TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polar polymer has a dipole moment of greater than or equal to 0.3 Debye. The polar polymer comprises at least one hydrocarbon substituent of formula (-(L1)a(A1)p) (I). The polar polymer comprises a repeating substituted hydrocarbon unit of formula (-(C(R1)(R2)-C(R3)(R4))-) (II), poly(4-vinylphenol) of formula (IV), polyvinyl alcohol of formula (-(CH2-CH(OH))o-(V) or polyvinylpyrrolidone of formula (VI). The polar polymer has an average molecular weight of 1000-90000000. The electron extraction layer has a thickness of 0.1-10 nm. The surface of the electron extraction layer and the surface of the second electrode are in contact with each other.a = 0-10;L1 = optionally substituted 1-10C alkylene, optionally substituted 2-10C alkenylene, optionally substituted 6-20C arylene or optionally substituted 3-20C heteroarylene, preferably phenylene, naphthylene group or anthrylene;p = 1-10;A1 = -OH, -NH2 or cyclobutane of formula (III);B1, B2 = single bond, double bond, optionally substituted 1-5C alkylene or optionally substituted 2-5C alkenylene, preferably single bond, methyl, ethylene, propylene or butylene;X = N (preferred) or C;R1-R4 = H, -NO2, -CN, OH, -COOH, halo, optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl, optionally substituted 1-30C alkoxy, optionally substituted 6-30C aryl, optionally substituted 5-30C arylalkyl, optionally substituted 6-30C aryloxy, optionally substituted 2-30C heteoaryl, optionally substituted 2-30C heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted 2-30C heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted 5-20C cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 2-30C heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted 1-30 alkyl ester, optionally substituted 6-30C aryl ester, optionally substituted 2-30C heteroaryl ester,-N(Q1)(Q2) or (I), where at least one of R1-R4 is (I);Q1, Q2 = H, 1-30C alkyl, 6-30C aryl or 2-30C heteroaryl; andn, o, m = 10-1000000.Preferred Method: The formation of the first layer during the formation of the electron extraction layer, is carried out using spin coating, ink jet printing, nozzle printing, dip coating, electrophoresis, tape casting, screen printing, blade coating method, gravure printing, gravure-offset printing, Langmuir-Blodgett method or layered structure method (self-assembly).