TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves extracting and separating the lipid and fatty acid from the culture medium. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The mutant Scenedesmus sp. strain M003 is prepared by mutating the wild type Scenedesmus sp. strain M003 with ethyl methanesulfonate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The mutant Scenedesmus sp. strain M001 is prepared by mutating the wild type Scenedesmus sp. strain M001 with ethyl methanesulfonate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The moisture content of the sample is 85% per 10 kg of sample.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The selenium-enriched biological agent is prepared by (i) taking (in parts by wt.) pig manure (2-3) or chicken manure (0.5-1), sheep manure (1-2), colza cake or soybean cake (0.5-1), EM original dew (0.05-0.1), introducing the materials into a fermenting tank, adding water (1-2 parts by wt.), and fermenting for 30-40 days until there is no smell, (ii) adding water (8-9 parts by wt.), continuing to ferment for 20-40 days, and dissolving the solid composition, (iii) filtering the fermentation liquid using a 100-200 meshes filter to obtain selenium-enriched biological agent mother liquor, and (iv) adding sodium selenite (5-10 kg) to the mother liquor (100 ml), dissolving and stirring uniformly until there is no precipitate, and reacting completely to obtain the selenium-enriched biological agent. Every 1 part of selenium-enriched biological agent is diluted by adding water (500 times) before spraying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: Crop is corn. The step (B) is carried out with water at 80 degrees C for 2 hours, or 80 degrees C of water with 1000 W of microwave radiation auxiliary for 25 minutes. Weight ratio of straw powder and water in two extracting method is 1:25-100. Adjusted pH value of filtrate phosphoric acid buffer solution is 7. Drying is carried out at 60-80 degrees C at 85 degrees C. Sterilizing step is carried out for 110-121 degrees C steam for 40-120 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The strain comprises (in wt.%) lipid (48-60) based on total drying weight and palmitic acid (30-40) among total fatty acid. Preferred Component: The strain comprises accession number of KCTC11763BP.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is chosen from zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese chloride tetrahydrate, molybdenum oxide, copper sulfate pentahydrate and cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate. Preferred Process: The cultivation process is carried out under presence of carbon dioxide (10-20 volume %) and pH of 7.2-7.6 at 25-27 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic seaweed fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): seaweed industrial residue (60-70) or mixture of one or more of seaweed residue, wheat bran, straw, residue of traditional Chinese medicine, fruit residue, activated sludge or lees particles (30-40). The fertilizer comprises plant growth regulator chosen from cytokinin, auximone, auxin analogs and betaine. Preferred Component: The residue is produced after industrial production of sodium alginate, iodine, mannitol or alginate. Preferred Method: The fermentation process involves mixing the above-mentioned with water (40-85 wt.% with respect to the amount of dry weight of the above-mentioned components), adding microbial mixture (0.05-0.7 wt.% with respect to the amount of dry weight of the above-mentioned components) comprising bacteria, yeasts and actinomycetes, fermenting the mixture by providing ventilation and supplying oxygen to culture medium for 2-10 hours, raising temperature to 40-50 degrees C for 18-25 days, sun drying the fermented product and reducing the temperature of product to room temperature. Preferred Organism: The microbial mixture comprises bacteria, yeasts and actinomycetes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Regulant.    ADMINISTRATION - The organic seaweed fertilizer is mixed with soil or horizontally applied on the roots (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ring-opening reaction of temperature is 50-150 (preferably 90-110) degrees C and time is 6-15 (preferably 10-13) hours. The ring-opening reaction is carried out: under atmospheric pressure or greater than atmospheric pressure; and in a reaction vessel comprising enamel glass reaction vessel, glass reaction vessel or metal reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was filtered at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C. The air outlet temperature is 103-107 degrees C. The step of cooling and crystallizing temperature is 4-6 degrees C. Preferred Components: The polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution is present at 50%. The mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution/solid alkali is 1:1.2-2. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive; Anticonvulsant; Uropathic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution (170 kg) was added in stainless steel reaction kettle device containing water (170 kg). Solid alkali (204 kg) was added under stirring, and then heated at 150 degrees C and continuously reacted for 6 hours to obtain reaction liquid. The reaction liquid was cooled at 20 degrees C and filtered to obtain gamma-aminobutyric acid solution. gamma -Aminobutyric acid solution was concentrated to 105 degrees C. gamma -Aminobutyric acid solution was cooled to crystallize, and dried at 162 degrees C to obtain gamma aminobutyric acid (78.6%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material transportation device is auger, belt conveyor with sealed housing, vibration conveyor with sealed housing, transporting chute with sealed housing, and stirrer for pulping is arranged in the pulping tank. The system comprises a sealed material chamber (20). The centrifugal acetaminophen is unloaded in sealing state to the material chamber, and then is transported to the material transportation device (30) via the material chamber. The pulping tank is mounted on a weight sensor. The water is steam condensed water heated to the pulping tank before the crude acetaminophen is transported or water is heated to 60-80 degrees C. In the second transportation process, the mixture is transported to the decoloration tank via a sealed pipeline after the compressed gas is input to the pulping tank. The first transportation process uses auger, belt conveyor with sealed housing, or vibration conveyor with sealed housing to transport the crude acetaminophen in sealed mode. The first transportation process further comprises processes of unloading the crude acetaminophen to the sealed chamber in sealed mode, and transporting to any device from the chamber in sealing mode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing (in wt.%) vegetable bio oil (40), diesel refined from crude oil distillation (40), corn oil (15), and additives (brand sabura) (4). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The drying is sun drying or normal drying at 50-70 degrees C. Preferred Components: The sodium alginate industrial waste residue is the residue left out after processing fresh kelp for producing sodium alginate, iodine, mannitol and one or more other complexes. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): the organic fertilizer (40), potassium sulfate (15), ammonium sulfate (20), potassium chloride (5), monopotassium phosphate (20). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali utilized in the method for preparing racemic clopidogrel is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonia water or triethylamine. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 4, 5, 6, 7-thiophane (3, 2-c) pyridine hydrochloride and concentrated sulfuric acid to the alkali is 1:(2-2.5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The racemic clopidogrel is prepared by passing methanol and alpha-bromo-o-chloro-phenylacetic acid into a reaction tank, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, and stirring for reacting completely at reaction temperature of 20-65 degrees C and reaction time of 5 to 15 hours. The non-separated esterification products are added into the reaction system, and stirred and reacted with 4, 5, 6, 7-thiophane (3, 2-c) pyridine hydrochloride at the reaction temperature of 30-65 degrees C and the reaction time of 5-15 hours. Preferred Composition: The mass volume ratio of alpha-bromo-o-phenylacetic acid to the concentrated sulfuric acid is (1-50):1. The mass volume ratio of alpha-bromo-o-phenylacetic acid to the concentrated sulfuric acid is (20-30):1, where the reaction temperature is 35-55 degrees C and the reaction time is 10-12 hours. The mass volume ratio of 4, 5, 6, 7-thiophane (3, 2-c) pyridine hydrochloride with alpha-bromo-o-phenylacetic acid is (0.80-0.99):1. The mass volume ratio of 4, 5, 6, 7-thiophane (3, 2-c) pyridine hydrochloride with alpha-bromo-o-phenylacetic acid is (0.85-0.95):1, where the reaction temperature is 50 degrees C and the reaction time is 10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The check valve and magnetic valve are divided into three groups, where each group is separately connected to the internal circulation pipe and the biogas lifting pipe of the double-circulation anaerobic reactor. The PLC controller is a set of apparatus shared with the controllers used in the sewage treatment system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The earthworm composting reaction groove is an opened square groove. The height of the upper layer miniature garden is 14 cm and the height of the flower soil is 9 cm. The leakage holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the miniature garden.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor further comprises a foot frame fixed on the lower end of the perforated clapboard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A plant oil inlet and an auxiliary material feed inlet are arranged on the upper part of the reactor kettle, and a discharge hole is arranged on the bottom of the kettle. A catalyst filling section is arranged in the reaction kettle upper part, and a heating device is arranged in the kettle lower part. A stirrer is arranged in the cooling filter. A filter plate is arranged in the cooling filter bottom. A slag removal port is arranged on the bottom sidewall of the cooling filter. A cooling heat exchanger is arranged on the outer wall of the cooling filter. The distillation tower is equipped with 2-5 sections of tower plates, preferably 3 sections of tower plates. The outlets of the tower plates are connected with the condenser.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first annular manifold lies above the second annular manifold. The first annular manifold and second annular manifold are coaxially arranged. The outer diameter of the first annular manifold is smaller than the outer diameter of the second annular manifold. The branch pipes are uniformly distributed between the first annular manifold and the second annular manifold. There are 4-6 branch pipes. There are 6-10 water outlet heads. The side of the water inlet is connected to the side of the first annular manifold. Several water outlet heads are set on the upper side or lower side of the pipe wall of the second annular manifold. The first annular manifold is welded and connected to the water inlet. The two ends of several branch pipes are respectively welded and connected to the first annular manifold and second annular manifold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The precursor solution further contains pH modifier chosen from urea, ammonia and sodium hydroxide. The precursor solution comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate, yttrium chloride hexahydrate and zirconium oxychloride octahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Several reactors with different or same catalysts are used, in which each reactor is coupled with at least one separator, where each separator is used for the separation of at least one reaction product, including the unconverted carbon dioxide and water. At least one filter is optionally installed at the inlet and/or outlet of the reactor, for ensuring the filtration of initial, intermediate or end products of the reaction. The mixing unit is optionally designed with at least one filter. The separation unit is optionally designed with at least one filter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises a metal, an alloy, an oxide, or a mineral.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: Water and carbon dioxide are mixed in at least one mixing unit (2) to obtain carbonated water, and the obtained carbonated water is directed from the mixing unit to at least one reactor. The method further involves separating liquid hydrocarbons from water in liquid phase, separating hydrogen, oxygen, low molecular weight methane homologs and non-converted carbon dioxide from gaseous phase, forwarding liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen and oxygen for the subsequent processing, and returning carbonated water and carbon dioxide return to the mixing unit for re-use in the cycle. In the formation of hydrocarbon (CnH2n+2), hydrogen (3n+2k+1) and oxygen (3n+k+1), the addition amount of carbon dioxide is 1 or more and addition amount of water is 4n+2(k+1), where k is 0 or more and n is 1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Nucleic acid: The nucleotide sequence comprises base pair sequences exhibiting at least 80% homology to nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 62 encoding a CAD2 protein lacking NADPH-binding and C-terminal catalytic domains. Preferred Method: The premature stop codon is introduced by introducing an 'ac' dinucleotide insertion into exon 3 of the CAD2 gene, or introducing an insertion into intron 1 of the CAD2 gene in the maize plant. The method (M2) involves screening the isolated nucleic acid molecules by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), where PCR is performed using at least two primers capable of specifically hybridizing to base pair sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 23. The nucleic acid molecule is introduced into the organism by genetic transformation, or is stably integrated into genome of the organism. The crossing and backcrossing step is selected by CAD2 marker analysis at each generation. The amount of silage produced is more than 15% of dry matter in the animal diet. The corn silage is BM1 corn silage. Preferred Primer: The primer comprises 39 and 39 base pair sequences (SEQ ID NOs: 43 and 44) fully defined in the specification, and base pair sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 47, 49, 50, 52, 54, and 55. aggcttactgatatctg (SEQ ID NO: 47), gccggattgtgacccattat (SEQ ID NO: 49) cgcgacaggcggtaggta (SEQ ID NO: 50) acggcccacacgc (SEQ ID NO: 52), ggtcatacaacgacgtctacactga (SEQ ID NO: 54), and atggtggaggcgaatcca (SEQ ID NO: 55). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zeolite is Y-type zeolite or zeolite-X.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon fuel contains 4C or less hydrocarbon compound. The hydrocarbon fuel contains biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Unit: The deionization unit is provided between the fuel supply unit and the desulfurization unit. The porous ion adsorbent contains a zeolite. The hydrocarbon fuel contains 4C or less hydrocarbon compound. The hydrocarbon fuel is desulfurized and modified.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Zeolite is X-type zeolite or Y-type zeolite, and active metal is silver or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fuel: The hydrocarbon fuel contains 4C or less hydrocarbon compound. The desulfurization system further has fuel supply unit (2) for supplying hydrocarbon fuel having 0.001-2 volume% of moisture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ground seed of P.frutescens is added in dry weight ratio of 0.0004 weight/volume% or more, preferably 0.0004-0.9 weight/volume%, with respect to total fermentation ingredients. The fermentation is carried out in presence of microorganisms chosen from yeast, Zygomonas and Zymobacter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The upper cover is provided in the top of the container on which the several frame is accumulated, the stopper is provided in the intermediate frame. The organic-refuse processing container is fresh soybean extract refuse-disposal container using soil that has upper cover provided in the upper opening of the container without a bottom face, and the outlet which can be attached or detached in the lower part of the container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The material binding brings about organic waste material of dried sewage sludge, animal- and/or bone meal. The percentage of moisture is adjusted by the addition of mixing water, wet-containing calorific value, value-rich or calorific value and/or recyclable waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A pump is connected at the bottom of the gas scrubber, which pumps back a part of the waste water enriched with the aggregate mixture into the gas scrubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Organic-type coagulated sludge is produced by performing coagulation sedimentation treatment of emulsion or latex containing waste water and carrying out dehydration process by adjusting water content to 20-80%. The manufacturing method involves performing drying process to produce granular solid fuel. Mixing ratio of mixture is changed, and amount of emitted heat is adjusted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The steam resistant catalyst comprises a metal oxide consisting of titanium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide and/or cerium oxide. The solid adsorbent is copper/zinc oxide present at a weight ratio of 0.005-0.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and/or sulfamic acid. The adsorbent comprises aluminosilicates, aluminum oxides, aluminum oxides, silica gel-based compositions, bleaching earth and/or clay minerals. The concentration of the adsorbent is 0.1-5 wt.% of the organic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic liquid is further mixed with an organic (preferred) and/or an inorganic acid liquid before contacting methanesulfonic acid. The steps (a) and (b) are carried out in atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. Preferred Components: The methanesulfonic acid is in the form of a liquid composition or is in combination with an adsorbent. The organic liquid comprises at least one fatty acid ester. The organic liquid is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, Jatropha oil, flaxseed oil, canola oil, cottonseed oil, pumpkin seed oil, coconut oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, palm oil, animal fat, animal oil, tung oil and/or biodiesel. The organic acid is malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and/or malonic acid. The concentration of methanesulfonic acid is 0.01-5 wt.% EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing organic waste using crusher, mixing the material in a stirrer, filling the obtained product in a plastic weaving bag to ferment, passing the fermented product to a drying apparatus, granulating the obtained product, and weighing and packaging the fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The critical carbon formation temperature (T) for the S/HHC value is determined experimentally using relation: T=425+30x S/HHC. The highest operating temperature of catalyst is 460-750 degrees C, preferably 550-650 degrees C. Preferred Process: The catalyst is provided on a support comprising alumina, magnesium-aluminum spinel, alumina-zirconia and calcium aluminates. Flow of steam is added as motive gas in an ejector driving a recycled stream of product gas. Carbon dioxide is added to the feedstock. The feedstock gas is generated from a carbonaceous material chosen from coke, coal, petcoke, biomass, oil, black liquor and animal fat. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises nickel as a catalytically active constituent. The ratio of steam and higher hydrocarbons is more than 1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base plate comprises (vol.%) agricultural waste flakes (94.5-85.7), urea formaldehyde resin (2.9-8.8), and water (balance); or agricultural waste flakes (94.5-85.7), urea formaldehyde resin (2.9-7.8), soil conditioner (preferably ammonium chloride, 1-1.8), nutrient powder (preferably charcoal particles or ceramic, 0.09-0.5), and water (balance). The agricultural waste flakes comprise straw, corncob, sorghum stalk, wheat straw, grapevine, or fruit tree branches; and have thickness of 0.5-1 mm and width of 5-10 mm. The binder is environment-friendly glue comprising urea grain resin, organic fertilizer and water. The base plate has thickness of 5-30 (preferably 5-10) cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid nitrogen bacteria water solution contains 200 million to 200 billion/g of potassium. The potassium mineral powder is potassium mineral powder. The phosphorite powder is phosphorus ore powder. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Nematocide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The PE microfiltration device has microfiltration accuracy of 5 mu m and molecular weight cut-off of 200. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The mechanical processing method comprises using garbage feeder, crusher, roller-type sieving machine or vibration sieving machine, magnetic separator, winnowing machine, and gravity separator for processing garbage, which are connected by conveyor. The biochemical processor is further provided with odor collection and processing device. The garbage crusher is hammer crusher. The fuel forming machine is cylindrical, spherical, or block.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: After biochemical treatment of garbage, the method comprises putting the garbage into garbage crusher for crushing; putting into low-temperature dechlorination device for low-temperature dechlorination process; and directly extruding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The compost in the secondary fermentation step has a moisture content of 30-75%, where the volume ratio of primary compost and secondary compost is 50:50. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The non-regioselective lipase is obtained from Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium cyclopium, Corynebacterium acnes, or Candida rugosa and 1,3- regioselective lipase is obtained from Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Mucor, pancreatic lipase, or rice bran. The ratio of non-regioselective lipase in concurrent immobilization lipase and 1,3-regioselective lipase is 1:3-3:1. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises jellyfish powder (3-10 parts weight) pulverized to a particle size of 400-600 mesh. ACTIVITY - Insecticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The EM soil modifier uses rice bran, peat, clay and other matrixes as the carrier for preparing EM solid soil modifier through solid fermentation technology. The wormcast is aggregated excrement discharged from belly after eating via the earthworm for culturing earthworm after naturally fermenting the cow dung. Preferred Component: The EM initial liquid comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and effective active microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chlorine-free wafer is deionized water, river water, well water or tap water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Temperature (I) is 400 degrees C or less and heating temperature (II) is 500 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous material comprises coal, coke, petroleum and/or biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the improved process of treatment applied to biomass from microalgae and macroalgae, the methanol concentration is 1-30% v/v, preferably 1-20% v/v, and sulfuric acid concentration is 0.05-3 M, preferably 0.075-1 M. The treatment time is preferably carried out at intervals of 150-270 minutes. The temperature used is 100-150 degrees C. The algal biomass is selected from Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., Chaetoceros gracilis, and Chaetoceros calcitrans. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the process the temperature is 450-650 (480-560) degrees C. The microalgae are marine microalgae (preferably diatomic microalgae). The lipid containing feedstock comprises 2-30 (preferably 5-20)wt.% lipids. The hydrocarbon feedstock comprises a vacuum gas oil, atmospheric residue or vacuum residue. The hydrocarbon feedstock comprises hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of at least 220 (preferably 180) degrees C as measured according to ASTM D-2887.The cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite. EXAMPLE - Batch of Chlorella was partially dried and milled and lipids were extracted using toluene as a solvent in a solvent extraction process. A blend of the extracted lipids (20 wt.%) and a mineral oil derived vacuum gas oil (80 wt.)% was mixed to form a first batch of the lipid-containing feedstock. The first batch was subjected to catalytic cracking in a small-scale fluidized catalytic cracking reactor. Commercial equilibrium catalyst comprising ultra stable zeolite-Y in an amorphous alumina matrix was used as the cracking catalyst. The reaction temperature was kept at 500 degrees C and a pressure of 1.1 bar was maintained. The product stream obtained was separated in a small-scale fractionator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature is 450-650 degrees C, preferably 480-560 degrees C. Preferred Components: The lipid containing feedstock further comprises a hydrocarbon feedstock. The hydrocarbon feedstock comprises: a vacuum gas oil, atmospheric residue or vacuum residue; and hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of at least 220 degrees C as measured according to ASTM D-2887. The hydrocarbon feedstock has an initial boiling point of at least 180 degrees C as measured according to ASTM D-2887. The lipid containing feedstock comprises 2-30 wt.% of lipids, preferably 5-20 wt.% of lipids. EXAMPLE - Extracted lipids (from Chlorellamicroalgae comprising phospholipids (4.5 wt.%), mono-glyceride (4 wt.%), diglyceride (24 wt.%), triglyceride (58 wt.%) and free fatty acid (95 wt.%)) (20 wt%) were blended a mineral vacuum gas oil oil (80 wt.%), where the blend had a metal content comprising extracted aluminum (50 mg), calcium (73), iron (50 mg), magnesium (10 mg), sodium (92 mg), phosphorus (370) and silicon (52 mg) blended to form a first batch of the lipid-containing feedstock comprising 20% of extracted lipids from microalgae. The first batch was subjected to catalytic cracking in a small-scale fluidised catalytic cracking reactor. Catalyst comprising ultra stable zeolite Y (USY) in an amorphous alumina matrix was used as the cracking catalyst. The reaction temperature was kept at 500 degrees C and the pressure was maintained at 1.1 bar (0.11 MPa) to product stream (comprising dry gas (1.9 wt.%), propylene (2.8 wt.%), liquefiedapetroleumagas (12 wt.%), gasoline (43.5 wt.%), light cycle oil (25.2 wt.%), heavy cycle oil (3.2 wt.%), slurry oil (1.75 wt.%) and coke (9 wt.%)). The product stream obtained was separated in a small-scale fractionator and analysed online using gas chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: In catalytic cracking aquatic microbial biomass, the aquatic microbial biomass comprises marine microalgae, preferably the diatomic microalgae. Catalytic cracking marine microalgae comprising, and preferably: (a) harvesting of marine microalgae; (b) partially or wholly drying of the harvested marine microalgae; (c) milling of the partially or wholly dried harvested marine microalgae; and (d) contacting the partially or wholly dried and milled marine microalgae with at least one cracking catalyst at a temperature of at least 450 degrees C to obtain a product stream; and separating one or more hydrocarbon fractions from the product stream. Cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite. It is the ultra-stable zeolite Y (USY) catalyst. The ratio of the cracking catalyst to the aquatic microbial biomass is at least 3. The temperature ranges from 450 degrees C to 750 degrees C, preferably from 480 to 560 degrees C. The process further comprises desulfurizing at least one of the hydrocarbon fractions. Preferred Fraction: The hydrocarbon fraction comprises less than less than 1000 ppmw sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The chamber exchange port is distributed at one end of the adjacent fermentation chambers and connected with two adjacent fermentation chambers. Each fermentation chamber is provided with the stirring device, ventilating device, power device and thermal insulation layer. The ventilating device and power device are arranged at both ends of each fermentation cavity respectively. The power device is connected to the stirring device. The thermal insulation layer coats the surface of fermentation cavity, which directly contacts the external air. The stirring device is composed of a hollow shaft and blades, which are spirally distributed on the hollow shaft. The end part of blade is provided with a flat solid metal block. The feeding port, discharge port and cavity exchange port are provided with baffle plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain exhibits increased uptake of xylose relative to a control yeast lacking the nucleic acid. The strain has a higher specific rate of ethanol production relative to control yeast lacking the nucleic acid. The xylose-containing material further comprises glucose. The promoter is a constitutive promoter. The promoter is inducible under oxygen limiting conditions. The polypeptide comprises amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4. The polypeptide comprises threonine or serine residue at position 544 of SEQ ID NO: 4. The yeast strain is Pichia stipitis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The strain exhibits increased xylitol production relative to control yeast lacking the nucleic acid. The strain has reduced xylitol dehydrogenase activity such that xylitol accumulates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acid is added to the unrefined crude glycerin to produce a pH of 6-8, preferably 6.5-7.5. The step of heating the alcohol reactant involves heating to a temperature of at least 150 degrees C, at least 160 degrees C, at least 180 degrees C, or at least 190 degrees C. The method includes the step of adding methyl ester of fatty acid (MEFA) into the alcohol reactant (25 wt.%). The MEFA is added up to 15 wt.% of total alcohol reactant including the MEFA. The method includes the step of adding MEFA into the alcohol reactant (60 wt.%) of total alcohol reactant including the MEFA. The alcohol reactant is heated as part of an mixture with lignocellulosic biomass, where the ratio of biomass to alcohol reactant is 0.05-20%, where the ratio is expressed as a percentage equivalent to the mass of biomass divided by the mass of solvent. Preferred Components: The alcohol reactant comprises unrefined crude glycerine (at least 90 wt.%) based on the total alcohol reactant weight. The unrefined crude glycerine includes fatty acid (at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 60 wt.%). The unrefined crude glycerine includes fatty acid (45-60 wt.%). The fatty acid fraction includes methyl ester of fatty acid. The unrefined crude glycerine includes methyl ester of fatty acid (at least 5%, at least 10%) of the unrefined crude glycerine. The alcohol reactant consists essentially of unrefined crude glycerin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrotreatment catalyst is a sulfur catalyst that comprises elements of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and/or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves providing particle having particle diameter of 5-30 mm after thermal decomposition and subjecting the product to pyrolysis at 220-260 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal. The metallic component is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, magnesium, calcium, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper and/or zinc, preferably potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The phosphorus rich culture solution comprises 3.32 g sodium acetate trihydrate, 43.75 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25.68 g calcium chloride dihydrate, 485.94 mg potassium nitrate, 91.26 mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 5 ml Tris buffer solution, 2 ml microelement solution (in which distilled water is added to make 1000 ml and pH is adjusted to 7.2); and trace element solution. The enriched solid culture medium comprises 3.32 g sodium acetate trihydrate, 43.75 mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25.68 g calcium chloride dihydrate, 485.94 mg potassium nitrate, 91.26 mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 5 ml Tris buffer solution, 2 ml microelement (in which distilled water is added to make 1000 ml and pH is adjusted to 7.2). The trace element solution and microelement solution comprise 5 g EDTA, 5 g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 1.6 g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 5 g manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 50 mg ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 50 mg boric acid, 10 mg potassium iodide, 50 mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, and water to make 1000 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The methanol gasoline comprises (pts.wt.) methanol (36-45), gasoline (46-55), additive (5.8-8), detergent (0.1-0.5), and corrosion inhibitor (0.1-0.5); methanol (38-45), gasoline (60-65), additive (5.8-8), detergent (0.1-0.3), and corrosion inhibitor (0.1-0.5); or methanol (44), gasoline (50), additive (5.8), detergent (0.1), and corrosion inhibitor (0.1). The additive is n-butyl alcohol, acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, dodecyl sodium sulfate, surface active agent, xylene, ethyl acetate, and/or dimethyl carbonate. The preservative is 2,6-di-tert-butyl p-cresol or barium petroleum sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surface active agent is Tween 80 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) or Span-20 (RTM: sorbitan monolaurate). The cleaning agent is nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether or triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The concentration of selenium is 25-35 g/l with respect to fertilizer mother liquor. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is diluted 550-700 times with water and 150 ml of diluted solution is sprayed per mu of paddy field.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The pervaporation membrane dewatering special device comprises material tank, filter, charging pump, heat exchanger, film machine, vacuum pump, condenser, product tank, and dewatering tank, which are connected by corresponding connecting pipeline. The heat source of heat exchanger in dewatering step of pervaporation membrane is steam heating or electrical heating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite multicarbon alcohol cosolvent contains (mass%) ethanol (45-70); propyl alcohol and isopropanol (10-20); n-butyl alcohol, isobutanol and tert-butanol (16-24); amyl alcohol, isopentanol, hexyl alcohol, heptanol, octanol, nonyl alcohol and decyl alcohol (3-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The Streptomyces H323 is Streptomyces H323 (CGMCC 4827) or its mutant obtained by spontaneous mutation or by mutagenesis, preferably Streptomyces H323 (CGMCC 4827). Preferred Composition: The assimilable carbon source is chosen from one or of starch, beta -cyclodextrin, glucose, industrial molasses, glycerol, sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, xylan, mannitol and sorbitol. The assimilable nitrogen source is chosen from one or more of yeast extract, yeast meal, beef extract, tryptone, peptone, soybean cake powder, cotton seed powder, peanut cake powder, gluten powder, corn syrup powder, bran, urea and ammonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Complex: The complex contains amine group containing cationic polymers, which are crosslinked on the surface of the complex. Preferred Composition: The complex further comprises amine group containing cationic polymers, and comprises bacterial biomass, which is cross-linked on the surface. Preferred Microorganisms: The bacterial biomass is obtained from bacteria chosen from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, C.glutamicum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Serratia marcescens and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sludge complex comprises (in wt.%) sludge powder (50-70), petrochemical powder (22-30), calcium hydroxide (1-3) and water (7-9).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The petrochemical powder comprises vinyl compound, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The material unloading hopper is connected with a dust collector via pipeline. A solid flow meter I is arranged on the pipeline of which the pneumatic vacuum pressure conveyor is connected with the material unloading hopper. A solid flow meter II is arranged on the pipeline of which the positive pressure conveying device is connected with the material storage hopper. A load detector is arranged on the material storage hopper. The device comprises 3 material storage tanks: a liquid level meter; a stirrer; and an electric heater which are arranged on each material storage tank. A measurement pump and an electromagnetic valve are disposed on the pipeline connected with the material storage tank, and a filter device is further installed on one of the pipelines. The pneumatic vacuum pressure conveyor is connected with a material extractor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The enzymes are extracellular and recoverable from the supernatant, or intracellular and obtainable from the microorganism cells. The microorganism culture or the supernatant is re-circulated in the process. The process water released from the process comprises greater than or equal to 5, preferably greater than or equal to 10% less proteins than the process water of a single cell oil process without enzyme recovery. The aqueous phase of the microorganism culture or the supernatant is concentrated. The enzymes comprise hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, isomerases, transferases and/or ligases, and hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds. The microorganism is a fungus or a yeast, the fungus comprising Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Rhizopus and Humicola, and the yeast comprising Cryptococcus. Preferred Methods: The enzyme production is initiated and/or maintained by adding an enzyme inducer into the microorganism culture or the enzyme production occurs constitutively. The microorganism is cultivated on a medium comprising polymeric biomass (lignocellulose) as carbon source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises step (h) comprising drying the de-oiled crushed seeds. The adjustment of the pH of the suspension is carried out with hydrochloric acid, prior to the deposition of the oil phase. The residence time is maintained for at least 30 minutes, preferably 30-60 minutes, after the addition of water and acid. The deposition of the oil phase from the suspension is carried out in a centrifugal field, preferably a decanter or with a decanter (8). The cleaning of the plant seeds or nuts is carried out before crushing plant seed, or nuts. The drying the plant seeds or nuts are carried out after the optional cleaning and before crushing the plant seeds or nuts. The deposition of the oil phase is carried out by a multiple de-oiling from the suspension. The oil polishing of the oil phase is carried out in a centrifuge (12), preferably a separator. Preferred Components: The pH of added water is less than or equal to 3.2. The oil-containing suspension prior to the deposition of the oil phase has a temperature of 60-80 degrees C, preferably 80-95 degrees C. The water-to-product ratio is 1+2 to 2+1. The water content of the suspension is greater than 35, preferably greater than 40 wt.%, based on the total mass of the suspension. The suspension after a first extraction of the oil phase from the suspension, exhibits a residual oil content of less than 4 wt.%, based on the total mass of solids in the suspension. EXAMPLE - Water (160 kg) was provided in a heatable stirred tank, which was indirectly heated to 95 degrees C. Subsequently, peeled, milled Jatropha seeds (12 kg) were provided. The suspension was adjusted with concentrated hydrochloric acid (5.8 kg) to a pH of 3 and the suspension was adjusted to a temperature of 90 degrees C. The suspension was stirred gently for 60 minutes in a container. The suspension was then separated to an oil phase and a de-oiled phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The system comprises at least one catalyst selected from cobalt molybdenum sulfide, nickel molybdenum sulfide, platinum on refractory support, and/or palladium on refractory support. The hydrotreater operable with hydrotreating catalyst comprising nickel and molybdenum or cobalt and molybdenum. FT catalyst is a cobalt catalyst or iron catalyst. The iron catalyst comprises iron/potassium/copper with or without silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Feed used in production of synthesis gas comprises coal, natural gas, biomass, and/or municipal solid waste. Second component comprises vegetable oils, brown grease, yellow grease, animal fats, and/or pyrolysis oils. The upgraded product comprises FT diesel, FT jet, chemical, or propane. The method further comprises producing FT hydrocarbons by introducing synthesis gas into at least one FT reactor, operating the FT reactor under FT synthesis conditions, and extracting product comprising FT hydrocarbons from the at least one FT reactor. The upgraded product comprises C17 hydrocarbons and C18 hydrocarbons. Hydrogenation is performed at 100-1000 psig.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method above, all microbiological stages occur in both thermophilic and mesophilic regime without microbiological phase separation. The process is conducted without causing co-digestion with any other type of waste, e.g. sewage sludge. The solids content of waste is 20-30%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin is obtained from: at least one para-substituted alkylphenol, preferably p-nonylphenol; at least one aldehyde and/or a ketone comprising formaldehyde (preferred), acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, 2-ethyl hexanal, benzaldehyde or acetone; at least one alkylamine having at least one primary amine group, preferably at least one compound whose all amine groups are primary amines; p-nonylphenol, formaldehyde and at least one hydrocarbon compound having at least one alkylmonoamine or alkyl polyamine; or at least one fatty chain alkylamine or its mixture, preferably 12-22C alkylamine. The resin has a viscosity of, at 50 degrees C measured using a dynamic rheometer at a shear rate of 100 second-1 to a solution of the resin diluted with 30 wt.% of an aromatic solvent, 1000-10000 mPas, preferably 2500-5000 mPa. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pyrolysis oil contains products derived from pyrolysis of biomass including lignin fragments, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, phenols, furfurals, alcohols, ketones and/or triglycerides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The feedstock is woody material, grasses, agricultural plants, or residues. It is bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, brown coal, peat, and waste coal materials produced by screening or gravity separation processes. Preferred Method: The compacting step is conducted at 0-50 degrees C. The method further comprises thermally drying the dried compacted material at low temperature to form a low moisture compacted material, and briquetting the low moisture compacted material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is industrial wastewater and raw water. The gas is bio-gas. The industrial wastewater is processed in the plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The proton exchange membrane includes composite catalytic electrodes made of platinum alloy.
ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves heating foodstuffs (25-35%), sample (25-35) and sludge (10-20). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises: adjusting the pH of the solution of carbonated water and morpholinopropane sulfonic acid to 6-6.5 using a base before the addition of crude imipenem; heating the slurry of crude imipenem in carbonated water and morpholinopropane sulfonic acid to 35-45 degrees C for dissolution; and slurry washing the sterile imipenem by morpholinopropanesulfonic acid at 25-35 degrees C and at pH of 6.5-7. The carbon treatment is carried out at ambient temperature and filtration is carried out using 0.2 mu micron filter. Preferred Components: The base is N-methylmorpholine. The organic solvent is lower alcohol and/or ketone. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol and/or n-butanol. The ketone is acetone and/or methyl ethyl ketone. EXAMPLE - Carbonated water (2000 ml) was taken in to the round bottomed flask. Morpholinopropane sulfonic acid (12 g) was charged into the flask containing water for injection and dissolved completely, the pH was adjusted 6 to 6.5 by using N-methyl morpholine. Then crude imipenem (50 g) was added into it to get a slurry. The slurry mass was heated to 35-45 degrees C to dissolve completely. Then the reaction mass cooled to 5 degrees C. Eno carbon (10 g) was charged into the mass and stirred well for 30 minutes. The aqueous mass was filtered and followed by 0.2 mu filtration. Acetone was charged to the filtered mass. The solid was filtered and washed by aqueous acetone. The solid was dried under vacuum for 6-8 hours to give pure crystalline imipenem (40-42.5 g) with purity of 99.80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises 1-30 wt.% of pyrolysis derived gasoline having a lifecycle greenhouse gas emission value of 5-50 g of carbon dioxide equivalent/MJ. Preferred method: The step (c1) comprises fractionating the hydroprocessed pyrolysis oil to separate the pyrolysis derived gasoline from lower boiling hydrocarbons and higher boiling hydrocarbons. The method further comprises (e1) generating, from at least a portion of the 4C- hydrocarbons, at least a portion of the hydrogen for contacting with the raw pyrolysis oil in step (b1). The step (e1) comprises catalytically reforming at least the portion of the 4C- hydrocarbons in the presence of steam. The step (d1) comprises blending the pyrolysis derived gasoline with both (i) 50-98 wt.% of a petroleum derived gasoline and optionally ethanol. Preferred Components: The pyrolysis derived gasoline: is derived from rapid thermal processing (RTP); is obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass consisting of hardwood, softwood, hardwood bark, softwood bark, corn fiber, corn stover, sugar cane bagasse, switchgrass, miscanthus, algae, waste paper, construction waste, demolition waste, and/or municipal waste; has a lower heating value of 37-46 MJ/kg; has a distillation end point temperature of 138-216 degrees C; comprises 0.02-4 wt.% of organic oxygenates; comprises at least 97 wt.% of hydrocarbons; comprises 55-85 wt.% of cyclic hydrocarbons; comprises less than 3 wt.% of combined benzene and toluene; has a research octane number (RON) of 83-93; and has a lifecycle greenhouse gas emission value of 15-50 g of carbon dioxide equivalent/MJ. The ethanol is derived from corn or sugar. The higher boiling hydrocarbons are contained in pyrolysis derived kerosene or a pyrolysis derived diesel. The lower boiling hydrocarbons comprise 4C- hydrocarbons. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae comprise marine microalgae, preferably diatomic microalgae. The lipid-containing feedstock comprises 2-30 (preferably 5-20) wt.% lipids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the temperature is 450-650 degrees C, preferably 480-560 degrees C. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon feedstock comprises: a vacuum gas oil, atmospheric residue or vacuum residue; or hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of at least 220 degrees C as measured according to ASTM D-2887. The hydrocarbon feedstock has an initial boiling point of at least 180 degrees C as measured according to ASTM D-2887. EXAMPLE - Batch of marine microalgae of species Chlorella was partially dried and milled. Lipids were then extracted from the marine microalgae using toluene as a solvent in a solvent extraction process. A blend of 20 wt.% of these extracted lipids and 80 wt.% of a mineral oil derived vacuum gas oil was mixed. The obtained lipids were blended with mineral vacuum gas oil (VGO) to form a first batch of the lipid-containing feedstock comprising 20 wt.% extracted lipids from microalgae and 80 wt.% VGO (by weight). The first batch was subjected to catalytic cracking in a small-scale fluidized catalytic cracking reactor, by using ultra stable zeolite Y in an amorphous alumina matrix as the cracking catalyst. The reaction temperature was maintained at 500 degrees C and the pressure was maintained at 1.1 bar (0.11 MPa). The product stream obtained was separated in a small-scale fractionator to obtain the hydrocarbon fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The one or more microorganism is a carboxydotrophic bacterium. The carboxydotrophic bacterium is Moorella, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Acetobacterium, Eubacterium, Butyribacterium, Oxobacter, Methanosarcina, and Desulfotomaculum. The carboxydotrophic bacterium is Clostridium autoethanogenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The gas stream is converted to a substrate stream comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a steam reforming process. The substrate stream exiting the steam reforming process is passed into a secondary reformer (112), where at least a portion of methane remaining in the substrate stream is converted to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen before the steam is passed to the bioreactor. The exhaust gas stream is directed to a carbon dioxide separation zone (116), which is operated at condition comprising removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and providing a purified exhaust gas stream. The purified exhaust gas stream is directed to an ammonia production zone. The method comprises passing the effluent stream into methanation zone for removing traces of carbon monoxide, before the effluent stream is passed into the ammonia synthesis zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The one or more products are ethanol, 2, 3-butanediol, and acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal comprises palladium or nickel. The substrate is activated carbon. The metal comprises chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, platinum, zinc, silver, copper, and/or gold. The catalyst is a bi-metallic catalyst or a tri-metallic catalyst. The metal is free of electroless deposition impurities. The metal deposition is accomplished with hydrazine, aldehydes, and/or carboxylic acids. The metal deposition is accomplished with hydrazine incrementally or continuously added during the deposition. The loading of the metal is less than 15 (preferably less than 5, especially less than 1) wt.%. The substrate has pores 0.2-10 nm wide. The substrate comprises activated carbon, carbon foam, alumina, metal foam, silica-alumina, silica, zeolites, titania, zirconia, magnesia, chromia, and/or monoliths. The catalyst is catalytically active for hydrogenation and preferential deoxygenation of triglycerides by decarbonylation and decarboxylation over hydrodeoxygenation so that the ratio of odd carbon number molecules to even carbon number molecules in the deoxygenated product is 6:1. The catalyst comprises a substrate comprising activated carbon in granular form with size of 0.5-3 mm having pores 0.2-10 nm wide; and an electrolessly deposited catalytically effective palladium or nickel coating having nanoscale thickness disposed on the surfaces of the pores, the palladium or nickel loading being less than 2 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises maintaining carbon monoxide partial pressure up to 0.1 megapascals (15 psi) where the metal comprises palladium. The contacting the catalyst with the hydrocarbons and hydrogen to preferentially accomplish deoxygenation by decarbonylation and decarboxylation over hydrodeoxygenation is accomplished at 300-400 degrees C and pressures of 1.5-15 megapascals, where the metal is palladium. Preferred Components: The metal comprises palladium, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, platinum, zinc, silver, gold and/or copper. The porous substrate comprises: carbon foam, alumina, silica-alumina, metal foam, silica, zeolite, titania, zirconia, magnesia, chromia and/or monoliths; or granular and comprises activated carbon (preferred), alumina, silica-alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, magnesia, chromia and/or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, deoxygenation of triglycerides is by decarbonylation and decarboxylation over hydrodeoxygenation so that the ratio of odd to even carbon number in the deoxygenated product is 6:1. Preferred Components: The catalyst is: catalytically active for hydrogenation and preferential deoxygenation of triglycerides by decarbonylation and decarboxylation over hydrodeoxygenation; or catalytically active for preferential deoxygenation of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and/or phenolics by decarbonylation and decarboxylation over hydrodeoxygenation. The hydrocarbons comprise triglycerides. The catalyst has a metal loading of less than or equal to 2 (preferably 1)% with deoxygenation efficiency greater than 90%. The weight hourly space velocity is 0.2-2.5. The ratio of decarbonylation to decarboxylation is 6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The digestive solvent comprises: at least one alkali comprising sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and/or ammonium hydroxide and water; and the alkali, water and oxygenated intermediates. The digestive solvent comprises an at least partially water miscible organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oxygenated intermediates are: subjected to condensation to produce a liquid fuel; and subjected to dehydration and alkylation to produce a liquid fuel. The method (c) further comprises a second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream is recycled to form in part the recycle solvent in step (xi). Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises oxygenated intermediates from step (iii). The pretreated biomass contains soluble carbohydrates and having less than 10% of the sulfur content and less than 10% of the nitrogen content based on untreated biomass on a dry mass basis. EXAMPLE - Solvent mixture (42.25 g) (25% of acetone, 25% of isopropanol and 2% of acetic acid) were contacted with southern hardwood (4.308 g) for 5 hours at 170 degrees C, followed by cooling to room temperature for recovery of undigested solids by filtration. The recovered solid pulp was water washed to remove residual solvent. A portion was dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 90 degrees C to assess dry solids content of the recovered pulp to extract original softwood, on a dry mass basis, using a contact time of 5 hours. The extracted biomass sample was added with water and oxygenated organic solvents in water, with a contact time as low as 2-5 hours and worked up to give liquid fuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (I): the temperature required for the conversion is at least 54 degrees F, preferably at least 72 degrees F that is lower than the temperature that would be required to convert the mixture if the catalyst instead comprised cobalt and molybdenum, but not nickel; the mixture comprises solely biomass-derived hydrocarbons; the pressure is maintained at 100-3000 pounds/square inch gauge (psig), preferably 100-2000 psig; and the temperature within the reactor is maintained at less than or equal to 310 degrees C. In the process (II), the temperature required for the conversion is at least 10 degrees F that is lower than the temperature that would be required to convert the mixture if the catalyst instead comprised of cobalt and molybdenum, but not nickel. Preferred Components: The majority of the hydrocarbons suitable for use as a renewable fuel comprise at least one hydrocarbon having 13-20C in length. The biomass derived hydrocarbons comprises greater than 10 vol.% of the mixture. EXAMPLE - Diesel blend with 1000 ppm sulfur was mixed with soybean oil to obtain 10 vol.% of soybean oil feedstock. Then hydrotreating catalyst (nickel and molybdenum) was presulfided prior to use. Then the hydrotreating of soybean oil was performed at a pressure of 500 pounds/square inch gauge, liquid hourly space velocity of 1 hour1, hydrogen/liquid feed of 2250 standard cubic feet per barrel, and hydrotreating temperature of 536-707 degrees F to obtain a hydrocarbon as fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel (F1) comprises (wt.%) mesitylene (60-90, preferably 75-85, especially 80); tetradecane (10-40, preferably 15-25, especially 20); or contains (wt.%) heptane (15-75, preferably 37.5 or 50), mesitylene (1-65, preferably 45 or 10), and tetradecane (5-20 or 25-60, preferably 17.5 or 40); or comprises (wt.%) mesitylene (20-99, preferably 70 or 35) and octadecane (1-50, especially 30 or 15); and optionally octane or nonane, preferably octane (30-60, preferably 50). The fuel (F2) comprises mesitylene (20-25 vol.%). The biogenic turbine fuel (F2) further comprises a petroleum-based fuel. EXAMPLE - A diesel fuel comprising (wt.%) mesitylene (35), octane (50), octadecane (15) was prepared which showed boiling point of 441 degrees K, net heat of combustion of 43.15 MJ/kg, and density of 0.7701 g/cc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Strain: The B.braunii strain is cultured at optimum temperature of 30 degrees C or more. The B.braunii strain is B.braunii (FERM ABP-11441). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline substance comprises potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or ammonia water. The microelement salt comprises zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel chloride, boric acid, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, sodium molybdate and/or sodium selenate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the gasifier there are 2 cooling towers which are connected to each other.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel composition further comprises a material or mixture of materials grasses, plants, trees, algae, hemp, coconut, rice husks, and/or corn, preferably a mixture of mallee grass and timber pulp such as sawdust. Preferred Method: The method further comprises addition of 5 wt.% of the material selected. Preferred Components: The cellulose material is reclaimed MDF (rMDF) pretreated with a water resistant material. The waste oil comprises spent motor oils, lubricants, vegetable oils, cooking oils and/or fuel oils.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition is a solid fuel composition for co-combustion with coal in a coal fired power plant, comprising a waste oil such as engine oil (10-20 wt.%), a cellulose material (80-90 wt.%) capable of absorbing the waste oil. The composition contains used engine oil (15 wt.%), rMDF (80 wt.%), malee tree (1 wt.%), saw dust (1 wt.%), Eucalyptustree/ leaves (1 wt.%); olive tree/leaves (1 wt.%), and used paper (1 wt.%). The solid fuel composition comprises waste oil such as engine oil (10-20 wt.%), a cellulose material (75-80 wt.%) capable of absorbing the waste oil, and the material or mixture of materials (5 wt.%). EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): used engine oil (15); recycled medium density fiberboard (80); malee tree (1); saw dust (1); Eucalyptustree/ leaves (1); olive tree/leaves (1); and used paper (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The arrangement further comprising means for separating solids from the pyrolysis gas obtained from the pyrolysis reactor before cooling of to form bio-oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steps (b) and (c) are carried out in the same reactor. In the method, there is no intervening condensation or recovery of pyrolysis liquid between steps (b) and (c). The cooling step (d) is multistaged. The step (c) is enhanced by (c1) generating hydrogen radicals from the high-temperature steam being used in steps (b) and (c) by active, electrical means and (c2) contacting the oxygenates formed in step (b) with hydrogen radicals formed in step (c1). The additional step (e) is included between steps (c) and (d), where solid material is separated from the gaseous components obtained from steps (b) and (c), before cooling of the gaseous components in step (d) to form bio-oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel source further comprises: a perforated container or an enclosure (112) surrounding the removable cartridge of chemical hydride particles or stacks; air gaps (102) between each stack, or air gaps between the flexible, porous, liquid water impermeable, hydrogen and water vapor permeable membrane; and a liquid water impermeable, hydrogen and water vapor permeable membrane or particulate filter positioned between the chemical hydride particles or stacks and the enclosure. The chemical hydride comprises lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium hydride (all preferred), potassium aluminum hydride, magnesium aluminum hydride, calcium hydride, magnesium hydride, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and/or alkali metal silicides. In the fuel source (S1): the chemical hydride particles are contained in a removable cartridge; the particles of chemical hydride have a particle size of from 1-10 mu m in diameter, where the fuel source comprises a mixture of chemical hydride particles of different size; and the particles of chemical hydride have a bimodal distribution so that smaller particles of chemical hydride fit within the interstices of larger chemical hydride particles. The metal hydride comprises ab5 compounds, ab2 compounds, ab compounds, complex alloys, intermetallic compounds and/or solid solution alloys, preferably lanthanum pentanickel, lanthanum-nickel-manganese alloy (LaNi4.6Mn0.4), manganese nickel-cobalt aluminum alloy (MnNi3.5Co0.7Al0.8) or (MnNi4.2Co0.2Mn0.3Al0.3), titanium iron nickel alloy (TiFe0.8Ni0.2), calcium nickel alloy (CaNi5), vanadium titanium iron alloy ((V0.9 Ti0.1)0.95Fe0.05)) and/or lithium nickel aluminum alloy (LaNi4.7Al0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In recycling fine ash particles for the MCR, the MCR is selected from a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, and an entrained-flow bed reactor, where the MCR is a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor is one used for coal gasification. The fluidized bed reactor comprises a vertical reaction vessel having a dense phase portion and a dilute phase portion above the dense phase portion, and a distribution grid within the vessel in the dense phase portion defining the bottom of the reaction bed, where a high temperature zone is located above the distribution grid, and where the fine ash particles are returned to the high temperature zone through the distribution grid. The fine ash particles are returned to the high temperature zone using a pneumatic gas conveyor system. The gas used for the pneumatic conveyor system does not contain oxygen. The gas used for the pneumatic conveyor system comprises nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, syngas, steam, or a mixture. One or more cyclones, one or more bag-house filter systems, one or more ceramic filters, one or more electric precipitators, or a combination, are used to separate or collect the fine ash particles from the exit gas stream. Preferred Reactor: The MCR is selected from a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, and an entrained-flow bed reactor. Preferred System: In the fluidized bed coal gasification system, the fly ash recycle subsystem comprises one or more stages of cyclone, one or more baghouse filter systems, one or more ceramic filters, one or more electric precipitators, or a combination. The fly ash recycle subsystem comprises a pneumatic gas delivery device for delivering the fly ash. The pneumatic gas delivery system has a jet stream outlet through the distribution plate, and the fly ash is delivered directly into the high temperature region just above the distribution grid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: The biomass fuel comprises farm crop straw, agricultural and forestall processing waste and organic garbage. The fire coal includes various kinds of raw coals with medium and/or low heat values. The sulfur-fixing agent includes lime, dolomite powders and diatomaceous earth. Preferred Method: The forming step includes squeezing forming, extrusion forming or compression forming. The finished product is in a shape, which is spherical, rod, column, hollow rod or perforated column shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In utilizing biomass, the biomass used has a lignin content of 15-25% by weight and a water content of 10-15% by weight. The biomass used is selected from wood pellets, stalk pellets, straw pellets. The biomass is pyrolyzed in an oxygen reduced atmosphere compared to air, in particular in an atmosphere which has a content of oxygen not exceeding 10% by volume. The biomass is pyrolyzed in an atmosphere which has a content of nitrogen amounting to at least 90% by volume. The biomass is pyrolyzed near-anaerobically and is carried out without the addition of air or another atmospheric throughput. The biomass is pyrolyzed anaerobically. The biomass used is heated from ambient temperature to a target temperature in the range of 550-750 degrees C, the gas driven out below a boundary temperature in the range of 120-250 degrees C is utilized as steam, and the gas driven out above the boundary temperature is freed of condensable constituents which are utilized as oil and/or tar and the uncondensable constituents are utilized as fuel gas. The oil obtained from the condensable constituents is utilized for producing synthesis gas, where oil obtained from the condensable constituents meets the specification to be used as a feedstock for the production of synthesis gas in current industrial installations. Preferred Solid: In the carbon-rich solid, its content of fixed carbon measured by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) method is amounting to 75-95% by weight. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises (in parts weight) sodium hypochlorite (95.5-104.5), sodium hydroxide (1.68-3.26), hydrochloric acid (0.8-1.2), magnesium chloride (0.01-0.02), and calcium hydroxides (0.01-0.02).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel oil is one-type or two-or-more types of fuel oil chosen from C heavy oil, crude oil, and waste oil. The hydrolysis biofuel is fuel oils (70-90 parts weight), water (10-27 parts weight), and additives (2-3 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pressure in the HDO reactors is 5-20 MPa, preferably 10-15 MPa. The temperature of inlet of the first catalytic bed is 120-180 degrees C, preferably 140-160 degrees C. The process is continuously operating, preferably with Delta Tmax of less than 20 at 30 degrees C between each hydrogen injection. The total or forced HDO (conversion of 90%) comprises at least 4 H2 injections, preferably at least 6. The temperature of the outlet of last catalytic bed is 320-380 degrees C, preferably 180-320 degrees C. Preferred Components: The HDO catalysts or catalyst beds are catalysts comprising at least one metal of Group VI, VII or VIII (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, and rhenium) or metals, preferably deposited and/or dispersed on supports such as alumina, silica-alumina, cerium, zirconium, carbon, titanium, zeolite (zeolite beta), zeolite Y, MFI-type zeolites, mordenite, silicalite, shader model 3 (SM3) and/or faujasite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Perovskite or perovskite compound of formula (AB1O3~d) (I) with a catalytically active component is used as the catalyst-oxygen carrier.A = La, Sr or Ca; andB1 = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Zr, Nb, Al, Sn or Ce.Preferred Components: The molded body comprises perovskite or (I) and catalytically active component. The reactors comprise a device for tempering the molded body, and a device for raw gas recirculation. Preferred Method: A least two reactors, which are filled with the molded body of the catalyst-oxygen carrier are used alternately, many times for the partial oxidation of the condensed tar component of the combustible raw gases using the molded body, in which the combustible raw gases are passed over the molded body for regeneration or re-oxidation of the used molded body. The air or oxygen-enriched air is passed over the used molded body. The combustible raw gas is passed over the molded body of the first reactor, where the tar components of the combustible raw gas is condensed on the surface of the molded body, and the condensed tar components are partially oxidized by oxygen supply of the molded body. The combustible raw gas stream is passed over the molded body of an additional reactor for partial oxidation and condensation of the condensed tar components before the oxygen of the molded body of the first reactor is used, and the used catalyst-oxygen carrier-molded body of the first reactor is regenerated by air supply for re-loading with raw gas. At least a change in the direction in the combustible raw gas flow takes place during the partial oxidation of the combustible raw gas. The change of the flow with combustible raw gas takes place in the reactor, when the molded body supplies the sufficient oxygen for partial oxidation of tar components condensed on the molded body. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to the compost material, adding the compost material in Effective Microorganisms (EM) stock solution, then adding straw rotting agent to the compost material. Composting is performed for 34-54 days by ventilation composting at 0.2 m3/hour. Preferred Component: Mass ratio of banana stalk, livestock manure, rice hull and peanut straw is 50-55:25-30:5-10:10-15. The white rot fungus is cultured at 25 degrees C for 7 days. The banana stalk has length of 3-5 cm, water content of 88-94%, total nitrogen (N) content of 0.5-1 g/kg, phosphorus content of 0.1-0.5 g/kg, total potassium content of 2-4 g/kg, carbon (C) content of 40-50%, and C/N ratio of 50-60. The livestock manure is chicken manure. The compost material is present at 55-65%, has water content of 62%, C/N ratio of 15-30. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises taking the sawdust, cotton straw, bran, rice bran, corn powder, corn cob and cotton-seed shell and then mixing together, crushing the particles of 120 meshes in a crusher, adding gypsum powder into the crushed mixture, stirring the mixture in a stirring machine for 65 minutes, and adding water into the stirred mixture with the moisture content of 64-66%, where the pH value after sterilizing is 5.5-7.5. EXAMPLE - Sawdust (14 wt.%), straw cotton (30 wt.%), wheat bran (10 wt.%), rice bran (20 wt.%), corn flour (10 wt.%), corn cob (5 wt.%) and cotton seed shell (58 wt.%) were mixed and poured into the crusher. Gypsum powder (0.5 wt.%) was added into the mixture and stirred for 65 minutes. Water was added to the mixture with the moisture content of 62-67% and pH value of 5.5-7.5 and worked up to give Hypsizygus marmoreus compost.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The wood tar is extracted in the solvent under 20-30 degrees C, and pressure of 1 atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes to 1 hour. The wood tar is extracted by repetition of extraction for 1-3 times. The removal of solvent from the extract is performs by decompression distillation method. Preferred Components: The solvent for extraction is mixed solvent containing hexane and alcohol in mixed volume ratio of 4 to 9:6 to 1. EXAMPLE - An extract from wood tar was obtained using solvent comprising hexane and methanol mixed at volume ratio of 4:6 under 25 degrees C, and pressure of 1 atmospheric pressure for 45 minutes. Then solvent was removed by decompression distillation method and high caloric material having highest caloric content of 8526 kcal/kg was obtained from wood tar. Comparatively, for similar process that was performed using solvent comprising hexane and methanol mixed at volume ratio of 8:2, extract of wood tar material having lowest caloric content of 7805 kcal/kg was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: In step (b), the pig excrement is used as organic fertilizer, after fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The activated rice husk ash is absorbed in biodiesel, soap, and free glycerol to obtain purified biodiesel. The activated rice husk ash and silica gel, active carbon, active white clay, alumina, diatomite and silica are compounded. The activate content of rice hull ash is more than 50% to obtain the compound activated rice husk ash. The temperature of the material is 30-120 degrees C. The stirring speed is 100-3000 rpm. Time is 5-120 minutes. The adsorbent is 1-5% of the total weight of biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fermentation temperature is 65 degrees C. Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the pig manure and waste tobacco is 2:8. The content of organic matter-decomposing inoculant is 0.2 wt.%. The fertilizer comprises carbon and phosphorus in the ratio of 55-150:1, preferably 60:1, and carbon and nitrogen in the ratio of 20-35:1, preferably 28:1. The moisture content of the product is regulated to 50-75, preferably 55%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) taking plant branches, performing hydrothermal treatment under the action of first catalyst to obtain a first non-condensable gas and a liquid mixture; (ii) performing cracking-gasification process under the action of second catalyst to obtain a second non-condensable gas; and (iii) purifying the first and second non-condensable gas and removing impurities. The hydrothermal treatment is performed at 260-280 degrees C for 15-20 minutes under the pressure of 8-10MPa. The cracking-gasification process is performed at 600-700 degrees C for 10-15 minutes under the pressure of 28MPa. The step (i) further comprises vacuum extracting the hydrothermally treated product under a relative pressure of -0.03MPa, evaporating at 150 degrees C to obtain the first non-condensable gas and the liquefied mixture. The step (ii) further comprises vacuum extracting the product under the relative pressure of -0.03MPa, and evaporating at 150 degrees C to obtain the second non-condensable gas. Preferred Components: The first catalyst is a mixture of sodium carbonate and lanthanum oxide. The second catalyst is sodium carbonate, lanthanum oxide, or nickel powder mixture. The weight ratio of the plant branch to the first catalyst is 100:(1-2). The weight ratio of sodium carbonate and lanthanum oxide in the first catalyst is (90-92):(8-10). The weight ratio of the first liquid mixture to the second catalyst is 100:(0.8-1.5). The weight ratio of the sodium carbonate, lanthanum oxide and nickel powder in the second catalyst is (85-88): (10-12): (2-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in % by wt.): diesel oil (20-50), alcohol from biomass (5-25), a vegetable oil (5-25) and paraffin oil (5-15), a fatty acid (5-15), an additive (3-10), and water (1-30). Preferred Components: The composition comprises either (in % by wt.): diesel oil (20-45), alcohol from biomass (10-25), a vegetable oil (5-20) and paraffin oil (8-15), a fatty acid (8-15), and an additive (5-10); or diesel oil (30-40), alcohol from biomass (10-25), a vegetable oil (10-20) and paraffin oil (10-15), a fatty acid (5-10), an additive (5-10), and water (5-25); or diesel oil (30), alcohol from biomass (20), a vegetable oil (15) and paraffin oil (12), a fatty acid (7), an additive (8), and water (8). The alcohol from biomass is methanol or ethanol from byproducts of chemical factory, fertilizer factory, brewery, pharmaceutical factory or sugar factory. The vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, cotton seed oil, tea seed oil and/or soybean oil. The additive comprises (in wt. %): alcohol (10-20), isosorbide octyl (1-5), ethanolamine (1-5), diesel oil stabilizer (1-3), aqueous ammonia (20-40), cyclohexane (10-20), carbon (10-42), cetane improver (1-3), petroleum ether (10-20) and dicyclopentadienyl iron (1-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises rectification process after evaporation. The process of hydrolysis is carried out at 160-190 degrees C and at a pressure of 1-1.6 MPa. The reaction rate of hydrolysis is greater than or equal to 98%. The dehydration is performed until the moisture content is less than or equal to 0.3%. The esterification process is a catalyst-free gas-liquid-phase esterification reaction carried out at 120-190 degrees C and at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa until the acid value is reduced to less than or equal to 0.8. The separation utilizes the natural sedimentation method and flash-evaporating and concentrating the residue to obtain crude residue and condensed water, and using condensed water for hydrolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The culture medium for E.cloacae comprises (in g) beef extract (3), peptone (5), and deionized water (1 l). The culture medium for Gordonia comprises amylaceum (10), yeast extract (10), and deionized water (1 l). The culture medium for P.putida comprises beef extract (1.5), amylaceum (1), peptone (6), yeast extract (3), and deionized water (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid. The amount of phosphatide contained in biomass tropical crops of Hevea brasiliensis is 40 ppm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The rice-washing waste water concentrate contains crude proteins (13-23 wt.%), crude fats (13-20 wt.%), crude fiber (1-3 wt.%), crude ash (8-15 wt.%) and the substantial remainder of the solid content are quality of raw sugar. The feed contains mixed solid feed such as maize, cassava, wheat, millet or bubble.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst contained in the anode is selected form the group of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, tungsten, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. The formic acid oxidation electrode is provided with palladium supported with a carbon support and a solid polymer electrolyte. An element is provided for feeding oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The partially fermented waste is digestate. The partially fermented waste or digestate comprises 20-38, preferably 24-34, more preferably 26-32 wt.% of dry matter. The compost comprises 40-90, preferably 50-80, more preferably 60-70 wt.% of dry matter. The vegetables, fruits and garden waste comprise 25-60, preferably 30-50 wt.% of dry matter. The vegetables, fruits and garden waste are sieved and/or shredded before fermentation. The compost is fractioned into 15-40 mm. The nonfractioned compost is added to at least partially fermented waste or digestate. The process of composting the mixture is performed by providing aeration with air of ambient temperature of 70 degrees c, preferably 65 degrees c. The CO2 produced in the fermentation process and/or energy, preferably in the form of water is supplied to a green house. Preferred System: The waste treatment facility further comprises unit for shredding vegetable, fruit and garden waste, unit for sieving compost and/or vegetable, fruit and garden waste, unit for receiving and/or storing biogas, unit for upgrading biogas, unit for receiving and/or CO2 from the biogas, unit for storing compost, unit for treating humid and heated air derived from the composting unit, unit for treating air derived from the humid treatment unit, unit for obtaining heat or energy from the humid, heated air, and/or unit for receiving water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ester degradation zone comprises a hydrolysis zone. The process further involves a pressure swing adsorption zone for receiving the effluent from the reforming zone and providing a purified hydrogen stream. The treatment zone further provides a stream comprising water and an alcohol. The water and alcohol stream from the treatment zone is provided to the reforming zone. The reforming zone comprises an aqueous phase reforming zone, or a steam reforming zone, (preferably hydrodeoxygenation zone and an isomerization zone). The treatment zone comprises at least one ion exchange resin column, adsorber, electrolysis bath, evaporator, or fractionation column. The process involves providing a stream comprising a biofuel from the refining zone to a separation zone. The process further involves: passing the effluent from the reforming zone to a pressure swing adsorption zone to obtain a purified hydrogen stream. Preferred Components: The renewable feed comprises at least one vegetable oil, animal oil, tallow, used cooking oil, essential oil, algal oil, or tall oil. The renewable feed comprises at least one plant-derived oil. The alcohols comprises glycerol. The acid is fatty acids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The cell lysis reagent comprises an enzyme. Preferred Method: The sludge or effluent is maintained at its ambient pH. The method (M1) involves passing the sludge or effluent through a centrifuge. The method (M2) involves recycling at least a portion of the sludge to, or upstream of bioreactor, flowing the wastewater through a fixed media bed and flushing or backwashing the media bed. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Anabolic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite, preferably an ultra-stable zeolite Y catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aquatic microbial biomass comprises marine microalgae, preferably the diatomic microalgae, and the process comprises catalytic cracking the marine microalgae by: harvesting the marine microalgae; partially or wholly drying the harvested marine microalgae; milling the partially or wholly dried harvested marine microalgae; contacting the partially or wholly dried and milled marine microalgae with at least one cracking catalyst at at least 450 degrees C to obtain a product stream; and separating the hydrocarbon fraction from the product stream. In the process: the ratio of the cracking catalyst to the aquatic microbial biomass is at least 3; and the temperature is 450-750 degrees C, preferably 480-560 degrees C. The process further comprises desulfurizing at least one of the hydrocarbon fractions. EXAMPLE - Batch of marine microalgae of species Chlorella was partially dried and milled. The partially dried and milled Chlorella microalgae was subjected to catalytic cracking in a small-scale fluidized catalytic cracking reactor by using stable zeolite Y in an amorphous alumina as the cracking catalyst. The catalyst to feedstock mass ratio was maintained at 3. The reaction temperature was maintained at 500 degrees C and the pressure was maintained at 1.1 bar (0.11 MPa). The product stream obtained was separated in a small-scale fractionator to obtain the hydrocarbon fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracted biomass solids stream is subjected to digestion under conditions effective to produce pulp useful for producing paper or under conditions effective to produce digested biomass useful for subsequent enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation to produce alcohol. The oxygenated intermediates are subjected to condensation or dehydration and alkylation to produce the liquid fuel. Preferred Components: The purification substrate is activated carbon, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, clay mineral, diatomaceous earth, zirconia, titanium, polymeric adsorbent or ion exchange resin (preferred). The treated carbohydrate stream has a sulfur content of less than 10 wt.% and a nitrogen content of less than 10 wt.%, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream. The aqueous media comprises water and a water soluble organic solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The system comprises: a first fuels processing reactor comprising a dehydrogenation catalyst that receives a second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream and discharges an olefin-containing stream; and a second fuels processing reactor comprising an alkylation catalyst that receives the olefin-containing stream and discharges a liquid fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The purification substrate is selected from of activated carbons, aluminas, silicas, silica-aluminas, clay minerals, diatomatious earth, zirconia, titania, polymeric adsorbents, and ion-exchange resins (preferably ion exchange resin).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form in part the aqueous media and processing at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel. The extracted biomass solids stream is subjected to digestion. The digestion is under conditions effective to produce pulp useful for producing paper. The digestion is under conditions effective to produce digested biomass useful for subsequent enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation to produce alcohol. The oxygenated intermediate is subjected to condensation to produce a liquid fuel. The treated carbohydrate stream has a sulfur content of less than 10 wt.% and a nitrogen content of less than 10 wt.%, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream. Preferred Components: The aqueous media comprises water and a water soluble organic solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is lignite coke or iron sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The hydrocracking further involves: introducing the slurry into a slurry hydrocracker, along with a hydrogen stream and an additive stream, thus producing hydrocracking product, separating the hydrocracking product, in a hot separator, into the residue stream and an overhead stream; introducing the overhead stream into a fixed bed hydrocracker, along with a hydrogen stream, thus producing the hydrocarbon gas stream, the hydrocarbon liquid stream and the impurities stream. Preferred Components: The cellulose-containing feedstock is selected from sugar cane, straw, hay, wood chips, bamboo, and grasses. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises combining the liquid hydrocarbon mixture of step (c) with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to produce a improved liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The contacting step is conducted at 100-300 degrees C, preferably 120-260 degrees C and at a pressure of 200-8000 kPa, preferably 500-5000 kPa. The contacting step is conducted at a feedstream flow rate of 0.1-20 (preferably 0.5-15) h-1 liquid weight hourly space velocity. The functions of the first catalyst and the second catalyst are performed by the same catalyst. Preferred Components: The feedstream comprises a member comprising 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentandiol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,4-hexandiol, 1,5-hexanediol and/or 1,6-hexanediol. The first catalyst is a microporous molecular sieve comprising crystalline silicoaluminophosphates or aluminosilicates, where the molecular sieve has been chemically treated to prevent catalytic activity outside the internal channels of the catalyst, and the pore diameter of the molecular sieve restricts the catalytic formation of circular products inside the pores of the molecular sieve. The second catalyst comprises an acidic macroreticular ion-exchange resin and a commercial hydrotreating catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer (I) additionally comprises: many HRU of formula (-W1-CH(Z2)-Y1-); and many crosslinking repeating units of formula (-W1-CH(Z3-CH(Y1-)(W1-))-Y1-).Z2 = H or 1-10C hydrocarbyl, preferably H, methyl, isobutyl or phenyl; andZ3 = 1-20C hydrocarbyl, preferably phenylene or (CH2)1-20. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R3 = methyl;    R2, R4 = cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or tert-butyl;    Z1 = bond or phenylene;    W1, Y1 = bond or (CH2)1-5);    n = 0.1-0.4; and    X = hydroxide, halide, bicarbonate, carbonate, nitrate, cyanide, carboxylate or alkoxide.    EXAMPLE - Tris(cyclohexyl(methyl)amino)-cycloctenyl(methyl)aminophosphonium chloride (0.4 g) and cyclooctene (0.4 g) were combined and dissolved in chloroform (2 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To the reaction mixture, (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(phenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium (Grubbs' II generation catalyst) (3.8 mg) dissolved in chloroform (1 ml) was added and the solution was stirred vigorously and the reaction was carried out for 17 hours. The unsaturated copolymer was then dissolved in a 1:1 chloroform/methanol cosolvent (20 ml) to form a yellow solution. The obtained solution and 1,5-cyclooctadiene)(pyridine)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-iridium(I) hexafluorophosphate (Crabtree's catalyst) (14.3 mg) were combined in a Parr reactor and sealed. It was then pressurized to 600 psig hydrogen and vented down to 50 psig, and this process was repeated twice to purge the reactor of air, then pressurized to 600 psig and heated to 55 degrees C with rapid stirring. After 17 hours, it was cooled, vented and the swollen polymer gel dried under vacuum at 90 degrees C to obtain the polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is sodium. The molybdenum, cobalt and chromium are present in a molar ratio of molybdenum to a combination of cobalt and chromium of 0.5:1-4:1. The carbon is activated carbon. The catalyst has a molybdenum content of 1-30 wt.%, a cobalt content of 0.1-8 wt.%, a chromium content of 0.1-8 wt.%, an alkali metal content of 0.1-20 wt.%, and a carbon support content of 10-90 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Mixed solution of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (97.74 mg in 879.7 mu l of water) using 400 mu l to impregnate 400 mg of sieved/sized (40-80 mesh) activated carbon support material by incipient wetness, was prepared. The impregnated carbon was dried in air at 80 degrees C for 3 hours. A second impregnation was carried out with 223.4 mu l of the same ammonium heptamolybdate solution and repeat drying. A solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (58.7 mg), cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (59.8 mg) and chromium nitrate nonahydrate (82.5 mg) dissolved in water (1.46 ml), was prepared. The carbon support material was impregnated three times with 400 mu l of this solution and followed each impregnation by drying in air at 80 degrees C for 3 hours. A solution with sodium nitrate (207.2 mg) dissolved in water (948.4 mu l) was prepared and the carbon support material was impregnated in it (400 mu l) three times and followed each impregnation by drying in air at 80 degrees C for 3 hours. The multiply impregnated and dried carbon support material was calcined under nitrogen flow (200 ml/minute) at 120 degrees C for 2 hours, 210 degrees C for 2 hours and 350 degrees C for 3 hours. The calcined catalyst had a nominal composition of 15.5 wt.% of molybdenum, 2.3 wt.% of cobalt, 2 wt.% of chromium and 10.8 wt.% of sodium on a carbon support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal ion is chosen from ions of sodium, potassium, and cesium. The molybdenum and sulfur combines to form molybdenum sulfide. Preferred Properties: The catalyst composition exhibits strong reflections at angle 2- theta of 26.1, 36.9, and 53.8, and weak reflections at angle 2- theta of 23.3, 27.3, 34.4, 39.1, 46.2, 49.2, 49.3, 52.7, 55.1, and 58.8 measured by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and has surface area of 300-1000 m2/g measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Preferred Process: The nanofibrous, mesoporous carbon molecular sieve support is prepared by contacting mesoporous silica template with carbon source under conditions suitable to absorb the carbon source into the mesoporous silica template and polymerize the carbon source to form a nanofibrous, mesoporous carbon structure, removing the mesoporous silica template by contacting the nanofibrous, mesoporous carbon structure with aqueous acid or base under conditions suitable to dissolve the mesoporous silica template and obtain nanofibrous, mesoporous carbon molecular sieve support and recovering the nanofibrous, mesoporous carbon molecular sieve support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microalgae belong to Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, flagellatae, or Bacillariophyceae. The microalgae chosen from Euglena, Chlorella, Chlorococcum, and Volvox is obtained from sludge and/or organic wastewater and digestive liquid. Preferred Method: The method involves performing heterotrophic cultivation by supplying nutrients for culturing microalgae in microalgae cultivation tank, and autotrophic cultivation by performing photosynthesis. The nutrients include organic wastewater and/or an organic waste disposal liquid, and digestive liquid. Preferred System: The system further comprises nutrient adjustment supply tank (3), microalgae culture solution supply unit, wastewater receiving and storing tank, thickener tank (5), digestive liquid tank, solid-liquid-separation machine which separates digestive liquid from digestive liquid tank, an unit for supplying first microalgae cultivation tank through the supernatant liquid tank, devulcanizer for removing hydrogen sulfide from moisture-content removal device, culture solution extraction pump which supplies microalgae culture solution to the thickener tank, supernatant pump which supplies filtrate to the first microalgae cultivation tank from the supernatant tank, and supernatant liquid pump which supplies supernatant liquid to first microalgae cultivation tank from the supernatant liquid tank, nutrient pump which supplies nutrients to first microalgae cultivation tank, and gas blower. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The temperature is preferably -16 degrees C to -10 degrees C. The temperature of ethane hydrate is reduced to a temperature at which moisture content freezes. Ethane hydrate is then transferred at atmospheric pressure and stored.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coolant consists of propane, butane and pentane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The treatment dose and duration of the treatment process is controlled depending on the dry matter content of the biomass and analyzed fatty acid spectrum of the fermentation substrate and a cyclic substrate throughput with a working volume of the device, which is 3% of the total fermentation volume of the biogas plant is comparatively low. The air introduced into the container is generated via a compressor (7) and is pressed in the middle of a pipe system (8), which is installed in the container base, where correspondingly arranged lip seals prevent the penetration of fermentation substrate into the pipe system. The container is operated without pressure, such that the respired air does not leak. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is tertiary amine, preferably 1-6C trialkylamine, more preferably triethylamine. The solvent is halogenated hydrocarbon, preferably methylene chloride. Preferred Process: After making the amino compound which has a carboxyl group to react with thiocarbonyl diimidazole in a solvent, it is processed by hydrochloric acid as aqueous acid, filtered without passing through liquid separation operation using hydrochloric acid by using 5-8C alkane poor solvent. Preferred Definitions:    m,n=1;and    A=phenylene optionally substituted by halo or nitro group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is bentonite, kaolin, kieselguhr, or talc powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of polyoxin residues, monopotassium phosphate, carrier and borax is 100:2-10:1-50:1-10. Preferred Method: The method includes drying the mixture until moisture content of 12-14 wt.%, grinding, cooling, inspecting, and packaging to obtain organic fertilizer powder; or drying the mixture until moisture content of 14-22 (preferably 18%), squeezing and pelletizing through a template with aperture of 2.5-4 (preferably 2) mm, cooling, sieving, inspecting, and packaging to obtain granular organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in kg): biological carbon black (35); cow dung (10); pig manure (20); decaying straws (20); bean pulp (5); Azotobacter (0.1); Bacillus (0.02); and pyroligneous acid (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises: pelleting the material after mixing and stirring, drying, cooling, and then spraying the material surface layer; screening the material after the coating process; and passing into the steam drum granulator at 400 degrees C. The sieving processing is performed after the cooling process. The granulating step comprises two times of granulating processes, respectively as rotary drum granulation and disk pelleting. The airflow drying temperature is 300 degrees C. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of total content of the crop waste, humic acid, animal excrement mixture to the chemical fertilizer raw material is 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The crop straw powder is at least one of mixture of crushed rice rod, corn straw, wheat straw, soybean stover, canola straw, and cotton straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: After Sorghum stalk juice is fermented for 24-30 hours to obtain fuel alcohol, the waste liquid is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The step (B) comprises adding wet waste yeast thallus (50 g), glucose (30 g), methionine (2 g), copper sulfate (0.010 g) and zinc sulfate (0.04 g) to fresh squeezed Sorghum stalk juice, and performing activated cultivation at air quantity of 1.2 volume of air/volume of liquid/minute (vvm), stirring speed of 140 rpm and temperature of 32 degrees C for 32 hours. Activated fermentation liquor is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. Activated wet waste yeast thallus is added to 8 times 1.5 mol/L perchloric acid solution and stirred under ice bath at 4000 rpm for 1.5 hours, centrifuged for 10 minutes and separated, or the activated wet waste yeast thallus is added to 9 times 80% isopropanol solution, stirred under ice bath for 1.5 hours at 5000 rpm and centrifuged for 5-15 minutes. The step (D) comprises extracting for 2 hours and centrifuging at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain SOD.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%): B.subtilis (30), T.atroviride (10), S.cerevisiae (12), A.oryzae (20), P.expansum (18) and T.viride (10). Preferred Microorganism: The B.subtilis is B.subtilis ACCC11089 or B.subtilis ACCC03338, T.atroviride is T.atroviride ACCC32248 or T.atroviride ACCC30909, S.cerevisiae is S.cerevisiae ACCC20160 or S.cerevisiae ACCC20037, A.oryzae is A.oryzae ACCC30584 or A.oryzae ACCC30472, P.expansum is P.expansum (CGMCC NO.4077) and T.viride is T.viride ACCC30166 or T.viride ACCC31731. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The decomposing agent comprises preservative (0.1-0.2), brown sugar (10), soybean protein (10), fermentation activator (10) and remainder water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The water content of base stockpile is 60-65 wt.%, and the carbon/nitrogen content is 30-40. The basic stockpile is a mixture of cow dung and straw. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microecological alginic acid synergist of organic fertilizer further comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iodine, potassium, magnesium, manganese and selenium, where the total amount of each element is 1-150 g in per kg of the synergist. Preferred Method: The depolymerization is performed using polymethylgalacturonase (PMG) and/or polygalacturonic acid lyase (PG). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate or dodecyl dimethyl betaine. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is administered at a dosage of 50-100 g per acre on leaf surface of crop.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing dried chicken manure and pig manure, adding crushed manure to fermentation tank, adding organic fertilizer fermenting agent (2%) and water (30%), agitating mixture uniformly, subjecting agitated mixture to fermentation for 10-20 days (preferably 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter) and adding deodorizer (suitable quantity) to fermented mixture after fermentation process is completed. The method involves crushing the cottonseed cake, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, bone powder and magnesium amino acid chelate, adding crushed material and the fermented mixture into mixing tank, agitating mixture uniformly, transferring mixed material to granulator, drying granulated material using drier and cooling dried mixture to obtain the fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied on base or top portion of the dragon fruit plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The precipitant (0.1-w.3 t.%) is 101 fruit juice clarifying agent or ZTC1+1 series.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anion resin is D301, D280, D290 or D354. The macroporous resin is AB-8, XDA-5, S-8 or ADS-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The raw material is mixture of manure and straw. The method involves selecting manure as raw material and adding straw having carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30-40, adjusting the water content of the raw material to 60-70 wt.%, placing the raw material in compost box for 10-40 days, maintaining environmental temperature at 5-25 degrees C, raising the stack temperature to 55 plus minus 5 degrees C and statically fermenting the compost, maintaining the temperature for more than 6 days, detecting carbon-nitrogen content value and fermenting till the carbon-nitrogen content is reduced to less than 0.6. The size of compost box is 180x 120x 100 cm. The stack temperature is more than 60 degrees C and temperature is maintained at 50-60 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The edible fungi is Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus geesteranus or mushroom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The method utilizes metal curing agent that is pre-added and uniformly mixed in the sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) providing the Jerusalem artichoke raw material, (b) hydrolyzing the Jerusalem artichoke raw material with acid to obtain Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzate, (c) adding inorganic salt to the Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzate to prepare fermentation medium, and (d) inoculating the strain to the fermentation culture medium obtained to perform anaerobic fermentation to produce butyl alcohol. The method involves preparing the Jerusalem artichoke material into Jerusalem artichoke juice or Jerusalem artichoke pulp, adjusting the PH of the Jerusalem artichoke juice or Jerusalem artichoke pulp to 2-3 using acid, maintaining the Jerusalem artichoke juice or Jerusalem artichoke pulp at 100-105 degrees C for 60-80 minutes, and adding alkali to adjust the pH of the Jerusalem artichoke juice or Jerusalem artichoke pulp to 5.5-6. The butanol producing strain is Clostridium acetobutylicum. The step (c) further involves adjusting the sugar concentration of the hydrolyzate to 45-100 g/l before adding the inorganic salt to the Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzate. The inorganic salt dipotassium phosphate or magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The fermentation culture does not contain exogenous nitrogen source and growth factor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst K is selected from anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous potassium carbonate, anhydrous potassium bicarbonate and anhydrous sodium bicarbonate. The dehydrating agent is selected from anhydrous magnesium sulfate and anhydrous calcium chloride. The catalyst E is anhydrous sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyamide film is chosen from nylon-66 film or nylon-6 film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The recycled macromolecular water absorption material is sterile waste baby diaper, sanitary towel or absorbent paper. The plant degradable wastes in agriculture and forestry comprise crop straw, deadwood and fallen leaves of trees, shell, bark, edible mushroom slag, traditional Chinese medicine slag and/or residue of fermentation industry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The mixed material of vegetative cover blank is filled in netty textile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Lewis acid is aluminum trichloride, boron tribromide or zinc chloride. The basic solvent is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene. The methylation reagent is dimethyl sulfate, methyl iodide or bromomethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Formulation: The microbial formulation further comprises Thermomonospora fusca KCCM 12398. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Fermenter is solubilization tank which hydrolyzes organic waste, and methane fermentation tank methane-ferments organic waste hydrolyzed by solubilization tank. Desulfurizing apparatus is equipped with biological desulfurization equipment to which hydrogen sulfide is oxidized using sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Sulfur oxidation apparatus oxidizes sulfur produced by biological desulfurization equipment and produces sulfuric acid. Recovery apparatus recovers inorganic salt containing phosphorus and/or nitrogen. Preferred Processes: Process liquid is separated into solid and liquid. Metal components eluted to process liquid are recovered by making sulfuric acid act on residue of organic waste produced by fermenter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves using apparatuses provided with pipe, pump, or conveyor for adding treated water by aeration treatment and isolating the sludge from the liquid mixture of sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The base exhibits a gap between 1 degree and 60 degrees. The base of the fermenter container consists of three levels which are adjacent to each other and slope down towards the middle, which forms a V-shaped groove, in which the second screw conveyor is installed. The base and/or the side walls of the fermenter vessel are covered with stainless steel. The paddle agitator exhibits shorter paddle on the outer side and a longer paddle in the middle. The biomass substrate introduced in the fermenter vessel is distributed by means of an auger on the whole width of the fermenter vessel. The addition of percolate or manure takes place over a feed line. The feed line opens at the first screw conveyor or in the fermenter vessel or at the auger. A heating system is mounted at the sides and/or at the base and/or at the top of the fermenter vessel. The cover of the fermenter vessel consists of a gas-tight tarpaulin or the same concrete material or the same iron material as the side walls. A gas-tight hatch and/or a pressure relief valve is mounted at the top. Gas tight control openings are introduced in the sides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sludge is chosen from precipitated sludge generated from primary sedimentation basin of wastewater-treatment installation and surplus sludge generated from final sedimentation tank. The content of sludge flocculation (5) is 0.2-1% of coagulant with respect to sewage sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first and second steps are performed with or without exposure of the material to the ambient atmosphere between the two steps. The material produced by method can be subsequently annealed under a purge of gases or under vacuum at elevated temperature. The temperature of halogenation is 100-1600 degrees C. The surface area as calculated using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method is greater than 5 m2/g and less than 3000 m2/g. The pore volume as calculated using density functional theory is greater than 0.05 cm3/g and less than 2 cm3/g. Preferred Components: The gases used for annealing comprises at least one of argon, nitrogen, ammonia or hydrogen. The halogen comprises at least one of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, halides of chlorine, halides of fluorine, halides of bromine, halides of iodine. The metal carbide comprises at least one of carbides, carbides of aluminum, silicon, chromium, titanium, zirconium, boron, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, tungsten or calcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The reactions take place in a fluidized bed reactor, rotary kiln, controlled atmosphere furnace, box furnace or tube furnace. EXAMPLE - Titanium carbide was first chlorinated at 600 degrees C followed by a second chlorination at 1050 degrees C for 0.5 hour and was not exposed to atmosphere between the first and second chlorination step. Argon was purged while increasing the temperature from 600-1050 degrees C and subjected to heating at a rate of 10 degrees C/minute to give was used porous carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel fuel composition (C1) further comprises oxygenated compound (preferably fatty acids) ( less than or equal to 0.6 wt.% or less than or equal to 0.4 wt.%). The diesel fuel composition (C1) is produced by hydrodeoxygenating and hydroisomerizing the oil in a single step. EXAMPLE - A diesel fuel composition derived from soybean oil comprising (wt.%) linear paraffins (23.6), branched paraffins (61.5), alkyl cyclohexane (7.8), alkyl benzene (5.1), olefins (1.4), acids (0.2), and other compounds (0.4) was prepared. The obtained diesel fuel composition had a properties as follows: the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) (according to IP 309): -15 degrees C; lubricity (according to ISO 12156/1): 369 mu m; and cloud point (according to ASTM D2500: -11 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves changing rate of specific CO uptake by controlling rate of input of CO, measuring rate of CO input, measuring rate of CO output, and measuring cell mass. The method (M1) further involves changing specific CO uptake in predetermined amounts, where the predetermined amounts are 0.001-10 mmol/minute/g of dry cell, preferably 0.01-5 mmol/minute/g of dry cell, more 0.1-1 mmol/minute/g of dry cell. The method (M1) further involves adding aqueous medium into bioreactor, and removing a flow of fermentation broth from the bioreactor. The method (M1) further involves adding a continuous flow of aqueous medium into bioreactor, and removing a continuous flow of fermentation broth from the bioreactor. The method (M2) further involves adding nutrient medium to the bioreactor. Preferred Components: The aqueous medium comprises one or more microorganism chosen from biologically pure microorganism, naturally occurring microorganism, non-naturally occurring microorganism, non-naturally occurring microorganism produced by genetic modification, mutant of naturally occurring microorganism, mutant of non-naturally occurring microorganism, recombinant microorganism, engineered microorganism, and artificially synthesized microorganism. The bioreactor comprises one or more reactor. The bioreactor comprises cell recycle unit. The CO-containing substrate comprises hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The C/N value of garbage percolate is lower than 3 realized by water collecting tank adjustment or reflowing pot adjustment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The disposable chopstick is made of wood or bamboo material without mildew, where the disposable chopstick has a diameter of 3-5 mm, width of 5-7 mm, thickness of 3-5 mm and the length of 160-240 mm. Preferred Method: The method comprises: cleaning the chopsticks in hot water at a temperature of more than 80 degrees C to collect the disposable chopsticks, washing with tap water and filtering the disposable chopsticks; cutting the cleaned disposable chopsticks to a different length of 2-3 section to form a strip having a length of 5-8 mm; and dehydration of cleaned chopsticks and drying the water content of the bar dropped to below 14%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises: sequentially adding the animal residual body, plant straw, castor seed cake, monosodium glutamate and the vinasse and crushing; feeding to a fermentation cell after crushing; feeding the non-pollution pond sludge, the turf, and the organic fertilizer fermenting agent to the fermentation cell; taking a cylinder-shaped cement cell with a stirrer as the fermentation cell; adding the proper amount of water to the material in the cell; uniformly stirring; fermenting in the sealing way; spending 10 days in summer and 25 days in winter; opening the fermentation cell after finishing fermenting; adding the sterilization deodorant; uniformly sterilizing and stirring; sterilizing and deodorizing; and obtaining the organic fertilizer containing the water material slurry; feeding the organic fertilizer containing the water material slurry and filtering the water content by the filter device; adding the mixture of the amino acid chelate trace element; uniformly stirring and obtaining water-free amino acid trace element chelate; feeding the water-free amino acid trace element chelate containing material slurry to a prilling machine; adding the steam and prilling; instantly drying by a drying device after finishing prilling; and obtaining the amino acid organic fertilizer after drying. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anode plate and cathode plate are formed with multiple small holes through which the gas molecule and electrolyte molecule pass. The number of cathode plate in the group of electrolytic pole plates is one more than that of the anode plate. The anode plate is inserted in the gap between any two adjacent cathode plates. The anode plate and cathode plate are titanium plates, and its surface is plated with nano ceramic coat to form nano electrode plates. The gap between anode plate and cathode plate adjacent to each other in the group of electrolytic pole plates is 0.6-1 mm. The electrolyzing device further comprises an electrolyte complementing barrel stored with electrolyte. The electrolyte complementing barrel is provided with at least two output pipelines, and each output pipeline is oppositely connected with each electrolytic chamber of electrolytic bath. The electrolyte complementing barrel further comprises a hydrogen-oxygen input hole and a hydrogen-oxygen output hole. The set height of the hydrogen-oxygen input hole is less than or equal to that of the output pipeline. The hydrogen-oxygen input hole is connected with the hydrogen-oxygen input hole of the electrolytic bath via a pipeline. The hydrogen-oxygen output hole is mounted at the top end of electrolyte complementing barrel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Material for constructing water pressure cylinder shell and fermentation cylinder shell material comprises stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Material for constructing water pressure cylinder shell and fermentation cylinder shell material comprises thermoplastic plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises cutting to 2-3 cm the harvested hybrid Pennisetum; then inoculating by putting the crushed hybrid Pennisetum into fermentation tank, using sludge or other biogas fermentation broth as inoculum, stirring and mixing; and using wet method or dry method to conduct batch or continuous fermentation at 35-55 degrees C to produce methane, where content of dry material in the fermentation liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal stent is formed using porous metal having porosity of 25-60%. The pore size of the metal stent is 50 mu m or less. The metal stent has thickness of 0.2-2 mm. A ceramic coating layer is formed using the ceramic powder having average particle diameter of 0.2-5 mu m, preferably 0.3-3 mu m. The fuel anode layer has thickness of 5-30 mu m. The solid electrolyte layer has thickness of 5-30 mu m. The metal stent is made of ferrite-based stainless steel or iron-chromium group alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The frequency is 30-130 Hz and the voltage is 140-280 V. The compressor pressure is 0.5-1.5 MPa and the exhaust temperature is 25-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Strain: The strain has 28s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) comprising a 799 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The C.vulgaris YSW04 strain has 20 wt.% or more of lipid content with respect to dry weight of the strain cell. The C.vulgaris YSW04 strain has 50 wt.% or more of oleic acid content. Preferred Method: The culturing process is performed at 20-30 degrees C and pH of 7-8. The method involves culturing the strain in effluent. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The circumference of the culture material is scattered with dry rice bran powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The inoculum comprises Pseudomonas (10) including P.stutzeri (25%), and P.putida (25), Bacillus subtilis (40). The inoculum exhibits microorganism dehydrogenase activity of 98 mgTF/l.hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macro-porous absorption resin is chosen from D102 type macro-porous absorption resin or AB-8 type macro-porous absorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The kitchen garbage is industry of food material and food residual. The agricultural waste is straw powder, wood powder, lees, human and animal excreta, grass, kelp, leaves, bean cake, rape seed cake, cottonseed meal or one, two mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic auxiliary material is bentonite, lime, fly ash, alkali waste slag, zeolite and montmorillonite spot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves drying the aged isolated reactant. The step (b) involves adding organic acid and protease to the waste at 35-45 degrees C and agitating the mixture for 4-10 hours to obtain hydrolysate. The step (c) involves mixing (in parts weight): organic calcium (5-20) to the hydrolysate (100). The step (e) further involves adding pyroligneous liquor, molasses and microorganism to the reactant. Preferred Component: The organic acid is chosen from boric acid, lactic acid, uric acid and citric acid. The organic acid is preferably boric acid. The protease is trypsin or papain. The organic calcium is obtained from oyster shell or starfish. The microorganism is chosen from Bacillus albolactis, B.subtilis ssp, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Clostridium spp and Saccharomyces sake. The microorganism is preferably Saccharomyces sake. The slaughter waste is hair. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The normal alkane is normal hexane. The cycloalkane is cyclohexane. The halogenated hydrocarbon is carbon tetrachloride or chloroform. The fatty alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The component-B is chloroform. The component-C is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sludge is made of rhyolite, dacite, pegmatite, granite, phyllite or wooden chip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The corrosion inhibitor comprises (in vol. %) petroleum ether (20- 30), preservative (40-50), dimethylbenzene (20-40) and solvent naphtha (5-20). The stabilizer comprises (in vol. %) toluene (10-30), isopropanol (25-45), normal heptane (10-20), acetone (20-30) and n-butyl alcohol (15-25). The viscosity modifier comprises (in vol. %) isopropanol (25-35), ethyl acetate (20-35), tertiary butanol (30-50) and 1, 2-butanediol (5-30). The pH modifier comprises (in vol. %) n-butyl alcohol (10-20), sec-butyl alcohol (10-20), cyclopentane (20-30), toluene (10-20), isopropyl ether (10-20) and hexanediol (20-30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding culled wood having size of 30 mm or less to molten material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorption solvent comprises secondary and tertiary amines. The secondary amine consists of dipropylamine, N-ethylbutylamine, dibutylamine, diisopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, bis (2-ethylhexyl)amine, bis(alpha methylbenzyl)amine, bis(1.3-dimethylbutyl)amine, diallylamine, bis((s)-1-phenylethyl)amine, bis-sec-butylamine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, benzyl-tert-butylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine and/or 4-tert-butylcyclohexylamine. The tertiary amine consists of triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, tripropylamine, tributylamine, N,N,dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethyloctylamine, dimethyl(1-methyl-heptyl)-amine, dimethylallylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine, bis-(2-cyclohexyloxy-ethyl)-methyl-amine, bis (2- (2,4-diethyloctyloxy)-ethyl)-methyl-amine, (2-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-ethyl)-dimethyl-amine, N-isopropylethylenediamine, N-methylenediamine, N,N,dimethylethylenediamine, N,N-dibutyltrimethylenediamine, tris (2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)amine and/or tris(2-(methylamino) ethyl)amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Portion(s) of permeated water of nano membrane filter and/or reverse osmosis membrane is used as wash water or back pressure wash water of microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane. The nano membrane filter and reverse osmosis membrane are composite films having functional layer containing polyamide. The nano membrane filter has salt removal rate of 10-80% at 0.34 MPa, 25 degrees C and pH of 6.5, measured with 500 mg/L magnesium sulfate mixture. The reverse osmosis membrane has salt removal rate of 90% or more at 0.76 MPa, 25 degrees C and pH of 6.5. The microfiltration membrane and/or ultrafiltration membrane are hollow fiber membranes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pretreatment is chemical pretreatment, physical pretreatment or chemical pretreatment and physical pretreatment. In step (b), liquid fraction is separated from the solid fraction before saccharification process. Preferred Components: The cellulases (0.16 mg/ml during saccharification process) are endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, or beta -glucosidase. The cellulases are derived from Trichoderma, preferably T. reesei. The concentration of the beta -xyiosidase during saccharification process is 0.17 mg/ml. The biomass material comprises less than 10% (e.g. less than 5%) total solids. The fermentation product is alcohol, organic acid, ketone, amino acid or a gas. Preferred Enzyme: The beta -xylosidase is a Trichoderma beta -xylosidase or an Aspergillus beta -xylosidase (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves passing a stream of the organic waste product past the perforated bottom wall of the container so that gases emanating from the stream of organic waste product will pass upwardly through the perforated bottom wall of the container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Biofilter: In the biofilter, the rubber is fine ground particles having an irregular shape. In the biofilter, the rubber is chip-shaped with the chips having a generally flat rectangular configuration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In purifying biodiesel, the percolation is carried out in a continuous form. The percolation system further comprises at least one auxiliary column comprising thermally activated bauxite and/or chemically activated bauxite, where the auxiliary column is a rectifier column or a Stand-by column. The thermally activated bauxite and/or chemically activated bauxite have a particle size range from 4-150 mesh. The thermally activated bauxite and/or chemically activated bauxite has the following chemical composition: aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 20-95%, iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.0-25.0%, titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.0-6.0%, silicon dioxide (SiO2) 0.0-20.0, and Ignition loss 0.0-6.0%. The percolation system further comprises an ignition combustion system. The temperature of the combustion process is 200-1000 degrees C. The biodiesel to be purified is from vegetable oils, vegetable fats and/or animal fats. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred System: The feed creation unit mixes dead portion of imago of Musca domestica, and cast skin of pupa of M.domestica with the fertilizer base to obtain organic fertilizer. The larva of M.domestica is first instar larva, second instar larva, pupa, and third instar larva. The house fly eggs are inoculated at 4th day and completed at 7th day. The system further comprises an unit for killing larva from the fertilizer base after inoculation of the eggs, an unit for processing the feed, and recycling unit for inoculating the eggs of next generation. The extracted larva is made to grow into an imago, where the larva eats 65-90% of the feed and 10-35% of the feed is fermented. The temperature of the larva raising unit is 27-30 degrees C, and humidity is 50-70%. The weight ratio of the excretion with respect to the feed in 60-80 wt.%, and weight ratio of food habit improvement material with respect to the feed is 20-40 wt.%. The food habit improvement material is chaff and soybean curd residue. The weight ratio of the chaff with respect to the food habit improvement material is 10-15 wt.%. The weight ratio of the soybean curd residue with respect to total weight of the food habit improvement material is 85-90 wt.%. The food residue is mixed in the excretion. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The content of samples taken in step (e) are separated into fractions before analyses and identification. The samples taken in step (e) are subject to purification and concentration. The purification and/or concentration are done by separation methods based on the varying physicochemical properties of proteins. The analyses and identification of step (e) is done by 1 or 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis or chromatography followed by comparison of the results for the two fractions. The enzyme that is identified is analyzed and classified by e.g. mass spectrometry and de-novo sequencing. Preferred Components: The container of step (b) is a chemostat or an anaerobic digester. The community of microorganisms originates from animals, plants, insects, soil or aqueous environments. The defined medium is a medium comprising decomposed organic material, fermentation products and other essential substances, such as salts, vitamins, metals and trace elements. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen-producing catalyst contains platinum, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, gold, iron, nickel and selenium. The oxygen-producing catalyst contains manganese, calcium, zinc, cobalt and iridium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gaseous manufacturing byproduct is carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-producing catalyst further contains amine or phosphine. The amine is chosen from fatty amine, alicyclic amine, aromatic amine and heterocyclic-type amine. The phosphine is chosen from trialiphatic phosphine, trialicyclic phosphine, triaromatic phosphine and triaralkyl phosphine. The content of formic acid in the formic-acid aqueous solution is 1-100 volume%. The concentration of metal phosphine complex is 0.01-500 mu mol/mL. The hydrogenation reaction catalyst further contains amine or phosphine. The unsaturated compound is unsaturated compound having carbon-carbon double bond and/or carbon-carbon triple bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes fermentation accelerator chosen from animal amino acid, vegetable amino acid and lactobacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ruthenium powder is pure ruthenium powder, high effectively recovering ruthenium powder, a ruthenium dioxide, or ruthenium hydroxide. The ruthenium potassium water solution is ruthenium potassium in distilled water of 0-80 degrees C, ruthenium, potassium citrate, and an alcohol/aldehyde/acid at 0-100 degrees C. The mole ratio of the alcohol/aldehyde/acid is 1:1-8:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting and stirring the mixture at 40-50 degrees C for 5 hours (initial stage), stirring the mixture at 55-60 degrees C for 1 hour (medium stage) and stirring the mixture at 65-70 degrees C for 1 hour (later stage). The concentration of the above-mentioned bacteria are 4x 108-8x 108/ml. The mixed enzyme mixture comprises amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, pectinase and glucoamylase in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1.0-1.2:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.4:0.8-1.2:0.6-0.8. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The culture material is scattered with dry rice bran powder for collecting Chrysomya megacephala.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is chosen from sulfurous acid, permanganic acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform or ethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mixed enzyme composition comprises amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, pectinase and glucoamylase in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1-1.2:0.8-1:1-1.4:0.8-1.2:0.6-0.8, preferably 1:1.1:0.9:1.3:1:0.7. The concentration of the above-mentioned microorganisms in the microbial liquid is 4x 108-8x 108 cells/ml. Preferred Method: The method involves adding 0.25% of the microbial liquid to 0.4% or 0.5% of the kitchen garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst further comprises a diluent i.e. r-aluminium oxide. The catalyst is prepared by mixing glass, phosphoric acid, pseudoboehmite, template agent, deionized water, phosphorus pentoxide, and silicon dioxide. The template agent is from tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template agent is chosen from dipropylamine, diisopropylamine and diamylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The fruits are disease-and-insect-damaged fruits, poor growth fruit, injured fruit, shady fruit and a deformed fruit, where amines and ammonia compounds are neutralized with acidic fruit juice of lemon, plum, apricot, grapes, apple, peach, banana, mango, yeast fermented product, wood vinegar (generated in process of charcoal and bamboo charcoal) and oranges. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In obtaining solid fertilizing and biocombustible product from sugar-cane vinasse, step (a) is conducted in an evaporator to obtain concentrated vinasse with a solid percentage substantially equal to 60%, and step (b) comprises mixing concentrated vinasse obtained in a phase of sugarcane crushing in the process of obtaining alcohol from sugar cane. The method further comprises, after step (c), a step (d) comprising incinerating solid product, used as biofuel, and yielding ash, which is used to mix in step (b), and energy is utilized for the evaporation of step (a) and the mixture of step (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The macromolecular components other than the organic acid are 7C or more organic substance. The size of the carrier is 1-5 mm, and sedimentation velocity is 200-500 m/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves pyrolyzing the obtained product for second time at 650 degrees C. The method further involves removing low molecular organic acid or furan type compound from the obtained lipid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred : The MYB96 gene comprises base pair sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, after the aqueous solution containing the xylose is subjected to the liquid phase dehydration reaction, only a peak of xylose is shown in 11.5-12.1 minutes at the time of a measurement of high performance liquid chromatography under the analysis conditions, where the analysis conditions are column-Hi-Plex H, temperature-60 degrees C, refractometer detector-sensitivity-512, temperature-40 degrees C, filter factor-1, wavelength absorbance detector-wavelength-280 nm, and sensitivity-2. The liquid phase dehydration reaction is performed in a continuous tubular reactor. Preferred Components: The aqueous solution containing the xylose has: pH of 5-9; and a concentration of xylose of 0.02-0.20 M. In the method, a liquid hour space velocity of the aqueous solution containing the xylose in the continuous tubular reactor is 0.01-100 h-1. EXAMPLE - The aqueous solution containing the xylose (0.2 M) was maintained in a tubular reactor at a pressure of 3 MPa to have a volume flow rate of 0.016 ml/min, to perform the uniform reaction on the products at the temperature, where the reactor was maintained at at least 140 degrees C prior to passing through the reactor. A molar flow rate of xylose was maintained to 192 mu mol.h-1, and the sample was recovered at an interval of 8 hours. The products after the reaction was performed, were subjected to the dehydration reaction of xylose by the recovering process through a trap maintained at 20 degrees C. Then, the reaction mixture was worked up to give furfural.
ACTIVITY - Protozoacide; Antiemetic; Anabolic; Eating-Disorders-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (c) comprises placing the larvae of Musca domestica on the swine feces/urine having a water content of 80-95 wt.%, preferably 92wt.%. The step (a) comprises growing the imagoes of Musca domestica in the environment having a temperature of 24-26 degrees C and humidity of 54-56%, where the imagoes of Musca domestica lays eggs in the environment. In the method: the imagoes of Musca domestica lays eggs after the imagoes of Musca domestica has grown 1-3 days, where the eggs of Musca domestica hatches into the larvae in 1-2 days; and placing the larvae of Musca domestica on the swine feces/urine received in a Petri dish. The step (b) comprises transferring 2-4 g of the eggs of Musca domestica per kilogram of the cultivating material in a petri dish, where the cultivating material: has a water content of 80-95 wt.%, preferably 92 wt.%; and includes milk powders. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Wild Musca domestica was breeded in breeding room at a temperature of 18-35 degrees C, preferably 24-26 degrees C, and humidity of 50-80%, preferably 54-56% to produce imagoes of Musca domestica. The resultant imagoes of Musca domestica were then allowed to lay eggs in 1-3 days. Then the eggs were transferred into petri dishes containing a cultivating material including at least one product of soybean and/or milk. The eggs were bred at a temperature of 20-35 degrees C for several days until hatching into larvae. Then the larvae were placed on the swine feces/urine and bred at a temperature of 20-35 degrees C for 2-3 days. The swine feces/urine eaten by the larvae were decomposed by the special enzymes in the larvae and then excreted out of the larvae. The resultant decomposed Musca domestica was then collected as fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The step of pounding the biological material is performed using at least one rotating paddle. The step of removing a chosen portion of the water from the liquefied biological material and the alkaline solution is achieved by condensing water as water vapor and water droplets emerging from the boiling alkaline solution and liquefied biological material on a cold surface. The alkaline solution achieves liquefaction of the biological material when diluted with water from the biological material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chosen temperature is greater than 275 degrees F and the chosen pressure is greater than 2 atmospheres. The alkaline solution comprises hydroxide consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or ammonium hydroxide. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is greater than 1 molar preferably approximately 3 molar. EXAMPLE - Animal carcasses were hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide (8-15%) and water (12-20%) of initial weight of carcass at 275-400 degrees F for 3-6 hours, prions and other infectious species were destroyed. 3M sodium hydroxide was added and contacted with the carcass for 3 hours. After 3 hours pH of the alkaline solution was less than 12 since portion of hydroxide reacts with carcass and water in biological material further dilutes alkaline solution. The pressure inside chamber was found to rise to 2-4 atmospheres after liquid boiling was commenced. After 24 hours water was removed and the remaining liquids were cooled, discharged and solidified into a solid mass having less than 20% of water in it and a pH of 9.1-9.5.
ACTIVITY - Anabolic; Metabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid acid catalyst is silica alumina or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of water and alcohol is 0.5-20. The alcohol is 1-butanol, 2-butanol, or 2-methyl-1-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The lignin containing material is lignin containing biomass. The lignin is byproduct lignin obtained during manufacture of bioethanol from cellulose biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The size-reduced rice straw having sedimentation rate (in the sedimentation test of a rice straw section) more than 20% is mixed into paddy soil in a flooded state, and is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, and the generated fermentation gas is collected using an airtight container installed at the upper surface of the paddy soil. The recovery method involves (a) leaving the rice straw in the paddy field in a flooded state, (b) mixing artificially size-reduced rice straw with paddy soil, and (c) conveying the suspension water of the size-reduced rice straw with anaerobic fermentation gas, and ejecting in paddy soil in the piping system for the circulation. In the recovery method, the suspension water of rice straw is heated with the solar power generation device and solar-heat recovery apparatus is installed in a paddy field, and is recycled in piping system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sewage is conveyed to a classifier and a balance tank by a lifting pump and is pumped into the high speed anaerobic bioreactor and the membrane filter tank of the closed circulating system. The classifier removes fiber and hair. The balance tank adds a pH regulator and nutrients, which is good for anaerobic biological reaction. The membrane module water outlet interface is connected with an extraction pump and a backwash tank which form a back-flushing system. The membrane module is a polyvinylidene fluoride flat plate membrane module or a hollow fibrous membrane module. The reactor further comprises a control system for collecting the sewage throughout the reactor, and controlling the pumps and compressors throughout the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mixture is separated by membrane filtration into residue (a) comprising at least a portion of fatty acid glycerol ester content, and an intermediate filtrate which is separated in a second membrane filtration into a filtrate comprising a portion of alcohol content, and residue (b). Preferred Composition: The content of fatty acid glycerol ester is 80 wt.% or more with respect to total content of the residue. The content of alcohol is 80 wt.% or more with respect to total content of the filtrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The microorganism is immobilized on carrier. The waste material is organic refuse, preferably foodstuff waste materials chosen from food-processing waste material, domestic garbage and vegetable waste. The living-system waste material is single specific plant or single animal species. Preferred Method: The washing process is performed after the fermentation time period. The washing process is repeatedly performed for many times. Preferred Apparatus: The processing container comprises insertion opening (11) and stirring unit. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a RK-212 naphtha stream reforming catalyst, and lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-selective membrane comprises a palladium-alloy foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The trough lining assembly further comprises a retaining strip attached to the liner such that the retaining strip and liner form an envelope in which the aerator is retained near the bottom of the trough.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves replacing the aerator with a new aerator without removing the biomass or liner from the trough. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the assemble-on-site system for collecting biogas from digesting sewage, the biogas deflection assembly comprises a biogas deflector and a set of hanger assemblies. The biogas deflector comprises a framework and biogas deflection paneling, where the biogas deflector is tent-shaped, tipi-shaped, dome-shaped or arched shaped. The biogas deflection assembly and/or the collection interface assembly are modular in construction. The biogas deflection paneling comprises gas or methane impermeable membrane. The collection interface assembly comprises one or more collection hubs or ports, where the collection hub is a multi-part component. The collection hub comprises a collector port gas guide saddle, locking ring, at least one gasket and a collection port locking nut. The biogas deflection assembly and/or the collection interface assembly comprise a means to vent or release biogas at high pressure. The means to vent or release biogas comprises pressure release gills or slits in the biogas deflection assembly. The collection interface assembly comprises a means to release biogas; and a collection hub with biogas tubing attached to it and the means to release biogas is a port in the collection hub configured to release biogas at or below a specific water column height in the biogas tubing. The biogas deflection assembly comprises an access port or hatch, where the access hatch comprises a door and handle assembly and where the handle is optional buoyant. The collection hub comprises a collector port gas guide saddle and the overpressure port is a port in the throat of the collector port gas guide saddle. The collector port gas guide saddle comprises membrane support wings. The system for producing and collecting biogas is configured for connection to biogas pipe network. Preferred Kit: In the kit, the instructions are pictographic instructions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves extracting pith from the plant source chosen from sugarcane bagasse, coir and water hyacinth. The method further involves adding a decomposition enhancer to the starting mixture for enhancing microbial activity. The method further involves allowing excess nutrients to leach from the casing material. Preferred Components: The decomposition enhancer is chosen from cattle rumen content, gypsum, lime, microorganisms, and their combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen-producing section is provided with hydrogen-producing catalyst that is made of material selected from platinum, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, gold, iron, nickel and selenium. The oxygen generation section is provided with oxygen generation catalyst that is made of material selected from manganese, calcium, zinc, cobalt and iridium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst containing copper is a catalyst containing copper, zinc, aluminum and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (p) is inactive with respect to catalyst. At least one portion of compound (p) is hydrocarbon, preferably methane. The reaction mixture contains 0.1-50 mol% of compound (p). The energy produced after combustion is heat energy, electrical energy or kinetic energy, preferably heat energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fermentation process comprises mash production, fermentation, distillation and/or rectification, separating the obtained carbon-rich product and at least partly supplying the process water again to the mash production. The process water comprises nutrients such as amino acids and/or ammonium nitrogen. The step (a) further comprises heating the obtained biomass at 160-280 degrees C, preferably 180-250 degrees C for 1 minute to 12 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 6 hours. The process further comprises post processing the obtained carbon-rich products to obtain combustible gases. In the process a catalyst in the form of an acid is added, where the acid is citric acid. In the preparation of mash, all cereals, sugar cane, sugar beets, cassava and/or other cellulose containing plant substance are used. Preferred Components: The obtained biomass: has a pH value of greater than or equal to 5; and is distillers dried grains with solubles. EXAMPLE - Mash (100 g) (from a bioethanol process material and maize as starting material) was heated at 200 degrees C for 240 minutes and stirred. After filtering the reaction mixture, a brown solid was obtained, which was converted into powdery consistency after drying in an oven. The filtrate was clear, yellow/brown in color and had a pH of 3.5 and a soluble total nitrogen concentration of 1 wt.%. The wet residue of the after drying at 105 degrees C was 9.7 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Yarrowia lipolytica is Yarrowia lipolytica SG-3 strain (FERM P-21964) or mutant. Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has activity which decomposes fats and oil into organic acid. Lipolysis agent uses lipase derived from Yarrowia lipolytica as active ingredient.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Manufacturing method is performed in an aerobic environment. Environment temperature is 20-35 degrees C, and pH is 5.5-8. Preferred Components: Fats and oil are animal fats and oil and/or vegetable oil. Methane gas manufacturing system contains desulfurizing apparatus which removes sulfur component from biogas. Preferred Processes: Manufacturing method of methane gas involves desulfurization process which removes sulfur component from biogas obtained after methane fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The domestic sewage high-performance purification recycling device is provided with two inlets, where the first inlet is for the residual sewage discharging pipe and the organic rubbish marsh gas fermenting device for solid fermentation, and the second inlet is used for the solid strain backflow pipe and the organic extraction municipal domestic mixing rubbish biological energy gas pre-processing device. The domestic sewage high-performance purification recycling device is further provided with two outlets, where the first outlet is for the solid strain backflow pipe, and is connected with the organic rubbish marsh gas fermenting device, and the second outlet is used for connecting the marsh gas pipe with the desulfurizing tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves feeding the psychrophilic bioreactor with an organic substrate. The method further involves inoculating the first psychrophilic bioreactor with a sludge collected from a second psychrophilic bioreactor, where the sludge has been acclimated to a solid or a liquid organic substrate. Preferred Components: The additional biogas is supplied from at least one adjacent bioreactor connected to the psychrophilic bioreactor. The psychrophilic bioreactor has a temperature of 5-30 degrees C. The biogas is mixed with air. The biogas-air mixture is bubbled into the liquid phase of the psychrophilic bioreactor. The flow rate of injected air is 2-20% of the flow rate of biogas. The first psychrophilic bioreactor comprises a gas phase, and further comprises a liquid phase. The sludge is contained in the liquid or gas phase of the first bioreactor. Preferred Substrate: The organic substrate is a liquid substrate, a semi-liquid substrate or a solid substrate. The organic substrate is a live-stock waste, an agricultural waste, a municipal waste, an agri-food waste, an industrial organic waste, or their mixture. The live-stock waste is an animal waste, where the animal waste is cattle manure, pig manure, poultry manure, or its mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: At least a portion of flue gas or carbon dioxide is fed back from output side to input side of the combustion chamber to increase the amount of carbon dioxide at input side. The combustion chamber is a portion of a gas Otto engine, a gas diesel engine, a gas turbine, or a combined heat and power plant (400). The combustion chamber is a portion of a combustion engine having two or more cylinders, and only a portion of the cylinders are fed with oxygen gas. A cooling liquid comprising methanol and water is injected or sprayed into the gas flow prior the combustion chamber for cooling purposes. The cooling liquid is combined with or injected or sprayed into the portion (254) of flue gas fed back from output side to input side. The CGC comprises less than 75 vol.% of methane and biogenic gas. The mass flows of carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas are controlled so as to be close to a ratio of 1 mol carbon dioxide and 3 mol of hydrogen or to exactly have a ratio of 1 mol carbon dioxide and 3 mol of hydrogen. The output power in the form of heat produced by the combustion chamber is used to energetically support or is supplied for catalytic process and/or water electrolysis. Preferred Arrangement: The catalytic reactor comprises a methanol outlet (222) and a feed gas inlet (221) for feeding the gas mixture into the catalytic reactor, and a ring line serving as feed gas inlet. The plant further consists of unit (205) for removing water and/or microelements from flue gas, a gas Otto engine or a gas diesel engine having two or more combustion chambers, and a software-based control module (300) for controlling by control signals (C1-C6) the flow or gases inside the plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises gasified waste selected from gasified municipal solid waste (MSW), gasified commercial waste, gasified construction and demolition waste, gasified industrial waste, and/or gasified hazardous waste. The waste comprises (wt.%) paper and card (10-35), plastic (5-15), textiles (2-7, preferably 2-12), glass and metals (2-17), kitchen waste (15-30), biomass (15-25) and other waste material (0-20). The commercial waste comprises (wt.%) paper and card (20-70), plastic (5-30), textiles (0-5), glass and metals (2-15), organic waste (5-15) and other biomass (15-25). The syngas stream includes plasma gasified waste. The composition comprises (vol.%) H2 (10-35), CO (15-39), CO2 (15-40) and N2 (8-15); and particulate (5000-29500g/Nm3 or 30500-50000 mg/Nm3); further comprises (ppm) hydrochloric acid (1000-5000), and ammonia (1000-5000). Preferred Components: At least 30 (preferably 50) wt.% of the particulates have an aerodynamic particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 micron. EXAMPLE - A waste comprising refuse derived fuel was fired in a plasma gasifier in oxygen-fired mode in the presence of metallurgical coke and produced a product syngas stream containing particulates (32000 mg/Nm3) where 65 wt.% of particulates were less than 1 micron in size, at 1800 degrees F (982 degrees C) and a pressure of 0 psig. The gas stream contained (vol.%) hydrogen (H2) (28), carbon monoxide (CO) (26), carbon dioxide (CO2) (29), and nitrogen (N2) (16) with a moisture content of 20 vol.%. The concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were 1800 ppm and 1800 ppm respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfate of alkaline-earth metal is magnesium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The glycerol is added to cation exchange resin, and alkali metal is separated-removed. The glycerol is added to an anion exchange resin, and impurity is separated-removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer further comprises at least one phosphate mineral fertilizer selected from phosphorous acids, phosphorus pentoxide, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, Thomas phosphate, and microphos; at least one nitrogen mineral fertilizer selected from amide nitrogen fertilizers and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers; at least one potassium mineral fertilizer selected from potassium chloride (up to 60 wt.%), potassium sulfate (up to 50 wt.%), patentkali (RTM: potassium and magnesium sulfate) (preferably potassium chloride and/or patentkali); at least one sulfur mineral fertilizer selected from ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate (preferably magnesium sulfate); at least one microfertilizer selected from iron sulfate, iron chelate, zinc sulfate, zinc chelate, copper sulfate, copper chelate, borax, boric acid, solubor (RTM: fertilizer), sodium molybdate, and/or ammonium molybdate; stable manure and/or compost; superphosphate and/or phosphorus pentoxide; urea and/or Norwegian saltpeter; and microfertilizer (1500-2500 mg/kg). Preferred Composition: The fertilizer composition comprises (wt.%): stable manure (40-70), powdered aluminum (1.5-2.5), phosphate mineral fertilizer (2-10), nitrogen mineral fertilizer (3-8), potassium mineral fertilizer (2-12), and sulfur mineral fertilizer (1-13). The pH of fertilizer is 10-12, and moisture content is reduced to a maximum of 12 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - A fertilizer in the round pellets comprising (wt.%): natural organic fertilizer (57), powdered aluminum (2), superphosphate (3), urea (5), potassium chloride (12), magnesium sulfate (11), lime (10), and microfertilizer (traces) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt is lithium bromide (preferred) or lithium chloride. The acid is mineral acid including hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is conducted at a temperature 85-160 degrees C. The wt.% of acid added to the reaction mixture based on total weight of solvent is 0.25-2 wt.%. The feedstock loading comprises 1-50 wt/vol.% of solvent, is biomass, is agricultural crop residue, energy crops or forest biomass, and contains lignin. At least a portion of the lignin is solubilized in the ketone. The lignin portion solubilized in the ketone is separated from ketone adducts or unreacted biomass. The ketone adducts are: substantially hydrogenated such that the resulting product contains less than 5 wt.% of oxygen; and partially hydrogenated and dehydrated such that the resulting product contains 30-20 wt.% of oxygen. The ketone adducts are hydrogenated and dehydrated in the presence of platinum or palladium supported on silicon dioxide-aluminum trioxide. Preferred Components: The ketone is acetone. The ratio of ketone to water is 20:1-5:1. The weight ratio of salt to biomass is 1:1-4:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition further comprises a conventional fuel component, where the conventional fuel component is a petroleum-based fuel. The fuel composition comprises a bisabolane compound of formula 1-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane (I) or its stereoisomers; and fuel additive, where the bisabolane compound is produced by chemically converting a monocyclic sesquiterpene starting material from a biological source to the bisabolane compound (I). Preferred Components: The monocyclic sesquiterpene is a member selected from alpha -zingiberene, beta -sesquiphellandrene, alpha -bisabolene, beta -bisabolene, gamma -bisabolene, curcumene, and/or gossonorol (preferably alpha -zingiberene, alpha -bisabolene, beta -bisabolene, gamma -bisabolene, and/or curcumene, especially alpha -bisabolene or alpha -zingiberene). The monocyclic sesquiterpene is a mixture of alpha -bisabolene and alpha -zingiberene. The monocyclic sesquiterpene is from a biological source. The hydrogenation product comprises 1-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-4-methyl-cyclohexane or its stereoisomer. The petroleum-based fuel is a member selected from kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, and/or Jet B. The conventional fuel component is a petrodiesel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel. The fuel additive is selected from antioxidant, an oxygenate, a thermal stability improver, stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an anti-foam additive, an anti-haze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, drag reducing additive, metal deactivator, dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater, a biocide, and/or cetane improver (preferably antioxidant, a cetane improver, a stabilizer, and/or lubricity improver). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride recovered from the produced liquid are recycled to the reaction. By supplying the catalyst layer obtained by liquid-liquid separation of the produced liquid to a distillation column with reflux of benzene, toluene, hexane and/or heptanes, boron trifluoride and hydrogen fluoride are recycled. The reaction temperature is 60-90 degrees C or 80-105 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alkaline sodium borohydride solution is prepared by adding sodium borohydride to a strong base solution. The transition metal nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on a surface of the carbon nanotube. Preferred Components: The strong base solution comprises a base comprising sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide. The catalyst contains 0.01-20 atomic% of nitrogen. The transition metal is iron, cobalt, nickel or their metallic compounds. EXAMPLE - Sodium hydroxide (10 wt.%) was added to distilled water (50 ml) to provide a strong base solution, which was followed by adding sodium borohydride (15 wt.%) to the strong base solution at room temperature to prepare an alkaline sodium borohydride solution. Co-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst was introduced into the prepared alkaline sodium borohydride solution to generate hydrogen. An amount of hydrogen generation was determined using a gas flow meter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal valerate, where the decarboxylation of the alkali metal valerate produces radicals that react to form octane. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal levulinate, where the decarboxylation of the alkali metal levulinate produces radicals that react to form 2,7-octadione. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, where the decarboxylation of the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate produces radicals that react to form 1,8-hydroxy octane. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate, where the decarboxylation of the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate produces radicals that react to form 1,8-dialkoxy octane. The decarboxylation occurs in an electrolytic cell, where the electrolytic cell comprises an anolyte compartment that houses the anolyte, a catholyte compartment that houses a catholyte, and an alkali ion conducting membrane that separates the anolyte compartment from the catholyte compartment. The alkali ion conducting membrane is a (Na) Super Ion Conductor (NaSICON) membrane. The method further involves: obtaining a quantity of biomass; converting the biomass into a carbohydrate; and converting the carbohydrate into the hexose sugar. Preferred Components: The alkali metal levulinate is sodium levulinate, the alkali metal valerate is sodium valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate is sodium 5-hydroxy pentanoate, and the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate is sodium 5-alkoxy pentanoate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: means for regenerating the adsorbent material by removing adsorbed impurities from the adsorbent material; means for directly esterifying the free fatty acids in solvent filtrate using an acid as a catalyst; means for reclaiming fatty acid alkyl esters produced by the esterification; at least one ion-exchange resin column used as a lead column to pre-treat the fatty acid alkyl esters before entering the at least one adsorbent column; means for regenerating the ion-exchange resin; and means for recycling the solvent to be used in a transesterification reaction. Preferred Process: The regeneration of the adsorbent material is performed with the solvent. In the process the step of regenerating the ion-exchange resin is performed with the solvent. EXAMPLE - Crude biodiesel was passed through a single column (comprised of adsorbent material MAGNESOL D-SOL D60 (RTM: Synthetic magnesium silicate) (2 g) or acid activated clay (2 g)). The crude biodiesel was passed through the column until soap content of the biodiesel exiting the column was greater than 50 ppm. The value of 50 ppm soap was chosen as the cutoff point as it corresponds to the 5 ppm specification of metals (sodium and potassium). The biodiesel exiting the column contained more than 50 ppm soap, the column treatment was stopped and either MAGNESOL D-SOL D60 (RTM: Synthetic magnesium silicate) or acid activated clay in the column was regenerated. A solution containing 0.10% of sulfuric acid (93%) in methanol was passed through the column until the methanol/sulfuric acid mixture exiting the column contained a soap value of zero.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The step of contacting the mixed olefin stream occurs in a multi-staged reactor system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed olefin stream is a discharge stream from fluid catalytic cracking unit, thermal cracking unit, reffinates stream from an methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether process, reffinates stream from a tertiary butyl alcohol process and/or liquified petroleum gas stream. The water soluble acid comprises organic acid and/or inorganic acid, where the organic acid is acetic acid, tosylate acid, perflurated acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and/or benzoic acid. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and/or heteropoly acids. The solid acid catalyst is ionic exchange resin, zeolite and/or supported acid. The mixed olefin stream comprises propylene, n-butylene, 2-butene, isobutylene, pentenes, hexenes and/or olefins having more than 6 carbons with at least two butenes. The mixed alcohol stream comprises 2-butanol and t-butanol. EXAMPLE - De-ionized water (200 g), solid phase catalyst (6 g) selectively from zeolite in acid form, acidic ionic exchange resins, water soluble acid selectively from phosphoric acid and organic acids (6 g) and optionally phase transfer agent (n-propylammonium bromide) (4 g) and/or hydration enhancers like copper salts were all placed in a parr autoclave. The autoclave was sealed and purged with nitrogen at 50 psi for 10 times. Later, pure 2-trans-butene (10 ml) from or mixed butanes (20 ml) were charged to the autoclave under 50 psi of nitrogen gas. The autoclave was then heated and maintained at a temperature of 150 degrees C for a period of 2-3 hours, the heating was discontinued and the autoclave was allowed to cool down to room temperature for 2 hours before the excess pressure was vented to yield alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl phenol is a non-hindered alkyl phenol, a sterically hindered alkyl phenol, an oxyalkylated alkyl phenol, a linear alkyl phenol and/or a branched chain alkyl phenol. The alkyl group of the alkyl phenol has 1-30C. The alkyl phenol and the non-hindered phenol are nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and/or dinonylphenol. The dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride of the dicarboxylic acid is citraconic anhydride, citraconic acid, itaconic anhydride, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, azelaic anhydride, azelaic acid, suberic anhydride, suberic acid, sebacic anhydride, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic anhydride, adipic acid, malonic anhydride and/or malonic acid. The alkyl phenol is oxyalkylated. The oxyalkylated alkyl phenol is esterified by the dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride of the dicarboxylic acid. The reaction product is oxyalkylated. The oxyalkylated reaction product has a final acid number of 0-50. The additive is present at 1-10000 (preferably 10-100) ppm based on the middle distillate fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of bromoethanesulfonate is 30-50 mmole/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The biochemical treatment technique is A/A/O or cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) process. The nominal retention time of A/A/O is 10 hours, mud age is 8 days, sludge reflux ratio is 100%, and reflux ratio is 300%. The nominal retention time of the CAST process is 12 hours, the sludge reflux ratio is 50%, and mud age is 9 days. Volume ratio of the microorganism proliferation and the biochemical reaction system is 1: 1000. In the first step, pH of wastewater is 6.8-8.3, chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 500-2000mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD is 0.33, ammonium-nitrogen is 65-90 mg/L, total nitrogen is 70-100 mg/L, and total phosphorus is 2-3 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The multifunctional composition comprises (mg) gibberellin (2.5-70), manganese sulfate (15), ferrous sulfate (15), boric acid (10), magnesium sulfate (250), calcium carbonate (15), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (3), hydrated copper sulfate (4), sodium molybdate (1), phosphorus pentoxide (1500), ammonium sulfate (250), potassium sulfate (125), and starch (10000). The content of gibberellin is 2.5-40 or 50-70 mg/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multifunctional composition is prepared by uniformly mixing nutrient substances; dissolving in water; adding with soluble starch; and dissolving gibberellin and microelement in water. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.    ADMINISTRATION - The aqueous solution obtained by mixing mixed solution of nutrient substances with mixed solution containing gibberellin and microelement is directly used for soaking corn and radish seeds for 12-24 hours, where seeds are then sowed at normal temperature; and sprayed on corn and radish leaves. It is sprayed on two-leaf corn seedlings at 80 L/unit of area once every 2 days; and on radish of 0.5-1.0 cm long (claimed).
ADMINISTRATION - The nutrient brick is embedded in soil around the plant root (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogenated catalyst is bromination catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound or initial period oxidation transition-metal composite body with respect to polymer which has carbon-hydrogen bonding is 1-30 mol%. The molar ratio of the compound or halogen with respect to polymer which has carbon-hydrogen bonding is 0.025-1. The compound which has carbon-hydrogen bonding is hydrocarbon compound chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon. The compound or polymer which has carbon-hydrogen bonding is hetercyclic compound containing group chosen from oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and sulfur atom or polymer chosen polyolefin, aromatic vinyl polymer, polyester, polyamide and polycarbonate. Preferred Process: The manufacture of halogen compound is performed at 0-150 degrees C under irradiation of light and nonexistence of solvent but in presence of inert solvent. The separate-and-recovered oxidation transition-metal composite body is performed after completing the reaction. Preferred Definitions:    A=Li; and    x=0.7-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The induced air pressure of the draught fan is 1000 pa while the induced air volume is 3000 m3/hour. The rotating speed of the drive motor is 155 revolutions per minute (rpm). The blast pressure of the air blower is 33 kpa while the blast volume is 320 m3/hour. The air outlet pressure of the powder conveying fan is 24 kpa while the air volume is 150 m3/hour. The distance between a side wall and a top wall of the screen drum and the corresponding vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe is 25 mm, respectively. ACTIVITY - Anabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is chosen from Clostridium butylicum , Clostridium acetobutylicum or Clostridium beijerinckii . The lignocellulosic biomass is chosen from palm by-product, eucalyptus by-product, rice straw, oak, pine, big-cone pine, purple eulalia or Phragmites communis .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The bio-butanol is manufactured by immersing the lignocellulosic biomass in ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The bio-butanol is manufactured by using a diastatic enzyme that is formed as cellulase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Candida pelliculosa is also utilized for obtaining yeast biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The central locator comprises inner ring (201), an outer ring (202) and supporting rib (203). The inner ring and outer ring are connected through supporting ribs. The mounting interval of the central locating device is 1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The bacterial strain are Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. mucilaginosus and Streptomyces microflavus. The organic material is manure ripened using Lactobacillus lactis and powdered Pichia farinose, night soil, food garbage, straw, traditional Chinese medicinal residue, turf or furfural residue. The auxiliary material is ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, magnesium sulfate or bentonite. The microelement is zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate and calcium ammonium nitrate. The adhesive is molasses ( greater than or equal to 70%). The microsubstances are root induction powder and water-retaining agent which are added to the adhesive to enrich the product effect. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied at 450-600 kg/acre (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The preparation of the amaranth crude extract comprises: cleaning and air drying amaranth leaves, crushing and grinding to obtain amaranth juice, evaporating at 40-45 degrees C and 110-120 rotations/minute in a rotary evaporator to form a paste, which is amaranth crude extract. Preferred Components: The mass of the amaranth crude extract per ml of the botanical sterilizing agent is 0.5 mg. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cotton straw contains urea as a nitrogen source. The processed cotton straw is fermented for 2-3 days under anaerobic condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The EM solid fermentation product is obtained by performing solid fermentation on rice bran as matrix material. The chicken manure is chicken farm and fresh chicken manure. The fresh chicken manure is dried to water content of 50-60%. The EM stock solution contains lactic acid bacteria, microzyme, photosynthetically active EM with viable count of not less than 100 million/ml, where the solution has pH of not less than 3.8 and is yellow, semi-transparent liquid with odor of concentrated alcohol acid or acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom of the decarburization tower is welded with a decarburization tower gas inlet. One side of the lower portion is welded with a decarburization tower liquid outlet. Filler inlet/outlets are welded at different heights. One side of the top is provided with a decarburization tower safety valve, the other side is welded with the high flashing gas outlet and the top center is welded with a short tube II. The inner part is provided with a gas distribution plate and a sprayer. The three layers, four layers or five layers of gas distribution plates are arranged in the decarburization tower. The small holes having diameter of 1.5 mm are uniformly distributed on the surface of the gas distribution plates. The multi-diameter ceramic particles with height of 30 cm and diameter of 10-15 mm are filled on the gas distribution plates. The high flashing groove comprises a high flashing groove liquid inlet, an overflow plate, a high flashing groove gas outlet, a high flashing groove liquid outlet, a high flashing groove safety valve, a pressure gauge and a pressure stabilization valve. The lower flashing groove comprises a pressure-reduction valve, a pressure gauge, a carbon dioxide pressure-stabilization valve, a lower flashing groove safety valve and a ball valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The refining after step (v) comprises adding the beige solid, methyl alcohol and methanesulfonic acid to the bottle until the solid is completely dissolved, condensing and drying the mixture, adding ethanol, stirring and crystallizing the mixture, filtering and drying the mixture to obtain the white solid. Preferred Components: In the step (i) when the dioxane is 3000 ml, the 4-methyl-3-nitroaniline is 1 Kg and adding 4-methyl-3-nitroaniline (6.65 mol) to the reaction bottle until the solid is completely dissolved, and anhydrous potassium carbonate (3500 g); when 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2000 g) is added, 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (10.5 mol) is dissolved in dioxane (1500 ml), then 3735 g and 37.35 mol of N-methyl piperazine is added, when maintaining the temperature until the reaction is completely performed, the ratio of TLCEA to the methyl alcohol is 10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Aging time is 10-120 minutes. Drying is conducted at 60-120 degrees C. Roasting is done at 350-550 degrees C. Program temperature increasing rate per minute is 0.5-10 degrees C. The heat preservation time is 1-4 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cellulose comprises microcrystalline cellulose, alpha -cellulose, or absorbent cotton. The biomass is raw materials containing lignocellulose, comprising crop straw and wood. Preferred Method: The oxygen condition is that the reaction system is maintained in inert oxygen-free protective gas environment. The pyrolysis reaction is not greater than 40 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is one or more agricultural product processing residues, such as cow excrements, pig excrements, sheep excrements, chicken excrements, duck excrements, human excrements and monosodium residues. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In step (ii), the molar ratio of 2-aminosulfonamide-N,N-dimethyl nicotinamide to the ethyl chloroformate is 1:1.3-1.7. In step (ii), the pH of the liquid caustic soda is 7.7-8.5. Preferred Method: In step (ii), the ethyl chloroformate and liquid caustic soda are added below the liquid level mixture, and the dripping temperature is 10-15 degrees C. In step (v), the acetone is distilled and recycled under normal pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The eco-friendly reproducible fuel oil is obtained by pyrolysis of forestry waste including crop straw, leaves, branches and sawdust. Preferred Composition: The content of biological oil in fuel oil is 60-70wt.%. The fuel oil is added with (in wt.%) crude methanol (10-15) for reducing viscosity of the oil, coal tar (18.051-21.949) for enhancing calorific value of the oil, ferrocene (0.001-0.002) to ensure complete burning of oil and preventing deposition of carbon and generation of pollutant gas, sodium hydroxide (1-2) for increasing pH value of the oil, camphor powder (0.05-0.1) for removing peculiar smell of the oil during burning and acetone (0.949-0.898) for complete mixing of crude methanol and coal tar to prevent layering phenomenon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The straw used is of one crop or of multiple crops.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precipitating agent in step (2) preferably consists of water containing 10 vol.% of glycerol or PEG-400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The compound fertilizer comprises (in parts weight): (a) residue (8) and mixed fertilizer (3000), (b) residue (9) and mixed fertilizer (3500), or (c) residue (10) and mixed fertilizer (4000). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of chlorinating and paraformaldehyde is 1:(0.5-5):(0.5-6), preferably 1:(1-2.5):(1-3). The acid is organic acid. The acid binding agent is alkali metal salt of inorganic or organic acid. The solvent is organic acid (preferably), acetonitrile, and/or tetrahydrofuran. The mol ratio of solvent, and acid-binding agent is 1:(1-3):(1-10):(0.5-5), preferably 1:(1.5-2):(3-5):(1-2). Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 0-100, preferably 20-60 degrees C. The hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of acid, e.g. sulfuric acid (preferably), hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or alkali, e.g. sodium hydroxide (preferably) or potassium hydroxide with mol ratio of 1:(0.1-5), preferably 1:(1-1.5) at 40-200, preferably 70-150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The microbial anaerobic digestion system, the micro-electrolysis anaerobic digestion system and the aeration aerobic absorption system are respectively provided with an inspection hole. The micro-electrolysis anaerobic digestion system is provided with an electrolyzer, which comprises titanium/ruthenium dioxide- iridium dioxide electrode as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The aeration aerobic absorptive system (4) is provided with an aeration pipe and an aeration air pump. The aeration air pump is connected with an aeration main pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The active sludge suspension in volatile solid content is 1.2-1.8%. The ratio of kitchen waste in the volatile solid and active mud solution of volatile solid is 3.7-4:1, preferably 3.87:1. The impurities are chopstick, bones, fishbone, plastic bag, or waste paper. The active sludge of volatile suspension solid content is 1.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Microorganism: The fermenting microorganism is chosen from nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and their combinations. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The periphery of the culture material is scattered dry rice bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The agricultural waste is waste mushroom bar or peanut shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or tertiary butanol. The organic solvent is dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble alkali of the waste water is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or waste water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at room temperature, and cooling the reaction mixture at 20 degrees C. The method comprises: adding concentrated sulfuric acid into crystal mother liquor, and then adding aluminum sulfate solid, heating and filtering, cooling at 20 degrees C, filtering, and recrystallizing and drying to obtain potassium; and adding the aluminum sulfate water solution and heating at 20 degrees C, filtering and drying the solution, and obtaining alum. The method comprises adding concentrated sulfuric acid into crystal mother solution, cooling and filtering, adding the filtrate 1/5-6/5 absolute methanol or absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing the two filter material, re-crystallizing, filtering, drying, and obtaining white powder shape. Preferred Components: The salt comprises an organic salt and inorganic salt. The pH value of the mixed solution is 3-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is chosen from zinc ion (Zn2+), copper ion (Cu2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), barium ion (Ba2+), ferrous ion (Fe2+), manganese ion (Mn2+), nickel ion (Ni2+), chromium ion (Cr3+), aluminum ion (Al3+), ferric ion (Fe3+) and palladium (IV) ion (Pd4+). The metal compound is chosen from any metal salt, metal hydroxide and metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chiral resolving agent is chiral tartaric acid derivative. The derivative chosen from 0,0'diaryl formoxyl, dibenzoyl tartaric acid, di-p-methyl benzol tartaric acid or di-p-methoxybenzol tartaric acid. The water utilized in the method for preparing optical homochiral 2-chloromandelic acid is chosen from esters, alcohols, ketones, alkanes, ethers and organic solvent containing chlorine and aromatic organic solvents. The solvent is chosen from water, formic ether, acetic acid ester, propionic ester, butyrate, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, butanone, normal hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl ether, chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is selected from one of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extracting organic solvent is selected from one or mixture of ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, butyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, ether, diethyl ether, ethyl methyl and methyl isobutyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zinc halide is chosen from zinc chloride or zinc bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty alcohol is chosen from ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol or isobutyl alcohol. The halogen is chosen from hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The anaerobic fermentation substrate comprises agricultural straw, domestic waste, kitchen, algae and animal manure. The algae are Chlorella or blue green algae. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves using microorganism, preferably Lactobacillus and methane-producing Bacillus. The bale (B)-shaped organic materials is molded and the net is reeled outside the bale (B)-shaped organic materials to maintain the form. The step (d) involves installing tube (42) for collecting each exhaust gas through pipe (45).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface of the fiber is deposited with an interface layer that comprises pyrolytic carbon interface, silicon carbide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium carbide, zinc interface, hybrid fiber coaxial interface, hafnium di-boride, tantalum carbide and titanium carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The body utilizes a catalyst precursor that comprises iron, cobalt, nickel and multi-combination of metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube is made of methane, ethylene, acetylene or combination of the compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The multi-level reinforcing body is made of an adopted fiber that is chosen from carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, boron nitride fibers, ceramic fibers or combinations of the fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alcohol is ethanol, cyclohexanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a crushing device for crushing Stizolobium .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biological cold fermentation straw recovery agent comprises gas phase silicon dioxide of 5 weight parts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw fast corrosion agent contains pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase and alkaline protease according to activity unit ratio of 5: 3: 3 : 5: 1. The scattered anthraquinone is benzoic alcohol. The straw is bamboo, wood, bagasse and cotton stalk.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Microorganisms: The anaerobic and facultative microbial inoculum comprises yeast, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and Streptococcus faecalis. The aerobic microbial inoculum comprises one or more of Actinomycetes (5406), Bacillus subtilis, B.licheniformis, Trichoderma viride and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Preferred Device: The fermentation device has bracket, pulley, electric hoist and soft cable. The fermentation device has support frame and provided with pulleys on upper back portion of the fermenting device. The electric hoist and heating control unit is installed in the fermenting tank. The one portion of the soft cable is connected to the electric hoist, and the other portion passes through the pulley. The bracket is connected with the lid connected with the electric hoist and heating control unit. The sterilizing device comprises an ozone aeration pipe, through connecting pipe being connected with the fermenting tank outside the machine. The circulation device has circulating pump and soft pipe connected with air outlet, where the soft pipe extends into the fermentation tank lid and heating control unit. The light transmission device is attached to bottom frame of light-transmitting film. The back portion of the fermentation tank is higher than the front portion of the tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The magnetic bead is specifically combined with the nucleic acid, but not combined with proteins, polysaccharides and polyphenols impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The mushroom inoculant is prepared using first level liquid seed culture medium and second level liquid seed culture medium. The first level liquid seed culture medium comprises (in %): fresh soy residue (20), corn powder (1), glucose (1), bran (1), straw powder (1), and magnesium sulfate (0.02), and the second level liquid seed culture medium contains soy residue (35), corn powder (1), glucose (1), bran (1), straw powder (1) and magnesium sulfate (0.02), where pH of the medium is 5.5-5.8. The mushroom inoculants is prepared by domesticating the strain for 1-2 days in soy residue first-level liquid seed culture medium at 25-28 degrees C, controlling rotating speed of shaking bed to 158 revolutions per minute (rpm), culturing the strain for 5-6 days to obtain mature first level liquid strain, culturing second level liquid strain (10%) at 25-28 degrees C and at a rotating speed of 158 rpm, culturing the strain for 4 days until fiber material in the culture base disappears to obtain mature liquid strain. The cultivation material comprises (in %): soy residue (80), straw powder (13), corn powder (3), bran (3), and rice bran (1). The method involves growing mycelium at 25-48 degrees C, and forming fruiting body at 15-20 degrees C. The humidity of the mushroom is 70%. The method involves collecting crude protein of 30 wt.%, crude fiber content, hull, straw, sawdust as essential materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The depickling solvent utilized in the method is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent utilized in the method is chosen from alcohol, ether, formamide, carbinol, alcohol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, di-isopropyl ether or dimethyl formamide. The depickling solvent utilized in the method is chosen from pyridine, quinoline or triethylamine. The carbonyl derivatives utilized in the method are chosen from phosgene, biphosgene, triphosgene, methylclhloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, propylchloroformate, butyl chlorocarbonate, benzyl chloroformate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, di-isobutyl carbonate, carbonochloridic acid, carbonochloridic acid phenyl ester, chloroformic acid chlorophenyl, m-tolyl chloroformate, 2-bromobenzate, carbonochloridic acid bromophenyl ester, phenyl chloroformate, dimethyl nitrophthalate, 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, diphenyl carbonate, chlorobenzene ester carbonic acid, m-tolyl chloroformate, carbonated double chlorobenzene ester, methyl 2-bromobenzate, double bromophenyl ester carbonic acid, double bromophenyl ester carbonic acid, adjacent chlorine nitrobenzene ester carbonic acid, dual m-nitrotoluene carbonic acid, dual nitrobenzene ester carbonic acid or carbonyl imidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) is carried out for 71 hours, preferably for 65 hours at 51 degrees C, preferably 54 degrees C and pH of 9.7, preferably 8.7. The fermentation is carried out using basin type composting device, chamber type composting device or tunnel type composting device. The step (a) involves adding agricultural organic wastes to the sludge. The step (b) and (c) involve adding conditioning agent (1) and (2) to the compost of 8-15%. The method involves turning the compost after the completion of the first fermentation and before starting the second fermentation process. A composting bioagent is added in the step (b) and (c). Preferred Agent: The conditioning agent (1) comprises (in %): soybean powder (27-31), starch (68-72), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.8-1.2) and water (76-80). The pH of the agent (1) is 7.1-7.3. The conditioning agent (2) comprises soybean powder (19-23), starch (76-80), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.8-1.2) and water (50-54). The pH of the agent (2) is 7.3-7.6. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The ratio of peat to agriculture and forestry waste compost is 10-40:60-90. The ratio of agriculture and forestry waste compost to pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry waste is 1:0.4-3.5. The peat, agriculture and forestry waste compost, pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry wastes and bactericide are added in the amount of 0.1-2 kg/m3. Preferred Method: The agriculture and forestry waste compost is obtained by adding fermentation additive (bamboo and/or wood) to microbial inoculum, where fermentation additive (8-50 ml) is added with respect to 100 kg of agricultural and forestry waste. The agricultural forestry waste and the microbial inoculum are in the ratio of 100:0.1-1. The culture substrate is obtained by (a) crushing agriculture and forestry waste compost, adjusting the carbon/nitrogen ratio to 20-35, (b) adding microbial inoculum and water to the crushed product till the moisture content reaches 60-70%, and (c) piling the product and spraying fermentation additive (1-2.5 ml/100 kg waste substance) every 3-7 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, methylbenzene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, petroleum ether, dichloroethane, ethyl ether, butanone, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, pentyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, propionate, cyclopentanone, cyclohexaone, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl propyl ketone, and n-hexane. The desiccant is one or more of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbondiimide (DCC), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and hydrochloride (EDC), or their N,N'-diisopropyl carbondiimide (DIC), 1-ethyl(3-dimethyliminopropyl)carbondiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), DCC-1-hydroxyl benzotriazole (HOBt), and the catalyst is 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Preferred Method: The method involves mixing ibuprofen, 2-hydroxymethylpyridine, desiccant and catalyst in a ratio of 0.8-1.2:1:1-1.2:0.01-0.05. The concentration of organic solvent is 5-30 ml/g of raw materials. The method involves recovering desiccant for further use. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Analgesic; Antiinflammatory.    ADMINISTRATION - The composition is administered externally.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oleic acid used is a plant oleic acid. The ethanolamine is monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of cow dung and passion flower-fruit peel is 3:7. The pH value of the pulverized passion flower-fruit peel is adjusted to 6.5. The granularity of pulverized passion flower-fruit peel is 1-3 cm. The carbon and nitrogen ratio of the product is adjusted to 20-35:1, preferably 75-150:1, and most preferably 100:1. The moisture content of the fertilizer is controlled to 65-75%, preferably 70%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The vessel mixture is liquefied until reaching viscosity of 12000 cP, or less. The method further involves pasteurizing the sludge by adding antioxidant or preservative. Preferred Composition: The bio-cellular strands are stalks or stems of plant material, preferably woody and fibrous substances derived from plants, cellulose filaments, stalks and blades of grasses, hays, straws, hairs and feathers. The content of thickener is 50% or more with respect to dry-mass content of the sludge. The thickener is in the form of strands having length of 25 mm or more and cross-sectional area of 5 mm2 or less, where 50% or more of the dry-mass of the thickener substance is lipid. The vessel component of sludge is paunch sludge derived from abattoir. The major component of the thickener substance is animal fat. The major component of the thickener substance is dissolved air-flotation float derived from an abattoir.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding 20 g of cantharidin to 500 ml bottle, adding 220 ml of sodium hydroxide to bottle, heating and refluxing the product for 1 hour, adding 1 g of activated carbon to product, decoloring and refluxing the product for 30 minutes, thermally filtering, and washing the product twice, decompressing and concentrating the product to 20-30 ml, adding 80 ml of ethanol to the product, cooling the product to room temperature, stirring the product for 30 minutes, filtering, and washing the product with ethanol for 2-3 times, and performing vacuum drying to product at 60 degrees C to obtain 23.4 g of white powder 23.4 g of sodium cantharidinate.Preferred Components: The weight ratio of cantharidin extract and sodium hydroxide is 1:2-2.2. The weight ratio of cantharidin and ethanol is 1:3-5. The cantharidin is obtained by extracting Cantharis and crystallizing the product by conventional method. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slurry solution contains calcium aluminate, magnesium aluminate, nickel aluminate, iron aluminate, yttrium oxide, ytterbium oxide and/or alumina. The cathode functional layer comprises nickel oxide-doped yttrium-stabilized zirconia, nickel oxide-doped scandium-stabilized zirconia or nickel oxide-doped gadolinium-doped ceria. Preferred Property: The cathode functional layer has coating thickness of 3-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte tapes (a) and (b) contain yttria stabilized zirconia, magnesia stabilized zirconia, magnesia yttria stabilized zirconia, and lanthanum gallate. The fuel anode contains graphite and nickel oxide in the volume ratio of 6:4, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (24 volume%). The air electrode contains lanthanum strontium manganate and/or samarium strontium cobaltate. The module connection electrode and connecting electrode contain silver-palladium group or silver-platinum group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Article: In the article, the biomass is torrefied by contact with the liquid heat transfer fluid; or the biomass is torrefied with apparatus which comprises a serpentine elongated housing having at least a first generally U-shaped axial portion having first and second axial extremities and an intermediate section, where the first and second axial extremities are disposed in normal use at a higher elevation than the first and second axial extremities, and the intermediate section is configured for holding a liquid where axial movement of wood of associated wood from the first axial extremity to the second axial extremity immerses the wood in a liquid in the intermediate section. Preferred Components: The oil is a liquid heat transfer fluid having vapor pressure that is less than 3 psi at 450 degrees F. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: In the microorganism, the short chain fatty acid is one or more kinds selected from propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid. The microorganism is the microorganism which is specified by the accession number NITE BP-998. Preferred Deodorizer: In the deodorizer, the microorganism is carried by a microorganism carrier. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Support: The metal support has austenite structure, and is made of iron, cobalt or nickel-based alloy. Preferred Electrolyte: The ceria group electrolyte is cerium-gadolinium oxide or cerium-samarium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solid acid support is cone shaped structure with its inner side equipped with the filtrate tank. The solid acid support is made of silica gel. The circumferential wall of the filtrate tank is provided with small gap.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The membrane filtration involves microfiltration, ultrafiltration and/or nanofiltration. The membrane dehydration is applied to achieve the membrane separation of liquids present in the stream. The reverse osmosis is applied to achieve the membrane separation of liquids present in the stream. The membrane pervaporation is applied to achieve the membrane separation of liquids present in the stream. The membrane dehydration is carried out with a non-condensable gas. The electrodialysis is performed at 25-80 degrees C. The process utilizes a vacuum, an air sweep comprising air, dried air, or other gas. The method further involves performing at least one thermal separation process selected from mechanical vapor recompression, thermal vapor recompression, thin film evaporation, multi-effect distillation, or multi-stage flash. Preferred Components: The non-condensable gas comprises helium, nitrogen, or argon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Pyrolysis oil or a portion of pyrolysis oil containing 0-25 wt.% of n-hexane extractives is contacted with catalytic cracking catalyst. A bottom phase of pyrolysis oil or a portion of it is contacted with catalytic cracking catalyst. The combination of pyrolysis oil and hydrocarbon co-feed has an overall molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) of 1:1 or more. The pyrolysis oil is derived from a lignocellulosic material chosen from wood and/or wood-related material. The hydrocarbon co-feed is derived from a crude oil. The hydrocarbon co-feed is chosen from straight run gas oil, flashed distillate, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oil, atmospheric residue, and/or vacuum residue. The hydrocarbon co-feed comprises 8 wt.% or more of elemental hydrogen. The hydrocarbon co-feed has an Initial Boiling Point (IBP) as measured by distillation based on ASTM D2887-06a at 0.1 MPa of 220 degrees C or more. The hydrocarbon co-feed and pyrolysis oil or bottom phase of pyrolysis oil are mixed together, prior to entry into a catalytic cracking unit. The hydrocarbon co-feed is mixed with pyrolysis oil or bottom phase of pyrolysis oil by stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The liquid portion extends up to the opening of bag, so that the water content inside the liquid portion flows out of the opening. The second opening-and-closing member is provided in the opening of the liquid portion. The opening-and-closing member is zipper type or drawstring pouch type. The upper portion of the bag comprises handling portion. The wastewater port is further provided in the liquid portion. The second hole is provided in the liquid portion. The water content in the liquid portion is made to return by flowing into the organic-refuse portion. The partition compression-bonded line is L-shaped. The bottom portion of the bag comprises self-supporting bottom portion which provides free-standing on flat surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material comprises platinum, silver, copper, stainless steel and platinum-copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first adhesive layer such as a hydrating electrically conductive paste includes a multivalent acid and is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of platinum on carbon and phosphoric acid with a solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sublimatable organic compound is menthol, borneol, camphene, tert-butylcyclohexanol, maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone), Phantolide (RTM: 5-Acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindane), Celestolide (RTM: 4-Acetyl-6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindane), Versalide (RTM: 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-ethyl-7-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), 2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanone, 1-methyl-1-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexane, 2-methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2-cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-6-isopropylcyclohexanone, 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane, 2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)-2-heptane, 2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)isopropanol, 1-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-cumene, 1-hydroxy-2-isobutylcyclohexane, 1-hydroxy-1-isobutylcyclohexane, 1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane,1-hydroxy-3,6-diisobutylcyclohexane, 1-hydroxy-4-isobutylcyclohexane, 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptanone, 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptanol, 1-hydroxl-3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohexane, 2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanone, 2-isobutyl-3-isopropylcyclopropanol, 2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanone, 2-isobutyl-4-ethylcyclobutanol, 2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanone, 2-isobutyl-4-methylcyclopentanol, 2-isobutylcyclohexanone, 2-isobutylcyclohexanol, 4-isopropylcycloheptanone, 4-isopropylcycloheptanol, 3,7- dimethylcyclooctanone and/or 3,7-dimethylcyclooctanol. The sublimatable organic compound is present at 0.1-500 g based on 10 l of the liquid fuel. EXAMPLE - 1-Hydroxy-4-isobutylcyclohexane (2.5 g) was added into a diesel (10 l) to give corresponding liquid fuel composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of B1 to C1 is 3.2, or 4:1-3.2. The ester crosslinks are made using a diol. The hollow fiber membrane monoester is subjected to transesterification conditions to form a crosslinked hollow fiber polymer membrane. The polyimide polymer has an average molecular weight of 20000-200000, preferably 40000-140000. The membrane material has an average molecular weight greater than the entanglement molecular weight of the polymer. Preferred Method: The polyimide polymer is treated with a diol in the presence of an esterification catalyst. Preferred Definitions:    X, X2 = CF3;    R1-R6 = H;    B1 = methyl substituted diamino benzene;    A1 = 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(phthalic anhydride); and    C1 = 3,5 diaminobenzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The current collector layer is made of metal oxide powder chosen from nickel oxide or ferric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: a waste gas processing device, which is connected with the dehydrating tower, rectifying tower and the high temperature distillation device; and a waste water processing device, which is respectively connected with the washing tower, the dehydrating tower, the rectifying tower and the washing device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compost is mature by satisfying the following conditions (a) the decomposing compost comprising brown or black brown color, (b) discharging black liquid, (c) reducing the volume by 2/3-1/2 when compared with stacking, and (d) loosing the dry soil when finger is used for rubbing. The composting time of the compost is 45-65 days. The wheat straw and Rhododendron molle are cut into 1-2 cm. The total quantity of the fertilizer is 450-600 kg/acres. Preferred Method: The whole layer fertilizing is performed by taking 65-70% of fertilizer, then spreading rake, flattening soil, where the remaining fertilizer is used as top dressing to carry out the whole dressing layer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in kg): Rhododendron molle (15); earthworm (6); wheat straw (25); and farmyard manure (54).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The desolventizing machine is connected with an absorption tower by a solvent collecting device, a first condenser and a fifth condenser, which are orderly and serially connected. The absorption tower is respectively connected with a tail gas fan, a cooler and a fifth pump. The fifth pump is serially connected with the cooler by a heater and an analyzing tower. The analyzing tower is connected with the diversion box by a third condenser. The second condenser is connected with the first condenser, the diversion box and the third condenser. The fourth condenser is provided with a vacuum pump. The diversion box is serially connected with the multi-level counter current extractor by a fourth pump and a spraying kettle. The material storage case is serially connected with first curve scraper blade and a first scraper blade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion is introduced into the pressure swing adsorption purification device for purification until methane content becomes not more than 90% and carbon dioxide content becomes lower than 3% to obtain the CNG, which meets the compressed natural gas standard for automobiles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The flash evaporator is a multi-stage flash evaporator. The high-pressure diaphragm press filter is a program-controlled van-type high-pressure diaphragm press filter. The biogas purification unit is a pressure swing adsorption purification device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is a mixture of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether AEO-3 and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-7. The mass ratio of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether AEO-3 to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-7 is 1: 2-1. The cosolvent is n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol and/or isoamyl alcohol. The biodiesel is prepared by cooking oil, Jatropha fruit oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil or palm oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed refrigerant is methane, ethane, propane, isobutane and/or nitrogen. The nitrogen compression refrigeration system used in working fluid is nitrogen or methane content or mixed gas of nitrogen and carbon of 109- gamma at 40% and/or methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid, 3,5 xylenol, thionyl chloride, zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide is 1:1-1.5:1-2:0-2:1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The cottonseed shell residue is obtained from agricultural mushroom planting waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lanthanide oxide, calcium carbonate, and ferrous sulfate are obtained from agricultural material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mashed sugar is obtained from sludge residue of filtered wastewater (after producing sugar) in sugar factory. The xylitol residue is obtained from beverage plant waste. The furfural slag is obtained from beverage plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is trimethylacetic acid. The solvent is n-heptane and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of 2-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid phenylamide and (6-(2-amino-ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1,3)dioxan-4-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester compound is 1:1-1:2. Preferred process: The reaction between 2-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl)-4-methyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid phenylamide and (6-(2-amino-ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1,3)dioxan-4-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester is carried out at 80-100 degrees C for 20-40 hours, and the reaction product is decompressed for recovering n-heptane and tetrahydrofuran followed by adding methanol for recrystallization, centrifuging recrystallized product and baking. The (6-(2-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1,3)dioxan-4-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester is dissolved in methanol and tetrahydrofuran, and the dissolved product is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid at 30-50 degrees C for acidolysis deprotection. The sodium salt of 7-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester (I) is obtained by adding alkali to 7-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester and performing alkaline hydrolysis at 20-40 degrees C followed by decompressing the product, recovering methanol and tetrahydrofuran, adding normal hexane or isopropyl ether and extracting to obtain water layer. The amorphous atorvastatin calcium is obtained by adding calcium acetate solution to the water layer to form a calcium salt followed by adding acetic acid, ethyl acetate and/or propyl acetate, separating into layers, concentrating, adding acetone, pressing, filtering, concentrating, and directly baking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). The anti-corrosion agent is cyclohexane. The stabilizing agent includes cyclohexanol or glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The feeding mole ratio of the magnesium to the bromine substituted phenyl compound (I) is 0.95-1.2:1, feeding mole ratio of 6-methoxyl tetralone to the bromine substituted phenyl compound (I) is (1-2.0):1. The feeding mole ratio of the bromating agent to the nitrogen substituted phenyl compound (II) or inorganic acid salt is (0.9-1.5):1. The feeding mole ratio of the phenylboronic acid to the bromine substituted phenyl compound (III) or inorganic acid salt is 1.0-2.0:1. Preferred Components: The bromating agent is tribromide pyridinium. The catalyst utilized in the method is palladium triphenylphosphine, palladium chloride, ligand or palladium acetate. The inorganic alkali is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The biological protein mixture is obtained by heating the above-cited components at 20-25 degrees C and maintaining the product for 3-5 hours. The EM mixture is maintained at 30-50 degrees C. The secondary macro nutrients comprise 10-15 wt.% of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. The chelated micronutrients comprises 3-6 wt.% of zinc, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium, copper and boron. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of step (i) is 30-130?oC and the reaction time is 1-5 hours. The molar ratio of (I) to benzo(d)thiazole-2-thiol is 1:0.98-1.5. The solvent is methylbenzene. The step (i) generates (II), where methylbenzene is recycled and dichloromethane is added to proceed to step (ii). The reaction temperature of step (ii) is -25 to 15?oC. The reaction time is 1-10 hours. The molar ratio of (II), hydrogen bromide acid and sodium nitrite is 1:1-5:1-5. The solvent is dichloromethane (III). The step (iii) comprises reacting the organic phase of step (ii) at -10 to 90?oC for 1-32 hours under the adsorption action of an anion resin, performing condensation reaction with benzotriazole to obtain compound (IV), purifying (IV) by filtering, adding water, layering, performing decompression recycling of organic phase, adding methanol or ethanol to perform crystallization, filtering and drying to obtain solid compound (IV). The step (iv) comprises oxidizing (IV) at -10 to 30?oC for 0.5-10 hours under the action of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid catalyst to obtain compound (V). The product in step (iv) is purified by decoloring through hydrogen peroxide, layering, extracting the aqueous phase through methylene chloride, mixing the organic phases, vacuum extracting and distilling, adding methanol or ethanol to crystallize and centrifuging to obtain a white solid compound (V). Preferred Components: In step (iii), the molar ratio of (III), anion exchange resin and benzotriazole is 1:1-5:1-30. The organic solvent is methylene chloride, chloroform, methanol, acetone or ethyl alcohol. The temperature is -10 to 90?oC and the reaction time is 1-32 hours. In step (iv), the molar ratio of (IV), potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:1-5:0.01-1. In step (iv), the solvent is methylene chloride, water or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further comprises an aerobic treatment and/or a drying step, after the step (d). The separation of the second fraction in the step (b) is carried out by screening. Preferred Components: The predetermined waste fraction size is 60-120 mm, preferably 80 mm. The average size of the waste fractions of the organic rich fine fraction is less than 10-45 mm, preferably less than 30 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic nitrate is nitrate polyethylene glycol (NPEG).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrates for controlled replication of acetogenic microorganisms comprise high molecular weight carboxylic acid with 3-6C, preferably propionic acid, butyric acid, its salts and/or its metabolic precursor substances e.g. lactic acid. Preferred Method: The addition of the adaptation triggering substrates to the fermenter is carried before controlling the increased loading rate. The addition of the adaptation triggering substrates in the respective fermenter is carried out before controlling the increased loading rate at a time of reaction in a non-critical loading rate region (loading rate = less than or equal to half of the loading rate before its increase). The addition of the adaptation triggering substrates is carried out for greater than 20-40 days in the fermenter, before controlling the high-load situation. The amount of the adaptation triggering substrate added is 0.3-0.7 kg/(m3x d). The loading rate is increased by 2-5 load increasing steps, which are carried out at intervals of one week, where the start-up process is completed in one residence time. The addition of the adaptation triggering substrates to the fermenter is carried just before controlling the increased loading rate, where after the adaptation of the biocoenosis in the subsequent high-load operation, a biological self-supply of the relevant high molecular weight carboxylic acids is ensured. A supportive addition of the adaptation triggering substrates is carried in the fermenter during the established high load fermentation associated process. The addition of the supportive acting adaptation triggering substrates is carried in the fermenter during the established high load fermentation associated process in an inflow concentration of 0.4-3.5 liter adaptation triggering substrates/(m3 substratex d). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The KARI enzyme is isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme has a cofactor specific for NADH and NADPH. The enzyme has Km value for NADH which is less than the enzyme comprising amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63. The enzyme has Km for NADH which is less than 500 mu m, preferably 50 mu m. The enzyme further comprises at least one substitution at a residue at positions 24, 33, 47, 50, 53, 61, 80, 115, 156, 165, or 170 of SEQ ID NO: 17, substitution at a residue at position 47 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is chosen from Ala, Cys, Asp, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Asn, Pro, and Tyr, and substitution at a residue at position 50 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is chosen from Ala, Cys, Asp, Glu, Phe, Gly, Met, Asn, Val, and Trp, preferably Asp. The enzyme further comprises substitution at a residue at position 53 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is chosen from Ala, His, and Ile. The enzyme further comprises substitution at a residue at position 156 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Val, substitution at a residue at position 165 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Met, substitution at a residue at position 24 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Phe, substitution at a residue at position 33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Leu, substitution at a residue at position 80 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Ile, and substitution at a residue at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17, where the amino acid substituted is Leu. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Analgesic; Muscular-Gen.; CNS-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Hypnotic; Antialcoholic; Neuroleptic; Antimanic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - (S)-3-Cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid salt of cinchonidine (20 g), dichloromethane (100 ml) and aqueous dilute hydrochloric acid (100 ml) were heterogeneously mixed for 1 hour. Organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane. Combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid (7.5 g). A solution of (S)-3-cyano-5-methyl hexanoic acid (20 g) in methanol and water in a ratio of 50:50 was added into a solution of potassium carbonate (9.8 g) in water (20 cm3) at 25 degrees C and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the mixture, Raney nickel (10 g) was added and purged with hydrogen gas twice and then 10 atmosphere hydrogen pressure was maintained for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and solvent from filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a semi-solid material, which was re-crystallized from isopropyl alcohol and water mixture (94:06) to obtain (S)-pregabalin (10 g, and 99 % enantiomeric excess), as a white solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the step of (b), all the above mentioned solvent is doped with 2% of ethanol. Preferred Components: In the step of (b), alkali metal alkoxide is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide. EXAMPLE - (R) 3-Cyano-5 methylhexanoic acid ethyl ester (15.8 g), dimethyl sulfoxide (158 ml), ethanol (4 ml) and sodium ethoxide (7.35 g) were added to the reactor, and then, the reactor was charged. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 75 degrees C, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature neutralized with acetic acid, and the mixer was treated with water (200 ml) in small portions to maintaining below 30 degrees C. The aqueous phase was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (3x 200 ml), organic phases were combined and dried over sodium sulfate, and solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give (RS)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid (12.5 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The oxidation is carried out at 10-30 degrees C in the presence of tungstic acid. The optional purification is carried out in ethyl acetate solvent. Preferred Components: The non-halogenated organic acid solvent is 1-4C carboxylic acid. The water immiscible ester solvent is 2-5C carboxylic acid ester. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of (I) is oral or parenteral. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Biomass is a wood-type biomass e.g. black liquor of pulp, coppiced timber, lumber, wood chip, arrowroot, construction waste, wooden flask, lumber material, lumber waste material, paper, paper mill waste sludge, waste wood, or pruned fruit tree branch and/or an agricultural residue e.g. livestock manure, such as hen manure, bagasse (squeezed lees of sugarcane), fruit tree pruning residue, corn, or chaff.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of water, polyvinyl alcohol, crosslinking N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, polyacrylamide and sodium alginate is 1500:250:120:100:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The high-temperature microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Thermoactinomyces sp. GF1 and Thermoactinomyces sp. GF2 in the ratio of 1-5:1-3. The lignose degradation microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing the hyphae of Coprinus sp. MF1 and Coprinus sp. MF2 in the ratio of 1-3:1-2. The cellulose degradation microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing the spores of Trichoderma sp. XF1 and Rhizopus sp. XF4 in the ratio of 1-3:1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: CO adsorption agent contains carriers consisting of silica, alumina, and/or polystyrene-type resin carrying copper(I) halide and/or copper(II) halide or reduced adsorption agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The box body is made up of polyvinyl chloride, and the outer part of the box body is coated with a glass fiber resin layer. The biochemical treatment filling material comprises several plastic balls attached to the natural microbial growth. The device comprises two vent holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The kitchen waste processing system further comprises a water storage device and a discharging device, where the water storage device is respectively connected with the feeding device, the crushing device and the magnetic separation device. The electric control device is respectively connected with the water storage device and the discharging device. The kitchen waste processing system is provided with one, two or more than two fermentation devices.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oil: The biologically-derived oil has 10-16C acyl carbon atom chain content of 30 wt.% or more in which at least 80% of 10-16C acyl carbon atom chains are saturated, and 18-22C acyl carbon atom chain content of 20 wt.% or more and at least 50% of 16-22C acyl carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond. The saturated monoesters are utilized as a transportation fuel. The saturated monoester is separated by distillation. Hydrotreatment is performed using a hydroprocessing catalyst and a hydrogen-containing environment. The hydroprocessing catalyst is chosen from cobalt-molybdenum catalyst, nickel-molybdenum catalyst, nickel-tungsten catalyst, noble metal catalyst, and their mixture. The saturated monoester is hydrotreated to obtain diesel fuel blendstock. The diesel fuel blendstock has cloud point of less than -10 degrees C. At least some of alkane is hydroisomerized using isomerization catalyst comprising a metal chosen from platinum, palladium and their mixture to obtain base oil blendstock. The base oil blendstock has a viscosity index of more than 120. The base oil blendstock is utilized as lubricating base oil blendstock.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen generation method comprises putting thermophilic Bacillus hydrolyzed sludge or organic waste in sealed reactor, then blowing nitrogen for 2-15 minutes, and then sealing the reactor to generate hydrogen by fermentation at 25-45 degrees C. Volume ratio of sludge and thermophilic Bacillus solution is 100:3-15. The sludge is from sewage treatment plant, river/sea mud or pond sludge. Volume ratio of organic waste and thermophilic Bacillus liquid is 100:3-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas storage device is capable of enabling the combustible gas to enter the cold carbon discharging machine via the gas meter, the membrane valve and the gas needle pipe so as to discharge carbon when the temperature of the carbon is reduced to less than 60 degrees C. The generated carbon falls into the carbon outlet chamber and exchanges heat with normal temperature combustible gas fully via the cold carbon discharging machine. The middle shaft is operated; the biomass material is introduced into the furnace from the screw feeder to the middle shaft material distributing plate and dispersed under the outer circumference via the rotary middle shaft material distributing plate; the furnace wall rotates along the middle shaft and falls into the harrow and to into the lower layer; the biomass pyrogenic decomposition process is realized via four layers; the gas product is filtered via the middle shaft material distributing plate at high temperature and separates out the carbon micro particle and wood empyreumatic oil via the primary filtering gas outlet purification settling tank, and passes into the cyclone dust remover and then poured into the storage tank; the air enters the cold separator; the wood empyreumatic oil is discharged into the storage tank via a lower outlet; and the residual non-condensing gas is purified by the purifier to enter the gas storage device. The biomass is introduced into the furnace from the screw feeder to the middle shaft material distributing plate and dispersed under the outer circumference via the rotary middle shaft of the material distributing plate. The residual gas enters the cold separator, and the separated wood empyreumatic oil is discharged into the storage tank via a lower outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electron conductor exhibits a voltage- or current source for assisting the transport of the electrons excited by the solar radiation. One of the electrodes is connected with a discharge for a gaseous by-product, preferably oxygen, obtained by the decomposition of the starting material. The first electrode is associated with a device for focusing the incident solar radiation, which is arranged for increasing the intensity of the solar radiation focused on the first electrode by at least 30 times, preferably at least 50 times compared to the incident solar radiation. The electrodes and the electrolyte are accommodated in a flat housing to obtain a panel, where the flat housing exhibits a translucent inlet window, preferably a glass sheet covering the first electrode. The housing is covered by an insulating body, which exhibits a cavity corresponding to the inlet window. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each sub-system gas generating furnace is four in number and corresponding to a sub-optimization control station. The tower outlet semi-water gas flow meter includes an alkali flow bar flow signal generator and a differential pressure transmitter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The air distributing groove is made of metal, glass steel or hard plastic. The ventilating pipe is made of metal, glass steel or hard plastic material. The support leg is made of reinforcing steel bar or plastic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The air-permeable layer is made of gravel, porcelain granule, tree bark, organic waste pieces and low powder material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified corn starch is the Dry-Flo AF (RTM: Hydrophobically modified corn starch) modified corn starch provided by the AkzoNobel company. The essence is the CF-39941 pure white flower essence provided by the Shenzhen Bolton spices limited. The shampoo comprises (in mass%) normal butane (17), dimethyl ether (15), isobutane (21), modified corn starch (13), propane (15), absolute ethanol (18), cyclo methyl silicone (0.3), octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (0.4) and essence (0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The weight ratio of methyl salicylate and toluene is 1:3. The reaction pressure is controlled between 0.3 and 0.35 mPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises waste plant and animal oil (10-40), acidized oil (10-35), dodecanol (1-10), petroleum ether (5-10), triethylamine (1-10) and aviation kerosene (10-35). The methanol content is not limited and it is 99.99% or 80% methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active group is one or two of succinimide succinate, imidoate, maleimide, aryl diazo and callose. The micro-molecule organic matter is 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 or 2,3-Dinor thromboxane B2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The linear polymer is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or ethylene oxidepropylene oxide copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction performed in non-polar solvent or polar solvent, where hydrolysis is performed by adding an acid, where the acid is selected from trifluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer matrix is selected from a group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polystyrene-alkoxy divinylbenzene, polystyrene, polyurea, polystyrene or polystyrene-polyacrylamide polyvinylpyridine. Preferred Definitions:    R2=substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or 5-6C heterocyclic having one heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; and    R3=an organic polymer matrix selected from a group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol-polystyrene, polystyrene-polyurea, polystyrene or polystyrene-polyvinylpyridine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves collecting the product and filtering the product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The hydrogen supplier is a water electrolysis apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: Reference material is soybean curd residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The baffle is made of stainless steel plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The individual heat recovery regimes include heat exchangers (110). The flash temperature is higher than the reaction temperature and the set of heat recovery regimes direct the FAME product first into heat exchanging relation to the FAME precursor and then in heat exchanging relation to the feedstock mixture. The set of condensers comprises: more than two condensers; first and second condensers and further comprises a compressor configured to draw a vacuum through the first condenser and to output into the second condenser at positive pressure; and first, second, and third condensers, and further comprises a first compressor serially arranged between the first and second condensers and a second compressor serially arranged between the second and third condensers. The system (B) further comprises a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat from the separated reactant to the renewable feedstock. The recycle assembly and the heat transfer assembly are the same assembly or are different assemblies.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reactant is introduced in excess amounts and a portion of the reactant is consumed to produce the biofuel, where the separated reactant comprises a remainder of the reactant that was not consumed. The step of introducing comprises introducing the reactant in excess mole quantities relative to the feedstock and the biofuel. The step of separating comprises separating unreacted excess reactant. The recycling comprises recycling the unreacted excess reactant. Preferred Components: The reactant comprises methanol. The unreacted excess reactant comprises the excess mole quantities. The biofuel precursor comprises fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of the adding quantity and total solid of hydrogen peroxide is 4-21 mg/g-total suspended solids. Preferred Method: The medium temperature anaerobic digestion reactor temperature is 33-37 degrees C, the sludge feeding is 20-50%, the initial organic load is 140-170 mg soluble chemical oxygen demand/g-volatile suspended solids, and retention time is 13-18 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sealing element is used at a closing element (4) of the proportional valve or at a nozzle body (2) of the proportional valve. The sealing element is used as an O-ring (20) or as a flat gasket (5). The sealing element exhibits an annular shape or a circular planar shape or is formed as the O-ring. The sealing element is arranged on a base surface (4a) of the closing element such that the sealing element is spaced apart from an edge of the closing element, so that a surface area free from the sealing element is present at the base surface of the closing element. The sealing element exhibits annular shape and is arranged at the base surface of the closing element such that an outer free surface area and an inner free surface area is present at the base surface. The sealing element is formed as O-ring, which exhibits a cord thickness of 2-3.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The butyl rubber or silicone rubber, preferably fluorine-free silicone rubber is used as a single element for producing the sealing element. The silicone rubber comprises methyl-vinyl-silicone-rubber, methyl-silicone-rubber, methyl-phenyl silicone-rubber, methyl-phenyl-vinyl silicone-rubber, methyl-fluorine-silicone-rubber or fluorine-silicone-rubber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The burning gas-rich product gas that reaches the quality of natural gas L, natural gas H or from vehicle fuel, and is fed into the respective gas networks, or is introduced in compressed gas storage. The thermal energy is used for direct or indirect heat transfer, preferably for on-demand heating of one or more connected heat processes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The permeation apparatus is equipped with polymer membranes, which permeate carbon dioxide, that are embedded in the form of hollow fibers, or tubes or in the form of flat membranes in a module housing. The compressed gas scrubber (6) is realized in the form of one or more jet apparatus. The jet apparatus is realized as a liquid jet fan, liquid jet compressor or jet scrubber. The compressed-gas scrubber is realized in the form of one or more packed scrubbers or spray scrubbers. The gas burner is a lean gas burner, which makes the combustible gas into usable heat by flameless oxidation burner or a gas porous burner. The recuperator is a turbine or a backward running pump. The recuperator produces current on a generator shaft or the motor of the washing pump and/or the gas compressor are mechanically assisted on the respective drive shaft. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the biomass particles are ground to a diameter of 0.001-1 inch, and where the thin sheets have thickness that is multiple of the ground biomass particle diameter. The thickness of the thin sheets is 1-30 times the biomass particle diameter. The ramps of temperature is 0.001-1000 degrees C/sec; and are varied over a period of time is 1 microsecond to 1 week. The pressure shocks are incremented over a range of pressures; are applied over a range of times is 1 microsecond to 1 week; and are in magnitude of 0.2-10 GPa. The mixture of pressure shocks of differing magnitudes are applied over a range of times. The biomass is subjected to controlled gas atmosphere or supercritical fluid while is subjected to temperature ramp; and is subjected to controlled gas atmosphere or supercritical fluid while is subjected to pressure shocks. The temperature ramps include a sufficiently high temperature to create non-volatile carbonaceous material from the biomass, where the temperature is greater than or equal to 300 degrees C. The pressure shocks increase thermal conductivity of formed non-volatile carbonaceous material within the biomass. The non-volatile biomass component reacts sacrificially with methane. The methane is derived from wet gas source. The reactant comprises oxygen and the oxygen is pure oxygen, part of a mixture of oxygen and an inert agent, or is derived from the decomposition of an oxygen-containing species, selected from H2O, H2O2, and N2O. The non-volatile component is activated prior to executing synthesis gas generation reactions. Preferred Components: The collected gas component is selected from lipids, furans, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon fragments, and synthesis gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system comprises a waste gas processing device. The waste gas processing device is connected to the dehydration tower. The system further comprises a wastewater processing device. The waste wastewater processing device is respectively connected to the dehydration tower, the phase separation tower, the first rectification tower and the second rectification tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Concentration: In producing hydrogen, the molar concentration of the organic product in the aqueous solution is between 0.5 and 4 M. Preferred Components: When the organic product is a biomass-derived organic product, the product is selected from a molasses, alcohols, ethers, glycols, and its combinations. Preferably, the organic product is selected from methanol, ethanol, glucose, fructose and glycerin, as well as its combinations. The organic product derived from biomass comprises product from liquefaction and/or pyrolysis of wood. Preferred Method: Producing hydrogen further comprises applying a voltage between 0.5 V and 0.9 V; and application of ultrasound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The top end of the gas-guide tube is provided with a pressure limit valve, and desulphurization device is connected between the gas-guide tube and the gas storing pot. The condensate water impurity remover is connected between the gas storing pot and the methane compressor. The one-way valve is connected between the methane compressor and the supercharger. The stirrer is arranged in the fermentation pool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic acid is a carboxylic acid with 1-4C, preferably monocarboxylic acid comprising formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. The organic carboxylic acid is oxalic acid and/or malonic acid dicarboxylic acid or carboxylic acid and/or glycolic acid. The nitrogen in the biodiesel is nitrogen in the form of alkaline nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcoholized fuel further contains ethyl acetate (50 %mass), and methyl formate (50 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (i) mixing the material with inoculums or conditioner and stacking for 2-15 days, where the water content of the mixed material is 50-70%, and the total solid content is 30-50%. The method comprises fermenting the stacked material at 42 degrees C for 2-3 days. The step (i) comprises adding inoculums or conditioner, and replenishing the biogas slurry after step (ii), where the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the whole material is 6-60. The method comprises controlling the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the whole material to 25-30. The step (iii) comprises discharging the biogas slurry and the remained sludge by a backflow pump for adjusting the volume load of the anaerobic tank, pumping back the biogas slurry and replenishing water by using an automatic spraying device, automatically stirring by using the backflow pump. The anaerobic fermentation in the step (iii) comprises adding the original material or pretreated material manually or mechanically to increase the yield of methane, where the amount of the added material ensures that the total solid content in the anaerobic tank is 10-25%. Preferred Components: The anaerobic tanks are provided with a various engineering operation, which is designed as a circulating sequencing batch type to ensure the operating period of each engineering, which has at least one anaerobic tank running to produce gas, when one anaerobic tank stops running for discharging, then the amount of material is controlled for feeding, stacking, fermenting and producing gas based on the pretreated and predetermined fermenting time. The material is dried or fresh crop straw, animal waste, biological waste or blue-green algae. The inoculum or conditioner is livestock or poultry manure, biogas slurry, methane tank sludge, sewage plant sludge or inoculant of microorganism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The asparagus straw is crushed through a kneading feed crusher or a crushing device with the same effect. The seed sludge is normally fermented residue of large, middle, or small methane engineering system or normally fermented granular sludge of sewage treatment plant. The mass concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 2-6%. The sodium hydroxide pre-treatment temperature is 24-26 degrees C. The seed sludge addition amount is 20-50% of the total weight of the reaction materials. The pH is regulated through 0.2-0.6 mol/liter acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. The reaction temperature is 35-38 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises protection agent containing glycerol, one or more yellow collagen, gelatin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, glycerol, propylene glycol, and mannitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is palladium /carbon, platinum/carbon or rhodium/carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The (X)2 is supercritical carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The straw is crop straw, which is obtained after crop harvesting, where the crop comprising fiber, grain, beans, potatoes, oil, hemp, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and fruit are left during harvesting period. The nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium hydrogen carbonate or urea. The inoculum is enriched with livestock excrement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The oil plants are Jatropha curcas, rapeseed, Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean, peanut, cotton, palm and coconut, where the seeds of the oil plants are the source of oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lipophilic organic solvent is n-hexane/ether/tertiary butyl alcohol/ether. The transesterification reaction is performed using low alcohol including methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The tank body is made of steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The buffer tank is close to the outlet, which is provided with a heavy phase outlet. The bottom of the separator is provided with a second heavy phase outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of water to phosphoric acid to ammonia gas to potassium hydroxide is 20-50:2-3:1-2:1. The filtrate of solid-liquid separation is used as circulating solvent. Preferred method: The temperature of the reaction system is 60-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The aerobic fermentation process carried out in step (c) is performed for 1-4 times every day at 50-70 degrees C for 5-7 days. The amount of gaseous oxygen supplied during aeration process is 5-21% and the amount of oxygen supplied during the anaerobic process is less than 5%. The culture liquid used for fermentation process in step (a) is culture solution of one or more of actinomycetes, fungi or bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing the materials together, stirring using a stirrer for 260 minutes, placing in pulverizing device to crush, then pouring into a fermenting tank, tightly covering, compacting by thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting for 72 hours, turning inside out and outside in (turning for 5 times), while turning large wastewater is excreted out, continuously fermenting for 52 hours at more than 75 degrees C, pouring all materials into hard particle machine to produce hard granule, sieving with 100 meshes, and obtaining the finished product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves combining powders, mixing the obtained mixture, adding the obtained mixture into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 280 minutes, obtaining the product, adding the product into a crusher, crushing the product into particle size of 300 meshes, adding the crushed product into a stirrer, stirring the obtained mixture for 280 minutes, obtaining the product, adding the product into a fermenting tank, adding excrement to the obtained product in the ratio of 1:1.5, compacting and fermenting the product for 60 hours, crushing the obtained product using crusher into grains size of 200 meshes, and sieving the granules using screen (200 meshes) to obtain the fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves subjecting the biomass to the desired reaction condition for an amount of time effective to increase the natural binder concentration of the reacted biomass relative to the biomass prior to reaction; forming the reacted biomass into at least one of solid fuel, liquid fuel, or gas fuel; applying pressure to the reacted biomass in an amount sufficient to form a pellet; and loading a biomass into a loading chamber and pressurizing the loading chamber prior to introducing the biomass into the reaction chamber such that the desired reaction condition is maintained. The reaction condition includes temperature of at least 200 (preferably 230-260) degrees C. The amount of time is less than 5 minutes (preferably less than or equal to 60 seconds). The process involves establishing in a reaction chamber a first temperature and a pressure, where the pressure is sufficient to maintain water in a condensed state at the first temperature; introducing a biomass into the reaction chamber; and subjecting the biomass to a second temperature and the condensed water for an amount of time effective to increase the energy density of the reacted biomass relative to the biomass prior to reaction, where the second temperature is equal to or less than the first temperature and the amount of time is less than five minutes, where the first temperature is greater than the second temperature by an amount sufficient to counteract an adiabatic temperature decrease that occurs when introducing the biomass into the reaction chamber. The second temperature is at least 200 (preferably 230-260) degrees C. Preferred Components: The natural binder is lignin or a derivative of lignin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In treating biomass to produce materials useful for biofuels, the alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of from about 1% wt. to about 55% wt., based on the solution. The alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid is produced from (a) a carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound with (b) sulfur dioxide or a precursor to sulfur dioxide and (c) water. It is in-situ generated. Step (b) is carried out at a temperature within the range of about 50 degrees C to about 150 degrees C and a pressure within the range of 1 gauge bar (barg) to about 10 barg. At least one fermentable sugar comprises at least one pentose and/or at least one hexose. In step (b), at least one pentose and at least one hexose is produced. The method further comprises: (d) separating a liquid stream containing said fermentable sugar and a wet solid stream containing remaining biomass from the acid-removed product; (e) hydrolyzing the wet solid stream thus producing a sugar stream; and (f) fermenting the sugar stream thus producing fermented products. It also comprises hydrolyzing and fermenting the stream containing fermentable sugar thus producing fermented products. The removed alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid as components is recycled to step (b) as components or in its recombined form. The biomass is contacted with the a-hydroxysulfonic acid at a temperature of 120 degrees C or less. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: (d) at least one fermentable sugar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The rail installation structure part has a wheel mounted in the edge part of the width direction of the main rail, and at the back surface of the edge part of the width direction of the near main rail. The main rail is made flat-shaped and the whole back surface is supported on the rail installation structure. The intercalated disk is interposed between the back surface of the main rail, and the rail installation structure part. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves converting functional biomass resources obtained from pellet and forestry waste using chemical composition to obtain composite, and combusting the chaff pellet and wood pellet. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The apparatus further has a carbon monoxide stripper having one end connected to a vent of cathode (A1), and an other end split into three pipelines connected to anode of solid oxide fuel cell (11), a gas inlet of the cathode of solid oxide fuel cell (10), and a chemical reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solid oxide fuel cells (10) and (11) are tubular-type or planar-type fuel cell, preferably anode support cell-type fuel cell, electrolyte support cell-type fuel cell, or a metal support cell-type fuel cell, and have structure including nickel oxide-yttria-stabilized zirconia as anode, yttria-stabilized zirconia as electrolyte layer, or lanthanum strontium manganite-gadolinium-doped ceria-lanthanum strontium manganite as composite cathode layer. Preferred Process: The anode is treated with cerium oxide-copper. A noble metal (preferably, platinum) is added to the solid oxide fuel cell (10) as catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the chemical reactor, the introduced carbon monoxide is reacted with hydrogen, and/or oxygen, to generate liquid or solid compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method of preprocessing biomass is performed at room temperature. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Crystallinity degree of cellulose component contained in herbal biomass is reduced by pelletizing herbal biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The device further comprises culture solution concentration unit (1) for concentrating the culture solution supplied from the culture apparatus, where the processed container accommodates the concentrated culture solution. The oil component separation unit separates oil component from the processed liquid and transfers the remaining product to the culture apparatus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The stimulation unit pressurizes microalgae which accelerates external secretion of oil components. The apparatus further comprises a stirring unit for stirring the contents in the container to which the extract is supplied by extract supply unit. The second isolation process is a distillation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hulled barley is treated with sulfuric acid (0.1-1 wt.%) for 20-60 (preferably for 30) minutes at 80-170 degrees C and at a pressure of 15-150 psia. The method involves: treating the acid treated barley with enzymes at pH of 4.5-5 for 1-5 days at 30-80 degrees C to produce fermentable sugars; treating whole hulled barley with H2SO4 (0.01-10 wt.%) for 10-120 minutes at 80-170 degrees C to produce acid treated barley and treating the acid treated barley with enzymes to produce fermentable sugars, and optionally producing ethanol from the fermentable sugars. The acid treated barley is treated with enzymes at pH of pH 4.5-5 for 1-5 (preferably 2-4, especially 2.5-3.5, particularly 3) days at 30-80 (preferably 45-60, especially 50-55, particularly 50) degrees C. The method further involves: producing ethanol from the fermentable sugars. The hulled barley is treated with H2SO4 at 110-130 (preferably 110) degrees C and at a pressure of 30-60 (preferably 30) psia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen peroxide (alkaline peroxide) solution has a pH of 11.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid precipitate is treated with acidic electrolyzed water at a pH of 2.6, or alkaline electrolyzed water at a pH of 11.4. The step (e) is performed at 100-140 degrees C, preferably 121 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Miscanthus samples (5 g) were mixed with an alkaline peroxide solution (pH 11.5, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1, 1.5, and 2-4%) in Erlenmeyer flasks (100 ml). The solid to liquid loading ratio was brought to 5%. The reaction was performed in a Classic C76 water bath shaker. The slurries were incubated for 24 hours at 200 rpm and 50 degrees C. After the supernatants were removed, the solid residues were washed by deionized water until the sample pH became neutral. The solids were then pretreated with acid electrolyzed water or alkaline electrolyzed water at 121 degrees C and an solid to liquid ratio of 6.25% for 50 minutes in an autoclave. The pH was adjusted to 5 with 5M sodium hydroxide (or hydrochloric acid) solution before enzymatic hydrolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water inlet is located at the lower part on the side wall of the heat exchange chamber. The water outlet is located on the upper part on the side wall of the heat exchange chamber. The air inlet is provided with three air inlets. The three air inlets are separated at an angle of 90 degrees or uniformly distributed on the periphery of the burn resistant hot water heater. The lower part of the burn resistant hot water heater and the combustion chamber are connected to an ash outlet. The water storage buffer tank is equipped with a temperature display and a water level controller. The pipes connected to the burn resistant hot water heater are set on a pipeline pump. The burn resistant hot water heater, water storage buffer tank and connecting pipes are equipped with an insulation layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The light source is set at the horizontal position in the reactor main body. The transparent wall is made up of a transparent material. The reflecting wall and reflecting plate of the reactor body is coated with a reflecting material. The fluid moving part on the filler, transparent wall, reflecting wall and reflecting plate are respectively provided with a scratch to prevent the formation of bio-film on the inner walls of the reactor. The filler has a specific gravity of less than 1 and filling ratio of 55% for the formation of bio films by the internal growth of photosynthetic bacteria and other microorganisms. The reaction area, settling area and reflecting plate are connected through the baffle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The propellant is directly used as solvent for mixing with medicine composition and/or active component to prepare medicine composition liquid and/or active component solution. It is compressed gas or liquefied gas with boiling point lower than room temperature. The propellant is nitrogen, tetrafluoroethane, and trichlorofluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, dimethyl ether, or propane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The medicine composition liquid or active component solution contains silver ion, alcohol, boric acid, Yunnan Baiyao, iodine, hypochlorite, peroxide, titanium dioxide, active peptide, and/or traditional Chinese medicine extract composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The average diameter of biocellulose powder is 10-500, preferably 50-100 nm. The content of biocellulose powder is 10-150, preferably 50-100 g/L of medicine composition liquid or active component solution. The biocellulose powder is obtained by statically fermenting biocellulose wet film or dynamically fermenting biocellulose particles; drying; and crushing. The biocellulose aerosol further comprises solubilizer, emulsifying agent, surface active agent, correcting agent, and/or preservative. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding solubilizer, emulsifier, surface active agent, correcting agent, preservatives, and/or essence. ACTIVITY - Vulnerary; Hemostatic; Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion furnace comprises a furnace body connected with a flue. The furnace body is provided with a S shaped coiled air conduit pipe. The air conduit pipe passing from the furnace body is connected with a fan. The air conduit pipe and the other end of the flue extend out of the flue opening. The rolling molding machine comprises a working table, a hopper and a rolling chamber. The hopper is located below the rolling chamber. The rolling chamber is extended with a rotating shaft. The two sides of the rotating shaft is symmetrically equipped with a roller wheel. The rolling chamber and the bottom of rotating shaft are provided with a center ring which is opened with a discharge hole. The roller is tapered, and the roller end with small diameter close to the rotating shaft gradually increases from top to bottom. The discharging hole is formed with at least three circles by the rotating shaft.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A universal joint is further arranged on a middle lower part of the hollow rotary shaft. Two universal joints are arranged. The turner is of triangular prism shape. 6 turners are arranged. The discharging machine includes two discharging pipes arranged up and down parallel. The blanking machine is a hollow column with acanth bumps. The blanking machine is a cylinder with acanth bumps, and acanth bumps are arranged on an outer wall of the cylinder with equal gap in radiation shape by using a circle center of the cylinder as a center. Acanth bumps are arranged along the column with gaps. A screw rod is further arranged in the discharging device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The borohydride in the step of (b) is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl halide in the step of (c) is dichloromethane or trichloromethane. The inorganic acid in the step of (c), is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. The calcium chloride-methanol solution in the step of (4), is prepared from calcium chloride and methanol having a weight ratio of 1:10 (wt/vol.). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microorganism activator is silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium metal element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The processing groove comprises a metal compound that is chosen from copper, zinc, manganese and iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coarse alcohol utilized in preparation of alcohol base fuel is methanol water solution. Preferred Composition: The combustion improver comprises Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate), Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monoleate) and ethyl acetate in a mss ratio of 5:4:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) comprises adding succinic anhydride (0.8 kg) and triethylamine (600 ml) into the mother liquor produced by dihydroartemisinin (10 kg), allowing to react for 8 minutes at 27 degrees C, neutralizing with glacial acetic acid, and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil is prepared by using palm oil, hogwash oil, and peanut oil. The compound emulsifier comprises (in weight parts) sorbitan monooleate (1-1.5), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (8-8.5) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (0.5-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Process: In the fractionation of sugarcane bagasse biomass, the bagasse biomass is adjusted to a moisture content of 50-70%, and is pre-heated to a temperature of about 100 degrees C for a minimum of about 10 minutes prior to pretreatment. The moisture content is 80%. The pre-heated bagasse biomass is compressed prior to the exposure step to the selected pressure required for the exposure step for removing a third liquid stream containing extractives. The first liquid stream from the pretreatment purge is blended with the second liquid stream extracted from the prehydrolyzed bagasse biomass. The pre-selected exposure time and pre-selected temperature are selected to achieve a severity index of 3.88 to 4.11, where the severity index is 4.0. The pre-selected temperature is between 190 and 210 degrees C, the pre-selected pressure is between 165 and 260 psig, and the pre-selected exposure time is between 7 and 10 minutes. The pre-selected temperature is about 205 degrees C, the pre-selected pressure is about 235 psig and the pre-selected exposure time is about 8 minutes. The bagasse biomass is washed and subsequently separated from dissolved hemicellulose and lignin free xylooligosaccharides and remaining inhibitory chemicals prior to the explosive decompression. The bagasse biomass is washed under a steam pressure that ranges from 100 psig to 290 psig prior to the explosive decompression. The pretreated fibrous solids are washed with water. The washed fibrous solids are separated from the wash water by a separation process selected from compressing, filtering, centrifuging, and combinations. The washing is counter current washing. The wash water is recycled wash water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameters: The apparatus prevents quick cooling of temperature in the device. Preferred Components: Dry biomass organic substance is used for the burning material raw material of a combustion furnace. The apparatus which charcoal and wood vinegar can manufacture was attached to the combustion furnace. Preferred Process: Operation of taking-out and the insertion of combustion residue material and fuel product can be performed easily.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The torrefaction reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic material comprising acid catalysts, solid base catalysts, silica catalysts, silica-alumina catalysts, group B metal oxide catalysts, pyrolytic char, zeolite socony mobil-5, hydrotalcite, diatomite, kaolin and/or ammonium molybdate. The pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of the catalytic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The torrefaction reaction is carried out in the reactor (I) comprising augers reactor, ablative reactor, rotating cones reactor, fluidized-bed reactor, entrained-flow reactor, vacuum moving-bed reactor, transported-bed reactor or fixed-bed reactor. The pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the reactor (II) comprising auger reactor, ablative reactor, bubbling fluidized bed reactor, circulating fluidized bed/transport reactor, rotating cone pyrolyzer or vacuum pyrolyzer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The torrefaction reaction conditions includes temperature of 220-280 degrees C, pressure of 11-30 psia and residence time of 5-20 minutes and the pyrolysis reaction conditions includes temperature 425-525 degrees C, pressure of atmospheric pressure to 300 psia, residence time of 0.5-2 seconds and has total acid number (TAN) of 20-50. The torrefaction reaction is carried out: in the absence of diatomic oxygen in an inert gas atmosphere comprising nitrogen, argon, steam or carbon oxide; in a reducing gas atmosphere; and with a reactant comprising hydrogen or ammonia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In degrading or converting sugar cane trash, the sugar cane trash is separated from sugar cane stalks. The sugar cane trash is pretreated before saccharification. The enzyme composition comprises one or more enzymes selected from a cellulase, a glycoside hydrolase family 61 (GH61) polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity, a hemicellulase, an esterase, an expansin, a laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, a pectinase, a peroxidase, a protease, and a swollenin. Degraded sugar cane trash is a sugar. The method further comprises recovering the degraded sugar cane trash. In fermenting sugar cane trash, fermenting of the sugar cane trash produces a fermentation product. The method further comprises recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of first dispersant to second dispersant is 1:3-3:1 or 1:1-1:3. The ratio of hydrocarbyl substituent to succinic acid in the first dispersant is 1:1-1:1.6. In the methods at least one of the first or second dispersant is a post treated dispersant. The emulsion composition/lubricant composition comprises at least one additive including anti-wear agents, detergent, diluents, defoamers, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, seal well agents, antioxidants, pour point depressants, rust inhibitors or friction modifiers. The biorenewable fuel comprises an alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method: the anaerobic hydrolysis-fermentation and photofermentating occur in tandem; the photofermentating comprises converting fatty acids to produce a mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and organic residue; maintaining the pH comprises monitoring and controlling different pH levels in different stages; and the anaerobic hydrolysis-fermentation occurs in a leach-bed reactor and the photofermentating occurs in a suspended-growth reactor stage. The anaerobic hydrolysis-fermentation and photofermentating: comprise utilizing naturally occurring organisms; take place in a single vessel; and occur at room temperature. The anaerobic hydrolysis-fermentation comprises percolating leachate in a crossflow mode or anaerobically fermenting leachate to produce the mixture comprising hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide and fatty acids. The method further comprises maintaining hydrogen partial pressure and avoiding product inhibition by rapidly and efficiently separating the gas. Preferred Components: In the method the biomaterial is a solid and the naturally occurring organisms occur in manure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The single vessel comprises a multi-stage reactor comprising at least one leach bed reactor and at least one suspended-growth reactor, where the suspended-growth reactor is in fluid communication with the leach-bed reactor. The single vessel comprises: a gas-specific membrane system disposed above the leach-bed reactor and the suspended-growth reactor is in fluid communication with the multi-stage reactor; many tubes, where a portion of the tubes divide the leach-bed reactor from the suspended-growth reactor within the single vessel; and an annular space between the tubes dividing the leach-bed reactor from the suspended-growth reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In producing synthesis gas from biomass, the biomass is a homogenous biomass-rich material, a non-homogeneous biomass-rich material, or a heterogeneous biomass-rich material. The biomass is urban biomass. In step (a), the biomass is heated to a temperature of 600-750 degrees C, preferably 700-750 degrees C. In step (b), the combustible material is heated to a temperature of 1,100-1,850 degrees C, preferably 1,500-1,850 degrees C. In step (c), the oxidized biomass is heated to a temperature of 900-1,200 degrees C, preferably 1,000-1,100 degrees C. The combustible material is selected from hydrocarbons, tar, and char. The combustible material is a hydrocarbon, where the hydrocarbon has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon is methane. The combustible material includes at least one hydrocarbon and char. The combustible material includes methane and char. The combustible material includes hydrocarbons derived from a biofuel synthesis process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The opening position of the water outlet steady flow barrel comprises a baffle. A conical slag stopping plate is arranged in front of a spout of the biogas discharging pipe. The water outlet device is symmetrically arranged on the tank body. The terminals of the water distribution pipe and the sludge discharging pipe are provided with elbows.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains manganese oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, rubidium oxide, cesium oxide, sodium oxide and/or lithium oxide. The catalyst system is single catalyst system comprising palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten, cobalt-tungsten, cerium-zirconium oxide, copper-zirconium oxide, hydrotalcite, niobium oxide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia, titania and/or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction with ketone is carried out at 150-400 degrees C, preferably 200-300 degrees C at pressure of 1-50, preferably 5-30 atmospheric pressure. The temperature during the manufacture of hydrocarbon is 80-500 degrees C, preferably 100-400 degrees C and hydrogen pressure of 5-50 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble liquid is nitric acid or ammonia solution. The ionized metal compound is boron compound chosen from borax, boric acid, boron trioxide and sodium borate. The liquid combustion catalyst composition further contains alkali metal compound. The alkali metal compound is chosen from hydroxide, carbonate and oxide of potassium, sodium and lithium. The soluble liquid further contains surfactant chosen from sorbitol and glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong base is potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide (preferred), strontium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. The catalyst used in step (b) is a metallic catalyst comprising platinum- or palladium-based catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: (I) is prepared by (a) condensation of 2-n-butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-5-nitrobenzofuran (II) with N,N-butyl-3-chloro-1-propanamine in water and in the presence of a strong base to form 2-n-butyl-3-(4-(3-di-n-butylaminopropoxy)benzoyl)-5-nitrobenzofuran (III), and (b) catalytic reduction of (III). The preparation of (I) further comprises: formation of an acid addition salt of (I), where the acid addition salt of (I) is formed with oxalic acid; and a step of neutralization. Preferred Components: The non-polar solvent is toluene. The dronedarone salt is a hydrochloride salt, which is obtained by reacting dronedarone with trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of water. ACTIVITY - Antiarrhythmic; Vasodilator.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 5-Amino-3-(4-(3-di-n-butylamino-propoxy)benzoyl)-2-n-butylbenzofuran (209.20 mmole) and toluene (1000 ml) were added in a round bottom flask (2 l) and heated at 110 degrees C. A solution of methane sulfonyl chloride (21.10 ml in 100 ml of toluene) (271.44 mmole) was added dropwise and heated to reflux for 3 hours. At the end of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 30 degrees C and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (500 ml) was added. The reaction mass was stirred for 10 minutes and toluene layer was separated. Toluene layer was washed with water (500 mlx 2) and dried over sodium sulfate (50 g) and concentrated to get dronedarone base as thick oil (110 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises: mixing the fuel composition with air to form an aerosol; combusting the fuel composition; requiring the emulsifier to include purified glyceryl monooleate; and requiring the ratio of active surfactant mixture of oleic acid and ammonium oleate to be 50:50. In the method (M2): the step of removing the protecting group includes acid hydrolysis, or formation and subsequent hydrolysis of a borate ester, where the acid hydrolysis is performed using acetic acid; and each of the steps is performed under an inert atmosphere containing nitrogen, and in the same reaction vessel. The method (M2) further comprises: purifying the fatty acid ester; and combining the fatty acid ester with a hydrocarbon fuel and a polar fluid to form an emulsion suitable for use as the fuel composition. Preferred Components: The fatty acid is unsaturated including arachidic, elaidic acid, erucic acid, gadoleic acid, margaroleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid or oleic acid. The polyol is a noncyclic polyol which is glycerol. The protecting group is acetone or benzaldehyde. EXAMPLE - Glyceryl monostearate (30 g) flake was placed in a 250 ml flask. Hydrous ethanol (10 g) was added and stirred. At room temperature, the two did not form a homogeneous solution. Upon gentle warming until the glyceryl monostearate melted (56 degrees C), the two components were mixed to give a homogeneous solution that remained clear upon addition of diesel fuel (60 g) while warm. The still warm clear homogeneous emulsion formed a dense white solid precipitate of glyceryl monostearate upon standing at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The separation unit is cyclone or sieve. The average particle diameter of coarse pulverized biomass is 4 mm or more. The biomass pulverization device further has a secondary separation unit for separating biomass feedstock into coarse powder and fine powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The separated duckweed is first fermented and then pulverized before the oil and radicalized sugar solution reagent is added. The fermentation steps (c) and (e) take place in the dark for at least 100 hours. Preferred Components: The solid carbon source is pulverized coal. The fluid carbon source is petroleum oils or vegetable oils. The ratio of duckweed feedstock to radicalized sugar solution reagent is 20 pbw of radicalized sugar solution reagent to 80 pbw of fermented pulverized duckweed feedstock. The sugar to hydrogen peroxide (x/y) ratio is more than 1 to provide a duckweed bio-synthetic fuel with unreacted sugars, which, when ignited, produces a longer more modulated flame. The sugar to hydrogen peroxide (x/y) ratio is less than 1 to provide a duckweed bio-synthetic fuel with unreacted hydrogen peroxide, which, when ignited, produces flash ignition. The sugar to hydrogen peroxide (x/y) ratio is 1 to provide a duckweed bio-synthetic fuel with reacted hydrogen peroxide and sugars, which, when ignited, produces more complete combustion. The duckweed contains 92-94% of water and has a solids content of 6-8% with the solids containing 5-15% of fiber content, 35-40% of protein content, 5-7% of fat content, and 11-18% of ash content. The aqueous growth media is wastewater, which the duckweed cleans as it grows to produce a treated wastewater and duckweed feedstock. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cathode and the anode both use the carbon cloth as the electrode material. The cathode is attached with the methane generating bacteria. The anode is attached with the anaerobic power generation bacteria; the cathode and the anode are connected with the external power supply by the titanium wire or the molybdenum wire. The reference electrode is a silver/silver chloride (saturated potassium chloride) reference electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolysis tank housing is made of the transparent organic glass, glass or quartz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 1.25-2 L of ammonia is dissolved per 100 g of solution obtained by mixing glycol-type alcohol, alcohol compoundable from biomass, and surfactant. The surfactant is chosen from 16C or more fatty acid, preferably palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, Paxene (RTM: paclitaxel), linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, tuberculostearic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, cerotic acid, montanic acid, or melesinic acid. The glycol-type alcohol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and/or polyethyleneglycol. Alcohol compoundable from biomass is alcohol compoundable from ethanol, methanol, propanol and/or butanol. The fuel oil is a heavy oil, gasoline, light oil, kerosene, vegetable oil, and/or biodiesel fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous body comprises at least one of nickel or ceramic. The porous body has a surface area of at least 800 m2/g. The mesoporous molecular sieve support is mobil crystalline material 41 or mesoporous silicate molecular sieve. The mesoporous molecular sieve support has a mean particle size of 80-200 nm. The noble metal is at least one of palladium, platinum (both preferred), ruthenium, rhodium, silver, osmium, iridium or gold. The noble metal (2-10 wt.% of the catalytic noble metal composition) is supported on the mesoporous molecular sieve support. The catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the porous body at 5-20 wt.% of the catalyst for ozone oxidation. In the process, the ozone oxidation catalyst has a first side and a second side when present in a reactor, and the pressure of the gas flow on the second side is within 30% of the pressure of the gas flow on the first side of the ozone oxidation catalyst and the pressure on the first side greater than on the second side in the reactor. Preferred Process: The process further comprises: removing 35-90% of the volatile organic compounds in the gas flow and where the passing includes passing the gas flow over the ozone oxidation catalyst at a space velocity of 10000-75000 hour-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filter has a substantially planar face that is arranged to be perpendicular to an air flow of the ambient gas or other gas passing over the filter. The thickness of the filter along a direction of flow of the ambient air or other gas through the reactor is 0.25-5 cm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The emulsifier is formed by mixing sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, absolute ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass fuel is sawdust containing cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin and waste generated in agriculture, forest, landscaping, building and industrial production. The biomass vinegar liquid is wood vinegar liquid, maize core vinegar liquid or weeds vinegar liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method: where molar ratio between N-ethoxyoxalyl-alanine ethyl ester, triethylamine, dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride is 1:3-6:0.05-0.3:1-2. The heating temperature is 75-85 degrees C for 5-8 hours. The alkali hydrolysis pH value is 12-13, pH value adjusted by sulfuric acid 2-2.5, and pH value adjusted by the alkali is 8-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and carbon disulfide aqueous solution is 30% and 98%, respectively. The molar ratio of sodium hydroxide, dimethylamine and carbon in the thiram is 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agricultural waste is straw, bean pulp or bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali system comprises an alkali, which is chosen from sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium isopropoxide, sodium hydride, metal sodium, sodium hydride, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium isopropoxide. The brominating agent is N-bromo succinimide or liquid bromine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is humic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The linear alkyl catabolic enzyme is fat catabolic enzyme. The C-C chemical bond breaking enzyme is benzene ring bond breaking enzyme. The biochemistry dispersing agent is dispersing agent 1-chloromethyl naphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The calamus is water grass and/or stone calamus. Preferred Method: The method involves composting the raw materials for 45-65 days, where the compost is turned using fingers and black liquid is discharged while composting the materials. The volume of the materials is reduced from 2/3 to 1/3. The obtained compost is brown or black brown in color. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer (65-70%) is applied on soil at a rate of 450-600 kg/mu during the tiller stage, as base fertilizer (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low proportion methanol gasoline additives comprises (in vol.%) ethanol (10 or 12), isopropyl alcohol (8, 15 or 12), tertiary butanol (2,5 or 3), benzene (10,5 or 7), dimethylbenzene (5,2 or 3), petroleum ether (10, 5 or 8), hydrogen peroxide (5,2 or 3), 3-ethyl toluene (5,3 or 4), isobutyl alcohol (5,10 or 8), ethyl ether (5,3 or 4), isoamyl alcohol (10 or 7), and no. 120 solvent oil (25, 30 or 29).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding biomass type household garbage to catalytic kettle, drying and crushing the product into mesh size of 20 or less meshes, adding plant humic substance, and polyacetal to the product, separating solid-liquid from the product, and preparing fulvic liquid fertilizer. The method involves adding solid-liquid mixture in acidic fertilizer, separating solid from the product, and drying the product to obtain humic acid solid fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves adding all the raw materials into stirrer, stirring for 260 minutes, crushing stirred raw material, adding and stacking mixture in fermentation tank, covering tightly with thick plastic cloth, subjecting to fermentation for 72 hours, performing first turning, adding excrement water uniformly in a ratio of 1:0.4, performing upward and downward turning, outer and inner turning, inward and outside turning, covering compactly using thick plastic cloth, subjecting to fermentation for 72 hours at more than 65 degrees C, performing turning once every 72 hours, adding excrement water during each turning process in a ratio of 1:0.4, performing turning as per need for five times to obtain fertilizer blocks having height of 12 cm and width of 8 cm, circular molding, pressing and compacting fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The adding amount of primer DL-arginine is 20-200 preferably 100 g/l. The adding amount of enzyme source is 500-2000 preferably 1000 U/l. The host bacterium of gene engineering recombinant bacterium expressing L-arginase is BL21. The expression vector is pET21a(+ )- Arg recombinant expression vector. Preferred Method: The conversion step is performed at 37 degrees C, pH of 10, for 24 hours. The spray dry solid enzyme preparation of gene engineering recombinant bacterium expressing L-arginase is prepared by using protecting agent consisting of defatted milk powder, sodium glutamate or Arabic gum with concentration of 100-200 g/l at entrance temperature at 140-180 degrees C, mist speed of 0.2-0.6 l/hour, and feeding bacterium concentration of 100-200 g/l. The spray drying condition is performed using 100 g/l defatted milk powder, sodium glutamate or Arabic gum at entrance temperature of 160 degrees C, mist speed of 0.4 l/hour, and feeding bacterium concentration of 100 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises recovering lipids or hydrocarbons contained or excreted by microalgae. The microalgae are Botryococcus braunii, and Botryococcus sudeticus species. Preferred Components: The light supply is discontinuous. The light supply is more than 40, preferably more than 50 mu mole/m2/s. The hydrocarbons contained or excreted by microalgae comprise Botryococcenes. The culture medium is minimal medium comprising a carbon substrate. The carbon substrate comprises acetate, glucose, cellulose, starch, lactose, sucrose or glycerol. The light supply is carried out in the form of flash. The flashing comprises successive phases of illumination of a duration of 5 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 20 seconds to 1 minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cellulose containing waste material is a used paper. The concentration of cysteine in the reaction system is 0.025-0.25 wt.%. The reaction system has a pH of 5-8. The concentration of cellulose containing waste material in a reaction system is 0.5-7 wt.%. Preferred Organism: The ruminant is a cow. Preferred Method: The method involves reacting ruminant fluid with cellulose containing waste material in an anaerobic condition and in a closed system in nitrogen or a hydrogen atmosphere. The method involves producing an anaerobic condition by coexisting the combination of 1 type of a compound which has a reduction effect selected from sodium sulfide, ascorbic acid, chosen from methionine, thioglycolic acid, DTT, and cysteine to the reaction system. The method involves maintaining a reaction system at 30-45 degrees C. The method involves generating acetic acid having a concentration of 10 g/l or more (reaction liquid). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the formula: the HDS is present for at least 40 wt.%, preferably 40-50 wt.% that is essentially a mixture of decalin and tetralin; the LDS is present at 45-60 wt.% and the additives is present at 0-5 wt.%; distillation temperatures, isopropyl benzene (IPB), fire behavior prediction (FBP), residue and loss are at least in compliance with specification norms; a flash point is sufficiently high to promote safety during fueling operations and compliance with fuel specifications; a joint fuel density is neither too low nor too high but at mid-point of jet and diesel fuel specifications; the joint fuel freezing point is below jet and diesel fuel requirements; the joint fuel viscosity is acceptable at both low and ambient temperatures; the joint fuel heat of combustion and hydrogen content is at least equal to jet fuel requirements; cetane index and number meets diesel specification requirements without need to use additive cetane enhancers; and the joint fuel conductivity and lubricity does not rely on sulfur compounds to meet jet and diesel fuel specifications. The joint fuel: is of acceptable appearance, color and acidity and the joint fuel system O-rings swells without adding unsaturated aromatics and is compatible with jet and diesel engine fuel systems and is interchangeable with petroleum fuel; is a cleaner burning and lower in sulfur than conventional petroleum jet or diesel fuel; and meets known military and commercial jet and diesel fuel specifications. The HDS is derived from low temperature carbonization, and the LDS is obtained by gasification coupled with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are synergistically blended or co-produced. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrothermal processing conditions include: a temperature of 150-500 degrees C and a pressure of 4.5-300 barg; and a partial pressure of reducing gas of at least 2 bar, where the reducing gas is hydrogen. In the process (I), contacting the algae based feed with water under hydrothermal processing conditions substantially does not result in a phase change for the water. In the process, the metal catalyst is dissolved in the water. The process further comprises separating the hydrocarbon liquid product to produce a fraction having at least 90 wt.% of its boiling range of 193-360 degrees C. In the process (II), the sulfided metal catalyst forms part of the solids portion, the sulfided metal catalyst is separated from the solids portion by filtration. The process (III) further comprises introducing an additional portion of the metal catalyst into the reaction zone. The biomass feed and aqueous recycle stream are combined prior to being introduced into the reaction zone. Preferred Components: The dissolved metal catalyst is a metal salt containing cobalt, molybdenum, chromium and/or manganese. The dissolved metal catalyst is a biocompatible material, where the metal comprises iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum and/or copper. The metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor is a metal salt containing molybdenum and/or cobalt. The weight ratio of water to algae is 3:1-5:1. The catalyst particles are present at 0.1-5 wt.% based on weight of the algae. The sulfiding agent is hydrogen sulfide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multivalent metal comprises calcium, magnesium and/or iron. Preferred Method: The multivalent metal is added to the biomass feed in a reaction zone for the contacting of the biomass feed with water under effective hydrothermal conditions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating the hydrocarbon liquid product to produce a fraction having at least 90 wt.% of its boiling of 193-360 degrees C. The step of separating the multiphase product to produce a solids portion comprises separating the multi-phase product to produce a catalyst portion and an algae-based solids portion, where the algae-based solids portion includes at least 80% of the phosphorus content of the biomass feed and includes a majority of the multivalent metal. The step of recycling phosphorus from the solids portion comprises: extracting phosphorus from the solids portion to form phosphorus based nutrient or nutrient precursor; and introducing the phosphorus based nutrient or nutrient precursor into the algae growth process. Preferred Components: The biomass feed comprises algae. The weight ratio of water to algae is 2:1-10:1, preferably 3:1-5:1. The effective hydrothermal treatment conditions include a temperature of 150-500 (preferably 250-375) degrees C, and a pressure of 25-300 barg (2.5-30 MPag). The effective hydrothermal treatment conditions include hydrothermal treatment in the presence of a catalyst, where the process is carried out at 45-90 minutes, 30-60 minutes or 15-30 minutes at the temperature is 250-300 degrees C, 275-325 degrees C or 300-350 degrees C. The phosphorus to carbon molar ratio of the solids portion is at least 0.2. The solids portion includes at least 90% of the phosphorus content of the biomass feed and its phosphorus to carbon molar ratio is at least 0.25. The phosphorus based nutrient or nutrient precursor is phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The quick-acting nutrient fertilizer is present at 27-29 pbm, where the quick-acting nutrient fertilizer comprises urea (7-9 pbm), monoammonium phosphate (17-19 pbm) and potassium sulfate (3.5-4.5 pbm). The slow-release nutrient fertilizer is present at 36-38 pbm, where the slow-release nutrient fertilizer comprises urea (7-9 pbm), potassium sulfate (9-11 pbm) and weathered coal (18-20 pbm). The organic nutrient fertilizer is present at 34-36 pbm. The oil residue is the residual after extruding and degumming the raw materials to produce edible oil by the pressing technique through the oil pressing factory, where the residual is soybean oil residue, peanut oil residue, cottonseed oil residue or rapeseed oil residue. Preferred Method: The method comprises uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the ground before seeding, rolling over in the soil, and ditching to use before sprouting in each spring. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of (I) is 100-200 kg (claimed), by any suitable route.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in kg): quick-acting nutrient fertilizer (28); slow-release nutrient fertilizer (37); and organic nutrient fertilizer (35).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The compost fermentation device and the biogas fermentation device are respectively equipped with temperature sensors which are connected a compressor power supply controller.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel further comprises a fuel additive comprising lubricity improvers, antioxidants, thermal stability improvers, cetane improvers, stabilizers, cold flow improvers, combustion improvers, antifoams, antihaze additives, corrosion inhibitors, icing inhibitors, injector cleanliness additives, smoke suppressants, drag reducing additives, metal deactivators, dispersants, detergents, demulsifiers, dyes, markers, static dissipaters and/or biocides. The fuel further comprises the fuel component comprising diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, gasoline, heating oil, fuel oil and/or bunker oil. The fuel and fuel additive each further comprises higher alcohols comprising: a hexanol (0.1-6 vol.%); a heptanol (0.1-6 vol.%); and an octanol (0.1-6 vol.%). Preferred Components: The pentanol is 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol and/or 2-methyl-2-butanol. The butanol is n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol and/or tert-butanol. The propanol is n-propanol and/or isopropanol. The amount of the pentanol is more than 15 vol.% or more than 30 vol.%. The hexanol is 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and/or 3-hexanol. The heptanol is 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol and/or 4-heptanol. The octanol is 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol and/or 4-octanol. The fuel component is derived from petroleum or coal. The amount of the fuel additive is 1-35 vol.%. The fuel component further comprises methanol and/or ethanol. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in vol.%): methanol (0-3); ethanol (0-3); propanol (0-5); butanol (40-75); pentanol (10-25); hexanol (1-5); heptanol (1-5); and octanol (1-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biodiesel is produced at 110-150 degrees C. The lactic acid produced during the hydrothermal reaction (4) is separated from the reaction system. The hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 280-330 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The conversion unit converts the fatty acid alkyl ester product stream into a biodiesel meeting or exceeding biodiesel standard ASTM D6751.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises methanol. The fatty acid alkyl ester product stream comprises fatty acid methyl ester. The biodiesel contains total glycerin (0-0.20 wt.%) and sulfur (0-500 ppm). The fatty acid feedstock comprises fatty acids ( greater than or equal to 99%) consisting of decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, eicosanoic acid and isostearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The biocomponent feed comprises a vegetable fat or oil, an animal fat or oil, a fish fat or oil, pyrolysis oil and algae oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst support comprises titania, zirconia, silica, vanadia, manganese oxide, cerium oxide, activated carbon, magnesium oxide and/or hydrotalcite, and is free of alumina. The metal component comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and/or iridium. The catalyst particle comprises potassium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, activated carbon, an oxidized metal, magnesium oxide and/or hydrotalcite on the support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The conditions of temperature, pressure and gas hourly space velocity include at least one of a temperature of 200-450 degrees C, a pressure of 200-4000 psig (1.38-24.58 MPa) or a gas hourly space velocity of 300-25000/hour. Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises a mixture of at least two Anderson-type heteropoly compound catalysts, where in the first catalyst M1 is rhodium and in the second catalyst M1 is cobalt, iridium, copper, nickel palladium, zinc, aluminum, iron, chromium or ruthenium. The catalyst further comprises at least one catalyst support comprising silica, alumina, titania, tungsten oxide, zirconia, magnesia and/or zinc oxides, and modified support comprising zirconia-modified silicas and aluminas, magnesium aluminates, zinc aluminates or magnesium modified silicas and aluminas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide has a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of 10:1-1:10. The mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen further comprises an olefin, where the olefin is ethylene. Preferred Definitions:    M1 = Co and Pd, Co and Rh, Al and Rh, Co and Al, Cu and Co, or Zn and Co; and    y = 6.    EXAMPLE - Decamolybdodicobaltate (III) catalyst (1.5 g) was placed in the center of a stainless steel reactor mounted vertically in a furnace. The catalyst was pre-treated at 330 degrees C for 4 hours. After pretreatment, the lower reactor temperature was reduced to 270 degrees C, with a gas flow of 300 scm3/minute of syngas and then the reactor pressurized to 1500 psig. Then syngas (carbon monoxide to hydrogen (1:1)) from compressed gas cylinders via an activated carbon purifier was transferred to the reactor.
ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant; Endocrine-Gen.; Cytostatic; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antibacterial; Virucide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water pump stirrer located at the top fermentation tank is meant for stirring mash liquid in the fermentation tank by pressure of the inlet/outlet water, and hence to ensure uniform fermentation. A sensing switch of the temperature control sensor located at the top of the fermentation tank is serially connected with a power supply switch of the hot water pump. The switch of the sensor automatically closes the power supply switch of the hot water pump to stop hot water supply and cut off the heat source when the temperature reaches the predetermined temperature. The sensor automatically starts the power supply switch of the hot water pump to continuously supply the hot water and to allow the heating device to heat so that the temperature control requirement is achieved when the temperature in the fermentation tank is lower than the predetermined temperature. The outlet of the U-shaped overflow tube provided at upper portion of the fermentation tank is lower than the inlet of the overflow tube, when the liquid in the fermentation tank is higher than the inlet of the overflow tube, the upper liquid and floating debris automatically flow outwards. The sphere shaped fermentation tank withstands high pressure and saves building material. The bottom of the fermentation tank is inclined, thus is convenient to discharge the precipitate at the bottom of the fermentation tank to the sedimentation tank. The bottom of the sedimentation tank is inclined. The bottom of the slag pumping tube is provided with a high-pressure water tube. The outlet of the high-pressure water tube corresponds to the bottom position of the slag pumping tube, thus is convenient to pump the precipitate at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrotreated catalyst is cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, zinc, antimony, bismuth, cerium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, rhenium, iron, platinum, iridium, palladium, osmium, rhodium and/or ruthenium, or cobalt/molybdenum, cobalt/tungsten, nickel/molybdenum, nickel/tungsten, titanium/molybdenum, titanium/tungsten, cobalt/molybdenum/tungsten, nickel/molybdenum/tungsten, and/or titanium/molybdenum/tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The reaction temperature is 300-850 degrees F. The reaction pressure is 100-3000 psig. The biomass derived polyol is glycol, glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, xylitol, allitol, dulcitol, galactitol, iditol, mannitol, sorbitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol and/or trehalose. The biomass derived oils and fatty materials are vegetable oil, yellow grease and/or animal fats. The fuel oil feedstock is chosen from jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, light cycle oil, vacuum gas oil, heating oil, petro-diesel, bio-diesel, synthetic diesel and/or blended diesel. The feedstock (A) contains 0.1-100% of oils and fatty material. The feedstock (B) contains 0.1-95% of polyols in water. The ratio of feedstock (A) and feedstock (B) is 0.1-99.9:99.1-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-catalytic reducing agent having the amino group is an element having the amino group. Preferred Composition: 0.1-20 wt.% of the wood powder is selectively added to the non-catalytic reducing agent having the amino group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cassava waste in the step (a) is a residue obtained during starch processing. The crushing is carried out until the granularity of the particle after sieving is less than 3 mm. The boiling is carried out at 85-95 degrees C for 0.5-2.5 hours. The stirring speed is 1000-1500 revolutions per minute. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of cassava residue and water in the step (b) is 1:10-1:20. The concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1-3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The valsartan reactant is (S)-methyl 2-(N-((2'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoate, (2S)-methyl 2-(N-((2'-(1,6-dihydropentazin-6-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoate and (2S)-2-(N-((2'-(1,6-dihydropentazin-6-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)pentanamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid. The high-boiling-point ether solvent is used during the step (i) and comprises dipropylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, or diethylene glycol butyl ether, where the reaction temperature is 160-180 degrees C, and the reaction time is 5-7 hours. Preferred Method: The saponification temperature in the step (ii) is 60-65 degrees C, and the saponification time is 5-6 hours, where the concentrated hydrochloric acid is directly used for treating during the crystallization process, and the solvent used while extracting the product is chloromethane, e.g. methylchloride and dichloromethane, and the chloromethane is directly concentrated thoroughly with a reduced pressure at a temperature not greater than 30 degrees C. The ester and water are used in the step (iii) as the mixed solvent for purifying the valsartan crude product, and the temperature is directly and slowly reduced to 0-5 degrees C during the crystallization process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (d) further comprises post-processing step comprising adding the filtrate with ammonia solution, extracting organic layer, adjusting pH of the ammonia solution to 7-9 by acetic acid, extracting with ethyl acetate or methylbenzene, drying, filtering and condensing to obtain oily matters, and salifying with sodium hydroxide to obtain esomeprazole sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The plasmid is obtained by screening laboratory automatic establishment industrial waste gas biological purifying microorganism resource library. Preferred Method: The degradation is carried out at 28-32 degrees C and pH 6.8-7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material is crude oil or acidified crude oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desiccant comprises inorganic agent. The inorganic agent is chosen from calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hemihydrate, calcium aluminate, calcium phosphate and calcium sulfoaluminate. Preferred Method: The amount of the dessicant added is 0.086-2.35 of the amount of dewatered sludge quality, where the amount of the dried granular sludge is 0.60-0.99 and quicklime is 0.01-0.35. The method involves mixing the dried granular sludge with the inorganic agent, drying mixture, circulating portion of the mixture to the step (a), and obtaining rest of the dry granular sludge as finished sludge through the output system. The method involves drying the granular sludge to obtain granular sludge with water content of 10-35%. The drying processes are performed using hot air at 20-99 degrees C. The method involves stacking, turning and fermenting the sludge to obtain organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves stirring all raw materials together in stirrer for 260 minutes, adding 2% of granule to pulverizer to crush, then taking all pouring into a fermenting tank stacked, tightly covering compacting by thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting at more than 65 degrees C for 36 hours, turning the fermented materials with addition of excrement (1:0.5), where the turning process is performed upwards, inward and downward for 5 times, grinding fermented nutrient fertilizer (200 wt.%) and molding by a molding machine to a height of 15 cm, and width of 10 cm in the form of cylindrical nutrition fertilizer column, where the nutrition fertilizer column is pressed and compacted, and it is not easy to be broken by hand, processing the fermented mixture into a mode hard particle machine to produce hard granule, and sieving with 100 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes diluted acid chosen from diluted hydrochloric acid or diluted sulfuric acid. The method utilizes drying agent chosen from anhydrous sodium sulfate or anhydrous calcium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A catalyst is used in the first reaction step. The method utilizes water separating agent comprising methyl tertiary butyl ether or cyclohexane and catalyst comprising pyridine acetate. The method utilizes alcohol solvent chosen from isopropanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, methanol or absolute ethyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sodium hydroxide solution is present at 30-50 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: From the kitchen garbage, plastic bag, plastic bottles and other waste materials are removed. The crushed kitchen garbage and the crushed wood powder or plant straw powders are sieved to obtain 1-1.5 cm mesh size particles. The mixture is obtained by mixing (in %mass): kitchen garbage (60-80), wood powder or straw powder (20-40), limestone powder (0.8-1.5) and water (60-65). The mixture is sterilized by adding dried mixture (0.3-0.6 kg) in bag and sterilizing the bag using high-pressure steam sterilizer or normal pressure steam sterilizer. The sterilized mixture is cooled to 30 degrees C and the edible fungi (8-12) are inoculated in the mixture. The inoculated fungi are maintained in dark room at 13-25 degrees C for low temperature fungi strain and at 30 degrees C for high temperature fungi strain and relative humidity of 40-70% and providing ventilation during fungal germination. The bag is transferred to mushroom room after the formation of mycelium, where relative humidity is maintained at 70-95%, 500-800 lux of light irradiation is provided, 8-12 V temperature difference is maintained in nighttime and daytime and 0-13 degrees C temperature is maintained for 7-10 days to enable fruiting of partial low temperature edible fungi. The waste mushroom sticks are recycled by collecting edible fungi from the bag, removing waste mushroom stick from the bag and crushing the waste mushroom stick in crusher.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The potassium salt comprises (in parts weight) monopotassium phosphate (5-15), potassium sulfate (5-15) and potassium nitrate (5-15). The fertilizer comprises sodium (10-25) and humate (10-15). The sulfate comprises calcium sulfate (0.1-1), magnesium sulfate (0.1-1) and zinc sulfate (0.1-2). The organic material is organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer further comprises 30% of sheep manure, dairy manure, fermented chicken manure, bean pulp, vinasse and methane gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the pulverized coal ash, wheat straw, urea, ammonium nitrate and magnesium chloride is (80-120):(20-30):(3-5):(1-3):(0.5-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred component: The vehicle fuel oil further comprises (in volume %) petrol (0.1-90) that is clean petrol or lead-free petrol. The additive comprises (in volume %) N,N'-disalicylo propylenediamine (0.001-0.2), antioxygen butylated hydroxytoluene (0.050.1), ferrocene (0.01-0.2), ceres red (0.002-0.1), cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (0.05-0.2), dimethyl ether (0.07-4), ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (0.01-0.52), higher fatty alcohol (0.03-0.2), dimethyl phosphate (0.024-0.3), cyclohexane (0.0013-0.15), butanone (0.01-0.15), octane (0.002-0.15), ethyl acetate (0.001-0.15), zinc peroxide (0.012-0.5) or ethylene glycol diethyl ether (0.001-0.15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transforming substrate is pagodatree pod leaching liquid or pagodatree pod or pagodatree pod powder obtained by crushing pagodatree pod. The pagodatree pod leaching liquid is extraction liquid is 10%. The concentration of genistin is 0.1-9%. The concentration of genistein is 0.01-2.5%. The inoculation quantity in transformation system is 0.1-10% of the volume of the transforming substrate; or quantity of added bacterial powder quantity is 0.01-20 wt.% of the substrate; or quantity of added enzyme is 0.01-15 wt.% of the substrate. The transformation temperature is 5-55 degrees C, where transformation time is 0.5 hours to 5 days. The pH value of transformation system is 2.0-10.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The deodorizer comprises a sprinkler and a filling layer, where the sprinkler is connected to the output port of the pre-heater, and the filler layer is set at the top of second condenser. The steam input port is set on the filler layer and the second condenser. The filler layer comprises a first filler layer and the second filler layer, where the first filler layer is arranged above the second filler layer, and the layers are further provided with a re-distributor. The steam input port is set on the second filling layer and the second condenser. The deodorizer is provided with a baffle plate. The first receiving tank is further provided with a vacuum interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A heating device (4) is connected between the raw material tank and the reaction tank through pipeline. The material inlet and a pollution discharge opening are provided with an electromagnetic valve I through the pipeline. An electromagnetic valve II is provided between the raw material tank and the heating device through pipeline connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrients include nitrogen and phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - High and low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene are used as the plastic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The surface environment is an animal enclosure containing animal waste or being susceptible to accumulation of animal waste, where the animal waste comprises an ammonia-generating component. The animal enclosure is closed or open to the external environment. The animal enclosure houses at least one domesticated animal comprising birds and/or mammals. The surface environment comprises at least one of a soil surface and a hard surface onto which the liquid is applied. The surface environment further comprises an animal bedding material on the soil surface or the hard surface. The Bacillus spores comprise Bacillus subtilis that metabolize ammonia. The Bacillus spores further comprise at least one ammonia-metabolizing Bacillus comprising Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid neutralized by the ammonia and any additional optional base have a pH of 5-10. Preferred Components: The base is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, alkaline soil, sodium phosphate (dibasic salt) and/or a glycine salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises at least partially neutralizing the liquid of step (a) with a base. Preferred Components: The organic acids consist essentially of acetic acid. The pH of the liquid in step (a) is 3.8-4.2. The organic acids in the liquid of step (a) are at a total concentration of 1-5%. The acetic acid in the liquid from step (a) is: from a fermentation process to produce vinegar; and present at 20% acetic acid vinegar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The high concentration carbon dioxide which is generated at a thermal power station or a factory is supplied to a culture unit. The carbon dioxide which is generated by the residue process unit of the residue after separating and extracting a useful component is supplied to a culture unit. A culture unit is water tank or pond of an open pound system. The solid-liquid separation unit is a precoat type rotating-drum apparatus (20). The useful component extraction unit of the useful component from a solid portion consists of extracting device and purifier of a fuel oil. The residue process unit of an extracted residue consists of a methane fermentation apparatus (51), and return of the component mineralized or solubilized is performed as return of the digestive liquid after methane fermentation. Energy required for the driving each unit is covered with a portion of biofuel extracted by the extracting device and purifier of the fuel oil or with biogas produced with the methane fermentation apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The residue formed during thermal decomposition process is used as fuel for thermal decomposition process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation: (Claimed): The microorganism is isolated from fat and oil containing wastewater or soil sample. Preferred Microorganism: The lipolytic microbe is capable of growing in acidic minimal medium which contains fats and oils as sole carbon source. The lipolytic microbe has proteolytic ability. Preferred Method: The method further involves reducing the content of proteins in the wastewater. SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - The microorganism is Burkholderia sp. AcL3-1 deposited as FERM P-2195 or Burkholderia sp. AcL13-2 deposited as FERM P-21953 (claimed).    EXAMPLE - Soil and grease trap wastewater samples were collected, added to culture medium (pH 5) comprising (in g): yeast extract (1), ammonium sulfate (5), magnesium sulfate (1), olive oil (10) and distilled water (1 l) and cultured. Then, cloudy culture samples were recovered and subcultured for 5 times and enrichment culture was performed. The culture solution containing lipolytic microbe was coated on agar medium containing fats and oils and indicator, and lipolytic microbe colonies was selected and isolated. Then, the colonies were further isolated on nutrient agar and two Burkholderia sp. strains AcL3-1 and AcL13-2 were isolated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Pressurized ammonia gas is supplied to a pressure vessel in which solid biomass is injected, and solid biomass is contacted with ammonia gas. Water concentration of solid biomass is 30-95 %mass and water concentration of ammonia gas is 10 %mass or less. Ammonia gas is contacted with solid biomass at 0.5-4 MPa. The temperature of solid biomass is 50-200 degrees C, before pressure-reduction. The pressure is rapidly reduced in the state in which solid biomass blasts. The pressure is reduced to lower than atmospheric pressure. The solid biomass from which ammonia gas is separated is dried by heating (FF). Ammonia adsorbed in solid biomass is separated and recovered. The solid biomass is biomass containing cellulose or biomass containing starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The waste liquid contains 0.01-10 %mass of phenol, and has pH of 6 or less. The content of waste liquid is 5-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of dewatered cake. The waste liquid contains waste liquid generated at the manufacturing plant of chemical product, waste liquid generated at the manufacturing plant of pharmaceutical intermediate, waste liquid generated at the manufacturing plant of tar, and waste liquid generated in petrochemical field.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Phenol in waste liquid is phenol, o-cresol, m-phenol, and/or p-cresol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron oxide and/or iron oxide hydroxide is alpha -iron oxide hydroxide. The agent comprises less than or equal to 120 ppm of nickel, less than or equal to 1.5 ppm of cadmium, less than or equal to 2 ppm of chromium(VI), less than or equal to 1 ppm of thallium and less than or equal to 1 ppm of perfluorinated surfactant. The agent has a specific Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface of less than 50 m2/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical agent composition comprised of in : alpha -iron oxide hydroxide(51.8 wt.%); arsenic (12 mg/kg); cadmium (less than 0.1 mg/kg); copper (68 mg/kg); mercury (less than 0.2 mg/kg); nickel (17 mg/kg); lead (2 mg/kg); and thallium (less than 1 mg/kg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Each biphenyl benzyl ether marker compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.05 ppm to 20 ppm. Preferred Definitions:    G=represents hydrogen or at least one substituent selected from 1-6C alkyl and 1-6C alkoxy; two or three substituents selected from 1-6C alkyl; two or three substituents selected from 1-4C alkyl; or two or three methyl groups or two or three ethyl groups.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The soil is a moist soil including the organic material or the soil around the tofu wastewater outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reaction chamber and the internal baffle(s) are formed of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The restraining baffles are formed of a polymeric material, preferably polypropylene or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The heating temperature in the container is maintained between less than the boiling point of special water to more than 80 degrees C. The liparite contains obsidian, pearlite and/or pitchstone. Preferred Process: At least one type of metal chosen from aluminum, stainless steel and silver is mixed with tourmaline to obtain special water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel additive is used in combination with an amine. The amine is bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oleyl amine. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): Ethomeen 0/12 (RTM: Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oleyl amine) (1); and rape methyl ester (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The separator comprises the first electrode. The separator further comprises a dielectric material. The separator comprises the first electrode and the first electrode comprises a first conductive material proximal to the source of electrical current and a dielectric material distal to the source of electrical current, where the first electrode further comprises a second conductive material proximal to the dielectric material and distal to the source of electrical current. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to allow the polarity of the first electrode and the second electrode to reverse. The electrolytic cell is pressurized. The first electrode comprises a spring structure for vibration to promote release of nucleated gas from the electrodes. The first electrode is configured to vibrate at a rate to promote circulation of the electrolyte. The electrolytic cell further comprises: a microorganism, where the separator substantially retains the microorganism in a desired location; and a detector for detecting chemically active substances, enzymes or microorganisms and an adaptive controller coupled to the detector, where the detector detects at least one of pressure, temperature or pH. The adaptive controller optimizes the electrolytic cell operation based on the detected pressure, temperature, pH or enzyme level. In the electrolytic cell at least one of the first or the second electrode comprises surface treated carbon for enhancing retention of the microorganism. The separator comprises at least two stacked plates, where each stacked plate comprises two inclined surfaces forming a V shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Inoculum comprises (pts. wt.): Serratia plymuthica fermentation liquid (13-19), Sphingomonas trueperi fermentation liquid (18-24), and Alcaligenes sp. fermentation liquid (53-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Fermentation is done at 30-40 degrees C for 8 days. The drying and baking is performed in auto-controlled baking kiln.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The manufacturing method further involves adding organic solvent and/or preferably water used for biomass by which ammoniation is carried out in wet-grinding process between ammonia treatment process and wet-grinding process. Preferred Parameter: The mass (D) of water and/or organic solvent and dry mass (C) of biomass by which ammoniation is carried out in wet-grinding process satisfy formula 5 less than or equal to (C divide by (C+D))x 100 less than or equal to 67.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pressure in the reaction kettle is 2-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixing time of the mixture at room temperature is not less than 30 minutes or 90-180 minutes. The step (d) further comprises applying an external force to the mixture to agitate it. The step (d) is followed by a step of adding a non-solvent to precipitate the polypeptide chloride. The reaction in the step (d) is performed at room temperature. Preferred Components: The amount of sodium hypochlorite added to the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is 5-130 (preferably 35-50) weight parts, based on 100 weight parts of the total amount of the polypeptide compound in the aqueous polypeptide solution. The polypeptide chloride has 0.3-15 wt.% of the N-halamine group. The antimicrobial agent contains not greater than 100 ppm or 100-10000 ppm (preferably 200-10000 ppm) of the N-halamine group. The mixture has a pH of 6-8. The mixture further comprises a pH buffer agent. The pH buffer agent is an aqueous phosphoric acid solution, aqueous ammonium chloride solution, aqueous acetic acid solution, aqueous sodium hydrogen phosphate solution, aqueous disodium hydrogen phosphate solution and/or aqueous benzoic acid solution. The non-solvent is isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, acetone and/or acetonitrile. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide; Virucide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Polyglutamic acid (10 g) was placed into a 250 ml one-necked flask, and purified water (90 ml) was added to dissolve it, to get an aqueous polyglutamic acid solution. Then aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution (4 g, 12.65 wt.%) was added to form a mixture. The mixture was continuously stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reacted mixture was placed in a separating funnel to precipitate the polyglutamic acid chloride with isopropanol, which was separated from the funnel and dried in a vacuum oven, to obtain dried polyglutamic acid chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode is made of metal which is selected from nickel, ruthenium, iridium, titanium, tin, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, iron, manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has weight average molecular weight above 105000 or above 150000 or below 10 million. The polymer has ethylene oxide content above 70 wt.%. Preferred Components: The poly(ethylene oxide) groups comprise up to 22 consecutive ethylene oxide repeat units. The side chains (a) comprise at least 3 ethylene oxide units. Side chains (a) are terminated by 1-4C-alkoxy groups; and side chains (b) are terminated by (meth)acryl groups. The backbone is substantially free from pendant side chains other than side chains (a) and (b). The side chains (a) comprise on average at least 8 ethylene oxide units. Preferred Process: Specifically, preparing membrane comprises: (a) providing a composition comprising the polymer; (b) applying the composition to a support; (c) polymerizing the composition, thus forming a cured polymer; (d) optionally washing and/or drying the polymer film; and (e) optionally removing the polymer film from the support. The composition is applied to the support at a coating speed of at least 5 m/minute. The process is performed on a continuous basis using a moving support. Curing is performed by exposing the polymer to radiation for less than 3 seconds. Preferred Cartridge: The cartridge is in spiral-wound, plate-and-frame or envelope form. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The multi-strain complex micro-organisms comprise (in wt. %) actinomycete (2-6), Bacillus licheniformis (16-20), Bacillus pumilus (3-7), Pseudomonas (1-5), Cytophaga fermentans (4- 11), Aeromonas (8-15), Photosynthetic bacteria (3-10), Basidiomycetes (6-14), Cellulomonas flavigena (5-9), Bacillus pantothenticus (2.5-5), Bacillus magaterium (7-11), thermophilic actinomycetes (11-15), yeast (13-19), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9-14), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (4-10), Lactobacillus acidophilus (2.5-6) and/or Serratia (3-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The hot processing temperature is 80-85 degrees C for 20-30 minutes. The sludge domesticating time lasts for 20-30 hours. The fermentation time is 12-20 hours. The residual tail material after producing hydrogen by fermenting is processed by separating solid and liquid of the residual tail material, distilling the solid slag at 500-600 degrees C in anoxic condition to prepare calcium silicon biological carbon soil; and the liquid is used as the external carbon source in the denitrification process in the treatment of municipal sewage. The dewatered sludge is sludge obtained by dewatering by a belt filter, and water rate is 80-85 wt.%. Preferred Component: The water in the dewatered sludge is 80-85 wt.%. The concentration of amylaceum in the dewatered sludge is 1-4 wt.%. The concentration of peptone in the dewatered sludge is 0.5-1.5 wt.%. The mass ratio of dewatered sludge to kitchen waste is 0.5-1:1. The mass ratio of paper marking white clay to kitchen waste is 3-9:100, preferably 4-7:100. The kitchen waste comprises leftovers dropped by homes and eating and drinking departments and kitchen waste and used carbohydrate as main content. The water rate is 85-90%. The volatile organic compound content is 85-95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfur compound is hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ion (S2-). Preferred Property: The aqueous alkali solution has pH of 8-13.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon compound is chosen from biomass, biomass-derived hydrocarbon compound and oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound, preferably biomass-derived oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound, more preferably 2-4C alcohol or saccharide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises CT17 beta -GFP strain cultivating and preparing by inoculating to liquid Luria Bertani culture medium at 1:50 ratio at 27 degrees C constant temperature and 180-200 revolutions/s for 12 hours; inoculating CT17 beta -GFP strain at 1:50 ratio into organic pollutant low-nutrient culture medium at 20-27 degrees C constant temperature and 180-200 revolutions/s shaking culture; sampling 3 ml at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours; spectrophotometric measuring optical density (OD)595 value; centrifuging sample at 3000-5000 revolutions/5-10 minutes; taking the supernatant; and using HPLC to measure the residual amount of organic pollutant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer has average molecular weight of 5000-500000. The polymer has pores having diameter of 2-10 nm. Preferred Composition: The gas-storage material further contains electrospinning fiber having diameter of 200 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of oleic acid and methanol is 1:5-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing straw residues with anaerobic reactor residues to obtain bio-organic fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor material with sunlight response is calcium ferrite, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide or doped titanium dioxide. The electrolyte solution is sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The anode substrate is carbon felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, glass carbon, carbon black or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sewage including organic pollutant is the waste water including biologically degradable organic matter, such as acetate, glucose, starch, ammonia, nitrogen and protein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The post-treatment of the step (i), comprises reducing pressure and evaporating superfluous phosphorus oxychloride after finishing the reaction, then slowly adding obtained residue to cold water, adjusting pH value to 9-10, generating more amount of solid in solution, performing vacuum filtration, rinsing the filter cake by using dichloromethane or toluene, combining filtrate and layering, then washing obtained water layer with dichloromethane or toluene, adjusting pH value of the water layer to 1-2 and separating precipitated solid to obtain 6-chloropurine. The post-treatment of the step (i), comprises reducing pressure and evaporating superfluous phosphorus oxychloride after finishing the reaction, then slowly adding obtained residue to cold water, adjusting pH value to 9-10, generating more amount of solid in solution, performing vacuum filtration, rinsing the filter cake by using dichloromethane or toluene, combining filtrate and layering, then washing obtained water layer with dichloromethane or toluene, where the water layer is alkaline solution of 6-chloropurine, which is directly used in the reaction of the step (ii). The step (i), where 9H-purin-6-yl acetate is a by-product obtained during production of tetraacetylribose, molar ratio between 9H-purin-6-yl acetate, phosphorus oxychloride and N,N-dimethylaniline is 1:5-10:1-3, and the reaction is performed at 90-110 degrees C (preferably 105-110 degrees C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is erlotinib. The organic solvent is non-proton polar solvent, which is acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide and/or N,N-dimethylformamide. The organic alkali is 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene, triethylamine and/or n-butyllithium, where use amount of the organic alkali is 1-100 times of molar amount of the (II). The peptide condensing agent is benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, 2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate and/or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, where use amount of the peptide condensing agent is 1-10 times of the molar amount of (II). Preferred Method: The method, where use amount of (III) is 1-10 times of the molar amount of (II), the reaction temperature is -20 to 180 degrees C (preferably 20-120 degrees C), and the reaction time stops at the end of the reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is 3-chloro-4-(3-fluoro-benzyloxy)-aniline. The organic alkali is triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. Preferred Method: The preparation of 3-chloro-4-(3-fluoro-benzyloxy)-aniline comprises mixing ortho-dichlorobenzene with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, reacting to obtain 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, adding 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and (3-fluorophenyl)methanol to 2,5-dimethyl furan, adding sodium hydride and reacting to obtain dichloro-1-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)-4-nitrobenzene, mixing dichloro-1-(3-fluoro-benzyloxy)-4-nitrobenzene with ammonium chloride, ferrous powder and water, and reacting. The preparation of (3-fluorophenyl)methanol comprises mixing 3-fluorobenzaldehyde and sodium borohydride in methanol, reacting, extracting and drying. In the preparation of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, the reaction temperature is 50-70 degrees C and reaction duration is 2-4 hours. In the preparation of 3-chloro-4-(3-fluoro-benzyloxy)-aniline, the reaction temperature is 70-90 degrees C and the reaction duration is 1-2 hours. The preparation of 4-chloro-6-iodo-quinazoline comprises adding 5-iodo-2-aminobenzoic acid in formamide, mixing with phosphorus oxychloride and reacting to obtain 6-iodoquinazolin-4(3H)-one, mixing 6-iodoquinazolin-4(3H)-one with triethylamine and phosphorus oxychloride in methylbenzene, and reacting. The step (b) comprises (b1) adding kieselguhr, stannous chloride and trifluoroacetic acid in water, mixing to obtain a mixture, and (b2) adding dihydrogentetrachloropalladate aqueous solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone into the mixture, heating the mixture to 100-150 degrees C, allowing to stand for 1-3 hours and reacting to obtain palladium catalyst. The reaction time in step (c) is 1-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) crushing raw material grass to particle diameter of 2 cm and fermenting the crushed material, (b) adding fermented crushed material to acid production hydrolysis reactor, when the acidogenic phase gas production is reduced, the raw materials which are indigestible materials are broken down for easy-to-use small molecules for continuing hydrolysis-acidification, and (c) preparing raw material for methanogenic process by inoculating sludge or other biogas fermentation broth as the inoculum to the acidogenic phase hydrolysis reactor. The method involves steam heating the raw materials by alkali steam explosion method. Preferred Material: The grass is chosen from switchgrass, hybrid Pennisetum and giganteus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method comprises performing acidolysis reaction at 60-70 degrees C for 2-4 hours. The step (ii) comprises reusing the ammonium sulfate by the system, where the utilized ammonium sulfate is supplemented by industrial ammonium sulfate. The neutralization is performed at 80-85 degrees C, and the neutralizing reaction is terminated when the pH is 6.5-7. The method comprises evaporating and concentrating at 100-105 degrees C, and centrifuging at 35-40 degrees C. The step (v) comprises obtaining ammonia and carbon dioxide by the reaction of aqueous ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate, and performing conversion reaction at 50-60 degrees C. Preferred Components: The amount of nitric acid is 45-65 wt.%. The concentration of the aqueous ammonia for neutralization is 25%. The amount of the concentrated liquid is 60-70 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (c) involves piling the components to a height of 60-70 cm and to a width of 1-1.5 m. ACTIVITY - Nematocide.    ADMINISTRATION - 1-1.2 ton/mu of composition is mixed with soil (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (i), where the filtering, washing and drying operations are carried out by filtering, washing the obtained product with water and ethanol to obtain a wet powder, then vacuum drying the wet powder at 50-60 degrees C and vacuum degree of 0.07-0.1 MPa, and drying to a constant weight to obtain (III). The step (ii), where the filtering, washing and drying operations are carried out by filtering, washing the filter cake with acetone to obtain a wet powder, and then vacuum drying the wet powder at 30-40 degrees C to obtain tenatoprazole salt. The step (iii), where the filtering, washing and drying operations are carried out by filtering, washing the filter cake with water and acetone to obtain a wet powder, and then vacuum drying the wet powder at 30-40 degrees C to a constant weight to obtain tenatoprazole. Preferred Components: The hydrophilic solvent is acetone, ethanol, methanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, oleate, ethanol, methanol, acetone, or dimethyl formamide. The emulsifier is alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene propylene ether or other substance. The surfactant is alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil, or ethylene oxide. The synergistic agent is organic silicon, synergistic ether, synergistic amine, or mixture of carbonic alkyl ester, laurocapram. The osmotic agent is glycol, propanediol, organic oil, tung oil, or mixture of epoxy soybean oil. The thickening agent is polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or magnesium aluminum silicate. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves taking the raw materials and placing into stirrer for stirring for 200 minutes, adding 2% of granule to pulverizer to crush, then taking all pouring into a fermenting tank stacked, tightly covering compacting by thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting at more than 65 degrees C for 36 hours, turning the fermented materials with addition of excrement (1:0.5), where the turning process is performed upwards, inward and downward for 5 times, grinding fermented nutrient fertilizer and molding by a molding machine to a height of 9 cm, length of 10 cm and width of 6 cm in the form of cylindrical nutrition fertilizer column, where the nutrition fertilizer column is pressed and compacted, and it is not easy to be broken by hand. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves taking the raw materials and placing into stirrer for stirring for 200 minutes, adding 2% of granule to pulverizer to crush, then taking all pouring into a fermenting tank stacked, tightly covering compacting by thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting at more than 85 degrees C for 60 hours, turning the fermented materials with addition of excrement (1:0.5), where the turning process is performed upwards, inward and downward for 5 times, grinding fermented nutrient fertilizer and molding by a molding machine to a height of 20 cm, and width of 15 cm in the form of cylindrical nutrition fertilizer column, where the nutrition fertilizer column is pressed and compacted, and it is not easy to be broken by hand. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves taking the raw materials and placing into stirrer for stirring for 300 minutes, adding 2% of granule to pulverizer to crush, then taking all pouring into a fermenting tank stacked, tightly covering compacting by thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting at more than 75 degrees C for 90 hours, turning the fermented materials with addition of excrement (1:0.4), where the turning process is performed upwards, inward and downward for 5 times, grinding fermented nutrient fertilizer (200 wt.%) and molding by a molding machine to a height of 15 cm, and width of 10 cm in the form of cylindrical nutrition fertilizer column, where the nutrition fertilizer column is pressed and compacted, and it is not easy to be broken by hand. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises (in wt.%): zinc sulfate (2-5), borax (2-5), ferrous sulfate (5-15), ammonium sulfate (20-35), calcium superphosphate (25-40), magnesium sulfate (3-5), calcium nitrate (3-10) and ammonium molybdate (0-2). The ratio of organic fertilizer, additive and acid treated material is 1:0.5:5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The D-ethylgonendione substrate is added in an amount of 0.2-0.7 wt.% at 25-30 degrees C and 160-200 revolutions/minute (rpm) for 90-100 hours. Fermenting comprises preparing a spore suspension by inoculating P. raistrickii (ATCC 10490) to a slant culture medium, culturing, and eluting the slant culture medium with sterilized water and a 0.1% Tween-80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) aqueous solution; and culturing mycelium by inoculating the spore suspension to a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 28-32 degrees C and 160-200 rpm for 24-72 hours, and subjecting to extraction filtration. The filter cake is added in the ionic liquid/water double phase system such that the weight of the spherical mycelium in the water phase is 5-8% of the mass of the water phase. Preferred Component: The ionic liquid comprises 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylilmidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylilmidazoliu/m tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, (EWTMG)(FAP), ((E20H)MIM)(NTF), ((EOE)MMO) (NTF), ((MOP)MPI) (NTF), or ((P3OH)PYR) (NTF). The buffer solution phase is a phosphoric acid buffer solution with a pH of 5-7.3. The slant culture medium comprises (wt.%) glucose (1.5), maltose (2), peptone (0.1), and agar (2). The fermentation culture medium comprises (wt.%) glucose (3), corn pulp (1), sodium nitrate (0.2), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) (0.1), magnesium sulfate (0.05), ferrous sulfate (0.002), potassium chloride (0.05), and K2HPO4 (0.2). It has a pH of 7.2-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is benzene, toluene or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The method utilizes a flocculating agent that is supplied to the flocculating settling tank dosing zone. The flocculating agent comprises polymeric aluminum sulfate, polymeric aluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate and/or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing all the above-cited components in stirrer for 200 minutes, adding water to the mixture, stacking the mixture in plastic cloth, and maintaining the mixture for 90 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (in g to kg-1): nitrogen (25.48, preferably 5.57), phosphorus (10.50, preferably 3.003), water (95), fresh manure (75 or less), quick-acting nitrogen (0.791), quick-acting phosphorus (2.072), potassium (8.371), urea (46), potassium superphosphate (15) and potassium oxide (60). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves combining all the raw materials, adding the obtained mixture into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 65 minutes, adding the obtained mixture into a crusher, crushing the obtained mixture into powder, fermenting the mixture in a tank, covering the tank tightly using plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting the mixture 70 hours, turning the tank for upward and downwards, continuously fermenting for 70 hours, maintaining fermenting temperature at 80 degrees C, adding the excrements, and turning the obtained product to obtain the qualified product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves combining dry duck manure, corncob, rice husk meal, broadleaf wooden meal, gourd leaf powder, balsam pear leaf powder and bagasse powder, pouring the mixture into a crusher, adding cucumber stem leaf powder, edible salt, rape root powder, safflower powder and bone powder to the crushed materials, stirring the mixture for 120 minutes, adding water to the stirred mixture and fermenting the mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves adding the raw materials into stirrer, stirring the mixture for 260 minutes, pulverizing the mixture, adding the mixture to a fermenting tank, tightly covering and compacting the mixture using thick plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting the mixture, turning the mixture for first time, adding excrement to the mixture, turning the mixture upwards and inwards, adding excrement and water to the mixture uniformly, fermenting the mixture continuously for 90 hours, maintaining fermentation temperature at more than 80 degrees C, turning the mixture for 5 times, granulating the mixture to obtain hard granules, and sieving the granules with 100-mesh sieve. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth promoter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer is prepared by adding above-mentioned components into the stirrer to stir, adding the stirred material into crusher, taking out inverted stack the ferment pool, compacting and tightly covering the pool by plastic cloth, hermetically fermenting the pool at 75 degrees C for 72 hours, turning the fermenting mixture for the first time, spattering the excrement uniformly, after turning in plastic cloth cover, and turning the cover for 7 times during fermentation to obtain the qualified culture material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protease is compound enzyme of pawpaw protease and trypsinase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of waste bacteria stick, dairy manure, bran or corn powder, gypsum, non-greasy leaves is 45:7.5:22.5:2:12.5. The fermentation temperature is 16 degrees C, and fermenting humidity is 55%. The waste bacteria stick used for culturing is chosen from mushroom or black fungus. The non-greasy leaves comprise leaves from autumn's withered leaves and fallen hardwood, or deciduous leaves. The soil comprises sand, where the weight of the sand is 1/10th the weight of the soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: an air diffuser within the biological reactor, a main air supply line connecting the air diffuser with an external air supply, a blower forcing air from the external air supply into the biological reactor, a recirculation pipe interconnecting the biological reactor gas output pipe with the main air supply line, and a valve within the recirculation pipe, where the valve is adapted to pass a designated amount of the biological reactor gas stream through the recirculation pipe into the main air supply line into the biological reactor; a fan internally mounted within the biological reactor gas output pipe to force the gas stream to the combustion mixing chamber; and a fresh air line connecting the mixing chamber with an external air supply.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The amount of the complex decolorizing agent is 0.8-2% of dark colored waste oil. Preferred Method: The preparation of biodiesel from dark waste oil comprises stirring and heating the dark waste oil to 90-110 degrees C, and adding the complex decolorizing agent, heating to 90-110 degrees C and decolorizing for 30-60 minutes, filtering and collecting the filtrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The fat and oil state acquisition unit acquires magnitude of the fat and oil particles. The fat and oil state acquisition unit comprises a sampling portion which collects a portion of high concentration fat and oil wastewater in the lipolysis unit, imaging unit which photographs the image of the high concentration fat and oil wastewater collected by the sampling portion, an unit for processing image. Preferred Component: The microorganisms sludge produces lipase and decomposes fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises concentrating the washed pulp stream by mechanical dewatering prior to contacting the washed pulp stream with cellulases to increase solids content of the washed pulp stream from 15 to 40 wt.% solids. Preferred Components: The cooking liquor has a pH of 10-14. The cooking liquor comprises (wt.%) sodium hydroxide (4-20), sodium sulfide (0-20), water (balance), and anthraquinone, sodium borate and/or polysulfides. The cooking liquor has (wt.%) active alkali (10-20) and a sodium carbonate (less than 3.5). The cooling liquor and biomass has a ratio of 3-5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The diastatic enzyme is heat-resistant enzyme. Preferred Apparatus: The biomass saccharification apparatus further comprises a second catalytic reactor (7) for degrading hemicellulose degradation product as the liquid separated by the solid-liquid separator into a hemicellulose-derived monosaccharide using solid acid catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fermenting pool padding material having thickness of 0.7-0.9 m is applied to a pig shed excrement pool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation is carried out in a tank having a thickness of 0.7-0.9 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic waste is kitchen waste, restaurant waste, urban waste, waste of farmer market or animal excrement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt solution of rare-earth metal, contains neodymium, lanthanum nitrate or cerium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding effective microorganisms (EM) to the mixed material. Preferred Component: The plant fiber material is grass meal, sawdust and/or wheat bran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The exhaust fan is set on the discharging door. The processor contains two types of rollers. The roller circumference is gear-shaped, corresponding position of outer wall of the roller is provided with a gear, and a roller shaft. The driving device is a motor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The two separating cycle anaerobic reactor of chemical oxygen demand (COD) volume load is 8-14 kg/m3/d. The COD level in water is 1012 g/l, temperature is 28-35 degrees C, and pH is 6.5-7.8. The cyclic anaerobic reactor in the two separation of marsh gas is then purified into marsh gas cabinet. The compound A/0 is front pool and rear aerobic pool, where the anaerobic tank is a polypropylene semi-flexible filling in the aerobic pool is filled with polypropylene suspended filler, and filling ratio is 45-55%. The method involve performing Fenton oxidation after controlling the pH value of waste water is 2.0-4.0, using ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (3.5-4.5 mM/l), and hydrogen peroxide/divalent iron cation in a mole ratio of 5-7:1, and the reaction time is 9 to T150 minutes. The method further involves performing extraction procedure for factory wastewater discharged into the adjusting pool after processed by primary sedimentation tank mud scraper and high superficial layer, directly discharging in the other volumes in the target storage pool section wastewater and homogenizing product in floatation tank. In the primary sedimentation tank, the hydraulic retention time of the adjusting pool is 4 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The culture medium comprises (in g/l) alkane mixture (30-100 mu l), sodium chloride (0.50 g/l), magnesium chloride hexahydride (0.10), calcium chloride dihydride (10), ammonium chloride (0.25), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (0.20), potassium chloride (10.30), sodium bicarbonate (2.50), sodium sulfide nonahydride (0.5), vitamin solution (0.2-2) and microelement solution (0.1%). The hydrocarbon is methane series chosen from positive pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, n-octadecanol, nonadecane positive and positive eicosane. The vitamin solution comprises (in mg/l) vitamin B12 (1), biotin (20), folic acid (20), nicotinic acid (50), D-chicoric acid ester (50), p-amino acid (50), vitamin B6 (100), riboflavin (50), hydrochloric acid solution (50), and lipoic acid (50). The trace element solution comprises (in g/l) cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (0.50), copper(ii) chloride dihydrate (0.10), iron(II)chloride tetrahydrate (7.50), boric acid (1), magnesium chloride (0.50), sodium molybdate (0.10), nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (0.10), and zinc chloride hexahydrate (0.50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer obtained after compost maturity is brown or black in color with discharged black liquid, and the volume of the compost is reduced by 2/3-1/2. The mixture is subjected to composting process for 45-65 days. The flowers of A.fruticosa are cut into length of l-2 cm. The organic fertilizer (65-70%) is applied as base fertilizer in the soil and remaining is applied at young fruit stage of plant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied at a rate of 450-600 kg/mu.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The composted product is brown or black brown product with liquid discharge, and mixed with dry soil (2/3 to 1/2) by finger rubbing. The composting process is performed for 45-65 days. The soybean straw and hemlock are cut into pieces of 1-2 cm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further comprises tablet obtained by degumming process. Preferred Components: The biomass is the oil seed. The waste oil, effluent and wastewater comprise phospholipid. The emulsified fuel in the form of dispersion has an average droplet size of 1-50, preferably 5-20 mu m. The emulsified fuel comprises (in wt.%): waste oil (5-15), heavy oil (65-85) and water (10-20). The emulsified fuel comprises effluent (10-20) and heavy oil (80-90). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The composition comprises (wt.%) fluroxypyr or its ester (1-70), flumetsulam (1-70), and additive (10-98).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is light calcium carbonate, kaolin, silica, attapulgite, or bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive comprises dispersing agent, wetting agent, disintegrating agent, binder, and filler. The dispersing agent is lignosulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, or polycarboxylate dispersing agent. The wetting agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, alkylphenol ethoxylate, or naphthalene sulfonate. The disintegrating agent is ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, or urea. The binder is polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or soluble starch. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The water slag from water treatment unit is used for discharging. Grey water treatment unit selects artificial wetland technology, or soil infiltration technology, or oxidation technology. The organic fertilizer factory collects and processes organic wastes from plant industry, fishing industry and food processing industry. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carrier gas of the burner is selected from nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resistance wire comprises nickel and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol comprises fatty alcohol, aliphatic dibasic alcohol or tribasic fatty alcohol. The fatty alcohol is ethanol or propanol. The aliphatic dibasic alcohol is glycerol propanetriol, butylene glycol or ternary fatty alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Biomass carbon has an average granularity of 2-4 mm. The content of particles having a granularity of less than 0.5 mm is 25% or less. Preferred Composition: Biomass is agricultural waste including corn straw, rice straw, and broomcorn straw, forestry waste, woody biomass including trees, process waste including sucrose slag, oil slag, and/or shell. The usage amount of fossil fuel added to sintering mixed material is determined. Biomass carbon is used for replacing more than 60 wt.% of fossil fuel. The calorific value replacing ratio is 0.8-1, i.e., 1 KJ calorific value released by biomass carbon can replace 0.8-1 KJ calorific value released by the fossil fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The strain for acetone butanol seed liquid is selected from polysaccharide of Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium pasteurianum and/or Trinitrobenzene methyl nitramine clostridium. The feed strain is selected from Candida utilis, Candida tropicalis, Endomycopsisfibuligera and Geotrichum candidum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of bacteria in the microbial liquid is 4x 108-8x 108 cells/ml. The amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, pectinase and glucoamylase are in the ratio of 1:1.1:0.9:1.3:0.7:1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The temperature in the sludge in the fermenting chamber high temperature anaerobic fermentation is raised to 65-72, preferably 72 degrees C for 7-9, preferably more than 3 days, and stirring for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Organic waste contains vegetable waste material or seaweed waste material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The host organism is selected from Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium thermobutyricum, Clostridium cellulovorans, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Clostridium polysaccharolyticum, Clostridium populeti, and Clostridium kluyveri (preferably Clostridium tyrobutyricum). The host organism is transformed with vector pMAD72, or vector pMAD22.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Organism: The recombinant microorganism is further constructed by transferring a foreign gene for inactivating acetate kinase, or phosphotransacetylase to the host organism. The transfer of the foreign gene that encodes an enzyme having both alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase and butanol dehydrogenase activity is accomplished using a vector that includes a thiolase promoter sequence. Preferred Components: The foreign gene that encodes an enzyme having both alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase and butanol dehydrogenase activity is a DNA comprising the base sequence of (SEQ ID NO: 9), as available on WIPO website, or a DNA which hybridizes to a DNA comprising the base sequence of SEQ ID No: 9 or its complimentary base sequence under stringent conditions and which encodes a polypeptide having alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase and butanol dehydrogenase activity. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves transferring to the microbial host a foreign gene for inactivating acetate kinase; and transferring to the microbial host a foreign gene for inactivating phosphotransbutyrylase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: substantially dewatering (20) the quantity of generally non-homogenized microalgae prior to pretreating with the aliphatic alcohol. The predetermined time for liberating lipids from the microalgae is at least 15 minutes. Preferred Components: The genus of microalgae is Dictyosphaerium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of separating the lipids from the resulting mixture, comprises: adding water (4 parts by mass) and n-hexane (2 parts by mass) to the resulting mixture; and additional adding n-hexane (2 parts by mass) to the resulting mixture for extracting additional fatty acid methyl esters from it. The process (I) further comprises: purifying the separated fatty acid methyl esters; substantially dewatering the microalgae prior to exposure to the aliphatic alcohol; and purifying the separated fatty acid methyl esters from any residual biphasic solvent or 2-propanol by thermal evaporation or vacuum vaporization. The transesterification is performed at elevated temperatures of at least 50 degrees C. Preferred Components: The aliphatic alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol. The fatty acid methyl esters have 16-18C carbon backbone. The transesterification reagent is sodium methoxide. The biphasic solvent is n-hexane and deionized water. The mixture ratio relative to a unity quantity of non-homogenized microalgae comprises: 2-propanol (5 parts), water (4 parts) and n-hexane (2-4 parts). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst substance is electrode active material for oxygen reduction electrodes used as positive electrode containing transition metal element chosen from tantalum, niobium, titanium and zirconium, preferably tantalum. The catalyst substance is partially oxidized carbonitride of transition metal element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the catalyst substance and polymer electrolyte in the catalyst substance is 1:0.01-1:30. The weight ratio of carbon particles and polymer electrolyte is 1:0.1-1:20. Preferred Process: The catalyst substance embedded with primary polymer electrolyte and carbon particle are mixed in the absence of solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The permeative separation of hydrogen is carried out in a single- or multi-stage separation process. The separated hydrogen is condensed. The liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction is temporarily stored and during the temporary storage a fuel recycle gas fraction (6) is obtained, where the fuel recycle gas fraction is condensed. The hydrocarbon-rich fraction and a nitrogen-rich fraction (7) are separated during the liquefying process, where the nitrogen-rich fraction is condensed. The condensed hydrogen, the condensed fuel recycle gas fraction and/or the condensed nitrogen-rich fraction are mixed together. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out as a continuous flow reaction, and the temperature of the process is maintained at 300-500 degrees C. The energy for maintaining the reaction is provided from microwaves and/or other forms of energy including laser or electricity comprising static electricity. In the process, precursors for free radical formation are used to further increase the initiation of free radical formation. Preferred Components: The ratio of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen gas is 2:1. The precursors are nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen trioxide, nitrous acid, hypochlorous acid or perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system converts the methane to higher order hydrocarbons. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (I) further comprises (26) pre-treating the cellulosic feedstock to separate the cellulose and the lignin from it, converting the cellulose into sugars, and converting the sugars into lipids. In the method (I), during the processing step, (70) the lipids are converted into straight chain paraffins and esters. The pre-treating step further separates: hemicellulose (30) and aromatic extractables from the cellulosic feedstock, where the hemicellulose is converted into the sugars with the cellulose, and the aromatic extractables are processed into the biofuel with the ringed hydrocarbons and the lipids; or co-products from the cellulosic feedstock, where the co-products are acetic acid, oil elicitor or furfural. The cellulose is converted into the sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugars are converted into lipids through a microbial process or by heterotrophic microalgae. The cellulose is transformed into lipids by converting the cellulose into sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis, and by converting the sugars into lipids through a microbial process. Preferred Components: The ringed hydrocarbons comprise aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes. The lipids comprise triglyceride. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The aerobic fermenting agent in the step (ii) is Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The organic filling auxiliary material in the step (i) is crop straw, sawdust, chaff, weeds or dry dung of fowl. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises mixing the municipal domestic sludge with the organic filling auxiliary material in a ratio of 1:0.1-0.3 uniformly to obtain the mixture. The height of the fermentation buttress in the step (iii) is 0.5-1.3 m. The first time turning over and mixing treatment is carried out for the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material increases to 38-42 degrees C in the step (iv) of carrying out aerobic fermentation for the fermentation material. The first time turning over and mixing treatment is carried out for the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material increases to 40 degrees C in the step (iv) of carrying out aerobic fermentation for the fermentation material. The step (iv) of carrying out the first time turning over and mixing treatment for the fermentation material, the second time turning over and mixing treatment is carried out for the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material after turning over and mixing treatment increases to 60-75 degrees C, then the turning over and mixing treatment is carried out for once every 8-24 hours. The turning over and mixing mode in the step (iv) comprises orderly moving the fermentation material from the original position to the left or right in the direction vertical to the rectangular fermentation material buttress, turning the fermentation material up and down, inside and outside, stirring and scattering the material in the turning process. The fermentation material is completely scattered and exposed in the air for 20-60 seconds in the turning process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: a deposit and filtrate are separated by filtration after catalytic reduction and after adjusting the pH of reaction liquid to 4-8, and 4-amino-m-cresol is precipitated. The crystals of 4-amino-m-cresol are formed by recrystallization of deposit. The sulfanilic acid is recovered from the filtrate. The sulfanilic acid is diazotized before catalytic reduction, and reacted with m-cresol. The catalytic reduction is carried out at 0-90 degrees C under pressure of 0.1-3 MPa using aqueous alkali solution. Preferred Composition: The transition metal catalyst contains palladium/carbon, platinum/carbon, palladium compound of formula: Pd(II)X12, platinum compound of formula: Pt(0)L12, Pt(II)X22 or Pt(0)L22, Raney nickel catalyst, or nickel compound of formula: NiX32 or Ni(0)L32.X1-X3=chloro, bromo, iodo;andL1-L3=dibenzylideneacetone, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, acetylacetonato acetylacetonate, o-diphenylphosphinobenzoyl, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, triphenylphosphine, tetraphenylborate or 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic silicon is provided. The element of group IV is added to the electrolyte in chemically pure form, preferably with purity above 90%. The monovalent hydroxides include potassium hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide (90%) is used as the monovalent hydroxide. At least one electrode contains the metals of the VI or VII transition group. The electrode has an active surface with carbon content of less than 0.15%, preferably 0.025%. The electrode has a specific electrical resistance of less than 0.090 Wmm2m-1, preferably less than 0.086 Wmm2m-1. The electrodes with metals of VI or VII sub-groups are used as both an anode and a cathode. The electrode is used as both the anode and the cathode. At least one electrode comprises nickel, preferably with purity of above 95%. The temperature of the electrolyte and/or the electrode is controlled.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolysis tank comprises a housing made of irreversibly cross linked plastic, preferably of synthetic resin or polypropylene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basic catalyst comprises apatite structure compound, selected from calcium hydroxyapatite, strontium hydroxyapatite, hydrotalcite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and alkali metal supported-zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The total pressure is 0.01-0.9 (preferably 0.01-0.8, more preferably 0.01-0.5) atm. The basic catalyst is used. Preferred Components: The raw material alcohol comprises ethanol. The produced alcohol comprises 1-butanol. EXAMPLE - A fixed-bed gas flow catalytic reactor capable of setting pressure reduction conditions was used as reactor. A reaction tube was filled with calcium hydroxyapatite catalyst (CaHAP catalyst), and ethanol (100 vol.%) was introduced and reacted at pressure of 0.05 atmosphere, degree of pressure reduction, contact time of 10 hours, and reaction temperature of 250 degrees C. The control of reaction pressure was performed using vacuum pump while monitoring pressure with pressure gauges located in inlet and outlet of the reactor. An online gas chromatograph was used to measure the degree of conversion of alcohol and the yield and selectivity of synthesized gas, the amount of each component was determined from the peak area of component. The target product Guerbet alcohols are each mixture of alcohols having 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 carbon atoms. Alcohol yield was 57.9 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In molar ratio x:(1-x):((100+y)/100):((100+y)/100), x = 0.7-0.8 and y = 10-20.Preferred Components: Light irradiated to the photocatalyst electrode is visible light. Preferred Definitions:    x = 0.7-0.8; and    y = 10-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Inoculum: In the microbial inoculum, the active thermophilic number of the M. thermophila is more than 15 hundred million/g. The microbial inoculum is prepared by: (1) preparing the seed liquid of the thermophilic destroying wire; (2) thermophilic destroying solid proliferation of mould CLIMAX-VMT culture in the step (1) is connected to the solid proliferation culture medium 42 plus minus 2 degrees C with sterile under oxygen condition for 5 to 10 days, the solid proliferation culture medium comprises 50-100 parts of wheat bran, 10-40 parts of corn core powder, 1-10 parts of brown sugar, 5-20 parts of bean cake, 1-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium chloride, pH7 is 7.0-7.5; (3) culturing the medium after in proliferation culture to dry at normal temperature to obtain the thermophilic destroying wire and CLIMAX-VMT pathogenic bacteria. Preferred Strain: In using the strain, the agricultural organic solid waste of C/N is 10 to 40, the initial water content is 35 to 70% and pH is 5-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of chitosan is 1-5 parts weight, starch is 10-15 parts weight, and gelatin is 30-50 parts weight. The alginic acid salt is chosen from sodium alginate and potassium alginate. The starch is chosen from modified starch, composite modified starch, physically modified starch, chemically modified starch, enzymatically denatured starch. The protein separation agent further comprises phlogopite, diatomite and calcium carbonate. The content of the phlogopite, diatomite and calcium carbonate is 200-300 parts weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of alginic acid salt. The content of the protein separation agent is 0.5-1 kg/m3 of wastewater. Preferred Method: The wastewater and the protein separation agent is mixed at 50-60 degrees C for 5-10 minutes, and maintained at 50-60 degrees C for 20-60 minutes. The content of the soluble protein the wastewater is 0.5-1 wt.%, and content of the insoluble solid is 1-3 wt.%. The method further involves obtaining solid phase product or liquid phase product to obtain concentrated solution, and drying the concentrated solution at 80-100 degrees C for 1-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The organic carbon is hot-formed into carbon ball, carbon rod, or carbon block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The medium comprises (in parts weight): beef extract (0.115), peptone (0.85), sodium chloride (0.85), glucose (0.195), deionized water (97.84), and 10% concentrated sulfuric acid (0.295).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pre-cooling in step (ii) is at 4 degrees C. The homogenate is prepared by mixing phosphate buffer liquid (0.2 M) of pH 6 and raw material in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5) ml:(3-7) g, preferably 1 ml:5 g, extracting at 4 degrees C for 24 hours and centrifuging. The membrane filtration process utilizes 0.45 mu filter film. The tangential flow ultrafiltration system is used for sequential separation. The intercepting amount is 30 kDa and the tangential flow rate is 56 l/hour. The tangential flow rate through the 10 kDa film is 32 l/hour and a concentration of ten folds is obtained after every separation. The cation exchange column chromatography elution comprises a linear gradient-type elution using two types of eluents, i.e. ammonium acetate buffer solution A (50 mM) of pH 6 and ammonium acetate buffer solution B (1 M) of pH 6, eluting 3 column volumes using 100% of ammonium acetate buffer solution A and B, collecting and combining the cation exchange column samples. The desalting process comprises using a tangential flow ultrafiltration system, intercepting through a 5 kDa membrane with a tangential flow rate of 6 l/hour to obtain a concentrate of 10 folds and collecting the permeation liquid. The spray drying process is at 120 degrees C at a supersonic rate of 2 ml/minute. Preferred Components: The surface area of the film coat is 0.7 m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The concentration of spore suspension liquid of the white rot fungi in step (a) is 2x 106 spores/ml and inoculum size is 2x 107 spores/ml. The seed liquid of hydrogen producing bacterial liquid comprises Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum strain W16 described in International journal of hydrogen energy, Dark fermentation of glucose and xylose mix using Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Section 33, Page 6124-6132, 2008.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) obtaining active sludge under anaerobic condition, drying the sludge, milling, sieving and killing non-spore forming bacteria, preferably methanogenic bacteria under heating process at high temperature to obtain glucose nutrient solution, where pH of the preprocessed sludge solution is 9-11, preferably 10. The concentration of the sludge is 2-8, preferably 2 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Starch raw material is mixed with water at 45-60 degrees C at a pH of 5.5-6.2, in a weight ratio of 1:1.8-4. Starch slurry is mixed with amylase at 45-60 degrees C for 30-60 minutes. Enzymolysis is carried out at 85-99 degrees C for 60-150 minutes. The total weight of amylase is 8-24 enzyme activity unit based on dry weight per g of starch raw material powder. The amount of portion (I) of amylase is 20-50 wt.% and the amount of portion (II) of amylase is 50-80 wt.%. The weight ratio of steam (I) and mixture is 0.05-0.1:1, the contact time is 1-5 seconds, and the contact temperature is 100-110 degrees C. The weight ratio of steam (II) and mixture is 0.05-0.1:1, the contact time is 1-3 seconds, and the contact temperature is 130-140 degrees C. The time interval between primary injection and secondary injection is 120-180 minutes. The flashing temperature is 100-103 degrees C, the cooling temperature is 5-10 degrees C, and the flashing pressure is -0.06 MPa to -0.09 MPa. The product of enzyme hydrolysis is sterilized for 15-30 minutes at 80-90 degrees C and cooled to 36-38 degrees C. Aspergillus niger is inoculated in the fermentation liquor and fermentation is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method comprises two-step carbonation and filtration, comprising: reducing the pH to 10-11.2 by introducing carbon dioxide gas, and carrying out first filtration (F1) of the carbonated vinasse in a first step; and reducing the pH of the filtered vinasse to 8-8.5 by introducing carbon dioxide gas and carrying out second filtration (F2) of carbonated vinasse in a second step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The B.subtilis is isolated from soil sample containing microorganism with protease producing ability. Preferred Enzyme: The thrombolytic enzyme is nattokinase. Preferred Method: The method involves separating the thrombolytic enzyme from fermented material comprising mixture of Bacillus and protein property raw material, and fermenting the protein property raw material by Bacillus. The method involves mixing Bacillus and to-be-decomposed waste material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The low-temperature, long-time pyrolysis is conducted at 175-325 degrees C, and with a solid residence time of 0.1-2 (preferably 0.1-0.5) hours. The anaerobic treatment step is conducted with: methanogenic microorganisms; or ethanol-producing microorganisms, where the microorganisms include yeast. In the method of increasing the conversion of biomass-based lignocellulosic materials in a biotreatment process, at least a portion of the separated pyrogas, or a major portion of the separated pyrogas is introduced into the anaerobic treatment step. The method of increasing the conversion of biomass-based lignocellulosic materials in a biotreatment process, further includes: removing toxic substances from the pyroligneous acid before introduction into the biotreatment step; and adding at least one of a sugar, vitamins and minerals to the biotreatment step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves adding 0.2-1 parts weight of quicklime with respect to 1 parts weight of the sludge and stirring the mixture using stirring apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrolyzer vessel is made of stainless steel, titanium and germanium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Temperature and pressure are controlled by a 2-stage process, where 1st stage is in 25-450 degrees C and 0.1-50 MPa subcritical fluid, and 2nd stage is in 200-450 degrees C and 0.1-50 MPa supercritical fluid. Reaction time during 1st stage is less than or equal to 30 minutes or less than or equal to 10 minutes, and 2nd stage is less than or equal to 10 minutes or less than or equal to 5 minutes. Preferred Parameters: Reaction zone is in a micro space with cross-sectional area of 1 mu m2-1mm2. Microreactor is a microtube reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Reaction medium is a liquid mixture of organic solvent and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ion: The metal ion is zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic ligand is 2,6-di(4-pyridyl)-benzo(1,2-c:4,5-c')dipyrrole 1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetron derivative of formula (II).R9-R18=R1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is switch grass, corn stover, agricultural wastes, lawn wastes, woody biomass from lumbering wastes or waste products from paper production.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron/metal (M) alloy are in the ratio of 1-4. The support includes aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium aluminum oxide (Mg5AlO), magnesium oxide or MWCNT.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of subjecting syngas to FTS is at 220-300 degrees C in the presence of a carbon monoxide-based FTS catalyst. The step of separation is accomplished by condensation. In the method: dilute nitric acid is used as cleaning solution, recovering the catalyst from cleaning solution, and recycling the catalyst. The catalytic dehydrogenation includes passing the (1-4C4) hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising a binary metallic iron-based alloy, iron-metal (M), where the secondary metal M is nickel, molybdenum, manganese, palladium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, zinc and/or tungsten. The method comprises: depositing the iron/metal alloy on a support; and reducing the iron/metal catalysts to their active metallic state, either in hydrogen or syngas. An austenitic metallic alloy is favored but other metallic structures can also achieve catalytic dehydrogenation. Preferred Components: The method comprises 50-100 wt.% coal, 0-50 wt.% biomass and/or 0-50 wt.% waste hydrocarbons, including plastics and rubber products, as a starting material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nutrient solution further comprises (in mg/ml): potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5-20), calcium chloride dihydrate (1-10), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (200-400), potassium bicarbonate (800-1500), trace element concentrated solutions (I) and (II) (1-2) and water as solvent. The trace element concentrated solution (I) comprises (in g/l): EDTA (5), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (9.15), and water as solvent. The trace element concentrated solution II comprises (in g/l): EDTA (15), perboric acid (0.014), manganese chloride (0.99), copper II sulfate pentahydrate (0.25), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.43), nickel II chloride hexahydrate (0.21), sodium molybdate (0.22), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.24), and water as solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The cassava residue comprises (in wt.%) starch (8-45), cellulose (25-35), hemicellulose (6-15) and lignin (10-32). Preferred Method: The S.cerevisiae FE-B strain (CGMCC No. 2735) is isolated from rice wine. The step (a) involves saccharifying starch, and hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose simultaneously at 45-55 degrees C and pH 4.5-5.5 for 0.5-32 hours. The pre-hydrolysis process is performed using one or more starch saccharifying enzyme (50-250 U/g), cellulase (5-30 IU/g) and hemicellulase (5-30 IU/g). The step (C) involves adding 0.02-0.15% S.cerevisiae FE-B strain (0.02-0.15%). The step (d) is performed at 36-44 degrees C, preferably 38-42 degrees C for 30-100 hours, preferably 40-70 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ethanol fuel is prepared by (a) washing the fresh raw material, and subjecting the raw material to pulping process, (b) adding alpha -amylase to 90-150 KNU/kg of starch, liquefying the obtained product at 80-90 degrees C until the product becomes red brown, and cooling obtained product to room temperature by adding tap water, (c) processing the potato slurry at high temperature for 20 minutes, (d) reducing the temperature of the product to 30-50 degrees C, adding 0.1-0.15 kg of cellulose in 1 kg of fermenting paste and processing obtained product for 2 hours at 50 degrees C, and (e) adding saccharifying enzyme (1.0-1.6 AUG/g) to obtained product, inoculating the Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the enzyme, adding 0.06-0.09 g of urea or 0.10-0.20 g of ammonium sulfate to obtained product, fermenting the product for 16-30 hours at 200 rotations per minute (rpm) and distilling the fermenting paste using rotary steamer at 78 degrees C and obtaining the ethanol. Preferred Microorganism: The S.cerevisiae is S.cerevisiae (CCTCC M 206111).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The purification process involves final filtration after control of temperature below a temperature at which solidification of temperature-dependent impurity contained in crude biodiesel fuel. The raw material waste edible oil is subjected to material input process, impurity removal process, transesterification, by-product glycerol recovery process, and purification process to obtain biodiesel fuel. In the material input process, the raw material waste edible oil is injected into a reaction tank (2) having a capacity corresponding to the unit processing amount of waste edible oil. The impurity-removal agent is stir-mixed while the raw material waste edible oil in the reaction tank is heated. After gravity-separation, the impurity-removal agent is discharged from the reaction tank. A chemical agent is stir-mixed for transesterification. By-product glycerol is then recovered by leaving the transesterified product containing fatty acid ester still for gravity separation. By-product glycerol is discharged from the reaction tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves separating the waste to provide an organic rich waste fraction and an organic poor waste fraction. The step (b) involves treating the waste to increase its organic content. The method involves providing the waste to a several treatment cells for receiving, retaining and treating the organic rich waste fraction during the predetermined periods, where the treatment cells are run in parallel, or in staggered fashion. The method involves controlling the pH of the treatment cell to 6.5-8 during the predetermined period. The method involves controlling the temperature of the treatment cell to mesophilic condition at 30-40 degrees C during the predetermined period, preferably for 2, 3, 6, 12 or 24 months. The method involves monitoring the leachate for one or more of pH, temperature and/or contaminants, where the condition of the leachate is a measure of the extent of the anaerobic digestion process. The method involves monitoring biogas such that biogas production is a measure of the extent of the anaerobic digestion process. The method involves measuring the leachate condition and/or biogas production such that upon leachate condition and/or biogas production reaching a predetermined level during step (d), and (f) and opening the treatment cell. The method involves saturating the treatment cell with leachate and subsequently draining the cell in after step (c). The method involves preheating the leachate before admission to the treatment cell. The method involves subjecting the organic rich waste to aerobic treatment for upto a month before step (b), where the aerobic treatment continues for upto a week, preferably for 2-3 days. The method involves subjecting the treated waste to aerobic stabilization after step (v) for up to 4-6 weeks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The production method further involves collecting gas containing moisture content generated from organic materials heated by zymosis of heat resistant microbe, dividing into liquid component and gas component, anionizing gas component after appropriate time, and returning to organic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: There is a layer of insulating layer between the thick soft film and shell. The inner side of the marsh gas tank can be divided into mutually connected 2-5 grids. The radiator is connected with one end of the heat pipe. The other end of the heat conducting pipe is connected with a solar heater. The radiator is located at the lower part of the marsh gas pool. There is a cover with a handle on the upper part of the marsh gas tank, marsh gas outlet pipe and a raw material inlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves conducting heat shifting by utilizing at least one heat exchanger and at least one heat pump (7); providing the additional thermal energy for fermentation to shift the heat recovered from milk cooling into the fermentation device; utilizing the rejected heat of a coupled milk cooling device; transferring the heat to the fermentation device; and utilization of frozen carbon dioxide generated by the gas liquefaction device for cooling of milk. In the method (M1), the gas boil-off from stored liquefied gas is burnt in a gas heater for generating thermal energy to be provided to the fermentation device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least one heat mixing device (4) is connected to the reactor and receiving thermal energy from the liquefaction device and at least from one further heat source. The heat mixing device is connected to a gas heater (3), and milk cooling device (8) receiving rejected heat from the milk cooling device. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The whole grain is corn, and the oil product stream consists essentially of corn oil. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total amount of the components (C-1,C-2) is 25-60 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the components. The content of the component (D) is 15-60 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the components. The weight ratio of the components (C-1,C-2) is 6:4-8:2. The calorie augmentation agent is vegetable oil containing material. The size of the solid fuel is 10-100 cm3. The solid fuel has prismatic or cylindrical shape, apparent specific gravity of 0.3-0.6 g/cm3 and emitted heat amount of 20-30 MJ/kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (C-1) is starch derived from seaweed. The component (C-2) is natural rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The incineration-regeneration of some flow sand discharged from tank together with the thermal decomposition residue is carried out. Alkali compound and decomposition catalyst are mixed and returned to a fluidized bed-type thermal decomposition tank. The refining device is a hydrorefining device which react the thermal decomposition middle distillate with hydrogen gas under predetermined low pressure, and obtains a fuel oil, or solvent-extraction device which solvent-extracts a fuel oil from the thermal decomposition middle distillate. The alkaline compound is chosen from calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. The decomposition catalyst is a porous inorganic oxide chosen from silicon oxide-aluminum oxide, activated clay, or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The main component of fuel generation component is iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Gas: The gas comprising carbon dioxide is obtained from at least one source chosen from atmosphere, a power plant, a boiler, a fermentation facility, an underground deposit, an oil well, a natural gas well, a petroleum refinery, a cement factory, an iron production facility, a steel production facility, a waste combustion facility, a chemical production facility, and a metal production facility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The drying step is achieved by spray drying. Preferred Components: The aperture of the membrane adopted by the nanofiltration membrane separation device is 1 nm. The flavourzyme is a telopeptide enzyme, which is a complex containing an exopeptidase and a peptidase produced by performing submerged fermentation of a screened Aspergillus oryzae genetically modified strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves: feeding and growing microbes, plants, and algae utilizing the potassium content directly from the waste waters; supplying the waste waters to a secondary growth media, where the waste water supplies water and nutrients to the secondary growth media for growing microbes, plants, and algae and the potash is consumed as nutrients; separating several multivalent cations from the waste waters using cation exchange resin regenerated to a produced potassium form using potassium chloride recycled from the waste waters; regenerating the cation exchange resins using hydrochloric acid made from hydrogen and chlorine, where the hydrogen and chlorine is produced by electrolysis of potassium chloride recycled from the waste water; separating the potassium content originally from the waste water along with the produced potassium from the cation exchange separation of the multivalent cations by means of the cation exchange resins; producing potassium hydroxide by electrolysis of the potassium chloride recycled from the waste water; treating any of the remaining produced acidic water using a strong base anion exchange resin or a weak base anion exchange resin as regenerated using the potassium hydroxide produced electrolysis of potassium chloride separated from waste waters; and feeding the plants and the algae grown for microbial consumption for microbial enhanced oil recovery using additions of the produced waste waters, where the separation process is a water treatment method selected from ion exchanges, membrane separation, electrolysis, separation of salts, or precipitation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multivalent cations include calcium and magnesium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ceramic consists of at least an oxide that emits infrared at the wavelengths. The system further comprises a pyroelectric material added to the ceramic, where the pyroelectric material is tourmaline. The hydrogen generator is an electrolyzer or a fuel reformer. The liquid is water, aqueous solution, electrolyte (32) solution, hydrocarbon fuel, solution of hydrocarbon fuel or solution of organic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: In the step (i), the water content of the sludge is 80- 85 wt.%. The concentration of the glucose in the sludge water is 1-4 wt.% and the concentration of the peptone in the sludge water is 0.5-1.5 wt.%. In the step (ii), the alpha -amylase is 18-40 U/100g household waste and the enzymolysis time is 2 hours, the glucose amylase is 15-40 U/100g household and the saccharification time is 2-6 hour. The mass ratio of inoculated sludge and saccharified household waste is 1:1-1.2. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the heat treatment is performed at 80-85 degrees C for 20-30 minutes, and the sludge domestication time is 20-30 hour. The processing of residual waste after fermentation comprises performing solid-liquid separation, subjecting solid slag to dry distillation in the absence of oxygen at 500-600 degrees C to obtain biological carbon, and subjecting liquid to urban sewage denitrification treatment as external carbon source. The dehydrated sludge in obtained by dehydrating urban sewage by sludge filter press and the solid content of the sludge is 15-20wt.%, The household waste comprises main component as carbohydrate, dietary unit discarding rice dish and household residue, the water content is 85-90wt.%, and the volatile organic content is 85-95wt.%. The screening of household waste comprises removing inorganic substance and biodegradable substances, and selecting biodegradable substances.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The nitrogen-containing compound (I) is manufactured by reacting hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (II) and alkali metal and neutralizing mixture with sodium hydroxide at -10 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    R1=methyl;    R2=butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, or dodecyl;    M=Na or K;and    n=0.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Nitrogen-containing compounds are specifically claimed e.g. disodium salt of 1,5-didodecyloxy methyl-3-aza-3-methyl-1,5-penta disulfuric acid of formula (Ia), disodium salt of 1,5-di decyloxy methyl-3-aza-3-methyl-1,5-penta disulfuric acid, disodium salt of 1,5-dioctyloxy methyl-3-aza-3-methyl-1,5-penta disulfuric acid, disodium salt of 1,5-dihexyloxy methyl-3-aza-3-methyl-1,5-penta disulfuric acid and disodium salt of 1,5-dibutyl oxy methyl-3-aza-3-methyl-1,5-penta di sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is alkali metal ion, alkaline metal ion, transition metal ion, and/or lanthanide metal ion. The alkali metal ion is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion (preferred), rhodium ion, and/or cesium ion. The alkaline metal ion is magnesium ion (Mg2+), calcium ion (Ca2+), strontium ion (Sr2+), and/or barium ion (Ba2+). The transition metal ion is titanium ion (Ti4+), zirconium ion (Zr4), hafnium ion (Hf4+), and/or zinc ion (Zn2+). The lanthanide metal ion is lanthanum ion (La3+),cerium ion (Ce4+), praseodymium ions (Pr2+, Pr3+, Pr4+), samarium ions (Sm2+, Sm3Y+), and/or dysprosium ions (Dy2+, Dy3+). The first effective amount is 5 wt.% of metal ion formate salt to water and saturation solution of metal ion formate salt in water. The test pressure is percentage of maximum allowable operating pressure or percentage of a pipeline design pressure. Preferred Method: The method further comprises discharging first aqueous composition directly into environment after pressurizing, without further processing or treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas hydrate comprises methane hydrate. The metal ion formate salt is a compound of formula (HCOO-)nMn+ and mixtures.M=metal ion; andn=valency of the metal ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the kaolin ore powder to binder in step (i) is 75:(1-2) and the binder is polyvinyl alcohol or A.S glue. In step (ii), the VI B group metal element has a concentration of 4-14 g/100 ml based on metal oxide and the VIII group metal element has a concentration of 2.1-4.3 g/100 ml based on metal oxide. The metal oxide of VIII group metal element is nickel oxide or cobalt oxide. Preferred Method: The drying of the step (i) is performed for 1-10 hours at 200-300 degrees C. The roasting in step (i) is performed in presence of air by heating to 900-1000 degrees C at a speed of 200-300 degrees C per hour and roasting with a constant temperature for 1-5 hours. The drying in step (ii) is performed for 1-8 hours at 80-150 degrees C. The roasting in step (ii) is performed in presence of air by heating to 500-550 degrees C at a speed of 100-200 degrees C per hour and roasting with constant temperature for 1-5 hours. The dipping method in step (ii) comprises uniformly spraying solution containing VI B group metal element and VIII group metal element on the carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combining mixing tank is provided with a thermostatic water cycling pipe for maintaining the material constant temperature, which is connected with the thermostatic water supplying system. The bottom part of tank is provided with a high pressure air sprayer, which is connected with the high pressure air pump for promoting uniform mixing of material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises (in wt.%) iron (25-45), copper (20-30), zinc (20-30), aluminum (15-20) and potassium (5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalytic reaction is performed at: 250-380 degrees C; 250-330 degrees C, where the biomass synthetic gas is rich in carbon monoxide with a volume ratio of 1.5-2.2, and the biomass mixed liquid (comprised of (in wt.%) hydrocarbon (55-70) and alcohol (25-40)) yield is 0.26-1.8g/(hgcat) with a thermal value of 38-44MJ/kg; or 300-350 degrees C, where the biomass synthetic gas is rich carbon-di-oxide with a volume ratio of 1.9-3, and the biomass mixed liquid (comprised of (in wt.%) hydrocarbon (30-50) and alcohol (50-70)) yield is 0.25-0.80g/(hgcat) with a thermal value of 34-38MJ/kg. The catalytic reaction is performed at a pressure of 4-8MPa. Preferred Components: The raw material for preparing biomass synthetic gas comprises straw, wood residues and/or rice hull.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The free radical initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile or isobutyric acid dimethyl. The mass ratio of the free radical initiator and compound (I) is 0.002-0.08. The polar organic solvent is N, N-dimethyl acetamide, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, N, N-dimethyl formamide, xylene or glycol, glycerol and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The oxidizing process comprises using biological film method for microbe processing. The screening step comprises using liquid culture medium; adding reducing iron powder as selective culture medium; adding suspension of active sludge to enrich target strains; adding agar powder to selective culture medium to form solid culture medium; separating and purifying enriched target strains; primarily detecting denitrification; storing target strains in liquid culture medium; and taking as inoculating microbe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The elementary iron is waste iron scrap generated by mechanical processing. The liquid culture medium contains (mg/l) sodium nitrate (250), calcium chloride (200), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (200), potassium hydrogen phosphate (1000), sodium bicarbonate (2000), sodium chloride (1000), and 1 ml/l microelement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method comprises adding (pts.wt.) tanning fatty wastes (1000) and water (500), boiling for 2 hours at 98 degrees C, removing filter residue, taking upper grease, heating grease at 102 degrees C for 2 hours, and obtaining oil, KOH (12 pts.wt.) and methanol (280 pts.wt.); and water bath heating at 65 degrees C, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, washing residual methanol and catalyst, separating mixed solution after upper oil heating, drying, and obtaining fatty acid methyl ester. The ethanol-diesel oil emulsifier is prepared by adding (pts.wt.) fatty acid methyl ester (450-550), amine (150-200) and KOH (6-8), heating in water bath at 130-140 degrees C, stirring for 4-6 hours, discharging, and obtaining ethanol-diesel emulsifying agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system is provided with a gas-liquid separation hollow fiber pipe that is made of Teflon (RTM: PTFE) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (A), potato is ground part, waste of sweet potato stem harvesting, or sum of sweet potato stem leaf rattan. It can also be fresh potato dry sweet potato vine crushing or cutting. In step (C), Oil bacteria ferment is wire spore yeast, skin-wire spore yeast or yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The fermentation strain is Bacillus strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The sludge has water content of 75-80%, total organic matter of 400-600g/kg dry matter (DM), total nitrogen content of 3-5 g/kgDM, Coliform value of more than 24000 MPN/kgDM, water content of wood chip is 10-20% and sludge is 5-15% of the weight of sludge and vermiculite is 5-10%, where initial water content of the mixture is 60-70%. The microbial inoculum is diluted 10 times with water, where reflux ratio of the clinker is controlled to 10-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electric field flows through the sludge. The heavy metals present in the sludge are reductively deposited at the negatively charged electrode. Several electrodes are arranged in a row with alternating polarization along the direction of the flow of the sludge. The sequentially arranged electrodes penetrate the flow region (8) of the sludge in a reticulating manner. The electrodes are arranged concentrically to one another along the direction of flow of the sludge. The electrodes are arranged as concentric tubes. A distance between two differently polarized electrodes is less than 30 cm. The sludge is foamed with gas before contacting with the electric field. The electric field is a pulsed field. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The volatile gases are supplied from the torrefaction to the dryer for the digestate. At least two double walled cylindrical pipes are arranged one behind the other in a material flow direction, where the material is heated using a first pipe arranged upstream and cooled using a second pipe arranged downstream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali material is waste concrete. Preferred Process: The carbon-dioxide-gas fixing method involves using iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte composition comprises the aqueous solvent (at least 50, preferably 50-95 wt./vol.%); and at least one organic acid (1-10 wt./vol.%). The electrolyte is saturated with an amount of argon sufficient to promote cavitation-assisted electrolytic combustion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble gas is argon. The noble gas saturates the solvent. The inorganic salt comprises a cation selected from sodium, lithium and potassium. The inorganic salt comprises an anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide. The inorganic salt comprises sodium chloride or sodium iodide. The concentration of sodium chloride is 0.5-5 wt.%, and sodium iodide is a trace amount. Preferred Method: The noble gas is dissolved in the aqueous solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid comprises several carboxyl groups. The organic acid is soluble in the electrolyte solution. The organic acid is at least 10 wt.% soluble in the electrolyte solution. The organic acid solubility is 10-90 wt.% soluble. The organic acid comprises 1-6C chain. The organic acid is selected from acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, maleic acid, iso-citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, pentanoic acid, nonanoic acid, propanoic acid, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid and 2-hydroxypropanedioic acid (preferably citric acid). The citric acid is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.05-5 (preferably 0.1) M. The organic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid soluble in water or a beta-hydroxy acid soluble in water. The organic acid comprises compound of formula CnH2n+1-COOR, ROOC-CnH2n+1-COOR, and ROOC-(CHR2)m-C(R2)2-(CHR2)m-COOR.R=H or any alkaline earth metal;n=2-8;R2=OH or COOR;andm=1-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The plant indoor further has force circulator on the circulation flow path, temperature sensor and recycle pipe laid under bottom surface of the culture tub.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is alloy material. The alloy material is copper-aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The degumming absorbent is a mixture of silicon and clay in a ratio of 0.5-1:2-6. The degumming absorbent before use is maintained at 150-200 degrees C and then for use is activated for 50-100 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises an electric assisted heating device, which is installed on the upper part of the water tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process includes briquetting the mixture of coal char and liquids or biomass. The liquids act as binder for briquettes. The treatment of volatile material separates volatile material into gases and liquids, where the liquids include oil sludge component and coal tar component, and the oil sludge and coal tar components are the portion of liquids returned to coal char. The step of treating volatile material involves separating sulfur compounds from volatile material so that liquids contain little or no sulfur compounds, thus enabling removal of some or all of sulfur compounds from input coal even though some of volatile material is returned to coal char during the step of returning portion of liquids to coal char. The treatment of volatile material additionally involves removing water and coal tar from liquids to form unfiltered oil stream, and filtering the unfiltered oil stream to form filtered synthetic crude oil stream suitable for refining into transportation fuels. The filtered synthetic crude oil stream contains quinoline insoluble (less than 0.10 wt.%). Preferred Components: The input coal contains sulfur compounds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transesterification catalyst (0.001-20 wt.%) is sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The salt-like compounds are chlorides, bromides, fluorides, acetates, formates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, borates, silicates, aluminates, alkoxides or hexacyanoferrates of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc or iron. The titanates are tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate or tetraisopropyl titanate. The non-salt-like compounds are ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, formamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-ethyl acetamide, propanamide, N-methyl-propanamide, N-ethylpropanamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The concentration of the activator is 0.01-25 wt.%. The monovalent alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol or tert-butanol, amyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol and/or 2-ethylhexanol. Preferred Process: The transesterification is carried out at 0-200 degrees C and at a pressure of 0.1-100 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step of applying comprises applying the tannins onto animal litter. The tannins are mixed with the animal litter. The quebracho tannins are applied onto the animal waste to reduce total gas emissions. The quebracho tannins are providing tannins to reduce total gas emissions from the animal waste. Preferred Components: The animal waste is contained within a cistern, pit, lagoon, holding pond, settling pond. The tannins to the animal waste is 0.1-1 wt.%. The quebracho tannins comprise quebracho condensed tannins. The anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria comprises Desulfovibrio sp. and Desulfobulbus sp.. The tannins are formulated in a composition with a carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition is a liquid or solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oleaginous microbial biomass comprises at least one microbe comprising algae, preferably microalgae, cyanobacteria, a yeast, a bacteria, and a mixed culture. The oleaginous microbial biomass comprises a microbial source comprising bacteria, yeast and/or algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oleaginous microbial biomass comprises total microbial lipids and at least some total microbial lipids are converted into their corresponding fatty acid alcohol esters. The microbial lipids further comprises adding a volume of acid catalyst to a volume of alcohol to form an acid alcohol solution, then contacting the acid alcohol solution to the oleaginous microbial biomass. Preferred Components: The microbial lipids comprise at least one lipid comprising triglycerides, five fatty acids, and phospholipids. The alcohol is at least one alcohol comprising methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, or 3-methyl-1-butanol. The volume of acid catalyst added to a volume of alcohol is 0.5-5%, 1-3%, 1.2-2.4% or equal to 18%, preferably 1.8%. The microbial lipids produce a crude mixture comprising fatty acid alcohol esters and alcohol. The step of contacting further comprises: extracting a fatty acid alcohol ester, pigment and chloroform mixture from a water and alcohol mixture, distilling the fatty acid ester, pigment and chloroform mixture to produce a crude fatty acid ester mixture, and distilling the crude fatty acid ester to produce a pure fatty acid alcohol ester; and extracting the crude mixture comprising fatty acid alcohol esters and alcohol with diesel, where the extracting produces a blend of diesel and biodiesel, and purifying the blend of diesel and biodiesel. The acid catalyst is a non-gaseous catalyst, or sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out at -25 degrees C to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Preferred Components: The boric acid derivative is an aryl or a substituted aryl boronic acid. The boric acid derivative comprising phenylboronic acid, 2-chlorophenylboronic acid, 2-nitrophenyl boronic acid, 3-nitrophenylboronic acid, 4-nitrophenylboronic acid, 2-carboxyphenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-4-carboxyphenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-5-carboxyphenylboronic acid, 3-chloro-4-carboxyphenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenylboronic acid, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-4-methylphenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-5-methylphenylboronic acid, 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine-5-boronic acid, or naphthyl boronic acid. The solvent comprising hydrocarbons, ketone, cyclic ethers, aliphatic ethers, nitriles, and/or alkanes. The solvent comprising toluene, benzene, xylene, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, hexane, heptanes, cyclohexane, methylene chloride, and/or dimethylformamide. The solvent is toluene (preferred), methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given    EXAMPLE - Ethyl (S)-2-ethoxy-4-(N-(1-(2-piperidino-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-butyl)-amino carbonylmethyl)-benzoate (4.5 g) was dissolved in methanol (45 ml), followed by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution (0.75 g). The reaction mixture was heated at 60-65 degrees C for 3-4 hours. Methanol (80-85%) was removed from the reaction mixture under vacuum. The remaining reaction mixture was diluted with water (45 ml) and pH was 6.5-7 with 1N hydrochloric acid. The precipitated solid was stirred for 2-3 hours followed by filtration and washed with water (45 ml). The obtained product was further dried at 50-55 degrees C under vacuum for 6-8 hours to afford repaglinide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The polypeptide has at least 70%, preferably at least 90% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.2 or SEQ ID No.24. The nucleotide sequence has at least 60% identity to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No.1 or SEQ ID No.3. The host cell is Escherichia coli, Zymomonas mobilis, Lactococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces sp., Kluyveromyces sp.,Pichia sp., Hansenula sp., Candida sp., Yarrowia sp., Dekkera sp., Aspergillus sp., e.g. A. oryzae, A. niger or A. nidulans, Fusarium sp., Hypocrea (formerly Trichoderma sp.) or Penicillium sp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH value of the flows is less than or equal to 5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal comprises copper and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high surface area graphite comprises 0.5-5 wt.% of ruthenium catalyst. The ruthenium salt is nitrosyl ruthenium nitrate (III) or ruthenium chloride. Preferred Method: The reducing process is performed at 250-500 degrees C. The supercritical water gasification method is performed by setting watertight degree to 0.1-0.5 g/cm3 and reaction temperature to 400-500 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of content of copper to gallium to chalcogen element is 1:1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reaction co-catalyst is compound of transition metal of groups 6-10 of periodic table.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid aqueous solution is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and/or their salts. The concentration of inorganic acid in the aqueous solution is 0.01-1 mol/L. The base material is carbon, nickel, nickel-phosphorus, or nickel-tungsten alloy. The platinum group metal particles having a particle diameter of less than 100 nm are adhered to one surface of the base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The mean pore diameter is 0.5-0.75 nm. Preferred Components: The zeolite is beta -phase zeolite, mardenite type zeolite or L-type zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (e) involves immersing the farmland, and processing straw with herbicide in 10 days advance (if there are many wild grasses). The number of the goslings in the step (f) is 200-500. The step (f) involves seeding ryegrass by constructing breeding room, designing at 15 goslings per square of structure area, setting a medium goose room for spring and winter, designing at 4 goslings per square, allocating a sports ground with size of two times of the room, constructing a big goose room according to 3 goslings per square, and allocating a sports ground with same size to improve the turnover efficiency and disinfect all round. The medium goose room and the big goose room are constructed beside the river. The breeding room is insulated by a pipe and a smoke discharging steel pipe of three-core stove and smoke discharge, and a water pot is prepared for every 10 goslings, where the feeding groove is cut by a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe with the diameter of 75. The winter and the spring in the step (b) is middle of December to last ten-day of March. The goslings are seeded during the last batch to March 20, and the late race is seeded after finished the breed of the last batch. The late race is not seeded after finished the breed of the last batch, from April the Sudan grasses are seeded in 1/3 of the grassland, and the steps in last year are repeated on the remaining of the grassland to seed the early season rice continuously. The fertilizer in the step (g) is excrement, where the biogas residues produced by fermenting the human household waste and sewage in a biogas pool are applied in the farmland as the fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The recycling of purified oxygen comprises controlling the pressure at 2 MPa, performing pressure stabilization and pressure reduction to adjust pressure to 0.30 MPa, introducing air, adjusting the concentration of oxygen mixed with the air to obtain oxygen-enriched air having oxygen content of 21-25%, and subjecting to oxygen enriched combustion
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of alkaline solution is 0.5-10%; and the concentration of acid solution is 0.1-10%. The initial pressure of hydrogen is greater than 1 MPa and less than or equal to 15 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The catalyst is skeleton nickel, skeleton copper, skeleton cobalt catalyst or supported nickel catalyst, copper catalyst, nickel copper, copper zinc, nickel copper zinc metal, multi-metal catalyst, or the combination of nickel or copper catalyst promoted by other group VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IB metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The distilled non-volatile alcohol product is hydrogenated continuously.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The wood fiber biomass is the residue or waste from agriculture and forestry. It is crushed until less than 5 cm. The wood fiber biomass is straw, wooden powder, and woodchip. The solid-to-liquid ratio of wood fiber biomass to alkaline or acid solution is 1:100-1:1. Preprocessing comprises mechanical grinding, electronic beam radiation, acid processing, alkaline processing, oxidation, organic solvent dissolving, compound agent processing, steam blasting, ammonia freezing, and blasting or carbon dioxide blasting. The filtered saccharification solution is decolorized by active carbon absorption column, removed with foreign materials by ion exchange column, and concentrated to 10-50 wt.%. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Specific dibasic alcohols are prepared i.e. 1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,3-propanediol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A water bottle is provided between the valve and the air inlet mouths.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal-hydride material (a) comprises titanium-cobalt compound. The metal-hydride material (b) comprises palladium-silver compound (Pd0.7Ag0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves adding shredded paper to the damp waste material before or during tumbling, so that the pellets that are formed comprise a mixture of digested waste material and paper; and drying the pellets or allowing the pellets to dry. The waste material is obtained from solid phase of anaerobic digester, and the method (M1) further involves preparing the digested waste material by shredding or chopping solids waste material to a preferred size, adding the solids to liquid containing active anaerobic bacteria, and anaerobically digesting the solid waste material for greater than or equal to 6 hours; and subjecting the waste material to composting after anaerobic digestion. The pellets formed have diameters of 10-100 mm. The method (M2) further involves removing the brick from the mold and drying it or allowing it to dry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The drum has a screen in its side surface, having openings to allow particles below a predetermined size to drop out of the drum during tumbling (preferably the screen has a grid sized to allow particles of less than or equal to 10 mm to pass through during tumbling of the waste material). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lipid contains fatty-acid type hydrocarbon. The fatty-acid type hydrocarbon is 16-18C fatty-acid type hydrocarbon. Preferred Method: The method further involves collecting the green alga from the culture solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The glycolate metabolism of the photosynthetically active microorganisms is reduced by an intra-cell inactivation of glycolate dehydrogenase and/or glycolate oxidase. The glycolate production is increased by the over expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and/or the glycolate phosphate-phosphatase. The glycolate elimination is increased by cloning a gene coding for a glycolate transporter and targeting glycolate transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane and/or the membrane of the chloroplasts. The photosynthetically active microorganisms comprises biofilm-forming algae, preferably of the genus Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Apathococcus, Chlorokybus, Stichococcus, Nannochloris, Trebouxia, Keratococcus, and Pseudococcomyxa exhibiting decreased activity of glycolate dehydrogenase and/or glycolate oxidase. Preferred Method: The methanogenesis is carried out using microorganisms of genus Synthrophospora or mixed population of conventional fermentation sumps or biogas plants obtained by glycolate selection.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The membrane is simultaneously the carrier material. The gas inlet is connected to the aerobic compartment with a gas mixing device and/or the gas inlet from the anaerobic compartment is connected with a gas washing device. The device comprises an additional chamber between the aerobic and anaerobic compartments, which are provided with at least one input port and output port for the degassing and the input and output port are separated from the aerobic and anaerobic compartment by the membrane. The membrane carries cationic groups. The membrane comprises polymer-, ceramic- or acetate-membranes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the gas composition is not greater than 1:500, preferably 1-1500:1-2000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The double-purpose fixed combustion furnace comprises a furnace shell, a flue, a furnace door and a gas burner. The furnace door is set on the front surface of the furnace shell. The flue is connected with upper part of the furnace shell. The gas burner is set at the bottom of the furnace shell. The burner enters into the combustion furnace. The gas burner is respectively connected with the gas outlet pipe array cooler and cylinder by a gas pipeline. The top of the relay movable dry distillation kettle is set with a dry distillation kettle cover. The gas outlet pipeline is provided with a gate valve. The cooling and purification system is provided with a three-stage cooling, a primary washing, a three-stage separating and two-stage purifying device. The system adopts increasing transmission and distribution main pipe of air storage tank and the pressure network transmission process, where the transmission and distribution pressure is not greater than 0.09 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The MOF is covalently bound to the material through a functional group comprising alkyl, ester, acetate, alcohol, amine, amide, carboxylate, or thiol. The material is an organic fiber or an inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber is a zirconia fiber. The MOF is MOF 199 and/or MOF 76. The gas is hydrogen, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. Preferred Method: The MOF-modified material is formed by exposing the modified cellulose fibers to a mixture comprising 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, copper(II) acetate, and triethylamine. POLYNERS - Preferred Components: The fibers comprise: 0.1-45 wt.% of MOFs; and atleast 1% surface coverage of MOFs. The material is a fibers or thin film. The fibers are modified cellulose fibers comprising ester-modified cellulose fibers or anionic-modified cellulose fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fiber is a cellulose fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber or a nylon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) comprises the alcohol at a concentration of at least 1 (preferably at least 50) wt.%. (I) further comprises a second alcohol. (I) includes 95% or more renewable carbon content. (I) does not include liquefied petroleum gas. (I) comprises the dimethyl ether at a concentration of at least 10 (preferably at least 50) wt.%. Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, and/or tert-butanol. The second alcohol is methanol (preferred), ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol and/or tert-butanol. The hydrocarbon comprises 2-10C (preferably 5-10C) hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon is ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, propyne, propadiene, n-butane, isobutane, isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and/or 1,3-butadiene. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The pressure flow guiding sleeve comprises inner wall which is a conical structure, where the wall is distributed with involutes type spiral protrusions resistance strips and spiral bumps are distributed with involutes spiral flow guiding slots, and the slots comprise permeable holes. The sleeve is connected with juice cylinder, where inner wall of the sleeve has conical degree of 13-17 degrees . The extrusion molding machine comprises spiral propeller. The machine comprises spiral pushrod speed adjusting device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A rigid support structure is provided, which is designed in the manner of a grid for supporting and/or mounting the non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction. A device is provided for removal and/or maintenance of a biomass conveyor- or transport system. The non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction is formed in a sack manner. The non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction comprises a plastic film as an essential component. The non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction is arranged within the rigid support structure. The non-load bearing shell is flexible and the rigid support structure is suspended via a vertically adjustable sprinkling device. The base comprises a bottom plate made of concrete or strengthened concrete, preferably reinforced shell. The base has a ventilation system. The non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction is operated in a lower region of at least one side wall as a rigid wall. A number of fermenters are arranged in an additional shell, where the additional shell has a reduced heat transfer coefficient than the non-load bearing shell of the fermenter construction. The base has openings for a liquid medium. A line, preferably a rising pipe is provided for the liquid medium, which is located in the vertical direction of the fermenter and extends at least from the region of the base to the bulk material height of the introduced biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The polypeptide (P1) is prepared by cultivating cell which in its wild-type form produces polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide, or cultivating the transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Method: The degraded cellulosic material is further recovered. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fibrous biomass is waste material generated from manufacture of palm oil, solid residue generated from manufacture of bioethanol, or dregs of sugarcane extract.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The yeast is Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma rugulosa , Pseudozyma fusiformata, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Pseudozyma flocculosa , Pseudozyma prolifica and/or Pseudozyma pruni.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises steps of providing a carbon source and a nitrogen source. The cultural temperature of the yeast is substantially 20-30 degrees C. The cultural pH value of the yeast is substantially 6-8. Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is tryptone, gelatin, peptone, yeast extract and/or soytone. The carbon source is glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, sucrose and/or glycerol. The oil comprises a medium-chain fatty acid having 14-20 carbon atoms. The oil comprises saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids suitable for manufacturing bio-diesel oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first catalyst and the second catalyst comprise a heterogeneous catalyst comprising palladium/carbon, platinum/carbon, ruthenium/carbon, nickel/silicon dioxide-alumina, sulfided cobalt molybdenum/ gamma -alumina, zeolite, and/or activated carbon, where the first catalyst is different from the second catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The second temperature and the second pressure are within super-critical conditions. The step of heating the wet biomass is conducted in the presence of a first catalyst, in a reducing atmosphere (preferred) or inert atmosphere, for 55-100 minutes. The step of heating the crude bio-oil and water is conducted: in the presence of the first catalyst or a second catalyst; and in an inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, for 60-300 minutes. Preferred Components: The wet biomass comprises algae having a lipid content of 20-80 wt.% based on the total weight of the biomass solids. The crude bio-oil comprises (in wt.%): carbon (50-80); hydrogen (1-20); oxygen (5-20); nitrogen (1-15); and sulfur (0-5). The upgraded bio-oil comprises (in wt.%): carbon (70-90); hydrogen (1-20); oxygen (1-15); nitrogen (1-15); and sulfur (less than 1). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The connecting elements made of 2 mm stainless steel plate (focal part blank), are bent. The corner angles made of 2 mm stainless steel plate are bent, and are provided with slotted holes. The connecting elements (20 pieces) are mounted into the corner angles (4 pieces).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The agent is obtained gently from ester-containing natural products, preferably by ester cleavage of the ester-containing natural products, and a concentration step by Green Chemistry. The agent contains at least 5% of acids that are obtained by ester cleavage of the ester-containing natural products and a concentration step. The acid derivative-containing natural products are ester-containing natural products, preferably salicylic ester-containing natural products. EXAMPLE - Salicylic acid was obtained from natural products such as wintergreen, which comprised of salicylic esters, mainly methyl esters. These methyl esters were volatile in steam and the main component of the essential oil was extracted from the natural product by steam distillation. The salicylic ester rich essential oils were reacted with alkali metal hydroxide to obtain a water-soluble salt and acidified with naturally occurring hydrochloric acid to precipitate salicylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The Klebsiella strain is Klebsiella (NITE BP-956). Preferred Method: In the method for producing hydrogen and 1,3-propanediol, the glycerol is contained in a biodiesel waste liquid. The method for processing biodiesel waste liquid comprises contacting the raw material liquid and the strain. By decomposing the glycerol in the biodiesel waste liquid while decreasing the glycerol to the predetermined concentration, hydrogen gas or 1,3-propanediol is produced and collected. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of palm kernel shell is 1-30 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing 80% of sewage surplus sludge having 95-99.5 wt.% of moisture content. The method involves performing either methane individual fermentation, hydrogen individual fermentation or hydrogen-methane continuous fermentation by series of processes. The method involves adding byproduct glycerol at the end of hydrogen-methane continuous fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method to accumulate starch in a plant without decreasing plant growth or yield, the heterologous polynucleotide codes for an RNA sequence which upon expression in the plant leads to a reduction in expression of the protein or a gene coding for the protein that aids in starch degradation. The heterologous polynucleotide comprises an inducible promoter, a promoter that drives expression at senescence, or a constitutive promoter, where the promoter is an alcohol-inducible promoter or a senescence-induced promoter. The protein is glucan water dikinase, phosphoglucan phosphatase or beta -amylase. Expression is inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi). The heterologous polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence that is antisense to at least a portion of a nucleotide sequence that codes for the protein that aids in starch degradation. The plant is a monocot or a dicot. Accumulating starch in a plant without decreasing plant growth or yield comprises inhibiting endogenous expression of a protein or a gene coding for a protein that aids in starch degradation throughout the life of the plant, where the plant is complimented with a transgene coding for the protein which was inhibited which is operably linked to a promoter which is only active early in the life cycle of the plant so as to accumulate starch in the plant without a significant decrease in yield or plant growth. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrogen-containing compound is hydrocarbon or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During the catalytic reaction, the apparatus has a back pressure of less than 10 psig at 600-873K. The fuel is electrostatically atomized by an electrostatic injection device through electrospray in any one of cone-jet mode, multi-jet mode and charge injection mode. In the process, evaporating the fuel includes vaporizing the fuel to form droplets of a size less than 25 mu m, which are uniformly spaced. Preferred Components: The catalyst support is alumina foam having 10-100 pores/square inch. The catalyst is: rhodium or other active metals deposited on a gamma alumina support, preferably rhodium/alumina foam; and in contact with the evaporated liquid fuel and oxygen for less than 550 microseconds, preferably 290-550 microseconds. The liquid fuel is an oxygenate having sufficient electrical conductivity for electrospray fuel injection. The source of oxygen is air. The mixing region contains alumina foam support layers for the catalyst and the grounded mesh screen, where the screen is located at sufficiently small distance from the droplet source of 1-2 cm to sustain the electrospray at a low voltage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrostatic fuel injection device utilizes a power of less than 1 mW per nozzle with an external pressure applied less than 10 psig.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygenate is ethanol or 1-butanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating module comprises at least one, preferably many tubes for heating the biological material, where the biological material is transportable through the tubes. The tubes are arranged continuously in the heating- and degassing module using a support for holding, where the degassing module comprises at least one support. The tubes are arranged in the transport direction parallel to one another. The tubes comprise an internal cross-section through which the biological material is carried out. The tubes are spaced apart from each other. The tubes are arranged in housing. The heating element comprises a removable heating mantle (16) for heating the biological material. The degassing module comprises at least one outlet connection (14), through which the discharged gas is removable through the openings arranged in the walls from the degassing module. A suction device is arranged at the degassing module, where the suction device discharges the produced gas through the outlet connection into the degassing module and/or the suction device is in flow connection with the degassing module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The phase separation is carried out by sedimentation, decantation and/or centrifugation. The thermal separation process is a distillation or rectification process. The process is carried out in a continuous or a batchwise manner. The fourth phase separation auxiliaries-enriched liquid phase is recycled to process step (b). Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol and/or methanol. The phase separating auxiliaries are polyvalent aliphatic alcohols or their derivatives, whose boiling point differ by at least 100 degrees C than that of alcohol, preferably glycerin. The phase separation auxiliaries have unlimited miscibility with alcohol and form no azeotropes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the inclusion compound comprises preparing at least one alkaline reacting sol from at least one silicon compound and a sol-forming solvent, dissolving a hydride in the sol or at least one of the sols, optionally combining several sols, allowing gel formation, and drying the gel. Preferred Process: In the process; silicate sol and aluminate sol are separately produced and combined; and the hydride is added to both the sols. The drying is carried out in the heat, preferably at 80-120 degrees C. The hydride-containing sols are adjusted to a pH value of greater than 7.5, preferably greater than 12. Preferred Components: The hydride is a boron tetrahydride, preferably sodium boron tetrahydride. The silicate-based dried gel embedded within the matrix structure contains foreign atoms. The foreign atoms are exclusively or mainly of aluminum atoms. The atomic ratio the foreign atoms to silicon is greater than or equal to 1. The dried gel is a xerogel, preferably an aluminosilicate xerogel. The amount of sodium borohydride is greater than or equal to 20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Sodium aluminate (250 mg) was dissolved in water (1.5 ml) under stirring. Then sodium borohydride (250 mg) was added and stirred to obtain a clear solution (solution 1). Separately, another solution was prepared by dissolving sodium metasilicate (375 mg) in water (1.5 ml) and stirred to obtain a clear solution. Then sodium borohydride (250 mg) was added and further stirred to obtain a clear solution (solution 2). Then, solution 2 was added dropwise to solution 1 to form a gel and stirred for 5 minutes using a glass rod until a viscous, homogeneous white product was formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous polymer films are soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide 0-10 wt.% at 130 degrees C and 1000 hPa. The polymers which are multivalent, hetero-aromatic rings with one or two ring containing nitrogen atoms, are polybenzimidazole, exhibiting a porosity of 5-75% and an average pore diameter of 0.5-50 mu m. Preferred Method: The method further comprises step (5), where the pore forming agent is removed from the resultant film. EXAMPLE - 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine and isophthalic acid were reacted in a reactor, stirred in presence of polyphosphoric acid and heated to obtain a precipitated product as polybenzimidazole. Then 9.1 g of the polybenzimidazole was dissolved in 90.9 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide in a pressure reactor, the solution was filtered and degassed. Then 10.341 g of this polymer solution and 0.377 g of bis (aminopropyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane as a pore forming agent were weighed in a polypropylene beaker with screw cap and were mixed in a centrifugal mixer for 10 minutes at 3500 rotation per minute; (b) after degassing the solution in a film-drawing device, the film was applied with a carrier film polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of 0.175 mm. Then the film was subsequently heated in a convection oven, then the film was separated from the carrier film and washed with hexane for 60 minutes at room temperature on a shaker to obtain the porous polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Recombinant Methods: The microorganisms are prepared by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Microorganism: In the microorganism (A1): the polypeptide that catalyzes pathway step (a) is an acetolactate synthase; the polypeptide that catalyzes step (b) is a ketol-acid reductoisomerase; the polypeptide that catalyzes pathway step (c) is a mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; and the polypeptide that catalyzes the step (d) is an alcohol dehydrogenase. The step (c) is catalyzed by at least one enzyme of the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme of the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway is selected from: a mevalonate kinase, a phosphomevalonate kinase, and a mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. The recombinant microorganism (A1) is a prokaryotic microorganism, preferably selected from a genus of Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Erwinia, Pantoea, Morganella, Pectobacterium, Proteus, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter. The recombinant microorganism (A1) is a yeast microorganism. In the microorganism (B1): the polypeptide that catalyzes step (a1) is an acetolactate synthase; the polypeptide that catalyzes step (b1) is a 3-keto acid reductase; the polypeptide that catalyzes the step (c1) is a mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; and the polypeptide that catalyzes the step (d1) is an alcohol dehydrogenase. The step (c1) is catalyzed by at least one enzyme of the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway, preferably selected from a mevalonate kinase, a phosphomevalonate kinase, and a mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Product: The product is obtained by mixing powder containing the organic substance degradation enzyme, vitamin and/or several minerals. Preferred Organism: The microorganisms bacteria chosen from aerobes, anaerobic bacteria, Zooglea, Sphaerotilus and Enterobacterium, algae chosen from Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and diatoms or protozoa chosen from Amoeba, ciliates and Mastigophora. The microorganisms are included using microcapsule. Preferred Enzyme: The organic substance degradation enzyme is one or more chosen from carbohydrase, proteolytic enzyme, stearolytic enzyme, plant tissue degradation enzyme and vegetable fiber degradation enzyme. The organic substance degradation enzyme is pineapple enzyme. Preferred Component: The powder is a porous material powder. The fiber disposable toiletry material is toilet paper chosen from tissue paper, paper diaper and sanitary product. The vitamin and/or mineral adhere to the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves contacting lignocellulosic biomass with any one type of microorganism, preferably Streptomyces-derived recombinant protein having hydrolase activity, which comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 2-16 (even numbers) in which one or more amino acid residues are substituted, deleted, inserted or added, with lignocellulosic biomass saccharogenic amylase. The method involves contacting lignocellulosic biomass with any one type of microorganism, preferably Streptomyces-derived recombinant protein encoded by DNA having one of 8 (1077-3060) base sequences (SEQ ID NOs: 1-15) (odd numbers) all fully defined in the specification or polynucleotide capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions with SEQ ID NOs: 1-15 (odd numbers) or its complementary sequence. The lignocellulosic biomass saccharogenic amylase is derived from microorganism other than Streptomyces. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous electrodes contains catalyst particles mixed with carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The surface of visible light response-type photocatalyst is modified with platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device is used with degassed or partially degassed water. The object with capillary openings has a cylindrical or a cylinder-like shape. The object with capillary openings has an imaginary axis with defined surface area, and is not completely closed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The liquid fertilizer comprises 100 mg/l or more of nitrogen ion. Preferred Method: The low aeration treatment is repeated. The low aeration treatment is performed with dissolved oxygen value of 0-3 mg/l. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring fertilizer activity in cherry tomato field, liquid fertilizer increases yield of tomato to 93.8%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The upper cover and bottom of the case are adhered with a fabric tape. A rectangular ventilation hole is made on upper cover and bottom, and covered with fine gauze to prevent penetration of small fly. The bottom of the case is made double bottom to maintain space at the bottom for air permeability. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: At the time of the solidification molding, the waste edible oil is mixed with other biomass resources e.g. wood chip, saw dust and chaff, and coagulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds, hydrogen peroxide is added directly to the enzyme reactor or optionally hydrogen peroxide is generated in situ by adding the enzyme GOD using glucose as substrate. The method further comprises controlling rate of addition of enzyme substrate (hydrogen peroxide or glucose) based on the measurement of dissolved oxygen in the enzyme reactor (Stage I). Separating the enzyme reactor outlet (stage I) into two streams comprises using an ultrafiltration membrane, where a stream containing the enzyme/s (MnP or VP and/or GOD) is returned to the enzyme reactor (Stage I) while the second stream, containing the oxidative species of manganese (III) is introduced into the reactor degradation (step II). Rate of addition of the enzyme MnP or VP is in a range from 25 to 500 units (U)/L, and optionally, when the peroxide is generated in situ by the enzyme GOD, the addition ration between GOD and MnP or VP is 1.43 (mg MnP or VP/mg GOD). Continuous or semi-continuous addition of hydrogen peroxide in the enzyme reactor (Stage I) comprises velocities between 5 and 100 mu mol/L/minute and, optionally, when hydrogen peroxide is generated in situ by the enzyme GOD, the minimum speed of addition of glucose is 50 mu mol/L/minute. The method also comprises adding chelating agents in the enzyme reactor (Stage I) at speed of between 5 and 250 mu mol/L/minute; and adding manganese (II) in the enzyme reactor (Stage I) with speed of between 0.5 and 100 mu mol/L/minute. Enzymatic reactor operation (step I) is at temperatures between 10 and 50 degrees C and at pH values between 4 and 8. Degradation reactor operation (stage II) is at temperatures between 10 and 90 degrees C and at pH values between 3 and 9. Operation of a reverse osmosis system, after the degradation reactor (Stage II), comprises ratio between the flows laminin of the concentrate stream and the permeate stream equal to 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light fraction (75 wt.% or more) has boiling point of 325 degrees C or less. The heavy fraction (75 wt.% or more) has boiling point of 325 degrees C or more. The bio-oil has oxygen content of 15-25 wt.%. The oxygen content of hydrotreated light fraction is 50% of oxygen content of light fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: an isomerization reactor configured to isomerize the reaction product by contacting it with an isomerization catalyst at isomerization conditions; and a propane fractionation unit configured to separate propane from the propane-rich sponge oil exiting the contact drum. In the system, a portion of the hydrocarbon fraction is provided directly to a fractionation unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of providing comprises: obtaining the sponge oil from a hydrotreating unit, and/or a fractionation unit in a system for converting bio-renewable feedstock into green diesel fuel; and providing sour sponge oil. The contacting step produces purified recycle gas and propane-rich sponge oil. The method further comprises: sulfiding a deoxygenation catalyst; the step of using the purified recycle gas to convert the bio-renewable feedstock into the green diesel fuel; fractionating the propane-rich sponge oil into propane and propane-free sponge oil; and recovering the propane, and using the propane-free sponge oil as the sponge oil to treat the hydrogen recycle gas. The step of removing light hydrocarbons comprises: contacting the hydrogen recycle gas with sponge oil comprising sour sponge oil; removing in a contact drum; and providing the sponge oil from a fractionation unit in a hydrotreating system, and/or a hydro processing system, preferably in the same hydro processing system used to produce the green diesel fuel. The step of separating the light hydrocarbons comprises producing propane-free sponge oil.The sponge oil comprises sour sponge oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises at least 1 (preferably at least 80) wt.% of the metal titanate. The catalyst further comprises a support comprising silica, alumina, silica-alumina, carbon and/or molecular sieves. The metal titanate comprises calcium titanate, barium titanate or zinc titanate (all preferred), magnesium titanate, copper titanate, nickel titanate, iron (II) titanium oxide, cobalt titanium oxide, manganese (II) titanium oxide or lead (II) titanate. The metal titanate has a perovskite structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The feed is contacted with the catalyst at a temperature of less than 500 degrees C (preferably 250-350 degrees C) and at a pressure of 100-1000 kPa absolute. The feed is contacted with the catalyst at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 0.2-5 hours-1, in a fixed bed reactor (4) or slurry bed reactor. The process further comprises introducing a stripping gas stream capable of removing carbon dioxide or water vapor. The feed is contacted with the catalyst without the addition of hydrogen gas. Preferred Components: The product has a final oxygen content of at least 20% (preferably at least 50%) less than the initial oxygen content of the feed. The biologically derived oil is derived from a plant source and/or an animal source. The biologically derived oil comprises fatty acid methylester or pyrolysis oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives and/or products are: main nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and/or magnesium; and micro-nutrients including boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon and cobalt. The additives and/or products exhibit nutrient-release retardants for improving the long-term effect of fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The mixing device is arranged in the conveying direction of the biomass after the drying device or before the drying device. The mixing device is arranged such that the additives and/or products are introduced into the drying device. The mixing device comprises a mixing screw, and a pre-mixing unit. The mixing device has separate feed lines for each additive and/or each product. The drying device comprises: a heat exchanger, which is connected to the biogas plant via an air inlet line; and a suitable heat source. The drying device comprises at least one exhaust outlet, which is connected to an ammonia scrubber. The ammonia scrubber is formed to produce a fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate. The drying device is designed as a drum dryer having at least one screw conveyor, which is arranged at the inner periphery of drum dryer. The drying device is designed as a belt dryer or vacuum dryer. A packaging device is provided for fertilizers produced from the additives and/or products of biomass. A packaging device for a liquid fertilizer produced from the biomass waste air is arranged after the ammonia scrubber. An analysis device for analyzing biomass supplied to the drying device is arranged before the drying device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microorganisms are microorganisms with nitrate respiration ability which produces nitrite ion by performing nitrate respiration by making nitrate ion into terminal electron acceptor, Escherichia coli or recombinant Escherichia coli.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electron-acceptor substance is nitrate ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode substrate is carbon felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, glass carbon, carbon black or graphite. The carbon material is graphite, glassy carbon, carbon black, carbon felt, carbon paper or carbon cloth. The strong acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The cement is silicate cement. The additive comprises a chelating agent and an antifreeze agent, where the chelating agent is aminoxatyl complexing agent, which is specifically taken from ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, amino triacetic acid or ethylene diamine tetra-propionic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Step (1) utilizes panda excrement or livestock excrement as a source of white rot fungi so that the fundamental fermentation sludge obtained comprises (pts. wt. on dry basis) panda excrement (1-3), livestock excrement (20-50), and brewery anaerobic sludge (50-70). Step (2) is performed to provide the fermentation substrate comprising (pts. wt. on dry basis) fundamental fermentation sludge (3-8), plant straw (30-50), tannery sludge (1-3), and water (100-200); and having a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 30:1. Step (3) employs a batch anaerobic fermentation device. The biogas is collected by employing a water discharging and gas collecting method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The bacterial liquid comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces albulus or culture medium consisting of Lysogeny Broth culture medium. It has concentration of 400000000/ml. The number percentages of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, S. albulus are 26%, 46% and 28%, respectively. The adding amount of bacterial liquid is 10-20 l/100 kg of biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The rotating speed of stirrer is 5-18 revolutions per minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is straw, peanut shell, tree branch, tree leaf, rice bran, grass, or wheat bran. The crushed biomass has grain size of 2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: About 12-18% dried mushroom bran comprises microbial inoculum. The water content of the mixture is 52-58%. The mass of cow dung is 15-25% of the mushroom bran. Preferred Method: The biogas fermentation is carried out at 32-38 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The inoculum size of the photosynthetic bacteria is 5-10% of the volume of the organic wastewater. Preferred Method: The lower part of the organic wastewater is infused with the nitrogen to make the pressure in the reactor reach 0.1 MPa. The lighting culture time is not less than 96 hours. The luminance is controlled at 2000-3000 Lx. The culture temperature is 25-30 degrees C. The nitrogen product is prepared by sending the organic wastewater having a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 4000-6000 mg/L in the deoxidizing reactor; adding the aerobic active sludge that is 1/15 to 1/20 of the quality of the organic wastewater, infusing air from the bottom of the reactor, consuming the oxygen in the air by joining the reaction, and discharging the gas of the reactor to remove the carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Pre-treating comprises automatically sorting, crushing, sieving, pulping, and removing sand from the food waste, the municipal sludge, and the municipal excrement. Conveying the materials in the homogenizing tank comprises agitating and heating the food waste granules to 35 degrees C in the homogenizing tank, hydrolyzing for 8-12 days, mixing the excrement and sludge granules, reacting for 2 hours, and conveying the material to the anaerobic fermentation tank through the pump. The temperature of the materials is adjusted to 35 degrees C through a temperature compensation system in the homogenizing tank. The pH of the uniformly mixed material is adjusted to 6.5-7.5. The mixed material is retained in the homogenizing tank for 2 hours to decrease the granularity of the solid material to lesser than 20-25 mm. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the material is adjusted to 25:1-30:1. Medium temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 15-20 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves contacting the pre-treated biomass with a heat carrier. The method (M2) involves subjecting the solid biomass to the pyrolysis reaction in step (b) and further involves contacting the solid biomass with a heat carrier, where the pyrolysis reaction is conducted at 400-600 degrees C. Preferred Components: The inorganic material (0.1-4 wt.%) is selected from aluminum sulfate, ammonium hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide. The heat carrier comprises inert material, catalytic material, and/or regenerated catalytic material. The inert material comprises silica sand, a refractory transition metal oxide, refractory clay, and/or calcined mixed metal oxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anhydrous alcohol is selected from ethanol or methanol, preferably anhydrous type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises in addition recovering from the slurry a liquid phase, yielding a biomass extract. The step of recovering the biomass product from the slurry comprises: employing a filter plate or a screen, while exerting a pressure onto the slurry, where the pressure is 0.0005-0.02 MPa; washing steps in a counter current process, and water is applied as the washing liquid in the last washing step; drying to achieve a moisture content of the biomass product of at most 20 (preferably 10) wt.%. The combustion process comprises drying the biomass product recovered from the slurry by exposing the biomass product to outside weather conditions. Preferred Components: The aqueous liquid is water. The pH of the water is 6.5-8.5 (preferably 7-8) as measured at 20 degrees C, and the slurry is maintained at conditions suitable for digestion by the microorganisms for a time of 100-500 (preferably 150-300) hours. The aqueous liquid comprises at least a portion of the biomass extract which was obtained by the process. The pH of the aqueous liquid is 3-6 (preferably 4-6) as measured at 20 degrees C and the slurry is maintained at conditions suitable for digestion by the microorganisms for a time of 0.5-150 (preferably 1-100) hours. The biomass comprises forestry waste, agricultural waste (preferably mown grass). The naturally occurring microorganism comprises microorganisms capable of converting saccharides into lactic acid or lactic acid salts. The aqueous liquid biomass is present at the ratio of 1:1-50:1 (preferably 2:1-20:1), and the conditions suitable for digestion by the microorganisms comprise a temperature of 5-40 degrees C (preferably 10-30 degrees C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hydrogen portion with respect to carbon content in the solid fuel is more than 0.65 to less than 1.1. The molar ratio of oxygen content with respect to carbon content of solid fuel is more than 0.15 to less than 0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mechanochemical reaction is performed by planetary ball mill. Preferred Composition: The catalyst metal is transition metal(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves calcining the Ni/Al layered double hydroxide at 150-800 degrees C for 0.5-12 hours after isolating and prior to treating. The precipitating involves adding a first aqueous solution of a salt of Ni and a salt of Al to a second aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) where pH of solution at end of addition is pH 13. The adding is done dropwise and vigorous stirring is maintained during the adding. The isolating is performed by a cycle of (a) centrifuging, (b) decanting and (c) washing with deionized water until the washing attains a neutral pH. The precipitating and aging steps are conducted at room temperature. The treating step is performed at 350 degrees C for 2.5-3.5 hours. The calcining step is performed at 450 degrees C for 2.5-3.5 hours. The process involves use of Ni(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 as starting materials at an atomic ratio of Ni to Al of 2:1-4:1. Preferred Components: The Ni/Al atomic ratio is 0.9:0.1-0.5:0.5 (preferably 0.8:0.2-0.65:0.35). EXAMPLE - A solution of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and Al(NO3)3.9H2O (0.2 mol.%) in deionized water (210 ml) was added dropwise at room temperature to an aqueous solution (330 ml) containing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (30 g) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (48.6 g). Vigorous stirring was maintained throughout the 60 minutes addition period. The resulting precipitate was left to age in the reaction mixture under gentle stirring at 75 degrees C overnight and was isolated by a cycle of centrifuging/decanting/washing with deionized water until the washings attained a neutral pH. The resulting solid was dried at 60 degrees C in a vacuum oven to obtain nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst filled in chromatography reactor contains hydrogen-type ion-exchange resin (C1) and solid acid comprising sulfated zirconia, sulfated titania or tungstic acid zirconia. The catalyst in catalyst apparatus comprises metal oxide catalyst containing calcium oxide, strontium oxide or barium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Raw fuel is town gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves pressurizing the biomass before the feeding of the biomass into the vessel with a pressure transfer device. At least the upper trays are a mesh, screen or have perforations and the heating and drying of the biomass includes passing the gas through the biomass and the trays. The trays below the upper trays are solid such that the gas does not pass through the tray. The lower elevation of the vessel at where the gas is extracted for circulation is adjacent a lower tray of the trays. The gas is injected into the vessel at two elevations where the gas is hotter when injected at a lower elevation of the two elevations than the gas injected at an upper elevation of the two elevations. Below an elevation of the vessel from which the gas is extracted, the biomass continues to cascade down through at least one of the trays. The method further involves injecting the gas in the biomass to purge oxygen from the biomass. The injection occurs before the biomass enters the vessel or as the biomass enters the vessel. Preferred Components: The gas is at least one of superheated steam, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Assembly: The torrefaction pressurized reactor vessel assembly further comprises pressure transfer device which pressurizes and feeds the biomass to the reactor vessel; vertical rotating shaft extending through center axis of the reactor vessel and at least one of the scraper device and trays are fixed to the shaft; and biomass supply bin a conduit conveying the pressurized, reduced oxygen gas to the biomass supply bin. The gas circulation system further comprises heat exchanger. The reactor vessel includes lower region devoid of trays and receiving the biomass material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves mixing a residual liquid of the culture solution from which microbial cell is separated, subjecting the solution containing microbial cell to aerobic microorganism decomposition separately to obtain sludge, and separating the sludge and water from the product, where the sludge is separated into solid and liquid. The method further involves regulating moisture content of the residual liquor of the culture solution from which microbial cell is separated, squeezing the culture solution into juice, and utilizing obtained juice as base material for fertilizer. The method involves dry processing the waste culture medium after spin-drying to obtain culture medium with required moisture content. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal ion is zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ligand in which bidentate coordination is possible, is 2,6-di(4-pyridyl)-benzo(1,2-c:4,5-c')dipyrrole-1,3,5,7-(2H,6H)-tetron derivative of formula (II), N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetra-carboxy-di-imido derivative of formula (III), or 2,9-di(4-pyridyl)-anthra(2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f')diiso quinoline-1,3,8,10-tetron derivative of formula (IV).R5-R42=H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, formyl, H, nitro, cyano, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, halo, acyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ligand (II) is trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene and/or 4,4'-azobipyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell carbon complex separator is made polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyphenylene liquor fade, liquid crystalline polymer, polyether-ether-ketone, polyimide and polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction involves extracting at 30-50 degrees C and pressure of 25-35 MPa with a supercritical carbon dioxide flow rate of 20-35 kg/hour for 1-6 hours, and analyzing the extract at analytical temperature of 45-60 degrees C and pressure of 4-11 MPa with an entrainer (ethanol) volume fraction of 70-95%. The ethanol volume fraction in the Soxhlet extraction is 50-70%. In the step (c), the concentration and filtration through membrane involves treating the eluent with an ultrafiltration membrane initially and then concentrating the filtrate with a nanofiltration membrane, where the ultrafiltration membrane is a hollow ultrafiltration membrane having a cut-off molecular weight of 3000-8000, and the nanofiltration membrane has a cut-off molecular weight of 200-300 and is made of polyether sulfone or polytetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macroporous adsorption resin utilized in the step (c) is one of XDA-1, ADS-7, NKA and HPD450.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The liquid domestication culture medium is prepared by providing liquid domestication culture base comprising ammonium sulfate (5 g), potassium phosphate (2 g), sodium hydrogen phosphate (2g), sodium chloride (2 g) and mixed peanut oil (20 g); and adding water to 1 L, adjusting pH value to 7, sterilizing, and obtaining liquid domestication culture medium. The preliminary screening culture medium is prepared by providing peptone (10 g), sodium chloride(5 g), calcium chloride heptahydrate (0.1 g), agar (9 g), adding water to 1 L, adjusting pH value to 7.4, sterilizing, cooling to 40-50 degrees C, adding 1% Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), and sterilizing. The composite colony is a mixture of two or more single colony. The screening shaking bottle culture medium is prepared by providing peanut oil (0.5 g), ammonium sulfate (5 g), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (2 g), sodium hydrogen phosphate (2 g), sodium chloride (2g), adding water to 1 L, adjusting pH value to 7, sterilizing, and screening to obtain shake flask culture medium. The base fermentation culture medium is prepared by providing yeast extract (1 g), ammonium sulfate (5 g), dipotassium hydrogen sulfate (2 g), sodium hydrogen phosphate (2), and peanut oil (20), mixing, adding water to 1 L, adjusting pH to 7, sterilizing, and obtaining base fermentation culture medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biological method depth processing garbage leachate is carried out with salt algae, enteromorpha, blue-green algae and algae. The treatment of percolate is done using bitter salt, struvite, and anaerobic generated biogas residue and mud of ecological green fertilizer by fermenting. Composite artificial wetland is composed environmental mineral material, plant and combined microbe or block.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The environmental mineral material is lignite, peat, coke powder and/or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar heat-collecting evaporator comprises a light gathering cover, a vacuum collecting pipe. The light gathering cover is connected with each vacuum collecting pipe. The collecting pipe inlet is connected with the crude slide storage tank outlet, and the outlet of the collecting pipe is connected with the vapor-liquid separating inlet. The solar heat-collecting evaporator and the collecting pipe are 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane. The collecting pipe inlet is located on the lower inclined surface, and the outlet is located upper inclined surface. The collecting pipe outlet of the solar heat-collecting evaporator is equipped with a liquid level sensor. The vapor-liquid inlet is set at the bottom, and the gas outlet at the top of the gas-liquid separation package. The gas-liquid separator comprises a liquid level sensor, which is electrically connected with the liquid level controller through a wire. The pipeline is connected to the solar heat-collecting evaporator and crude slipped storage tank with the feeding pump, and the feeding pump is electrically connected with the liquid level controller through the wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the photobioreactor system, light emitted from the LEDs is the only light within the system. The LEDs are controlled by a system based upon inputs from sensors surrounding the chamber. Preferred Method: In simultaneously generating algal biomass carotenoids and reducing nutrient loads in starch wastewater, the heterogenous organisms are Bacillus subtilis and Haematococcus pluvialis. The closed photobioreactor system has a chamber with a height to diameter ration greater than two and lit by an artificial lighting system comprised of LEDs arranged in a spaced configuration. In producing biofuel, the mineral medium contains bicarbonate. The co-culture comprises a methylomicrobium bacteria (MOB) species and cyanobacteria Synechococcus. Preferably, the co-culture comprises Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z and cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. FCC 7002. It is incubated at a pH of 8.3. The method further comprises recycling headspace gases. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In isolating oil from microorganisms in aqueous media, the microorganisms are optionally lysed or ruptured. The microorganisms are intact cells. Microorganisms are selected from algae, fungi, yeast, bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plant cells. Algae is selected from Athrospira, Bacillariophyceae, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Crypthecodinium, Cyanophyceae, Cyclotella, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Nannochloropsis, Navicula, Nitzschia, Phaeodactylum, Scenedesmus, Schizocytrium, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Tetraselmis, Thaustochytrids, Ulkenia, Xanthophyceae, and algae that is genetically engineered to enhance or alter lipid production. The oil is a lipid, where the lipid is neutral. The method is performed at a temperature below about 50 degrees C. The amount of CO2 added to the media containing the microorganisms is at a volume below which CO2 is a solvent. Additional bioproducts are optionally isolated or secreted from the microorganisms. The process is continuous. The method further comprises a centrifuge, a cyclone, or other phase separating device for phase separation. The source of the CO2 is selected from coal-fired power plant, ethanol biorefinery, and other industrial source. The CO2 is removed from the oil phase. It is recycled. The aqueous phase is recycled as growth medium for photosynthetic microorganisms. The oil obtained in (b) is re-circulated back to the media containing the microorganisms to increase separation efficiency and isolate additional oil from the microorganism. In obtaining oil from oil that is secreted or released from whole cell microorganisms in aqueous culture medium, the whole cell microorganisms are immobilized to a solid substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cobalt cations are comprised of Co2+ and Co3+ cations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ionomer membrane comprises a polymer having an equivalent weight of 800-1000. The ionomer membrane is a reinforced membrane, dense membrane, extruded membrane, solvent cast membrane, hydrocarbon ionomer, partially fluorinated ionomer, highly fluorinated ionomer, or perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: isolating at least one of carotenoids, omega -3 fatty acids, glycerin, carbohydrates, and polar lipids; isolating polar lipids from impurities components that are not polar lipids; processing the polar lipids into at least one of lubricants, detergents, and food additives; isolating carotenoids from non-carotenoids components; isolating lecithin found in the water immiscible fraction carotenoids and other non-lecithin components; isolating omega -3 fatty acids from non-fatty acid components; isolating eicosapentaenoic acid found in the third substantially liquid fraction from non-fatty acid components; isolating docosahexaenoic acid from non-fatty acid components; and isolating glycerin from non-glycerin components. Preferred Components: The first, second, and third solvent sets comprises an alcohol. The first, second, and third solvent sets comprises at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The hybridization is conducted at 42 degrees C in 50% formamide, 6x saline-sodium citrate, 5x Denhardt's solution, 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 100 mu g/ml denatured carrier DNA followed by washing two times in 2x Saline sodium phosphate EDTA (SSPE) and 0.5% SDS at room temperature and two additional times in 0.1 SSPE and 0.5% SDS at 42 degrees C. In method (M2): the contacting step further comprises the addition of at least one endoglucanase and at least one cellobiohydrolase. In method (M2) the pretreatment is with a dilute acid. Preferred Components: The polynucleotide is an RNA molecule. The enzyme is derived from Trichoderma reesei. The host cell and the recombinant host cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell. The host cell is a filamentous fungi or yeast cell. In antisense oligonucleotide the host cell is a filamentous fungi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The % identity is calculated using the Clustal-W program in MacVector version 6.5, operated with default parameters, including an open gap penalty of 10, an extended gap penalty of 0.1, and a Blosum 30 similarity matrix. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The microorganism biomass includes acetogens, acetoclastic methanogens and hydrogen utilizing methanogens.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises iridium or rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: separating the crude acetic acid product in a flash unit to form a flashed stream and a catalyst recycle stream; and separating, in not greater than one separation column, the flashed stream into a distillate comprising an alkyl halide and an alkyl acetate, and a residue or a side stream comprising the mixed acid feed. The step of separating comprises: separating a first portion of the crude alcohol product into an ethanol stream and a higher alcohol stream; purifying the ethanol stream to form a purified ethanol stream; and combining at least a portion of the higher alcohol stream with the purified ethanol stream to form the alcohol composition. The carbonylating forms a crude acetic acid product. Preferred Components: The higher acid is propionic acid, and the mixed acid feed comprises at least 0.04 wt.%, 0.08 wt.% or at least 0.5 wt.%, propionic acid. The mixed acid feed comprises 0.04-20 (preferably 1-8) wt.% propionic acid. The mixed acid feed comprises 80-99 wt.% of acetic acid and 0.01-20 wt.% of higher acid. The alcohol composition comprises 92-99 wt.% ethanol and 0.01-8 wt.% propanol. The mixed acid feed comprises acetic acid, the higher acid and acetone, and the crude alcohol product further comprises isopropanol. The alcohol composition comprises: less than 1 wt.% higher alcohols, preferably less than 0.5 wt.% higher alcohols; or 0.01-20 (preferably 0.5-10) wt.% higher alcohols. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The shift catalyst contains copper and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid organic waste is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 cm. The dry matter content of the suspension is adjusted to 10-40% before heating. The pH of the suspension is adjusted to 3-6.9, preferably 3-3.5, before heating. An elevated pressure, preferably 5-15 bars is generated in the reactor before heating, by introducing the inert gas. The suspension is heated to 170-320 degrees C and maintained at this temperature. The suspension is maintained at greater than 170 degrees C for 0.5-16 hours. The separation of the suspension into solid- and wastewater fraction is carried out by mechanical separation process, preferably decantation, filtration and/or centrifugation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hanging plate is located on the three-way outlet pipe which is connected to the upper bottle port. The upper bottle port is set between a first visible mounting hole and a second visible mounting hole. The hanging plate is set on the air inlet control switch. The three-way outlet pipe with upper interface, lower interface and the side joint are equipped with a tapered sealing ring. The outer part of the tapered sealing ring is provided with a locking screw cap. The lower interface is connected to the locking screw cap and air outlet by the tapered sealing ring. The sealing column is connected to the pressure gauge by the locking screw cap. The upper bottle port and lower bottle port are provided with a sealing ring and an inner cover. The outer part of the upper and lower bottle ports are provided with a locking cover. The lower bottle port is connected to a V-shaped cavity. The other end of the V-shaped cavity is connected with the air inlet cavity and air outlet cavity. The desulfurization shell, hanging plate, clapboard, three-way outlet pipe, air inlet control switch, sealing column, inner cover, and locking cover forms an injection molding, which are manufactured by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) engineering plastic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas sediment in the sedimentation area is provided with a converse pipe under gas pressure. A surge device is connected to the feeding pipe which is passed to the aerobic pool. A residual liquid is transferred to the liquid storage pool by the overflow hole. The biogas slurry is transferred by a U shaped pipe set in the fabric tube. The surge device passes the flushed excrements to the anaerobic fermentation tank by a connecting pipe for carrying out fermentation. The incompletely fermented scum floats in the U shaped pipe and set close to the zero water level, is passed to the surge device by the connecting pipe and is continuously discharged to the aerobic pool to carry out aerobic fermentation. The fabric tube with the feeding pipe axially rotates along 180 degrees in the anaerobic fermentation tank, so as to uniformly complete the fabric material. The surge device comprises three U-shaped pipes, and a check valve set at an outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The sewage is domestic sewage, factory sewage or winery industrial sewage. The oil plants comprises hemp tree foliage, Eucalyptus leaf branch, Ricinus communis or Ricinus communis foliage. The soaking-fermentation is performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 16-24 hours. The combustion improver is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is Enterobacter asburiae SNU-1 (KCCM 10647P).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel supply portion is mounted with sensor for controlling pH to 6-7, preferably 6. The reformer further comprises stirring device and/or heating unit. The heating unit has a temperature of 30-42, preferably 40 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The biomass is crop stalk including corn, wheat and peanut shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The pre-treatment enzyme is beta -glucanase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of dried duckweed powder and water is 1:3-6. The mixed vitamin liquid comprises (g/l) inositol (0.85), vitamin B1 (0.35), vitamin B6 (0.004), nicotinic acid (0.004), p-aminobenzoic acid (0.007), biotin (24 mu g/l), and pantothenic acid (35 ml/l). The S. cerevisiae seed liquid is prepared by mixing (g/l) glucose (100 g/), yeast powder (8.5), ammonium sulfate (1.3), magnesium sulfate (0.1) and calcium chloride (0.06); sterilizing at 115 degrees C for 20 minutes; inoculating S. cerevisiae under aseptic condition at 30 degrees C while stirring at a speed of 150 revolutions/minute for 14 hours; and diluting to obtain liquid having growth capability (OD620) of 1-1.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The aeration process is carried out by heating the sludge. The aeration gas to which siloxane compound is transferred, is burned and incinerated during aeration of sludge. The digestion gas is recycled as gaseous fuel for aerating the sludge. The sludge after digestion process is burned using aeration gas to which siloxane compound is transferred as supporting gas. Digestive pre-processing is performed to the sludge after digestion. The digestive pre-processing is a process chosen from at least one of addition of alkali chemicals, ultrasonic irradiation, and ozone exposure. Preferred Component: The aeration gas is gaseous fuel or air. Preferred Apparatus: The production apparatus of digestion gas further has a heating apparatus (22) which heats the sludge, water-removal device (50) which spin-dries the sludge after digesting, and a combustion furnace (60) which burns the sludge after spin-drying. The aerator is equipped with stirring apparatus (32) which stirs the sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heat exchanger is provided with an inlet for material heating, which is connected to the vapor cast. The vapor cast is directly connected to the heater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Oil Generation System: The system further comprises a nitrogen source utilized by the working microorganism, where the nitrogen source includes a sodium ammonium (Na(NH4)). The saccharide includes a sucrose. The oil includes a fatty acid of C14-C20. The oil includes an unsaturated fatty acid. The working microorganism has an 18S rDNA sequence of a defined nucleotide sequence of 1196 bp (SEQ ID NO: 7), given in the specification. The working microorganism has a 26S rDNA sequence of a defined nucleotide sequence of 1230 bp (SEQ ID NO: 8), given in the specification. The working microorganism has an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of a defined nucleotide sequence of 1212 bp (SEQ ID NO: 9), given in the specification. The working microorganism breaks down the carbon source to produce the oil. The carbon source includes a saccharide. Preferred Method: In the method for producing an oil, the oil-generating microorganism includes one selected from Cystofilobasidium bisporidii, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum and their combination. Utilizing the oil-generating microorganism to produce the oil comprises a step of breaking a carbon source by the oil-generating microorganism. The method further comprises providing a nitrogen source to be utilized by the oil-generating microorganism, where the nitrogen source includes Na(NH4). The method further comprises using the oil as a biodiesel oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The block-shaped biomass fuel is obtained by crushing raw material, fermentation processing, heat-processing, grinding, kneading and molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of organic substance based on organic waste and paper waste in to-be-processed object is 5-15 g.VS/L/day. Solid content concentration in digestive liquid formed during methane fermentation treatment is less than or equal to 10 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Digestive liquid formed during methane fermentation treatment has pH of 6.5-8.5. Concentration of ammonia in digestive liquid formed during methane fermentation treatment is less than or equal to 7000 mg/L. Concentration of organic acid in digestive liquid formed during methane fermentation treatment is less than or equal to 8000 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layer is made of aluminium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum pent oxide, titanium dioxide zirconium oxide, tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, indium oxide, tungsten trioxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, silicon nitride, boron nitride, titanium nitride, silicon carbide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, tungsten boride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ratio of height and diameter of the reactor is greater than or equal to 3. The lower end of the oil inlet is provided with a freely detachable filter piston.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first and the second stage plug flow reactor are composed of two stage piston flow reactors at constant temperature hot water in the water bath. The lower end of the separator is provided with a glycerol outlet. The second stage plug flow reactor is one side of the bottom end is provided with crude biological diesel oil outlet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The overflow water tank upper part is provided with a water inlet and a first stage box body, and lower part of the water outlet and next first stage box body are connected. The precipitation tank is provided with a floating bed. The device comprises at least one precipitation tank, at least one main wetland tank and at least one water tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The crusher is a large one, which adapts to all the non-combustible and non-explosive mineral materials with Moh's hardness less than 9.3 and humidity less than 6% in accordance with the requirements of the crushing of raw material. The stirrer is a rotating blade-type stirrer, which is driven by a high powered motor. The stirrer assures complete mixing of the crushed material with water in order to increase the quality of subsequent briquetting. The briquetting press is a high-pressure swarf briquetting press, which can produce high pressure of 23 MPa and implement block density not less than 5200-5400 kg/m3 in accordance with the standards of the briquetting of raw material. The briquetting press has a block groove for cutting the block into small pieces while briquetting the raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves again culturing the fractionated cell, and re-fractioning the cultured cell. The method involves mixing the cell broth and liposoluble substance extraction solvent, shattering the mixture into pieces under vibration condition, and agitating the mixture. Preferred Device: The device further comprises first peristaltic pump (2), second peristaltic pump (3), cell-cycle line (60), third peristaltic pump (4), acoustic cell filter (41), ultrasonic generator (43), and ultrasonic oscillator (44), reflective film (45), vibration milling apparatus (31) and stirrer (32).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first gas inlet, the first port and the first gas outlet are set on top of the first tank body. The first liquid overflow port is set at the middle and the first liquid discharge port is set at the bottom of the first tank body. The second gas inlet, the second port and the second gas outlet are set on top of the second tank body. The second liquid overflow port is set at the middle and the second liquid discharge port is set at the bottom of the second tank body. The first tank body and the second tank body have the similar structure. The first liquid overflow port and the second liquid overflow port are relatively set opposite to each other in a horizontal position. The first gas inlet is internally inserted into the bottom of the first tank body through the metal pipe with a distance of 100-200 mm. The second gas inlet is internally inserted into the bottom of the second tank body through the metal pipe with a distance of 100-200 mm. The first decompression odor removing tank, the second decompression odor removing tank and the waster water recycling tank are made up of stainless steel material or polypropylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The storage gallipot through an air pipe is connected to the fan, and the residue tube is connected to the sludge tank. The less flow dosing pump is connected to the return pipe, and the return pipe is connected to the dosing hole. The storage gallipot is supported by a support. The tap water pipe, dosing pump pipe, return pipe, air tube and the residue pipe are provided with a valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves pulverizing construction scrap wood as wood type biomass. Preferred Parameter: The particle size of fine powder fraction is less than or equal to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bark is from conifer. Nitrogen contained in water purifying cake is 0.5-3 wt.%. Animal and/or plant organic substance, such as rice bran, hen droppings and/or urea, are added in the composition. The amount of nitrogen in animal and/or plant organic substance is 0.5-6 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The anaerobic bacterium is Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 55025 or ATCC 39236. The lipase enzyme is immobilized in a packed bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process further comprises forming an ester by reacting the non-fermentable acids and alcohols in the presence of a lipase enzyme. Preferred Components: The solvent is supercritical water, supercritical carbon dioxide or aqueous alkaline solution. The oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen, ozone, organic peroxides or hydrogen peroxide. The ester is butyl acetate and alcohol of step (c) is butanol. The acid of step (c) is acetic acid. The biomass is wheat straw or pulping liquor. The phenolic compounds are phenols and/or polyphenols. EXAMPLE - Aqueous solution having lignin (20-80 g/l) at 130-200 degrees C was oxidized by: contacting the solution with oxygen at a partial pressure of 3-10 bar and sodium hydroxide solution (2-10 N), where the reaction products were extracted from the aqueous medium; heating and pressurizing the solution to water supercritical condition in presence of hydrogen peroxide (3.5-15 g/l) for 5 seconds to 5 minutes; pumping the solution and hydrogen peroxide or ozone into the system (comprising carbon dioxide at 31 degrees C and pressurized to 73 atm); and adding solution to de-ionizing water and oxidant was added to that mixture to obtain oxidation products. Oxidation products were separated. Unconverted aromatic and phenolic compounds were extracted from oxidation mixture. These aromatic compounds were recovered through and fed back to oxidation to obtain fuel and fuel additives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The gasification process provides gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, and residue from waste material. The content of carbon dioxide is 30 mol% or more with respect to a total of 100 mol% of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The waste material is conveyed using a transportation vehicle which uses methanol as fuel, and collected. The residue is incinerated, and electric power is generated using steam generated from a boiler and used by an incineration heat recovery boiler. The electric power is used as motive power source for gasification and/or methanol production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The common chamber incorporates a semi-porous membrane which is expanded PTFE. The electrolyte is perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Dolomite is used instead of calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium hydroxide are added to the produced phosphoric acid solution and pH is adjusted to 8-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The crude crystals are melted and water and/or water vapor generated by the addition of water is entrained by sublimation. The temperature of the melt of crude crystals is 100-140 degrees C. The moisture content of N-tert-butyl acrylamide crude crystal is 10-50 %mass. Water is continuously added in the ratio of 0.01-1.0 parts mass/minute with respect to 100 parts mass of water-containing crystals. The sublimed gas of N-tert-butyl acrylamide is cooled by contacting with water and crystals of N-tert-butyl acrylamide are collected by sublimation. The sublimation gas and water are contacted from the top portion of the container which carries out sublimation connection. Preferred Properties: N-tert-butyl acrylamide has purity of 99.5% or more obtained by liquid chromatography method, aasterisk value of 0 to +0.20, basterisk value of 0 to +1.50 in 10 %mass methanol solution and APHA of 15 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The acyl transfer activity is: an acyltransferase activity comprising O-acyl-transferase, S-acyl-transferase or N-acyl-transferase; or a hydrolase activity comprising esterase, lipase or amidase. The acyltransferase activity is derived from Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542. The microorganism expressing the acyltransferase activity is Escherichia coli.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is: a phosphonate ester compound of formula (R-C(=O)-P(=X)(R1O)(OR2)) (II); or a pivaloylphosphonate derivative of formula (R4-C(R3)(R5)-C(=O)-P(=X)(R1O)(OR2)) (III). The acyl compound is ((1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-(2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)2,2-dimethylbutanoate. The reaction medium is a two-phase medium organic solvent/water, preferably an aqueous buffer. The organic solvent is heptane and/or the aqueous buffer is a citrate buffer of pH 5.R-R5 = alkyl, alkene, alkyne, aryl or aralkyl (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Elements: The metal is selected from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The inclined water distribution pipe is arranged according to the inclined angle of the horizontal plane is 30 degrees. The lower half of horizontal water distribution pipe inclined at 60 degrees is provided with a small hole, where the small hole is 25 mm, and its diameter is 3-5 mm. The collector inclined according to 45 degrees to the upper portion is provided with a small hole, in which the small hole is 20 mm, and its diameter is 3-5 mm. The inclined water distribution pipe is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with small hole, in which the distance between small hole is 20-50 mm, and diameter of small hole is 3-5 mm. The average particle size of the gravel is 2-5 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The pulverized garden waste has particle size of less than or equal to 5 cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial strain is Effective Microorganisms (EM) strain or lignin degradation strain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical composting agent is sodium lignin sulfonate or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The continuous washing tower is a plate type structure, where the inner cavity is in parallel provided with two sieve plates. The sieve plate is a sieve plate tower, on which sieves are uniformly distributed. The sieve plate is located at the middle part of the tower body and the upper part is welded and fixed at the tower wall inner side. The sieves on the sieve plate are linearly arranged and parallel to each other having 6-12 mm diameter. Each group of the linearly arranged sieves on the sieve plate are inclined at 60 degrees with coordinate axis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: The system further comprises units for transferring livestock output from the livestock production facility into the algae production facility through the conduit. The system further comprises units for drying algae after interacts with livestock output to obtain at least partially dried biomass with substantial oil content. The livestock output comprises manure, ammonia, carbon dioxide, heat and kinetic airflow. The system further comprises units for supplying energy to the system. The portion of the algae production facility is located within the livestock production facility. The system further comprises a units for conveying algae output from the algae production facility into the livestock production facility. The units for conveying algae output from the algae production facility into the livestock production facility comprise a second conduit connecting the livestock production facility and the algae production facility. The system further comprises housing for storing and shipping the algae production facility, where the housing comprises a shipping container. The algae output comprises oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The filling rate of carrier with respect to the full capacity of the fixed bed is 30-70%. The carrier has specific gravity of 1.5-4.0 g/cm3. The average particle diameter of the carrier is 4-15 mm. The porosity of the carrier is 40-70%. The rate of circulation of target in the fixed bed is 0.1-10 m/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The yeast is isolated from Citrus fruits juice. Preferred Yeast: The Saccharomyces is S.cerevisiae(NITE BP-890). Preferred Method: The method involves using Citrus fruits as raw material. The method involves using portion of heavy liquid as raw material, which is obtained by carrying out three-phase centrifugation of Citrus fruits juice removing liquid. The method involves adding acid to Citrus fruits juice removing liquid. The acid is nitric acid. EXAMPLE - Juice of Citrus fruits was collected from Ehime Prefecture. The mandarin juice removal liquid was diluted. The diluted liquid was smeared on yeast extract-peptone-glucose (YPD) agar medium containing yeast extract (1%), peptone (2%) and glucose (2%). The yeast was culture for 2 days at 30 degrees C. The colonies were obtained and cultured in pure YPD culture medium (pH 6.5-7) containing yeast extract (2%), peptone (2%) and glucose (10%). The yeast having limonene tolerance was screened.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The substrate is selected from soil, digestate from organic waste fermentation, or sludge from water treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gaseous carbon source is bio-methane or natural gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Plant: The plant is further improved because water is obtained from natural water bodies like lakes and ponds, water bodies or artificially formed, such as dams built specifically for electric power generation, provided, takes water for electrolytic treatment parallel to the water inlets for generating electrical energy. Also, water is obtained from natural water bodies like lakes and ponds, water bodies or artificially formed, such as dams built specifically for electric power generation, provided, takes water for electrolytic treatment as part of the water inlets for generating electrical energy. The water is obtained from the output of the electric power generating plant, for reuse, at least in part, in the process of electrolytic decomposition. The electrolytic decomposition installation consists of a set of electrolytic decomposition units, arranged at different height dimensions, parallel to a set of hydroelectric plants which constitute a cascade to take advantage of the water that feeds these plants to decompose by electrolytic treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using spiral conveyor for conveying various combustible plant powder into feeding nozzle. The diameter of spiral conveyor is 80-120 mm, 120-200 mm or 200-300 mm. Each flammable plant powder is burned and dried at high temperature, the obtained gas is entered into the external space for discharging to the atmosphere, and the produced dust is stored in dust collection storehouse. The flammable plant powder is 60-150 pounds per square inch gauge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises chromium (15-25 wt.%) and aluminum (2-8 wt.%). The modification catalyst comprises cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, iridium, and/or their oxides. A co-catalyst is supported in the support layer for improving the activity of modification catalyst. The co-catalyst comprises cerium group oxide, zirconium group oxide, and/or cerium-zirconium group complex oxide. The co-catalyst is supported in an amount 1-25 times the weight of modification catalyst. The modification catalyst is a partial-oxidation catalyst. Preferred Conditions: The heat-processing temperature is higher than the temperature during steady operation of reformer. The heat-processing temperature is preferably 600-1200 degrees C, preferably 850-1000 degrees C, and the heat-processing time is 1 hour or more. The supporting process is carried out by mechanochemical method, wash coating method, impregnation method, adsorption method, spray method, sputtering method, chemical vapor deposition method, and/or coating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The volume ratio of the mixed extracting liquid and enrichment culture liquid is 1-5:10. The normal saline is 0.6-0.9 wt.% normal saline. The weight volume ratio of dewatered sludge and decomposed sludge and normal saline is 0.5-1.5:8-20. The vibration time is 0.5-5 hours. The enrichment culture liquid is obtained by mixing broth glucose culture liquid with sludge percolating liquid at 1:1-9:1 volume ratio. The method uses sludge indigenous microorganism as fermentation agent added in compost sludge for static forced ventilation and fermentation, where amount of fermentation agent added is 0.5-10% based on volume weight ratio of fermentation agent and compost. The composting method is intermittent ventilation method, where ventilation frequency is 15-20 minutes/hour and aeration rate is 0.03-0.13 m3/minute. Static ventilation and fermentation step is conducted in sealed cabinet for 13-15 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode plate is made of iron block or crushed aluminum block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves contacting light liquid with cation exchange resin after removing or reducing alcohol content in light liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogenation catalyst is ceria, niobia, lanthania, magnesia, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia, zeolite Y, zeolite HZSM-5, ferrierite, zeolite beta, clays, zeolites natural or coal active.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass used for obtaining p-menthane is selected from limonene, menthol, geraniol, citral, citronellal, citronellol, benzaldehyde, linalool, phenylpropene, isopulegol or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ejector subjects the input gas to desulfurization. The input gas pipeline system is a natural gas transportation network.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesis gas is fed with a pressure of 30-50 bar to the reactor system. The product gas stream is compressed to a pressure of 60-80 bar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The analyzer further comprises combustion products processing unit for receiving and processing the combustion products downstream of the combustion chamber, where the target gas sensor is disposed upstream of the combustion products processing units. The target gas sensor is disposed downstream of the combustion chamber with only the valve disposed between the target gas sensor and the combustion chamber. The analyzer further comprises controller for controlling the valve, where the controller receives signal from the target gas sensor and switching the valve from its first position to its second position in response to receiving the signal. The gas sensor is combustible gas sensor. The target gas is combustible gas. The target gas is one or more of carbon monoxide, methane, methanal and methanol. The controller is further for adjusting another operating condition of the combustion analyzer in response to the received signal. The target gas sensor is disposed on processing line for receiving combustion products for downstream processing, where the valve is switchable between the processing line and waste line. The analyzer further comprises introduction apparatus for supplying a sample at sample supply rate, and for supplying oxygen at oxygen supply rate into the combustion chamber, where the introduction apparatus is arranged to be controlled by the controller to adjust the sample supply rate and/or to adjust the oxygen supply rate following delivery by the controller of the signal indicative of incomplete combustion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nitride has a structure obtained by substituting tantalum atom in a Ta3N5 rhombic structure for niobium atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The carbon-carbon double bond fragmentation process is performed with the aid of a copper (Cu2+/Cu+) redox couple. The electrochemical reactor that performs the carbon-carbon double bond fragmentation process comprises a cation exchange membrane. The electrochemical reactor that performs the hydrogenation process comprises a solid polymer electrolyte, where hydrogenation process is performed in two sequential reactions by two solid polymer electrolyte reactors working in sequence, the first reaction converting esters or aldehydes to primary alcohols and the second reaction converting the primary alcohols to alkanes. Electrochemical reactor that performs the hydrogenation process comprises a cation exchange membrane. Preferred Method: Hydrogenating comprises first the step of hydrogenating fatty acids to alcohols and subsequently the step of hydrogenating the alcohols to alkanes. The biodiesel source material comprises aliphatic chains of about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms in length. The final alkane composition comprises aliphatic chains of about 8 to about 11 carbon atoms in length. Chemical conversion of biodiesel to alkane composition further comprises reducing the amount of methanol in the biodiesel composition by electrochemical oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The contacting step is performed at a pressure of 100-2500 psig at 500-800 degrees F. Preferred Components: The acidic support is zeolites, molecular sieves and/or alumina-silica. The hydrocracking catalyst comprises nickel, tungsten and molybdenum on a zeolite support. The zeolite support comprises beta zeolite or Y zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluid, prior to being contacted with the catalyst, comprises at least one feed hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 80-1000 degrees F. The feed hydrocarbon is gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, light cycle oil, vacuum gas oil, atmospheric gas oil and/or atmospheric tower bottoms. The feed hydrocarbon is present in the fluid at 0.1-99.9 wt.%. The weight ratio of the fatty material to the feed hydrocarbon is 1:1000-1000:1. The fluid comprises 0.1-99.9 wt.% of the fatty material. The fluid, after being contacted with the catalyst, presents a cloud point of less than or equal to -20 degrees F and a pour point of -20 to 10 degrees F. The fluid, after contacting step, comprises 0.1-99.9 wt.% of 3-30C hydrocarbons. The fatty material is vegetable oil, yellow grease and/or animal fats. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process comprises using 1-15 l of water/kg of the material. The contacting step is carried out at a temperature of 30-75 degrees C for 10-240 minutes. The step (b) is carried out under agitation. The separation of the solid phase and liquid phase is carried out by centrifugation. The aqueous phase obtained from the step (c) is reused to replace the water in step (b). The solid phase obtained form the step (c) undergoes a further extraction according to step (b) to (e). Preferred Components: The water is demineralized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid acid catalyst is zeolite, montmorillonite or heteropoly acid. The ratio of silica and alumina in the zeolite is 2-600. Preferred Condition: The reaction is carried out under microwave exposure. Preferred Structure: The zeolite has basic structure of Y-type, ( beta )-phase, mordenite type or ZSM-5 type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The cyclohexanone is preferably of formula (IV).R1=2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl or 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl group. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Disclosed compounds (III) are prepared i.e. 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-cyclohex-2-enone (IIIa) and 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzo(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)-cyclohex-2-enone.    EXAMPLE - Anisole (9 mmol) and 4-acetyl butyric acid (0.10 mmol), and a mixture of H-Y type zeolite (50 mg) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1 ml) were provided into a reaction tube, reacted at 200 degrees C for 30 minutes, and stirred to obtain 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one at yield of 57.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The single-way valve is connected with a feeding pipe. The single row is connected with a discharging pipe valve. The cylinder piston is further provided with a cleaning port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The three phase separating device is rectangular net shaped structure with reinforced cross arrangement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive gas is oxidizing or reducing gas chosen from hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, ozone, carbon dioxide, phosgene, trifluoromethyl hypofluorite, carbonyl fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, fluorine, nitrogen trifluoride, chlorine, bromine, iodine, methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propyne, propylene, propane, hydrogen iodide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxide (NO), ammonia, and fluorine-containing gas (Y'Fn), or inert gas chosen from nitrogen, helium, argon, neon and krypton, where n is not defined. The content of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is 1-45 vol.%. The dry etching agent further contains gas chosen from tetrafluoromethane, fluoroform, difluoromethane, fluoromethane, perfluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, heptafluoro-2-hydridopropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane, trifluoropropane, 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, trifluoropropyne, octafluorocyclobutane, hexafluorobutadiene, octafluorocyclopentene, and perfluorocyclopentane.Y'=Cl, Br or I;andn=1-7.Preferred Process: 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene, gas chosen from hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide, and/or carbonyl fluoride are processed with volumetric-flow-rate ratio of 1-45:1-50:5-98, using argon, so that sum total of volumetric-flow-rate ratio of each gas is 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas purifier comprises a first and a second purification cylinder connected through a connecting pipe, equipped with a valve. The first purification cylinder is provided with an air inlet at the upper end, an air outlet at the lower end and a filter. The second purification cylinder is provided with an air outlet at the upper end and a filter. The filter is a network structure with a mesh area of 0.75 cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The valve of the methane generating system is connected with heating shower. The methane generating system comprises heater (8), heating box (6) on the heater and is connected with spray head (7), and floor drain (13) arranged on the ground and connected to the methane tank by a pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tank body is set with an inlet or a discharge port, a pressure gauge, a releasing outlet, a safety valve and a second fast inserting joints which is connected to an air outlet pipe. A viewing mirror is set on the tank body. The bottom part of the tank body is provided with a material support. The material support is provided with a gas distributing pipe which is fixed on the side wall of the tank body. The gas distribution pipe is connected to an inlet pipe with first fast inserting joints. The material support is further provided with a gas distribution plate. The braking device comprises brake beams set on two opposite sides of the support which is fixed on the tank body. A brake rod is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tank body. An arc brake hoop is horizontally fixed on two end sides of the brake rod. The brake rod is connected to the horizontal brake beams by a spring. The tank body is further provided with a gas-water separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method of making biofuels, further comprises: heating the biomass during at least one of steps (b), (d) or (f) to a temperature below the boiling point of the extraction solvent set at the conditions present during the corresponding step; heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during at least one of steps (b), (d) or (f); recycling at least one of the first substantially liquid fraction comprising proteins, the substantially second liquid fraction comprising polar lipids, or the third substantially solid biomass fraction comprising carbohydrates into at least one of an animal feed, a human food, or a nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; and growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of wastewater by the algal cells. The bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the metal particles to the modifier particles is 1:0.5-1:2, preferably 1:1-1:1.5. The average particle size of the modifier particles is less than 25 (preferably 15) nm. The metal particles comprise microscale metal particles. The average particle size of the metal particles is 1-100 mu m. The metal particles comprise nanoscale metal particles. An oxide layer is naturally deposited on the surface of the metal particles, and a portion of the oxide layer is removed from the metal particles. Preferred Method: The mixing step comprises a mechanically mixing process. The mechanically mixing process comprises a milling process, which pulverizes and mixes the metal particles and the modifier particles. The method for producing hydrogen further comprises: controlling the duration of the milling process sufficient to completely remove an oxide layer deposited on the surface of the metal particles, such that the hydrogen is generated in a relatively short period of time, where the end of the relatively short period of time is the time that the surface of the metal particles is encapsulated by a metal oxide by-product of the products; and controlling the duration of the milling process to remove a portion of an oxide layer deposited on the surface of each of the metal particles, such that the generation of hydrogen conforms to a pitting mechanism and the hydrogen is uniformly generated in a relatively long period of time until the metal particle is totally reacted. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base (b1) is selected from metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal alkoxide, and metal carbonate of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, alkali and alkaline earth exchanged zeolites, and/or mixed metal oxide. The metal oxide is selected from calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide. The metal hydroxide is selected from LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and/or Ba(OH)2. The metal alkoxide is selected from sodium ethoxide, and/or potassium tert-butoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the step of mixing involves selecting the base containing either inorganic base (b1) or nitrogen-containing base (b2). The method (M1) further involves dissolving a solid base in an organic solvent (preferably methanol and/or ethanol) to produce base solution with the total organic solvent concentration in the base solution containing 40-95 vol.%. The step of providing involves determining the water content of the phase stable, reduced acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; and removing at least a portion of the water from the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, and/or the base. The method (M1) further involves removing additional water upon phase separation of the reduced acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing base (b2) contains amine (where the amine is selected from dialkyl amine and/or trialkyl amine; or the amine is selected from pyrrolidine, morpholine, piperidine, N-methyl pyrrolidine, and NR1R2X'), and/or tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (preferably tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and/or tetrapropylammonium hydroxide).R1 and R2=methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, secondary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, or benzyl;andX'=H, R1, or R2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The basin is covered with a flexible impermeable material. The basin is 0.3-1m in depth. The biobed is constructed of materials comprising stones, bricks, broken concrete blocks or leca grains. The biobed has many layers. The biobed comprises a lower low-oxygen layer for de-nitrifying bacteria and an upper layer for nitrifying bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas and for algae to produce oxygen and grow to yield biomass. The system comprises a one-layer biobed with an oxygen concentration gradient. The biobed is constructed at the bottom of a pool. The water is provided to the biobed in channels having walls and in multiple modules, where the walls have tops that are held up so they float at the surface of the water. The waste water treatment system further comprises nets inserted in the biobed. In the waste water treatment system glass fiber nets are inserted in the lower layer and textile fiber mats are inserted in the upper layer. The system comprises a zone separator membrane to reduce oxygen in the lower layer, where there are large openings at intervals of 3 meters in the zone separator membrane to ensure a fast supply of nitrate for the de-nitrification process. The macroalgae is Cladophora. Preferred Method: The process of denitrification is controlled by the amount of algae that is harvested. The method further comprises: using the harvested algae for biogas production and for fertilizer; pre-fermentation and pre-sedimentation of the wastewater before it enters the waste water treatment system; and measuring ammonium and nitrate at the inlet and downstream, and using the measurement to regulate water flow through the lower layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The main reaction zone contains at least a catalyst bed. A part of synthesis gas-fresh gas flow is introduced into the main reaction zone before introducing into the inlet of the second catalyst bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The adjustment of the target pressure takes place either by condensing before main reaction zone and before contacting the synthesis gas-fresh gas flow with recycle flow; or by condensing before the catalyst bed of the post- reaction zone and after deducting the recycle flow after the main reaction zone. The step (b) takes place by an indirect heat exchange against a hot procedure or foreign procedure fluid flow. The step (c) takes place at 200-700 degrees C and 15-120 bar in the presence of methanization catalyst. The step (f) takes place at 150-500 degrees C and 30-120 bar in the presence of methanization catalyst. In the process, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas-fresh gas flow is 0.4:5 mole/mole. The target pressure is 30-120, preferably 30-90 bar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Installation: For industrial installations with the volumes of the bioreactor of 30-100 m3 it is expedient to place the unit of information techniques with automatic measuring of basic parameters and by construction of the system of control in the base of series microprocessor devices, for example, of the type Remikont P-130, on locked temporary cycle (algorithm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The catalyst is calcium oxide group catalyst. The superheated steam generator produces superheated steam using drained warm water (203) generated from gas generator which uses hydrogen rich gas, with electric power generation. The steam generator uses residue of organic material as fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The column is heated at a timed interval to achieve controlled release of the methane. The adsorption temperature is ambient air temperature or greater than or equal to 20 degrees C, or 20 degrees C to less than 100 degrees C. The desorption temperature is 100-300 (preferably 200) degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The gaseous stream further comprises hydrogen. The adsorbent material comprises carbon, porous polymer, carbon molecular sieve, styrene divinyl benzene polymers, ethyl vinyl benzene polymers, ethyl divinyl benzene polymers, vinyl pyrrolidone polymers or vinyl pyridine polymers, where the carbon molecular sieve: is microporous; has a surface area of greater than or equal to 1200 m2/g; and is highly spherical. The adsorbent material has a surface area of 300-700 m2/g. The column: has a length of 1-25 (preferably less than or equal to 5) feet; is coiled; and is wound around the heating mantle. EXAMPLE - Methane was introduced directly onto each column (made up of stainless steel, and had an inert material e.g. quartz wool or wire mesh at both ends of the column) via streams of inert gas. The methane was remained in the column for a suitable length of time to perform all steps in the automated process. Subsequently the column was heated to 200 degrees C, which caused the methane to be release from the column, and the carbon molecular sieves provided pure and concentrated methane streams upon desorption.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The tank has solid electrolytic membrane (16).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The solid acid catalyst is zeolite, montmorillonite or heteropolyacid. The zeolite is beta -phase zeolite, Y-type zeolite, mordenite type zeolite, or ZSM-5 type zeolite. The zeolite has a silica/alumina ratio of 2-1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Alternately, 1,5-diketone of formula: R2CO-(CH2)3-COR1 is obtained by using 4-aroyl butyric acid derivative of formula: R2CO-(CH2)3-CO2H instead of glutaric acid (derivative).R2=R1.Reaction is carried out under microwave exposure. EXAMPLE - Anisole (20 mmol), glutaric acid anhydride (0.2 mol), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1 mL), and CP811C (RTM: H- beta phase zeolite) (100 mg) were taken in a reaction tube and exposed to microwave of 300 W. The contents were reacted at 210 degrees C for 30 minutes, with stirring, to obtain 1,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-pentanedione with at yield of 56.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass feedstock is cellulose, wood type or waste material type biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst contains solid oxide modified with metal of group 10 or compound containing metal of group 10. The porous solid oxide is zeolite compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, monoalcohol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol or pentaerythritol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The top part of vertical stirrer is driven by three-phase explosion-proof motor. The vertical stirrer is distributed with three layers of stirring blades, in which each layer is provided with three stirring blades. The high pressure mixer of middle tank is composed of an air compressor and distributor. The top part of distributor has three pipes with hole. The mixing body is cylindrical in shape, and the bottom part is conical in shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each pump is provided with a metering device for measuring accurate amount, and a metering pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The cleaning zone comprises a catalyst bed (26) comprising a moving bed of solid catalyst. The catalyst bed comprises char, char-supported catalyst, or ilmenite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sequestration involves: processing to mitigate degradation of the solid phase biomass carbon; storing the solid phase biomass carbon to mitigate environmental interaction. The processing involves: at least one collection, drying, resizing, sterilization, stabilization, packaging, and sealing. The method (M1)-(M3) further involves: monitoring carbon flow from the sequestered solid phase biomass carbon; repurposing the sequestered solid phase biomass carbon; trading the biofuel having the regulatory value, a tradable credit generated as a function of the regulatory value, or both the biofuel and the tradable credit. Preferred Components: The second fraction comprises agricultural residue. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The anode comprises a photocatalyst and water is decomposed by photocatalytic reaction. Light irradiated to the anode is sunlight or visible light irradiated from a light irradiation lamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The nitrogen starvation state is formed by substituting the culture medium by nitrogen-deficient medium. The method (M1) involves starting culture aerobically by culture medium which does not contain nitrogen source for the microalga Euglena, adjusting amount of feeding of nitrogen source, culturing continuously and aerobically, terminating addition of nitrogen source when cell density is uniform, placing the cell on nitrogen starvation state and culturing the cell. The method (M1) involves mixing carbon dioxide source and oxygen source by passing carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas is discharged from power station. The anaerobic process is carried out by at least one method chosen from inert gas ventilation, stationary process and concentration by centrifugation. The concentration process in method (M2) is carried out at 50 plus minus 10 degrees C. The method (M2) further involves hydrolyzing the wax ester obtained by the purification process, and again performing purification process for the obtained product. The purification process in method (M2) for first time is carried out using mixed solvent of ether and hexane having concentration of 10 vol.% or less, and using ether as elution solvent in column chromatography process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves heating the biomass during step (B) to temperature below the boiling point of the solvent set at the conditions present during the step (B); heating the biomass under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure during step (B); recycling the residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids into animal feed, human food or nutraceutical product; growing the algal cells to produce neutral lipids by providing carbon dioxide to the algal cells as a carbon source; and growing the algal cells to produce the neutral lipids during bioremediation of wastewater by the algal cells. The bioremediation is integrated into a wastewater treatment plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises recycling at least one of the first liquid fraction, second liquid fraction or the third solid biomass fraction; and sequentially separating the first substantially liquid fraction comprising proteins into at least one of an albumin fraction, globulin fraction, glutelin fraction, or prolamin fraction. Preferred Components: The plant matter is recyclable plant matter waste or oleaginous plant matter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The active inoculum is a POP-degrading or transforming bacteria which is Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1. Preferred Method: Formation of the biofilm comprises harvesting microorganisms from culture. Administration of the anaerobic dechlorination system is performed concurrently with the dechlorination of the aerobic dechlorination system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substratum is an organic substance or granular activated charcoal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The isolated microbial consortia further comprises an intermediate microbial consortium that converts the first-bite metabolic product into the starting hydrocarbon metabolic product. Preferred Components: The first-bite microbial consortium and the downstream microbial consortium are anaerobic microbial consortiums. At least one of the first-bite metabolic products is the starting hydrocarbon metabolic product. The intermediate microbial consortium comprises several microorganism species that converts the first-bite metabolic product into the starting hydrocarbon metabolic product through several intermediate metabolic products, where at least one of the several microorganism species is a species of Desulfuromonas. The first, second and third microbial consortium comprise anaerobic microorganisms, preferably a species of Desulfuromonas. The third microbial consortium comprises a first group of microorganisms that convert acetate into carbon dioxide and free hydrogen, and a second group of microorganisms that convert the carbon dioxide and free hydrogen into methane and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The starting hydrocarbon comprises coal, oil, kerogen, peat, lignite, oil shale, tar sands, bitumen, or tar. The downstream metabolic product comprises an organic acid, an alcohol, an amine, a straight or branched hydrocarbon, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably methane. The starting hydrocarbon metabolic product comprises a formate compound, an acetate compound, a benzoate compound, an alcohol, or an organic acid. The intermediate metabolic products comprise carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: (202) pyrolyzing a biomass material in the pyrolysis reactor with the reduced-water non-condensable pyrolysis gases to form reduced-water pyrolysis gases; and condensing the reduced-water pyrolysis gases to form low water biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The drying step comprises: passing the non-condensable pyrolysis gases over a chiller; and passing the non-condensable pyrolysis gases through an adsorptive dryer, which comprises passing the non-condensable pyrolysis gases through a molecular sieve. The step of condensing pyrolysis gases further comprises introducing the pyrolysis gases into a condenser and adjusting the condenser to a predetermined temperature to provide a threshold vapor pressure of water in the condenser to provide predetermined maximum water content included in the low water biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The process further comprises heating the reduced-water non-condensable pyrolysis gases, between the steps of condensing and drying; and filtering the non-condensable pyrolysis gas to reduce a mist load of the non-condensable pyrolysis gas, between the steps of condensing and drying. The step of drying comprises reducing the water content of the non-condensable pyrolysis gases by at least 50%, preferably at least 90%. The process further comprises drying a biomass material to form a dried biomass material; and pyrolyzing the dried biomass material in the pyrolysis reactor with the reduced-water non-condensable pyrolysis gases to form reduced-water pyrolysis gases. The pyrolyzing step comprises pyrolyzing the biomass material by using a rapid pyrolysis process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The connecting line that transports only gas opens out at a position from the second reactor or the third reactor, at which a higher operating pressure is adjustable, than at the position where it discharges into the first reactor. The connecting line that transports only gas comprises a control device for controlling the gas flow. The connecting line that transports only gas opens out from the lower half of the second reactor. The connecting line that transports only gas opens out from the upper half of the third reactor. The particle line opens out into the lower half of the second reactor or the third reactor and discharges into the upper half of the first reactor. At least in the second reactor, reaction zones that are separated from each other are provided through at least one flow regulator (18), and the particle line above at least one flow regulator discharges into the second reactor. The flow regulator comprises at least one constriction of the reactor cross-section and/or at least one diversion of the particle stream. The amount of synthesis gas conducted into the first reactor through the connecting line is controlled by: (a) the pressure difference between opening-out mouth and inlet point of the connecting line and its dimensions; and/or (b) an additional control device. Preferred Method: A portion of synthesis gas formed in the second or the third reactor is conducted continuously into the first reactor, through at least one connecting line that transports only gas and is oxidized for generating heat, during gasification or chemical looping reforming process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Reformer: The reformer (A1) comprises a catalyst supported by other than monolithic, open cell foam having a first length along the direction of flow of mixture to be reformed; and a monolithic, open cell foam mixing and spreading section connected to receive components of the mixture to be reformed and connected to flow the mixture to the catalyst bed, the mixing and spreading section having a second length which is 3-50 (preferably 5-15)% of the first length. In the reformer (A1), the mixing and spreading section has a length in the direction of flow which is about that which is necessary to thoroughly mix the components and to spread the resulting mixture across the entire cross section of the inlet to the catalyst bed. The open cell foam is catalyzed with the same catalyst as the catalyst bed. The catalyst bed is configured of unified foil or honeycomb. The open cell foam is catalyzed with the same catalyst as the catalyst bed. Preferred Method: The method involves receiving components of mixture to be reformed in monolithic, open cell foam mixing and spreading section, connected to flow mixture to catalyst bed. In the method, mixing and spreading step involves mixing and spreading mixture in open cell foam which has a length in the direction of flow which is about that which is necessary to thoroughly mix the mixture and to spread the mixture across the entire cross section of the catalyst. The mixing and spreading step involves mixing and spreading the mixture in open cell foam selected from aluminum, stainless steel, an aluminum-steel alloy, silicon carbide, nickel alloys, carbon, graphite and a ceramic. The mixing and spreading step involves mixing and spreading the mixture in open cell foam catalyzed with the same catalyst as catalyst bed. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (a) is performed at a temperature of 120-160 degrees C, for 0.5 minutes to 168 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 2 hours. The step (a) is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent comprising alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol or tert-butanol, diols and polyols, such as ethanediol, propanediol or glycerol, amino alcohols, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, ketones, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, and solvents aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes and alkanes. The step of separating the solid fraction is achieved by precipitation of the addition of at least one anti-solvent comprising water and alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, nbutanol, isobutanol or tert-butanol, diols and polyols, amino alcohols, ketones, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile. The step (c) is performed at 40-60 degrees C, pH of 4.5-5.5, for 1-150 hours. Preferred Components: The salt is a hydrated salt of formula (LiX1.n1H2O). The lignocellulosic biomass is present at 0.5-40, (preferably 3-25) wt.%.X1 = chlorine or bromine. Preferred Definitions:    X = an anion halide anion comprising Cl, F, Br, I, a perchlorate anion, an anion thiocyanate, a anion nitrate or acetate anion;    M = lithium, magnesium, calcium, potassium or sodium; and    n1 = 0.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (II) is alkylsulfinylalkylamine, when R4 is sulfinyl group. The alkylsulfinylalkylamine is obtained by oxidation of alkylthioalkylamine in a solution in a solvent based on trifluoro ethanol. (II) is 4-methylsulfinylbutylamine, and the formed isothiocyanate is sulforaphane. (II) comprises keto group, when R4 is carbonyl group. (II) comprising the keto group is 4-methylketobutylamine, the formed isothiocyanate is 6-isothiocyanatohexane-2-one. The primary amine is of formula (HNR5R6). The secondary amine is of formula (HNR5aR6a).R5 = H;R6 = methylsulfinylbutyl; andR5a, R6a = alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl, or alkynyl, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms.Preferred Process: The process comprises reaction of the isothiocyanate with primary or secondary amine to form thiourea. The process comprises: reaction of the isothiocyanate and nucleophilic agent, preferably alcohol or thiol; and oxidation of the sulfinyl in sulfonyl by addition of oxidizing agent, preferably perbenzoic acid or one of its halogenated derivatives. Preferred Definitions:    R4 = sulfinyl group, or carbonyl group.    ACTIVITY - Dermatological; Cytostatic; Antiinflammatory.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The fermenter comprises multi-chambered plastic floats embedded with plastic ropes to provide hold for strong anchorage and stabilization. The fermenter comprises a protection jacket. The fermenter is made of at least plastic flexible film with reinforcing fiber thread and polymeric fabric coated with plastic and of rubber sheet reinforced with fiber thread and metal cable for strength. The plastic film is made of two layers including a strong thick outer layer made of recycled plastic, and an inner thin layer made of much thinner newly synthesized plastic to provide better sealing. The fermenter is provided with a stirring mechanism powered by one of fluid pressure pneumatically and one of sealed electric motor. The stirrer is moved by unit of cables pulled by a set of motors. The fermenter comprises heat exchanger to maintain required temperature, aerator pipe to pump air when required, camera for monitoring flow and turbidity and sensors for process parameters chosen from pH, temperature, and other parameters required with provision for taking samples for testing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quenching agent is selected from sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate and buffers such as phosphate buffer (NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4), carbonate buffer (NaHCO3/NaCO3) and/or acetate buffer (CH3CO2H/CH3CO2Na).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves organic solvent. The process is conducted at 0-40 degrees C. The process involves in situ preparation of the oxidizing agent. The hydrogen peroxide is added to the reaction mixture over a period of 30-120 minutes. The oxidizing agent is added to the reaction mixture over a period of 30-240 minutes. The reaction mixture is quenched by adding a quenching agent. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is selected from monochlorobenzene, polychlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and/or dimethylacetamide (N,N-DMA). The strong acid is selected from sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and/or p-toluenesulfonic acid. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide; Antibacterial; Arthropodicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 5-Amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylthiopyrazole (100 g) was dissolved in a mixture consisting of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) (900 g) and H2SO4 (30 g). After 30 minutes of stirring at 15 degrees C, 30 w/w.% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (25 g) was added over a period of 90 minutes. The reaction was continued until the conversion was more than 95%. The mixture was quenched by using Na2SO3. Isolation and further purification of fipronil was done. Fipronil was obtained in 98% yield, having a purity of 97.5% (by HPLC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The azeotrope-like composition comprises 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1-99, preferably 5-99) mole percent, and E-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (99-1, preferably 99-5) mole percent, at -40-140 degrees C, the composition having a difference in dew point pressure and bubble point pressure of less than or equal to 5 percent based upon the bubble point pressure. The azeotropic composition comprises 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (98.7-52.9 mole.%) and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (1.3-47.1 mole.%), which has boiling point temperature -40-140 degrees C at a pressure of 1.22-386 psia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indoline derivative (I) comprises 5,6-dihydroxyindoline derivative of formula (Ia), and/or their salts with an organic or inorganic acid. The indoline derivative (I) comprises 5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-butyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, 5,6-dihydroxyindoline-2-carboxylic acid and/or their salts with organic or inorganic acid. The dye precursor of the natural analogue dye (a) is present in an amount of 0.01-10 wt.%, preferably 0.6-1.2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the agent. The blowing agent comprises propane, n-butane, isobutane and/or pentane. At least one inorganic alkalizing agent comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbon is present as an alkalizing agent (b). The agent exhibits a pH of 8.8-10.5, preferably 9.4-9.9. Preferred Composition: The agent additionally comprises at least one fatty alcohol (0-2 wt.%, preferably 0.2 to 1.5 wt.%) and at least one surfactant (0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 0.2-3 wt.%), based on the total weight of the agent. EXAMPLE - Typical agent comprised of (in wt.%): cetyl alcohol (0.49), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (0.40), isopropanol (7.5), 5,6-dihydroxyindoline hydrobromide (1), ascorbic acid (0.5), methylparaben (0.25), propylparaben (0.25), sodium hydroxide (0.98), perfume and water (made up to 100).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises horse manure and sawdust in a ratio of 1:1. Preferred Component: The viscosity regulator includes red clay, wheat flour, glutinous rice starch, and seaweeds, preferably Gelidium amansii, kelp, and brown seaweed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water content of woody biomass is 5-30 %mass. The volume density of molded product is 0.8-1.1 g/cm3. The pulverized woody biomass is molded with coal and binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction chamber and storage units can be fluidically connected by controllable valves. The device comprises at least two reaction chambers and at least three Ruth's storage units. The acidic condensate collected from the reaction chamber is led back to the reacting mass of the reaction chamber to support the reaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, at least two storage units are operated at different pressures. Before beginning the carbonization process, the storage units are filled by vapor with predetermined pressure. The reaction chamber is operated by three fluidically-connected vapor storage units. Each storage unit of the connected storage units is operated at different pressure. The reaction chamber is operated with at least one fluidically connected second reaction chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The steps (B), (C) and (D) provide a water insoluble nutrient source. The step (A) is based on co-products derived from the power generation, bone and sewage incineration, cement manufacturing and other industrial kilning processes. The Step (B) is based on co-products derived from the human food waste, agriculture or sewage industries. In step (A), the dry powders are based on calcined minerals and/or oxides containing, phosphate, potash, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and phyto nutrient trace elements. The auxiliary phyto nutrients are also added to the reaction mixture. The polymerization reaction is thermally catalyzed at 80-150 degrees C. The granulation is carried out in a pan or dish or disc granulator. The granules formed are autogenously dried through the heat produced in the exothermic polymerization reaction. The granular products produced exhibit extended phyto-nutrient release effected by soil-born microbial enzymic solubilization activity. Preferred Composition: The composition has extended phyto-nutrient release properties. In the composition, at least part of the polymerized organic and the calcined mineral phyto nutrient is aqueously solubilized by soil-born microbial enzymic activity. The granular product exhibits phyto-nutrient release over several crop growing seasons; or the granular product exhibits phyto-nutrient release appropriate to the cultivation of biennial and or perennial crops; or the granular product exhibits phyto-nutrient releases appropriate to sustainable agronomic farming. The granular product is produced from raw materials, where negligible fossil fuel has been consumed in the production of it. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Producing a ketone comprises: (a) providing fatty acids; (b) providing isolated and purified OleA proteins; and (c) combining the fatty acids with the isolated and purified OleA proteins under conditions to produce ketones from the fatty acids. Producing a beta-keto-acid comprises: (a) providing fatty acids; (b) providing isolated and purified OleA proteins; and (c) combining the fatty acids with the isolated and purified OleA proteins under conditions to produce beta-keto-acids from the fatty acids. Producing a hydrocarbon comprises: (a) providing fatty acids; (b) providing an isolated and purified OleA protein, an isolated and purified OleC protein, and an isolated and purified OleD protein; and (c) providing conditions to produce hydrocarbons from the fatty acids in the presence of an OleA protein, an OleC protein, and an OleD protein. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The component (a) is an extract of blood oranges, oranges, bitter oranges and/or grapefruits. Preferred Composition: The composition also comprises (c) L-carnitine or its salt, (d) an extract of guarana (e) an extract of green tea, (f) chromium picolinate, (g) synephrine-containing extract of Citrus aurantium, (h) at least one antioxidant including vitamin C and/or vitamin E and/or (i) selenium. ACTIVITY - Anabolic; Anorectic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitor.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of the component (a) is 300-1300 mg per day, and the component (b) is 100-600 mg per day (claimed) by any suitable route. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in mg): the extract of blood orange, orange, bitter orange and/or grapefruit (400), the guarana extract (150), the green coffee extract (200), L-carnitine tartrate (220), the green tea extract (100), chromium picolinate (1) and the synephrine-containing extract of Citrus aurantium (50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The hazardous waste is heated using heat-exchanger with circulating gas produces high-energy high-temperature syn gases comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The high-energy gases are used as source of energy by way of combustion, by reaction with other gases and materials. The syn gases and steam produced in single or multiple units undergoes shift reactions by passing over catalysts, to produce gas composition containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Then, the content ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are adjusted by circulating helium and nitrogen, to produce methane and water which is removed and dried. The separated hydrogen is used in electronic garbage processing plant or for separating plastics e.g. polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and fluorochloro-type plastics, and metals. High-melting range plastics will melt along with metals e.g. nickel and cobalt. The plastics will be melted using electric heaters inside the staircase furnace. Hydrogen atmosphere and circulation are kept inside the furnace, to prevent metals from forming compounds like zinc oxide, alumina and aluminum carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reactant consists of lithium, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first substance consists of carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, keto acid, carboxylic acid salt, dicarboxylic acid salt, keto acid salt, and water, and consists of formic acid-13C, acetic acid-1-13C, acetic acid-13C2, pyruvic acid-1-13C, sodium pyruvate-1-13C, oxalic acid13C2, ammonium-15N sulfate, water-18O, water-17O, and water-2H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: a step of drying the produced mass; immobilizing the biomass produced from whey in a carrier material, preferably in a calcium alginate gel bond; adding an additive including amino acids and vitamins or a trace elements including zinc and magnesium to promote the fermentation; and directly mixing the produced biomass with calcium. The drying of the immobilized biomass serves the production of a storable product and the inactivation of the yeast. The immobilization of biomass takes place with the addition of potassium. Preferred Components: The yeast is lactose positive yeast, including Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces lactis or Brettanomyces claussenii. The fertilizer comprises protein, calcium and potassium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic acid salt and/or inorganic acid salt of amine compound are chosen from ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium borate and ammonium citrate, and has buffer capacity. The concentration of molecular ammonia is 500 mg/L or more. The organic substance containing polylactic acid is a mixture of polylactic acid and organic refuse. Preferred Process: The decomposition is performed at 40 degrees C or more under pH of 8-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic reaction tank is a vertical tank. The kettle body is provided with a sealing hollow metal jacket. The jacket is set at the upper part of the jacket hot water outlet and the lower part of jacket hot water inlet, where the kettle body is provided with a stirring shaft along the vertical axis direction. The stirring shaft is fixed connected with two layers of stirring paddle blades. The other end is fixed with a speed reducer, and the stirring shaft to motor. The kettle body is provided with a feeding port and a gas outlet. The kettle body is set on the side wall for discharging the liquid outlet. The kettle body is provided with a purging kettle. The liquid outlet is located in the jacket. The kettle body, jacket and each opening made of stainless steel material. The metal cylindrical basket of the drain tank valve is round with a diameter of 5-10 mm. The storage bag is made of rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves washing and drying the marine algae naturally at room temperature for 10-60 hours until water content of the marine algae reaches 50-90 weight/weight%. The method involves using the sulfuric acid solution (0.05-30 weight/weight%). The method involves fermenting the saccharified liquid with microorganism. Preferred Composition: The solid-liquid rate of the marine algae and sulfuric acid solution is 10-30 weight/weight%. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is yeast. The yeast includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces fragilis, K.marxianus, Brettanomyces custersii, Clostridium acetobutylicum, C.aurantii and C.tetanomorphum. The marine algae are Rhodophyta and fucoxanthin-producing algae. The Rhodophyta algae include Porphyra suborbiculata, Pterocladia, Acanthopeltis japonica, Gracilaria, irish moss, Gelidium amansii, Ceramium kondoi, Gigartina and Grateloupia filicina. The fucoxanthin-producing algae include brown seaweed, kelp, Scytosiphon, Petalonia binghamiae, Ecklonia cava, E.stolonifera, rhizoma rhei, gulfweed, and Hizikia fusiforme. The algae include green laver, Spirogyra, Caulerpa and Chaetomorpha.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The monosaccharide is chosen from galactose or its derivative, 3,6-anhydro-galactose, glucose, fucose, rhamnose, xylose and mannose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the electrode material, locations of the 10 spots are within the one field of view according to ten-scale concentration levels set based on a distribution of the atomic concentration within the one field of view.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complex oxide is metal complex of (LaSr)(CoFe)O3, (LaSr)FeO3, (LaSr)CoO3, La(NiFe)O3 or (SmSr)CoO3. The one field of view is a region observable with an electron microscope at 100-5000-fold magnification. The 10 spots each have a size of 1 mu m or less. The ten-scale concentration levels are set across an entire range of the atomic concentration distribution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Portion of segregated char is further combusted (90) in the dense bed using the stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. The portion of the segregated char from the pyrolysis system is exported (300), before combustion. The segregated char is combusted by mixing the segregated char in an inlet riser. The char-depleted spent heat transfer medium is introduced into lower portion of the dense bed. The separation of spent heat transfer medium involves using dual stage cyclone separator and/or cyclone separator coupled to elutriation chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: An associated flora is immobilized in addition to the methanogenic microorganisms on the fillers in the step (b). The nutrient solution leads continuously into circulation for sprinkling in the step (c). The gaseous substrate dissolves previously in the broth, water or in another liquid rectifier in the step (d). The gaseous substrate leads in the direct current, in countercurrent current, in cross flow or in other current types in relation to the nutrient solution in the step (d).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gaseous substrate includes hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon compounds, the optional heteroatom including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or halogens. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fermenter has medium-temperature of 35-40 degrees C. The system further comprises preliminary neutralizing-agent tank provided with preliminary alkaline liquid for supplying neutralizing agent to the circulation liquid system of the biodesulfurization column, and control apparatus for supplying preliminary alkaline liquid to the circulation liquid system from the preliminary neutralizing-agent tank, when the acidity of the circulation liquid is monitored and acidity is not less than predetermined value. The system comprises control apparatus for injecting the organic waste to the fermenter, when ammonia concentration becomes less than predetermined value, and for detecting ammonia concentration of organic waste stored in the organic waste storage tank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The digester is selected from anaerobic digester or fixed bed digester. The fixed-bed digester is equipped with porous material such as elastomeric foams, which act as a support for growth cells of microorganisms. The microbial flora contains Clostridium sp., Enterobacter sp. and Escherichia sp.. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Useful microorganisms are Bacillus genus bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Silicon-containing material has intermediate product of cement, cement, blast furnace slag, and/or coal ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkaline substance contains calcium carbonate or lime. Silicon-containing material has magnesium or magnesium compound. Acid solvent contains diluted hydrochloric acid and gelatinizing suppressing agent consists of acetic acid, ammonium acetate, and/or ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves drying the raw material using drying machine until the moisture content of the raw material is 10-15%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalysts: Catalyst (I) is a copper-zinc based catalyst, and catalyst (II) is a platinum-based catalyst. The support of catalyst (II) is cerium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molding exhibits semi-cylindrical shape or a part of it. The semi-cylindrical shape of the molding exhibits an average length (6) of 1-10 cm, preferably 3 cm, and an average radius of 1-10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm. The molding after the pressing, exhibits a density of 0.01-3 g/cm3. The wax granule particles before pressing, exhibit an average particle diameter of 0.2-5 mm, preferably 0.5-2 mm. The wax granule particles comprise paraffin wax, stearin and/or palm wax. The wax granule particles are present throughout in non-liquid form for producing the molding. The weight ratio of first portion of the combustible material to second portion of the combustible material, is X:1 wt.% (where X is 0.5-2, preferably 0.7).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wood chip particles before pressing, exhibit an average particle length of 0.01-30 mm, preferably 0.1-20 mm. The wood chip particles comprise sawdust and/or wood chips, where the wood chip particles exhibit a residual moisture content of less than or equal to 15%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In converting biogas to the gas rich in methane, the methanation steps include adiabatic methanation followed by non-adiabatic methanation. The mixture comprising carbon dioxide, biogas and steam also comprises approximately 0.1-200 ppm of sulfide compound. The gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is desulfurized after electrolysis and prior to methanation. The mixture comprising biogas, carbon dioxide and steam is co-electrolyzed according to the following reactions: CO2 = CO + 0.5 O2 (1) and H2O = H2 + 0.5 O2 (2). The high temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell unit comprises fuel electrode material with limited or no steam reforming activity. The fuel electrode material does not comprise nickel or the fuel electrode material is all ceramic. The fuel electrode material comprises compounds or elements selected from lanthanum/strontium chromo-manganite (LSCM), copper (Cu), cerium oxide (CeO2), titanates and combinations. The fuel electrode material comprises nickel (Ni)-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), strontium and yttria stabilized zirconia (SYSZ) or Ni-strontium stabilized zirconia (SSZ) electrodes having a thickness of less than or equal to 10 microns. The high temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell unit operates thermoneutrally. The sulfide is removed from the hydrogen-rich gas by absorption on a metal oxide absorbent, where the metal oxide absorbent is zinc oxide and/or is based on copper. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted to methane in a methanation step according to the following reactions: CO + 3H2 = CH4 + H2O (3) and CO2 + 4H2 = CH4 + 2H2O (4). The methanation steps are catalyzed by a catalyst including metals selected from the Group 6B, Group 8 of the Periodic Table and combinations. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Bioreactor: The bioreactor includes a first manifold and a second manifold connected to the inner capillary space in such a way as to allow fluids to flow from the first manifold to the second manifold via the respective interior spaces of the hollow fiber membranes to allow removal of the lipids from the bioreactor; and a vertically disposed tube, where the first and second manifolds are attached at the ends of the tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The method further involves exposing the algae to gases and nutrients to thus re-engorge the algae with lipids; removing algae waste from the extra capillary space to the inner capillary space via the liquid-permeable membrane during periods when the algae is multiplying and/or engorging with lipids; repeating the steps of re-engorgement and lipid removal at least two additional times; harvesting the algae after repeating the steps of re-engorgement and lipid removal; and providing light to algae using at least one light-pipe located within the bioreactor. In the method, the step of transferring the lipids from the extra capillary space to the inner capillary space uses mechanical pressure across the liquid-permeable membrane. The step of extracting lipids from the algae involves exposing algae in the extra capillary space to a solvent, and during such exposure time lipids are extracted from the algae and absorbed into the inner capillary space via the liquid-permeable membrane. The step of removing waste from the extra capillary space to the inner capillary space uses mechanical pressure across the liquid-permeable membrane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The C.pitschmannii YSL03 is cultured in the culture medium. Preferred Strain: The strain has nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The strain has 50 wt.% of lipid content and 30 wt.% of total fatty acids containing oleic acid and palmitic acid. The strain is incubated at 20-30 degrees C under pH of 7 or 8. Preferred Medium: The culture medium comprises trace elements including potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride dihydrate, epsom salts, sodium nitrate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium chloride, and boric acid. The trace elements further comprise zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganese chloride tetrahydrate, molybdenum trioxide, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A cascade channel and a collection system are connected with the Kuchel reactor. The device has a reservoir or gasometer. The device is a closed system and is filled with carbon dioxide. The device can be used with other oxygen-free gas. A three-way valve is installed in a pipeline and a float controlled breather valve finds itself in the collecting container. A fan can be replaced by a compressor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen content of deoxygenated feed is 1 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: (I) is dialyzed to concentrate and to further purify it, for example dialyzed with water. (I) is further dialyzed with citrate solution to promote the proper folding of the proteins. Preferred Components: The cut-off size of step (b) is 0.22-0.1 mu m or 1000 kDa. The ultrafilter is a regenerated cellulose filter or a polyethersulfone filter. The bone is mammalian bone, reindeer bone, antler bone or long bone. (I) contains matrix gla protein, secreted phosphoprotein-24, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-7 and transforming growth factor- beta 1 in substantial amounts. (I) contains at least one of: biglycan; thrombin; lamin A/C; vimentin; chondroadherin; 22K extracellular matrix protein; lysyl oxidase; osteonectin; collagen; and dermatopontin in substantial amounts. (I) is incorporated in a matrix, such as a porous matrix. The matrix is polyethylene glycol/glycerol matrix. (I) is incorporated in beta -tricalcium phosphate granules, calcium sulfate granules. The bone protein preparation is incorporated in hydroxyapatite granules. The granules are incorporated in polyethylene glycol/glycerol matrix. (I) contains stearic acid. (I) is in a form of a lyophilizate. In (I), paste is an injectable paste. ACTIVITY - Osteopathic; Cytostatic; Vulnerary.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas-specific membrane system comprises a material consisting of ruthenium, nickel, alumina and alumina composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The carbonaceous material comprises biomass. The oxidizing gas comprises steam. The ratio of the oxygen and steam is 0.5-3. The stable biphasic bed is calculated using specific equation involving a predetermined parameters e.g. rho s and rho f which denotes the solid matter and gas densities, mu f denotes gas viscosity, and epsilon denotes empty space degree in the bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The reactor comprises two superimposed cylindrical portions with a different transversal section. The portion with larger transversal section is positioned above a portion with smaller transversal section, where a tapered element serves as connection unit between the two portions. The filtration unit of the dragged powders is a cyclone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aliphatic solvent has a boiling point of 80-150 degrees C, preferably 95-130 degrees C. The alcohol scavenging agent is molecular sieves (preferred), silica gel, and/or calcium chloride dihydrate. The alcohol scavenging agent is 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X molecular sieves or is a mixture of any of the molecular sieves. The aliphatic solvent(s) is/are 6-10C, preferably 7-8C branched or linear alkanes and cycloalkanes. The aliphatic solvent(s) is/are n-heptane, n-octane (both preferred), methylcyclohexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and cyclooctane. ACTIVITY - Immunosuppressive; Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Preparation of 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl-phenyl-amide of formula (Ia), 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl-phenyl-amide, and 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid methyl-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-amide is disclosed as (I).    EXAMPLE - Mixture of 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5 g) and N-ethylaniline (4.7 g) in n-heptane (200 ml) was refluxed in an apparatus. The reflux was stopped after 2 hours and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The crystalline suspension was filtered. The precipitate was washed with n-heptane and dried in vacuum to give 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl-phenyl-amide (yield 5.53 g, 82%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of the feed stream in the reactor to the volume of the catalyst is 10-25 l/l.hour. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the feed stream is 0.05-20 ppm. The catalyst is a palladium catalyst. The inlet temperature of the feed stream into the reactor is 0-100 degrees C. The process is a liquid phase process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises completing the exothermic reaction to obtain a reaction mixture and cooling the reaction mixture. The method includes drying the reaction mixture. Preferred Composition: The low temperature hydrocarbon gel composition includes: a proppant in an amount sufficient to maintain fissures in a subterranean formation; and a hard burned magnesium oxide gel breaker in an amount sufficient to effect a delayed breaking of the gel. Preferred Components: At least one of ferric sulfate, ammonium hydroxide and ferric ammonium citrate contains water. The ferric sulfate includes 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of sulfuric acid. The phosphate gel former comprises a 3-4C alkanol phosphate diester. The gelled fracturing composition includes a proppant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The LPG is compressed propane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide involves: cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and recovering the polypeptide; or cultivating a host cell comprising the polynucleotide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and recovering the polypeptide; or cultivating the transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and recovering the polypeptide. No general method for the preparation of isolated polynucleotide (P1), and double-stranded inhibitory RNA molecule is given. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide comprises (SEQ ID NO: 2) or its mature polypeptide. The polypeptide is encoded by the polynucleotide contained in plasmid pUC19 D55EX which is contained in Escherichia coli NRRL B-50395. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves recovering the degraded cellulosic material. In the method (M2), the fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. The method (M2) further involves recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquids N-alkyl imidazole, contain as the alkyl group methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The alcohol mixed with the ionic liquid is an alkyl alcohol with a number of 1-10C, preferably 1C, where the proportion of alcohol to ionic liquid may vary from 1-30%, which can be added at the start of the reaction or in small rates during the reaction. The levoglucosenone has a boiling point of 203 degrees C. Preferred Process: In the process, before extraction of the ionic liquid reaction phase with butanol, the ionic liquid reaction phase is mixed with water to reduce the viscosity and the miscibility of butanol with the ionic liquid. The amount of hydrochloric acid (37%) added to the ionic liquid is 1-15%. The reaction time is 20-180 minutes at a temperature of 80-250 degrees C. The butanol extracts are themselves extracted with 37% hydrochloric acid in order to remove any N-alkyl imidazol contained in the butanol extracts. The levoglucosenone is added directly to diesel oil or gasoline, or added with the addition of an alkyl alcohol to make mixing easier, where the alcohol may contain 1-6C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrotreating catalyst comprises a Group VIB metal and Group VIII metal on a support. The dewaxing catalyst comprises a molecular sieve and supported metal. The molecular sieve comprises ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35 and/or ZSM-48 (preferably ZSM-23 and/or ZSM-48). The supported metal (0.1-1.5 wt.%), is platinum and/or palladium. In the method (M2), the feedstock comprises biocomponent feed (10-50 or 50-90 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The total treat gas rate of hydrogen is less than or equal to 550 scf/bbl (93 Nm3/m3). Preferred Method: The separating step is performed without using a stripping gas. The hydrotreating conditions include a temperature of 500 degrees F (260 degrees C) to 800 degrees F (427 degrees C), a total pressure of 300 psig (2.1 MPag) to 3000 psig (20.7 MPag), an liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.2-10 hour-1, and hydrogen treat gas rate of 300 scf/bbl (51 Nm3/m3) to 10000 scf/bbl (1700 Nm3/m3). The hydrogen treat gas rate is less than or equal to 900 scf/bbl (150 Nm3/m3). The hydroprocessing stage involves: use of dewaxing catalyst and is operated under effective catalytic dewaxing conditions. The catalytic dewaxing conditions include temperature of 500 degrees F (260 degrees C) to 750 degrees F (399 degrees C), a total pressure of 400 psig (2.8 MPag) to 1500 psig (10.3 MPag), and LHSV of 0.2-10 hour-1. The step of exhausting the gas phase effluent portion is performed without using a stripping gas. In the method (M2), a recycled product stream is mixed with feedstock prior to or during each hydrotreating stage, where the recycled product stream has hydrogen at least partially dissolved in it. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The vegetable shortening and brown sugar are mixed together and heated slowly until a boil is achieved to form a resulting mixture, where when the boil is achieved, the resultant mixture is removed from heat, dried, spent coffee grounds and corn syrup are mixed into the resultant mixture to form the composition, and while the composition is still warm, it is pressed into a form to obtain a desired shape. The composition forms a core that is encapsulated in an outer shell not made from coffee grounds to form a fire log, where the shell is paper wrapped concentrically around the core. In the composition, molasses is substituted for corn syrup in the same proportion. The method further comprises pressing the completed fuel into a form to create a desired shape; removing completed fuel from the form once the completed fuel has cooled to 25 degrees C; combining the completed fuel with paper to form a fire log where the completed fuel forms a core that is encapsulated within a paper shell; and burning the fire log, where the core burns hotter than the outer paper shell. In the fire log, the shell is made up of strips of paper concentrically wrapped around the core. The core burns at a greater intensity and at a higher temperature than does the outer shell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The urine or urine containing water is obtained from night-soil separation toilet bowl (11) which discharge urine or urine containing water that is not mixed with excrement to urine collection device (20). The method involves not immersing porous portion in the urine or urine containing water. The method alternatively involves immersing porous portion exposed to air with urine or urine containing water within container (41), where the container repeatedly discharge the urine or urine containing water and exposing the container to air. The porous portion is filled with layer of particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The ethanol concentration of ethanol solution is 85-95 wt.%. Exhaust-heat recovery of waste gas from the external superheater is carried out in the boiler. The oil component is maintained at 30-60 degrees C and is transferred to the external superheater. Preferred Arrangement: The refuse-disposal installation consists of a furnace (21) which incinerates or melts garbage. The solid content is processed in the furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The air diffusion device has an upper surface which covers project area of the membrane module, and contains aeration holes at the upper surface. The aeration holes are arranged uniformly using the separation membrane. The membrane module is hollow fiber membrane module or flat film module. The separation membrane is a product made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The tensile strength of hollow fiber membrane of the membrane module is 10 N/mm2 or more, where the hollow fiber membrane has average hole diameter of 0.01 mu m or more, and an average film thickness of 10 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises a pulverization and digesting unit (1) the supplied biomass to fluid bed reaction apparatus. The fluid bed reaction apparatus utilizes carbon dioxide or water vapor as hot gas flow, where the carbon dioxide is generated during alcoholic fermentation of ethanol produced from the saccharides. The apparatus further comprises solid-liquid separator (3) which dissolves the saccharides in water, and separates. The solid acid catalyst is isolated from mixture of saccharides separated by the solid-liquid separator, and the separation apparatus (4a,4b) supplies the solid acid catalyst to the fluid bed reaction apparatus. The hot gas flow is generated using the biomass residue remaining by a solid acid catalyst as fuel, and heating apparatus supplied to the fluid bed reaction apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Alternatively, the organosolv process for treating the lignocellulosic biomass comprises: (a) adding the biomass to a reaction vessel and exposing the biomass to a solvent where: (i) the ratio of solvent to biomass is 10:1-4:1; (ii) the solvent comprises 40-60% w/w ethanol; (iii) the initial pH of the biomass/solvent mixture is 1.5-2.5; (b) elevating the temperature of the biomass/solvent mixture to 140-170 degrees C for a total period of 50-200 minutes to form a pulp and an extraction liquor the liquor comprising derivatives of native lignin; (c) recovering the extraction liquor; (d) recovering the pulp; and where the pressure in the reaction vessel is about 18 bar or less. The pressure in the reaction vessel is about 16 bars or less. The elevated temperature of step (b) is 150-165 degrees C. The elevated temperature of step (b) is maintained for 120-180 minutes. The solvent comprises 50-60% w/w ethanol. Also, about 2-2.5% (based on dry weight wood) of an acid is added. The pH of the biomass/solvent mixture is 1.6-2.3. The ratio of solvent to biomass is 9:1-7:1. The biomass comprises softwood feedstock, hardwood feedstock, and/or annual fiber feedstock. The yield of lignin recovered from the extraction liquor is 60-80% or greater of the theoretical maximum yield. The pretreated biomass solids have a Time-to-Conversion-Target (TCT) equal to 120 hours or less and an overall glucose conversion (OGC) of 50% or higher. At least a portion of the recovered pulp is converted into carbohydrates which are subsequently converted into ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungal extracts are from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and/or Trametes hirsute/vesicolor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method includes applying a medium frequency ultrasound for 300 seconds during the enzyme incubation. The low frequency of ultrasound is 10-60 kHz, the moderately high frequency is above 200 kHz and the medium frequency is 60-120 kHz. The acoustic treatment steps are sequential. The acoustic treatments are applied simultaneously. The acoustic treatment steps are carried out for 600 seconds. The pulsed ultrasound is applied during the enzyme incubation step. The pulsed ultrasound is performed at 80 kHz for 1 minute every 30 minutes over 2-72 hours at 37-50 degrees C. The treatments are carried out at 37-50 degrees C. The sonication power is 80-100% (preferably 50%). The enzyme incubation step is carried out for 2-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: A reheating of the product gas, dependent on the scrubber type used in the main treatment step, over the cooling limit temperature of the product gas is switched between the main treatment step and the purification method, which are used for adjusting the droplet loading of the product gas. The method is operated with additional external humidification with wash liquid, preferably water, crude gas- and/or clean gas side (preferred). The additional external humidification with wash liquid takes place continuously and/or batch wise (preferred). The external humidification takes place with vapor. At least glass wool is used as fibrous deep filter material. At least rock wool and aluminum silicate fibers, sheep wool, felts, hemps, flax or coconut fibers are used as fibrous deep filter material. The glass wool with an average fiber diameter of 2-30 mu m, preferably 3-6 mu m, with a specific bulk density of 12-75 kg/m3, preferably 16-25 kg/m3 and a layer thickness of 20-100 cm in the dry new condition is used as deep filters. The compression of the deep filter materials increases during installation in the clean and dry new condition towards the gas flow. Pressing devices exist at least for wash liquid from the substantial portions of the deep filter material to facilitate disassembly. The humidification of the deep filter materials takes place over an additional external liquid or steam, preferably discontinuously during operation, when the operational pressure loss is dropped below a minimum value.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filter material for simple exchange is packed at least partially in the form of cassettes or cartridges. The substantial portions of the deep filter material are connected upstream in relation to the substantial portions of the deep filters thinly configured pre-precipitator layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst further contains lithium and/or iridium. Preferred Process: Ethanol is manufactured using a hydrogenation catalyst containing copper and zinc. The sulfur content of the biomass gas obtained by floating external heating gasification method, is removed by pressure-swing-adsorption method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heating medium is granular alumina powder or sodium chloride, and has heat conductivity higher than that of air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of monomer (m1) is 200-2000. Preferred Composition: The monomer (m1) is of formula: H2C=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-(CH2-CH2-O)p-R2.R1,R2=H, 1-6C alkyl or phenyl;andp=integer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The water content of residual solid content is 30% or less. Water is dispersed in the fermented material in the fermenter. A portion of ground material (60) obtained by crushing is returned and mixed with the organic waste. The ground material is ventilated and dried.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The length of the fruit bunch of oil palm obtained in the step (a) is not greater than 3 cm. The formulated granules are cylindrical particles having diameter of 0.8-10 cm. The sludge in step (b) is rich in organic materials and content of heavy metal does not exceed standard. The sludge in the step (b) is the sludge which is generated during the production of palm oil, and the water sprayed on the materials in the step (b) is wastewater generated during the production of palm oil. The cellulose fermentation bacterium is nattokinase (0.03-0.05 kg/ton). The fermentation is performed at 60-75 degrees C with pH of 5.5-8.5, and with water content of not greater than 35%. Preferred Method: The fermentation process is divided into two stages, where the first stage is performed for 10-15 days, and during the fermentation period water is sprayed on each pile of materials for every 2 days to maintain water content in each pile to 55%-70%, and stirring material for 1-2 times everyday. The latter stage fermentation is performed for 10-12 days, and during this fermentation period, only stirring materials, if content of water in the materials is 45%, then stirring the materials for 2 times everyday and if content of water in the materials is not greater than 45%, then stirring the material for 1-2 times everyday. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition: has a boiling range of 70-400 degrees F,and specific gravity of 0.68-0.74 at 20 degrees C; and comprises olefins (less than 0.5 wt.%) and naphthenes (less than 6.5 wt.%). Preferred Components: The paraffins comprise 4-10C paraffins. The biorenewable feedstock include animal fats, animal oils, poultry fat, poultry oil, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, rendered fats, rendered oils, restaurant grease, brown grease, waste industrial frying oils, fish oils and/or fish fats. EXAMPLE - Typical naphtha boiling range hydrocarbon composition comprised (in wt.%) of: paraffin (32.407); iso-paraffin (59.893); olefin (0.338); naphthene (cycloparaffin) (6.528); and aromatics (0.833).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The processes (P1) are located within a wood products processing facility such as an operating pulp mill or repurposed pulp mill. Preferred Components: The mixed organic acids in the central process platform come from at least one of the following sources: a) chemical conversion of whole wood chips; b) chemical conversion of cellulose separated from wood chips; c) chemical conversion of hemicellulose separated from wood chips; d) biological conversion (pure or mixed cultures) of whole wood chips; e) biological conversion (pure or mixed cultures) of cellulose separated from wood chips; and f) biological conversion (pure or mixed cultures) of hemicellulose separated from wood chips. The process platform tailors a combination of organic acids from different sources and processes to change yield and composition of the TDO product. The central process platform is useful with mixtures of organic acids that are not pure. The recovery of the metal cations used in TDO is integrated with pulp mill recovery cycles. The ketones in the process platform are produced from TDO of organic acids from the at least one of the sources. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The P.nunn is isolated from soil in places chosen from Ueda-shi, Nagano, Fukuoka-shi and Fukuoka. Preferred Component: The soil for cultivation is added to the plant disease control agent. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves filtering the obtained aqueous sugar solution in step (c) using nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane, and collecting refined sugar solution. The method involves using cationic polymer flocculent for the flocculation process in step (b). The method involves using inorganic coagulant and organic polymer with cationic polymer flocculent for flocculation process of step (b). The method involves performing the flocculation process for several times. The method involves adding fermentation inhibitor chosen from organic acid, furan type compound and phenol type compound to the biomass. Preferred Components: The organic acid is formic acid or acetic acid. The furan type compound is hydroxymethylfurfural or furfural. The phenol type compound is vanillin, aceto-vanillin or syringic acid. The aqueous sugar solution obtained in step (b) has monosaccharide as active component. The functional layer of nanofiltration membrane and/or reverse osmosis membrane comprises polyamide. The nanofiltration membrane has crosslinking piperazine polyamide of formula (I) as structural component.R=-H or -CH3;andn=0-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molecular sieve is 4A-type molecular sieve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The purity of propane is 99.9 volume% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The recycling process is repeated for two or more times with addition of further enzyme to replace losses and inactivation of enzyme activity. The non-packed bed adsorption process is: an expanded bed adsorption process; a batch adsorption process using high density, low density or magnetic adsorbent particles; or a membrane adsorption process. Preferred Components: The enzyme or mixture of enzyme is labeled to enhance the specificity and/or strength of binding to the adsorbent. The labeling of the enzyme or mixture of enzymes is performed by genetic modification or chemical modification of the enzyme(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical modification comprises dyes, DNA oligomers or analogues such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or locked nucleic acid (LNA), carbohydrate moieties or acetylation, succinylation, alkylation, reductive amination, biotinylation, boronic acids, chelating groups e.g. iminodiacetic acid (IDA), cyclodextrins, polyethylene glycols or dextrans with attached ligands. The substrate is cellulose or cellulose containing materials, starch or starch containing materials, oil containing materials, or insoluble or partly insoluble plant protein solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: (I) is added to the reaction in the form of a powder or a liquid dispersed in it. Preferred Components: The metallic catalyst comprises 40-60 (preferably 45-55) wt.% of (I). The particle size of the metallic catalyst particles is 2-100 (preferably 5-30) nm. The metallic catalyst particles are physically adsorbed to the surface of the support particles. The two or more metals A, B and C are manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, calcium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, silver, gold, cerium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, scandium, titanium, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, indium, tin, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, ytterbium and lutetium. The metal A is a primary catalyst comprising nickel, iron, cerium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, magnesium and lanthanum. The metal B is a co-catalyst comprising copper, cerium, nickel, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The metal C is an anti-sintering metal comprising cerium, potassium, lithium, zirconium, hafnium, magnesium and titanium. The support particles are comprised of a material comprising silica, alumina, magnesia, thoria, zirconia, nanotubes, nanoballs, graphene, zeolite and aerogel. The particle size of the support particles is 10-50 nm. The reaction temperature is up to 600 (preferably 400-600) degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methods comprise forming the glucosamine into a food supplement composition. The commercial-scale amount of the glucosamine is produced from the non-pretreated fungal biomass in a single acidic reaction. ACTIVITY - Antiarthritic; Analgesic; Antiinflammatory; Anabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon chain lengths of the separated hydrocarbons are 10-30+C and vary between the ranges as a function of a type of water-saturated algae provided, and type algae from which the algaenan is extracted. Preferred Method: The method further involves genetically modifying algae before the water-saturated algae are obtained as the feed material. The genetically modifying process involves introducing novel cracking points into an algaenan structure through genetic molecular engineering of biosynthesis pathways of genes responsible for algaenan formation. The extraction of the algaenan involves producing an algal paste from water-saturated algae, and treating the algal paste with one of an acid or a base for a period of time. The method involves chemically modifying the algaenan to have selective precursors subsequent to extract the algaenan and to produce particular hydrocarbon chain lengths. The chemical modification involves subjecting the algaenan to oxidative polymerization to have increased oxygenated functional groups and increased cross-linking structures, or subjecting the algaenan to saponification to have sodiated fatty acids. Preferred Microorganism: The genetically modified algae have novel cracking points. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: heating the air prior to introduction into the fluidized bed reactor using heat recovered from heated gas taken from the fluidized bed reactor or from the downstream emissions control device; a cooler (760) that employs at least one of a mixing screw conveyor, hollow flight screw conveyor, a rotary drum and a rotary tube; feeding the dried coal into a cooler, where it is cooled to a temperature of below 100 degrees C and mixed with water to restore a portion, preferably 3% of the product's equilibrium moisture. The process comprises charging air fluidized bed reactor at a velocity of 4-8 feet/second. The heat used for the single stage process is taken from exhaust associated with a coal drying process. The coal charged to the fluidized bed reactor is less than 3 inches in size. The coal charged to the fluidized bed reactor is classified as bituminous, sub-bituminous or lignite. The coal in the fluidized bed reactor is maintained at a temperature of 400-650 degrees F. The fluidized bed is maintained at a fluidized bed density of 20-50 pounds per cubic foot. The coal has a residence time in the reactor of 2-5 minutes. The reactor comprises at least one water spray to aid in the control of reactor temperature. The application of water is continuous. The biomass charged to the fluidized bed reactor has a minimum dimension of 3-10 mm, where the biomass is wood, plant material or agricultural waste. The biomass has a residence time in the reactor of 2-15 minutes.