arylene, 3-30C cycloalkenylene, 7-20C arylalkylene, 1-20C heteroalkylene , 2-30C heterocycloalkylene, 2-30C heteroarylene, 2-30C alkenylene, 2-30C alkynylene (all optionally substituted), single bond, or a halogen-containing organic group.Preferred Method: The step of providing the self-assembled monolayer comprises providing the monomer having the anchor group on the electrode to attach the anchor group on a surface of the electrode, and providing the other end of the monomer with the ionic functional group. The step of providing the monomer on the electrode includes performing at least one method including spin coating, dip coating, and chemical vapor deposition. The step of providing the other end of the monomer with the ionic functional group includes at least one of binding cations with anions in pairs, and binding anions with cations in pairs.