TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first electrode comprises: metal oxide material consisting of zinc oxide, gallium indium oxide , indium gallium zinc oxide, Indium tin oxide , titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, gallium indium tin oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc indium oxide and zinc indium tin oxide; and a compound indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/metal electrode, where the metal is calcium, lithium fluoride/aluminum, and magnesium:silver. The second electrode comprises steel, nickel, silver, aluminum, magnesium, indium and/or their mixtures or alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The preferentially hole conducting organic seed layer comprises 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile, 1,4,5,6,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarboxamide, 1,4,5,6,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarboxylic acid trisanhydride, tetracyanoquinonedimethane, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8,-tetracyano-quinonedimethane, N,N'-dicyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-quinonediimine, N,N'-dicyan-2,5-dichloro-3,6-difluoro-1, 4-quinonediimine, N,N'-dicyano-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexafluoro-1,4-naphtho-quinonediimine, 1,4,5,8-tetrahydro-1,4,5,8-tetrathia-2,3,6,7-tetracyanoanthraquinone, 2,2,7,7,-tetrafluoro-2,7-dihydro-1,3,6,8-tetraoxa-2,7-dibora 4,9,10,11,12-pentachloro-benzo (e)pyrene and/or 2-(6-dicyanomethylene-1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-6H-naphthalene-2-ylidene)malononitrile. The first photosensitive layer comprises subphthalocyanine chloride, copper phthalocyanine, 60C and 70C fullerenes, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, squarine and/or poly(3-hexylthiophene). The second photosensitive layer comprises a material consisting of 60C and 70C fullerenes, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine. The third photosensitive layer comprises a material consisting of subphthalocyanine chloride, copper phthalocyanine, 60C and 70C fullerenes, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, squarine, poly(3-hexylthiophene), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine. The electron-blocking layer comprises N,N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis-alpha-napthylbenzidine (NPD), aluminum tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3), carbazole biphenyl (CBP), bathocuproine (BCP), and tris(acetylacetonato) ruthenium(III) (Ru(acac)3).