TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene-4,8-dione is alkylated, to obtain thiophene derivative of formula (III) which is then treated with bromine to obtain bromine-containing thiophene derivative of formula (IV). The obtained compound is reacted with dioxaborolan compound of formula (V), to obtain aniline compound of formula (VI) which is then reacted with trimethyltin chloride to obtain tin derivative of formula (VII). The obtained compound is reacted with 5-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde, to obtain aldehyde compound of formula (IX) which is then reacted with piperidine in presence of acid, to obtain benzo dithiophene derivative (I). Preferred Definitions:    R1=H or group chosen from 17 groups e.g. methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy, butyloxy or pentyloxy;    R2=hexyl, 2-methylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl;and    R3=H.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(11-((2Z,4E)-4-(diphenylamino)hepta-2,4,6-trien-1-yl)-2,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),3(7),5,11-tetraen-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid of formula (Ia), is specifically claimed as benzo dithiophene derivative (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 3,6-Dibromobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid is reacted with acetic anhydride, to obtain 2,8-dibromo-5,11-dioxatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),8-triene-4,6,10,12-tetrone. The obtained compound is reacted with alkyl amine and additives, to obtain bromine compound of formula (IV) which is then reacted with thiophene-2-boronic acid in presence of catalyst to obtain isoindole compound of formula (V). The obtained compound is halogenated with N-bromosuccinimide to obtain aldehyde compound of formula (VI) which is then reacted with dimethyl formamide to obtain bromothiophene derivative of formula (VII). The obtained compound is reacted with triphenyl amine, to obtain carbaldehyde compound of formula (VIII) which is then reacted with piperidine in presence of acid, to obtain dithiophenepyrroloisoindole derivative (I). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Methyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(8-(5-((2Z,4E)-4-(diphenylamino)hepta-2,4,6-trien-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,6-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3,5,7-tetraoxo-1H,2H,3H,5H,6H,7H-pyrrolo(3,4-f)isoindol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoate of formula (Ia) is claimed as dithiophenepyrroloisoindole derivative (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inverted organic polymer-like thin film solar cell has hole-transport layer containing nickel oxide, tantalum (V) oxide, molybdenum trioxide, ruthenium trioxide, organic cation and/or anion conjugated polymer electrolyte, and electron-transport layer containing titanium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium dioxide, organic cation and/or anion conjugated polymer electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer-like thin film solar cell comprises sunlight absorption light active layer containing alkane dithiol or 1,8-octane dithiol (ODT) as additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of alternation polymerization copolymer is 30000-40000 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicone rubber layer and fluororubber layer are formed using a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by an organic peroxide used in an amount of 0.5-2 wt.% with respect to 100 parts weight of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The porous insulating layer is made of silica, alumina, magnesium oxide and high-resistant metal oxide. The nano-oxide layer comprises titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and/or niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The dye is chosen from ruthenium complex, xanthene group dye, cyanine-based dye, azo-based dye, phthalocyanine compound, anthraquinone dye, polycyclic quinone-based dye, basic dye and porphyrin-based dye, preferably ruthenium group dye. The electrolyte is chosen from liquid electrolyte, gel-type electrolyte and solid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The primary substrate is chosen from glass, conductive oxide and conductive polymer substrate. The photoelectrode and counter electrode are made of metal, conductive oxide and/or conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ceramic nanofiller is cordierite, bismuth titanate, amorphous silica, eucryptite, aluminum titanate, zircon, spodumene, willemite and mullite. Preferred Property: The particle diameter of ceramic nanofiller is 0.1-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of reactive oligomer, reactive diluent, photopolymerization initiator and photosensitizer is 60-90 parts weight, 10-80 parts weight, 0.1-10 parts weight and 0.1-5 parts weight, respectively. The reactive oligomer is polyester acrylate oligomer, epoxy acrylate oligomer and urethane acrylate oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate contains sodium oxide (10-20 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode layer comprises aluminum, silver, molybdenum, lead, chromium, platinum, copper, tin, zinc, indium, titanium, zirconium, nickel, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The aqueous solution is potassium nitrate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The electrode layer further comprises copper-zinc alloy and/or copper-tin alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The insulation protective layer is formed using ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl butyral sheet, back sheet, olefin resin, ionomer and/or polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The infinitesimal synthetic fiber is chosen from polyaramid, polyethylene oxide, polyimide, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polybenzimidazole, polyetherimide, nylon 6-co-polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, and their combinations. The polymer is chosen from polyphenylene sulfide, aromatic polyarylate, polybenzoxazole, polyfluoride, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate), PVC, polycarbonate, polyamide-imides, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyethylene oxide. The fiber has average micro pore of 0.1-2 mu m diameter. The nonwoven fabric has thickness of 10-50 mu m. The infinitesimal synthetic fiber has diameter of 100-1000 nm. The fiber is wrapped using sheath type membranous polymers. The non woven fabric has tensile strength of 100-1000 kg.f/m2. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The piezoelectric element is composed of lead-free barium zirconate-titanate/barium calcium-titanate ceramics, barium neodymium titanate (BNT) ceramics, barium strontium sodium niobate ceramics, boron nitride ceramics, sodium potassium niobate ceramics, lead zirconate titanate ceramic material, and lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The piezoelectric element is formed of polyvinylidene fluoride, and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Nitrogen-containing compound of formula (A) and aldehyde compound of formula (B) are reacted, to obtain nitrogen-containing compound of formula (C). The obtained compound is reacted to obtain phenothiazine derivative. Preferred Definitions:    R1=groups chosen from 16 groups e.g. methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy, butyloxy or pentyloxy.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Phenothiazine derivatives e.g. (2E)-2-cyano-3-(7-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid of formula (Ia), (2E)-3-(7-(4-(bis(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, (2E)-3-(7-(4-(bis(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, (2E)-3-(7-(4-(bis((4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl))amino)phenyl)-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid and (2E)-3-(7-(4-(bis(4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salts. The additive is t-Butylpyridine or 2-dimethylamino pyridine. The liquid electrolyte further comprises supporting electrolyte chosen from imidazolium iodide, pyridinium iodide and pyrrole linium iodide. The content of the binder is 5-25 parts weight. The content of the conductivity polymer is 1-10 parts weight. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quantum dot is chosen from cadmium selenide, magnesium selenide, magnesium oxide, cadmium oxide, cadmium telluride, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc telluride, mercury telluride, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium antimonate, indium antimonate, silicon, germanium, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonite, lead antimonate, lead sulfide, boron hydride and lead telluride, and has particle diameter of 1-10 nm. The electrode is indium-tin oxide transparent electrode, fluorine doped transparent conductive electrode, polymer transparent electrode, graphene transparent electrode and carbon nanotube transparent electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating layer and inorganic particles contain barium-titanium oxide, lead-zirconium-titanium oxide, lead-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium oxide, magnesium-niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, strontium titanate, tin oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous separating film material comprises polyolefin polymer. The coating agent comprises porous inorganic particles and binder polymer. The binder polymer is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-chloro trifluoro ethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butylate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxylmethylcellulose, acrylonitrile styrene butadiene copolymer and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high refraction layer is made of zinc oxide, metal oxide selected from the group, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc-annotation oxide compound, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, and nitride selected from the group silicon nitride and aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The multi-porous support is cathode or anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ceramic powder is chosen from yttria stabilized zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia, gadolinium doped ceria, samarium doped ceria, zirconium dioxide, cerium dioxide, bismuth trioxide, lanthanum gallium oxide, scandium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide, lanthanum-strontium-gallium-magnesium oxide, barium cerium oxide, barium-samarium-gadolinium-yttrium cerium oxide, barium zirconate, barium-cerium-zirconium-yttrium oxide. Preferred Property: The solid electrolyte laminated film has thickness of 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of alcohol and organic solvent is 6:4-8:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(vinyl alcohol), polybutyl acetate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The polyalkyl viologen compound has number average molecular weight of 6000-20000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The battery is made of inorganic particle selected from aluminum oxide, magnesium percolate, barium oxide, boric anhydride, calcium chloride, calcium oxide, cupric sulfate, lithium aluminum hydride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium carbonate, potassium-hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, zinc chloride or silica gel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The secondary battery is made of copolymer, fluorine-based resin, polyvinylchloride or poly acrylonitrile. The high molecular coating layer is made of polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, aromatic polyamide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyphenylenesulfide, thermotropic liquid crystal polymer, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyether imide, polyether-ether-ketone, polyarylate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylo nitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, poly tetramethylene oxide -1,4- butanediol copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate elastomer or styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is polyethylene napthenic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polypropylene and three phase acetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode and the cathode current collector layers are selected from materials such as indium tin oxide, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, manganese, stainless steel, hastelloy (RTM: corrosion resistant nickel-base alloy) and Inconel (RTM: oxidation resistant alloy used in high temperature atmosphere). The anode active material layer is selected from lithiated metal oxide. The cathode active material layer is formed using metal lithium. The thin film battery is formed using lithium phosphorus oxynitride, lithium boron oxynitride, lithium phosphate, lithium oxide-boron trioxide, lithium oxide-vanadium pentoxide, lithium silicon vanadium oxide, lithium sulfate-lithium oxide-boron trioxide, lithium silicon phosphorus oxynitride, lithium silicon oxynitride, and lithium boron phosphorus oxynitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hygroscopic material comprises hygroscopic inorganic particles, preferably calcium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, titania and silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hygroscopic material comprises hygroscopic polymer having hydrophilic group. The hygroscopic polymer is chosen from polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polymethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide methacrylate, polyethylene oxide acrylate, polyethylene oxide dimethacrylate, polyethylene oxide diacrylate and polyhydroxy ethylene acrylate. The hydrocarbon polymer comprises nylon, polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium in organic solvent is 0.6-2M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from ester solvent, ketone-based solvent, aromatic solvent and hydrocarbon-based solvent. The carbonate-type solvent is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and vinylenecarbonate. The hydrocarbon-based solvent is chosen from benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, fluorotoluene, trifluorotoluene and xylene than. The ester solvent is chosen from butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalolacton, carprolactone, n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate. The lithium salt is chosen from 16 compound e.g. lithium phosphofluorate, lithium chlorate, lithium hexafluoro arsenide, lithium tetrafluoro bromide and lithium hexafluoro antimonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separator is made of polyethylene/polypropylene or polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nanosilver particle has size of 20-35 nm. The xenon flash lamp has pulse length of 0.1-100 ms, pulse number of 1-1000, pulse gap of 0.1-100 ms and intensity of 0.01-100 J/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer binder resin is chosen from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol,polyvinyl butyl, polyethylene glycol,poly (methyl methacrylate) and dextran. The precursor is silver nitrate or silver sulfate. The substrate is chosen from polyimide film, bismaleimide-triazine epoxy-glass fiber, polyethylene film and photo paper. Preferred Process: The coating process is carried out by screen printing, inkjet printing or gravure printing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin is polyethylene, preferably low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ultra low-density polyethylene and linear polyethylene. The silane compound is unsaturated silane having ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon group and hydrolyzable functional group. Preferred Property: The melt index (MI) of the polyolefin is 1-30 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent substrate is glass or polymer film. Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive film has thickness of 500 nm to 2 mu m and surface roughness of 1-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert atmosphere contains argon, hydrogen and/or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon black is ketchen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, crystalline graphite or graphene. The active material contains lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt-nickel oxide, lithium cobalt manganese oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide or lithium cobalt manganese nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particle is titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate or zinc oxide. The content of base resin, inorganic particles and ultraviolet absorber is 75-89 weight%, 3-15 weight% and 0.1-5 weight%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The surface layer has vinyl acetate content of 3-20 weight%, melt index of 0.7-4.5 g/10 minutes and maleic anhydride content of 1000-7000 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin-based film is low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polymethylpentene, and their copolymer, and containing blend material, inorganic particle, base resin and ultraviolet absorber. The maleic anhydride graft-copolymer is maleic anhydride-grafted low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted linear low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted high density polyethylene or maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles are chosen from titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, silica, alumina, talc, kaolin or their mixture. The amount of inorganic particles is 10-30 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polymer resin is polyethylene terephthalate. The amount of polyester resin is 0.01-0.1 weight%. The white film has thickness of 50-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are chosen from titanium dioxide, barium sulphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, silica, alumina, talc and kaolin. The content of inorganic particles in masterbatch is 10-30 parts weight. Preferred Property: The inorganic particles have average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polymer resin in masterbatch is 30-70 parts weight. The polymer resin is polyester-type resin having t glass transition temperature of 60-120 degrees C. Preferred Property: The white film has thickness of 50-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anions of lithium salt are 34 ions chosen from fluorine ion, chlorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion and nitrate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound containing vinylene group or vinyl group is vinyl group-containing acrylate compound, ethylene carbonate-based compound containing vinyl group, and sulfonate-based compound containing vinyl group. The multi-nitrile compound having ether bond is 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane, 1,1,1-tris(cyanoethoxymethyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)-2,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxymethyl)propane and 3,3-((2-((2-cyanoethoxy)methyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy))bis(propanenitrile). The organic solvent comprises ether, ester, chain carbonate and cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate comprises ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate. The chain carbonate comprises dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate. The ether comprises dimethyl ether, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and ethylpropylether. The ester comprises methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -carprolactone, and epsilon -carprolactone. The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte further contains halogen compound of formula (II).X,Y'=H, chloro or fluoro.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The comonomer is vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and/or hexafluoropropylene. The fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate has a carbon number of 4-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of comonomer is 1-30 wt.% with respect to seed particles. The usage amount of fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate, non-fluorinated (meth)acrylate, and acrylamide-based monomer is 20-100 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of seed particles. The usage amount of fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate is 2-70 wt.%, the usage amount of non-fluorinated (meth)acrylate is 25-97 wt.%, and the usage amount of acrylamide-based monomer is 0.1-5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polybenzimidazole further contains monomer chosen from polybenzoxazole, polybenzthiazole, tetramine and polyphenyl quinoxaline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor is chosen from copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, silicone, iron, antimony, aluminum and bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent selected in the N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulphoxide, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, N-methylpyrolidone, chloroform, toluene and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyper furyl alcohol is chosen from resorcinol-formaldehyde-gel, phenol-formaldehyde-gel, phenol resin, melamine-formaldehyde-gel and epoxy resin. The radiation composition further contains carbon precursor and/or polymer resin, solvent or metal precursor. The carbon precursor is chosen from poly acrylonitrile, cellulose, glucose, polyvinylchloride, polyacrylic acid, polylactic acid, polyethylene oxide, polypyrrole, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyaramide, polybenzyl imidazole, phenol resin, polyaniline, poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) and polythiophene. The polymer resin is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene oxide. The weight-average molecular weight of polymer resin is 50000-500000. The weight ratio of polyper furyl alcohol and carbon precursor is 1:0.01-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal flexible dye-sensitized solar cell is formed with a metal layer composed of titanium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, aluminum, nickel, chromium, molybdenum or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Polymer plastic substrates comprise polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polyethersulfone. Sealing material comprises polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic crystal is succinonitrile. The polymer matrix is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate, poly(bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy ethoxy))phosphazene), polyethyleneimine, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene succinate), polyethylene sulfide, poly oxymethylene-oligo(oxyethylene), polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate), polyvinyl chloride, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyvinylidene difluoride, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and their mixture. The lithium salt is lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium bisperfluoroethylsulfonyl imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium thiocyanate, lithium triflate, lithium tetrafluoroaluminate, lithium perchlorate and their mixture. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silylpropyl methacrylate is 3-trimethoxy silylpropyl methacrylate. The electrolyte comprises 3-methoxypropionitrile, lithium iodide, iodine, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and t-butyl pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particles are chosen from gold, silver, tin, lead, copper, aluminum, nitrogen and iron. The plating layer is made of zinc, tin, silver, nickel, palladium and/or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal layer is made of copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, palladium, chromium, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, titanium, magnesium, tin or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive resin layer includes thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin. The thermosetting resin is chosen from modified acryl resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, bismaleimide resin, phenol resin and melamine resin. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyamide resin, nitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, acryl rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene rubber, polyurethane resin and phenoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particles are gold, silver, tin, lead, copper, aluminum, nickel and/or iron. The electrode paste composition (B1) contains aluminum. The electrode paste composition (A1) contains silver. The connection component is copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, magnesium, tin and/or aluminum. Preferred Property: The particle size of conductive particles is 0.1-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesion resin layer comprises 1-30 wt.% of conductive particles, and thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin. The thermosetting resin is chosen from modified acrylate resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, and melamine resin. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, phenoxy resin, nitrile-butadiene rubber, acryl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion of lithium salt is fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, chlorate, thiocyanate, N(CN)2-, PF6-, (CF3)2PF4-, (CF3)3PF3-, (CF3)4PF2-, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, CF3SO3-, CF3CF2SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N-, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3-, CF3CO2-, CH3CO2-, and (CF3CF2SO2)2N-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nitrile compound in nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is 0.01-10 parts weight.The organic solvent is chain carbonate, cyclic carbonate ether, ester and/or amide. The chain carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and/or ethylpropyl carbonate.The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate and/or their halide.The ether is dimethyl ether, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and/or ethylpropylether. The ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, sigma -valerolactone and/or epsilon -caprolactone. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = methylene, ethylene,propylene or methyl or phenyl substituted by CN or halogen.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Nitrile compounds (I) e.g. 1,4-dicyano-2-butyne of formula (IA), 1,6-dicyano-3-hexyne, 1,5-dicyano-3-hexyne, 1,4-dicyano-1,4-diphenyl butyne, and 1,4-dicyano-1,4-difluorobutyne are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron receptor is fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative is 6,6-phenyl-61C- methyl butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Halogenated 3-(4-n-octyl)phenyl thiophene of formula (II) is polymerized to obtain poly(n-octylphenyl)thiophene derivative (I).X1,X2=iodo, bromo or chloro.Preferred Property: The poly(n-octylphenyl)thiophene derivative (I) has polydispersity index of 1.2-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nanomaterial is nanopowder, nanoparticles, nanorods and/or nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanomaterial is mixed with distilled water, chlorobenzene, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-methoxyethanol, and/or dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The crosslinking agent is isocyanate-based compound. The crosslinking promoter is chosen from Lewis acid or Lewis base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The adhesive layer has initial adhesive strength of 9 N/15 mm or more. The adhesive composition further contains epoxy resin (0.01-60 parts weight) and crosslinking promoter (0.001-15 parts weight) with respect to polyester polyol (100 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mean size of the silicon nano particle is 1-100 nm. The silicon nano particle is an amorphous nano particle. The membranous polymer is the lithium ion conductivity polymer, which transfers the lithium ion into the nano particle. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the polyalkylene oxides and silicon nano particle is 1:10-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The membranous polymer comprises polyalkylene oxides, preferably polyethylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membranous polymer has weight-average molecular weight of 200-20000. The battery comprises polyelectrolyte comprising polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal layer contains copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, palladium, chromium, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, titanium, magnesium, tin or aluminum. The conductive particles are silver, gold, tin, lead, copper, aluminum, nickel and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The multilayer film is cut to the width of 0.5-2.5 mm. Preferred Composition: The adhesive resin layer comprises thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin. The thermosetting resin is modified acrylate resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, bismaleimide resin, alkyd resin, phenol resin and/or melamine resin. The thermoplastic resin is polyamide resin, nitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, acryl rubber, styrene butadiene styrene, styrene ethylene butadiene styrene, polyurethane, and/or phenoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur black dye is pontamine. The black pigment is carbon black pigment. The dispersing agent is Surfynol (RTM: Not defined) dispersant. The leveling agent is phosphate leveling agent. The antifoaming agent is Surfynol (RTM: Not defined) defoamer. Preferred Method: The composition is coated on the macromolecular film layer by gravure or comma roll coating technique.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The macromolecular film is chosen from aramid film, polyimide film, PET film, polyaryletherketone (PEEK) film, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film and polypropylene film. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method involves drying the product at 90-150 degrees C, preferably 200 degrees C for 15 minutes. The fluorine resin is spray coated at a thickness of 2-5 mu m. Preferred Components: The active material is the carbon black. The organic solvent is the isopropyl alcohol. The binder is polyester. The current collector comprises nickel fiber. The fluorine resin is polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode and cathode are made of indium-tin- oxide, aluminum-zinc-oxide, gold, silver, aluminum, calcium, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, silver-doped magnesium, aluminum-doped lithium, conductivity polymer, carbon nanotube or graphene. The hole injection layer and electron injection layer are made of tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenylbenzo nitrile compound is chosen from 4-biphenylcarbonitrile, 4-cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl compound, 3-cyanobiphenyl and 2-cyanobiphenyl compound. The content of phenylbenzo nitrile compound is 0.5-5 parts weight of 100 parts weight of nonaqueous liquid electrolyte. The organic solvent is chosen from ester, amide, linear carbonate and cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and their halide. The linear carbonate is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate. The ether is chosen from dimethylether, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and ethylpropylether. The ester is chosen from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butylpropionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -carprolactone, sigma -valerolactone and epsilon -carprolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first mixture is stirred at a speed of 400-450 revolutions per minute (rpm). The method further involves adding (in parts weight) and mixing: viscosity regulator (2-10), antifoaming agent (1-3) and/or foaming agent (1-3) with the deodorizing absorbent, antimicrobial agent and phytoncides extract in the step (e) before the mixture is being subjected to fermentation. Preferred Components: The particle size of rice hull powder and inorganic phase change material is 800 and 500 mesh respectively. The inorganic phase change material comprises pearlite, diatomite and vermiculite. The deodorizing absorbent is mordenite having particle size of 1000 mesh. The antifoaming agent is chosen from octyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, higher alcohol, ethylene glycol and non-ionic surfactant. The foaming agent is chosen from azo-based compound, nitroso compound and sulfo hydrazide-based compound. The viscosity regulator is chosen from corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and tapioca starch. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises (in parts weight): viscosity regulator (2-10), antifoaming agent (1-3) and/or foaming agent (1-3). Preferred Components: The particle size of powder and inorganic phase change material is 800 and 500 mesh respectively. The inorganic phase change material comprises pearlite, diatomite and vermiculite. The deodorizing absorbent is mordenite having particle size of 1000 mesh. The antifoaming agent is chosen from octyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, higher alcohol, ethylene glycol and non-ionic surfactant. The foaming agent is chosen from azo-based compound, nitroso compound and sulfo hydrazide-based compound. The viscosity regulator is chosen from corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch and tapioca starch. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The p-type molecule is fluorene or carbazole, preferably 9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molecule (n-type molecule) having electron withdrawing group property is quinoxaline or 2,1,3- benzothiadiazoles (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole). The organic photoelectric conversion element has a hole-transport layer containing (poly(3,4-ethylenediocy-thiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonic acid)) or N,N'-bis(3-methyl phenyl)-N,N-diphenyl- (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine(TPD).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal foil layer is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, aluminum base alloy and the copper base alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine-based resin is vinylidene fluoride or vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethyene, perfluoro(ethylvinylether)), perfluoropropylvinylether, perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), and comonomer selected from the group consisting of perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan. The macromolecular film selected from the group consisting of acrylic film, polyolefin film, polyamide film, polyurethane film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film and polybutylene terephthalate film. The polymer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride resin, epoxy resin, fluorine resin, acrylic resin and silicone resin. The insulating layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate film or linear low density polyethylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is 1,1-di(t-amyl peroxy)cyclohexane, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and/or 1,1-dicyclohexane. The sealing material sheet further comprises (in parts weight) crosslinking support agent (0.1-10), silane coupling agent (0.1-5), stabilizer (0.1-5), and ultraviolet-absorbing agent, antiaging agent and discoloration preventive agent. The silane coupling agent is vinyl-tris-( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane, gamma -methoxypropyl trimethoxy silane, beta -(3,4-ethoxycyclohexyl)ethyl trimethoxy silane and/or gamma -mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane. The stabilizer is hydroquinone, hydroquinone methylethyl, p-benzoquinone and/or methyl-hydroquinone. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent is 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfone benzophenone and/or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole. The anti-aging agent is bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperazyl)sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melt flow index of ethylene vinyl acetate resin is 20-50 g/10 minute at 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The SU-8 polymer layer has thickness of 2-10 mu m. The SU-8 polymer is deposited on the surface of the organic solar cell by spin-coating method or screen printing method. The active layer comprises mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene), o-dichlorobenzene and (6,6)-phenyl 61C butyric acid methyl ester. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic composition comprises organic solvent and conductive high-molecular compound in ratio of 1:1-1. The high-molecular compound is chosen from polyparaphenylene-vinylene compound, polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polypyridine, polysiloxane carbazole, polybrene, polyphenylacetylene, polyacetylene, fullerene, polyacrylonitrile polymer and their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Alkyl vinyl benzene sulfonate is reacted with alkyl imidazole in alcohol, to obtain dialkyl imidazolium styrene-sulfonate (I). Preferred Component: The polymerization initiator is azobisiobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further includes alkylimidazole iodide (40-70 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polymer selected from polyamide-imide, polyimide, PTFE, polyether-ether-ketone (RTM: colorless organic polymer thermoplastic), polyarylate, polyethersulfone, polyether imide, polyphenylene sulfide or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of titanium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, copper and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer plastic substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor solution contains aqueous sodium chloride, deionized water, titanium butoxide reagent and anhydrous ethanol. The composite nanoparticles contain sodium chloride and titanium dioxide. The mesoporous nanoparticles contain titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titania in weather-resistant multilayer film is 5-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene fluoride resin is single resin or copolymer resin. The polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer resin contains vinylidene fluoride (more than 50 wt.%) and comonomer chosen from polyvinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl)ether, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole) and perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole). The thermoplastic polyester elastomer comprises poly(butylene terephthalate), polyethylene naphthalate, polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate and/or polytrimethylene terephthalate. Preferred Property: The weather-resistant multilayer film has tensile strength of 3.8 kgf/mm2 or more along the longitudinal direction and width direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixing mole ratio of polymer and first lithium salt is 1:20-1:15. The polymers are chosen from poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidenefluoride and their combinations. The first and second lithium salts are identical or different. The lithium salts are chosen from lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalatoborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium bisper?uoroethanesulfonimide salt and their combinations. The lithium secondary battery further comprises filler. The filler is chosen from zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and their combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The diffusion barrier is formed on a side of a, iron-nickel alloy substrate. Preferred Components: The diffusion barrier comprises chromium and nickel. The iron precursor utilized in the method, is selected from iron sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and sulfamic acid iron, and the nickel precursor is selected from nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and nickel nitrate and nickel sulfamate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant utilized in the method is polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorine acrylic monomer is octafluorine pentyl acrylate and/or hexafluoride pentyl acrylate. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 10-50 parts weight of benzotriazole acrylic monomer. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves preparing a composition including the metal particles, a solvent and a binder and coating the obtained composition on the substrate. Preferred Component: The chalcogen element includes selenium element. Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of copper-indium-gallium alloy particles is 0.001-10 mu m. The grain size of the light absorption layer is 1-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, polypropylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, 1,4-dioxane, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicate alkali metal salt is one or more chosen from sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O in a molar ratio of 2-4), potassium silicate, lithium silicate, sodium ortho silicate, hexa sodium disilicate, and sodium metasilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises one or more water-soluble resin chosen from carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and poly acrylic acid ammonium salt or alkali metal salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide of coating layer is selected from the group consisting of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fiber is chosen from rock wool, glass wool, basalt and ceramic wool. The porous mineral is chosen from pearlite, vermiculate, pumice and diatomite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is chosen from hydroxide, halide, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, carbonate and bicarbonate of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, barium and zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The retarder is chosen from gelatin, tartaric acid, alkali metal salt or alkaline-earth metal salt of tartaric acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylate, borate, sucrose, hexametaphosphate, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, starch and Arabic gum. The non-combustible renewable composition further contains (in)organic fiber and porous mineral. The organic fiber is chosen from pulp, paper, rice hulls, straw, wood dust and waste fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The bond reinforcing component comprises polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, poly(P-phenylene benzo bisoxazole), ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene or paraaramid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction additive is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, potassium bromide or imidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The compound (a2) is of formula: R1'-(CH2-CH2O)n'R2' or R1'-(CH2CH(-CH3)-O)n'-R2' (I) and the oligomer is of formula: CnH2n+1(OCH2CH2)m-OR1 (II).n=12-18;m=2-100;R1,R1',R2'=H or optionally substituted 1-3C alkyl;andn'=5-600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin is chosen from norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 5-butyl-2-norbornene, 5-methyl-2-norbornene, 5-hexyl-2-norbornene, 5-dimethylmethoxynorbornene, dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene. The alkenyl dialkylaluminuim compound is chosen from propenyl diethyl aluminum, propenyl diisobutyl aluminum, pentenyl diethyl aluminum, pentenyl diisobutyl aluminum, hexenyl diisobutyl aluminum, hexenyl diethyl aluminum, octenyl diisobutyl aluminum, octenyl diethyl aluminum, decenyl diisobutyl aluminum and dodecenyl diisobutyl aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Cyclic olefin and alkenyl dialkylaluminuim compound are copolymerized, to obtain cyclic olefin copolymer. Preferred Property: The cyclic olefin copolymer has weight-average molecular weight of 1000-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic solar cell further has an optical conversion active layer containing a fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of water, hydrochloric acid and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) is 1:1:1/60.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinyl butyral. The solvent is ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl iso ketone, ethylene glycol, aniline, toluene or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing agent is solution containing oxidant chosen from sulfuric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium permanganate and potassium persulfate. Metallic catalyst used for manufacturing supporting catalyst is chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, tin, rhodium, osmium, iridium, tungsten, bismuth, and ruthenium. Metal salt comprised in metal catalyst precursor used for supporting catalyst is chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, tin, rhodium, osmium, iridium, tungsten, bismuth and ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The functional group is chosen from hydroxy radical, carboxylic acid group and epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copper etchant is dipped in deionized water. Poly methyl methacrylate is coated on the copper etchant. Glass substrate is removed. The bottom electrode layer is dipped in Polydiallyldimethylammonium solution. The titania nano-sheet is soaked in colloidal solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, poly tetra methylbutyl amino group element, phosphite and hydroxylamine series group element, and bis sebaciate are used as filler in the sheet layer. The joining film is made of gum rosin toluene solution provided with methyl ethyl ketone, vinyl acetate resin, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane resin, dimethylformamide, toluene, or nylon powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet layers are made of thermoplastic polyolefin series elastomer such as poly propylene resin, polyethylene resin, rubber, and acrylic resin. The base material layer is made of polyester nonwoven sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction derivative is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide and/or potassium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano polyelectrolyte comprises polar group chosen from -O-, -CN-, -COO-, -CF- or -CCl-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer matrix has weight average molecular weight of 104-106 g/mol and glass transition temperature of -60 degrees C to 20 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The polymer matrix is polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate and/or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bottom electrode of solar cell is made of molybdenum, copper, nickel, iron, aluminum, cobalt, platinum, gold, chromium or titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The molar ratio of methane gas and hydrogen gas used in formation of graphene layer is 1:1 to 1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt is dissolved in organic solvent. The concentration of the salt added to the organic solvent is 0.1-2 M. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (LiN(CF3SO2)2), and lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methane (LiC(CF3SO2)3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, other carbonate, ionic solvent and their mixtures. The cyclic carbonate includes ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and vinyl ethylene carbonate. The linear carbonate is dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran. The other carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or ethyl methyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in wt.%) poly(dimethylsiloxane) particle (0.1-20, preferably 0.1-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layers: The organic film further consists of a hole-transport layer and an electron-accepting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is a metallic foil. The hole-transport layer comprises tungstic oxide. The negative electrode comprises silver, gold and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The electron-transport layer comprises bathophenanthroline, bathocuproine, zinc oxide, and/or titania. The electron-donating layer comprises copper phthalocyanine or zinc phthalocyanine. The electron-accepting layer comprises perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole or 60C fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hole-transport layer comprises polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid solution is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, nitric acid or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoreactive nanoparticles are cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, lead sulfide, zinc sulfide, indium phosphide or gallium arsenide. The light sensitive metal oxides are silicon oxide, titanium oxide, ferric oxide, iridium dioxide, cobalt oxide or tungsten trioxide. Preferred Composition: The biomimetic light-harvesting synthetic woods have macropore size of 10-100 mu m and mesopore size of 15-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves dissolving cellulose, xylan and lignin and light sensitive materials in ionic solution in a ratio of 0.1-10:1 containing cations and anions at room temperature, and heating the solution. The step (b) is performed using blade coating method. Preferred Components: The ionic solution (cation) includes 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium, imidazolium, (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-allyloxy-3-methylimidazolium, 1-(2-hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimidazolium and benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium chloride. The ionic solution (anion) includes tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate. The light sensitive material is porphyrin, photoreactive nanoparticles or light sensitive metal oxides. The porphyrin is chosen from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21h,23h-porphine, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphirine, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato cobalt(II) (CoTMPP), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21h,23h-porphine, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21h,23h-porphine zinc. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The fuel cell is direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or indirect methanol fuel cell (IMFC). The amount of methanol in mixed solution is 3-50 pts. wt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid mixture comprises (in parts weight): sulfuric acid (3-7) and acetic acid (3-7). The mixed solution comprises (in wt.%): distilled water (60-70), nitric acid (20-30) and hydrofluoric acid (5-10). The surfactant is cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is trichloroethylene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene and tetrahydrofuran. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous catalyst contains ruthenium complexes (RuCl3xH2O/TPPTS), ((Ru(H2O)6)(tos)2/TPPTS) or ((Ru(H2O)6)(tos)3/TPPTS). The catalytic hydrogel further comprises sodium formate as initiator.x=not defined.N.B. x is not defined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of ruthenium-based aqueous catalyst is greater than 5 times the amount of absorbent polymer. The absorbent polymer is formed using superabsorbent polymer. The superabsorbent polymer contains polyacrylate of formula: (-CH2-CH(COOX)-)n. The superabsorbent polymer is sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, and/or starch-grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile. The absorbent polymer is formed as thin sheet, powder, segments of thin sheets, weave, mesh, laminate, pellets, sponge and non-uniform layer. The hydrogel is permeable to hydrogen and carbon dioxide product gas.X=alkali metal;andn=not defined.N.B. n is not defined.
Preferred Definitions:A=one or more of 15 group of compounds e.g. of formulae (f), (g) and (h).    for structure (f):    R1=H or Cl;    R2=H, Cl or CNSO2NHR;    R3=H, Cl, CN, CONHR or COOR;    R4=H, CH3, CN, COOR or C6H5;    R5=H, Cl, NHR, CN, SO3Na, SO2NHR, CONHR, COOR, or NHCOR;    R6=H, Cl, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR or COOR;    R=H and straight-chain saturated alkyl of CpH2p+1; and    p=1-18.    for structure (g):    R1=H, OCH3, OCH2CH3;    R2=CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH2CN or CH2CH2OCOCH3;    R3=CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH2CN or CH2CH2OCOCH3;    R4=H, NHCOCH3 or NHCOC2H-5; and    R5=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR or COOR;    R6=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, CH3, OCH 3, OC2H5, CONH2, COOCH3 or COOC2H5;    R=H or straight-chain saturated alkyl of CpH2p+1; and    p=1-18.    for structure (h):    R1=H, OCH3 or OCH2CH3;    R2=H, OH, OCH3, Cl, CN, or OCOCH3;    R3=H, NHCOCH3, NHCOC2H5;    R4=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR, or COOR;    R5=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR;    R6=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, CONH2, COOCH3, COOC2H5; and    R=H or CpH2p+1; and    p=1-18.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor oxide is chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, tungsten trioxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, zirconia, lanthanum oxide and niobium pentoxide, and has particle size of 2-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye comprises ruthenium complex, antocyanine, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, merocyanine, cyanine, squaraine dye and eosin. The catalyst medium comprises ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, graphene, palladium, platinum, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene derivative and polyaniline. The electrolyte comprises solvent-type liquid electrolyte, polymer electrolyte, solid electrolyte, conductive polymer and gel electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealant comprises fluorine resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polymer hydrocarbon and cellulose compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery has discharge capacity of 800-2200 mA/g and rechargeable rate of 100 mA/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The volume of mesopores is 1.5-2.5 cm3/g and the volume of macropores is 0.2-0.3 cm3/g. The carbon nano-structure has BET surface area of 1000-2000 m2/g and total pore volume of 2.0-3.5 cm3/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte in the battery comprises lithium perchlorate, and ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, in the weight ratio 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of photostabilizer is 0.01-0.5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is 25-32 wt.%. The photostabilizer is chosen from compounds containing piperidine groups. Preferred Property: The melt flow index of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is 6-30 g/10 minutes, under load of 2.16 kg at 190 degrees C. Preferred Process: The melt mixing is carried out at below decomposition temperature of organic peroxide in an extruder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone compound, benzotriazole compound, or double bond benzotriazole compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves extrusion of the mixing product carried out in an extruder. Preferred Composition: The content of ultraviolet absorber is 0.01-0.5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin in the sheet is 25-32 weight%. Preferred Property: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin has melt index of 6-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal layer is made of copper, iron, aluminum, gold, silver, tin, zinc or their alloys, preferably copper and iron or their alloy. The plating layer includes a plating layer (a) including nickel, nickel-palladium alloy, tin, silver or their alloys, plating layer (b) including palladium, gold, silver, tin or their alloy, plating layer (c) including gold or its alloy, plating layer (d) including palladium, gold, tin, silver or their alloys, plating layer (E) including palladium or its alloy. The conductive particles are nickel or its alloy particles or copper particles. The gold layer comprises gold layer (a') comprising gold, silver, nickel-palladium, tin or their alloy, gold layer (b') comprising palladium or its alloy and nickel-palladium and gold layer (c') including conductive polymer, and has thickness of 0.01-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive resin layer comprises thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin, and has thickness of 0.01-10 mu m. The thermosetting resin is chosen from modified acrylate resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin and melamine resin. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polysulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polyurethane resin and phenoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module further has buffer layer containing glass frit, silica, alumina, aluminum-nitride, boron nitride and silicon nitride, and metal electrode layer containing aluminum, silver and copper. The weight ratio of glass frit and metal powder is 3:97-85:15. The heat-radiation frame contains aluminum, stainless steel, copper, carbon and graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxy resin, acryl, melamine, polystyrene, or poly vinyl butyral material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal nanoparticle is gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, zinc or iron. The semiconductor layer is made of copper indium gallium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar-cell module has mat formed on side(s) of frontside encapsulating material or backside encapsulating material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The frontside encapsulating material has ultraviolet transmittance of 40-100%. Preferred Composition: The frontside encapsulating material comprises (in parts weight) ethylene-vinyl acetate resin (100), crosslinking agent (0.1-5), silane coupling agent (0.1-5), crosslinking supporting agent (0.1-10), stabilizer (0.1-5), ultraviolet-absorbing agent (0.001-0.05), and 0.001-0.05 parts weight of 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-phenyl ester, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl ester or hexadecyl 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzoate. The backside encapsulating material comprises transparent layer having reflectance of 0-10% and opaque layer having reflectance of 50-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of photostabilizer and ultraviolet-absorbing agent is 0.01-0.5 parts weight and 0.01-0.5 parts weight, respectively with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer resin. The content of vinyl acetate having melt index of 6-30 g/10 minutes under load of 2.16 kg at 190 degrees C in the ethylenevinylacetate copolymer resin is 25-32 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary electrode contains alkali metal chosen from calcium and barium, halogen compound chosen from lithium fluoride, barium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and cesium fluoride, and oxadiazole-type polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An alkyl silane-type self-assembled thin film is formed on surface of substrate. Preferred Composition: The electron acceptance layer contains fullerene derivative comprising methyl-(6,6)phenyl-61C-butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The counter electrode contains poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate). The hole susceptible layer contains poly-3-alkylthiophene, poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly(2-methyl-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylene vinylene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(3,6-carbazole) and/or poly(N-(4-octyloxyphenyl)-2,7-carbazolenevinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The copolymer is obtained using monomeric compound chosen from acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl ester, imide, benzyl imidazole, phenol, ethylene, propylene, polyvinyl chloride, styrene, aniline, methyl methacrylate, vinylidene chloride, and vinylidene fluoride. The lignin copolymer is obtained by carrying out graft copolymerization of monomeric compound (50-90 weight%) and lignin (10-50 weight%). Redox initiator used for copolymerization is peroxide. Solvent used for preparing copolymer is chosen from dimethyl sulfoside (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). The carbon fiber has carbonization yield of more than 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron carrier comprises titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, aluminum oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium and/or strontium titanium oxide. The electrolyte comprises iodide, bromide, poly sulfide, cobalt (II)/cobalt (III)-type and/or (Ni (III)/Ni (IV)-type electrolyte. The photo absorbent comprises cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, silicon, germanium, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, copper indium disulfide, copper gallium selenide, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, antimony telluride, tin sulfide (SnSx), nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, iron sulfide (FeSx).x=1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole buffer layer comprises (poly(3-hexylthiophene)), (poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'- dimethyloctyloxyl))-1,4-phenylenevinylene), (poly(2-methoxy-5-(2''-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene)), (poly(3-octyl thiophene)), (poly(p-phenylenevinylene)), poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenyl amine), (poly(octyl thiophene)), (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene)), (poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl))) and/or poly((9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor layer contains copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper acetate, indium chloride, indium nitrate, indium sulfate, indium acetate, gallium nitrate, gallium acetate, gallium chloride, gallium nitrate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, tin nitrate, tin chloride, tin acetate and/or tin sulfate, and solvent chosen from methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, 2-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, ethylene glycol and/or monoethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (Q) comprises taking 3,4-di(5-bromo-substituted thienyl)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-diketone monomer as the molar weight standard, adding same molar weight of dipink salt monomer and 0.05 times of a catalyst of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium into a reaction vessel, in which the air is replaced with high-purity argon for 3 times, adding anhydrous and anaerobic methylbenzene solvent, heating and refluxing it to react for 72 hours under argon atmosphere, after reaction, subsiding the obtained polymer in carbinol/muriatic acid (10:1), carbinol/acetone/muriatic acid (8:4:1), acetone/muriatic acid (10:1) in a proper sequence, leaching it, Soxhlet extracting the collected polymer for 48 hours by the acetone and n-hexane, and drying the polymer for 24 hours by vacuum at a temperature of 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The second solvent is the mixed solvent of sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The third solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate; the catalytic agent is mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand; and amount of the catalyst is 0.005 to 0.1 times of that of 4-alkyl-2,6-di (trimethyl tin-base)-4H-dithiophene (3,2-b:2', 3'-d) pyrrole. The organic palladium is Pd(PPh 3) 4, Pd 2(dba) 3, or Pd(PPh 3) 2Cl 2; and the organic phosphorus-containing ligand is a P(o-Tol) 3. Preferred Composition: In mixture of the organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand, the mole ratio of the organic palladium to organic phosphorus ligand is 1:1-10. Preferred Definition:    n=20-80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is sucrose, polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin, or asphalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, sodium bicarbonate solution or tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution. Dosage of alkali liquor is 2-20 times of mol amount of compound (F).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): (I) is prepared by:(A) providing fluorene compound of formula (A), anthracene compound of formula (B), dithienothienole compound of formula (C) and boron-containing compound of formula (D);(B) in oxygen-free environment, adding compound (A) and n-butyllithium into first solvent at mol ratio of 1:2-1: 4 at - 70 degrees C to - 85 degrees C, adding 2-4 times compound, and reacting for 12-48 hours to obtain boron-substituted fluorene compound of formula (F); and(C) in oxygen-free environment, adding compound (F), compound (B) and compound (C) into second solvent comprising catalyst and alkali liquor at mol ratio of i:j:k, performing Suzuki reaction for 24-72 hours at 70-100 degrees C to obtain desired copolymer (I).Preferred Method: First solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and/or ethyl acetate. Mol. dosage of catalyst is 0.01-20% of mol amount of compound (F). Catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. Organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium (II) acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. Organic phosphorus ligand is tricyclohexyl phosphine or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. Second solvent is toluene, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and/or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent is benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl-2-ethyl acrylate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxide) hexane or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in isopropyl carbonate. The antioxidant is triphenyl phosphate, orthophosphorous acid tri (nonyl phenyl)ester, tetra (2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl-4,4'-biphenyl) phosphate or pentaerythritol bis-phosphite di(stearyl alcohol). The ultraviolet absorbent is 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-acryloxy-propoxy) benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole or N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxyphenyl) oxalyl diamine. The light stabilizer is 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pyridine alcohol fatty acid ester, or succinic acid. The coupling agent is glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silane, gamma-glycidol ether oxygen propyl triethoxy silicon or gamma-(methacrylic acid oxy) propyl dimethoxy silicon. The spectrum conversion agent is distyryl bis-benzoxazole, 2,5-bis (5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene or 4,4-(5 methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Glass fiber is 0.1-1.0 mm long. Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether has molecular weight of 400-1500 Daltons. Special polyurethane of hydroxylterminated polyurethane toughening agent -NCO is connected with methylene group. Special polyurethane toughening agent is of formula (A). Toughened curing agent is of formula (B), where n is not given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano particles are indium chloride, indium acetylacetonate, indium-nitrate composite (In(NO3)3xH2O), indium sulfate, and/or indium acetate, gallium chlorides, gallium acetylacetonate, gallium nitride and/or gallium acetate, zinc chloride, zinc nitride, zinc sulfate and/or zinc acetate, tin chloride, tin nitrate composite (Sn(NO3)2xH2O), tin sulfate and/or tin acetate, copper chloride, copper acetylacetonate, copper nitrate composite (Cu(NO3)2H2O), copper sulfate and/or copper acetate, selenium chloride and/or sodium selenite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During manufacture of the thin-film solar cell, hydrazine anhydride, binder, water, alcohol, glycol and/or carbonate-type compound, and dispersing agent are mixed with alcoholic organic solvent. The alcoholic organic solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, mono-ethanolamine, tridecylalcohol, pentanol, propylene and/or glycol. The dispersing agent is oleic acid, 1-pentanol or propionic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is ethylcellulose, polypropylene carbonate or polypropylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicone compound is chosen from silver polydimethyl silicone, polymethylphenyl silicone, polydiphenyl silicone, polymethyl hydrogen silicon, poly methylethyl silicone and polydiethyl silicone. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trimethanesulfonate, lithium methanesulfonate (LiC4F9SO3), lithium-nitro sulfonate (LiN(C2F5SO3)2), lithium-nitro sulfonate (LiN(C2F5SO2)2), lithium-nitro sulfonate (LiN(CF3SO2)2), lithium iodide and/or lithium chloride. The lithium salt has concentration of 0.8-1.5 M. The nonaqueous solvent is linear carbonate group solvent and/or cyclic carbonate solvent in a volume ratio of 1:1-1:5. The linear carbonate solvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and methylpropyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate and fluorine ethylene carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises at least one additive chosen from t-butylpyridine, guanidine thiocyanate and N-methylbenzimidazole. The electrolyte comprises 0.1-30 parts weight of dendritic polymer with respect to 100 parts weight of the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dendritic polymer is polarized. The dendritic polymer has average molecular weight of 500-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The single-ion monomer is lithium acrylate, lithium methacrylate, lithium styrene sulfonate and/or lithium acrylamide propane sulfonate. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluorosulfonylimide. The solvent is acetonitrile. Preferred Properties: The polysiloxane polymer resin has molecular weight of 1700-10000g. The molecular weight of the allyl polyether is 230-400 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second layer is sub-layer of the encapsulating material, which forms the upper layer of the encapsulating material. The aryl group contains silicone resin having structure of formula (R1R2R3SiO1/2)a(R4R5SiO2/2)b(R6SiO3/2)c(SiO4/2)d, and the resin includes the siloxane unit having structure of formula (R7R8SiO2/2) or (R9SiO3/2). The aryl group containing silicone resin satisfies the expression of (X greater than or equal to 0.15), where X represents the molar ratio of the entire silicon atoms that are included in the resin containing aryl/silicon group.R1-R6=alkyl, aryl, H, hydroxy, epoxy, acryl, isocyanate, alkoxy or alkenyl; or directly bonded with the silicon atom;a= 0-0.6;b=0-0.98;c=0-0.8;d=0-0.4, where a+b+c+d is 1;andR7-R9=alkyl or aryl, where if b and c is zero, R7 and R8 represents aryl..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicone resin has a weight average molecular weight of 500-200000. The second layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate group or polyolefin-group polymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene) coating solution is 20-40 weight%. The electrolyte is thionyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The viscosity of Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene) coating solution is 800-5000 cps. The thickness of coating layer is 10-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: After pitch is dissolved in solvent (a), carbon black is mixed and amorphous carbon is manufactured. Preferred Composition: Pitch is chosen from coal-tar pitch and petroleum pitch. The carbon black is ketjen black and/or acetylene black. The weight ratio of pitch with respect to solvent (a) is 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (a) is N-methyl pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and/or quinone. The solvent (b) is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and/or ethyl methyl carbonate. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol and/or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking promoter is Lewis base selected from 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, 4-piperidino pyridine, 1-butylimidazole, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, 1,5-pentamethylene triazole, phenyl tetrazole, benzyloxyindole, 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane and/or hexamethylene tetramine, and Lewis acids selected from dibutyltin dilaurate, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, oxalic acid, ethoxyacetic acid and/or methoxyacetic acid. The stabilizer is Lewis acid selected from acetic acid, formic acid and/or trifluoroacetic acid, and Lewis bases selected from triethylamine, pyridine and/or N-methylpylene. Preferred Composition: The concentration of polyester polyol based on 100 weight parts of solid content of the cross-linking promoter is 0.001-5 weight parts. The concentration of stabilizer based on 100 weight parts of solid content of the cross-linking promoter is 10-1000 weight parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer contains polyvinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, perfluoro(alkylvinyl)ether or perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxazole). The copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate contains comonomer chosen from alkyl(meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene or isoprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer of fluorine-based resin is chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and/or fluorovinylidene. The alkylene compound is isobutylene and/or propylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-based resin is copolymer of hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether and alkylene compound. Preferred Property: The thickness of fluorine-based resin coating layer is 10-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is made of etylene vinyl acetate, polyvinylfloride or polyvinyl butyral sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Cathode: The cathode is aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The acceptor polymer is fullerene derivative chosen from (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate or (6,6)-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate. The polymer is poly((9,9-di(3,3'-trimethyl ammonium)propyl fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl))diiodide salt. Preferred Definitions:    HA=group chosen from groups of formulae (a)-(i);    Y'=S, O or -NR4R5 or -NR6R7;    R4-R7=R1;    Z=group of formula (j) or (k);    group of formula (l)=groups chosen from group of formula (m), (n), (o) or (p);and    R8-R12=R1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The anticorrosive acid and alkali resistant ceramic coating containing modified resin, ceramic powder, auxiliary agent and solvent is mixed at room temperature for spraying or brush coating, and cured for 20-30 hours. The nano-modified organic coating containing resin, nano powder, auxiliary agent and solvent is uniformly mixed, and sprayed or brushed at 0-300 degrees C for 15 minutes to 48 hours. Preferred Composition: The oil removing solution is mixed by sodium carbonate (in g/L) (10-30), trisodium phosphate (20-40), sodium silicate (5-15), OP-10 emulsifying agent (1-5) and remainder of water. The descaling liquid contains hydrofluoric acid (2-10), nitric acid (6-30), and remainder of water. The ceramic powder is alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, hexagonal boron nitride, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide or vanadium carbide. The nano powder is nano titanium powder, nano silicon dioxide, nano aluminum oxide, nano zinc-aluminum powder, and/or nano-carbon black. Preferred Properties: The ceramic powder has size of 200-500 meshes. The protective ceramic coating has thickness of 30-60 mu m. The thickness of organic coating is 10-25 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is xylene, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and/or propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified resin is acrylic acid-modified epoxy resin, acrylic acid-modified polyurethane resin, organic silicon-modified acrylic resin and/or polyurethane-modified epoxy resin. The resin is epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorocarbon resin and/or polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler (f1) is a mixture of calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide or silica. The inorganic filler (f2) is a mixture of montmorillonite, talc powder, calcium carbonate or titanium dioxide. The modified-auxiliary agent is a mixture of equal amounts of antioxidant and ultraviolet agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified-polymer resin (B) is a mixture of polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate. The modified-polymer resin (A) is a polar molecule, and carboxylic acid group or sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic organic molecule. Preferred Property: The thickness of fluorine-containing resin is 10-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The nanoparticles are chosen from layered clay mineral, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photostabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of nanoparticles and photostabilizer with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin is 0.05-1 part weight and 0.01-0.3 part weight, respectively. The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin has vinyl acetate content of 25-32 weight% and melt index of 6-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet is selected from a group, which contains a lower sheet of the polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, terephthalate, polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and the cyclic olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium source material is lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium chloride and/or lithium carbonate. The oxidizer is iron nitrate, ammonium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium source material is titanium-isopropoxide, titanium butoxide and/or titanium chloride. The solvent is distilled water, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary polymer is poly-vinylpyrrolidone, poly-acrylonitrile, poly-vinylidene fluoride, poly-styrene, poly-methyl methacrylate, poly-ethylene oxide and/or poly-vinyl acetate. The secondary polymer is poly-pyrrol, poly-aniline, poly-imide, poly-acrylonitrile, poly-vinylpyrrolidone and/or poly- vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode is made of lithium-type metal oxide chosen from lithium-cobalt dioxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium iron phosphate and lithium fluoride iron phosphate. The super capacitor has electrolyte comprising pyrrolidinium-based salt, lithium salt and carbonate solvent. The lithium salt is lithium fluorophosphates, lithium fluoroborate and lithium perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonate solvent is chosen from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate. The pyrrolidinium-based salt is chosen from butyl methyl pyrrolidinium, ethyl methyl pyrrolidinium and dimethyl pyrrolidinium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The protective cap is made of aluminum or plastic material. The sealing portion is made of resin-like silicone series or butyl series material. The filler is made of ethylene vinyl acetate material or poly vinyl butyral material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PVDF resin is copolymer of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or vinylidene fluoride comonomer. The comonomer is at least one chosen from vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole) and perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole). The polymethyl (meth)acrylate resin is copolymer of methyl(meth)acrylate homopolymer or methyl(meth)acrylate comonomer. The comonomer is at least one chosen from alkyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene and isoprene. The substrate is a metal film or at least polyester film chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive agent contains carbon black and graphite powder in the weight ratio of 1:10-1:1. The carbon black is pre-treated using titanic ester coupling agent or silane coupling agent. The active agent is zinc oxide or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluent is liquid paraffin or isopropyl alcohol. The vulcanizing agent is N,N'-dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine or ethylene diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment comprises a mixture of hollow carbon powder and carbon black, titanium pigment, nano silica, boron nitride or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluting agent is butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dimethyl isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and/or No. 200 diluent. The thixotropic agent is modified organic bentonite series.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant is anionic modified alkyd polymer or surfactant. The delusterant is acrylic acid modified copolymer or modified polysiloxane. The functional auxiliary agent includes adhesive, cooling agent, and defoaming agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Ethyl cellulose is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and pyridine at 20-40 degrees C, and bromoisobutylyl bromo-(2-Br) is added, reacted for 24-72 hours, deposited, filtered and dried, to obtain ethyl cellulose macromolecular initiator. The obtained macromolecular initiator is dissolved in toluene, catalyst, cuprous bromide and styrene monomer are added and reacted at 60-120 degrees C for 10-100, cooled after reaction mixture liquid peroxide is concentrated, condensed, deposited, separated and dried, to obtain graft polystyrene copolymer-based ethyl cellulose ordered mesoporous material. The mass ratio of ethyl cellulose and bromoisobutylyl bromide is 10-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The monohydric alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic composite material further contains processing auxiliary agent chosen from compatilizer, antioxidant, wear-resisting lubricant, ultraviolet light absorber, toner and masterbatch material. The content of compatilizer is 3 wt.%. The content of antioxidant is 1 wt.%. The content of wear-resisting lubricant is 0.5 wt.%. The content of ultraviolet light absorbent is 0.5 wt.%. The content of toner is 1 wt.%. The antioxidant is Irganox 1010 (RTM: antioxidant), Irganox 1076 (RTM: antioxidant), Tinuvin 622 (RTM: antioxidant) or Irgafos 168 (RTM: antioxidant). The lubricant is polytetrafluoroethylene super-fine powder, sulfide, zinc stearate, calcium stearate and/or long chain organic silicone oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The long fiber content is 32-75 wt.%. The thermoplastic resin is polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane elastomer, acrylonitrile styrene copolymer, acrylic acid-styrene-acrylonitrile and/or modified polypropylene. The compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted to polypropylene, or ethylene-propylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is gas phase white carbon black, organic bentonite, diatomite, methyl cellulose and/or glutin. Preferred Properties: The specific surface area of gas phase white carbon black is 50-250 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of thickening agent is 0.8-37 wt.% with respect to total amount of tert-monomer. The tert-monomer is acrylamide, methacrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate. The foaming agent is N,N-dimethyl carbamide, isopropyl alcohol or isobutyl alcohol. The crosslinking agent is allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, magnesium oxide or dimethacrylate. The nucleating agent is n-butyl methacrylate, N-methyl formamide or isobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The low shrinking agent is polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate. The curing agent is t-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) or TBPB with trim-butylphosphinoxide in weight ratio of 0.6-0.9:0.1-0.4. The release agent is zinc stearate or calcium stearate. The wetting dispersant is copolymer-containing acidic group. The coupling agent is reaction type coupling agent-containing styryl. Preferred Process: The method comprises dispersing vinyl resin, low shrinking agent, inorganic mineral filler, antioxidant, UV absorber, wetting dispersant, coupling agent, curing agent, thickening agent and release agent in high speed dispersion machine, dispersing resin paste by sheet machine, uniformly coating to nylon film, coating with resin paste nylon film carbon fiber in middle to form sandwich structure, passing sandwich structure through dipping area, reacting resin paste with carbon fiber, fully crushing kneading after cutting, putting in sheet drying room, and curing to set viscosity, high weather resistance and high strength SMC material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molecular sieve is A3 molecular sieve. The silica matting agent is gas phase silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flexible group is composed of polyisocyanate crosslinking agent, polyisocyanate crosslinking agent, or flexible base polyisocyanate crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The neutralizer is aqueous ammonia or AMP-95 (RTM: 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol containing 5% moisture). The dispersing agent is sodium polycarboxylate salt or polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt. The film-forming additive is Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate) or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The rheology modifier is hydrophobic modified polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive particles in the conductive adhesive are pure silver particles, silver coated polymer particles or silver coated metal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive diluent is butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, hydroxy(methyl)diacrylate, hydroxy propyl(methyl)acrylate, gycidyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofuran methyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, , N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, other diol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, dimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa acrylate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The photoinitiator is ( alpha )-hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl benzophenone, benzophenone, Irgacure 819 (RTM: bis-acyl-phosphine oxide), mixture of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone and 4-methyl benzophenone, isopropyl thioxanthone, 2-chloro-thioxanthone, chloro-4-propoxy thioxanthone or 2,4-diethyl thioxanthone, onium salt, metal organic compound, organic silane, xanthone phenyliodonium salt, fluorenone phenyliodonium salt, bis(4,4'-thioethertriphenylsulfonium) salt or phenylthiophenyldiphenylsulfonium salt. The processing agent contains leveling agent (0.2-1 wt.%), defoaming agent (0.2-0.5 wt.%), lubrication dispersant (0.8-2 wt.%) and adhesive force accelerating agent (0.8-3 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive is epoxy resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photosensitizer is 4-(methylamino)benzoic acid, alkanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylisopropanolamine, amino benzoic acid isooctyl ester, methyl benzoic acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The Lewis acid is boron trifluoride and/or zinc chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of Lewis acid with respect to polymer formation monomer is 1:1-1:2. The lithium salt is lithium methacrylate, lithium acrylate and/or lithium styrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles are silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate, and are contained in the ratio of 0.1-1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin porous film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate, or polymethylpentene. The polyphenylene sulfide porous film has porosity of 10% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide or nitrate salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dinitrile compound is 3-methoxy glutaronitrile, 3-ethoxy glutaronitrile, 3-dimethylamino glutaronitrile, thiomethoxy succinonitrile, or 2,2,2-trifluoromethoxyglutaronitrile. The dinitrile compound is contained in the ratio of 0.1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the whole electrolyte. The organic solvent contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, sigma -valerolactone or epsilon -caprolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide or nitrate salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mercapto silane compound is chosen from (3-mercapto propyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-mercapto propyl)triethoxy silane, (3-mercapto butyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-mercapto butyl)triethoxy silane, triphenoxy silane or trivinyloxysilane, and is contained in the ratio of 0.1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the whole electrolyte. The organic solvent contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, sigma -valerolactone or epsilon -caprolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare-earth ion is dysprosium. The matrix consists of yttrium trifluoride, sodium-yttrium tetrafluoride, potassium-yttrium fluoride (KY3F10), lutetium phosphate, and/or ytterbium phosphate. The nanoparticles have a core-shell structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are coated with polyacrylic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, polyallylamine and/or polyallylamine hydrochloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive metal particle contains silver, copper, gold, chrome, aluminum, tungsten, zinc, nickel, iron or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Product: The porous polyester film comprises (in wt.%): polyester resin (63.5-92), carbon nanotubes (0.01-1), inorganic particle (3-20), second resin (5-15) and whitening agent (0.01-0.5). Preferred Components: The carbon nanotubes are multi-layered nanotubes, where diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 0.5-100 nm, length of the carbon nanotubes is 0.01-100 mu m, and aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes is 100-100000. The average particle diameter of the inorganic particle is 0.1-0.8 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide nanoparticles have size of 10-40 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyvinyl chloride-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) copolymer having structural unit (I) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and the resulting mixture is mixed with hydrochloric acid and water to obtain template solution. Preferred Composition: The content of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is 90-110 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyvinyl chloride-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The M-salt is nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate, dihydrogen platinum hexachloride hexahydrate, palladium chloride dihydrate, and/or palladium nitrate dihydrate. The M-salt is 5-30 mmol/liter in the solvent. The solvent is water. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride. The pH value of the solution is adjusted to 13 by 1 mol/liter sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is ethylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, and ethanol. The reducing agent can be hydrazine hydrochloride solution or triethyl boron lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The stabilizing agent is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, octyl ammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol. It is 0.5-5 g/liter in the solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methane with an aldehyde compound of formula (R-CHO) in presence of anhydrous dichloromethane to obtain a disubstituted porphyrin derivative of formula (IV) and converting (IV) to (I) in presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium carbonate. Preferred Components: The specific requirements for producing the apparatus, comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) as an anode, C60 as a donor material, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) as a hole carrier material, (3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole injection material, (1-(3-carboxypropyl)-1phenyl-(6,6)-C60) (PCBM) as the donor material, and lithium fluoride/aluminum as a cathode. Preferred Method: The (IV) is prepared by (i) adding anhydrous dichloromethane, (II) and (III) to a reaction container, then reacting the mixture for 24 hours under room temperature; (ii) adding 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and refluxing for 1 hour, performing vacuum drying for removing the solvent, and purifying the product by column chromatography to obtain the product. The (I) is prepared by adding dimethylformamide (DMF) and potassium carbonate and salt with a corresponding divalent metal ion to the reaction container, and reacting by heating for several hours, then purifying the product by column chromatography and obtaining 5-15 disubstituted porphyrin metal complexes. The method further comprises taking (I) and (III) as an organic semiconductor layer of a polycrystal film or crystal mode, to prepare an organic field effect transistor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, normal butanol, isobutanol, 1,4-butanediol and hexyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The alcohol-soluble resin is chosen from thermoplastic phenolic resin, rosin-modified alkyd resin, urea resin, butyral resin and alcohol-soluble polyacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed layer is mixed light active layer obtained by mixing copper phthalocyanine or zinc phthalocyanine. The electron acceptor material is fullerene derivative (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PCBM). The electron donor material is fullerene (C60). Preferred Properties: The total thickness of anode buffer layer and hole transport layer is 100-450 Angstrom . The thickness of mixed layer, electron transport layer and cathode buffer layer is 200-1000 Angstrom , 50-300 Angstrom and 50-150 Angstrom , respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: A gelation agent chosen from citric acid, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylbutyral is used in the manufacturing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polymerizable monomer is benzophenone, benzotriazole or triazine type compound, preferably of formula (I), (II) or (III).M=group of formula (i) or (ii);R1,R2=H, 1-8C linear alkyl or alkoxy;R=H or methyl;andR12-R14=H, hydroxy, 1-18C alkyl or alkoxy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a vinyl acetate content of 25-32 wt.% and a melt index of 6-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under 2.16 kg load. The usage amount of monomer is 0.01-0.5 part weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hypophosphite, or sodium hexametaphosphate. The nickel compound is nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel acetyl acetonate, nickel halide, nickel carbonate, nickel cyclohexyl butyrate, nickel nitrate, nickel oxalate, nickel stearate or nickel octanoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pH of the mixed solution is adjusted using pH modifier chosen from citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, their sodium salt and potassium salt. The high boiling alcohol is 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, decanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: A surface tension lowering compound chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and polyalkylene alkyl ether is added during the process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The metal nanoparticles have particle size of is 100 nm or less, and purity of 99.5% or more. Preferred Composition: The metal is gold, platinum or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 1-50 g/10 minutes. Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymethylmethacrylate has a flow index of 8-18 at 230 degrees C under 3.8 kg load, and a weight average molecular weight of 60000-120000, preferably 80000-95000. Preferred Composition: The vinyl aromatic compound/vinyl cyanide copolymer is an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer having an acrylonitrile content of 25% or less. The butadiene group rubber is a mixture of large-particle-size rubber and small-particle-size rubber (50-70).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phthalocyanine dye is tetraamino phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine or manganese phthalocyanine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar cell device further contains poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin)-poly(styrenesulfonate) buffer layer. Preferred Property: The doped active layer has thickness of 80-200 nm. The poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin)-poly(styrenesulfonate) buffer layer has thickness of 20-80 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is inorganic alkali. The inorganic alkali is cesium fluoride, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or silver carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The palladium catalyst is palladium(II) acetate, palladium acetate o-tolyl phosphine, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) , or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. The ligand is triphenylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(o-tolyl)phosphine, or tris(m-tolyl)phosphine. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, or chlorobenzene. Preferred Method: The method further comprises subjecting the mixed reactant to post-treatment, subjecting the treated product to methanol precipitation and Soxhlet extraction to obtain the target product, where the post-treatment comprises extracting, washing, drying and decompressing to remove the solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate used for forming film electrode is conductive glass fluorine-doped tin oxide, metal tungsten, metal aluminum, and/or tungstic oxide sintered electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, or deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose, PTFE, and/or cellulose. The content of binder is preferably 2.5-5 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises (in mole%) bismuth oxide (1-40), boron oxide (1-50), zinc oxide (0-70), silicon dioxide (0.1-45), aluminum oxide, and alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide. The composition comprises (in wt.%) aluminum powder (65-75), glass frit (0.01-5), organic vehicle (20-34.9), polymer resin (1-25) and organic solvent (75-99).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic silicon is vinyl chloride silane. The chlorine silane is at least one of vinyl chloride diphenylchlorosilane, vinyl chloride phenyldichlorosilane or vinyl chloride trichlorosilane. The weight ratio of styrene, methacrylate and organic silicon is 10:8:7. The organic acid is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The emulsifying agent is at least one of nonyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene amide, polyether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or oxycodone-10. The trialkylamine is trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, isobutyl amine, triamylamine, heptyl amine, octylamine or nonyl amine. The preparation comprises mixing vinyl monomer, organic solvent, initiator and emulsifier comprising adding vinyl monomer into the organic solvent to obtain a solution, evocating agent into the organic solvent to obtain the second solution, where the total wt.% of first part and the second vinyl monomer and the vinyl monomer is 10-40%. The pH is adjusted to 5-7 by adding organic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The class II/III mineral oil is 100 N, 150 N, 400 N or 600 N. The polyolefin compound is at least one chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyoctene and polydecene. The dicarboxylic acid ester is at least one chosen from 5-15C dicarboxylic acid ester, neopentyl dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl pimelate, dioctyl azelate and diisooctyl sebacate. The alkyl naphthalene is 2,6-dialkyl naphthalene. The sulfur-containing extreme pressure antiwear additive is at least one chosen from sulfurized olefin cotton oil, sulfurized isobutylene and benzyl disulfide. The phosphorus-containing antiwear additive is at least one chosen from tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and dibutyl phosphate. The antioxidant is at least one chosen from dihydroquinoline or its derivative, 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, bis(3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)thioether, sulfo-dipropionic acid diester, di-dodecanol ester, ditetradecyl alkyl alcohol ester and di-octadecyl alcohol ester. The dispersing agent is at least one chosen from petroleum sulfonate, alkylphenol, salicylate, succinimide and succinate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction derivative is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and/or pyridinium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetra hydrofuran and/or 3-methoxypropionitrile. The additive is t-butyl pyridine or 2-dimethylamino pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises (a) adding 2,3-dione-5,10,15,20-tetra-aryl porphyrin and 3, 6-dibromobenzene-1, 2-diamine in an equimolar amount into mixed solution of methylene chloride and glacial acetic acid, reacting for 12-24 hours, distilling the mixture to remove solvent and then subjecting to column chromatography to obtain 3,4-dibromo-5,10,15,20-tetra aryl quinoxaline morpholine and (2,3-b) porphyrin and (b) dissolving obtained product in chlorobenzene, adding donor unit and bridge unit in a mole ratio of 1:2 to the obtained product, filling inert gas for 10-20 minutes, adding palladium catalyst and inert gas for 10 minutes at 20 degrees C, reacting for 24-72 hours under the protection of inert gas, adding methanol to the obtained mixture and then filtering the mixture using Soxhlet extractor with methanol, normal hexane or chloroform to obtain precipitate, washing the precipitate, collecting chloroform, depositing, and filtering to obtain target polymer. Preferred Definitions:    B1 = thiophen-2,5-yl, (2,2')bithiophen-5,5'-yl, (2,2',5',2'')terthiophen-5,5''-yl, furan-2,5-yl, (2,2')bifuran-5,5'-yl or (2,2',5',2'')terfuran-5,5''-yl;    D = cyclopentane containing groups of formulae (i)-(xi); and    R1-R4 = H, 1-20C alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl phenyl or alkoxy phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The rough layer is made of metal oxide such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and titanium oxide. The impurities doped in the metal oxide are fluorine, tin, aluminum, iron, gallium and niobium. The buffer layer is made of conducting polymer material such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and polysulfur nitride. The photoelectric layer is made of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon-germanium and micro crystal silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The zinc sheet has thickness of 70-400 mu m. The nickel mesh or nickel foam has pore size of 200-500 mu m. Preferred Composition: The carbon black is acetylene black or activated charcoal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (a) is organic binder. The weight ratio of zinc with respect to organic binder is 40:60-80:20. The solvent (b) is isopropyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is tetrafluorosilane polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 10-30 g/10 minutes, vinyl acetate content of 15-35 wt.% and molecular weight distribution of 3-5, and weight average molecular weight of 65000-95000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous metal oxide nanofiber comprises metal oxide chosen from tin oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum trioxide, manganese dioxide, tungsten trioxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, zinc stannate, cobalt tin oxide, calcium stannate, calcium stannate perovskite, zinc cobalt oxide, cobalt stannate, magnesium stannate, manganous stannate, copper vanadium oxide, sodium manganate, sodium iron oxide, lithium titanium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium nickel oxide (LiNi-yCoyO2), lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel maganese oxide (Li (Ni1/2Mn1/2)O2), lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium nickel phosphate, lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium aluminum oxide (LiAl(0.05)Co(0.85)Ni(0.15)O2), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNi1-xCoxO2), (LiNi1-xTix/2Mgx/2O)2, platinum-ruthenium oxide, nickel yttrium oxide (Ni-Y(0.08)Zr(0.92)O2), platinum yttrium oxide (Pt-Y(0.08)Zr(0.92)O2, Y(0.08)Zr(0.92)O2), La1-xSrxCoO3, where x, y are 0.1 or 0.9, La(0.8)Sr(0.2)Fe(0.8)Co(0.2)O3, La1-xSrxMnO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes solvent comprising water, ethanol, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrolidone, dimethylacetamide, toluene, benzene, hexane, pentane and chloroform, and carbon nano particle is carbon black, acetyleneblack, and denka black and ketjen black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises heating and reacting intermediate A of benzopyrrole diketone not substituted by alkyl in organic solvent; introducing flexible alkyl side chain to obtain alkyl substituted phenyl and pyrrole two ketone monomer, copolymerizing monomers M of alkyl-substituted benzene and pyrrole diketone with dimethyl tin conjugated monomer D in anhydrous organic solvent, and performing Soxhlet extraction to obtain semi-conductive polymer. Preferred Components: The structural formula of intermediate A is of formula (II), and monomer M is of formula (III). The polar organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone; and the inorganic alkali is tert-butyl alcohol potassium. The methyl tin conjugated monomer D is of formula (IV). The solvent used for Soxhlet extraction is methanol, n-hexane and chloroform.R'1, R'2=8-20C alkyl.Preferred Process: The method comprises taking intermediate A with polar organic solvent as medium and inorganic alkali as catalyst, heating for 4-48 hours at 50-100 degrees C, using dichloromethane and petroleum ether on weight ratio of 1:0.05-1:20 as eluent to obtain monomer. The reaction time of copolymer is 6-48 hours, and reaction temperature is 80-120 degrees C; and the anhydrous organic solvent is anhydrous toluene, anhydrous chlorobenzene or tetrahydrofuran. The (I) is blended with PC71BM as semi-conducting organic layer in organic photovoltaic device test.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) or (II) comprises:(A) preparing imidazole or piperidine derivative to imidazole or piperidine with bromine C, at a mole ratio of 1:1-1:2, adding 2.5-4 times anhydrous methanol or piperidine molar weight, adding 1-2 metal sodium or piperidine molar weight, and stirring at 70 degrees C for 10-24 hours;(B) preparing an ionic liquid modified polyacetylene by reacting and mixing with solvent comprising methanol, chloroform, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or ethanol, and with a halogenated alkane, at 0-70 degrees C for 12-72 hours; and(C) reacting with water, acetonitrile, methanol, or ethanol; adding tromethamine with equal mole amount corresponding to inorganic salt including ammonium hexafluorophosphate or ammonium hexaborophosphate, at 80 degrees C for 12-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transmissive viscous matrix comprises a transmissive viscous liquid, preferably transmissive silicone, or transmissive gel or paste. The luminescent material comprises oxide doped with cerium, ytterbium, neodymium and/or chromium, or nitride, preferably oxy-nitride material doped with europium, manganese and/or cerium, and quantum dots.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-reflective material is molybdenum. The conductive layer is indium-tin oxide thin film, aluminum-zinc oxide thin film, gallium-zinc oxide thin film, or indium-zinc oxide thin film. The contact electrode layer contains aluminum, nickel, and/or their alloy. A buffer layer is provided between the light-absorption layer and conductive layer. The buffer layer contains cadmium sulfide thin film or indium selenide thin film. A transparent oxide layer is provided between the light-absorption layer and transparent conductive layer. The transparent oxide layer is zinc oxide thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is silicon wafer, glass, acrylic material, rigid polymeric substrate, and/or flexible polymeric substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cavity transmission layer comprises PEDOT:PSS and isopropanol at a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal cation is alkali-metal ion, e.g. lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion or cesium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water soluble group is sulfonic, carboxyl or phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion of the carboxylic acid metal base is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, barium ion, nickel ion, copper ion or zinc ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin unit (I) is chosen from methyl norbornane carboxylate, ethyl norbornane carboxylate, n-propyl norbornane carboxylate, iso-propyl norbornane carboxylate, n-butyl norbornane carboxylate, t-butyl norbornane carboxylate, acid n-pentyl norbornane carboxylate, n-hexyl norbornane carboxylate, cyclohexyl norbornane carboxylate, n-heptyl norbornane carboxylate, 1,4-dimethylpentyl norbornane carboxylate, n-octyl norbornane carboxylate, 2-ethylhexyl norbornane carboxylate, myristyl norbornane carboxylate and stearyl norbornane carboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin-based copolymer further has an olefin unit of formula (III) containing carboxylic acid metal base. The cyclic olefin-based copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-1000000. The content of carboxylic acid metal base contained with respect to 100 wt.% of cyclic olefin-based copolymer is 0.05-40 wt.%.x=alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or transition metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rutile-type titania is 0.1-10 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of hydrolysis inhibitor is 0.01-0.5 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The inherent viscosity of the white polyester film is 0.6-0.8 dl/g. Preferred Composition: The hydrolysis inhibitor is copolymer of acrylate type monomer, acrylate monomer and styrene monomer. The white polyester film further comprises ultraviolet-absorbing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The direct methanol fuel cell system consists of platinum-based catalyst selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-metal alloy. The metal is selected from gallium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, tin, molybdenum, tungsten or rhodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas is nitrogen gas, argon and/or helium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The microwave treatment is done at 800-2000 degrees C and a microwave power of 3-5 kW for 10 seconds to 2 minutes in the presence of nitrogen gas controlled at a flow rate of 100-300 ml/minute. The thermal expansion treatment is done at ultrasonic frequency of 3-30 KHz and ultrasonic power of 200-700 W for 5 minutes to 2 hours. The heating while stirring is done at 30-60 degrees C and stirring speed of 150-300 rpm for 5 minutes to 2 hours. The hydrothermal treatment is done at 110-180 degrees C for 8-30 hours. Preferred Components: The surface active agent A or surface active agent A is cationic surface active agent, anion surface active agent, surface non-ionic active agent and/or ampholytic surface active agent. The cationic surface active agent is cetyl triethylammonium bromide, ammonium bromide, cetyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, octyl ammonium chloride, dodecanol polyoxyethylene ether or methyl ammonium chloride. The anion surface active agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cetyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt or octadecyl sodium sulfate. The surface non-ionic active agent is polyethylene, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, propylene glycol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, ammonium polyurethane, and/or polyoxypropylene. The ampholytic surface active agent is of formula EO20PO70EO106PO70EO106, dimethyl dodecyl amine oxide, ethylol amine oxide, tetradecyl the ethylol amine oxide or ethylol amine oxide. The hydroxy derivative is furfuryl alcohol, phenol, benzene, cresol catechol, benzylphenol, trihydroxy benzenesulfonic acid, or anthrol. The aldehyde group compound is aldehyde, 4-hydroxy formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexanal, enanthaldehyde, caprylic aldehyde, nonanal or decyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon compound is one or more of 11 compounds, e.g. of formula (III), (IV) and (V). The polyfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon hetero aromatic ring is one or more 12 compounds e.g. formula (VI), (VII) and (VIII). Mole ratio of polyfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon and derivatives, palladium salt, silver salt, heteroaromatic ring compound, Bronsted acid and oxygen is: 1-3: 0.05-0.1:0.05-0.5: 1-3.0:0-0.6:1-48. Organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethy-3,4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone, or N,N-dimethylacetamide. Bronsted acid is acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, diamond acid, pivalic acid or benzoic acid. The copolymer is or more of 32 compounds e.g. of formula (IX), (X) and (XI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic solar cell further comprises an electron-transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye comprises carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, or phosphate group, and is chosen from 27 compounds e.g. (9'S)-8,8-diisothiocyanato-7,7',9,9'-tetraaza-8-ruthena-8,8'-spirobi(tricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)tridecan)-1(13),1'(13'),2,2',4,4',6,6',9,11,11'-undecaene-4,4',12,12'-tetracarboxylic acid, (9'S)-8,8-diisothiocyanato-4,12-dimethyl-7,7',9,9'-tetraaza-8-ruthena-8,8'-spirobi(tricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)tridecan)-1(13),1'(13'),2,2',4,4',6,6',9,11,11'-undecaene-4',12'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1-diisothiocyanato-5,10,15-trimethyl-2-aza-18,19-diaza-1-ruthenapentacyclo(10.6.1.02,7.08,19.013,18)nonadeca-2,4,6,8(19),9,11,13(18),14,16-nonaene-tertiary butyl alcohol, (2E,4E)-2-cyano-7,7-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoic acid and (9'S)-8,8-diisothiocyanato-4,4'-dimethyl-7,7',9,9'-tetraaza-8-ruthena-8,8'-spirobi(tricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)tridecan)-1(13),1'(13'),2,2',4,4',6,6',9,11,11'-undecaene-12,12'-dicarboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dye-adsorbed polymer layer comprises dye and conductive polymer. The conductive polymer is chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- poly(styrenesulfonate) having unshared electron, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-polyglycol(glycerol), polyaniline-poly(4-styrene sulfonate) and polyaniline-camphor sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: In the organic semiconductor material containing fluorene, anthracene and benzodithiophene units, the value area of m is that m is an integer of not less than 6 and not more than 23; R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched chain 1-40C alkyl and linear or branched chain 1-18C alkoxy; and R 3is 6-12C alkyl. Preferred Method: In preparing the organic semiconductor material, the first solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The molar weight of the catalyst is 0.05-20% of the molar weight of the compound (F); and the catalyst is organic palladium or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh 3) 4), palladium acetate (Pd(OAc 2), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd 2(dba) 3) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh 3) 2Cl 2); and the organic phosphorus ligand is tricyclohexyl phosphine or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-Tol) 3). The alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, sodium carbonate (Na 2CO 3) aqueous solution, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) aqueous solution or tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution. The second solvent is at least one of toluene, glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The prepared microconjugated polymer carrier catalytic polymerization catalyst is palladium (II)/copper (I). The palladium (II) is bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium (II) chloride, palladium (II) or triphenyl phosphine palladium (II). The copper (I) is cuprous iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The prepared lithium ion free base salt of organic substance is naphthalene, anthracene or pyrene. The lithium ion of the free organic solution of the organic solvent is prepared from tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lithium ion doping method includes stirring free base salt of lithium ion of organic solution and microconjugated polymer in an inert atmosphere, decompressing and removing the solvent by filtering at 100-120 degrees C. The microporous conjugated polymer is palladium (II)/copper (I), ethynyl monomer, palladium (II), and copper (I) in a mol ratio of 4:3:3, when the monomer is 1,3,5-acetylene triethyl benzene, catalytic agent are di(triphenyl phosphine) palladium (II) chloride and cuprous iodide (I) at a weight ratio of 900 mg:127.5 mg:33 mg, the used solvent is triethylamine toluene solution in a volume ratio of triethylamine to toluene of 1:1, and the reaction is carried out at 70 degrees C for 6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 6,6'-Dibromo-1,3,1',3'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyl-2,2'-dione compound of formula (1) and 2,7-bis-(4,4,5-trimethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole compound of formula (2) are subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of organometallic catalyst and organic solvent in anaerobic condition to obtain the copolymer. Preferred Condition: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-110 degrees C for 48-96 hours. The mol ratio of the catalyst to the compound (2) is 0.05-50%. Preferred Compound: The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst, or mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphorus ligand, preferably tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, bis(triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The organic solvent used in the process is benzene, chlorobenzene or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The battery has electrolyte provided between two electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains mixed solution including lithium hexafluorophosphate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base material layer is formed from silicone group resin or butyl group resin. The protective layer is formed with the fluorine-based resin and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polydialkylsiloxane (PDAS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass powder is lead-free phosphate sealing glass powder comprising 30-50 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 20-40 wt.% alumina, 0-10 wt.% inorganic oxide (ZO2, where Z is silicon, titanium or zirconium), 10-30 wt.% inorganic oxide (R2O, where R is lithium, sodium or potassium) and 2-10 wt.% inorganic oxide (MO, where magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium or zinc).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal conductive powder is composed of titanium and nickel, and has particle diameter of 500 nm to 10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is terpineol, acetylacetone, ether or phthalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic resin is ethyl cellulose or cellulose acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises taking and dissolving zirconium and 16 alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in sufficient amount of deionized water to make the mol ratio of 16 alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and zirconium be 1:5 to 1:3 , putting in stainless steel lining PTFE reaction kettle, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, aging for 12-72 hours at 80-120 degrees C, filtering to obtain white precipitate and drying for 6 hours at 100 degrees C, the dry powder in a concentration of 0. Where I to phosphoric acid solution with the concentration of 2 mol/L and refluxing for 2-12 hours, then carrying out filtering, at 100 degrees C for 12 hours in air atmosphere and at 500 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain ordered mesoporous ZrO2. The method also comprises dissolving palladium nitrate in deionized water, adding ordered mesoporous ZrO2 powder in the solution, slowly stirring, lower dripping the ammonia water to pH value of 9, continuously stirring for 12 hours at room temperature, filtering at 100 degrees C for 3 hours, finally drying under the protection of hydrogen atmosphere and at 280 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain Pd load at 0.1-3%. The oxygen-free condition is to maintain the reaction system in an inert oxygen-free protective gas environment. The high temperature pyrolysis gas is 5000-2000 in volume space velocity in the reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is lignocellulose biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active substance(s) is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide, lithium iron phosphate, graphite, lithium titanate, hard carbon and/or silicon and its alloy. The conductive agent is carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and/or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic ester and/or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, barium titanate, zirconium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium silver iodide (LiAgI5), lithium magnesium silicate (Li4-xMgxSiO4), lithium calcium silicate (Li4-xCaxSi4). The lithium salt is lithium borate, lithium diisopropylamine, lithium isopropoxide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium triflate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion battery solid electrolyte further utilizes copolymer that is chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene, PVC, ether, polysiloxane, polyethylene acetylene ether and polyethylene imine. The lithium ion battery solid electrolyte further utilizes plasticizer that is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles are chosen from calcium carbonate, talc, clay, kaolin, silica, diatomite, magnesium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, zinc oxide, magnesium hydroxide, titanium oxide, alumina, mica, asbestos, zeolite, clay silicate, barium titanate, and glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The cyclic olefin resin is chosen from norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 5-butyl-2-norbornene, 5-methyl-2-norbornene, 5-hexyl-2-norbornene, 5-dimethylmetoxy norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, cyclopentadiene or their derivative. The cyclic olefin copolymer comprises cyclic olefin unit and polar functional group-containing olefin unit. The content of polar functional group in cyclic olefin resin is 0.001-10 weight%. The glass transition temperature of cyclic olefin resin is 200-450 degrees C. The substrate is formed using cyclic olefin resin composition containing crosslinking agent (0.001-20 parts weight) with respect to total of 100 parts weight. The crosslinking agent is chosen from N-methyl-N-4-dinitrosoaniline, nitrosobenzene, diphenylguanidine, trimethylol propane-N,N'-m-phenylenedimaleimide, divinylbenzene, triallylcyanoacrylate, allylcyanoacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycoldimethacrylate, multifunctional methacrylate monomer, multifunctional vinyl monomer, and methacrylate. The cyclic olefin resin contains acrylate group, methacrylate group, vinyl group, or allyl group, preferably acrylate group or methacrylate group, in amount of 0.001-20 weight%. The resin composition further contains inorganic particles (0.001-20 parts weight). The flexible substrate has low coefficient of thermal expansion. The thickness of cyclic olefin resin film is 10-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lead-bearing material comprises waste lead-acid cell lead paste, purified lead, lead powder, and/or other lead-bearing compound. Preferred Method: The decomposition step comprises performing heating at less than 1000 degrees C, electromagnetic wave irradiating, or applying microwave or ultrasonic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The material able to be decomposed and generate CO2 comprises carbamide and sodium bicarbonate. The organic acid or its salt except reactant A and the organic compound comprise citric acid, polyacrylic acid, methanoic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, propane diacid, lactic acid, maleic acid, edetic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, aminoacetic acid, alanine, tryptophan, L-glutamic acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, or benzotriazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic tin catalyst is stannous octoate and dibutyltin dilaurate. The diisocyanate is 4,4-diphenyl methane isocyanate and ketone isophorone diisocyanate. The molar ratio of polyol and diisocyanate is 2.8-3.2. The content of catalyst used in polyisocyanate prepolymer is 0.01-0.1 wt.%. Preferred Process: The polyisocyanate prepolymer is obtained by reacting raw material in an oil bath at 75-85 degrees C for 2.5-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, discharging, obtaining solid content of bi-acid bi-ester solution (69-71 wt.%), sealing and storing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyacid is benzene formic acid and/or methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) formic acid. The polyol is chosen from biglycol, 2-propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane and trimethylolpropane bi-alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium source is chosen from tetrabutyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride, and titanium ethoxide. The molar ratio of poly(ethylene oxide)-bromine-based macroinitiator (PEO-Br), cuprous bromide or cuprous chloride as catalyst, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as catalyst ligand, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, used in preparation of nano-titanium dioxide hollow sphere is 1:1:(1-5):(15-150). Preferred Properties: The degradation rate of organic-inorganic hybrid nano-titanium dioxide hollow sphere is 90% in one hour. The particle diameter of polymer vesicles and organic-inorganic hybrid nano-titanium dioxide hollow sphere is each 100-150 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (A) is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, methylene dichloride, dimethyl formamide, chloroform, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The solvent (B) is chosen from water, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanetriol, and butanol. The solvent (C) is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, propanetriol, and butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of styrene and PEO-Br used in preparation of PEO-b-PDMA-b-PS tri-block polymer is (20-200):1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The titanium dioxide/soil engineering cloth supported photocatalyst is prepared by dropping ammonia water in the distilled water to adjust the pH value to 6-12, adding tetrabutyl titanate under the magnetic force stirring, stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely dissolved to produce white precipitate, adding hydrogen peroxide with mass concentration of 30%, stirring the mixture for 30-180 minutes to obtain yellow peroxide titanate sol-gel, cleaning and drying soil engineering cloth and then adding with peroxide titanate sol-gel under the ultrasonic oscillation at 30 degrees C for 5 hours, sealing and heating the mixture at 30-95?OC, maintaining the temperature for 6-36 hours, introducing the processed soil engineering cloth into the air for 3-7 days and then washing, where the mole ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, distilled water and hydrogen peroxide is 1:30-151:12.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cracking precursor is chosen from acrylic resin, polycarbonate, phenolic resin, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amphoteric ionic liquid electrolyte material further comprises amphoteric ionic liquid electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a high dielectric constant solvent, organic solvent of low boiling point and/or the compound (I) as ion liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal oxide is manganese dioxide or nickel oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte layers contain liquid electrolyte, which is selected from any one or mixture of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl triethyl tetra-fluorine ammonium and tetraethyl tetra-fluorine ammonium borate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The composite electro-catalyst material has grain diameter of 50-500 nm. Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide is magnet, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide and/or vanadium oxide. The transition metal oxide powder is nitrogen-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing compound is urea, melamine, ammonium nitrate, amine, aniline, polyvinyl cyanide, amide and/or cyanuric acid. The dispersion medium is water, methanol, acetone, chloroform, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and/or n-propyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The iron-lithium phosphate particles have olivine structure and primary particle diameter of 3-15 microns. The thickness of carbon layer is 5-50 nm. Carbon nanotube has outer diameter of 2-50 nm, inner diameter of 1-20 nm and length of 10 nm. Preferred Composition: The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, lithium oxalate or lithium acetate. The iron source is ferric oxide, iron phosphate, ferrous phosphate, ferrous oxalate or ferrous sulfate. The phosphorus source is phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate or ammonium phosphate. The composite material is produced using catalyst precursor chosen from oxide, hydroxide, oxide, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, oxalate and fatty acid salt of iron, nickel, molybdenum and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite material is produced using dispersant chosen from absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone and isopropanol, neutral solvent chosen from liquid paraffin, methanol, ethanol, glycol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, acetone, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl-containing material is selected from isoquinolin-3-ol, 7,11b-dihydro-indeno(2,1-c)chromene-3,4,6a,9,10-pentaol, isoquinolin-6-ol and benzene-1,4-diol. The compounds based on maleimide comprise double maleimide amine, double maleimide and/or maleimide copolymer. The battery further comprises a device for packaging the anode, the cathode, the diaphragm and the structure of the electrolyte solution. The hydroxyl-containing material is non-aromatic substance of formulae -(H-O-H), (OH-P(=O)(OH)-CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-P(OH)(=O)-OH), (OH-P(=O)(OH)-CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-C(=O)-OH), or (OH-(CH2)3-CC-Si-(CH3)3). The additive further comprises hydroxyl-containing material having molecular weight of less than 1000. Preferred Method: The method involves adding the electrolyte solution in the accommodating region, and carrying out the battery core pole roll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron source is ferrous acetate, ferrous oxalate or ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The acid source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate or phosphoric acid. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide monohydrate, lithium carbonate or lithium nitrate. The reducing agent is ascorbic acid, citric acid, alkali metal or carbonic acid. The inert gas is helium, nitrogen, argon gas and/or neon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixed solvent is ethanol, glycol, isopropanol or de-ionized water. The surface active agent is polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, fatty acid glyceride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, quaternary ammonium compound or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble sugar is alpha -, beta - and gamma -cyclodextrin, acid chitosan, soluble starch, glycogen, fructose, maltose, and sucrose. Mass ratio of the soluble sugar to the graphene oxide is 1: 20-5: 1. Preferred Method: The hydrothermal treatment is carried out at 100-200 degrees C for 6-72 hours. The drying method is a lyophilizing method. During the drying process, the pressure in the lyophilizer is 0.5-0.37 mba, and the drying time is 15-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is made of glass or quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copper selenide, indium diselenide, gallium diselenide and selenium elemental powder has particle size of less than 1 mu m. The copper selenide is copper (II) selenide or copper (I) selenide. The indium selenide is indium selenide (In2Se3). The gallium diselenide is gallium diselenide (Ga2Se3). The substrate can be made of silicon chip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The substrate can also be made of stainless steel. Preferred Method: The method comprises forming 2-20 layers of coating, and drying via inert gas impact hot air drying and radiation drying at 30-300 degrees C for 3 minutes to 10 hours; or drying via hot inert gas at 50-300 degrees C for 3 minutes to 10 hours, and annealing at 100-850 degrees C for 3minutes to 10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The strong reducing solvent is hydroxylamine, hydrazine, or mixture of methyl sulfoxide. The surfactant is tetrahydrofuran, n-octyl sulfosuccinate, fatty acyl amino acids, and/or Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate can be made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises (wt.%) micron silver powder (25-34), epoxy resin (7-11.2), curing agent (42-50), solvent (3-4), accelerating agent (7-9), toughening agent (0.8-0.9), and additive (1.5-2). The silver nanowire is single crystal silver nanowire with length of 20-200 mu m, diameter of 20-100 nm, volume resistivity of 0.3x 105-0.35x 105 S/cm. The micron silver powder has sheet shape or spherical shape, diameter or particle size of 1-8 mu m, and specific surface area of 0.9-1.0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is phenyl sulfone, dicyandiamide, organic acid hydrazide and/or mixed alcohol-amine. The solvent is alcohol, acetone, formic acid, phthalic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylethylene or cyclohexanone. The accelerator is organic compound, and/or imidazole. The toughening agent is organic silicone resin, polysulfone resin, polyether and/or polyurethane. The additive includes antifoaming agent, coupling agent, thixotropic agent, anti-aging agent, delusterant and dispersing agent at a weight ratio of 0.5-1.5: 1-3: 2-3: 0.1-0.5: 0.2-0.8: 0.5-1.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin is E-51 epoxy resin, bisphenol epoxy resin, modified epoxy resin, phenolic epoxy resin or modified phenolic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The molar ratio of copper(I) chloride, zinc chloride, tin chloride, and elemental sulfur is 2:1:1:4. The ratio of total volume of alcohol and ethylene diamine with respect to nanocrystal is 10-30 mL:1 mmol. After introduction of nitrogen, heating is carried out at 80 degrees C. Liquid tin chloride is injected into the container, heated at 120-140 degrees C for 1 hour, and metal salt-ethylene diamine complex is obtained. Tin chloride is solid containing crystal water. The complex is heated to 200-220 degrees C at 2.5 degrees C/minute and reacted for 30-60 minutes, air-cooled to less than 80 degrees C, uniformly mixed with ethanol, and centrifugally separated at 6000-8000 rpm. The upper portion of alcohol solvent is recycled. The precipitate is added with ethanol, mixed uniformly, and centrifuged, and the process is repeated 2-3 times to obtain the final nanocrystals. The molar ratio of ethanol and nanocrystalline precipitate is 10-30 mL:1 mmol. The precipitate is vacuum-dried at 80-120 degrees C for 6-12 hours. The container is three-necked glass flask. Stirring is carried out magnetically, and heating is carried out using electric heating sleeve. The nanocrystal phase is pure-phase zinc custerite and the nanoparticles have a size of 5-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of ethylene diamine is 2.5-7.5% of the total volume of alcohol and ethylene diamine. The alcohol is glycerol, mixture of glycerol and ethylene glycol, mixture of glycerol and polyethylene glycol, and/or mixture of glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The post-processing comprises processing thickness information feedback to push-pull bolt die head so as to automatically adjust the positive glue film thickness on composite paper; and cutting the side cutter corners of EVA glue film and winding the EVA glue film through harvest drum back traction flattening. Preferred Components: The auxiliary agent further comprises antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, UV light absorber, and heat stabilizer. The peroxide crosslinking agent is peroxide benzoic acid tert. butyl ester, 1,1'-(tert. butyl peroxide)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane, isopropyl benzene, tert. butyl peroxide isopropyl benzene, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate peroxide, bis(4-chlorobenzoyl)-peroxide, 2,5-methyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxy-2-hexyl carbonate, 4,4-bis(tert. butyl peroxide) valeric acid, 3,3-bis(tert. butyl peroxide) butyrate or o-tert. butyl-o-isopropyl-monoperoxide carbonate ester. The silicone coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyl-oxycarbide. The antioxidant comprises beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-t-butylphenyl)-propionic acid esters of n-octadecanol tris(2,4-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphite ester, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphorous acid ester, 2,2'-methyl-bis-(4-base -6-tertiary butyl phenol) and bistearyl pentaerythritol, orthophosphorous acid ester. The UV light absorbent is 2-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone or 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-tert-octyl-6-benzotriazole phenol). The hindered amine light stabilizer is (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminophenyl) sebacic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hexadecyl benzoic acid, N,N'-bis(1,2,2,6,6-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, morpholine-2 ,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-tristriazine or tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bracket box is made of hard plastic material. The fan is provided with blades that are made of soft plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The deposition substrate is soda-lime glass, conductive glass, stainless steel, cast iron sheet, titanium sheet or plastic sheet, where thickness of the deposition substrate is 0.2-5 mm. The carrier gas is helium gas, argon gas, or nitrogen gas. The sulfur source is hydrogen sulfide or elementary substance sulfur steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium carbonate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The iron compound is ferrous oxalate, iron sesquioxide and/or ferric phosphate. The phosphate compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The doped metal compound is magnesium hydroxide, manganese oxide or niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon black is Super P, Ensaco, acetylene black, glucose and/or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thixotropic agent is gas phase silicon dioxide. The filler is 1250 meshes of silica micro-powder and/or glass fiber powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is an organic compound containing two epoxy groups or organic compound containing at least two epoxy groups. The active diluting agent comprises 1,4-butanediol glycidyl ether and/or 1,6 diglycidyl ether. The catalyst comprises aminoethyl piperazidine and/or tri-(dimethylamino methyl)phenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The reactive diluent is double-functionality aliphatic glycidyl ether epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is difunctional epoxy bisphenol A and/or bisphenol F epoxy resin. The polyamide comprises 650 low-molecular polyamide, 651 low-molecular polyamide, Aradur125 (RTM: low molecular polyamide) and/or Aradur140 (RTM: low-molecular polyamide). The pre-polymer is a reactant with a weight ratio of polyether amine D230 and the epoxy resin E51 of 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material is lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, nickel-cobalt-manganese, nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium nickel magnesium oxide and/or lithium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone. The latent solvent is methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isophorone and/or cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of the sub-micron titanium dioxide, comprises (i) heating the aqueous solution containing titanium salt to hydrolyze at 50-80 degrees C for 4-8 hours, and (ii) reacting the colloidal solution at 130-200 degrees C for 20-35 hours. The mixing process in the preparation of the sub-micron scattering slurry is a ball milling process e.g. wet ball mill, which is carried out for 1-24 hours, where the ball milling agent is methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone, methyl acetate or benzene. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of alkaline substance to water in the aqueous solution of alkaline substance is 1:(1-100). The alkaline substance is ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and/or tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide. The titanium salt is titanium sulfate, tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride, titanium phosphate and/or ammonium fluotitanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar ratio of indium salt, sulfur source, and auxiliary ingredient 1:(4-16):(0.5-3). The indium salt is indium chloride, indium nitrate, or indium sulfate. The sulfur source is thiocarbamide, carbon disulfide, or compound or simple substance which thioacetamide releases sulfo ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol, or butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The auxiliary ingredient is soluble polymer comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone or Pluronic P123 (RTM: Triblock copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The difference of the refractive index of glass fabric to the refractive index of matrix resin is 0.01 or less. Preferred Component: The matrix resin has alicyclic epoxy resin of formula (I) as main component.X=-O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -C(CH3)2- or single bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic module further comprises an inorganic layer configured on the polypropylene layer. The inorganic layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polypropylene layer comprises double shaft distribution to the polypropylene layer. The polypropylene layer comprises expanded polypropylene layer. The polypropylene layer contacts the light-entering surface. The photovoltaic module further comprises a first hot melt adhesive layer disposed between the polypropylene layer and the solar battery. The first hot melt adhesive layer comprises propylene copolymer. The photovoltaic module further comprises a gas barrier layer configured on the polypropylene layer. The gas barrier layer comprises polyvinylidene chloride. The photovoltaic module further comprises oxygen barrier layer configured on the polypropylene layer, where the oxygen barrier layer comprises alcohol copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solvent is propylene carbonate, acetone, butanone, N-methyl pyrrolidone, o-dimethyl ethylene resin. The high molecular polymer is PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyvinyl acetate and polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The prepolymer is prepared by adding 0.5-10 mass% of polyisocyanates into polyalcohol solution, where a molar ratio of polyisocyanates and polyols is 3:1-1:1, and adding the mixed solution into a catalyst and then warming at 40-60 degrees C for 1-3 hours to form the end product. The step (f) is carried out at 50-70 degrees C for 1-2 hours. Preferred Components: The solvent is acetone. The polyalcohol is alcohol polymer containing hydroxyl functional groups. The polyisocyanates comprise isophorone cobalt diisocyanate, methylbenzene cobalt diisocyanate and 4,4-diphenylmethane cobalt diisocyanate. The prepolymer solution and capsule core solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 1-40:1. The chain extender or crosslinking agent comprises polyalcohol substituted by fluorine, difluoro, trifluoro or perfluor and/or amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin is at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene propylene diene monomer or ethylene propylene rubber. The base layer further comprises at least one of antioxidant, hindered amine or additive. The curing accelerator comprises at least one of unsaturated group of ester, ether or ketone. The coating layer is fluoropolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer or polyolefin. The weatherproof layer is fluorine containing material. The high energy ray of irradiation crosslinking is ultraviolet light ray, electron beam, neutron beam, or a gamma ray. The irradiation dosage of the irradiation cross-linking is 10-50 milliradian (Mrad). Preferred Method: The cross-linking treatment is peroxide chemical crosslinking, silane chemical crosslinking or irradiation crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl group-containing compound contains trimethylolpropane, hexamethylol melamine, ethylidene diphosphonic acid, o-phenyl phenol and 2-hydroxyl ethyl amine. The aldehyde group compound comprises aldehyde, methyl ethyl acetaldehyde, undecene aldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and vanillin. The amino compound comprises 2,4-nitroaniline, triethylene tetramine, melamine, cyclohexane, 4-nitroaniline and furfuryl amine. The imidazole compound contains 4,5,N-acyl imidazole, imidazole onium salt, 1-methyl-2 ethyl imidazole and N-alkyl imidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic adsorbing material is activated carbon, zeolite, or silica gel. The anion material is hexacyclic stone, tourmaline, opal, or charcoal powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent is a titanate coupling agent or silicate coupling agent. The dispersant is stearic acid. Preferred Method: Activated carbon and hexacyclic stone are impregnated in 0.6-1% silver nitrate solution for 1-1.5 hours. The materials are dried for 2.5-3.5 hours at 95-105 degrees C and calcined for 1.5-2.5 hours at 210-230 degrees C to obtain silver-infiltrated activated carbon and silver-infiltrated hexacyclic stone that is ground into microparticles. The microparticles are ground into nano-scale fine powders. The nano-scale fine powder is dried by a spray drier at air inlet of 200-260 degrees C and air outlet of 70-90 degrees C for 10-20 seconds, and kneaded with the carrier resin, coupling agent, and dispersant for 15-20 minutes at 460 rpm. The mixture is extruded and molded. The extruded substances are cooled and prepared into a solar nano-polypropylene liner after cooling in air.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carrier resin is nano-polypropylene masterbatch, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer, or styrene-butadiene block copolymer. The dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol or stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin is polyamide resin or polyester resin. The thermoplastic resin is polyamide 66 resin, polyamide 6 resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polytrimethylene terephthalate resin, or polyethylene terephthalate resin. The reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, polymer fiber, carbon fiber, bast fiber, and/or bamboo fiber. The reinforcing material is short fiber having a cross-section shape of an ellipse, where the ratio of its long axis and short axis is 0.5:1. The mass of the reinforcing material is 30-80% of the total mass of the thermoplastic resin and the reinforcing material. The additive is antioxidant, stabilizer, toughening agent, demolding agent, and/or UV aging resistant agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive agent is acetylene black, carbon nanotube, graphite, or carbon nanofiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode active material is obtained from titanium oxide, lithium salt, and expanded graphite in ratio of 90-99:0.5-5:0.5-9.5. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt and a solvent. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, or lithium tetrafluoro bis(oxalate) borate. The solvent contains bicarbonate methyl ester or propylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The bonding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In step (1), the mole ratio of trivalent iron salt and divalent transition metal salt is 2:1; and the stirring time is 10-90 minutes. In step (2), the mole ratio of alkali and divalent transition metal salt is (0-80):1; and the stirring time is 10-60 minutes. The reaction in step (3) is carried out at 120-260 degrees C for 12-24 hours. In step (5), the mole ratio of aniline and ammonium persulfate is 0.1-10; and the reaction is carried out at 0-50 degrees C for 6-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In step (1), the trivalent iron salt can be ferric nitrate, ferric chloride or ferric sulfate; and the divalent transition metal inorganic salt can be cobalt salt, nickel salt, copper salt, zinc salt or manganese salt. The alkali in step (2) can be sodium hydroxide or ammonia water. In step (4), the acid solution has a concentration 0.5-5 moles/L; and the acid can be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali in step (2) can also be urea. The acid in step (4) can also be p-toluenesulfonic acid or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A metal source and sulfur source are scattered in hollow fiber film by peristaltic pump and micro-reacted with the other reactant, to form target product. Preferred Components: The hollow fiber film is chosen from immersed hollow fiber film, flat fiber film and double-fiber film. The soluble metal salt is chosen from copper chloride, zinc chloride, tin chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, tin sulfate, copper acetate, zinc acetate, tin acetate, copper nitrate, zinc nitrate and tin nitrate. The soluble sulfide is chosen from sodium sulfide and potassium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, isopropanol, isoamylol and n-butyl alcohol. The surfactant is chosen from polyethylene pyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyl burning base trimethyl ammonium bromide, (-2-ethyl)sodium succinate, HYDROPALAT 5040 (RTM: polycarboxylic acid-type pigment dispersing agent) and HYDROPALAT 3275 (RTM: polyfunctional dispersant). Preferred Property: The particle size of ink material is 0.1-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide and zinc oxide is used after being processed by p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent is at least one of vinyl tributyl ketoxime group silane, methyl tributyl ketoxime group silane, methyl ethyl ketoxime group silane or dimethyl butanone oxime silane. The burn silicon coupling agent is at least one of methyl diethoxy silicon, methacrylic acid propyl dimethoxy silicon, ethyl diethoxy silane or gamma -aminoethyl gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxy silane. The catalyst is one of dibutyltin dilaurate, tin acetate, butyl titanate or isopropyl titanate. The flatting agent is organic silicon flatting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the solution is 0.01-0.12 mg of total weight of graphene oxide. The aluminum foil has a humidity of 15-30%. The one-dimensional semiconductor nano graphene is present at 2. 5-15 wt.%. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (1), the strong acid is concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The transition metal ion is connected on to the POSS. The content of transition metal is 1-5%. The granularity of the POSS complex is 1.5-5 nm. In step (3), the catalyst is organic amine or silver oxide. A molar ratio of the POSS is 1-2. The organic amine is trimethyl amine or triethyl amine. In step (5), the carrier electrode is graphite electrode or titanium electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The divalent ferric salt is ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous chloride and/or ferric acetate. The divalent ferric salt solution has a concentration of 0.05-5 mol/l. The phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid. The oxidant (1-5 mol/l) is hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate, sodium hypochlorite, oxygen and/or air. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium fluoride or lithium nitride. The dopant is manganese dioxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide or hypovanadous oxide. The reducing gas comprises nitrogen gas or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon source is graphene, graphene oxide, graphite, glucose, sucrose, carbon black, acetylene carbon black, citric acid, tartaric acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wettability additive is fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether of formula: R1-C(=O)-O-(CH2CH2O)m-R2 (I), long chain fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether of formula: R3-O(CH2CH2O)nR4 (II) or organic silane of formula: H3C-Si(-CH3)2-O(Si(-CH3)2O)a(Si(-CH3)(-C3H6-O-(CH2CH2O)c(CH2CH(-CH3)-O)d-R5))b-Si(-CH3)3 (III).R1,R3=1-30C alkyl;m,n=1-30;R2,R4=H, CH3, C2H5 or C3H7;R5=1-10C alkyl;andc,d=1-20.The ratio of the wettability additive is 0.01-2 %mass. The ratio of the other additive is 0.5-8 %mass, and is chosen from vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone and cyclohexyl benzene. The ratio of the solvent is 60-90 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle diameter of the PtNi alloy nano-hollow ball is 10-50 nm. The soluble nickel salt (II) comprises nickel chloride, nickel nitrate or nickel sulfate. The soluble platinum salt (IV) comprises potassium hexachloroplatinate, potassium hexachloride, sodium chloroplatinate or chloroplatinic acid. The reaction mixture comprises graphene oxide is (10-20 mg/l). The concentration of soluble nickel salt (II) is 0.2-0.6 mmol/l. The concentration of soluble platinum salt (IV) is 0.6-1 mmol/l. The soluble nickel salt (II) and soluble platinum salt (IV) are in the molar ratio of 1:1-5. The surfactant comprises polyethylene pyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or lauryl sodium sulfate, where amount of reaction mixture accounts to 3 mg/ml. The reducing agent comprises sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, sodium hypophosphite or phosphate, where the amount of reaction mixture accounts to 0.2-6 g/l. The temperature while carrying out reduction reaction is 20-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Thiofuran compound of formula (Ia) and n-butyl lithium in molar ratio of 1:2-4 are dissolved in solvent (a), reacted at -100 degrees C to -25 degrees C, trimethyl tin chloride is added to obtained mixture, continuously reacted for 24-48 hours, to obtain distannide thiofuran compound of formula (II). Then, 1,3-dibromo-5-alkylthiophene(3,4-c)pyrrol-4,6-dione of formula (III) and distannide thiofuran compound in molar ratio of 1:a are reacted at 65-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, to obtain copolymer containing thiofuran pyrrolidone unit (I).m=1-5;anda=0.95-1.05.Preferred Components: The solvent (a) is tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, or ethyl acetate, preferably tetrahydrofuran, methylbenzene, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. Preferred Process: The method further involves preparing 1,3-dibromo-5-alkylthiophene(3,4-c)-pyrrol-4,6-dione by adding 5-alkylthiophene(3,4-c)-pyrrol-4,6-dione of formula (IV) and N-bromosuccinimide in molar ratio of 1:2-4 to solvent (b), reacting at 0-30 degrees C for 12-48 h in anaerobic environment. The solvent (b) is mixed solvent of sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The catalyst is mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is -tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladiumchloride. The organic phosphorus ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. Preferred Definitions:    n=20-80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component:The surface active agent is of formula (I).R2=CH3, C2H5, C3H7 or H;andn=100-300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anatase titanium dioxide nanocrystallites have particle diameters of 4-10 nm and rutile titanium dioxide particles have particle diameters of 100-500 nm. The anatase titanium dioxide nanocrystallites and rutile titanium dioxide particles are in a weight ratio of 10/90-90/10. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass binder is zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide and bismuth oxide. The silver powder and aluminum powder have average grain diameter of 0.1-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methylvinylcyclosiloxane monomer is trimethyl trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane or tetramethylammonium vinyl cyclotetrasiloxane. The emulsifying agent is polyalcohol or octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether. The organic acid catalyst is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid or p-methyl benzene sulfonic acid. The organic solvent is butanone or petroleum ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type electron donor material is poly phenylene vinylene, polysulfoxide vinyl arylene, polyphenylene, polyarylene, polythiophene, polyquinoline, morpholines, phthalocyanine or electron conjugated unit with electron conjugated units coupled with crosslinking group of conjugated polymers. The electron conjugated unit is pyrrole, benzothiadiazole or thiophene and pyrrole diketone, carbazole, fluorine, benzene and thiophene to electron conjugated unit, with crosslinking group of conjugated polymer crosslinkable functional group of formulae asterisk-C(=O)-O-(CH2)k-CH=asterisk, asterisk-C(=O)-O-(CH2)k-CH2-Br, asterisk-C(=O)-O-(CH2)k-CH2-SiCl3, compound of formula (I), asterisk-S(=O)2-CH2-(CH2)k-CH=asterisk, asterisk-S(=O)2-CH2-(CH2)k-CH2-Br, asterisk-S(=O)2-CH2-(CH2)k-CH2-SiCl3 and/or compound of formula (II). The N-type electron acceptor material is soluble fullerenes or its derivative, naphthalene or its derivative, quinones, III-V group or II-VI group semiconductor nano crystal.k=0-16.Preferred Process: The thermal crosslinking treatment comprises roasting at 20-250 degrees C for 5 minutes-48 hours, processing ultraviolet light crosslinking at 180-380 nm, and illumination time for 5 minutes-24 hours. The N-type electron acceptor material solvent is isopropyl alcohol, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chloroform, chlorobenzene and/or dichlorobenzene; and N-type electron acceptor material solvent is n-hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and/or xylene. The electron acceptor layer comprises lithium fluoride, titanium oxide, zinc oxide or titanium oxide. The low work function cathode layer comprises alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal comprising sodium bromide and/or potassium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is indium, tin, zinc and/or cadmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, pentanol, propanol and butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolammine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The carbonization process involves carrying out preoxidation treatment of fiber in air at a furnace temperature of 160-350 degrees C from room temperature at 0.5-10 degrees C/minute, maintaining the temperature for 0.5-3 hours, carrying out carbonization under nitrogen protection at furnace temperature of 600-1200 degrees C at 0.5-20 degrees C/minute, and maintaining temperature for 0.5-3 hours. The fiber yield is 20-55%. The oxidation treatment involves oxidation-crystallization of titanate fiber surface under air atmosphere and furnace temperature of 160-350 degrees C from room temperature at 0.5-10 degrees C/minute, and maintaining the temperature for 0.5-5 hours such that the diameter of anatase type nanotitanium dioxide crystal is 3-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, methyl morpholine oxide aqueous solution, tetrahydrofuran, and/or dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fiber precursor polymer is polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, and/or polybenzoxazole. The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or Triton X-100 (RTM: octylphenol ethoxylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte E1 and E2 comprise lithium salt comprising lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium oxalate borate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, where the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.8-1.2M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass percentage of high-temperature additive A1 is 1-1.5 wt.%, and the additive A2 is 13.9-28.3 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high temperature additive A2 is olefin functional group. The high temperature additive A1 and A2 are carbonate ester, and vinyl ester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The magnetic nano modifier is nano nickel oxide, nano ferric oxide or nano cobalt oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of N719 dye solution is 0.5x 10-3 mol/L. The solid-to-liquid ratio of titanate slurry is 1:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polysaccharide polymer is agarose, cellulose or chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nano-particles are silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide. Preferred Property: The nano-particles have particle diameter of 10-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl imidazole compound is of formula (II) and diiodo iodoalkane compound is of formula (I-(CH2)-I) (III) in a mole ratio of 1:1.2-1.2:1. The weight ratio of polymer A, iodine and inorganic nano particles is 1:(0.05-0.15):(0.1-0.4).n=3-7;andm=1..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer A has a number average molecular weight of 3-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inactive area is coated with a metal reflection film that is plated with silver, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, nickel, cadmium, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, germanium, tin, magnesium, gallium, gold, platinum, palladium and other metal materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The anode recycling uses ammonium bicarbonate as a reducing agent. The cathode recovery uses ammonium bicarbonate as a desulfurizing agent. The reaction is carried out at 40-90 degrees C for 30-60 minutes. The filtrate is cooled to make the ammonium sulfate crystal separated out, filtered, added with ammonium sulfite in the filtrate for preparing a solution with the concentration of 50-200 g/L. Preferred Component: The HNO3 solution has a concentration of 10-50 mass %. The (NH4)2SO3 solution has a concentration of 50-200 g/L. The concentration of NH4HCO3 solution is 50-200 g/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon source is glucose. The organic solvent is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, poly sugar alcohol, epoxy resin, acetone and ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticle is a titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide, the grain size of the nanoparticle is 10-150 nm, and the nanoparticle is present at 1-10 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorescence functional group comprises delocalized electron, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, perylene, quinoline, coumarin, p-ter-phenyl, N-hydroxyphenyl-benzylidene aniline, alpha-benzoyl cinnamonitrile or rhodamine B.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent polymer chain and fluorescence functional group comprises homopolymer/copolymer, polyethylene homopolymer/copolymer, polystyrene homopolymer/copolymer or thermoplastic polyurethane. The fluorescence functional group is transparent polymer chain of the main chain and/or side chain. The concentration of the transparent polymer is 0.01-10%. The concentration of the fluorescence functional group is 1-3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is butyl carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetic ester, glycol butyl ether, glycol butyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, turpentine oil and terpineol. The diluent is butyl carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetic ester, glycol butyl ether, glycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether, turpentine oil, terpineol or castor oil. The superfine silver powder is branch-shaped microcrystalline silver powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is made from epoxy and phenolic or silicon thermosetting resin. The blade surface layer is fiber weaving layer for reinforcing thermoplastic resin composite material, where the resin is vinyl resin, nylon, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polyurethane resin, a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin of thermoplastic resin. The reinforcing fiber is carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower sheet is made of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or cyclic olefin copolymer. The upper sheet is made of polycarbonate, polyurethane, tempered glass or cyclic olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salts: The salt is selected from sodium, lithium or potassium salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used for dissolving polymer is selected from acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, chloroform, ethanol, acetone or their mixtures. The additives are selected from gamma -butyrolactone, ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, dimethylacetamide, tert.-butyl-pyridine, crown ether, ionic liquids or their derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is selected from poly(ethylene oxide), poly(epichlorohydrin-co- ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide-co-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl glycidyl ether), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methylbenzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, ethyl acetate or N,N-dimethylformamide. The catalyst is 3,2-benzal acetone palladium, 2-bicyclohexyl phosphine-2,6-dimethoxy benzene, 4,3-phenyl phosphine fertilizer, or bispalladium chloride. The molar ratio of catalyst to compound (II) is 1:80-120. The aqueous alkali is tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The phthalocyanine complex is prepared by reacting pyromellitic anhydride, urea and metal salt in presence of ammonium molybdate catalyst in refined paraffin, nitrobenzene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetylamide or dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at 180-220 degrees C for 4-10 hours, where mole ratio of pyromellitic anhydride to urea is 1:8-20, the metal salt is acetate, sulfate or nitrate of ferrous ion (Fe2+), ferric ion (Fe3+), cobalt (II) ion (Co2+), nickel ion (Ni2+), manganese ion (Mn2+) or platinum ion (Pt2+), and catalyst is present at 2-8 mass% of reaction mixture; purifying the obtained polymerized phthalocyanine complex to obtain polymer having side chain of acylamino; refluxing the polymer in 10-20 mass% sodium hydroxide solution for 24-48 hours to hydrolyze to obtain solution of polymer having side chain of sodium carboxylate; acidifying the solution with 10-20 mass% hydrochloric acid to regulate pH value to 3-5, filtering, and water washing the obtained precipitate to obtain finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium fluoborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate or bi(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) lithium imide. The plasticizer is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or dibutyl phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte preparing method utilizes methylmethacrylate as monomer and 2-bromoisobutanoate as initiator. The electrolyte preparing method further utilizes catalyst that is chosen from cuprous chloride and pentamethyl diethylene triamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first film is polyethylene film. The second film is polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel pour point reducer composition comprises (in wt.%): Tween 20 (RTM: Polysorbate 20) (5, preferably 6, more preferably 10), Tween 40 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate) (1-5, preferably 3), Tween 60 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate) (5-8, preferably 5), Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) (55, preferably 40, more preferably 60) and biodiesel pour point reducer (22-45, preferably 30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coating glue A comprises a mole ratio of tetraethylorthosilicate: water:anhydrous ethanol:hydrochloric acid:hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) of 1:1-4:20-25:0.03:0.12. The coating rubber B comprises mole ratio of tetraethylorthosilicate:water:anhydrous ethanol:hydrochloric acid:CTAB of 1:1-4:60-100:0.03:1.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, toluene, dimethylbenzene, isopropanol and/or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electric insulating layer polyethylene film substrate layer as a thickness of 100-300 mu m. The modified polyacrylic resin coating film layer has a thickness of 5-50 mu m and high UV reflectivity. The modified polyacrylic resin coating film layer comprises polyethylene film coated with a coating liquid. The coating liquid comprises (pts.wt.) organic solvent (10-50), modified polyacrylic resin (5-20), polyamide (1-10), inorganic filler (0.1-5), anti-UV additives (0.1-5), antioxidant (0.1-10), and flexibilizer (1-20). The modified polyacrylic resin is polymer or copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, acrylamide, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid-2-phthalic acid ester. The polyethylene film has strength of 50 dyne after subjecting to plasma processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The heat collecting layer has metal with high thermal conductivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane compound is1-(3-mercapto)propyl-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-isobutylpentacyclo(9.5.1.1(3,9).1(5,15).1(7,13)) octasiloxane, 1-chloropropyl -3,5,7,9,1,13,15-isobutylpentacyclo(9.5.1.1(3,9).1(5,15).1(7,13)) octasiloxane,1-chloropropyl-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-isobutylpentacyclo(9.5.1.1(3,9).1(5,15).1(7,13)) otasiloxane, 1-(2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5,7,9,1,13,15-isobutylpentacyclo(9.5.1.1(3,9).1(5,15).1(7,13)) octasiloxane and 1-vinyl-3,5,7,9,1,13,15-isobutylpentacyclo(9.5.1.1(3,9).1(5,15).1(7,13)) octasiloxane.The content of silane compound is 0.01-1 parts weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of nonaqueous electrolyte solution.The anion of the lithium salt is F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, N(CN)2-, BF4-, ClO4-, PF6-, (CF3)2PF4-, (CF3)3PF3-, (CF3)4PF2-, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, CF3SO3-, CF3CF2SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N-, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3-, CF3CO2-, CH3CO2- ,SCN-or (CF3CF2SO2)2N-.The organic solvent comprises ether, ester, amide, linear carbonate and/or cyclic carbonate.The cyclic carbonate comprises ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate or their halides.The linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or ethyl propyl carbonate. The ether is dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, the methyl propyl ether or ethyl propyl ether.The ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, sigma -valerolactone or epsilon -carprolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode active material further comprises lithium-cobalt-metal oxide (Li(1-x)CoyM'(1-y)O2), where M' is nickel, manganese, titanium, magnesium, chromium, aluminum, silicon or fluorine, x is (-0.10)-0.20 and y is 0.5-1. The content of lithium-nickel-cobalt-metal oxide, is 20-100 wt.%. The content of metal oxide is 0.01-1.5 wt.%. The content of FEC and chain-like unsaturated alkyl nitrile in the electrolyte is 1-5 wt.% and 1-2 wt.%, respectively. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chain-like unsaturated alkyl nitrile is adiponitrile or succinonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The casing is aluminum-plastic composite film or iron-plastic composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ketone solvent or ester solvent. The ketone solvent is acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. The ester solvent is carbonic acid ethyl ester, carbonic acid propylene ester, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, sulfate, sulfate sub propyl ester, r-butyrolactone or tetrahydrofuran. The lithium salt utilized in preparation of gel polymer electrolyte membrane is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoro-borate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate or lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl). The preparation method utilizes a conductive agent that is super conductive carbon black, conductive graphite or conductive nano carbon tube. The solvent in negative electrode paste is N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl amide or dimethyl acetamide. The battery shell is steel shell, aluminum shell, plastic shell and aluminum-plastic shell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The gel polymer electrolyte membrane is formed by dissolving polymer in solvent. Preferred Components: The polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, epoxy ethane-epoxy of homo-or copolymers, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile or poly carbamic acid resin. The preparation method utilizes an adhesive agent that is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or polymerized resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The method further utilizes concentrated nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method further utilizes a solvent chosen from ethylene glycol and terpinol. Preferred Process: The method further involves weighing 0.6 g of ethylcellulose and 0.2 g of magnesium nitrate to 300 ml of isopropyl alcohol solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate is a piece of transparent conductive glass and transparent conductive polyethylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode is prepared by thermally treating the conductive substrate in the gas where the gas air, argon, hydrogen, argon/hydrogen mixed gas or nitrogen. The electrode is prepared using strong oxidant that is chosen from potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate, potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate. The electrode is prepared using surfactant that is chosen from lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, triton or Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer). The electrode is prepared using reducing agent that is chosen from hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, metal iron, glucose, antiscorbutic acid or sulfocompound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal sheet is aluminum, copper, titanium or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode is prepared using solvent that is chosen from water, ethanol, isopropanol and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode material is inorganic sulfur or organic sulfur. The inorganic sulfur is molybdenum disulfide, silicon sulfide, lithium sulfide, iron sulfide, vanadium sulfide, titanium disulfide, nickel sulfide, europium sulfide, praseodymium, erbium, lanthanum, gadolinium, thulium, holmium, terbium sulfide, ferrous sulfide, iron sulfide, copper sulfide, titanium sulfide, sulfide, lead sulfide and/or cobalt sulfide. The organic sulfur is organic sulfide, organic polysulfide and/or sulfur-containing polymer. The electrolyte comprises organic liquid, ion liquid or commercial lithium-ion electrolyte. The commercial lithium-ion electrolyte contains lithium hexafluorophosphate/propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate in a ratio of 1:1:1, or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate. The cathode comprises silicon substrate, lithium titanate oxide or tin-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic liquid electrolyte contains ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, 1,3-pentane, tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, tetraglyme and/or ortho-xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sulfur-containing polymer is poly(2,2'-dithiodianiline), polyanthra(1,9,8-b,c,d,e)(4,10,5-b,c,d,e)bis-(1,6,6a(6a-S)trithia)pentalene, poly(2-phenyl-1,3-dithiolane), poly(1,4-di(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)benzene) or poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pre-coating solar cell light-receiving surface area is electrode region, the metal anode is metal seed crystal layer, the first electrode or the second electrode is metal, the first metal electrode is plated on the metal seed crystal layer, and the second electrode is set on the metal coating on the metal seed crystal layer or the first electrode metal. The seed layer metal is nickel, plating solution comprises water-soluble nickel salt, boric acid and wetting agent, the first electrode metal material is copper, corresponding to the plating solution comprises a water-soluble copper salt, sulfuric acid, and brightener. The second electrode metal material is silver, corresponding to the plating solution comprising a water-soluble silver salt, nitric acid and brightener. The elastic conductive part is a metal spring provided with the connecting part of the contact part of the contact to be plated solar battery back electrode and not to be plated solar battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material of the plating slot bottom is made of transparent polyethylene, transparent polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The isolating cover is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, bi-casting resin, bi-alkene or ester. The front plate is made of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), PTFE, poly-benzene acid, glass or plastic. The back plate is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and/or silicon dioxide having average grain size of 0.1-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thermally stable additive is organic tin containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer is maleic anhydride or grafted derivative, copolymer of acrylic acid or glycidyl methacrylate, polymer of glycidyl methacrylate or grafted derivative, copolymer of polar group modified styrene-hydrogenate bivinyl-styrol, copolymer of polar group modified styrene-isoprene-styrol or thermoplastic polyurethane. The polyvinylidene fluoride layer comprises (wt.%) polymer of polyvinylidene fluoride(s) (0.1-2) having a molecular weight 10000000-100000000, thermally stable additive (0.1-2), inorganic filler (2-20), processing agent (2-20), hindered phenol/phosphate esters antioxidant (less than 0.5), and tackifier (1-10). The processing agent comprises acrylic resin and polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The hard substrate material is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The substrate layer is hard substrate or flexible substrate material. The hard substrate material is stainless steel. The ZnO thin film is a doped ZnO material, particularly ZnO:aluminum (Al), ZnO: Al, ZnO:gallium, ZnO:boron, ZnO:hydrogen, ZnO:molybdenum, and ZnO:tungsten n-type semiconductor material. The thin film solar cell is amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, nano-silica-based thin film solar cell or laminated silicon-based thin film solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material of the flexible substrate is polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant comprises 0.5-2 parts each of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) and antioxidant RD.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate and titanium isopropoxide is (0.3-3):1. The content of concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12-17%. Preferred Process: The template solution is further added with hydrochloric acid (12-17%), and treated with hydrofluoric acid to remove silicon in the material or adjusting the content of silicon and titanium. Preferred Property: The specific surface area and average pore size of mesoporous titanium dioxide is 410-218 cm2/g and 12-20 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of poly-(glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol), and ammonium fluoride and trimethyl benzene is 1:(0.01-0.012):(0.7-0.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Tackifying resin is polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene butyl acrylate copolymer, or ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer. Base material layer is a polytrimethylene terephthalate, poly (2,6), poly-polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide or polyethylene terephthalate. Weather resistance layer is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The transmittance of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene plastic film is more than 95%. The weight of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene plastic film is 0.1 kg/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inert atmosphere is nitrogen. The nitrogen content of the obtained nitrogen-doped carbon material is 3.6-17.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflecting layers are made of silver, aluminum or alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum foil has a thickness of 5-20 mu m. The electric conduction metal strap is a copper strap.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin-aluminum foil composite film is compounded with a lamination film having a thickness of 50-300 mu m. The resin is polyethylene terephthalate. The resin-aluminum foil composite film has a thickness of 50-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen or argon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel cell catalyst comprises 40-99% of carbon material and 1-60% of copper phthalocyanine. The carbon material is active carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, graphene or oxidized graphene. The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, chloroform or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from LiBF4, LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiSO3CF3, LiC2O4BC2O4, LiF2BC2O4, LiBFa((C6Fx (CnFmH(2n+1m))yH(5-x-y)))(4-a).a=0-3:x,y=0-5;andn,m= greater than or equal to 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprises (fluorosulfonic acid)imine (0.001-2 parts/l), lithium salts (0-2 parts/l), carbonic esters and/or ethers organic solvent and functional additives (0-0.5 parts/l). The (fluorosulfonic acid)imine is an ion type compound, where the cation is lithium ion, and negative ion has structure of formula (I). The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxide cyclopentane, dimethyl oxygen methane, and/or 1,2-dimethyl ethane. The carbonic type organic solvent is annular carbonic ester compound selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone and butylene carbonate. The chain type carbonic ester compound is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl ester, fatty alcohol having 3-8 carbon atoms, and/or methyl carbonate. The functional additive is biphenyl, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, propylene sulfite, butylene sulfite ester, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-styrene sulfonic acid ester, 1,3-(1) sultone, ethylene sulfite, vinyl, cyclohexyl benzene, tert-butyl, amyl and/or cyanide.R1, R2= halo, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenated alkyl, halogenated alkoxy, alkylene, halogenated alkylene, phenyl, biphenyl, halogenated phenyl or halogenated biphenyl..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrical insulator is made of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, palladium, gold and platinum or alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrical insulator is made of formaldehyde polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethanes, PVC, PTFE, polyurethanes, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The crystal is chosen from yttrium fluoride, sodium-yttrium fluoride, potassium-yttrium fluoride and ytterbium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The X2Mo2O9:X is lanthanum containing compound of formula La2Mo2O9: Yb, Er. The JQX(PO4)2:X3+ is potassium containing compound of formula KCaGd(PO4)2:Eu3+ or KSrGd(PO4)2:Eu3+. The phosphor layer further comprises a barium containing compound of formula BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, Mn2+ or (Ba, Sr, Mg)2SiO4:Eu2+; a polymer coating selected from polymethylmethacrylate and/or silicon compound. The photoelectric conversion layer comprises polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon and/or amorphous silicon cadmium telluride backstop. The solar cell further comprises an anti-reflection comprising silicon nitride, silicon oxide and/or silicon oxynitride backstop. The fluorescent phosphor powder has a granular size of 100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further comprises polyethylene glycol, lithium salt electrolyte (18-25 wt.%) and lithium oxide (8-16 wt.%). Preferred Components: The lithium salt electrolyte is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorinated graphene oxide comprises (in %mass): carbon (50-70), fluorine (0-50), oxygen (0-40) and hydrogen (0-3), where the contents of fluorine, oxygen and hydrogen are not 0. The oxidant is at least one component chosen from iron chloride, ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate. Preferred Method: The method involves adding graphite powder, potassium persulfate and phosphorus pentoxide in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 into concentrated sulfuric acid at 70-90 degrees C and stirring uniformly, cooling the mixture, washing the mixture, drying the mixture, adding the dried product into the concentrated sulfuric acid at 0-20 degrees C, adding graphite powder (3 times of potassium permanganate) to the mixture, maintaining temperature of the mixture to 20 degrees C or less, heating the mixture at 30-40 degrees C for 1.5-3 hours, adding deionized water to the mixture, extracting the mixture, filtering the extract, washing the filtrate using alcohol, extracting the product again, filtering the extract, drying the extract, and reacting the product with the fluoride at 20-200 degrees C for 0.5-24 hours. The ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 10-60 minutes and 10-50 minutes respectively. The continuous stirring process is performed for 3-15 hours. The vacuum drying is performed at 40-100 degrees C for 24-48 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is at least one component chosen from chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light selective film comprises a layer of silica aerogel layer, a middle layer, and a base layer. The base is connected with front surface of solar battery board component. The intermediate layer is between the layer of silica aerogel layer and a substrate. The light selective film preferably comprises a silica aerogel layer, middle oxide layer, and alumina layer or polyethylene layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is soluble persulfate containing compound. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or perchloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The washing of the filter cake comprises washing the filter cake with water and ethanol, soaking washed product in inorganic acid aqueous solution, centrifuging, filtering, washing the filter cake with water, and vacuum drying. Preferred Components: The ratio of fluorinated oxidized graphene to alcohol dispersant is 1 (mg):3-300 (ml). The ratio of aniline to fluorinated oxidized graphene is 0.01-30 (ml):1 (mg). The molar ratio of oxidant to aniline is 1:1-4. The alcohol dispersant is ethanol, glycol or isopropanol. The fluorinated oxidized graphene is provided by mixing graphite, potassium persulfate and phosphorus pentoxide at a mass ratio of 2:1:1, soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid at 60-85 degrees C, stirring, cooling naturally, neutralizing, drying, mixing dried product and potassium permanganate, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, reacting at lower than 20 degrees C, subjecting to oil bath at 30-40 degrees C for 1.5-2.5 hours, adding deionized water, reacting for 15 minutes, adding hydrogen peroxide, subjecting to suction filtration, collecting solid, washing solid with hydrochloric acid, drying to obtain oxidized graphene, reacting oxidized graphene with mixed gas comprising (vol.%) nitrogen (50) and fluorine (50) at 20-200 degrees C for 0.5-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is divinyl adipate, vinylene carbonate, allyl methyl carbonate. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The carbonate-type solvent is cyclic carbonate solvent and linear carbonate-type solvent. The cyclic carbonate solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and pentylene carbonate. The linear carbonate-type solvent is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode (a) is anode. The electrode (b) is cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-emitting layer further contains 2-(6-(dicyanomethylidene)-1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-2,6-dihydronaphthalen-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile. The sacrificial layer comprises hole-injection layer containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) as polymeric compound and hole-transport layer containing naphthalene compound (I) and low-molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copper indium gallium selenide or cadmium telluride are deposited in the solar cell comprising stainless steel board coated with silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acyclic copolymer contains 4-12C alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer (83-99 wt.%) and a polymerizable monomer (1-17 wt.%). The weight average molecular weight of carboxy group-containing acrylic copolymer is 60-100. The crosslinking agent is multi-functional isocyanate-based compound. The catalyst is chosen from Lewis acid and Lewis base. The polyethylene-type film has density of 0.94-.97 g/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flake inorganic filler is talc, muscovitum, sericite, calcite, brucite, chlorite, pumice, glass flake, graphite, ferric oxide, flake type calcium carbonate, flake type aluminum hydroxide and kaolin clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive composition further comprises cross-linking agent selected from isocyanate compound, epoxy compound and aziridine compound, and polymerizable monomer containing alkyl methacrylate monomer and carboxyl radical.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive resin is acrylic resin, polyurethane resin and poly ester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The temperature-resistant resin is made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic zinc additive is zinc stearate, zinc citrate, zinc methacrylate and/or zinc acetylacetonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The EVA film is obtained by uniformly stirring EVA copolymer in the hopper of a screw rod extruder, melting, plasticizing, filtering, melting, plasticizing the hot sol by extruding die-head casting, embossing by pattern roller, cooling using a rubber roller, forming, and conveying to a forming box. The screw extruder consists of 4-12 zones at constant temperature. The temperature of first zone is 45-50 degrees C, the temperature of tail end zone is 58-62 degrees C, the temperature of middle zone is 63-67 degrees C, the extruding die-head temperature is 99-101 degrees C, the extrusion pressure is 15-26 MPa, the rubber-roller temperature is 25-45 degrees C, the cooling-roller temperature is 25-30 degrees C, the roller temperature is 25-30 degrees C, and the temperature of forming box is 20-25 degrees C. The forming box consists of a box component, a conveying belt in the box component, and a cold-air output device located in the conveying belt. The cold-air output device is a refrigerating air conditioner or a coil fan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating shell is made of PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, phenolic resin, PVC, polytrifluorochloroethylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The current-conducting filler current-conducting carbon fiber, carbon powder, graphite powder, and/or metal powder. The graphite felt is made from carbon fiber network material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is amine curing agent, modified amine curing agent, anhydride curing agent, or free radical initiated curing agent. The accelerator is amine accelerator or cobalt iso-octoate accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode is platinum/carbon electrode or carbon paper. The film electrode is superposed with the porous material layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film is Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film). The Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film) is 212Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film) or 115Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film). The porous materials are porous materials of carbon felt flow or carbon fiber. The Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film) and electrode layer is hot-pressed to the film electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic glass powder comprises (in wt.%) bismuth oxide (58-71), silicon dioxide (11-19), boron trioxide (6-8), zinc dioxide (11-19), calcium oxide (0.5-3), potassium oxide (1.5-2.5), vanadium pentoxide (1-1.5) and calcium fluoride (0.7-1.2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises (in wt.%) ethyl cellulose (2-6), cellulose acetate (1-7), terpineol (28-43), ethylene glycol butyl ether (21-41), ethylene glycol ethyl ether (9-19), wetting dispersant (0.3-2.1) and defoamer (1.5-2.5). The additive comprises midstream leveling agent (8-11), wetting agent (60-70) and film-forming aid (20-26).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass, plastic, quartz or sapphire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second oxide layer is layer of zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium oxide, tin dioxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, titanium dioxide, molybdenum dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, nickel oxide, vanadium(IV) oxide, vanadium(V) oxide or tungsten(iii) oxide. The metal layer is layer of silver, gold, nickel, chromium, platinum, copper or aluminum. The first heavily doped layer and the second heavily doped layer is layer of a metal, metal oxide, nitride, oxynitride, fluoride or heavily doped oxide. The metal comprises aluminum, indium, gallium, lithium, sodium and/or tin. The metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide and/or tin oxide. The nitride is selected from aluminum nitride and silicon nitride. The oxynitride is selected from silicon oxynitride and aluminum oxynitride. The fluoride comprises lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and magnesium fluoride. The heavily doped oxide is heavily aluminum-doped zinc oxide, heavily lithium-doped nickel oxide, heavily gallium-doped zinc oxide, heavily indium-doped zinc oxide, heavily tin-doped indium(iii) oxide and heavily fluorine-doped tin dioxide. The second oxide layer comprises degenerate semiconductor layer and non-degenerate semiconductor layer comprising electronic transmission layer or cavity transmission layer, zinc oxide, indium(iii) oxide, titanium dioxide, molybdenum dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, nickel oxide, vanadium(IV) oxide, vanadium(V) oxide or tungsten(iii) oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass substrate is soda-lime glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal substrate is stainless steel of SUS304 or SUS430. The thin film layer is made of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride (Si3N4) or zinc oxide. The buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium-zinc sulfide or indium sulfide (In2S3). The intrinsic zinc oxide layer is made of aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide or magnesium-doped zinc oxide. Preferred Properties: The zinc oxide layer has thickness of 300-1500 nm. The buffer layer has thickness of 30-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer substrate is polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises:(A) copolymerizing a bisphenol monomer of formula (II), a tertiary amine lateral group of formula (III), and a halo aromatic monomer of formula (IV) in the presence of a catalyst and a polar aprotic solvent;(B) carrying out halogenated hydrocarbon reaction; and(C) performing anion exchange.Preferred Method: The tertiary amine lateral group (III) is prepared by dissolving the bisphenol in an alcohol solvent, adding formaldehyde aqueous solution and dimethylamine aqueous solution at 0-50 degrees C for 2-48 hours, and re-crystallizing by alcohol solvent to obtain a slurry. The copolymerization is carried out at 70-200 degrees C. The halogenated hydrocarbon reaction is carried out at 0-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural dye is extracted from rose. The ruthenium dye is N719. The dye-sensitized zinc titanate (Zn2TiO4) nano-crystalline film solar battery preparation method utilizes dihydrate zinc acetate as reaction precursor, ethanolamine as stabilizer, glycol methyl ether as solvent and polyethylene glycol-400 as surfactant. Preferred Composition: The dye-sensitized zinc titanate (Zn2TiO4) nano-crystalline film solar battery preparation method utilizes butyl titanate, diethanol amine, de-ionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol at a ratio of 3:1:1:12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxirane, ( gamma )-butyrolactone and/or acetonitrile. The curing-type initiator is ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, ( alpha )-methylbenzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, ( alpha )-acyloximester, ( alpha ),( alpha )-diethoxy acetophenone, 1,1-dichloroacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 1-hydroxycylcohexylphenyl ketone, Darocur 1116 (RTM: photoinitiator), Irgacure 907 (RTM: 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone), anthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, thioxanthone, isoprophylthioxantone, chlorotioxantone, benzophenone, p-chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate, benzoyl benzoate, Michler ketone, azoisobutyronitrile and/or peroxide. Liquid electrolyte further comprises lithium salt chosen from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and/or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte composite further comprises liquid electrolyte and curing-type initiator. The content of crosslinking agent and curing-type initiator in the polymer electrolyte composite 2-10 wt.% and 0.01-2 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first organic solvent is at least one of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and dioxane; and the molar weight of the 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane is 2-4 times the molar weight of the dibromotriphenylamine. The first catalyst is at least one of propionic acid and trifluoroacetic acid; the oxidant is dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone; and the second organic solvent is one or two of trichloromethane and dichloromethane. The brominating agent is N-bromosuccinimide; and the third organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethyl amide and orthodichlorobenzene. The fourth organic solvent is at least one of trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, methylbenzene and dichloromethane. Second catalyst is organic palladium or a mixture of palladium and organic phosphorus ligand; the molar weight of the second catalyst is 0.01-20 percent of that of the 4-4'-di(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,-dioxaborolane) triphenylamine; and the fifth organic solvent is at least one of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, dioxane, dimethyl amide, glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, chlorobenzene and methylbenzene. Organic palladium is Pd2(dba)3, Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(OAc)2 or Pd(PPh3)2Cl2; and the organic phosphorus ligand is P(o-Tol)3 or tricyclohexylphosphine. Preferred Definition:    M=Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pt2+, Zr2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ or Sn2+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is trichloroethylene, o-dichlorobenzene or toluene. The mixed acid solvent comprises (in wt.%) distilled water (60-70), nitric acid (20-30), hydrofluoric acid (5-10), sulfuric acid (3-7), and acetic acid (3-7). The surfactant (10-20 volume%) is added during recycling of silicon from waste solar module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The fluorinated polycarbonate diol is obtained by reacting fluorine-substituted ethylene glycol, fluorine-substituted alkyl carbonate and propylene glycol in presence of dialkyl aluminum, dialkyl zinc or aluminum acetoacetate as catalyst. Preferred Property: The fluorinated polycarbonate diol has molecular weight of 500-3000 g/mole. Preferred Components: The dialkyl aluminum is diethyl aluminum, dipropyl aluminum or di-t-butylaluminum. The dialkylzinc is diethyl zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacturing method of the fluorinated urethane polymer further involves using diisocyanate chosen from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenation xylylene diisocyanate and tolylene diisocyanate, and inorganic pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The spin coating method is a dipping method, a coating method or a casting method. Preferred Components: The substituted polythiophene is poly(3-alkylthiophene),poly(3-alkoxy-thiophene), poly(3,4-dialkylthiophene), poly(3-butylthiophene), poly(3-isopenylthiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene), poly(3-nonylthiophene), poly(3-phenylthiophene), poly(3-(4-octyl-phenyl)thiophene), poly(3-dodecylthiophene), poly(3-butoxythiophene), poly(3-hexyloxythiophene), poly(3,4-dibutylthiophene), poly(3,4-dioctylthiophene), poly(3,4-di(isopentyl)thiophene) or poly(3,4-didodecyl)thiophene). The electric conductive matrix comprises a conductive metal sheet, indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, polyester sheet coated with conducting medium, drum-shaped strip of conductive metal or electric conductive alloy. The volume ratio of water and methanol in water-methanol solution containing sodium hydroxide is (4-6):(6-4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The temperature sensor probe and the lead are made of polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, air, pure oxygen, ozone, sodium hypochlorite or chlorine. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out for 240-360 minutes. The reaction is carried out at a stirring rate of 125-150 revolutions/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The separating and washing device is a centrifuge, a filter press and/or a ceramic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The male and female protractors are made of high strength plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic solar cell has photoactive layer containing acceptor material and donor material. The acceptor material is chosen from fullerene derivative, perylene derivative, zinc oxide, titania, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide or zinc selenide. The donor material is chosen from cyanine pigment, indigo, thioindigo pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, phenylenevinylene group polymer derivative and thiophene group polymer derivative. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Two heterocyclic compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 2,2',5,5'-tetrathiophene-3,3'-hexyl-dithiophene of formula (Ia) and 2,2',5,5'-tetrathiophene-3,3'-propyl-difuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The quantum dot contains magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, magnesium telluride, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, strontium oxide, strontium sulfide, strontium selenide, strontium telluride, barium oxide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, alumina, aluminum sulfide, aluminum selenide, aluminum telluride, gallium oxide, gallium sulfide, gallium selenide, gallium telluride, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, silica, germanium oxide, tin oxide, tin sulfide, tin selenide, tin telluride, lead oxide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium nitride, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, bismuth, silicon and/or germanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic compound ligand of the conjugated structure is polyene compound, aromatic compound and/or conjugated aromatic compound, and has fluorene group, phenylene-vinylene group, pyrrole group, thiophene group, aniline group, polyphenylene sulfide, arylene, octyl fluorine, ethylene, propylene and/or acetylene. The organic compound ligand further contains functional group chosen from cyano group, carbazole group, amino group, ether group, hydroxyl group, nitro group and carbonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive layer is indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-alumina, tin based oxide, antimony tin oxide or zinc oxide. The semiconductor nano particle of the semiconductor nano particle layer is silicon, titania, stannic oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, niobium pentoxide or strontium titanate; and the mean grain size of the semiconductor nano particle is 5-100 nm. The counter electrode is made from platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon or conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stationary phase is alumina, silica gel, carclazyte, alumina and silica gel bonded stationary phase, octadecylsilane treated reverse phase HPLC column, quinoline ether bonded silica gel stationary phase or reverse phase CN/C18 column. The mobile phase is chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, benzene or toluene. The heavy oil raw material is oil refinery catalytic cracking residual oil, crude oil vacuum distillate residual oil, crude oil distillate polyaromatic residual oil or supercritical extraction residual oil, preferably crude oil vacuum distillate residual oil or crude oil distillate polyaromatic residual oil. The transparent substrate layer is made from glass substrate or plastic substrate. The electrolyte layer is iodine/lithium iodide electrolyte, ionic liquid and organic hole transport material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic is polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, triacetyl amino cellulose and polyether sulfone. The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenyl acetylene or polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and/or lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of alkylene sulfate, ammonium compound and vinylene carbonate is 1:0.01-1:1-3. The total content of alkylene sulfate, vinylene carbonate and ammonium compound is 1-10 wt.%, with respect to total weight of nonaqueous electrolyte. The organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, in weight ratio of 10:90-50:50, and is preferably polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl peroxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, gamma -butyrolactone and/or tetrahydrofuran. The alkylene sulfate is ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate and/or butylene sulfate. The ammonium compound is ammonium benzoate, ammonium acetate and/or ammonium propionate. The content of ammonium compound is 0.01-1 part weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of cyclic carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metal anti-corrosive material is coated with non-metal anticorrosive material such as weather resistant polyester, silicon modified polyester, polyethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride sol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bipolar plate is formed of polyvinyl cyanide fiber or polypropylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The insulating filler is selected from zinc oxide, silicon carbide and magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dialkyl peroxide crosslinking agent is selected from 2.5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxy)-hexane, 1,1-di(tert-butyl peroxy)-cyclohexane, 1,1-di(tert-butyl peroxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di(tert-butyl peroxy)butane, 2,2-di(peroxy tert-butyl)butane, peroxidized ditert amyl, peroxidized 2,5-dimetyl hexane-2,5-ditert-butyl peroxide or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoyl peroxy)-hexane; the ester peroxide crosslinking agent is selected from 3,5,5-trimethyl tertbutyl caproate, o,o-tert-butyl-oisopropyl-mono-peroxycarbonate, o,otert-butyl-o-(2-ethylhexyl)-monoperoxycarbonate, o,o-tert-amyl-o-(2-ethylhexyl)-mono-peroxycarbonate, 3,3-di(tert-amyl peroxy) butyl butyrate, 3,3-di(tert-butyl peroxy) ethyl butyrate or n-butyl 4,4-di(peroxy tert-butyl)valerate. The phosphite ester antioxidant is selected from tri(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite, di(2,4-dicumyl phenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, dialky pentaerythitol diphosphite and tris(nonyl phenyl) phosphite; the hindered amine antioxidant is selected from tri(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) phosphite, sebacic di-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl pipradrolester, di-1-decyl alkoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-4-sebate, polymer of succinic acid and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-pipradrol, polymer of N,N'-di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4- dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, polymer of N,N'-di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-morpholinyl) amino-1,3,5-triazine, N,N'-di(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebate/methyl-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebate compound, and polymer of succinic acid and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-pipradrol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The padding comprises hydrophilic type coarse whiting and/or light calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is the organic compound which contains two epoxy groups or contains above two epoxy groups. The thixotropic agent is hydrophilic type gas phase silicon. The pre-catalytic curing agent comprises the following raw materials (pbw): poly-mercaptane curing agent (100), catalyst (4-10) and organic acid (10-2.5). The catalyst is N-aminoethylpiperazine, tri-(dimethylamino methyl) phenol, and impetuous group dimethylamine. The organic acid is citric acid, barbituric acid or 2-ethylhexoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The toughening type epoxy resin comprise polyurethane modified epoxy resin and/or terminal carboxyl group liquid rubber epoxy resin (preferably 102C-1 model modified epoxy resin and/or 861340 model modified epoxy resin). The epoxy resin comprises bifunctional epoxy group bisphenol A epoxy resin and/or bisphenol F epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Garbage Processing Device: The heat preservation tank is a double-layer structure, the heat preservation tank is between the inner layer and the outer layer is filled with heat preservation material. The heating component comprises a disc pipe, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a circulating pump, where the coil is set on the inner layer of the heat preservation tank of the outer wall of the coil pipe is provided with the water outlet at the upper part and the lower part of the water inlet, the water outlet pipe of the first end is connected with the water outlet and the second end of the water outlet pipe of the solar heat collector is connected with the first end, the first end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet and the second end of the water outlet pipe is connected with the second end of the solar energy heat collector, the circulation pump is connected with the water inlet pipe. The device further comprises a water inlet branch and the return branch, the water inlet branch of the output end is connected with the input end of the circulating pump, the input end of the return branch is connected with the water outlet pipe. The device further comprises the first and the second temperature controller, the first temperature controller and the temperature-keeping tank and the circulating pump is connected with the second temperature controller and the water inlet pipe, the water inlet branch and the return branch. The solar heat collector is a flat plate type solar heat collector, where the flat-type solar heat collector is set on the top of the heat preservation tank. The heat insulating material is rock wool, mineral wool, polystyrene, or polyurethane foaming plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The initiator is diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate. The dispersing agent is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and magnesium hydroxide. The chain transfer agent is ethyl acetate. The amount of the initiator per 100 pts.wt. deionized water is 0.01-2 (preferably 0.2-1) pts.wt. The amount of the dispersing agent is 0.05-1.6 (preferably 0.5-0.8) pts.wt. The amount of the chain transfer agent is 0.005-1.5 (preferably 0.1-0.5) pts.wt. The amount of the monomer is 70-100 (preferably 80-90) pts. wt. The weight ratio of the vinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride vinyl monomer is 95-99.5:0.5-5, preferably 97-98:2-3. Preferred Method The reaction pressure for polymerizing is 2.5-4.5 (preferably 3.5-4) MPa. The heating rate of the kettle is 5-15 (preferably 10-12) degrees C/hour. The reaction is carried out at 55-65 (preferably 58-62) degrees C and 6-8 (preferably 6.5-7.5) MPa. Stirring speed is 600-700 (preferably 630-680) rpm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is chosen from amine curing agent, anhydride curing agent, high molecular weight inorganic element, cyclohexanone peroxide and benzoyl peroxide. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoro(tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris)-pentafluoroethyl) phosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and lithium bis(oxalate)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is chosen from carbonate, halogenated carbonate derivatives, ether and ketone. The film-forming additive is chosen from vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propiolactone acid and sulfonic acid ester. Preferred Composition: The lithium ion battery electrolyte further comprises curing agent. The predetermined temperature is 80-150 degrees C. The content of thermosetting material is 1-50% to total weight of the electrolyte. The content of non-aqueous organic solvent is 40-80 %mass of the total mass of the electrolyte. The content of the film-forming additive is 1-10% of the total content of the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting material is chosen from phenolic resin, epoxy resin, amino resin, unsaturated polyester and siloxane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bivalent iron salt is a ferrous chloride, ammonium hydroxide or ferrous sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic photoelectric material comprising bi-heterocyclic aromatic compound of formula (II).n=2-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device comprises a titania light anode that is made of ethylene glycol, water and ammonium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxy alkyl nitrile compound is methoxyacetonitrile, methoxypropionitrile, methoxybutyronitrile, methoxyvaleronitrile, ethoxyacetonitrile, ethoxy propionitrile, ethoxy butyronitrile or ethoxyvaleronitrile. The organic solvent contains linear carbonate and/or cyclic carbonate chosen from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and/or dipropyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of iodine is 0.5-10 weight% with respect to content of imidazolium salt (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imidazolium salt (I) is preferably of formula (II). The electrolyte composition further comprises an organic solvent. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, valeronitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, or N-methylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous carbon base material is graphite, carbon nano-tube, vapor-phase grown carbon fiber, acetylene black, expanded graphite, and mixture of graphites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high molecular polymer comprises PVC, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene, phenolic resin, asphalt, glucose, sucrose, and starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic additive comprises rutile type titanium dioxide, anatase titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide and calcium carbonate. The antioxidant comprises three(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphite ester, tetra(6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol ester, and N,N-di-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-light phenyl) propionyloxy) hexamethylene diamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent comprises a vinyl amide and polytetrafluoroethylene wax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate glycol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amino acid comprises glycin, lactamine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, or proline group acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyaniline has a degree of polymerization of 20-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea in a ratio of 1:3. The solution is autoclaved at 115-125 degrees C for 3 hours. The calcination process is carried out at 500 degrees C for 30 minutes in a muffle furnace. The zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea is uniformly dissolved in water for 0.5-1 hour using magnetic stirrer. The method involves washing the precipitates using water. The drying process is carried out it using oven at 60 degrees C 8-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The indium-tin-oxide conductive glass is ultrasonically-cleaned using deionized water. During chemical polishing, the deposition of cadmium sulfide quantum dot with layer of zinc oxide nanorod is dipped in n-hexane solution with concentration of 0.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solvent utilized in the method for preparing the copolymer is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene. The organic palladium is palladium triphenyl phoaphine. Preferred Process: The naphthalene copolymer is prepared by dissolving the solution containing the copolymer in methanol, depositing, washing and drying to obtain the toluene solution containing impurity copolymer colloid, where the toluene solution containing impurity copolymer colloid added with toluene, diethyl sodium dithiocarbamate at 80-100 degrees C followed by stirring, mixing and decompressing to remove organic solvent, to obtain product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible inserting tube is provided with flexible material and PVC material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The polysiloxane base polymer is prepared by adding 100 parts of the alpha , omega -dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane into the reaction kettle at 60-120 degrees C under a pressure of 0.06-0.1 Mpa, dehydrating the mixture for 0.5-1 hour, removing the mixture from vacuum, adding tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or glacial acetic acid and dibutylamine with an amount of 0.01-1 pbw and tetraethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl diethyoxyl silane, gamma -(2,3-epoxy propyl) propyl dimethoxy silane, N- beta -amino ethyl- gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane or vinyl triethoxy silane, controlling the mixture to temperature of 40-120 degrees C, and stirring the mixture for 1-24 hours. Preferred Components: The single-component alcohol sealant comprises 10-50 (preferably 10) pbw of the alpha , omega -alkoxy polydimethylsiloxane plasticizer, 50-300 (preferably 100-300) pbw of the heat conduction padding, 50-150 (preferably 50-100) pbw of the inflaming-retarding padding, 10-150 (preferably 50-150) pbw of the reinforcing padding, 5-10 (preferably 10) pbw of the silane crosslinking agent, 2-8 (preferably 3) pbw of the silane tackifier, 0-10 (preferably 0.8) pbw of the platinum or platinum complex and 0.1-8 (preferably 6.1) pbw of the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic filler is titanium, aluminum, tin or silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, dicumyl peroxide or t-butyl cumenyl peroxide. The oxidant is phenol oxidant, amine oxidant, phosphite ester oxidant or thioester oxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin graft comprises (in parts weight): polyolefin resin (100), maleic anhydride containing fluoride acrylic monomer or fluorine (1-5), initiator (0.01-0.1) and antioxidant (0.01-0.1). The polyvinylidene fluoride is homopolymer or copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride. The polyolefin resin is copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, copolymer of ethylene and alpha -olefin, or copolymer of ethylene vinyl acetate. The fluorine containing monomer is dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl acrylic acid, methacrylic acid tridecyl ester, acrylic acid tridecyl ester, hexafluorobutyl acrylate, methylpropanoic acid hexafluorobutyl acrylate, methylpropanoic acid-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester, or their mixtures. The fluorine-containing maleic anhydride is trifluoromethyl maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises carbon nanotube, sodium sulfate and/or stannous sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains 2 or 3 alkyl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer gel contains polyvinyl alcohol and potassium polyacrylate in the mass ratio of 10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer is 0.5-1.5 mass%. The concentration of the gold particle is 0.7-1.5 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the polythiophene and fullerene is 1-1.5 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of lithium hexafluorophosphate is 1.1-1.5 M (preferably 1.2 M), with respect to total weight of electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent includes mixture of ethyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate. The content of ethyl acetate, content of dimethyl carbonate, content of propylene carbonate, content of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate and content of ethylene carbonate is 30-40 wt.%, 20-35 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 20-35 wt.%, respectively, with respect to total content of electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive is mixture of propylene carbonate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, polyoxyethylene ether and vinylene carbonate. The content of polyoxyethylene ether is 2 wt.%, with respect to total weight of electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colloidal electrolyte comprises (in %): sulfuric acid (44, preferably 45), purified water (47, preferably 46), China colloidal silica (JN-30) gel (7.7095, preferably 6.77, more preferably 5.7), stannous monosulfate (0.055, preferably 0.1, more preferably 0.14), magnesium sulfate (0.055-0.14, preferably 0.1, more preferably 0.14), polyacrylamide (0.055, preferably 0.1, more preferably 0.14), plumbic acid (0.055, preferably 0.01, more preferably 0.14), germanium powder (0.0055, preferably 0.01, more preferably 0.015), phosphoric acid (0.55, preferably 1, more preferably 1.7), indium oxide (0.015, preferably 0.02, more preferably 0.025), and anhydrous sodium sulfate (0.5, preferably 0.8, more preferably 1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, chlorobenzene or methylbenzene. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladiumchloride. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. Preferred Composition: The amount of catalyst by mole ratio is 0.05-50% of weight of 4,4-dialkyl-2,6-bistrimethyl tincyclopentadiene (2,1-b: 3,4b')dithiophene. The mole ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphine ligand in the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1: 2-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of carbazole-containing porphyrin-benzene copolymer involves reacting 5,15-dibromo-10,20-alkyl carbazolyl porphyrin or derivative and bis-borate benzene in the presence of catalyst and solvent in an oxygen-free environment at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and obtaining a carbazole-containing porphyrin-benzene copolymer, where mol ratio of the 5,15-dibromo-10,20-alkyl carbazolyl porphyrin to the bis-borate benzene is 1:1.5-1.5:1. Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises organic palladium and/or organic phosphorus ligand, where the organic palladium comprises tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), palladium(ii) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and/or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladiumchloride, and the organic phosphorus ligand comprises tri-cyclohexyl phosphine and/or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The solvent comprises benzene, toluene, glycol dimethyl ether and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stuff is light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, silicon micro-powder, nanometer calcium carbonate, gas-phase white carbon black and/or precipitate white carbon black. The light calcium carbonate is superfine active calcium carbonate processed by stearic acid or a silane coupling agent. The fire retardant is aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, decabromodiphenyl ether, zinc borate and/or antimonous oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The poly-organic siloxane is hydroxylterminated polydimethylsiloxane. The plasticizer is white oil, methyl silicon oil and/or phenyl silicon oil. The ketoxime cross-linking agent contains moist hydrolyzable ketoxime silane and/or silane polysiloxane. The catalyst is organic tin carboxylate that is selected from dioctyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, dibutyl tin benzoate and/or dibutyl tin dihydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrated salt of zinc is hydrated zinc acetate, hydrated zinc sulfate or hydrated zinc nitrate, and has purity of more than 99.99%. Preferred Process: The hydrated salt of the zinc is further added with doping agent chosen from hydrated sulfate (Al2(SO4)3.xH2O, where x is not defined), hydrated nitrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) or hydrated halide of aluminum (AlCl3.6H2O) and having purity of more than 99.99%. The content of doping agent is 0-6 atomic% of doped aluminum element in zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is dimethylformamide, deionized water or alcohol. The catalyst is acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The zinc oxide precursor polymer gel is prepared using (in parts weight) zinc hydrated salt (0.5-10), polymer (0.2-7), solvent (10-47) and catalyst (0-4). The polymer is chosen from polyvinyl acetate, polythene alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive lithium salt is chosen from perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and hexafluorophosphate lithium bis (oxalate) borate. The biodegradable blending polymer electrolyte film is prepared using aprotic solvent that is chosen from acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methylene dichloride, acetone, dimethylbenzene, N, N-dimethyl formamide, diethyl carbonate or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biodegradable polymer is chosen from polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, biological cellulose or polyamino acid. The non-biodegradable polymer is chosen from polyoxyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium trifluoroacetate, lithium pentafluoroacetate or lithium trifluorosulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl propylene carbonate or ethyl propylene carbonate. The ionic liquid is chosen from 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1,2dimethyl-3-ethylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1,2dimethyl-3-butylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3butylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1,2dimethyl-3-hexylimidazole hexametaphosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hexylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, N-ethylpyridine hexametaphosphate, N-ethylpyridine tetrafluoroborate, N-butylpyridine hexametaphosphate, N-butylpyridine tetrafluoroborate, N-hexylpyridine hexametaphosphate or N-hexylpyridine tetrafluoroborate. The 12-crown-4 derivatives is chosen from benzamide-12-crown-4, 2-hydroxylmethyl-12-crown-4, 1,2cyclohexyl-12-crown-4 or 4-methyl benzamide 12-crown-4. The long chain alkyl polymethacrylate is chosen from polytetradecyl methacrylate, polydodecyl methacrylate or polynoctyl methacrylate. The flame retardant is chosen from decabromodiphenyl ether, pentabromotoluene, hexabromocyclododecane, triphenyl phosphate, or tricresyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction temperature of a suzuki coupling reaction is 60-130 degrees C and the reaction time is 12-72 hours. The preparation method further utilizes a catalyst comprising a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand in a molar ratio of 1:2-20, where the adding amount of catalyst is 0.05-30%. Preferred Components: The organic palladium is tris-dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium or bis (triphenylphosphine) palladiumchloride, and the organic phosphorus ligand is tri (o-tolyl) phosphine. The preparation method further utilizes an organic solvent of tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or methylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The anode material is graphite rod. The cathode material is carbon felt. The thickness of the carbon felt is 0.5 cm, and covered the external side of the hollow polyvinylchloride pipeline to form with an air-type cathode structure. The wire is stainless steel wire, titanium wire or copper wire. The matrix is embedded with graphite flake. The graphite flake is 15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The joint of the wire and the electrode are sealed by epoxy resin, the exposed parts of the wire (8) needs to cover and seal by epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transmission shaft and the bearing are made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is formed as a tedlar polyester tedlar (TPT) (RTM: solar panel material) film back plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl vinyl ether monomer is linear alkyl vinyl ether monomer, branched alkyl vinyl ether monomer, cycloalkyl alkyl vinyl ether monomer and/or hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether. The content of the adhesion promoter calculated based on the total weight of the solid of layer is 0.5-15%. The adhesion promoter is (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane, trimethoxy((3-((2R)-oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl))silane, (4-ethenylphenyl)trimethoxysilane, ethenyltrimethoxysilane or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The fluoro resin is copolymer formed from fluoro alkene monomer chosen from chlorotrifluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether monomer. The substrate comprises resin chosen from polyacrylate resin, polyester resin, polyolefin resin, polycycloolefin resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose triacetate and/or polylactic acid. The content of the fluoro resin calculated based on the total weight of the solid of the layer is 20-95%. The other adhesion promoter is thermoplastic resin having glass transition temperature of less than 150 degrees C, and chosen from polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin and/or polyester resin, preferably acrylic resin. The adhesion promoter is contained in the ratio of 1-9 wt.%. Preferred Definitions:    R1=-R-NH2, -RNCO, RCH=CH2, -ROC(=O)-CH=CH2, -ROC(=O)-C(-CH3)=CH2 or group of formula (a);and    R=covalent bond, optionally branched 1-4C alkylene or phenylene optionally substituted by 1-3 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titania nanoparticles in the slurry is 17-30%. Preferred Substrate: The conductive substrate is tin oxide conductive glass doped with fluorine or tin indium oxide conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble titanium source is titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide. The reaction inhibitor or sizing agent is urea or aqueous ammonia. The dispersion medium is terpilenol or deionized water. The bonding agent is ethyl cellulose or polyethylene glycol. Preferred Process: The slurry material is obtained by treating titanium dioxide gel using deionized water and ethanol, washing the precipitate, dispersing in a dispersion medium, adding bonding agent, stirring, ultrasonically treating and evaporating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid solution is nitric acid solution, muriatic acid solution or sulfuric acid solution. The nitridation environment is ammonia/nitrogen, ammonia, acetonitrile or hydrogen cyanide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred component: The soluble metal salt is metal nitrate, carbonate, sulfate, acetate, halide, pernitroso diamine salt, diacetone, macrocyclic complex porphyrin, phthalocyanine, polymer, iron cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, iridium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, zirconium and/or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The ethylene-propylene diene rubber is ethylene-propylene diene rubber obtained by performing polymerization using single site catalyst. The ethylene-propylene diene rubber id blended with butyl rubber (less than 75 parts mass) with respect to the total content of 100 parts mass of ethylene-propylene diene rubber and butyl rubber. Preferred Composition: The resin sheet is ethylene vinyl acetate resin sheet (7). The content of the ethylene-propylene diene rubber is 10 %mass or more, with respect to total content of ethylene-propylene diene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A second moisture barrier comprises a material selected from a group consisting of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene terephthalate, (PET), and thermoplastic olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte material contains 1-50 mass% electrolytic salt with respect to 100 mass% ion-conductive polymers having an ether bond in the side chain. The electrolyte material contains ionic compound consists of fluorine-containing anion hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), tetrafluorobromate (BF4-), hexafluoroarsenate (AsF6-), hexafluoroantimonate (SbF6-) and/or trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3-), and alkali-metal cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ion-conductive polymer has a crosslinkable functional group, and crosslinked polymer obtained by reacting with crosslinkable functional group. The monomer component contains vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic acid ester. Preferred Definitions:    X=bond; and    n=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back side stress relieving layer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide-imide, acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl fluoride, amorphous nylon, polybutylene terephathalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polyacetal, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyetherimide, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer, aromatic fluorine- containing polyarylates ionomer, epoxy, polyurethanes or corresponding combinations. A front side stress relieving layer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of silane grafted polyolefin, polyolefin copolymer with silane containing monomer, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic urethane elastomer, polychlorotriafluoroethylene, ionomer, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, polyacrylates, silicone rubber or corresponding combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The framework of the generator set in the greenhouse is in arc-shaped. The axis of the greenhouse is arranged in south and north directions. A nursing room integrated with the greenhouse is set at the north side, and a lighting room is set at the south side to make the greenhouse to achieve 180 degrees lighting. The two bottom ends of the arc-shaped framework are set on the bases on the two sides of the greenhouse axis. The bases are provided with an airtight foam material insulating layer. The frame is provided with a hollow sunlight plate. The greenhouse is provided with a thermal insulation curtain and slides of the thermal insulation curtain. The generator is set in the greenhouse, which is provided with an air circulating and heating device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises 0.2-5 mass% of cellulose, 0.01-0.05 mass% of polyacrylamide, 25-40mass% of zinc soluble salt and rest amount of water. The soluble zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate or zinc chloride. The negative electrode is alloy of pure metal of zinc. The negative electrode comprises a current collector and a collector utilizing zinc powder as active material, where the active material is material made of zinc powder and adhesive. The cathode active material further comprises electronic conductive agent with less than 50 mass% of cathode film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular polymer is cellulose and polyacrylamide. The cathode film comprises poly tetra-fluorine, water-soluble rubber, polyvinylidene, tetrafluorine or cellulose and binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nano micro-sphere is made of metal material selected from a group consisting of copper, nickel, zinc, tin, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, cadmium, tellurium, indium, antimony, titanium, gold and platinum. The nano micro-sphere is made from non-metal composite material selected from a group consisting of silicon, germanium, selenium, graphite, nanometer carbon tube, uncertainty carbon, boron nitride, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxide and lithium compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nano micro-sphere is made of polystyrene, a polythiophene-based conductive polymer, fullerenes and derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous electrolyte solution is a solution obtained by dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, sulfuric acid or Nafion (RTM: Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane) in a concentration of 1-8 M in distilled water. The hydrophilic microparticles are a porous inorganic material, silica, talc, alumina, titania, clay or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble polymer is a polymer or a blend of at least two polymers comprising polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, starch, polyacrylate, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylcellulose, agar and Nafion (RTM: Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane). The hydrophilic microparticles are polyethyleneimine, ethyleneglycol or polyethyleneglycol. The hydrophilic microparticles are contained at 0.1-50 wt.%. The hydrophilic microparticles are an organic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light absorber is poly3-hexylthiophene or lead phthalocyanine (PbPc).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluoroolefin is a compound in which 1 or more of hydrogen atom of olefin-hydrocarbon of formula: Cn'H2n', is substituted with fluorine atom. The monomer (a1) has crosslinkable functional group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxy group, amino group, epoxy group, oxetanyl group, alkoxysilyl group and isocyanate group. The monomer (a2) is a compound having fluoroolefin and carbon-carbon double bond, and is other than monomer (a1). The tetrafunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is of formula (I): RO(Si(OR)2O)nR, preferably tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane. The content of the hardening agent is 1-60 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of fluoroolefin-type copolymer. The content of multimer of trifunctional hydrolyzable silane compound is 5-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of fluoroolefin-type copolymer.n=multimer number;n'=2-8;andR=1-4C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating composition has repeating unit derived from fluoroolefin in fluoroolefin-type copolymer, repeating unit derived from monomer (a1), and repeating unit derived from monomer (a2), and further contains curing catalyst which is chosen from tin catalyst and zirconium catalyst, metal catalyst which accelerates hydrolysis, and solvent. The content of the fluoroolefin-type copolymer is 10-90 %mass with respect to total content of the fluoroolefin-type copolymer and hardening agent. Preferred Property: The thickness of cured coating film layer (b) is 0.05-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The noble metal catalyst of the anode is selected from platinum, palladium, and silver. The porous shape of a lath metal mesh is formed by the metal or carbon fiber that consists of aluminum, nickel, and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anode binder has a styrene-butadiene rubber, an acrylate, a polyolefin, and the binder is selected from ammonia neutralization carboxymethyl cellulose. The water repellent uses the water repellent selected from a fluorine type-resin and silicone resin. The separator is provided with the material of the structure selected from a pulp, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, a polyolefin, polyester, rayon, and a polypropylene that is porous. The water repellent finishing of the surface of a backflow preventive valve is carried out to the lower surface side surface of the backflow preventive valve with a fluororesin, a silicone resin, and a material selected from diamond like carbon. Exterior packaging of the outer peripheral part of an exterior case is carried out by the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The germanium- and tin alloy layer consists of tin about 0.5-20 percent, less than 50 percent of silicon and a remainder of germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The insulating layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrode group further includes a separator (23) disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where the insulating layer is disposed between the separator and the positive electrode, and/or between the separator and the negative electrode. The insulating layer is included in the positive electrode. In the battery, a negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of silicon and tin, alone or as an alloy or a compound as negative electrode active material. The battery is rectangular in shape. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery further comprises a film-like exterior member that sheathes the electrode group. The nonaqueous electrolyte further includes a polymer compound that holds the electrolytic solution. The electrode group is: a wound electrode unit (20) of the positive electrode and the negative electrode wound together; or a laminate electrode unit of the positive electrode and the negative electrode laminated together. The battery has an open circuit voltage of 4.25-6 V in the fully charged state of a pair of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The power storage device further comprises a power information control unit that transmits and receives a signal to and from another device via a network, where the power storage device control the charge and discharge of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery based on the information received by the power information control unit. The electrolyte salt further includes an electrolyte salt other than (I), where (I) is contained in 0.001-0.5 mol/l with respect to the electrolytic solution. The electrolyte salt other than (I) includes lithium hexafluorophosphate. The ceramic is at least one of alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, and zirconia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A compressed air source is installed in the coating mechanism. The inlet end of a resin container is connected with the compressed air source by a first pipe. A coating resin connecting pipe is connected with the resin container outlet end by a second pipe. A nozzle is connected with a coating resin connecting pipe. A pressure adjusting valve is installed in the connecting part between the first pipe and compressed air source. The second pipe is provided with a throttle valve. The coating resin communicating pipe in the nozzle is arranged with an electromagnetic valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in metal foil or metal mesh of fire spread-prevention sheet is iron or its alloy, aluminum, or its alloy. The fire spread-prevention sheet comprises glass tissue, silica fiber cloth, or flexible sheet in which resin sheet (24) is laminated. The fire spread-prevention sheet is stainless steel foil or aluminum foil, preferably stainless steel mesh of 400 meshes or more, or glass cloth with aperture ratio of 5% or less, or stainless steel foil having thickness of 50 mu m or more, aluminum foil having thickness of 30 mu m or more or stainless steel mesh of 100 meshes or more. Preferred Properties: The fire spread-prevention sheet has thickness of 50 mu m or more. The thickness of the metal foil is 30 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A resin sheet is laminated on metal mesh. A resin film (r2) is joined to anti-light-receiving surface side of fire spread-prevention sheet through sealing material (12a). The flexible solar cell module has layer (r2) comprising nonflammable or flame-resistant resin coating laminated with respect to flame-retardant resin sheet by layer (r1) comprising stainless steel foil or aluminum foil. The sealing material of side of fire spread-prevention sheet is joined through hydrolysis-resistant adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic leads are copper electrical leads.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second intermediate layers comprise boron nitride, graphene oxide and a polymer-based material. The substrate comprises silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, glass, quartz, hafnium dioxide, magnesium oxide and beryllium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The electrolytic polymerization of the monomer (III), monomer (IV) or its multimer is carried out on the photoelectric conversion layer. Preferred Components: The polymer has an average absorbance in a wavelength region of 400-700 nm of 0.2-1. The sensitizing dye has two acidic groups. The semiconductor is titanium oxide. The sensitizing dye has a structure of formula (IIa).Ar11, Ar12 = divalent aromatic group, preferably thiophene ring;Ar13 = aromatic group; andZ11, Z12 = group having an acidic group and an electron-attracting group or a group having an acidic group and an electron-attracting ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organophosphorus flame retardant contains condensed-phosphate compound of formula (I).Q1-Q4=1-6C alkyl;n=1 or more;n1,n2=0-2;andm1-m4=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains (in parts mass) styrene resin (0.5-20), thermostabilizer (0.001-0.1), and ultraviolet absorber and/or optical stabilizer (0.01-3). The content of the polystyrene block in the hydrogenated block copolymer is 20-50 %mass. Preferred Property: The value of peak height of the loss tangent (tan-delta) of the hydrogenated block copolymer is 0.09-0.115.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The back-surface protection sheet has a resin film base material (1) and heat-conversion layer formed on surface(s) of resin film base material, or heat-sealing layer (2) on a side of resin film base material and weather-resistant film (5) on the other side of resin film base material. Preferred Composition: The heat-sealing layer contains heat-sealing component comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin film base material is a laminate containing polyethylene terephthalate and/or single layer film of poly(1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid group comprises an aromatic heterocyclic compound formed from imidazole, benzimidazole or pyrazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The proton conductors comprise a polymer backbone such as polysiloxane, polystyrene and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective coating comprises a silver-, silver alloy- or aluminum layer. The first layer has a thickness of 6 mu m-10 cm, preferably 500 mu m-10 cm and the second layer has a thickness of 0.5 mu m-2 cm, and the optional third layer has a thickness of 0.5 mu m-2 cm, where the first layer is thicker than the second and the optional third layer. The first layer comprises UV absorbers and/or UV stabilizers comprising at least a triazine UV absorber and at least one hindered-amine light stabilizers. The second and the optional third layer has a thickness of 0.5-500 mu m, preferably 10 mu m-2 cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first layer is composed of polymethyl methacrylate or a polymethyl methacrylate-containing polymer mixture, polyvinylidene fluoride, UV stabilizers and UV absorbers. The additional layers act as scratch-resistant coatings, weather protective layers, conductive layers, anti-soiling coatings and/or optically functional layers. The optically functional layers contain reflection-enhancing layers. The composite molded body is in the form of a film, or a plate. Preferred Method: An additional coating is applied on the reflective coating and/or the third layer by PVD or CVD process. The coating applied by PVD or CVD process is provided with an additional protective layer. At least one additional layer is applied on the reflective coating or the third layer by PVD or CVD process. The protective layer is applied by extrusion coating, lamination or coating. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass paste has linear thermal linear expansion coefficient of 3-15 ppm/ degrees C at 25-350 degrees C during drying process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyimide film (A) has linear thermal expansion coefficient of 0-9 ppm/ degrees C at 100-200 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The polyimide film (A) is block-copolymerized polyimide silica hybrid film obtained by thermosetting an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified block-copolymerization type polyamic acid (b). The alkoxy group-containing silane-modified block-copolymerization type polyamic acid (b) is p-phenylene diamine containing 30-100 mol%, preferably 60-100 mol% of diamine. The gas-barrier laminated polyimide film is further coated with polyamic-acid varnish (C) and cured.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The carbonyl group-containing partial structure (I) of conjugated polymer bonds acceptor unit and donor unit alternately. The carbonyl group-containing partial structure (I) of conjugated polymer is of formula (V) or (VI). Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=thiophene.    EXAMPLE - 2-Acetyl-5,8-dibromoisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione (in g) (0.36) and 4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene (0.77) were dissolved in toluene (20 ml), and deaerated nitrogen gas was bubbled. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.12) was added to obtained solution, heated and refluxed for 20 hours. The reaction liquid was cooled to room temperature, and reprecipitated by adding reaction liquid to methanol (200 ml), and deposit were collected. The collected deposits were dissolved in chloroform, filtered, purified, concentrated, reprecipitated and dried to obtain conjugated polymer (0.1) having number average molecular weight of 29000 and polydispersion degree of 1.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: EFB is crushed so that the fiber contained in EFB has mean fiber length of 50-100 mm. Preferred Composition: The lignin contains polymer electrolyte having lignin sulfonate as main component. Preferred Process: In the lignin addition process, the solution containing lignin is mixed with EFB crushed material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode active material comprises silicon, a silicon compound and/or silicon/silicon monoxide/carbon complex comprising silicon, a silicon oxide and a carbon material. The electrolyte solution comprises a non-aqueous electrolysis solvent comprising carbonate compound and a supporting electrolyte. The positive electrode has the positive electrode active material layer comprising positive electrode active material and binder-I for positive electrodes. The positive electrode active material is lithium-manganese-oxide (Lia(MxMn2-x) O4), where x is 0-2, a is 0-1.2, M is selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium and copper. The negative electrode has the negative electrode active material layer comprising negative electrode active material and binder-II for negative electrodes. The film-clad body comprises an aluminum laminate film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder-II is polyimide or a polyamide-imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer with ultraviolet-ray absorptive unit has methylene-group-containing structure of formula: A-(R1)m-D-(R2)n-C(-R3)=CH2 (I). The ultraviolet-ray absorptive unit is benzophenone-type ultraviolet-absorber unit or benzotriazole-type ultraviolet-absorption unit. The content of ultraviolet-ray absorptive unit is 40-80 %mass.R1=1-10C alkylene or oxyalkylene (optionally substituted) and/or ether bond;R2=1-8C alkylene (optionally substituted);R3=1-3C alkyl or hydrogen;A=ultraviolet absorbing units, preferably benzophenone-type ultraviolet absorption unit or benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorption unit;D=ester bond, amide bond, ether bond or urethane bond;andm,n=0 or 1.Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of acrylic polymer-type ultraviolet absorbing layer is 10000-200000. The glass transition temperature of acrylic polymer-type ultraviolet absorbing layer is 60-90 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface protection sheet further contains fluorine resin layer laminated on other side of base material sheet. The inorganic substance vapor deposition film is laminated on other side of base material sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of polypropylene and thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polycarbonate glass is placed under the traverse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second at least partially transmissive layer is silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-scattering or light reflective particles are glass, alumina, titania, zirconia, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, silicon particles, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-proof layer further contains ultraviolet-absorbing agent and photostabilizer. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent is benzophenone compound or benzotriazole compound. The photostabilizer is hindered amine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The sheet further has base material layer containing metal, fluorine resin sheet, and/or polyester sheet, and secondary resin layer containing silicone resin. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aryl group with respect to total amount of silicon atom contained in silicone resin is 0.5 or more. The silicone resin is of formula: ((R)3SiO1/2)a((R)2SiO2/2)b(RSiO3/2)c(SiO4/2)d. The sheet further comprises resin layer having light-scattering or light reflective particles.R=H, hydroxy, epoxy, acryloyl, methacryloyl, isocyanate, alkoxy or hydrocarbyl;a=0-0.6;a+b+c+d=1;b=0-0.97;c=0-0.8;andd=0-0.4.b and c are not simultaneously 0. Preferred Property: The silicone resin has weight average molecular weight of 500-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The renewable bioplastic resin is chosen from bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-based PET), bio-based polyethylene (bio-based PE), bio-based polypropylene (bio-based PP) and bio-based polystyrene (bio-based PS), bio-based nylon, bio-based polycarbonate (bio-based PC) and bio-based polyvinyl chloride (bio-based PVC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive material comprises metal oxide. The metal based material comprises nickel. The low melting point metal based material comprises indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in electrode catalyst is preferably 0.15-5 atomic%, 0.01-1.5 atomic% and 0.1-2.6 atomic%, respectively. The element (M1) is preferably titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium and/or tantalum. The element (M2) is iron. The element (M3) is boron, aluminum, gallium and/or indium. The component containing element (M1) is metal nitrate, metal organic acid salt, metal acid chloride, metal alkoxide, metal halide, metal perchlorate and/or metal hypochlorite. Preferred Process: The solid content residue is heat-processed in an atmosphere containing argon gas, helium gas or nitrogen gas, or atmosphere containing hydrogen gas. Preferred Component: The cathode is electrode having catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nitrogen-containing organic compound has hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, formyl group, halo carbonyl group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, ketone group, ether group and/or ester group, or amino group, nitrile group, imide group, imine group, nitro group, amide group, azido group, aziridine group, azo group, isocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, oxime group, diazo group, nitroso group, pyrrole ring, porphyrin ring, imidazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring and/or pyrazine ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound further contains structural unit chosen from structural unit (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v). The high-molecular compound is of formula (III).ring D',ring E'=thiophene ring;andW1,W2=H, halo, sulfonic acid residue, boric acid-ester residue, monohalo methyl, dihydroxy boryl, formyl, vinyl or substituted stannyl. Preferred Definitions:    At least one of ring D,ring E=thiophene ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt of organic acid is chosen from lithium salt of 1-6 carbon containing aliphatic carboxylic acid and 7-8 carbon containing aromatic carboxylic acid such as formic-acid lithium, lithium acetate, propionic acid lithium, butyric-acid lithium, isobutyric acid lithium, lithium oxalate, malonic acid lithium, lithium succinate, glutaric acid lithium, adipic acid lithium, maleic acid lithium, fumaric-acid lithium, phthalic-acid lithium, and lithium benzoate. The boron compounds are boron trihalide and/or boron-trihalide complex (preferably boron trifluoride and/or boron trifluoride complex) chosen from boron trifluoride and boron trifluoride dimethyl-ether complex, boron trifluoride diethylether complex, boron trifluoride di-n-butyl-ether complex, boron trifluoride di-tertbutyl-ether complex, boron trifluoride tert-butyl methyl ether complex, boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex, boron trifluoride methanol complex, boron trifluoride propanol complex, and boron trifluoride phenol complex. The organic lithium salt or inorganic lithium salt containing chlorine, fluorine, or boron is lithium hexafluorophosphate, boron tetrafluoride lithium, bis (trifluoro methylsulfonyl) imide lithium, trifluoride methanesulfonic acid lithium, antimony hexafluoride acid lithium, hexafluoride arsenic-acid lithium, and tetraphenyl borate lithium. The cyclic carbonates which have branched chain are propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate. The lactone is ( gamma )-butyrolactone or ( gamma )-valerolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. EXAMPLE - 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-hydroxy piperidine N-oxide (3.4 g) (20 mmol), methyl pyruvate (20 g) (200 mmol), and 30% hydrogen peroxide (4.5 g) (40 mmol) were added to flask, cooled at 5 degrees C, reacted at 30 degrees C for 2 hours. The obtained product was added with copper chloride (0.1 g) (1 mmol), cooled in an ice bath, to obtain mixed product. The product was added with sodium-bisulfite aqueous solution (20 ml) (4 mol/L) and saturated potassium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution (10 ml) for 2 hours, extracted ethyl acetate (100 ml) and evaporated using rotation evaporator, to obtain 1-methoxycarbonyl oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy piperidine (4.4 g) of white solid. The obtained product (10 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and triethylamine (4 ml). The methacryloylchloride (1.3 g) (12 mmol) was added in the resulting product at 0 degrees C, reacted for 1 hour, heated, and evaporated for 1 hour, to obtain residue. The residue was added with water (150 ml), extracted ethyl acetate (200 ml), and purified using column chromatography to obtain 1-methoxycarbonyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methacryloyloxy piperidine (1.9 g), with yield of 62%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material in the negative electrode is preferably amorphous carbon material and silicon or silicon compound as main ingredient. The positive electrode contains lithium manganate or lithium cobaltate as active material. The electrode density of layer containing amorphous carbon material and silicon or silicon compound active material is 0.8-1.35 g/cm3 and 0.7-1.30 g/cm3, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sulfonate comprises cyclic sulfonate ester, cyclic disulfonate and/or strand-shaped disulfonate. The cyclic disulfonate is chosen from methylene methanedisulfonate, ethylene methanedisulfonate and propylene methanedisulfonate. The cyclic sulfonate ester comprises 1,3-propane sultone or 1,4-butane sultone. The solvent contains linear carbonate or cyclic carbonate. The gel electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking-type polymer is acrylic polymer which is a copolymer of bifunctional acrylate and trifunctional acrylate. The crosslinking-type polymer is obtained by polymerization using peroxide as a polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermal buses are constructed from aluminum, graphite, graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube and silver. The insulator is made of aluminum oxide fiber, silica aero-gel material and fiberglass fabric.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lithium ion cells include polymer electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hollow glass microspheres can be replaced by nano-silicon dioxide, where the particle size of each of the hollow glass microsphere and the nano-silicon dioxide is 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble polyether foaming agent is a commercially available water-soluble foaming agent, or a foaming agent comprising (in parts by wt.) glycerin polyether resin (5-7), ethylene glycol polyether resin (3-5), water-soluble silicone oil as a foam stabilizer (0.2-0.3), N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine as a catalyst (0.1-0.3), dibutyltin dilaurate as a curing agent (0.1-0.3), polyphenyl polyisocyanate (10) and water (3-5). The molecular weight of chitosan is 10000-30000 and is dissolved in acetic acid (1-3%) before being used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor material comprises C60 derivative, thiophene material, poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivative and aromatic compound material, where the C60 derivative comprises (6, 6)-C61methyl, (6, 6)-phenyl 61-butyrate or 1(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-thienyl-(6, 6)-methylene fullerene. The thiophene material comprises two group vinyltrimerization thiophene or poly (3-cyan4 ethylthiophene). The PPV derivative comprises (oxa-1, 4-phenylene-1, 2-(1)vinylidene-2, 5-dioctyl-1, 4-phenylene1, 2-(2)-vinylidene -1, 4-phenylene) polymer or poly (2-methoxy-5-(2)-alphacyano-supporting p-styrene) and the aromatic compound material comprises 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene-benzimidazole or 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene acid dianhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mole ratio of the compounds (II) and (III) in Suzuki coupling reaction is 1:0.667-1.5. The reaction temperature in preparation method is 50-120 degrees C and reacted for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The catalyst is chosen from the organic palladium or mixture of the organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene and/or methylbenzene. The organic palladium is further chosen from tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) Palladium or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and the organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film comprises 30 %mole of constituent unit acquired from aminocarboxylic acid or lactam other than constituent unit acquired from equivalent Mohr salt of diamine other than constituent unit of above-mentioned (a) and dicarboxylic acid or constituent unit of above-mentioned (b). The film has melting point of 240-315 degrees C and glass transition temperature of 60-120 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid is solvent or liquid electrolyte (E). The negative electrode contains active material containing zinc, iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, silicon, titanium, chromium and/or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The air cell has a liquid communication component (13) made of hydrophobic porous resin containing polyolefin and/or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastomer binder is a poly-fluorinated elastomer binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The patterned metal-containing electroconductive layer contains silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The film comprises a patterned metal-containing electroconductive layer, and a transparent electroconductive layer formed on the metal-containing electroconductive layer, where the transparent electroconductive layer contains: an electroconductive polymer and a self-dispersing polymer dispersible into aqueous solvent. The film further comprises a transparent base having the transparent electroconductive layer on it. The patterned metal-containing electroconductive layer has openings. Preferred Components: The self-dispersing polymer has a glass transition point of 50-70 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene-fluoride resin film contains (in parts mass) other thermoplastic resins (0-40), titanium oxide (5-100) and polyvinylidene-fluoride resin (100), and has thickness of 10-50 mu m, and tensile elasticity modulus of 90 MPa or less at 120 degrees C along transverse direction. Preferred Property: The ratio of tensile elasticity modulus at 23 degrees C with respect to tensile elasticity modulus at 23 degrees C, is 4% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains at least one of flaky graphite, carbon black and granular graphite. The flaky graphite contains large diameter flaky graphite having average plane diameter of 5-50 mu m, and small diameter flaky graphite having average plane diameter of 5 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material further contains electroconductive path material, and a spacer material. The electroconductive path material is acetylene black. The content of acetylene black is 5-25 %mass with respect to whole microporous layer. The content of carbon black is 1-5 %mass, with respect to whole microporous layer. The content of flaky graphite is 30-70 %mass, with respect to whole microporous layer. The spacer material is granular graphite having average particle diameter of 1-10 mu m. The content of granular graphite is 5-35 %mass with respect to whole microporous layer. Preferred Properties: The average plane diameter of flaky graphite is 5-50 mu m or 5 mu m or less. The carbon black has specific surface area of 1000 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The yellowing degree of the solar cell stop tape, is 4 or less, when irradiating ultraviolet ray for 24 hours, measured based on JIS-K-7105 (1981). Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cell stop tape is a tape having adhesive layer on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate film. The back-side protection component contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, crosslinking agent, and coloring agent. The amount of ultraviolet absorber is 0.2-0.5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linker is a molecule having at least two carboxyl moieties, selected from a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and an alpha hydroxyl acid (preferably D-glucaric acid, its derivative or analog). The cross-linker is in itself a biologically active agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrolyzable polymeric substance derived from starch is amylose and/or amylopectin, or soluble starch. The cross-linker is covalently bound to the polymeric substance derived from starch by an ester linkage. The polymeric network is biodegradable. The biologically active agent is covalently bound to or noncovalently associated with the polymeric network. The Amygel has a viscous, jelly-like texture. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The Amygel is formulated as an injectable (claimed).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal wiring layer is formed using alloy or metal chosen from aluminum, copper, titanium, and silver. The protective layer contains inorganic particles. The catalytic layer is chosen from platinum-containing compound, carbon-containing compound or conductive polymeric compound. The area ratio of the metal wiring layer and the protective layer is 2.5-30%. Preferred Properties: The metal wiring layer has specific resistance of 5x 10-3 ohm.m or less. The inorganic particles have primary particle diameter of 1 nm to 5 mu m. The transparent conductive layer has surface resistance value of 0.1-1000 ohm/square. The transparent substrate has total light transmittance of 60-95%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating resin-containing material contains fluorine-type leveling component, silicone-type leveling component, or acryl-type leveling component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electrolyte solution intermittently is supplied from the nozzle having ejection port with density of 1-6000 piece/cm2 using vibration element as unit of dispersion constant supply. The surface treatment is performed. Preferred Properties: The electrolyte solution has high viscosity of 10-40 mPa.second at 20 degrees C. The hole diameter of ejection port is 1-100 mu m. Preferred Component: The surface treatment is diamond-like carbon process or fluorine process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal of nozzle is nickel-based alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The integrated micro-mirror is formed of a material comprised of copper element, aluminum element, silver element, gold element, chromium element, nickel element, palladium element, platinum element, zinc element, bismuth element, indium element, rhodium element, ruthenium element, titanium element and vanadium element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The integrated micro-mirror is painted using one of material consisting of thermosetting polymer, epoxy resin, polyester material, polyurethane material, acrylic material, and melamine material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic resin is a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer containing 30 %mass or more of vinyl monomer with glass transition temperature of -40 degrees C or less. Preferred Property: The photocurable film has storage elastic modulus of less than 1x 106 Pa at 90 degrees C before photocuring of the photocurable film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon content in the carbon-containing silicon-oxide vapor-deposited film is 5-50 atomic%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of oligomer precipitated block layer is 5-100 nm. The conductive film has haze value of 1% or less after exposing the film to 85 degrees C at relative humidity of 85% for 1000 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): The polycyclic-type compound (III) is subjected to aryl coupling reaction in presence of alkali, catalyst and ligand, and polymerized to obtain high molecular compound having polycyclic-type repeating unit (I). Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further contains aromatic repeating unit of formula: -(A)- (II).A=arylene or heteroarylene.Preferred Composition: The content of electron-accepting compound contained in the active layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of high molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative. EXAMPLE - 2,5-Bis(5-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-3,4-dihexylthiophene (197 mg), tributyl(3-octadecylthiophen-2-yl)stannane (500 mg) and toluene (10 ml) were processed into a homogeneous solution, and obtained toluene solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes. Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (10 mg) and tris(dibenzylidine acetone)dipalladium (5 mg) were added to resultant solution and stirred and 100 degrees C for 6 hours, and water (100 ml) was added to reaction liquid and extracted. The obtained organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, distilled and silica gel chromatography was performed to obtain 3,4-dihexyl-2,5-bis((5-(5-(3-octylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl))thiophene (250 mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The protecting layer comprises silver, nickel, copper, tin or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The protecting layer comprises acrylic or epoxy-based cathodic dipping varnish or acrylic or epoxy-based anodic dipping varnish.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protecting layer comprises polyurethane-based cathodic dipping varnish.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen generating apparatus further has transformer which reduces carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing-gas by shift reaction. The hydrodesulfurization device has desulfurizing agent (3a) provided in flow path (3) and desulfurizing agent (4a) provided in flow path (4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The desulfurizing agent contains copper. The catalyst in desulfurizing agent contains copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal is chosen from potassium, sodium, magnesium, magnesium alloy, titanium oxide, sulfur, zinc, zinc alloy, galvanized iron/steel, aluminum, cadmium metal-plated steel, aluminum/manganese alloy, soft iron, Duralumin (RTM: aluminum alloys), tin, lead, brass, chrome-plated steel, soft solder, nickel substrate chrome-plated steel, tin-plated steel, 12%-chromium stainless steel, high-chromium stainless steel, copper, copper alloy, silver solder, austenitic stainless steel, nickel-plated copper, silver, rhodium-based gold plated copper, silver/gold alloy, carbon, activated carbon, vanadium and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode of control electrode component repels radioactive substance, metal ion, chemical substance, suspended solid, microorganisms and blood component. The cathode of control electrode component attracts radioactive substance, metal ion, chemical substance, suspended solid, microorganisms and blood component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The urethane resin contains castor oil type polyol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The solar cell panel has structure made of urethane resin does not contain double bond by hydrogenation. The solar cell panel is provided with water/air flow hole which penetrates transparent resin base material to urethane resin in solar cell element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium carbide comprises titanium precursor and carbon precursor. The titanium precursor is titanium (IV)-n-butoxide. The carbon precursor is furfuryl alcohol. The electrospinning process is performed using polyvinylpyrrolidone as carrying polymer, N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent and hydroxyacetone as catalyst. The electrospinning process is performed on a spin dope containing 10 wt.% titanium (IV)-n-butoxide, 10 wt.% of furfuryl alcohol, 10 wt.% of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2.5 wt.% of hydroxyacetone or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electrode further comprises: at least one of a mediator, a crosslinking agent or a substrate; and a monomer of an electrically conductive polymer and an electrolyte. The ink exists in a water soluble first form and a water insoluble second form, where the first form comprises the nano-scale conducting material, the binding agent, an aqueous buffer and the enzyme, and the second form comprises the nano-scale conducting material, the binding agent and the enzyme. The nano-scale conducting material comprises a carbon nanotube, which: is a single-wall carbon nanotube or a multi-wall carbon nanotube; and contains a functional group including a carboxylic acid group. The enzyme: is heat stabilized; and comprises at least one oxidoreductase enzyme capable of oxidizing a substrate, where the oxidoreductase is glucose oxidase or a dehydrogenase. The electrolyte comprises lithium perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mediator: is hydroquinone, ferrocene, ferricyanide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, tetrathiafulvalene, NAD or an azine compound; and comprises a compound containing osmium. The crosslinking agent is 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and/or lysozyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binding agent is polyethyleneimine. The electrically conductive polymer is polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), which is electrochemically, chemically or enzymatically polymerized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The beta crystal formation ability of polypropylene is 60% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal conductive layer contains metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles are silver particles. The leak prevention layer is insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight average molecular weight of the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene is 500000-100000000. The amount of the resin and electroconductive material is 85-94 %mass and 6-15 %mass respectively, with respect to the amount of conductive resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating material is organic material, preferably organosulfur compound containing sulfur dissolved in the electrolyte solution, when dissolution voltages higher than the largest charge voltage. The organosulfur compound is derivative of tetrathiafulvalene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material contained in the coating material is chosen from polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, polypyrrolle, polythiophene and their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydrodesulfurization device has adsorption agent which contains hydrogenation catalyst. Adsorption agent contains zinc oxide. Depth desulfurizing agent which contains copper oxide is provided downstream the 2nd desulfurizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The fullerene polymer has electroconductivity. Preferred Process: The manufacture of fullerene polymer further involves removing non-polymerized fullerene among fullerene thin film. The manufacture of electroconductive film involves removing portion of fullerene thin film which is not electroconductive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic solvent is gamma -butyrolactone, dimethyl acetamide, or dimethyl formamide. Ratio of total mass of 2,3,3',4'-biphenyl pyromellitic dianhydride and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-biphenyldiamine to mass of organic solvent is 1:3.5-4.5. Mole ratio of 2,3,3',4'-biphenyl pyromellitic dianhydride to 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-biphenyldiamine is 1:0.5-2. Preferred Conditions: Temperature for curtain coating is 70-90 degrees C. Time for curtain coating is 1.5-2.5 hours. Preferred Processes: Polyamide acid film is heated to 300-400 degrees C at 1-4 degrees C/minute and naturally cooled to room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic solvent is selected from carbon disulfide, propanetriol or formamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive substrate is made of polyethylene naphthalate or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate includes a glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pattern forming layer includes a metal. The substrate includes silicon. The solder layer includes tin (Sn).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The diblock copolymer layer includes polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The actuating case is made of two electro active polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer are phosphorus antioxidant and/or hindered-amine light stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hardenable-surface coating composition further contains epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin and carbodiimide compound. Preferred Property: The polyester resin has number average molecular weight of 16000-24000, measured in vapor pressure osmometry method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises alpha -terpineol, ethyl-cellulose, ethanol, water and acetic acid or water, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The paste comprises the solids blend (5-20 wt.%), alpha -terpineol (40-50 (preferably 45) wt.%), ethyl-cellulose (5-10 (preferably 7.5) wt.%), ethanol (30-35 (preferably 32.5) wt.%), water (0.1-0.5 (preferably 0.3) wt.%), and acetic acid (0.1-0.5 (preferably 0.3) wt.%) or solids blend (5-20 wt.%), water (50-55 (preferably 52.5) wt.%), acetic acid (0.1-1.0 (preferably 0.6) wt.%), polyethylene glycol (5-10 (preferably 7.5) wt.%), and propylene glycol (25-35 (preferably 30) wt.%). The anatase nanocrystallites have a particle diameter of less than 50 (preferably 4-10) nm, and the rutile particles have a particle diameter of less than 1000 (preferably 100-500) nm. The anatase nanocrystallites and the rutile particles are present at a weight ratio of 10/90-90/10 within the solids blend. The solids blend further comprises up to 30% of commercially available titanium dioxide nano or sub-micron particles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of solvent in organic semiconductor solution is 0.1-10 wt.%. The organic semiconductor contains phthalocyanine and/or its derivative, polythiophene and/or its derivative, tris-isopropyl pentacene and/or its derivative, fluorene, tetracene, pentacene, anthracene, perylene and/or its derivative, perylene tetracarboxylic diimide and/or its derivative, poly-paraphenylene-vinylene and/or its derivative, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide and/or its derivative, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and/or its derivative, and/or 2-methoxy-5(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene and/or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole transport layer comprises zinc phthalocyanine. The electron transport layer comprises zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron transport layer or the hole transport layer contains acrylic polymer of below 20 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The back surface side coloring sealing film is selected from the group that consists of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, Ultramarine, and carbon black including a coloring agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light-receiving surface side sealing film and back surface side coloring sealing film contain ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and a cross-linking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A buffer layer is provided between base material and contact bonding layer (30). Preferred Film: The buffer layer is polyethylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises disulfonic acid ester. The electrolyte further comprises vinylene carbonate or its derivative. The electrolyte is gelled by a polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amorphous carbon with which the surface of the graphite particles is coated or deposited has an amount of greater than or equal to 1 to less than or equal to 30 mass% based on the anode active material. The graphite particles have an interlayer distance between (002) planes of 0.335-0.337 nm. The graphite particles are of natural graphite. The anode active material has a specific surface area of 1-1.8 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-insoluble inorganic compound is silica compound, silica-alumina compound, aluminum compound, calcium compound and/or nitride, or phyllosilicate mineral. The phyllosilicate mineral is non-swelling clay mineral. The non-swelling clay mineral is talc, kaolin, pyrophyllite and/or non-swelling mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersion medium of dispersion liquid is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and/or sulfolane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant synthetic resin is aromatic polyimide resin, aromatic polyamidoimide resin and/or aromatic polybenzoxazole resin. The substrate used during manufacture of film is glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene and/or polypropylene. Preferred Layers: The non-flammable film has laminate which laminates two or more layers of film and integrating. Preferred Properties: The non-flammable film has thickness of 10 mu m or more, water-vapor permeability of less than 20 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity, preset flexibility, determined by flexibility test by cylindrical mandrel method based on JIS-K5600-5-1 (1999), linear expansion coefficient of 5x 10-5/ degrees C or less at 50-250 degrees C, gross calorific value for 20 minutes after heating, of 8 MJ/m2 or less with respect to sample area, and largest heat release rate for 20 minutes after heating start, of 300 kW/m2 or less with respect to sample area, by exothermal-emitting test by cone calorimeter based on ISO5660-1, film thickness of 100 mu m or less and dielectric breakdown voltage of 20 kV/mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The breathable membrane is made of expanded PTFE (ePTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atmosphere of sputtering method for forming texture surface contains nitrogen and/or ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the silicon nitride film is 10-40 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The electric wire adapts the hot set test, based on TUV2Pfg1169.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal hydrate is magnesium hydroxide and/or aluminum hydroxide. The metal hydrates are non-processed metal hydrate and/or fatty acid-processed metal hydrate. Preferred Process: The melt-molding is the melt-extrusion molding.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acid-modified resin is acid-modified polyolefin and/or acid-modified styrene-type elastomer. The polymer is chosen from copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, copolymer of ethylene and ethyl methacrylate, copolymer of ethylene and ethylacrylate, and copolymer of ethylene and methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Laminate: In the laminate, the amino group is an ethyl amino group. The primer layer further comprises an organo-onium compound. The laminate further comprises an adhesive layer on the primer layer, the adhesive layer comprising a polymer with carboxylate or amide functionality. The adhesive layer comprises an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive or a hot melt adhesive. The laminate also comprises: a first resin layer that includes a polyester resin, and a second resin layer that includes an olefin polymer, provided subsequently on a second side of the fluorine resin layer. Alternatively, the laminate comprises: a fluorine resin layer that is primed on a first side with a compound that includes acrylic polymer including a set of primary or secondary amino groups. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fatty-acid silver salt is chosen from fatty-acid silver salt having polycarboxylic acid having carboxy silver salt group and/or hydroxyl group, silver salt having carboxy silver salt groups (excluding hydroxyl group), and 18C or less fatty-acid silver salt which is 1-8C fatty-acid silver salt or 9-18C fatty-acid silver salt. The content of fatty-acid silver salt is 1-25 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of electroconductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thermal decomposition temperature of organic-type thixotropy agent is 300-500 degrees C, measured by thermogravimetric-measurement method. Preferred Composition: The organic-type thixotropy agent is a thixotropy agent chosen from hydrogenation castor oil-type thixotropy agent, oxidation polyethylene-type thixotropy agent, amide-type thixotropy agent, polymerized oil-type thixotropy agent and surfactant-type thixotropy agent, preferably oxidation polyethylene-type thixotropy agent and/or amide-type thixotropy agent. The electroconductive composition further contains resin binder (F). The content of organic-type thixotropy agent is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is made of thermoplastic, polymer, elastomer and thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The organic electronic device comprises at least one first electron transport layer containing the compound (I), and further comprises an additional electron transport layer, where the first electron transport layer is doped and the additional electron transport layer is undoped, and where the additional electron transport layer is adjacent to a donor-acceptor heterojunction and the first electron transport layer is in between the additional electron layer and a cathode. The additional electron transport layer is at least one of hole blocking and exciton blocking layer. The donor-acceptor heterojunction comprises the compound (I) as acceptor. In the organic electronic device, at least 5% of the photocurrent at 0V is due to absorption of photons in the range of 300-500 nm. The donor-acceptor heterojunction is a bulk-heterojunction. The organic electronic device comprises at least one semiconductor polymer layer and one electron transport layer, where the electron transport layer comprises the compound (I). The electron transport layer is n-doped. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 113 Compounds are disclosed as the compound (I) e.g. 1,3,6-trioxo-2-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6a,9-triaza-cyclopenta(a)pyrene-7,8-dicarbonitrile (I'), 1,3,6-trioxo-2-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6a,9-triaza-cyclopenta(a)pyrene-7,8-dicarbonitrile, 1,3,6-trioxo-2-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6a,9-triaza-cyclopenta(a)pyrene-7,8-dicarbonitrile, 1,3,6-trioxo-2-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-benzo(lmn)benzo(4,5)imidazo(2,1-b)(3,8)phenanthroline-9,10-dicarbonitrile, and 1,3,6-trioxo-2-pyridin-2-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-benzo(lmn)benzo(4,5)imidazo(2,1-b)(3,8)phenanthroline-9,10-dicarbonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The front sheet contains flat glass, floating glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, solar glass, lime soda glass or polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is made of monocrystalline or polycrystalline endowed semiconductor material, silicon arsenide, gallium arsenide, micro morpheme, polycrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, copper-indium-gallium-selenide sulfide (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2), or copper-zinc-tin sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and fluorinated-polymer chosen from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluoridated-ethylene propylene and perfluoroalkoxy. The sealant contains polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, styrene butadiene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic elastomer or adhesive containing butyl, acrylic, bitumen or silicone base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The tensile modulus of the outer layer is less than 100,000 psi according to ASTM D638.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The former outer layer is made of one of homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride, copolymer of vinyl fluoride, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, copolymer of chiorotrifluoroethylene and homopolymer of vinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is derived from fluoromonomer chosen from vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluoroalkoxy monomer and chlorotrifluoroethlyene. The fluoropolymer is chosen from polyvinyl fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride, preferably polyvinyl fluoride. The multilayer fluoropolymer film or sheet further has polyolefin film or sheet containing polyolefinic composition including ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ionomers, polyethylene, ethylene/acrylate ester copolymers and acid copolymer (preferably, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers), and polyester film or sheet containing polyester chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. Preferred Property: The bonding strength between the heat-pressed fluoropolymer film or sheet and the polyolefin film or sheet is 17 N/cm or more, preferably 40 N/cm or more measured based on ASTM D903-38.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer comprises polyvinyl fluorides. The polyester comprises polyethylene terephthalates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filling material is made of aluminum oxide or boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The particle diameter (Dxrd) of platinum computed by formula of Scherrer using the half value width of the (111) peak is 3-6 nm. The amount of metal containing platinum is 20-80 %mass with respect to total amount of carbon carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The low-density polyethylene has melt flow rate of 0.5-40 g/10 minutes, measured based on JIS K6922-2 at 190 degrees C in the loads of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing resin layer is made from the group of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polyolefin, methacrylic resin,polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device further has p-type-semiconductor layer containing poly(3-hexylthiophene), n-type-semiconductor layer containing n-type silicon nanoparticles, and electron carrying layer containing titanium oxide nanoparticles. Preferred Process: During manufacture of photovoltaic device, poly(3-hexylthiophene) is dissolved in chlorobenzene, and spin-coating resultant solution on the positive hole transport layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of elemental phosphorus and elemental titanium in the polyester film is 170 ppm or less, and 20 ppm or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyester film has elemental phosphorus content of 170 ppm or less and titanium elemental content of 20 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from phenol resin, alkyd resin, melamine urea resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, chlorinated rubber type-resin, vinyl chloride resin, fluororesin, cellulose gum and colloidal silica. Preferred Property: The emissivity of thermal-radiation coating material in wavelength of 2-22 mu m is 0.9 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is flaky glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The monomer is (meth)acrylic acid ester. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of inorganic filler is 100-1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin is (meth)acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Elemental phosphorus content in polyester film is less than or equal to 170 ppm, and elemental titanium content is less than or equal to 20 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, propylene ethylene-alphaolefin copolymer, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonionic additive is heterocyclic compound, cyclic amine, linear amine, diamine, amidine, quanidine and/or phosphazene, preferably 4-N,N-dimethyl aminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidino pyridine, quinuclidine, and/or 4-aminopyridine. The ionic additive is compound containing carboxy anion, alkoxy anion, mercapto anion, carbon anion and/or amido anion, preferably 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate and/or 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium decanoate. The porous electrode comprises microparticles-containing semiconductor. The solvent of electrolyte solution contains ionic liquid having functional group of electron pair acceptability, and organic solvent having functional group of electron pair donation property. Preferred Properties: The water solubility (pKa) of conjugated acid of nonionic additive and/or anionic additive is 9.12 or more. The water solubility (pKa) of conjugated acid of ionic additive is 4.76 or more. Preferred Element: The photoelectric conversion element is dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element which is obtained by photosensitizing dye coupled with porous electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer consists of a porous membrane containing electrolyte solution or nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric is polyolefin, polyester, or cellulose. The porosity of porous membrane is 80-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition The filler includes ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component. The content of inorganic filler in the small-sized polyisobutylene-type sealing material sheet is 10-50 wt.%. The primer layer includes polyolefin resin, polyester-type primer and/or polyurethane-type primer. The back surface protective cover film includes vapor deposition polyethylene terephthalate film, and cover film in which aluminum foil having thickness of 30-90 mu m is interposed by polyethylene terephthalate and/or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting organic material is fullerene compound, which is 70C fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - 2,7-Dibromo-4,5-diheptyl-benzo(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene (in mg) (706) and 4,7-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (503) were dissolved in toluene (18 ml), water (10 ml), potassium carbonate (3.59 g), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) (75) and Aliquat 336 (RTM: quaternary ammonium salt) (1 drop) were added, stirred at 100 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere for 9 hours, bromobenzene (1 g) was added, stirred at 100 degrees C for 2 hours, phenylboronic acid (1 g) was added, stirred at 100 degrees C for 2 hours, methanol (500 ml) was added to obtained solution, filtered, and washed using methanol, acetone and hot water. The obtained solid was added to acetone (400 ml), heated and refluxed for 30 minutes. The obtained solid was dissolved in chloroform, concentrated, refined and reprecipitated with methanol to obtain conjugated polymer (88%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The absorption intensity of silicon-nitrogen bond and silicon-oxygen bond in infrared absorption spectrum is 0.1-5. The absorption intensity of silicon-carbon bond and silicon-hydrogen bond in infrared absorption spectrum is 0.5-10. Preferred Components: The defect luminescent material is cadmium sulfide having lattice defect, or zinc oxide having lattice defect. Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion film is coated on the surface of base material with coating liquid containing defect luminescent material and organic polysiloxane having -CH3 group or -(CH2)3NH2 group as terminal functional group bonded with silicon, and dried. The cover glass in solar cell module is provided such that wavelength conversion film becomes surface on opposite side to light-incident surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Copolymer sheet comprises (in parts mass) ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer (100) composition containing castor oil (0.2-2.5). The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Property: The light transmittance of the sheet having thickness of 0.5 mm, is 86% or more at 300-1200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (B), and compound (C) is 300 parts mass or less and 10 parts mass or less with respect to 100 parts mass of compound (A), respectively. The solvent (D) chosen from alkylester having 4 or more carbon atoms, and alcohol having 4 or more carbon atoms. The content of solvent (D) is 0.1 parts mass or more with respect to the total parts mass of the compound (A), compound (B) and compound (C). The triazine compound (A) contains an aromatic group. The acid compound (C) is sulfonic acid compound. The aromatic group substituted with the organic group is carbon monocyclic aromatic group, preferably phenyl group substituted with the phenyl group. The condensed-ring aromatic group is naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, or pyrenyl group. The ethylene glycol compound (B) is of formula (I). The sulfonic acid compound is of formula (II), or (III): C(-R7)(-R8)(-R9)-SO3H, preferably tosyl acid.R1=H or methyl;R2-R9=H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, furyl substituted by halo, nitro, formyl, cyano, carboxy, phosphonyl, sulfonyl, or phenyl, naphthyl and thienyl (optionally substituted by group (w));group (w)=1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, hydroxy, halo, nitro, formyl, cyano, or carboxy;andm=natural number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains solvent (D), and adhesion agent (E) having silyl group. Preferred Definitions:    m=10 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of polymer and electron-accepting organic semiconductor is 1-99:99-1. The total content of the polymer and the electron-accepting organic semiconductor is 0.1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of total content of the dissolvable solvent and the soluble additive. The number average degree of polymerization of the polymer is 15-2000. The polymer is polymer of formulae (II)-(IV), a block copolymer having repeating unit of formula (V) and random copolymer having repeating unit of formula (VI). The soluble additive is diiodo octane, octane dithiol, dibromo octane, and chloronaphthalene.R5,R5'=optionally substituted linear, branched, or cyclic 1-20C hydrocarbyl(optionally substituted by oxygen or sulfur), H, or fluoro;R6a-R6d=H or optionally substituted linear, branched, or cyclic 1-20C hydrocarbyl (optionally substituted by oxygen or sulfur);R9,R9'=H or optionally substituted linear, branched, or cyclic 1-20C hydrocarbyl;m=2 or more;andx:y=1:99-99:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises another fluoropolymer solvent different from ketone, impurities, odorants and/or other additives. The other fluoropolymer solvent comprises esters, diesters, preferably propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate and/or dimethyl glutarate. A quantity of solvent present in the composition (A) is 0-50 wt.%, preferably 0-30 wt.%. The ketone comprises linear or branched aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic ketones, preferably dimethylketone, diethylketone, methylethylketone, methyl-iso-butylketone, cyclohexanone (optionally substituted), trimethylcyclohexanone and/or cyclopentanone. The amount of dimethylsulfoxide is 70-95 wt.%, preferably 95 wt.%, and the amount of ketone is 5-30 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.%. The amount of mixture of dimethylsulfoxide with bibasic ester, preferably dimethyl glutarate is 85-99 wt.%, preferably 75 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer comprises homopolymer and fluorocopolymer and/or chloro-fluoro copolymer obtained by polymerization of ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer and perfluoro ionomer, preferably fluororesin comprising homopolymer and/or poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer in suspension and emulsion. EXAMPLE - Typical fluoropolymer solvent system comprised (in wt.%) of: dimethylsulfoxide (70); and trimethylcyclohexanone (30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Organic-inorganic composite gel coating film contains 1-0.01 mol.% component F which has greater than or equal to 2 (meth)acrylamide group or (meth)acryloyloxy group with respect to 1 mol.% of component A. Thermal-polymerization initiator (G) is added in aqueous solution. Component E is an ionic liquid. Component E contains solute (H) e.g. electrolyte or salt. Preferred Processes: Thermal polymerization is succeedingly performed after polymerizing component A by UV ray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of ceramic, mica, macromolecule plastic, metal, silicon, glass or stainless steel. The back electrode is made of aluminum, gold, copper, indium-tin oxide glass, silver, tungsten, nickel or titanium. The n-type semiconductor thin layer is made of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, indium selenide, indium sulfide, indium zinc oxide or tin oxide. The window layer is made of aluminum, indium-tin oxide film, graphene film or carbon nanotube. The metal grid electrode is made of aluminum, gold, copper, tungsten-titanium alloy, indium-tin oxide glass, silver, tungsten, nickel or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is triallyl cyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The obtained film is rolled using an embossing machine and pressed to form needed pattern on surface of film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating material comprises paper, rubber, resin, polystyrene, epoxy resin, polyester, polyurethane, silicone, polycarbonate, polyimide alkyd resin, polythene, polypropylene, copolymer, insulating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), or insulating polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous material is a pulverized biomass material and the metal chloride is hygroscopic metal salt. The metal chloride is calcium chloride, strontium chloride and/or barium chloride. In step (i), the biomass material is crushed into 10-30 meshes spherical particles, the mass concentration of the metal chloride aqueous solution is 30-50%, the mass ratio of the metal chloride and the biomass material is 3-6:1.4. The binder is carboxymethyl cellulose binder. In step (ii), the mass ratio of composite adsorbent and metal powder is 3-7:7-3, the particle size of the metal powder is 250-500 meshes, the mass ratio of the tin powder and aluminum powder is 8-6:2-4, and the dosage of the binder is 1-6% of the total weight of composite adsorbent and metal powder mixture. Preferred Method: In step (iii), the sintering temperature is controlled at 200-250 degrees C, where the sintering atmosphere is nitrogen, argon gas or vacuum, and the sintering time is 0.5-1.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The glass powder comprises (in wt.%) lead oxide (40-80), bismuth trioxide (0-35), boron trioxide (2-6), alumina (0.5-8), silica (10-15), copper oxide (2-5), lithium oxide (1-3.5), zirconia (1-3.5) and disodium oxide (0-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive solvent comprises deionized water, glycerol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, carbitol, tetrahydrofuran and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin comprises polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate and/or ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The Lewis base-containing crosslinking accelerator is of formula (I), preferably pyridine and/or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The content of Lewis base-containing crosslinking accelerator is 0.08-0.6 part weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyester polyol.X=H, -OR or -N(R)2;andR=H or 1-24C aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bisphenol is 2,2-di(4-hydroxyl phenyl)propane, 4,4'-dyhydroxydiphenylmethane, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether and 4,4'-biphenyl diphenol. The 4-halogeno-1,8-anhydride naphthalate is 4-chlorine-1,8-anhydride naphthalate or 4-bromine-1,8-anhydride naphthalate. The parahalogenated aniline is parachloroaniline or parabromoaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The perylene tetracarboxylic diimide copolymer is prepared by, under oxygen-free condition and in the presence of a catalyst and an organic solvent, performing coupling reaction on perylene tetracarboxylic diimide of formula (II) and (3, 2-b-2',3'-d) silole derivative of formula (III). The catalyst is added at 0.01-20 mol.% of total substance. The reaction is conducted at 50-120 degrees C for 72 hours. The solution with reactant is dropped to methanol. After depositing, suction filtering is performed, followed by washing methanol. After drying, the copolymer colloid containing impurity is obtained and dissolved by toluene. The copolymer toluene solution is added to solution of diethyl sodium dithiocarbamate, heated at 80-100 degrees C, stirred, and mixed. The mixed liquid is processed by aluminum oxide column chromatography. The polymer is separated. Leaching and decompressing are carried out to remove chlorobenzene organic solvent. The copolymer is extracted by acetone Soxhlet extractor to obtain the copolymer solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polymer monomer is a macromolecule super water absorption material selected from acrylamide (AM), crylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid-betahydroxyl ethyl ester (HEMA). The cross-linking agent is diene molecule selected from N,N'methylene-bis-acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate hexadimethrine bromide and polyethyleneglycol diacrylate'. The electrolyte utilizes a solvent as water or organic solvent such as N-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP), 3-n-hexadecane + butyl-benzene + 3-methoxypropionitrile, ethanol and propylene carbonate (PC). The additive is amine organic solvent selected from pyridine, 4-tertiary butyl pyridine (TBP), 3-butyl pyridine, 2-amyl pyridine, 2-propyl pyridine, 2,4,6trimethyl pyridine, 2,3,5-trimethyl pyridine, 2,4-dimethyl pyridine, 2,6dimethyl pyridine, 3,5-dimethyl pyridine, 2-methyl pyridine, 3-ethyl pyridine, 3-methyl pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and phenylamine. The initiator is potassium peroxydisulfate, ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide and azodiisobutyronitrile. Preferred composition: The weight percent of the solvent is 70-90. The weight percent of the initiator is 0.2-1 percent. The weight percent of the cross-linking agent is 1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The weight of the polymer monomer is 10-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium source compound is selected from lithium, lithium hydroxide, acetate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, lithium phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate or oxalate. The manganese source compound is selected from a group of compounds containing manganese carbonate, manganese citrate, manganese acetate, manganese dioxide, manganese dioxide or manganese hydroxide. The phosphorus source compound is selected from a group of compounds containing phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium phosphate or dihydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The collector includes a base, which is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole is formed by intersection of several minutes in mesh sheet. The thermally conductive sheet has two or more holes formed as through-hole which penetrates surface inside mesh sheet from outer edge of the mesh sheet. The mesh sheet is a product of thermoplastic resin and outer edge of hole is provided with melting portion of mesh sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of small-diameter particles is 1-100 nm. The average particle diameter of large-diameter particles is 1-100 mu m. The porosity of the porous membrane is 50% or more. Preferred Composition: The inorganic material contains oxide semiconductor. The small-diameter particles and large-diameter particles are oxide semiconductors having different crystal systems. The content rate of large-diameter particles in porous membrane is 30 vol.% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material contains resin, or base material is film containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): The ionic group-containing polymer is obtained by reacting oligomer (A) having structure (I) and oligomer (B) having structure of formula: -(Ar2-V'-(Ar3-V')l)m- (II).Ar2,Ar3=bivalent aromatic group;V'=direct bond, -CO-, -SO2-, O or S;l=0-1;andm=1-100, preferably 3-100.Preferred Composition: The ionic group-containing polymer further has repeating unit (II) in molecule. Preferred Definitions:    A=-CF3;    W'=O;and    n=2-100.    EXAMPLE - (In g) 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone (5), potassium carbonate (3.36), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (102 mL) and toluene (100 mL) were heated, stirred in oil bath, toluene was distilled off, 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylphenyl)-1-phenylethyl)phenol (14.36) was added, stirred, and cooled to obtain oligomer (A). 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone (16.9), 4,4'-dihydroxy diphenylsulfone (17.3), potassium carbonate (10.51), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (174 mL) and toluene (170 mL) were heated, stirred in oil bath, toluene was distilled off, heated and cooled to obtain oligomer (B). Oligomer (A) solution, oligomer (B) solution, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (286 mL) were added, stirred, mixed, decafluoro biphenyl (1.78) and potassium carbonate (0.8) were added, heated, reacted, cooled, obtained product was dripped in pure water (3 L), resultant polymer was solidified, washed using pure water, polymer was separated by filtration, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain block copolymer precursor with yield 85%. The obtained block copolymer precursor and concentrated sulfuric acid (450 mL) were added, stirred, obtained reaction solution was added into pure water (3 L), obtained deposit was washed and dried, to obtain block copolymerized polymer having logarithmic viscosity of 1.47 dL/g, with yield of 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Layer: The photoelectric conversion element further has buffer layer containing phosphine compound having double bond between group 16 element and phosphorus atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic active layer contains fullerene compound, borane derivative, thiazole derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzothiadiazole derivative, N-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide, N-alkyl-substituted perylene-di-imido derivative, and/or alkyl-substituted n-type polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): A thieno pyrrole compound of formula (II) and thiophene-type compound of formula (III) are reacted to obtain polymer. EXAMPLE - (In mmol) dithienylimide thiophene monomer (0.210), dithienosilol monomer (0.231), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.0063), copper oxide (0.21), toluene (3.35 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.84 ml) were stirred at 100 degrees C for 8 hours, and bromobenzene (0.1 ml) was added, heat-stirred for 5 hours, and then trimethyl(phenyl)tin (0.1 ml) was added, heat-stirred for 3 hours, filtered, precipitated and purified to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wet resistant layer comprises an alicyclic epoxy compound having cyclohexane skeleton and terminal epoxy group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material is a film containing resin. Preferred Property: The porosity of the porous membrane is 50% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide layer includes at least one of titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, indium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide. The step of forming zinc oxide seed layer includes depositing a zinc metal on the conductive substrate and oxidizing the zinc metal. The step of forming zinc oxide hemisphere includes dipping the zinc oxide seed layer in a first growth culture solution and radially growing several zinc oxide nanorods from the seed layer; and dipping the radially grown zinc oxide nanorods in a second growth culture solution containing a vertical growth inhibitor to facilitate lateral growth of the zinc oxide nanorods. Each of the first and second growth culture solutions includes a zinc ion donor and a hydroxide ion donor. The zinc ion donor includes zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, or zinc chloride. The hydroxide ion donor includes sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), hexamethylenetetramine, or ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The vertical growth inhibitor includes a citrate anion, or an alkoxy anion. The step of forming porous metal oxide layer includes coating a metal oxide paste containing metal oxide nanoparticles and sintering the coated metal oxide paste. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of titanium oxide nanoparticles, tin oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, tungsten oxide nanoparticles, zirconium oxide nanoparticles, strontium oxide nanoparticles, indium oxide nanoparticles, magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vertical growth inhibitor includes an anionic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A polyepoxide is used as additive. At least one gel coat layer is provided on one side of the polyurethane having fiber layer. A spacing layer is provided on the side of the polyurethane having fiber layer and optionally opposite to the gel coat, following by another layer of polyurethane containing fiber. Preferred Method: The method comprises (b') introducing the gel coat into the mold half prior to step (b). The spacing material layer and then the fiber material layer are introduced into the mold half, after step (b) or (b') and before step (c). The step (c) is carried out in a vacuum infusion process. EXAMPLE - Glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide (185.25 parts by wt.) and 1,4:3,6 dianhydro-D-sorbitol (4.75 parts by wt.) were dissolved and degassed for 60 minutes. Then Desmodur VP.PU 60RE11 (RTM: Mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate with isomers and homologues) (219.74 parts by wt.) was added to the mixture and degassed for 5 minutes to obtain the fiber composite component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer satisfies (a) the amount of structural units derived from vinyl acetate is 13-16 %mass, (b) the amount of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate is 13-16 %mass, and (c) the sum of the amount of structural units derived from vinyl acetate and the amount of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate is 25-32 %mass. When the mass of copolymer is 100 %mass, gel fraction is 70 %mass or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium alloy contains titanium, nickel, aluminum, iron, palladium, copper, vanadium, scandium, cobalt, manganese and/or cerium. Preferred Property: The total thickness of thin film array is 100 nm to 10 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The elastic board is made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or polymer, and has Poisson's ratio of 0.3-0.7. The synthetic rubber is chosen from butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber and silicone rubber. The silicone rubber is polydimethylsilicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light absorption pillars comprise silicon; and a group I-III-VI compound semiconductor. The optical path changing particles comprise at least one selected from silica and TiO2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent insulating layer comprises a photocurable resin or a thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second electrode layers include al doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parts: The set of mounting pads includes a first set of mounting pads spaced from each other along a first line. The set of mounting pads includes a second set of mounting pads spaced from each other along a second line spaced from the first line. The first line and the second line are parallel to each other. Photovoltaic module defines a central axis and where the first set of mounting pads includes two mounting pads disposed on opposite sides of the central axis. The set of mounting pads includes a second set of mounting pads spaced from each other along a second line spaced from and parallel to the first line. The photovoltaic module defines a perimeter and where each of the set of mounting pads is spaced from the perimeter. The room temperature vulcanizing silicone composition is a condensation curable silicone composition, where the condensation curable silicone composition comprises an organopolysiloxane having at least one hydrolysable group; a crosslinking agent; and a catalyst. Preferred Method: Assembling photovoltaic module assembly further comprises mounting the mounting pads to a racking system of a photovoltaic cell module installation site; spacing a first set of the mounting pads from each other on the back sheet along a first line and spacing a second set of mounting pads from each other on the back sheet along a second line spaced from and parallel to the first line; spacing a first set of the mounting pads from each other on the back sheet on opposite sides of a central axis of the photovoltaic module; or spacing the first set of the mounting pads along a first line and spacing a second set of mounting pads from each other on the back sheet along a second line spaced from and parallel to the first line.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin adhesive is chosen from epoxy resin, acryl resin, phenol resin, urethane resin and imide resin. The non-crosslinkable resin is chosen from polyolefin resin, ionomer-type resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene-type resin, urethane-type resin and elastomer-type resin. The solar cell module is formed using resin sheet(s) containing non-crosslinkable resin. Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of resin adhesive is more than the melting point of resin portion of 10 degrees C or more. The glass transition temperature of resin adhesive is 140 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali compound is alkali metal salt chosen from chromate, molybdate, tungstate, niobate, tantalate, silicate and zirconic-acid salt. The light absorption layer contains copper, indium and selenium. The content of alkali metal in the light absorption layer is 0.005-5 atomic%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal is sodium, potassium, lithium, aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate (4) used in the manufacture of solar cell is metal substrate or resin substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The resin layer (2) contains titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer (A) contains linear low-density polyethylene. The layer (C) contains polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Layer: The resin layer (B) is obtained by laminating a colorless and transparent unextended polypropylene film on the surfaces of white unextended polypropylene film. Preferred process: The resin layer (A), layer (B) and/or layer (B) and layer (C) are adhered by interposing urethane-type adhesive bond layer (14).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon in aluminum structure is 2 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The gas containing carbon monoxide is a reformed gas containing carbon monoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Quinone is benzoquinone, naphthoquinone or anthraquinone (all optionally substituted). The porphyrin complex is supported by an electroconductive support. Quinone is reproduced by oxidation or electrolytic oxidation. Preferred Apparatus: The removal apparatus of carbon monoxide further has working electrode and counter electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The translucent resin layer is directly formed not via contact bonding layer on surface of structure layer provided in light-incidence side rather than the surface top of light-incidence side of light reflection layer, or light reflection layer. A corrosion-prevention layer is provided adjacent to the light-incidence side of light reflection layer. A hard-coat layer is provided on surface of light-incidence side of translucent resin layer. The light-incidence side is provided with gas barrier layer rather than light reflection layer. An intermediate layer is interposed between pair of metal flat plates. Preferred Composition: The support base material contains resin material having hollow structure. The intermediate layer contains material having hollow structure or resin material. Preferred Property: The central-line average roughness of surface of translucent resin layer is 3-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ferrite material is a manganese-zinc type material or an alloy containing iron and other chemical elements such as silicon, boron, copper and niobium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The front-side of the thin-film photovoltaic cell is sputtered with indium tin oxide. Preferred Components: The conductive silver-coated copper powder is silver-coated copper flakes and the two different resins are a phenoxy resin and a phenolic resin. The silver-coated copper powder is present at 60-93 (preferably 75-93) wt.%, the total weight of the two resins is present at 0.3-6 wt.% and the organic medium is present at 7-40 (preferably 7-25) wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises one or more components comprising diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and butyl carbitol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent of the particle colloid is selected from a group consisting of water, ethanol and a combination water and ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer includes a material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a combination of polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The carrier is made of an electrically conductive material such as metal foam that is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, zinc or copper foam and magnesium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film has polyester film layer and resin layer as outermost layer chosen from polyurethane-type resin, polyester-based resin, polyester acrylate-type resin, polyurethane acrylate-type resin, poly epoxy acrylate-type resin and/or titanate system compound. The polyester film contains 1.5-5 wt.% of particles having average particle diameter of 0.01-5 mu m. Preferred Properties: The surface of polyester film has dynamic friction coefficient of 0.3-0.8. The stress at the time of 10% expansion along longitudinal direction (F10MD) is 1.5 or more, stress at the time of 5% expansion along longitudinal direction (F5MD) is 1 or more, stress at the time of 10% expansion along width direction (F10TD) is 1.5 or more and stress at the time of 5% expansion along width direction (F5TD) is 1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas is gas containing hydrogen. The high-melting-point metal filament (14) is installed in the target material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The target material contains powder and small samples of silicone, or a chip and a wafer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high-molecular compound is compound having repeating unit of formula: -(H2C-C(-R1)(-C(=O)-X-(CH2)m-P(=O)-(OH)2))n- (II) or of formula (III).R1=H or methyl;andn=2 or more. Preferred Definitions:    m=6 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The n-type semiconductor consists of n-doped polycrystalline silicon, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannide, tin sulfide, antimony sulfide and bismuth sulphide. The p-type semiconductor consists of p-doped polycrystalline silicon, zinc antimonide, magnesium antimonide, magnesium bismuthide and copper sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochemically stable nonprotic organic solvent is selected from ether such as monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol ether, amide such as formamide and N-dimethylacetamide, organic carbonate such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate, phosphoric ester such as tricresyl phosphate, mono ethylene glycol monomethyl triphosphate and diethylene glycol monomethyl triphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate consists of polymer film made of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front and back protective elements are made of silicon resin selected from siloxane such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polydialkylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The impurities include group 13 element compound and/or group 15 element compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyvinyl alcohol-type resin has saponification degree of 50-90 mol.%. Preferred Composition: The coating liquid further contains surfactant, and inorganic fine particles. The polyvinyl alcohol-type resin contains 5-10 mol.% of structural unit of formula: -C(-R1)(-R2)-C(R3)(X-C(-R4)(-OH)-C(R5)(-OH)-R6)- (I).R1-R6=H or organic group;andX=single bond or joint chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The black liquor is pressurized to between 50-200 psig. The carbonation of the black liquor is carried out by contacting the black liquor with carbon dioxide counter currently in an amount sufficient to reduce the pH to less than 11, preferably 9-10.5. The carbonating step is carried out at 80-200 degrees C, preferably 90-150 degrees C. The carbon dioxide from the acidification step is recycled to the carbonation step. An oxidizing agent is reacted with the black liquor, preferably liquid-lignin phase prior to carbonation in an amount sufficient to eliminate or substantially reduce the odor of the resulting lignin product. The non-sulfur containing acid is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the pH to less than pH 4, preferably to between pH 1.5-4. The non-sulfur containing acid is acetic acid. The acidifying step is carried out at up to 200 degrees C to form a dense liquid-lignin phase, and up to 80-150 degrees C to form a dense liquid-lignin phase. The papermaking black liquor is at a solid content of 10-70%, preferably 30-60%. The black liquor feed from a papermaking operation is removed downstream of a tall oil soap separator. The lignin product from step (f) is pelletized. The method further involves washing the extraction of the acidified dense lignin phase to remove residual acid and ash content, thus generating purified lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode comprises positive electrode active material (2) which does not contain lithium. The positive electrode active material is chosen from sulfur, complex of sulfur and carbon, manganese dioxide and vanadium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is alkoxy-group containing silane modification polyamide-imide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The moving contact metal plate is formed using copper-nickel-silicon type alloy and copper-nickel-silicon type alloy containing magnesium (0.02-0.4 %mass), chromium (0.02-1 %mass), tin (0.1-0.8 %mass), nickel (1-4.5 %mass) and silicon (0.2-1.5 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Siloxane polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, or polydiphenylsiloxane. Chemical modifier is 3-oxobutanoic acid ethyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The fiber is glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of structural unit (II) to structural unit (I) in copolymer (A) is 99:1-1:99. The diamine compound (a') is of formula: H2N-R1-(SiO(-R3)(-R3))m-Si(-R5)(-R6)-NH2.R1,R2=alkylene;R3-R6=H, alkyl, or phenyl;andm=8-160.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer (B) is a mixture of urethane prepolymer having isocyanato group at both ends of a molecule, polyurethane-urea compound and polysiloxane urea compound. The prepolymer is obtained by reacting diisocyanate and polyol. The polyurethane-urea compound is obtained by reacting diamine compound (a) having -N-CO-N- bond and diisocyanate (b) having -N-CO-N- bond. The polysiloxane-urea compound is obtained by reacting diamine compound (a') having siloxane bond and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. The polyol is polycarbonatepolyol, polyester polyol or polyether polyol. The polycarbonatepolyol is polycarbonatediol of formula: HO-((CH2)x-O-C(=O)-O)y-(CH2)x-OH. The polyester polyol is polyester diol of formula: HO(-CH2CH2-CH(-CH3)-CH2-CH2-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-C(=O))z-CH2-CH2-CH(-CH3)-CH2CH2-OH.x=5 or 6;y=1-76;andn=1-37.Preferred Property: The release agent has arithmetic average roughness of 10 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protective atmosphere is helium, neon and/or argon. The lithium salt electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and/or lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer medium is polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polycarbonate and/or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder further comprises 2-4% of tin dioxide, and 2-6% of silver oxide. Preferred Property: The glass powder is low-melting point glass powder and the softening point is 370-550 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent (70-90 wt.%), thixotropic agent (4-15 wt.%), plasticizer (5-20 wt.%) and binder (1-10 wt.%), the organic solvent is terpineol, tributyl citrate and butyl carbitol acetate, the thixotropic agent is polyamide wax and gas-phase silicon dioxide, and the plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate, epoxidized soybean oil, lecithin and the adhesive agent is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is oxide of indium, tin, zinc and/or cadmium. The electron acceptor material utilized in the method is III-V group or II-VI group semiconductor nanometer crystal semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The low work function cathode layer is made of calcium, magnesium, cesium or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent utilized in the method is isopropanol, isooctanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and/or petroleum ether. The electron conjugated units are chosen from diketopyrrolopyrrole, benzothiadiazole or thiophene, carbazole, fluorine or benzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is chosen from glass or polyester film substrate. The electron donor material utilized in the method is polyphenylene ethylene, polyarylene vinylene, polyparaphenylene, polyarylene, polythiofuran, quinoline, porphyrin or phthalocyanine. The electron acceptor material utilized in the method is fullerene, naphthalene, quinone or their derivatives, or electron conjugated units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil layer is made of copper foil, silver foil or gold foil with the thickness of 15-35 mu m. The filler is oxides of silicon, titanium, aluminum and/or magnesium with the particle size of 0.1-5 mu m. The curing agent is an isocyanate type, a biuret type and/or an adduct type curing agent. The antioxidant is hindered phenol, phosphites, thioethers, metal ion deactivator and/or amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an ester and/or a ketone based solvent. The dispersant is fatty acids, aliphatic acid amides, lipids, wax, metal soap and/or low molecular weight wax. The anti-hydrolysis agent is carbodiimide and/or polycarbodiimide. The anti-aging agent is hindered amine, phenylpropanoid-azole and/or benzophenone. The surface treatment of the base material, the first weather resistance layer and the second weather resistance layer is performed by using a corona or a plasma treatment. The curing is performed by using hot air, thermal radiation and/or infrared radiation, where the curing temperature is 100-140 degrees C for 5-30 minutes. The thickness of the backplate is 200-500 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first adhesive is polyurethane resin or epoxy resin with the thickness of 10-25 mu m. The weather resistance resin is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluorochloroethylene and/or polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zinc salt is zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc chloride, and/or zinc acetate dihydrate. The concentration of zinc salt solution is 1-6M. The mass ratio of hollow balls, terpineol, ethyl cellulose, and anhydrous ethanol is 1:(0.8-2):(0.1-1):(5-16). Preferred Properties: The obtained electrode material has 2-6 shells, and the spheres have a diameter of 0.5-2 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The honeycomb core is made of aluminum, stainless steel metal, engineering paper, cloth, and glass fiber cloth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foam material is made of polyurethane, epoxy and phenolic aldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amounts of magnesium stearate, calcium alginate and aluminum, and inorganic alkali (sodium hydroxide) are fixed at 80 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The hydrogen production is maximum and the speed of production is stable, when both amounts are equal to 7.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte membrane is glass ceramic membrane. The transition electrolyte is lithium phosphorus oxynitride solid film, liquid organic electrolyte, ionic liquid, colloidal condition and solid state organic electrolyte deposited directly on solid electrolyte surface. The air electrode comprises an anode current collector, an air reaction layer and air transmission heat pressure. The multi-layer electrolyte lithium-air battery production method permits utilization of aluminum net, titanium net or steel mesh with aperture of 10-100 meshes as anode current collector and copper net as cathode current collector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid electrolyte comprises perchlorate, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, imidazole or trifluoromethyl sulfonate. The ionic liquid electrolyte further comprises organic solvent comprising butyl trimethyl imidazole hexafluorophosphate, propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate. Preferred Components: The concentration of the organic solvent is less than 40 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluororsenate, lithium chlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluoroantimonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid electrolyte chosen from ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxirane, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxirane, gamma -butyrolactone and acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte composition further contains nitrogen-containing polymer chosen from poly(vinylpyridine)-styrene copolymer, poly(vinylpyridine), polypyridine, poly(vinyl pyrrolidinone), polyvinyl imidazole, poly(vinylpyridine-acrylate), polypyrrole and polyaniline, liquid electrolyte, and lithium salt. The content of nitrogen-containing polymer is 0.5-10 weight%. The weight ratio of nitrogen-containing polymer and siloxane-based epoxy compound is 2-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by subjecting 5,15-dibromo-10,20-alkylcarbazolyl porphyrin of formula (A) and thieno(3,4-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole diborate at mole ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 to Suzuki coupling reaction in oxygen-free environment in the presence of catalyst (0.05-30 mol%, based on thieno(3,4-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole) and organic solvent at 50-120 degrees C for 12-72 hours to prepare solution of compound (I); depositing the copolymer solution with methanol, filtering and washing with methanol, drying to obtain crude copolymer colloid, and subsequently dissolving in toluene to obtain toluene solution of copolymer; and adding the toluene solution to aqueous solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, heating to 80-100 degrees C and stirring, separating copolymer by alumina column chromatography, washing with chlorobenzene and decompressing to remove organic solvent, and Soxhlet extracting with acetone to obtain copolymer solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductor layer comprises material selected from magnesium, hafnium, manganese, indium, gallium, bismuth, silver, aluminium, vanadium, zinc, titanium, tin, brass, bronze, germanium, gold, palladium, nickel, amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, graphite, or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductor layer comprises material selected from conjugated organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The linear very low-density polyethylene has mass flow rate of 0.5-10 g/10 minute. The linear very low-density polyethylene is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst. The adhesive resin layer contains blended material of silane modification ethylene-type resin and polyethylene-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable epoxy resin composition further contains epoxy compound (D2) containing aromatic glycidyl ether-type epoxy compound, epoxy compound (A) chosen from epoxy compound (A1) having 2 or more alicyclic rings, and epoxidized polybutadiene resin (A2) having 2 or more diene structures and 2 or more epoxy groups in a molecule, and epoxy compound (D) having 2 or more epoxy groups in a molecule. The amine-hardening agent (B) is cycloaliphatic polyamine, or isophorone diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic oxide layer consists of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The barrier layer consists of polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive plastic material is made of a styrene, a polyurethane, a foamed plastic material i.e. foam material, a conductive rubber or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material of the transparent front-side layer is thermoplastic material, which is selected from a group of ionomer, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin with ionic and covalent compounds, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene, siloxane or PE-PP co-polymer. The polymer material of the back-side layer is a cross-linking material, which is selected from a group of epoxy resin, ethyl vinyl acetate, cross-linked polymethane, polysilicon, polyorganosiloxane, cross-linked polyacrylate or a polyolefin. The ionomer is formed by partial neutralization of an ethylene-methacryl acid co-polymer or an ethylene-acryl acid copolymer with an inorganic base having cations of sodium or zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal salt is cesium carbonate, sodium-8-quinolinolate, lithium-8-quinolinolate, lithium-2-(2-pyridyl)phenolate and/or lithium-2-(2',2"-bipyridin-6'-yl)phenolate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating film contains organic polymer binder. The organic polymer binder is poly(4-vinylpyridine), poly(2-vinylpyridine) or polyethylene oxide. Preferred Property: The coating film has thickness of 1-30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic compound contains porous alumina, silica gel or zeolite. The positive electrode contains a lithium-transition metal composite oxide as a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode contains a carbon material and silicon tin as negative electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution contains carbonate-type organic solvent for dissolving lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adsorption portion (21) includes fluoropolymer compound having heat resistance at 250 degrees C or less, and inorganic compound having heat resistance at 250 degrees C or less. The fluoropolymer compound contains nonwoven fabric including a polytetrafluoroethylene or polyhexafluoropropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - At least some of the voids contain modifying component chosen from silica, solid acid comprising zirconium phosphate, and catalytic material. The catalytic material comprises metal or metal oxide. The metal is chosen from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, copper, and nickel. The metal oxide comprises material(s) chosen from titania, alumina and zirconia. Preferred Property: The voids comprise spheroids having diameter of 10-100 mu m. Preferred Process: The contacting step of ionomer with the vaporisable substance involves storing the ionomer in air at ambient humidity or impregnating the ionomer with the vaporisable substance. The heating step in the modification of ionomer involves blowing heated air on to the pre-expanded material, passing the pre-expanded material through hot zone in an oven followed by cooling zone, exposing the pre-expanded material to infrared radiation, and applying microwave energy to the pre-expanded material. The modification of ionomer further involves depositing the modifying component within at least some of the voids, mechanical grinding the expanded-ionomer material by blade grinder or ball mill, and forming configuration chosen from block, sheet, pellet, bead, and powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vaporisable substance comprises polar aprotic liquid chosen from water, alcohol, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionomer comprises polymer(s) chosen from sulfonated polystyrene, carboxylated polystyrene, amminated polystyrene, sulfonated fluoropolymer, carboxylated fluoropolymer and amminated fluoropolymer. Preferred Property: The porosity of the expanded-ionomer material is 50% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: At least one of the blocks of the copolymer is a polystyrene, preferably polyalkyl acrylate, preferably poly(n-butyl acrylate), or a polyisoprene. The block copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 0 degrees C, preferably -120 degrees C to -50 degrees C. The copolymer comprises a single block consisting of a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer material forms the electron donor and/or the single block consisting of the conjugated polymer of the block copolymer consists of poly(3-hexylthiophene). The electron acceptor material comprises at least one fullerene, preferably (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butanoate methyl (PCBM). The block of the copolymer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene-b-isoprene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-isoprene) or poly(3-hexylthiophene-b-4-vinylpyridine). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The melting point of alkali metal compound is 800 degrees C or less, preferably 400 degrees C or less. Preferred Composition: The alkali metal compound is carboxylate and/or amine, and carbonate and/or borate. The alkali metal is lithium. The content of alkali metal compound is 2 wt.% or less (excluding 0 wt.%). The electroconductive powder is silver powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The composite sealing component has a resin film. Preferred Property: The silicone gel molded product has self-adhesiveness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Fluorine-containing resin is olefin-fluoroethylene copolymer. The olefin-fluoroethylene copolymer is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The resin composition further contains elastomer. The content of elastomer is 1-25 parts mass with respect to a total of 100 parts mass of component (A and B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material contains filler, preferably inorganic filler chosen from aluminum trioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, zeolite, aluminum nitride and boron nitride. The content of the filler with respect to high molecular compound is 0.1-200 %mass. The weight average particle diameter (D50) of filler is 10 nm to 30 mu m. Preferred Process: Hydrofluoric acid is coated on semiconductor substrate before formation of application layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high molecular compound has an aromatic group, and principal chain containing element chosen from carbon, hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen and sulfur. The anionic group is chosen from sulfonic acid group, carboxyl group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group and phenolic hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high molecular compound is chosen from polyperfluoro olefin sulfonic acid derivative, sulfonated polystyrene derivative, and sulfonated polyaryl ethersulfone. The material further contains metal alkoxide, acidic compounds and fluid medium. The amount of metal alkoxide with respect to high molecular compound is 0.1-200 %mass. The fluid medium is chosen from methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol. The electrical conductivity of the high molecular compound is 1 mS/cm or more in water at 25 degree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio of small-diameter particles with respect to large-diameter particles in the porous film is increasing from ratio of small-diameter particles with respect to large-diameter particles in the microparticles. The average particle diameter of small-diameter particles is 1-200 nm. The average particle diameter of the large-diameter particles is 0.2-100 mu m. The ratio of average particle diameter of small-diameter particles and average particle diameter of the large-diameter particles is 1/1000-1/5. The weight ratio of small-diameter particles and large diameter particles is 0.1:99.9-99.9:0.1. Preferred Composition: The inorganic material is oxide semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material contains resin, and has glass transition temperature of less than 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solute comprises sodium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: At least one of the blocks of the copolymer is a polystyrene, preferably polyalkyl acrylate, preferably poly(n-butyl acrylate), or a polyisoprene. The block copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 0 degrees C, preferably -120 degrees C to -50 degrees C. The copolymer comprises a single block consisting of a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer material forms the electron donor and/or the single block consisting of the conjugated polymer of the block copolymer consists of poly(3-hexylthiophene). The electron acceptor material comprises at least one fullerene, preferably (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butanoate methyl (PCBM). The block of the copolymer comprises poly(3-hexyl thiophene-b-10 isoprene), poly(3-hexyl thiophene-b-styrene) or poly(styrene-b-isoprene). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The separated hydrocarbons have chain lengths of 1-30C, where the chain lengths vary between the ranges as a function of a type of plant biomass from which the aliphatic biopolymer is extracted. The aliphatic biopolymer is one or more of suberin, cutin and cutan. Preferred Method: The method further comprises genetically modifying the plant biomass before providing the plant biomass as the feed material or chemically modifying the aliphatic biopolymer to have selective precursors subsequent to extract the aliphatic biopolymer. The subjecting step comprises cracking the aliphatic biopolymers to form hydrocarbons and depolymerizing the remained plant biomass in an aqueous phase. The remained plant biomass comprises carbohydrates, lignin and proteins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Electrode: The work function of the electrode material in the transparent electrode is smaller than the work function of the electrode material in the counter electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Polymer: The donor unit is of formula (II).T=carbon atom, silicon atom or germanium;R3-R6=H, optionally branched 1-20C alkyl or cycloalkyl (both optionally substituted);andR4+R5=ring. EXAMPLE - (In g) dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (3.54) was added to pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid (2.5), and reacted with 2-ethyl hexylamine to obtain 4,7-dibromo-2-(2-propyl-hexyl)-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyridine-1,3-dione (2.0). The obtained compound and 4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2,6-di(trimethyl stannyl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene (0.43) were reacted in presence of tetrakis triphenyl phosphine palladium (0.12). The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and precipitated with methanol to obtain conjugated polymer with number average molecular weight of 29000 and polydispersion index of 1.8. The organic photoelectric conversion element produced using the conjugated polymer had high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent durability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Pigment: The titanium pigment has average particle size of 1-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The thickness ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer:intermediate layer:polyvinylidene fluoride layer is (5-8):(2-100):(5-80). The polyvinylidene fluoride layer comprises (in parts weight) polyvinylidene fluoride resin (5-50), titanium pigment (0.1-10), dimethylformamide (10-300) and triphenyl phosphate (0-30). The polyvinylidene fluoride has molecular weight of 500000-1500000. The copolymer of ethylene vinyl acetate has molecular weight of 5000-500000. The polymethyl methacrylate has molecular weight of 3000-600000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nylon 66 is white semitranslucent cylindrical shape particle. The carbon fiber is nano carbon fiber. The ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer fiber is in nanopowder form. The glass fiber is non-alkali glass fiber. The antistatic agent is special antistatic agent having melting point at 180 degrees C and heat resistance at 300 degrees C. The antioxidant is white powder antioxidant HG-168 having melting point at 180 degrees C. The masterbatch is white, black or blue in color. The antiblocking agent is fluorine containing silicone oil. Preferred Method: The rotating speed of the mixer is controlled to 40-70 n/minute and the rotating time is controlled to 30-40 minutes. The extrusion is performed at 145-160 degrees C in first region, at 155-175 degrees C in second region, at 180-195 degrees C in third region, at 195-205 degrees C in forth region, at 195-205 degrees C in fifth region and at 210-220 degrees C in sixth region under pressure of 0.03-0.05 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell panel has a monolayer containing hard domain and soft domain, and intermediate layer of hard domain and soft domain. The solar energy-generating apparatus further contains a soft domain (b') having material different from soft domain (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The soft domain includes ethylene-vinyl acetate type resin. The hard domain comprises polyamide. The soft domain (b') comprises polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite material further contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and/or aluminum nanoparticles. Preferred Properties: The nanofiber film has porosity of 40-70% and thickness of 16-60 mu m. The middle layer has thickness of 6-25 mu m. The primary outer layer and secondary outer layer have thickness of 5-15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The middle layer contains polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyester, polysulfone and/or polymethylmethacrylate. The primary outer layer and secondary outer layer contain polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile and/or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of poly 3-hexylthiophene and (6,6)-C61-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester is 1:2-2:1. The concentration of the mixed solution is 8-30 mg/ml, and the flow rate of the gas is 5100 ml/second and time is 30-300 seconds. Preferred Components: The solvent is dichlorobenzene or chlorobenzene. The poor solvent is normal hexane, toluene, methyl-phenoxide, cyclohexanone and n-heptane. The gas is nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ingredient A and the ingredient B are mixed according to the proportion of 10:1. The hydroxylated acrylic resin is: present at 30-40 wt.%; and composed of polyester modified branch chain type hydroxylated acrylic resin with molecular weight of 2000-3000. The fatty isocyanate comprises biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer. The adhesion force accelerant is adhesion promoters with hydroxyl and adhesion promoters with carboxyl compound. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent and titanate coupling agent. The thixotropic agent is composed of modified urea type thixotropic agent and gaseous silicon dioxide thixotropic agent. The solvent is butyl acetate. The delustering agent is gaseous silicon dioxide. The wetting dispersing agent is polyamine block polymer solution type wetting dispersing agent. The content of the wetting dispersing agent is 1-2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte contains lithium bisperfluoroethylsulfonyl imide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent further contains linear carbonate ester. The cyclic carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. The ether compound is chosen from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1, 4-dioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and their derivatives. The linear carbonate ester is obtained from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Potassium hydroxide having concentration of 1-5 M is added during manufacture of polybenzimidazole-based polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The functional group is chosen from carboxylic acid, cyanogen, and fluorine and sulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The benzimidazole-based polymer is sulfonated poly(2,5-benzimidazole)-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binary sand of SiC and Si comprise (%) SiC (5-50) with particle size of greater than or equal to 30 mu m, Si (95-49) with particle size of less than or equal to 10 mu m, iron (Fe, less than or equal to 0.3) and other components ( less than or equal to 0.7) with particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu ; and the comprehensive particle size area is 1000-3000 meshes. Preferred Processes: The HCl gas participating in reaction is HCl gas produced from potassium sulfate; the gas is frozen and dewatered until the HCl content is greater than or equal to 95% and the water content is less than or equal to 0.1%. The dried binary sand of SiC and Si-containing HCl gas are sprayed into reactor of entrained flow bed to form rotational flow, separate and settle unreacted SiC, at 200-400 degrees C; discharging reaction product from upper part of the entrained flow bed into separating and purifying system; and separating SiC micropowders through rotational flow periodically recycled from bottom of the entrained flow bed. The reaction products of silicon chloride hydride (SiHCl3) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas of entrained flow bed comprising parts of solid particles are separated from reactor of entrained flow bed into separating and purifying system; the solid particles e.g. SiC are separated and recycled with dedusting and purifying device; particles are treated by rectifying and purifying device to obtain high-quality trichlorosilane product as raw material to prepare photovoltaic crystalline silicon or organic silane, alkyl, aryl and synthesis raw material of chlorosilane of organic functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The trough is made of steel, aluminum and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The trough is made of synthetic or thermoplastic material with casting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is benzylidene bis(triclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium, benzylidene(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2 imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium, tungsten phenoxide catalysts activated by trialkyl or triaryltin hydrides or ethyl aluminum chlorides, ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate, potassium hexachlororuthenate(IV), and/or ruthenium(II) hexaaqua tosylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The renewable oil molecules are present at a weight ratio to the polymer of 30-99%. The cyclic alkenes have a cyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic structure comprising three-membered rings, four membered rings, five-membered rings and/or eight-membered rings. The oil is modified to contain an alkene moiety comprising a strained ring monocyclic alkene, a bicyclic alkene and/or polycyclic alkene. The oil contains one or more cyclic double bonds. The comonomer is functionalized oil, dicyclopentadiene or a strained ring alkene system. The weight ratio of the oil to the comonomer is 30:70-100:1. The renewable oil is linseed oil. The renewable oil contains a functional moiety comprising norbornene, cyclic alkenes, bicyclic alkenes, and/or polycyclic alkenes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises reacting the renewable oil with a transition metal-containing catalyst. The method is performed at room temperature. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active layer consists of polythiophene derivative and fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electroconductive polymeric layer is chosen from polyethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and polyaniline/PSS. The thermoplastic resin layer is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin and polyvinyl butyral resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Amount of ethylenic unsaturated silane compound is 0.001-15 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of resin component. Amount of crosslinking agent is 0.5-2 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of resin component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass powder is selected from silica, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconia and molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type diffused layer formation composition further comprises thermosetting agent or photocuring agent. The donor element is selected from phosphorus compound and antimony compound, preferably phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide and antimony trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The gustative or olfactory deterrent is released from the coating upon contact with sweat or saliva. The biocompatible coating comprises a conductive polymer matrix enclosing the gustative or olfactory deterrent, where the conductive polymer matrix comprises a polymer selected from polypyrroles, polyoxometalates and polythiophenes. It is covered by a further biocompatible water-soluble conductive layer. The further biocompatible water-soluble conductive layer comprises poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropenesulfonic acid) or polyaniline-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid). The biocompatible coating is a water-soluble coating. It is oil-based. The gustative deterrent is a composition comprising a compound selected from quinine, benzoic benzyl amine amide, a denatonium-based compound such as denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide salts, sucrose octa-acetate, capsaicin, piperine and a pelargonic acid derivate such as pelargonic acid morpholide. Olfactory deterrent is a composition comprising a compound selected from isovaleric acid, butyric acid, civet oil and its derivatives. Preferred Method: In manufacturing battery, the step of providing the coating comprises applying the coating by ink-jet printing. The coating is a liquid, and the step of providing the coating comprises immersing the battery in the liquid. The step of providing the coating comprises forming a conductive polymer matrix on the outer surface and embedding the gustative or olfactory deterrent in the coating. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rechargeable battery is Lithium polymer battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic type aromatic compound is chosen from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinoxaline and their derivatives. The substituted n-type conductive polymer is of formula (-R1-(OR2)n-OR3). The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic type aromatic compound has hydrophilic group chosen from hydroxyl group, amino group, thiol group, carboxyl group, amide group and sulfo group as a structural unit.R1=direct coupling group or 1-3C alkylene;OR2=2-4C oxyalkylene;R3=1-12C linear or branched alkyl;andn=0-15.Preferred Composition: The ratio of the substituted n-type conductive polymer and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic type aromatic compound is 10-100 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder contains cellulose derivative, styrene-butadiene rubber and high molecular compound consisting of polyacrylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass powder contains a glass component substance that is selected from silicon dioxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide or molybdenum trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant consists of the organophosphate ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises (wt.%): linear low density polyethylene (0.5-1.5), polyolefin ( less than or equal to 2), unhydrogenated block copolymers ( less than or equal to 2), carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid anhydrides ( less than or equal to 2), reinforcing fillers ( less than or equal to 1), and electrically conductive fillers ( less than or equal to 1). Preferred Components: The polytetrafluoroethylene comprises polytetrafluoroethylene grafted and/or coated with poly(styrene-acrylonitrile). The hydrogenated block copolymer comprises polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene triblock copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 200000 atomic mass units. The styrenic polymer consists of homopolystyrene. EXAMPLE - A molding composition (test) comprising (wt.%): poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE 0.46) (70), atactic polystyrene (PS) (7.5), polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) (5.7), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) (1.3), poly(styrene-acrylonitrile)-encapsulated polytetrafluoroethylene (TSAN) (0.27), tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (TBPP) (0.09), magnesium oxide (0.12), zinc sulfide (0.12), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPADP) (14.9) was prepared. A molding composition (comparative) comprising (wt.%): PPE 0.46 (66.95), high-impact polystyrene (rubber-modified polystyrene) (HIPS) (18.65), LLDPE (1.3), TBPP (0.09), magnesium oxide (0.13), zinc sulfide (0.13), and BPADP (12.75) was prepared. Both compositions were tested for notched Izod impact strength value. The notched Izod impact (J/m) for test/comparative was 250/100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The isolating component is made of polyethylene terephthalate, or polyethylene terephthalate and ethylene vinyl acetate, or polyvinylfluoride and polyethylene terephthalate, or PTFE and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber layer consists of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide. The junction partner layer consists of indium selenide, indium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium-zinc-indium-sulfide (CdZInS), cadmium-zinc sulfide (CdZnS), zinc-indium-selenide, cadmium sulfide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide or doped zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The diaphragm is made of plastic, rubber, rubber derivative, silicone rubber or an elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal harvester is made from a group consisting of mercury cadmium telluride, mercury zinc telluride, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, gallium arsenic and lead telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The corner alignment ring is made from one of stainless steel, copper and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel has a corner alignment ring made of polymer i.e. rubber. The panel has an insulator panel made of expanded or extruded polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The durable material for the frame structure is selected from group consisting of a metal e.g. aluminum and titanium, and steel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxy group of alkoxy silyl alkyl group is methoxy group. The alkoxy silyl alkyl modified-triaryl isocyanurate is a mixture of 1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-3,5-bis(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (A) and 1,3-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl)-5-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (B). The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 0.7-1.5. The content of alkoxy silyl alkyl modified-triaryl isocyanurate with respect to 100 parts mass of polyethylene-type resin is 0.2-2.5 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal substrate comprises silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, metal foil, metal oxide, highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, a c-oriented sapphire wafer and/or zinc sulfide. The protective layer comprises copper, nickel, palladium, gold, silver, aluminum, molybdenum, copper oxide, nickel oxide, palladium oxide, aluminum oxide, molybdenum oxide, silicon oxide, germanium oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, lithium nitride, copper nitride, magnesium nitride, beryllium nitride, calcium nitride, tristrontium dinitride and/or barium nitride. The catalyst layer is made of nickel, cobalt, iron, gold, palladium, aluminum, chromium, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, rhodium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium and/or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover is made of a transparent plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particle size of the cadmium sulfide microparticles, cadmium selenide microparticles, or chalco pearlite-type compound microparticles is 1/5 or less of the particle size of semiconductor oxide microparticles (3), preferably of 1/10 or less. The oxide semiconductor grain layer containing titanium oxide provided in the light transmissive electrode plane. The oxide semiconductors are anatase-type titanium oxide or zinc oxide, and tin oxide or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A binder (2-10 wt.%) chosen from vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonation lignin, polyethylene oxide and glycerol is further added to a paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base portion consists of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The sulfide glass further contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or oxygen. Preferred Properties: The sulfide glass has average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m, preferably 0.5-4 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive functional group is chosen from hydroxyl group, amide group, cyano group, carboxyl group, sulfonic group, epoxy group and amino group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The main chain of adhesive polymer contains an unsaturated hydrocarbon backbone. The adhesive polymer contains adhesive functional group (1x 10-5-1x 10-3 wt.%, preferably 1x 10-4-5x 10-4 wt.%) having oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and/or double bonds, as a terminal functional group. The adhesive polymer is chosen from butylene rubber having adhesive functional group, ethylene rubber having adhesive functional group, propylene rubber having adhesive functional group, polyvinyl alcohol having adhesive functional group and styrene-butadiene rubber having adhesive functional group. The amount of adhesive polymer is 0.01-10 wt.%, preferably 1-5 wt.% with respect to sulfide glass. Preferred Properties: The adhesive polymer has weight average molecular weight of 50000-500000, preferably 100000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The profile is made of plastic i.e. PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfur-type antioxidant is chosen from sulfur-containing compound(s) of formulae (I)-(III).R3=H, alkyl or metal carboxylate;R4-R12=H or alkyl;R13=H, alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or amino;andR14,R15=H, alkyl or alkenyl.Preferred Composition: The solar cell sealing material further comprises (in parts weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer) hindered phenolic antioxidant (0.01-0.5), silane coupling agent (0.1-5), crosslinking agent (0.1-3), crosslinking adjuvant (0.05-5) and component (a) (0.005-5) chosen from ultraviolet absorber, heat-resistant stabilizer, and hindered amine-type optical stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-nonconjugated-polyene copolymer comprising 80-90 mol% of structural unit derived from ethylene, 10-20 mol% of structural unit derived from 3-20C ( alpha )-olefin and 0.0-5 mol% of structural unit derived from nonconjugated-polyene, and has density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The balance counterweight cover and pressure needle are cylindrical structures. The diameter of the hollow part of the counterweight cover fits with the diameter of the pressure needle to ensure one end of the pressing needle is inserted from one end of the counterweight cover. One end of the counterweight cover is provided with a screw hole, where the screw hole and hollow part of the counterweight cover are connected. The pressing needle is inserted from the end provided with the screw hole of the counterweight cover. A top wire is inserted in the screw hole of counterweight cover. The pressing device is further comprises an O-shaped rubber ring, which is set on the pressing needle. The O-shaped rubber ring is connected to the end of the counterweight cover. The O-shaped rubber ring is relatively fixed with the pressing needle and the end of the counterweight cover. The pressing needle is made of ceramic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The master mixture is mixed in suspension of fluorinated polymer particles such as polyvinylidene fluoride in water, a suspension of acrylic particles in water or an emulsion of thermo hardening polymer particles in water, or thermoplastic polymer. The thermosetting matrix is an epoxy resin of bisphenol A or F, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane or polyol. The main material mixture includes a polymeric binder selected from polysaccharides, acrylic polyethers, polyesters, polymers, polycarbonates, polyimines, polyamides, polyacrylamides, polyurethans and polyepoxydes. The mixture includes thermosetting resin such as thermosetting polyesters, epoxy resins, vinyl esters, phenolic resins, polyurethanes, cyanoacrylates, polyimides such as bismaleimide resins, aminos resulting from reaction of an amine such as melamine with aldehyde such as glyoxal or formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Mesh-shaped polyester nonwoven fabric having an opening is used as a nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffer material layer is made of polydienes (PE), polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly (PBI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The frame of solar photovoltaic assembly comprises (in parts weight): nylon 66 (70, 90 or 80), ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer fiber (6, 4 or 5), carbon fiber (8, 5 or 6.5), glass fiber (12, 15 or 10), antistatic agent (1.5, 3 or 2.2), antioxidant (1 or 1.6), masterbatch (4, 3 or 3.5) and anti-blocking agent (2, 2.5 or 3). Preferred Components: The nylon 66 is white semitransparent cylindrical polyamide particle having molecule weight of 20000. The carbon fiber is nanocarbon fiber powder. The ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer fiber is nanoscale fiber powder. The glass fiber is alkali-free nanoscale glass fiber. The antistatic agent is E-308 having melting point of 180 degrees C, temperature resistance at 300 degrees C and appearance of particulate nylon. The antioxidant is white powder antioxidant of model HG-168 and having melting point of 180 degrees C. The color of the masterbatch is white, black, or blue. The anti-blocking agent is fluorine-containing silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the PET layer is 250-300 mu m. The adhesive layer comprises tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV) radiation grafting with function of adhesive layer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having thickness of 3-6 microns. The function monomer is acrylic acid or maleic anhydride. The PET in the PET layer and high fluoro-mixcrystal thin film layer is adhered by adhesive layer at 100-120 degrees C for 3-5 minutes. The fluoromixcrystal thin film layer is composed of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) film and THV with crystal, and has thickness of 28-35 microns. The light reflecting layer is added to water and titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, and having thickness of 3-6 mu m. The PU pouring layer has a thickness of 2-3 mu m. The grafting rate of the radiation grafting is 1-1.5%. The weight ratio of FEP, PFA, and THV is 100:10-20:10-20. The amount of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are 15-25% of polyacrylic acid. The mass percentage of titanium dioxide to zinc oxide is 60-80%mass:20-40%mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Mirror surface substrate is glass sheet covered with copper film, where polishing sheet is mirror surface or polishing to mirror surface of stainless steel sheet. Preferred Method: Solvent film method comprises dissolving acetic acid copolymer in toluene for obtaining acetic acid copolymer toluene solution, and adding graphene oxide to acetic acid copolymer in toluene solution; and ultrasonic dispersing to form mixed liquid, and pouring mixed solution to prepare film absorbing layer processed into mirror surface of substrate to obtain coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Thickness of absorbing layer is 20-200 mu m. The absorption layer comprises (wt.%): graphene oxide (10-12) and acetic acid copolymer (88-90).
Preferred Definitions:    Ar=monomer of formula II, III, IV, V, or VI; and    R=H, or 1-20C alkyl or alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is acetone, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl carbonate, polycarbonate, and/or ethyl cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: PVDF copolymer is polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-10% hexafluoropropylene. Glue solution A contains 10-30% solid. Diluted glue solution B contains 0.1-10% solid. Base diaphragm is single layer or multilayer polypropylene (PP) or PP or multilayer of PP/polyethylene (PE)/PP.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyphosphazene material comprises polystyrene oxygen base phosphonic nitrile or five fluorine ethoxy poly phosphonic nitrile. The polyphosphazene nano material comprises polyphosphazene micron sphere, polyphosphazene micron tube, polyphosphazene micron fiber, polyphosphazene micron particle and polyphosphazene nano particles. The basilemma has a thickness of 100-350 (preferably 210-320) microns. The polyphosphazene coating has a thickness of 3-20 (preferably 10-20) microns. The polyester material comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphtalate. Preferred Components: The solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methylbenzene and/or acetic ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The base is carbonate or phosphate. The transition metal complex is palladium complex. Preferred Definitions:    A=heteroarylene group or groups of formulae (i)-(iii);    R41,R42=H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, cyano or nitro;    C of R41+C of R42=cyclic structure;    Y'=-S-, -O-, -Se-, -NR51- or -CR61=CR62;    R51,R61,R62=H, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;    R71,R72,R81-R84=H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl or heteroaryl;    u,v=1-5;    C of R71+C of R72 and C of R81+C of R82=cyclic structure;    m1+n1,m2+n2,m3+n3,m4+n4=2;    E=arylene or heteroarylene;and    X1,X2=chloro, bromo or iodo.    EXAMPLE - Toluene (in g) (1.5), N-methyl imino diacetic acid (2.07) and 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diboronic acid were mixed and refluxed for 5 hours. The obtained precipitate was washed with water and methanol, and dried to produce diboronic acid derivative at yield of 92%. The obtained compound (50 mg), tetrahydrofuran (61.5 mg), 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctyl fluorene (0.25 mg), palladium acetate (50 ml) and tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (0.79 mg) were mixed. The reaction liquid was refluxed for 9 hours to produce high molecular compound having number average molecular weight of 3x 104 and weight average molecular weight of 1.5x 105.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises glass or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor layer comprises copper-indium-gallium selenide, cadmium telluride or copper-zinc-tin selenide. The electrode layers and plate interconnection layer comprise molybdenum, aluminum, silver, gold, copper, platinum, nickel, palladium, titanium, tin, antimony, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium or cadmium. The semiconductor layer comprises zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, gadolinium oxide or amorphous silicon. The buffer layer cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide (ZnOx, where x is not defined), zinc sulfide (ZnSx), zinc selenide, zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)x), indium hydroxyl sulfide (In(OH)xSy, where y is not defined) or indium sulfide. The low-reflection layer comprises silicon nitride (SixNy), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process - The hydroxyl group or carboxyl groups of the central elements of aluminum phosphate is mixed with the coupling agent Preferred Components: The concentration of the silver powder is 86 wt.%, the glass frit is 2 wt.%, the binder is 4 wt.%, the organic solvent is 7 wt.%, and the additive is 1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing hydroquinone and ascorbic acid with the organic reductant, to obtain paste. The method utilizes a dispersing agent comprising gum arabic and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium (II) acetate, or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or tricyclohexylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphine ligand is 1:2-20. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, and/or methylbenzene. The oxygen-free environment comprises nitrogen gas and/or inert gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by subjecting 5,15-dibromo-10,20-alkylcarbazolyl porphyrin of formula (A) and thieno(3,4-b)pyrazine diborate at mole ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 to Suzuki coupling reaction in oxygen-free environment in the presence of catalyst (0.05-30 mol%, based on thieno(3,4-b)pyrazine diborate) and organic solvent at 50-120 degrees C for 12-72 hours to produce solution of compound (I); precipitating the copolymer solution with methanol, filtering, washing with methanol, and drying to obtain crude copolymer colloid; and dissolving colloid in toluene, adding toluene solution to aqueous solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, heating to 80-100 degrees C and stirring, separating copolymer by alumina column chromatography, washing with chlorobenzene, decompressing to remove organic solvent, and Soxhlet extracting with acetone to obtain copolymer solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner pipe is made of copper or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer pipe is made of synthetic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer support material has thickness of 220-350 mu m. The polymer of support material is produced using titanium catalyst. The polymer support material contains polyethylene terephthalate. The carboxyl content of polyethylene terephthalate is 2-35 equivalent/t with respect to polymer support material. The polymer support material is heat-processed at the temperature of 180-220 degrees C. The protection sheet further consists of secondary polymer layer (14) and colored layer in the other side of the primary polymer layer. The primary and secondary polymer layers contain crosslinked structure derived from carbodiimide or oxazoline crosslinking agent. The secondary polymer layer further contains organic or inorganic fine-particles. The content of the organic or inorganic fine-particles is 25 %mass or less with respect to the main binder. The content of crosslinking agent of the crosslinked structure is 0.5-50 mass% with respect to the main binder of secondary polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The back sheet further contains heat insulating material containing carbon material and metal particles. The carbon material is graphite, graphene, carbon nanofiber or carbon nanotube. The metal particles are aluminum, gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, tungsten or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material is radiation-cured polymeric material which is cured using radiation sources chosen from ultraviolet, infrared, electron Beam and X-ray. The polymeric material is cured with chemical agent. The struts are adjoined using one or more connectors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pipes are made from corrosion-resistant material such as copper or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The amorphous alloy does not contain chromium and phosphorus, and contains nickel (66 atomic% or more), molybdenum, niobium, boron. The boron is contained as a semimetal for forming amorphous alloy. The amorphous alloy further contains copper. The amorphous alloy contains nickel-molybdenum-niobium-boron alloy of formula: Ni100-x-y-zMoxNbyBz or nickel-molybdenum-niobium-copper-boron alloy of formula: Ni100-v-x-y-zMovNbxCuy'Bz, where x,v are 0.1-15 atomic%, y is 0.1-15 atomic%, y' is 0.1-5 atomic% and z is 5-25 atomic%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium boric acid further contains element (M2) chosen from copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold and palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid electrolyte cell further consists of resin substrate (10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step is performed at 60-100 degrees C. The drying step is performed at 90-150 degrees C. The calcining step is performed at 500-900 degrees C. Preferred Components: The first nitrate salt is sodium nitrate and the second nitrate salt is manganese nitrate. The initiator is ammonium persulfate. The polyacrylates are polyacrylates of sodium and manganese. The molar ratio of sodium nitrate, manganese nitrate, and acrylic acid is 0.1:1.5:2.5-1:2.5:3.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The edge reinforcement structure has at least one water drainage channel on outer side of the solar module. The water drainage channel has a width of 0.5-5 mm, preferably 2.5-5 mm. The edge reinforcement structure overlaps at least one circumferential edge region (9) of the front screen by at least 0.2 cm, preferably at least 0.5 cm. The carrier layer has a circumferential projection over the front screen by at least 0.3 cm, or 0.5-5 cm, preferably 1-2 cm, and the edge reinforcement structure is arranged at least partially above the projection. The crystalline solar cell is a monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar cell, and contains a doped semiconductor material, preferably made of silicon or gallium-arsenide, or a tandem cell having a crystalline solar cell. The difference between a first thermal expansion coefficient of the carrier layer and a second thermal expansion coefficient of the front screen is less than 300%, preferably less than 7% of the second thermal expansion coefficient. The carrier layer has a glass-fiber reinforced plastic material with the first thermal expansion coefficient in a range of (7.3x 10-6/K)-(35x 10-6/K). The carrier layer is a metal foil having a first thermal expansion coefficient of (7.3x 10-6/K)-(10.5x 10-6/K) and includes the first intermediate layer, a stacking sequence including at least a first adhesive layer, an insulating layer and a second adhesive layer. The solar module is screwed with the roof cladding in the region of the edge reinforcement structure, and/or is fixed by at least one holding rail. Preferred Method: The method includes extruding a strand having the cross section of the edge reinforcement structure, which is divided into segments, and introducing the water drainage channel into the segments, in the step (v). The edge reinforcement structure is formed by reaction injection molding, or by an injection molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell contains silicon or gallium-arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoroplastic consists of copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluorethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide particle is titanium dioxide particle. The amount of metal oxide particle in the form of titanium dioxide with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface of 50 plus minus 5 or 90 plus minus 10 m2/g is 40 wt.% or 30 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of (I), preferably isopropanol is at least 90 vol.%. The alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylic acid is sorbic acid. The weight ratio of the metal oxide particle and sorbic acid is 20:1-40:1. In (b), the amount of isopropanol and sorbic acid is 95-99 wt.% and 1-5 wt.%, respectively. The dispersion exhibits a viscosity of less than 750 mPa.s at 23 degrees C and a shear rate of 10 s-1. EXAMPLE - Aeroxide TiO2 P 25 (RTM: Hydrophilic fumed titania) (28 kg) was added to a solution of isopropanol (41 kg), sorbic acid (770 g) and ethylene glycol (56 g) and sheared for 10 minutes at 3000 revolutions/minute to obtain a predispersion. The predispersion was milled twice using Sugino Ultimaizer HJP-25050 at 2500 bar to obtain corresponding metal oxide dispersion with a diameter of 0.25 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The photoreceptor layer contains semiconductor fine particles (22), which are titanium oxide particles. The photoreceptor layer has two or more layers, and semiconductor fine particles of each layer have different average particle diameter. The average particle diameter of semiconductor fine particles contained in semiconductor layer nearest to light receiving surface side is less than average particle diameter of fine particles contained in other porous semiconductor layer. The variation coefficient of particle size distribution of semiconductor fine particles in semiconductor layer nearest to light receiving surface side is 10 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer contains hole transport compound having triphenyl amine structure, compound having group chosen from arylene, bivalent aromatic heterocyclic group, ethenylene group and ethynylene group, condensed polycyclic aromatic compound and phthalocyanine compound. The hole transport compound is preferably conjugated compound having thiophene ring structure or compound having spiro structure. The hole transport compound is monomer, oligomer, prepolymer or polymer. Preferred Definitions:    M=ruthenium, iron, osmium, or copper, preferred ruthenium;    m1,m2=1;    m3=1 or 2;    LL2=bidentate or tridentate ligand of formula (V-1);    R151=carboxy, sulfonic acid, hydroxy, hydroxamic acid, phosphoryl or phosphonyl;    R159=substituent;    e1=0-4;    e9=0-6;    LL1=bidentate or tridentate ligand of formulae (IV-1) to (IV-3);    R101,R102,R107=R159;    R103,R104,R108,R125-R128=R159;and    R121-R124=H, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal ion or its salt of periodic-table 1st group or 2nd group is lithium ion or its salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The substituent (i) is of formula: -O-C(-R4)2-COOR3 (ii).R4=H, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The siloxane oligomer further includes partial structure of formula: R2O-Si(-R1)(-OR2)-O-(1a), partial structure of formula: -Si(-R1)(-OR2)-O- (1b), partial structure of formula: -Si(-O-)(-OR2)-O- (1c), partial structure of formula: -Si(-O-)(-R1)-O- (1d) and/or partial structure of formula: -Si(-O-)2-O- (1e). When molar fractions of the partial structures (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d) and (1e) are xa, xb, xc, xd and xe, respectively, the branch molar fraction (xc+xd+xe) is 40 mol% or less. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-4C alkyl or 2-4C alkenyl;    Q1=1-5C alkylene;    R3,R4=H or 1-4C alkyl;    R2=alkyl substituted by unsubstituted alkyl or cyano, or alkyl substituted by halo;and    -OR2=substituent of formula (i).    The molar fraction of substituent (i) with respect to the total molar quantity of -R1 and -OR2 in all structure (I) contained in the siloxane oligomer is 25-75 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is formed of indium tin oxide, silver, gold, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A transparent electrode layer is formed of polymer material having thickness of 50-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower support portion is made of plastic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is ethylene- alpha -olefin-non-conjugated polyene copolymer, and has structural unit (80-90 mol%) derived from ethylene and structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin (10-20 mol% or 9.99-19.99 mol%), and has density of 865-884 kg/m3 based on ASTM D1505. The sealing material further contains silane coupling agent (0.1-5 parts weight) and crosslinking agent (0.1-3 parts weight) having half life temperature of 100-180 degrees C for 1 minute, ultraviolet absorber and/or heat-resistant stabilizer (0.005-5 parts weight) and crosslinking adjuvant (0.05-5 parts weight). Preferred Property: The ratio of weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of the ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 1.2-3.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode consists of mixture of negative electrode active material, conductive support agent and binder, and an electroconductive silicon composite component. The conductive support agent is fibrous carbon compound. The positive electrode contains complex oxide containing metal oxide (AMO2, where A is alkali metal and M is transition metal and nontransition metal), metal oxide (AM2O4, where A is alkali metal, and M is transition metal and nontransition metal), metal oxide (A2MO3, where A is alkali metal, and M is transition metal and nontransition metal) and metal oxide (AMBO4, where A is alkali metal, B is phosphorus or silicon, and M transition metal, and nontransition metal). The positive electrode consists of mixture of positive electrode active material, conductive support agent, and binder. The positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt complex oxide, lithium manganese complex oxide, lithium nickel complex oxide, lithium iron phosphate compound having olivine structure, lithium manganese cobalt nickel lithium nickel cobalt complex oxide, lithium manganese cobalt complex oxide or lithium manganese nickel complex oxide. The electrolytic composition contains aprotic organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aprotic organic solvent is ethers and ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of polyether copolymer is 50000-2500000. Preferred Process: The polyether copolymer is obtained by polymerizing repeating units derived from monomer (5-95 mol%) (I), repeating units derived from oxirane compound (95-5 mol%) and repeating units derived from monomer (0-10 mol%) (II) or crosslinked material, on the main surface of positive electrode and/or negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Area which absorbs light at wavelength of less than or equal to 380 nm contains zinc oxide or titanium oxide. Photoelectric converting layer contains titanium oxide of porous structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Area which absorbs light at wavelength of less than or equal to 380 nm contains triazine benzophenone series compound, benzotriazole-type compound, or benzoate-type compound. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=6-14C alkyl group or cycloalkyl group, greater than or equal to 6C aryl group, or oxyethylene group;    R5-R9= greater than or equal to 6C alkyl group, greater than or equal to 6C aryl group, or oxyethylene group; and    n=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises nano silicon dioxide, nano-titanium dioxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano zinc oxide, nano alumina, nano tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride, nano calcium carbonate and/or hollow glass micro-bead. The bottom layer comprises crosslinking agent comprising peroxide ester, peroxide ketal and/or alkane peroxide, or polymer, urea resin of oxazoline group, a melamine resin and/or an epoxy resin. The auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, UV absorbent, light stabilizer or tackifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin is vinylidene fluoride resin, fluorine resin and/or tetra-fluorine type resin. The epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, glycidyl ether type resin and/or aliphatic glycidyl ether resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hole collecting electrode layer is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide and aluminum zinc oxide. The organic layer is made of metal phthalocyanine complex and polythiophene derivative. The electronic collecting electrode layer is made of magnesium and calcium. The metal grid auxiliary electrode layer is made of carbon using etching process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation of the spherical silver powder comprises:(A) preparing reaction base solution by dissolving polyvinyl pyrrolidone as protective agent in water to prepare a protective agent solution; taking L-ascorbic acid as reducing agent to prepare reaction agent solution; and uniformly mixing the protective agent solution with the reducing agent solution;(B) adding silver nitrate solution to the reaction base solution at a constant flow rate; keeping reaction for 30 minutes to 1 hour; real-time monitoring pH value of the reaction system during the process from dropping silver nitrate solution to the end of the reaction; real-time adjusting pH value at 3-6 by dropping ammonia water; and controlling reduction reaction at 15-45 degrees C; and(C) post-processing by separating solids and liquids, washing solid products, and drying.The concentration of silver nitrate is controlled at 34-340 g/L. The concentration of the protective agent is controlled at 15-150 g/L. The constant flow rate of dropping silver nitrate is controlled at 30-3000 mL/minute. Argon is stirred at 200-400 revolutions/minute and filled at 5-15 L/minute. Preferred Component: The grain size of D50 is 1.5-3.5 mu m. The mass ratio of silver nitrate to polyvinyl pyrrolidone is 1:(0.4-1.5). The concentration of the reducing agent is 12-42 g/L. The dosage of the reducing agent accounts for 100-350% of its theoretical amount. The mass concentration of ammonia water is 4-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The conductive film material as a cathode is obtained by modifying conductive polypyrrole polymer. The anode is made of iron or aluminum material, and the flocculating agent is produced during the corrosion process. The anode is made of carbon fiber material for increasing the membrane-forming load of the microbial membrane for forming a biofilm membrane bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Polymerization degree (n) of triphenylamine base substance is 20-50. Preferred Components: Carbohydrate compound is glyceric aldehyde, erythrose, threose, ribose, pectin, xylose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, and/or d-galactose talose. Preferred Process: Quantum dot sensitized solar cell is assembled by dissolving the organic porous material in acetonitrile, dichloromethane or ethanol to obtain a diluted solution with concentration of 0.01-0.5 mol/L, dripping to light anode of quantum dot sensitized solar cell by spin coating to volatilize the solvent, and evaporating the counter electrode in the light anode of the quantum dot sensitized solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer is one of epoxy resin glue, polyamide glue, organic silica gel or acrylic resin glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite material comprises thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, graphite powder and white oil in weight ratio of 199-202:8-10:1-1.2, where the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with type of 8798A, the graphite powder has particle size of 1-20 mu m and white oil is No.10 white oil. Preferred Method: The mixture is heated at 190-230 degrees C. The injection process is three level injection comprising primary, secondary and tertiary injections. The primary injection is performed by injecting mixture (1-15%) at a pressure of 60-110 bar, secondary injection is performed by injecting mixture (1-10%) at pressure of 60-135 bar and tertiary injection is performed by injecting mixture (1-5%) at a pressure of 60-135 bar, where the pressure is maintained for 5-15 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl vinyl ether monomer is selected from free linear chain alkyl vinyl ether monomer, branched chain alkyl vinyl ether monomer, naphthenic alkyl vinyl ether monomer, and/or hydroxyl alkyl vinyl ether monomer. The adhesive accelerator is of formula (C2H5O)3SiNH2 or (C2H5O)3Si(MeO)3Si.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoro-resin contains homopolymer or copolymer formed by fluorinated alkene groups composed of trifluorochloroethylene, and/or tetrafluoroethylene. The fluoro-resin contains copolymer formed by trifluorochloroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether monomer. The substrate contains polyester resin, polyacrylate resin, polyolefin resin, polycycloolefin resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose triacetate, and/or polylactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder comprises peroxide (50-80), oxide component (10-30), boron oxide (5-20), aluminum oxide (3-15), alkali metal oxide or alkaline-earth metal oxide (2-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The spherical aluminum powder has average grain size of 6 mu m and purity of more than 99.5%. Preferred Composition: The alkali metal oxide is sodium oxide or potassium oxide. The alkaline earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide or barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive comprises (in weight%) terpineol (0-15), ethylene glycol (0-15), diethylene glycol butyl ether (70-90), ethyl cellulose (2-10), alcohol (0.1-5), castor oil (5-6), and phosphonium resin (2-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, terpineol, carbitol and/or butyl carbitol acetate. The thickening agent is cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose or ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. The plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate and/or triacetin citrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flatting agent is triethanolamine, hydrogenated castor oil, polyethylacrylate, polyacrylic and organic silicon modified polyacrylic ester, or copolymer of butyl acrylate and butyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carbon source is sucrose, glucose and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and/or sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method given. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aromatic ring chromogen group is of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI), (XII) or (XIII).R1=H or Cl;R2=H, Cl, CN or SO2NHR;R3=H, Cl, CN, CONHR or COOR;R4=H, CH3, CN, COOR or C6H5;R5=H, Cl, NHR, CN, SO2NHR, CONHR, COOR or NHCOR;R=H or CpH2p+1 straight-chain saturated alkyl group;p=1-18;R'1=H, OCH3 or OCH2CH3;R'2=CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2OCH3, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH2CN or CH2CH2OCOCH3;R'3=H, NHCOCH3 or NHCOC2H5;R'4=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR or COOR;R5=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, CONH2, COOCH3 or COOC2H5;R"1=H, OH or NH2;R"2=H or SO2NHR;R"3=H, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, SO2NHR, CONHR, COOR, NHR or NHCOR;R"4=H, SO2NHR, NHR or NHCOR;R"5=H, SO2NHR, NHR or NHCOR;R6=H, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, OH, CN, CONH2, COOCH3 or COOC2H5;R"'1=H, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, OH, CN, CONH2, COOCH3 or COOC2H5;R"'2=H or OH;R"'3=H, NHR or NHCOR;R"'4=H, NHR, SO2NHR or NHCOR;R"'5=H or SO2NHR;R'6=H, Cl, R, NHR, CN, SO2NHR or COOR;R7=H, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, OH, CN, CONH2, COOCH3 or COOC2H5;X=O or NH;k=1-3; andE=CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 or C6H4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is chosen from ethanol or ( alpha )-terpineol. The carbon nanotube composition further contains binder (0.1-100 parts weight) chosen from ethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameters: The refractive indices of the layers in the light guide stack are at least 1.3 and are not more than 1.72. The refractive index of each light guide layer increases with distance away from the major light receiving surface of the light guide stack. Preferred Components: Each layer comprises rods or cuboids. At least one surface comprises a protective hart coat. At least one edge surface comprises a reflector. The device is located in the cavity between two transparent glass or plastic panels to form a window for a building. It is fixed to the interior surface of an existing window in a building. It is arranged such that, in the or each light guide stack, the layer of lowest refractive index is at the top of the stack and the layer of highest refractive index is at the bottom of the stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hard mask layer is made of chromium or aluminum. The seed layer is palladium layer or palladium/nickel composite layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electrode tape further comprises a protective film which is releasably pasted onto adhesive surface (103 and/or 104). The protective film comprises a release sheet. At least one adhesive surface has roughness. The arithmetical average surface roughness of adhesive surface (103 and/or 104) is 1 mu m to 1 mm. The conductive structure comprises metal wires (102a,102b), and a comb-shape electrode or a mesh electrode. Preferred Composition: The material of conductive structure is copper, tin, silver, zinc, iron, gold, platinum, lead and/or aluminum. Preferred Method: The adhering step and curing step are proceeded with a roll-to-toll process. The step of adhering adhesive material to the sidewall of conductive structure involves placing the conductive structure on a platform, and feeding the adhesive material onto surface of the platform. The step of placing the conductive structure on the platform involves embedding contact point (106) of the conductive structure into a groove of the platform. The step of curing the adhesive material involves heating or UV irradiation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material of adhesive film is acrylic adhesive, silicone adhesive, epoxy adhesive, ethylene-vinyl acetate adhesive, polyvinyl ether adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyamide adhesive, and/or inorganic adhesive. The material of adhesive film includes thermal plastic adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide with respect to 100 parts mass of transparent soft resin is 0.05-5 parts mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent soft resin is crosslinked ethylene-based copolymer which can form a crosslinked structure. The crosslinked ethylene-based copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic-acid-alkyl-ester copolymer, ethylene-( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic copolymer, or ethylene-( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The rotor blades are formed as a continuous sandwich structure with a pressure-stable core made of beech, poplar wood, polyurethane, poly-phenylene-ethynylene, polyphosphoric acid, polymethacrylimide, aramid, aluminum or thermoplastic honeycomb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A stiffer film, preferably polyethylene terephthalate laminated aluminum foil is additionally used as a mirror for an additional concentration of radiation on the collector. The collector foil or the liquid film is coated with a heat sensitive color that signals when a required temperature, e.g. 85 degrees C, is achieved and thus the largest part of vegetative bacteria and viruses are killed. A solid and active carbon filter is attached to an inlet and thus the collector can be used as a water treatment unit, e.g. filter and pasteurizer. The collector can be influenced by a geometry of the welding, and by different thickness and stiffness of the films of the chamber cross-section and thus the force stress of the film can be optimized, and in an inclined position of a solar collector, the higher pressure of the brake fluid is passed into the lower part of the collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling part is made from plastic i.e. polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl type monomer and/or vinyl type oligomer contain urethane (meth)acrylate and chain-shaped (meth)acrylic type monomer. The chain-shaped (meth)acrylic type monomer is chain-shaped di(meth)acrylate, preferably (poly)alkylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate. The weight ratio of the urethane (meth)acrylate and chain-shaped (meth)acrylic type monomer is 70/30-30/70. The hardened layer is formed by hardening the curable composition which does not contain polymerization initiator, with electron beam. The solar cell back sheet does not contain a colored layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The base film has thickness of 100-250 mu m, preferably 5-50 mu m. The thickness ratio of the base film and hardened layer is 5/1-1/1 or 1/1-1/20, and the whole thickness of the film is 150-300 mu m, preferably 100-300 mu m. The hardness of the hardened layer on one side is higher than the hardness of the hardened layer on the other side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite composition further contains hydrolyzable silicon containing compound, and metal oxide particles having number average particle diameter of 1-400 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer particles (C) having number average particle diameter of 10-800 nm comprises hydrolyzable silicon compound (C1), vinyl monomer (C2), emulsifier (C3), polymer emulsion particles (C4) obtained by polymerizing components (C1) and (C2) in the polymerization undiluted solution containing water. The water content of polymer particles (C) is 15 %mass or less. Preferred Process: The manufacture of coating film further involves curing the composition at 20-200 degrees C, irradiating ultraviolet-ray, and removing nonionic surfactant and/or an amphoteric surfactant (A) by cleaning using water or solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment is titanium oxide microparticles. The volume ratio of white pigment and binder contained in the white layer, is 30:70-80:20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of tackifier contained in the binder is 1-30 %mass with respect to amount of polymeric resin. The polymeric resin is polyolefin resin. The tackifier contains rosin derivatives. Preferred Properties: The minimum film-forming temperature of the polymeric resin is 25 degrees C or more. The molecular weight of tackifier is 200-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfide of group 15 element is antimony sulfide. The photoelectric converting layer is laminated component containing N-type semiconductor layer and P-type semiconductor layer or composite film. Preferred Layer: The organic thin-film solar cell further has electrodes, electron carrying layer between one electrode and N-type semiconductor layer, and hole transportation layer between other electrode and P-type semiconductor layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The number average molecular weight of the compound is 15000-50000. The p-type organic-semiconductor material is a copolymer having partial structure (I) and a benzo-dithiophene structure of formula (II). Structure (I) contains both the partial structure in which R2 is 8C or more alkyl, and the partial structure in which R3 is H or 8C or less alkyl.R4,R5=H, halo, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, alkylthio, fluoroalkylthio, alkylamino, fluoroalkylamino, aryl heteroaryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is a chain metal compound or a cyclic metal compound having a structure of formula (-(C=C)x-(C(R1)=C(R2))y-) (I). The metal salt is an alkali metal salt and/or an alkali earth metal salt. The metal salt is one or more types of metal acetylide, metal vinylidene, metal vinylene, metal vinyl, metal phenyl or metal cyclopentadiene. The anode includes a coating layer in part or all of a surface of an anode active material layer, and the coating layer contains the metal salt. The electrolytic solution contains the metal salt, and the content of the metal salt in the electrolytic solution is 0.01-0.5 wt.%. The cathode and the anode are opposed to each other with a separator in between, and the separator includes a base material layer being a porous film and a polymer compound layer being provided on one surface or both surfaces of the base material layer. The polymer compound layer contains polyvinylidene fluoride.R1, R2 = H, halo, alkyl or its derivative or metal element Group 1-15 in long period periodic table; andx, y = greater than or equal to 0, where the sum of x and y is greater than or equal to 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated carbon bond cyclic ester carbonate is vinylene carbonate, and the halogenated cyclic ester carbonate is 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and/or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one. The electrolytic solution contains a non-aqueous solvent, and the non-aqueous solvent contains an unsaturated carbon bond cyclic ester carbonate compound of formula (II) or a halogenated cyclic ester carbonate compound of formula (III).R3, R4 = H or alkyl; andR5, R8 = halo, halogenated alkyl, halogenated vinyl (all preferred), H, alkyl or vinyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises nickel oxides, vanadium oxides, tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, copper oxides, strontium copper oxides, and strontium titanium oxides. The second hole blocking layer comprises lithium fluoride, metal oxides, or amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - preferred Components: The n-type semiconductor material comprises a substituted fullerene that is C61-phenylbutyric acid methyl ester (C61-PCBM) or phenylbutyric acid methyl ester (C71-PCBM). The cross-linking agent comprises an epoxy-containing compound, glycerol propoxylate triglycidyl ether or glycerol diglycidyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - preferred Components: The polyamine is a polyethylenimine or a copolymer. The first and second hole blocking layers comprise polymer consisting of polythiophenes, polyanilines, polycarbazoles, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes, polyisothianaphthanenes, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) or poly(thieno(3,4-b)thiophene), and/or their copolymers. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high-transparency high light-concentration film is made of Teflon (RTM: PTFE), polyester (PET) or polycarbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The barrier layer consists of at least one barrier material having a low specific oxygen permeability, where the barrier material is glass, metal oxides different from glass and at least one of a polymer, quartz, silicon dioxide, titanium nitride, silicon dioxide/metal oxide multilayer materials, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, liquid-crystal polymers, polystyrene-acrylonitrile, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl butyrate, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyoxymethylene, polyimides, polyetherimides, epoxy resins, polymers derived from ethylene vinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl alcohol. The barrier layer has a low permeability to water vapor. The color converter has barrier layer each on its upper and lower sides. The color converter is a film, a plate or a sheet. The LED and color converter are present in a remote phosphor structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fluorescent colorant is: an organic fluorescent dye; a yellow, green-, red- and orange fluorescing organic fluorescent dye; a naphthalene or perylene derivative; or N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-di(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboximide and/or N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,6-di(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboximide (both preferred), 3,9-dicyanoperylene-4,10-bis(isobutyl carboxylate), 3,10-dicyanoperylene-4,9-bis(isobutylcarboxylate), 3,9-dicyanoperylene-4,10-bis(sec-butylcarboxylate), 3,10-dicyanoperylene-4,9-bis(sec-butylcarboxylate) and/or 9-cyano-N-(2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl)perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic monoimide. The organic fluorescent dye is fused aryl compound of formula (I)-(IX).R1 = 4-8C cycloalkyl, phenyl or naphthyl (all both optionally mono- or polysubstituted by halo or 1-18C alkyl) or 1-18C alkyl;X = 1-18C alkyl; andy = 0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrical storage active materials are grains of metal oxide chosen from ruthenium oxide and manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The capacitor utilizes electrical storage active material that is conductive polymer. The photo electrode, the inside counter electrode and the external counter electrode are electro conductive plastic films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The back surface protective film further contains water vapor barrier layer (14) as intermediate of laminated film. The water vapor barrier layer comprises film containing metal and/or metal oxide. Preferred Properties: The film has absorption factor of 60% or more with respect to light, when the light having wavelength of 400-700 nm is radiated to the surface at the side of layer (A). The film has reflectance of 50% or more with respect to light, when the light having wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated to the surface at the side of layer (A). The thickness of back surface protective film is 30-900 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colorant mixture contains 2 types or 4 types of coloring agent. The coloring agent is chosen from green coloring agent, red coloring agent, purple coloring agent, yellow coloring agent, orange coloring agent and blue coloring agent, preferably red coloring agent, green coloring agent, yellow coloring agent and purple coloring agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coloring agent is red-type coloring agent, green-type coloring agent, yellowish coloring agent and/or purple-type coloring agent. Preferred Properties: When the light having wavelength of 400-700 nm is radiated to the surface at the side of layer (A) of the back surface protective film, the absorption factor with respect to the light is 60% or more. When the light having wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated to the surface at the side of layer (A) of the back surface protective film, the reflectance with respect to the light is 50% or more. The back surface protective film has thickness of 30-900 mu m. Preferred Layer: The back surface protective film has a water vapor barrier layer as intermediate layer of laminated film. The water vapor barrier layer changes from vapor deposition film in which film containing metal and/or metal oxide is formed on the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin is alpha -olefin ethylene copolymer having alpha -olefin content of 1-25 weight% and maleic anhydride modified content of 0.1-3 weight%. The olefin copolymer resin comprises resin chosen from ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer and propylene-butene copolymer. The fluororesin sheet comprises tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin and/or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The sealing sheet further has a contact bonding layer containing silane compound of formula: R1-Si(-R3)n-(OR2)3-n (0.05-5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of mixed resin of maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin and olefin copolymer resin).R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass particles have glass softening point of 650 degrees C or less and crystallization start temperature of more than 650 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of glass particles contained in the paste composition is 0.1-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper-containing particles are phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles. The content of phosphorus contained in the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles is 6-8 %mass. The paste composition further contains tin-containing particles (1 %mass or more) chosen from tin particles and tin-alloy particles, and silver particles. The content of tin-containing particles contained with respect to 100 %mass of total content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and tin-containing particles is 5-70 %mass. The content of silver particles contained with respect to 100 %mass of total content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, tin-containing particles and silver particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The total content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, tin-containing particles and silver particles contained in the paste composition is 70-94 %mass. Preferred Component: The electrode has a copper-tin alloy phase, and a tin-phosphorus-oxide glass phase, arranged between the copper-tin alloy phase and substrate containing the silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of solvent and resin contained in the paste composition is 3-29.9 %mass. The paste composition has solid content concentration of 70-98 %mass and viscosity of 80-1000 Pa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The high work function region and low work function region are made of a metal-containing material selected from the group consisting of metal, metal silicide, and metal germanides, mixtures / multilayers, and the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, platinum, nickel platinum, cobalt, titanium, and tungsten. The dopant of the lightly-doped absorber is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, boron, gallium, indium, phosphorus and antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device comprises a composite board containing a metal film made of steel sheet or aluminum sheet or foamed metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises at least one alkali metal salt of a non-polymeric carboxylic acid (1-15 wt.%). Preferred Components: The coating agent includes prepared chalk, gypsum, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, color-rich soils, clay mineral, dispersible polymer or copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises (in wt.%) at least one thickening agent (1.2-2.5), at least one coloring agent (4-12), at least one coating agent (8-12), at least one water absorbing polymer (0.8-1.2) and water (remaining amount). The thickening agent comprises natural organic thickening agent, dextrin modified organic natural substance or completely synthetic organic thickening agent. The natural organic thickening agent comprises starch, agar-agar, gelatin, tragacanth, xanthan gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, guar gum, casein, pectin, polyose or locust bean gum. The dextrin modified organic natural substance comprises carboxymethyl cellulose. The coloring agent comprises carbon black, organic and/or inorganic dispersion and/or water-soluble dye. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises biocide, solubilizing agent, hygroscopic material, light reflective material, surfactant, water based adhesive, sugars or sugar substitutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The completely synthetic organic thickening agent comprises vinyl polymer, polyacrylic compound, polyether, water-soluble polyethylenimine, poly-methacrylic compound, polycarboxylic acid or polyamide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Epoxy-group-containing compound is epoxy silane compound of formula R1Si(R3n)(OR2)3-n (I). Protective layer contains 0.001-3 weight parts of epoxy-group-containing compound with respect to 100 weight parts of fluoropolymers. Maleic-anhydride-modified olefin resin is olefin resin grafted by maleic anhydride, and total content of maleic anhydride is 0.005-3 wt.%. Adhesion sealing layer contains 0.05-5 weight parts of epoxy silane compound.R1=3-glycidoxy propyl group or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl group;R2, R3=1-3C alkyl group; andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilane compound having amino group is amino silane compound of formula: (R1O)m-Si(R23-m)-R3-HN(-R4) (I). The protective layer contains 0.001-3 parts weight of organosilane compound with respect to 100 parts weight of fluoropolymer. The compound having epoxy group is silane compound of formula: R'1-Si(-R'3n)-(OR'2)3-n. The amount of compound having epoxy group is 0.05-5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic resin.R1,R2=optionally substituted 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbyl or 1-10C bivalent organic group;R3,R4=H or optionally substituted 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbyl;m=2 or 3;R'1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R'2,R'3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin. The maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin is resin in which olefin resin is graft-modified by maleic anhydride. The total amount of maleic anhydride is 0.0005-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer sheet comprises epoxy-modified polyolefin resin obtained by adding and melt-kneading epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer (1-10) and styrene (0.1-5) in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. The layer sheet consists of inorganic substances.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The load of the polycrystalline-silicon sintered compact is 0.05 g/cm2 or more. Preferred Process: The load is applied by mounting the heat resistance board (4) or powder in the lamination-positioned top of the molded product. The plate-shaped molded product is lamination-positioned on the baked jig which covers the surface with placing powder (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weather-proof layer comprises (in wt.%): fluorine plastic (78-89), titanium oxide (10-30) and functional auxiliary agent (2). Preferred Components: The functional auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, light stabilizer, light absorbent, and coupling agent. The antioxidant is chosen from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 and antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The light stabilizer is light stabilizer 770, or light stabilizer 622LD. The light absorbent is chosen from silane coupling agent KH570, silane coupling agent KH560, silane coupling agent KH550, light absorbent UVP and light absorbent UV-O coupling agent. The inorganic filler is nano-grade titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide. The fluorine-containing material layer has a thickness of 5-30 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is 90-99.9%. The mole ratio of the ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene is (30-70):(70-30). The mole ratio of hexafluoropropylene, 1,2,2-trifluorostyrene and 1,2,2-trifluoromethyl styrene is (10-90):(90):(10). The content of copolymer of ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and 1,2,2-trifluoromethyl styrene is 46-55 mol.%. The content of ethylene is 36-44 mol.%, The content of hexafluoropropylene is 3-7 mol.%. The content of 1,2,2-trifluoromethyl styrene is 7 mol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyester base layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) whose thickness is 50-250 microns. The adhesive is epoxy glue, acrylic glue, and adhesive polyurethane glue (2-25 microns).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ratio of polyester and curing agent is 10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The P-type semiconductor nano-wire array is made of silver and/or gold, aluminum, indium or gallium, and selenium. The substrate is made of ceramic, mica, macromolecule plastic, metal, silicon or glass, stainless steel. The back electrode layer is made of aluminum, gold, copper, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass, silver, tungsten, nickel or titanium. The n-type semiconductor thin layer is made of selenide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, indium selenide, indium sulphide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide or tin. The window layer is made of aluminum, ITO film, graphene film or carbon nano-tube thin film. The metal grid electrode is made of aluminum, gold, copper, tungsten-titanium alloy, ITO glass, silver, tungsten, nickel or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal grating layer is made of metal gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, molybdenum and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The aluminum foil layer has thickness of 20-100 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The coating layer is formed by dissolving polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate or polydimethylsiloxane (in %mass) (less than 15) in acid ester (99-85%), and has thickness of 0.1-10 microns. The adhesive layer contains adhesive (30-55), a curing agent (10) and a solvent (35-69). The adhesive is modified polyurethane. The curing agent is polyisocyanate and polylol with active hydrogen. The protective layer is a heat-resistant resin film formed by co-extruding and stretching nylon, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate or polyaryl ketone resin, and has thickness of 10-100 microns. The heat sealing layer contains polypropylene, polydiene, acid-modified polypropylene resin-acrylic ester copolymer, metal ion crosslinked polydiene resin, acrylic acid derivative, or copolymer of diene and methyl acrylic acid derivative, and has thickness of 15-100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier is organic solvent, thixotropic agent, plasticizer and/or surfactant. The organic solvent is terpineol, terpineol and/or citrate. The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax, hydrogenated castor oil or polyamide wax. The plasticizer is triacetin. The surfactant is polysorbate or dibutyl phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass powder comprises bismuth oxide, boron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The aluminum conductive paste further comprises metal organic compound additive. The metal is iron, tin, gallium, nickel and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier is organic solvent and auxiliary agent. The organic carrier is carbitol, terpineol and/or butyl carbitol acetate. The auxiliary agent is thickening agent, plasticizer, de-foaming agent, surfactant and flatting agent. The thickening agent is polyacrylic acid sodium. The plasticizer is triacetin or citric acid. The surfactant is sucrose ester. The flatting agent is organic silicon modified polyacrylate or acrylate and butyl acrylate. The de-foaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode is cathode metal, metal oxide, carbon black or conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is quartz glass sheet, polystyrene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano silicate inorganic salt is lithium magnesium silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate and/or sodium magnesium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer is polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and/or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent protective sheets are made of polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The construction is made of material e.g. aluminum or metallic alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The contacting layer comprises zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, titanium oxide or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is silver, copper or aluminum. The substrate is flexible substrate, or metal foil substrate having an insulating layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A layer of semiconducting material, such as organic material is added.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). The substrate is plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: In (Ia), Q1 has molecular weight of 500-250000 (preferably 4000-10000) Daltons. The electrolyte comprises: chemical species able to carry positive or negative charges, also by means of oxido-reductive reactions; and chemical additives. The chemical species are iodine or iodides of inorganic or organic cations. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed i.e. ((polystyrene)80-(poly(oxyethylene))136-(polystyrene)80) of formula (II), and ((polystyrene)196-(poly(oxyethylene))136-(polystyrene)196).    EXAMPLE - (2-(Dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropanoic acid-(poly(oxyethylene))136-(2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropanoic acid) (86 mg) was dried in Schlenk tube (10 ml) under a mechanical vacuum, then styrene (3 ml) distilled under reduced pressure prior to use and 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) were added, where the ratio of styrene to poly(oxyethylene) was 100. The obtained solution was degassed (freeze-pump-thaw) three times. The polymerization was conducted for 22 hours at 110 degrees C in an oil bath with magnetic stirring and in a stream of nitrogen. The solution was precipitated three times in diethyl ether, to obtain ((polystyrene)80-(poly(oxyethylene))136-(polystyrene)80).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polycarbodiimide compound is polycarbodiimide compound derived from aliphatic diisocyanate and/or alicyclic diisocyanate. The aliphatic diisocyanate and alicyclic diisocyanate are isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate and/or tetramethyl xylylene-diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymeric substrate further comprises inorganic particulates (10-70 wt.%). The inorganic particulates are calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, kaolin and clays, alumina trihydrate, talc, silica, antimony oxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulfate, mica, vermiculite, alumina, titania, wollastinite and/or boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal wires are copper, nickel, tin, silver and/or aluminum. The conductive metal wires comprise metal wires each extending at least two times the length of a solar cell in the solar cell module. The electrically conductive metal wires adhered to first side of polymeric substrate each have cross sectional area of at least 70 square mils along their length, are substantially parallel to each other, do not touch each other, and extending at least two times the length of a solar cell in the solar cell module.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The homogeneous polymeric substrate has thickness of 0.4-1.25 mm. The homogeneous polymeric substrate comprises (wt.%) chlorosulfonated polyethylene (25-90), and adhesive (5-35) comprising thermoplastic polymer adhesives and rosin based tackifiers. The chlorosulfonated polyolefin is chlorosulfonated polyethylene of formula -((CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(Cl)-CH2-CH2-CH2)n-CH(SO2-Cl))m-. The chlorosulfonated polyethylene has weight average molecular weight of 75000-300000. The adhesive of polymeric substrate comprises rosin based tackifier(s). The adhesive of polymeric substrate comprises ethylene copolymer.m, n=5-25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of metal salt and reducing agent is 1:0.5-1:25. The oxidation sensitive metal is indium, copper, zinc, iron, tin, bismuth and/or lead. The nanoparticles comprises indium or copper metal. Preferred Process: During synthesis of nanoparticles, preparation and nucleation of capped copper hydroxide or indium hydroxide (Me(OH)x, where Me is copper or tin and x is not defined) nanoparticles, and reduction of intermediate capped hydroxide nanoparticles to copper or indium are performed by reduction using reducing agent. Hydroxyl group (OH-) concentration of 0.01-0.1 M is used to promote copper hydroxide or indium hydroxide nucleation. Preferred Properties: The oxidation sensitive metal has redox-potential of (-0.9)-(+0.9) V. The nanoparticles have mean diameter of 1-160 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermoplastic covering layer includes additives made of spherical silicon dioxide-nano particles and hydrophobic silicon oxide. The laminate comprises silicon oxide, dimethyl-dicholoro silane or hexamethyldisiloxane, silica and aluminum and/or mixed oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic covering layer comprises polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene chloride as methyl acrylate copolymer, high density polyethylene and highly transparent polypropylene. The laminate is treated using polysiloxane, segmented thermoplastic polyurethane, alpha methacyrloxysilane or vinylmethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material is catalyst component-supported carbon material and catalyst component-non-supported carbon material. The catalyst layer consists of two phase structure including catalyst aggregation phase (A) and carbon-material aggregation phase (B). The catalyst aggregation phase is formed by aggregating catalyst component-supported carbon material and electrolyte material as main component. The gas diffusion carbon-material aggregation phase is formed by aggregating catalyst component non-supporting carbon material as main component. The phase (A) is continuous structure and phase (B) is dispersed in phase (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of super hydrophobic oil-repellent antifouling translucent glass involves using condensation catalyst chosen from group (a) and group (b), and binder. Preferred Component: The protrusions consist of material chosen from glass, silica, alumina and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface layer has reactive functional group (a). The composite fine particles have reactive functional group (b) which reacts with the reactive functional group (a), and forms coupling. The composite fine particles are connect-fixed with surface layer through the coupling by reaction of reactive functional groups (a) and (b). The water-repellent oil-repellent antifouling thin film is monolayer, and has surface critical surface energy of 1-3 mN/m. The group (a) is chosen from carboxylic acid metallic salt, carboxylate ester metal salt, carboxylic acid-metallic salt polymer, carboxylic acid-metallic salt chelate, titanic acid ester and titanic acid ester chelate. The group (b) is chosen from ketimine compound, organic acid, aldimine compound, enamine compound, oxazolidine compound and aminoalkyl alkoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of non-modified polyamino compound and phenethyl-ized polyamino compound is 1:9-9:1. The epoxy resin composition further contains reinforced fiber chosen from glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, and metal fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is epoxy resin (5-8 %mass) having bis-aryl fluorine structure having refractive index of more than the refractive index of glass fiber, or epoxy resin (30-92 %mass) containing 1,2-epoxy-4-(2-oxiranyl)cyclohexane having refractive index of less than refractive index of glass fiber. The epoxy resin having bis-aryl fluorine structure, is 3,4-epoxy cyclohexenylmethyl-3',4'-epoxy cyclohexene carboxylate (30-88 %mass). Preferred Process: A cation hardening initiator is further mixed with the transparent resin composition as hardening initiator. Preferred Properties: The transparent resin composition has glass transition temperature of 220 degrees C or more, after hardening. The transparent resin compound material has retardation difference of 0.1 nm or less, before and after heating at 200 degrees C, and color difference of 2 or less, before and after heating at 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent composite contains copper on surface and/or inner surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The transparent composite has flame retardance of V-0 or more and/or more than VTM-0. The glass transition temperature of transparent resin is 180 degrees C or more, measured by dynamic-viscoelasticity test. Preferred Composition: The brominated bisphenol-A epoxy resin is tetrabromobisphenol-A-type epoxy resin. The content of tetrabromobisphenol-A-type epoxy resin in the resin component of resin composition, is 30-58 %mass. The polyfunctional epoxy resin has epoxy-type structure of formula (I). The glass fiber is E glass fiber.n,m=integer.N.B: n and m are defined in the disclosure, but not in the claims. Preferred Process: A copper foil is laminated on the surface of transparent composite, and the etched portion in copper foil is smoothened by resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polycarbonate-type resin sheet further has a laminated layer (P2) obtained using acrylic resin or polycarbonate-type resin as main structural component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The microparticles and protrusions consist of material chosen from glass, silica, alumina and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of super hydrophobic oil-repellent antifouling translucent film involves using condensation catalyst chosen from group (a) and group (b), and binder. Preferred Composition: The surface layer has reactive functional group (a). The composite fine particles have reactive functional group (b) which reacts with the reactive functional group (a), and forms coupling. The composite fine particles are connect-fixed with surface layer through the coupling by reaction of reactive functional groups (a) and (b). The water-repellent oil-repellent antifouling thin film is monolayer, and has surface critical surface energy of 1-3 mN/m. The group (a) is chosen from carboxylic acid metallic salt, carboxylate ester metal salt, carboxylic acid-metallic salt polymer, carboxylic acid-metallic salt chelate, titanic acid ester and titanic acid ester chelate. The group (b) is chosen from ketimine compound, organic acid, aldimine compound, enamine compound, oxazolidine compound and aminoalkyl alkoxysilane. Preferred Property: The diameter of the microparticles and protrusion is 50-100 nm and 10-20 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of scale-like silica with silanol group is 0.01-1 wt.% with respect to amount of solid main ingredient of 1st or 2nd polymeric resin layer. Gas barrier layer contains oxide, nitride, or compound of silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, or magnesium. Gas barrier layer is silicon oxide of formula SiOx, where x is 1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Manufacturing method involves laminating 2nd polymeric resin containing scale-like silica with silanol group on surface of gas barrier layer. After performing 1st polymeric resin lamination process, plasma processing process is performed with respect to surface of 1st polymeric resin layer. Gas barrier layer is laminated by vacuum evaporation method. Polymeric resin is formed by mixing 1st polymeric resin and/or 2nd polymeric resin or silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Gas barrier layer contains silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, magnesium, their oxides and/or nitrides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide particles are chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide and cerium oxide. The content of metal oxide particles are 10-200 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of component (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber is chosen from benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber, triazine series ultraviolet absorber and benzophenone series ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Property: The thickness of the protective layer is 3-8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polysiloxane is hydrolysis-condensation product of organosilane of formula: (R1)4-n-Si-(OR2)n (I). The composition (D) contains 10-35 %mass of component (A).R1=H or 1-8C monovalent organic group;R2=H, 1-5C alkyl or 1-6C acyl;andn=2-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is coated with molybdenum layer. The substrate is glass, plastic, polymer, ceramic and/or aluminum foil. The n-type semiconducting layer contains oxide and selenide of zinc, cadmium and/or indium. The transparent conductive material is doped zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, doped tin oxide and/or carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid medium is an organic solvent consisting of toluene, mesitylene, isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, chlorobenzene, decaline, tetraline, anisole, xylene, diisobutyl ketone and dimethylsulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid medium comprising the solute or the dispersed particles is an aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises fullerenes, a conjugated polymer having a same nature of the conjugated copolymer, and carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Preferred Components: The two grafts have same molar mass, and comprise poly-(3-hexylthiophene). The linear chain of unsaturated polyolefin nature: is polydiene, preferably polyisoprene; comprises an acrylic polymer or polyacrylate, preferably n-butyl poly(acrylate), and polyvinyl alcohol; and has hydroxyl functions so as to give amphiphilic properties. Preferred Process: The process (I) comprises treating an amount Q1 of P3HT ending with omega -thiol in a container under inert atmosphere by vacuum/nitrogen cycles, adding an amount Q2 of apolar aromatic solvent, preferably toluene, maintaining the mixture for more than 25 degrees C, preferably more than 40 degrees C for less than 30 minutes, adding an amount Q3 of unsaturated polyolefin such as polybutadiene, preferably poly(isoprene), adding an amount Q4 of a radical generator of peroxide or diazo type, preferably azobisisobutyronitrile, maintaining the mixture at 0-200 degrees C depending on radical generating systems and 40-130 degrees C for minimum of one hour in the utilization of AIBN, adding an amount Q5 of radical generator, isolating the product by evaporating solvent, preferably precipitating cold methanol, and filtrating/drying the product, which is similar or different from that of Q4, and maintaining, when Q5 is not zero, the mixture at 0-200 degrees C depending on the radical generating system and at 40-130 degrees C for a minimum time of one hour in the utilization of AIBN, where the ratio of Q1 and Q2 is 5-30, Q3 is present between Q1 and Q2, Q4 is lower than Q2, and Q5 is equal to Q4, preferably Q5 is equal to 0-10 Q4. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Initial stage water-vapor-permeation rate of moisture-proof film is less than or equal to 0.1 g/m2x day), and tension storage elastic modulus at 100 degrees C of adhesive bond layer is 1x 104-1x 105 Pa. Preferred Components: Plastic film is weather-resistant film e.g. film consists of polyester-based resin, acrylic resin, or polycarbonate-type resin, film containing UV absorber, or fluorine resin film. Moisture proof film contains inorganic thin film layer on greater than or equal to 1 surface of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main ingredient is selected from a group consisting of polycarbonate polyol, polyether polyol, a polyurethane polyol, and polyester polyol. The base material is a biaxially stretched polyester film. The adhesive agent is an arbitrary adhesive agent, polyurethane adhesive agent, acrylic-resin-type adhesive agent and a polyolefin-type adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plurality of inorganic core nanoparticles is chosen from metal, metal alloy, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal nitride, metal oxynitride, metal boride, metal boronitride, metal sulfide and metal fluoride nanoparticles. The plurality of inorganic core nanoparticles comprises silica nanoparticles. The plurality of inorganic core nanoparticles comprises 1-50 volume% of material composition. Preferred Properties: The plurality of inorganic core nanoparticles has diameter of 5-1000 nm. The crosslinking component has molecular weight of 50-100000 amu.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The corona component comprises reaction product of alkoxysilane coupling agent. The canopy component comprises reaction product of alkanol amine. The plurality of crosslinking components comprises reaction products of diisocyanate material. The primary chemical linkage, secondary chemical linkage and tertiary chemical linkage are chosen from siloxane linkage, ester linkage, epoxide linkage, urea linkage, amide linkage, sulfonamide linkage and urethane linkage. The primary chemical linkage, secondary chemical linkage and tertiary chemical linkage are a different chemical linkage. The primary chemical linkage comprises siloxane linkage. The secondary chemical linkage comprises sulfonamide linkage. The tertiary chemical linkage comprises urethane linkage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The canopy component comprises hydrophilic polymer component and hydrophobic polymer component. The battery contains a lithium ion dopant doping a portion of corona component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene polymer has amount of metal residue of 0.1-50 mass ppm. Preferred Composition: The modified quantity by ethylenic unsaturated silane compound (c) is 0.1-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of component (a) and component (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether compound has an oxirane monomeric unit of formula (I).R1-R4=1-C10 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by halo or substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film layer further contains inorganic oxide or organic compound. The mixed gas contains argon gas and nitrogen gas in the volume ratio of 0.1-5, and ion acceleration voltages of 100-2000 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode contains metal oxide compound of formulae (AMO2, AM2O4, A2MO3 and AMB1O4). The negative electrode consists of a negative electrode active material, a conductive support agent and/or a binder. The negative electrode active material is titanium lithium complex oxide. The positive electrode consists of a positive electrode active material, a conductive support agent and/or a binder. The positive electrode active material contains lithium cobalt complex oxide, lithium manganese complex oxide, lithium nickel complex oxide, lithium phosphorus oxide that has an olivine structure, lithium nickel cobalt complex oxide, lithium manganese cobalt complex oxide and/or lithium manganese nickel complex oxide.A=alkali metalM=transition metal or non-transition metal;andB1=phosphorus or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition contains aprotic organic solvent or ambient temperature molten salt. The aprotic organic solvent or ambient temperature molten salt is chosen from ether and/or ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The surfaces of the negative electrode and the positive electrode are covered with a cross-linked body of the polyether copolymer. Preferred Property: The polyether copolymer has weight average molecular weights of 50000-2500000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking substituent is hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The glass transition point of crosslinking substituent-containing acrylic resin is 25-105 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking substituent-containing acrylic resin is 20-400 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of fluororesin. The easily-bonding layer further includes silane coupling agent and organometallic coordination compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic element (M) is ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, platinum, iron, osmium, copper, iridium, palladium, tungsten or cobalt, preferably ruthenium. The oxidation reduction pair contains iodine, bromine or its ion. The electrolyte layer contains an ionic liquid. The electrolyte layer is gelatinized with the high-molecular compound or oxide semiconductor particles and/or electroconductive particles. The oxide semiconductor is chosen from titanium oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, barium titanium oxide, niobium pentoxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, strontium-titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, holmium oxide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide and aluminum trioxide, preferably titanium oxide. The titanium oxide is titanium oxide nanotube and/or titanium oxide nanoparticles. The electroconductive particles contain carbon. The carbon is chosen from carbon nanotube, carbon fiber and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal complex pigment is of formula: M(LL1)(LL2)(Z)Px CI.M=metal atom;LL2=group of formula (II);Z=monodentate or bidentate ligand;p=0-2;CI=electric charge neutralizing an electric charge;R33,R34=substituent;n5,n6=0-3;A3, A4=acidic group;andn7,n8=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high-molecular compound is vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    Y'=S.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A monomeric naphthalene diimide precursor compound of formula (II) is reacted with tin-containing compound of formula: (R5)3Sn-Sn(R5)3, in the presence of a catalyst, to obtain naphthalene diimide compound (I).LG=halo;andR5=alkyl or aryl, to form at least one of naphthalene diimide organotin compound.Preferred Process: Naphthalene diimide precursor compound(s) is reacted with at least one tin reagent, to obtain naphthalene diimide reaction product compound(s) comprising at least one stannyl substituent bonded to the naphthalene core of the naphthalene diimide compound. Preferred Components: The naphthalene diimide compound (I) is mono-stannyl naphthalene diimide compound of formula (I) (where one or more of R2-R4 are not Sn(R5)3) or bis-stannyl naphthalene diimide compound of formula (III). The naphthalene diimide reaction product compound of formula (IV) comprises one or two stannyl substituents. The tin reagent is an organotin reagent and not a halogenated tin reagent. The tin reagent comprises one or more of hexaalkyl ditin reagent or hexaaryl ditin reagent.X= H, R3 or Sn(R5)3, preferably Sn(R5)3. Preferred Definitions:    R2-R4=H, fluoro or cyano.    EXAMPLE - Naphthalene-l,4,5,8-tetracarboxydianhydride solution (in g) (10) was heated in concentrated sulfuric acid (600 mL), potassium dibromoisocyanurate (19.3) was added, stirred, mixture was poured in ice water (1.5 L), stirred for 2 hours, filtrated, washed with methanol, dried under vacuum, glacial acetic acid (600 mL) and n-hexylamine (19.4) were added, refluxed for 20 minutes, cooled overnight, methanol was added (1.5 L), filtered, washed with methanol, dried and purified, to obtain 4,9-dibromo-2,7-dihexyl-benzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode is made of artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, or hard carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cathode comprises active material (91-95), styrene-butadiene rubber (0-4), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (2-4). The battery shell is made of an aluminum-plastic film package.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal line has diameter of 10-1000 nm or 1-5000 mu m and length of 50-500 mu m or 0.1-1000 mm. The number of graphene layers is 1-20. The flow rate of protective gas, hydrogen gas and gaseous carbon source is 1-1000 sccm, 1-500 sccm and 1-200 sccm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The metal line is copper nanowire, cobalt nanowire, nickel nanowire, ruthenium nanowire, molybdenum nanowire, niobium nanowire, molybdenum nanowire, iridium nanowire, palladium nanowire, titanium nanowire, thallium nanowire, tungsten nanowire and vanadium nanowire. The metal wire is copper wire, cobalt wire, nickel wire, ruthenium wire, molybdenum wire, niobium wire, iridium wire, palladium wire, titanium wire, thallium wire, tungsten wire and/or vanadium wire. The protective gas is nitrogen, argon and/or helium. The flow ratio of protective gas to hydrogen gas is 0.1-100 and the flow ratio of protective gas to gaseous carbon source is 1-1000. Preferred Process: The metal line is prepared from metal salt and reducing agent by hydrothermal method or electrochemical deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon source is methane, ethylene, acetylene, ethane, propane, propylene, or mixture of gaseous carbon source, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, toluene, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide or mixture of liquid carbon source, or polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(methyl methacrylate), polydimethylsiloxane or solid carbon source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent and/or auxiliary agent. The organic solvent is terpilenol and carbitol. The auxiliary agent is thickening agent, flatting agent and plasticizer. The thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose and/or ethyl cellulose. The flatting agent is polyacrylic acid and/or organic silicon modified polyacrylate. The plasticizer is diglycol ether and/or citrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thixotropic agent is gas phase silicon dioxide, deposited silicon dioxide and/or organic bentonite. Preferred Composition: The concentration of aluminum powder with grain size of 1-2 mu m is 15-35%. The concentration of aluminum powder with grain size of 3-6 mu m is 65-85%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cellulose comprises ethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose and/or carboxy methyl cellulose. The plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate and/or acrylic acid resin. The surfactant is triethanolamine, hydrogenated castor oil and lecithin. The organic solvent further comprises coupling agent, flatting agent, dispersing agent and thixotropic agent, where the coupling agent is silane coupling agent, titanate, aluminate and/or organic complex, the flatting agent is acrylic ester, and the dispersant is stearic amide or higher alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colloidal electrolyte comprises (in mass%) pure sulfate (35-43, preferably 35), pure water (47-56, preferably 56), JN-30 gelling agent (6-10, preferably 8.0795), stannous sulfate (0.055-0.2, preferably 0.055), cobalt sulfate (0.055-0.2, preferably 0.055), zinc sulfate (0.0055-0.010, preferably 0.0055), glycerol (0.055-0.3, preferably 0.055), polyvinyl alcohol (0.05-0.1, preferably 0.05), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (0.05-0.1, preferably 0.05), phosphoric acid (0.55-1.2, preferably 0.55), dibismuth trioxide (0.05-0.1 preferably 0.55) and diantimony trioxide (0.05-0.2 preferably 0.55).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The flashing strip and the retainer trim are made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fabric is made of inorganic material such as silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal fibers are made of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, copper, silver or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material is selected from a group consisting of acrylic resin, silicone, fluoropolymer, polyurethane (PU), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer or organically modified ceramics (ORMOCER) (RTM: inorganic-organic hybrid polymer). The fibers are made of polypropylene (PP), PET, PI, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (RTM: colorless organic polymer thermoplastic) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier layer contains silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, magnesium, or its oxide, compound or nitride, preferably silicon oxide (SiOx), where x is 1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric resin (r2) contains scale-like silica (0.01-1 wt.%). Preferred Process: The polymeric resin (r1) or polymeric resin (r2) is obtained by mixing polymeric resin with silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The single solvent comprises one selected from chloromethane, dichloromethane, toluene, chloroform and xylene. The cosolvent is formed by at least two solvents selected from chloromethane, dichloromethane, toluene, chloroform and xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Fiber: The diameter of the organic fiber is 10-100 mu m. Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is selected from poly-3-alkylthiophene, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO), poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly-p-phenylene and its derivatives. The conjugated polymer comprises a conjugated polymer mixture selected from a conjugated polymer mixture of polythiophene and its derivatives and polyfluorene and its derivatives, a conjugated polymer mixture of polythiophene and its derivatives and poly(phenylene vinylene) and its derivatives, a conjugated polymer mixture of polythiophene and its derivatives and poly-p-phenylene and its derivatives, a conjugated polymer mixture of polyfluorene and poly(phenylene vinylene) and its derivatives and a conjugated polymer mixture of polyfluorene and poly-p-phenylene and its derivatives. In the conjugated polymer mixture, a weight ratio between the mixed conjugated polymers is 1:99 and 99:1. The conjugated polymer comprises a conjugated copolymer material selected from the group consisting of a conjugated copolymer material of PFO and its derivatives and poly (fluorine-co-thiophene), a conjugated copolymer material of poly (fluorine-co-phenylene vinylene), and a conjugated copolymer material of poly (thiophene-co-phenylene vinylene) and its derivatives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Paste: The ceramic boron-containing dopant paste has a shear thinning power law index of 0.1-0.8 (preferably 0.3). The paste comprises the ceramic particles in an amount of 3-30 (preferably 5-20, especially 12) wt.%; and boron compound particles in an amount of 1-20 (preferably 3-10, especially 5) wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The set of boron compound particles includes at least one of boron nitride (BN), boron oxide (B2O3), boron carbide (B4C), and any of the phases of boron silicide (BxSi) (where x = 2, 3, 4, or 6); or includes at least one of BN, B2O3, B4C, TiBx, MgBx, HfBx, GdBx, or LaBx. The set of ceramic particles includes at least one of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), or calcium oxide (CaO); or at least one of lithium oxide (Li2O), beryllium oxide (BeO), strontium oxide (SrO), scandium oxide (Sc2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), Ce2O3, praseodymium oxide (Pr2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), samarium oxide (Sm2O3), europium oxide (EuO), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), terbium oxide (Tb2O3), dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3), holmium oxide (Ho2O3), Er2O3, thulium oxide (Tm2O3), ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3), lutetium oxide (Lu2O3), thorium oxide (ThO2), uranium oxide (UO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and hafnium oxide (HfO2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The set of solvents comprises terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The set of binder molecules is present in an amount of 0.5-3 (preferably 0.75-2, especially 1.5) wt.%. The set of binder molecules is ethyl cellulose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilized alkali metal includes sodium silicide or sodium silica gel and a coreactant. The reactant fuel material includes sodium borohydride and a coreactant. The reaction waste product includes sodium silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The clear glass substrate is processed using nonionic surfactant before forming the conductive layer. The metal fine wire pattern printing of the metal ink is formed by screen printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer conductive layer contains polymer (A) having hydroxyl group-containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-R)(-Q-A-OH)) (I), and polymer (B) having hydroxyl group-containing structural unit (I) and organic-type structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-R)(-Q-(A)y-Z)).R=H or methyl;Q=-C(=O)O- or -C(=O)NR'a-;R'a=group capable of forming morpholine with H, alkyl or N;A=optionally substituted alkylene, or -(CH2CHR'bO)x-(CH2CHR'b)-;R'b=H or alkyl;x=1-100;y=0 or 1;Z=H, alkyl, alkoxy, morpholino, -O-C(=O)-R'c, -O-SO2-R'd or -O-SiR'e3;R'c-R'e=alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or alkyl;andQ=morpholine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The film includes cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride heterojunction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The zinc oxide is doped with the element selected from aluminum, gallium, indium, boron, titanium, vanadium, yttrium and zirconium. The film includes material e.g. cadmium. The film includes a material such as copper indium selenium or cooper indium gallium selenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent glass substrate is coated with a stack by a thermoplastic intercalary such as polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), in form of laminated structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The black adhesive bond layer is arranged in the surface of inner side of transparent contact layer, in back surface protection sheet. Preferred Component: Alternately, the solar cell module is formed by laminating thin film-type solar cell element (4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic pigment is oxazine-type pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The reflection layer is white resin layer containing resin comprising white pigment, or metal foil-containing metallic reflective layer which is formed by laminating metal-deposited layer on resin base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The penetration hole is made of rubber material, where the rubber material is styrene rubber, butyl rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyurethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluoro rubber or an acrylic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The buffer layer consists of fluororesin, polyester, glass and/or polyolefin. The solar cell module has a contact bonding layer provided between the buffer layer and the polycarbonate base material. The contact bonding layer consists of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, urethane type resin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ( alpha )-olefin is 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene. The adhesive bond layer further contains 0.1-15 parts weight of silane compound of formula: R1-Si-((-R3)n)-(OR2)3-n (I), with respect to 100 parts weight of maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin resin.R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The density of low-density polyethylene resin or linear-low-density-polyethylene resin is 0.92 g/cm3 or less. The melt mass-flow rate of low-density polyethylene resin or linear-low-density polyethylene resin is 3 g/10 minutes or less. The adhesive bond layer is comprises ( alpha )-olefin ethylene copolymer resin modified with maleic anhydride and having ( alpha )-olefin content of 1-25 weight%. The total content of maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin resin is 0.1-3 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass composition contains (in wt.%) bismuth oxide (50-70), boron trioxide (10-20), zinc oxide (5-20), alumina (1-15),and sodium carbonate (1-5), with respect to total weight of the glass composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide additive includes oxide of metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, zinc, zirconium, magnesium and titanium, preferably alumina, silica, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide. The content of oxide additive is 0.1-2 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Unit: The polymer actuator includes a pair of electrode films and a polymer film inserted between the pair of electrode films, and the ion exchange resin is used in at least one of the pair of electrode films and the polymer film. The ion exchange resin is used in each of the pair of electrode films and the polymer film. In the drive unit, a content of the moisturizing agent in the polymer film is more than a content of the moisturizing agent in the electrode film; the ion exchange resin is selectively used in the polymer film; the moisturizing agent is made of a water molecule adsorbent, where the water molecule adsorbent is configured using porous fine particles, where the porous fine particles are configured to include at least one kind of zeolite, silica, and carbon; a content of the zeolite in the ion exchange resin is greater than or equal to 0.25 to less than or equal to 1 (preferably -/50) wt.%; in the porous fine particles, pores are filled with water molecules; the content of the water molecule adsorbent in the ion exchange resin satisfies the equation of W' is greater that (0.0005/A'), where W' is a content of the water molecule adsorbent in the ion exchange resin, and A' is a water content in the water molecule adsorbent; an ion exchange equivalent weight (EW value) in the ion exchange resin is less than or equal to 800 (g/equivalent). The drive unit is configured as a lens drive unit driving a lens.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water molecule adsorbent is made of a hydrophilic organic compound, or deliquescent substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polymer further contains 2nd monomer repeating unit chosen from compound of formulae (2)-(23), 3rd monomer of formula (8) and 4th monomer of formula (13).X=O, S or Se;Y=N or CRa;Z1=NRa, S, Si(RaRb) or C(RaRb);Z2=O, S, Se, NRa, S, Si(RaRb) or C(RaRb);Z3=O, S or NRa;Z4=CH2, O or S;R7=R1;Ra,Rb=H, halo, 1-24C alkyl, aryl heteroaryl, 3-24C cycloalkyl or 3-24C heterocycloalkyl; andRc=H, 1-24C alkyl, aryl heteroaryl, 3-24C cycloalkyl or 3-24C heterocycloalkyl. Preferred Definitions:    A=S;    R=C8H17, C12H25 or C20H41;    X,Z2=S;    Y=CRa;    R1,R2=OR or COORc;    Ra=H;    Rc=1-24C alkyl; and    Z1=Si(RaRb).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The group 14 element-containing aromatic compound is condensed polycyclic aromatic compound or condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound. EXAMPLE - (In mg) 1,3-diiodo-5-octyl-thieno(3,4:c)pyrrole-4,6-dione (88), 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole (144), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (5.9) and copper oxide (15.3) were mixed, anhydrous xylene (2.7 mL) and anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (0.7 mL) were added, put in oil bath at 90 degrees C, and stirred, to obtain copolymer having polydispersity index of 3.47, and number average molecular weight of 9900.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive filler is carbon black, graphite powder and/or nickel-coated copper powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is polyacrylic acid, ethanol and/or ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular weight polymer is polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, polypyrrole, polycarbonate and/or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reinforcing filler comprises inorganic fiber (0-100 mass%), organic fiber (0-90 mass%), asbestos (0-50 mass%) and talcum powder (0-50 mass%). The composite thermal conductive filler comprises aluminum nitride (0-100 mass%), aluminum oxide (0-100 mass%), boron nitride (0-100 mass%), silicon nitrides (0-100 mass%), silicon carbides (0-100 mass%) and bismuth oxide (0-100 mass%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composite plastic body comprises polypropylene (0-100 mass%), polyethylene (0-100 mass%) and polyvinylidene fluoride (0-100 mass%). The composite plastic comprises master batch (30-98 mass%), reinforcing filler (1-50 mass%) and thermal conductive filling materials (1-50 mass%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The antioxidant is phenol or phosphite ester antioxidant, preferably 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl)-4-(ethylphenol), tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, and/or tris(nonylphenyl)phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The fluoro polymer is poly(perfluorosulfonate), fluorocarbon vinyl ether and/or fluorovinyl ether polymer. The functional group is alkoxy group, sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphate group, hydroxy group, amine, nitro or thiol group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. Preferred Property: The thickness of the composite film is 10-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous substrate is polytetrafluoroethylene, polybenzimidazole and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode memory material comprises silicon, germanium, lithium and carbonaceous material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode memory material is selected from a group of oxidic materials e.g. lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide spinel or nickel comprising mixed oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin has characteristics of: Gardner color (Gardner proof method) of 2-5; Brookfield viscosity at 25 degrees C (test method MA 041 LCP) of 350-750 cPs; specific weight (measuring method ISO 2811) of 1100-1150 kg/m3; and Flash Point (PMCC) (test method ASTM-D-93) of higher than 150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top plate and the bottom plate comprise polymer selected from a group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and polyethylene (PE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Sealing material composition contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin which has a crosslinking agent and melt flow rate (MFR) at 190 degrees C of 10-40 g/10 minutes. Sealing material composition contains polyethylene-type resin which has a crosslinking agent and MFR at 190 degrees C of 0.1-1 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst metal comprises platinum. The catalyst support particles include carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During coating, the catalyst support particles and ionomer material are mixed with sodium bicarbonate to dope the ionomer with sodium, and pH (A) of obtained mixture is controlled to 8.5-9. During deposition, the coated agglomerates of catalyst support particles are mixed with chloroplatinic acid, and pH (B) is maintained as 5.75-6.25. During manufacture of catalyst material, carbon monoxide gas is bubbled through the mixture, and the catalyst material is washed in acid to remove the sodium. Formaldehyde is used and pH is maintained as 5.5-6, during chemical reduction. After chemical reduction, the catalyst material is dried and heated at more than 150 degrees C/302 degrees F. Preferred Composition: The ionomer material is a fluoropolymer. Preferred Properties: The ratio of pH (A) and pH (B) is 0.5-3, preferably 1.3-1.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating porous sheet is a nonwoven fabric or a polyolefin microporous membrane made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or polytetrafluoroethylene and has a thickness of 5-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflection layer contains metal or metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coated material further contains hardening agent, and reflection layer (16). The hardening agent is methylolmelamine-type hardening agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hardenable fluoro resin is hydroxyl-containing fluoro olefin-type copolymer having hydroxyl value of 5-250 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Properties: The primary coating material and secondary coating material have yield value of 0.5-5 Pa, and specific gravity of 1.1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The electroconductive layer contains silver nanowire having average diameter of 50 nm or less and average length of 5 mu m or more, as conductive fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The electroconductive layer contains sol-gel hardened material obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing alkoxide compound of element chosen from silicon, titanium, zirconium and aluminum. The intermediate layer has a functional group chosen from at least one of salt of amide group, amino group, mercapto group, carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group and phosphonic group. The functional group is fixed in the silane coupling agent-containing intermediate layer by the reaction of silane coupling agent on the base material. The content of silane coupling agent in the intermediate layer is 1 mu mol/m2 to 1 mmol/m2. Preferred Property: The intermediate layer has contact angle of 5-40 degrees , with respect to water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The base material is glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate or triacetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal nanowire is silver nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The electroconductive layer contains sol-gel hardened material obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing organoalkoxy compound of formula: M2(OR2)aR34-a (I) by tetraalkoxy compound of formula: M1(OR1)4 (II). The electroconductive layer contains a conductive region containing metal nanowire, and non-conductive resin. An intermediate layer containing compound having functional group, is formed between the base material and electroconductive layer.R1=hydrocarbyl;R2=R3;anda=2 or 3.Preferred Properties: The electroconductive layer has surface resistivity of 1000 Omega /square or less, and average film thickness of 0.005-0.5 mu m. The ratio of surface resistivity of electroconductive layer after subjecting to wear-resistance test performed using continuous load scratch-test machine under pressure of 125 g/cm2, with respect to surface resistivity of electroconductive layer before wear-resistance test, is 100 or less. The ratio of surface resistivity of electroconductive layer after subjecting to bending test performed using cylindrical mandrel bending tester having diameter of 10 mm, with respect to surface resistivity of electroconductive layer before performing bending test, is 2 or less. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of tetraalkoxy compound with respect to organoalkoxy compound in the electroconductive layer is 0.01:1-100:1. The mass ratio of total content of tetraalkoxy compound and organoalkoxy compound in the electroconductive layer with respect to metal nanowire is 0.5:1-25:1. The functional group is salt of amide group, amino group, mercapto group, carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, and/or phosphonic acid group. Preferred Definitions:    M1,M2=silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyethylene-type film layer contains white inorganic material. The content of white inorganic material in the polyethylene type film layer is 5-15 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyethylene resin. The white inorganic material contains titanium dioxide. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the fluorine coating layer, polyethylene type film layer, and silicon oxide layer is 5-30 mm, 30-250 mm, and 10-500 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine coating layer contains ethylene-containing fluorine resin. The back sheet further contains silicon oxide layer among the polyester film layer and fluorine coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel holder comprises plastic, in particular plastic chosen from the group polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal catalyst is a copper(II) salt or a zinc(II) salt. The copper(II) salt is copper(II) triflate, copper(acetate)2, copper(trifluoroacetate)2, copper(halide)2, copper(sulfate)2, and copper(II)oxide. The zinc (II) salt is zinc trifluoromethylsulfonate, zinc(acetate)2, zinc(trifluoroacetate)2, zinc(halide)2, zinc(sulfate)2 or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The annulating compound comprises an aryl ethynylene group, and an en-al group or an aryl aldehyde group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The oxidizing step is carried out in solution and the concentration of arylannulated polymer is present at a concentration of 50 mM or less. Preferred Components: The PPE polymer has a structure of formulae (i)-(iii). The GNR has: a length of 10-500 nm; and a width of 1-1.2 nm, where the width does not include R1-R4.Ar1 = 6-24C aryl. EXAMPLE - Polymer having a structure of formula (i) (0.050 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (40 ml) under an nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of iron(III) chloride (0.300 g) dissolved in methyl nitrite (2 ml) was added dropwise under nitrogen. The solution was stirred for 24 hours, after which it was poured into methanol (50 ml), and a black precipitate formed. The precipitate was recovered and redispersed in methanol (20 ml). The precipitate subjected to Soxhlet extraction using acetone as the liquid phase for 24 hours to provide graphene nanoribbon having structure of formula (ii) (0.044 g, 90%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The film comprises (in %mass): PVDF (70-95), methacrylic acid ester resin (5-30), fatty acid ester of PEG and/or its derivatives (0.1-5) and titanium oxide (10-25) with respect to 100 parts mass of resin components. The content of the titanium oxide is 12-20 parts mass. The total adhesion amount of alumina, silica, and zirconia in the titanium oxide is 6-12 %mass. The adhesion amount of alumina and silica is 2.5 %mass or more, and adhesion amount of zirconia is 1-2 %mass. The titanium oxide is surface treated using organic substance. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide-based pigment includes a manganese ferrite black spinel, a chromium cobalt iron black spinel, a copper chromite black spinel and a nickel iron chromite black spinel, and a reaction product of high temperature calcination in which manganese (II) oxide, iron (II) oxide, manganese (III) oxide, and iron (III) oxide are homogenously and ionically interdiffused to form a crystalline matrix of spinel. The oxide-based pigment includes chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, ferric oxide, nickel oxide and manganese dioxide. The glass additive is boric acid, boron oxide, metal boride and/or boron salts, and sodium borate, disodium tetraborate and/or potassium tetraborate. The inorganic filler is chosen from one of mica, talc or clay. The inorganic filler is phosphate, magnesium oxide and/or silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal article is comprised of steel, alloy steel or superalloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The formulation further comprises a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a thickening agent, a de-foaming agent, an agent to improve electrostatic or other types of spraying, and an agent to prevent settling, and an organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises glycol ether, aromatic naphtha solvent, butyl acetate, toluene and xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder includes silicone resin, silicone resin copolymer, silicone-polyester resin and/or silicone-epoxy resin, and methyl polysiloxane, phenyl polysiloxane, phenylmethyl silicone resin and/or emulsion of phenylmethyl polysiloxane resin, preferably phenylmethyl polysiloxane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium oxide particles contain anatase-type titanium oxide, rutile-type titanium dioxide, brookite-type titanium oxide and/or amorphous titanium oxide, preferably anatase-type titanium oxide.The content of heavy metal in the composite is 1000 ppm or less. The composite is manufactured using fluorocomplex chosen from ammonium-titanium fluoride, dihydrogen titanium fluoride, disodium titanium fluoride, dipotassium titanium fluoride and titanium fluoride. The coating layer further contains fluoride-ion trapping agent.Preferred Properties: The average diameter which is orthogonal to the long axis of the composite is 10-500 nm. The average length of long axis of the composite is 0.1-100 mu m. The average length of long axis of the polyaniline is 0.1-100 mu m. The average particle diameter of titanium oxide particles is 1-100 mu m. The composite has powder resistance of less than 1x 107 Omega .m under pressure of 10 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The precursor solution (I) contains ammonium metavanadate, ammonium chloride, lithium acetate, lanthanum nitrate and acetic acid. The precursor solution (II) has same composition as solution (I). The can is made of copper sheet, silicon chip or nickel sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The auxiliary agent contains ethylene glycol methyl ether, amyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface of base material is washed with purified water and/or alcohol having boiling point of 100 degrees C or less. Preferred Composition: The coating composition further contains compound (C) containing hydrolyzable silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer particles (B) having number average particle diameter of 10-800 nm, are obtained by polymerizing hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer in undiluted solution containing water, using emulsifier. Preferred Composition: The amount of polymer particles (B) is 15 %mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode layer comprises a conductive material consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, copper, chromium, aluminum, nickel and platinum. The copper-bearing layer comprises a pure copper material or a copper-gallium alloy. The indium sputtering target is made of 99.999% of pure indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic compound is silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. The gas used as silicon source in the inorganic compound is silicon hydride or halogenated silane. Preferred Property: The visible ray transmittance of the laminate is 80% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin contains ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymerized polyamide film comprises 20 mol% of structural units (C) derived from aminocarboxylic acid or lactam other than the structural units (A and B). Preferred Property: The melting point of copolyamide is 300-330 degrees C and the crystallization temperature is 100-140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The upper subcell is made up of aluminum gallium indium phosphide. The middle subcell is made up of gallium arsenide emitter region, gallium indium phosphide emitter region, gallium indium arsenide emitter region, gallium arsenide antimony emitter region, or gallium indium arsenide nitride emitter region, and gallium arsenide base region, gallium indium arsenide base region, gallium arsenide antimony base region, or gallium indium arsenide nitride base region. The lower solar subcell is made of indium gallium arsenide base and emitter layers. The surrogate substrate is made of gallium arsenide, germanium or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises treating a thiophene compound of formula (II) with a tin compound of formula (Sn((R100)(R101)(R102))-(G1)q-(L)r-(G2)s-Sn((R100)(R101)(R102))) (III) in the presence of transition metal catalyst.R100, R101, R102 = 1-10C alkyl, preferably CH3; andRx = halo, preferably -Br. Preferred Definitions:    R = 2;    q, s = 1; and    L = 2,5-thiophene.    EXAMPLE - Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (6.3 mg) and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (4.2 mg) were added to a solution of 3,6-dibromo-thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione (75 mg) and 3,3'''-didodecyl-5,5'''-bis-trimethylstannanyl-(2,2';5',2'';5'',2''')quaterthiophene (228 mg) in anhydrous chlorobenzene (7.7 ml) under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 2 days under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into methanol (300 ml) and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The precipitate was filtered and washed with methanol and subjected to Soxhlet extraction in acetone. The precipitate was then dissolved in toluene and precipitated with methanol to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate has metal oxide and metal sulfide. The substrate is made of material selected from the group of titanium dioxide, zinc sulphide, tantalum pentoxide, zirconium oxide, tin nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum Oxide, niobium pentoxide and hafnium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The medium has thermoplastic polymer selected from the group of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyetherketone, polyethylene naphthalate, poly- imide, polystyrene, poly-oxy-methylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylbu- tyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dichroic materials including two or more of niobium pentoxide (Nb205), silicon dioxide (Si02), titanium dioxide (Ti02), tantalum pentoxide (Ta205), zirconium pentoxide (Zr205), hafnium dioxide (HfD2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and aluminum oxide (AI203).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode substrate comprises a transparent substrate and a conductive layer formed on the transparent substrate. The transparent substrate comprises glass, a transparent plastic sheet or polished ceramic plate. The conductive layer comprises tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO2), and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The oxide semiconductor porous film comprises titanium oxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and/or niobium oxide (Nb2O5). The diionic liquid has a concentration of 0.1-1.0 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent comprises ethanol, acetonitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, propionitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN), ethyl carbonate, propyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate or 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole. The stabilizer comprises lithium iodide (LiI), N-butyl benzimidazole (NBB), 1-methylbenzimidazole (NMBI) or 4-tert-butyl pyridine (TBP). The soluble electrolyte comprises 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (PMII), 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (EMII), 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium iodide (DMII) or 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (AMII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st inorganic layer contains silicon nitride or aluminum nitride. Metal carbide is aluminum carbide, and carbonized semi-metal is silicon carbide. The 2nd inorganic layer contains nitrogen. Reactive gas contains nitrogen. Target is a single unit, a mixture, or an alloy of metal and/or semi-metal. At least one part of laminated body is coated with transparent gas barrier film. Preferred Processes: Sputtering method is pulse direct current (DC) sputtering method or radio frequency (RF) sputtering method. The 1st inorganic layer forming process is performed by vapor deposition method, sputtering method, and/or chemical vapor deposition method (CVD).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The molten aluminum-plated steel plate has plate thickness of 20-600 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic-inorganic composite process layer contains 5-800 mg/m2 of resin components of the cured material, 0.2-200 mg/m2 of phosphorus component (in conversion of phosphorus) of the cured material, and 0.5-60 mg/m2 of zirconium component (in conversion of zirconium) of the cured material. The resin composition further contains basic zirconium compound. The mass ratio of the oxazoline group-containing resin with respect to total amount of the carboxyl group-containing resin in the resin composition and the oxazoline group-containing resin is 2-50. The laminate further has an acid-modified polyolefin-based resin layer between the organic-inorganic composite process layer and the heat-fusible polyolefin resin layer, and resin layer formed on the surface (B) of the molten aluminum-plated steel plate. Preferred Properties: The carboxyl group-containing resin has acid value of 300 mg potassium hydroxide/g or more in conversion of resin solid content. The acid-modified polyolefin-based resin layer has thickness of 10-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (A) comprises 5-20 parts weight of polycarbonate polyol and/or polycarbonate urethane polyol, and has a structure formed by chemical bonding with polycarbonate polyol and/or polycarbonate urethane polyol. The component (B) contains polyisocyanate derived from isophorone diisocyanate, polyisocyanate derived from trimethyl xylene diisocyanate, or block isocyanate. The adhesive composition further contains 0.1-5 parts weight of silane coupling agent (C) with respect to 100 parts weight of acrylic polyol (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface conditioner is silicone-type surface conditioner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester polyurethane polyol is obtained by reacting trifunctional or more polyisocyanate compound, polybasic acid and polyhydric alcohol, or polyester polyurethane polyol, diisocyanate compound and trifunctional or more polyisocyanate compound. The mass ratio of diisocyanate compound and trifunctional or more polyisocyanate compound is 50/50-5/95. The content of hydroxyl of the polyester polyurethane polyol is 5-30 mgKOH/g. The resin composition contains (in parts mass) epoxy resin (5-20), polycarbonate resin (5-20) and polyester polyurethane polyols (100). The ratio of sum total number-of-moles of the hydroxyl group contained in polyester polyurethane polyol, epoxy resin and polycarbonate resin with respect to number-of-moles of isocyanate group contained in polyisocyanate compound is 1/1-1/2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or carbon nanotube (CNT). Semiconductor oxide layer contains titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, and/or zinc oxide. Dye is a ruthenium complex. Preferred Forms: Semiconductor oxide layer is formed in the form of nanoparticle, nanowire, or nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic layer contains silane compound e.g. aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). Concentration of organic material is 0.2-200 mM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The edible calcium is at least one chosen from calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxygen is at least one chosen from diphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, dihydroquinoline or its derivatives, 2,6-tributyl-4-methylphenol, dioctadecyl alcohol ester, trioctyl ester and tridecyl ester. The UV screening agent is at least one chosen from carbon black, red iron oxide, zinc oxide, benzophenone and benzotriazole compound. The setting agent has theoretical gas content of less than 120 ml/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous metal oxide semiconductor layer consists of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide or complex oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous base material includes glass, fused silica wafer, silicon wafer or photoresist. The porous membrane includes organic-inorganic hybrid film. The membrane further has co-catalyst layer containing platinum, palladium, rhodium, nickel, chromium, silver, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, ruthenium, tin, zirconium, cobalt, iron and/or tantalum. Preferred Property: The size of the hole of porous membrane is 10 nm to 100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen ion transport material contains Nafion (RTM: polyether-ether-ketone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The light-absorption layer comprises deoxycholic acid, cholic acid methyl ester, cholic acid sodium salt, crown ether, cyclodextrin, calixarene and/or polyethylene oxide. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Zinc (II) porphyrin derivatives e.g. (2E)-3-(12-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)-7,17-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,22,23,25-tetraaza-1-zincaoctacyclo(11.9.1.11,8.13,21.02,6.016,23.018,22.011,25)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16(23),17,19,21(24)-undecaen-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid of formula (Ia), (2E)-3-(17-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)-5-((1E)-2-carboxyeth-1-en-1-yl)-12,24-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,22,23,25-tetraaza-1-zincaoctacyclo(11.9.1.11,8.13,21.02,6.016,23.018,22.011,25)pentacosa-2(6),3(24),4,7,9,11,13(23),14,16,18,20-undecaen-9-yl)prop-2-enoic, (2E)-3-(17-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)-5-((1E)-2-carboxyeth-1-en-1-yl)-12,24-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,22,23,25-tetraaza-1-zincaoctacyclo(11.9.1.11,8.13,21.02,6.016,23.018,22.011,25)pentacosa-2(6),3(24),4,7,9,11,13(23),14,16,18,20-undecaen-9-yl)prop-2-enoic acid, (2E,4E)-5-(17-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)-5-((1E,3E)-4-carboxybuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-12,24-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,22,23,25-tetraaza-1-zincaoctacyclo(11.9.1.11,8.13,21.02,6.016,23.018,22.011,25)pentacosa-2(6),3(24),4,7,9,11,13(23),14,16,18,20-undecaen-9-yl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid and (2E)-3-(12-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)-7,17-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,22,23,25-tetraaza-1-zincaoctacyclo(11.9.1.11,8.13,21.02,6.016,23.018,22.011,25)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16(23),17,19,21(24)-undecaen-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is organic lithium salt and/or inorganic lithium salt chosen from hexafluoro lithium phosphate, tetrafluoro lithium borate, lithium oxy chloride and/or hexafluoro arsenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid dianhydride is chosen from tetrahydrofuro(3',4':3,4)cyclobuta(1,2-c)furan-1,3,4,6-tetrone, 3a,6a-dimethyltetrahydrofuro(3',4':3,4)cyclobuta(1,2-c)furan-1,3,4,6-tetrone, 3a,3b-dimethyltetrahydrofuro(3',4':3,4)cyclobuta(1,2-c)furan-1,3,4,6-tetrone, 3a,3b,6a,6b-tetramethyltetrahydrofuro(3',4':3,4)cyclobuta(1,2-c)furan-1,3,4,6-tetrone, tetrahydro-1H-furo(3',4':3,4)cyclopenta(1,2-c)furan-1,3,4,6(3aH)-tetrone, 4,10-dioxatricyclo(6.3.1.02,7)dodecane-3,5,9,11-tetrone, hexahydro-1H,3H-furo(3,4-f)(2)benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone, 4,10-dioxatetracyclo(5.5.2.02,6.08,12)tetradecane-3,5,9,11-tetrone, 4,10-dioxatetracyclo(5.5.1.02,6.08,12)tridecane-3,5,9,11-tetrone, 6,14-dioxahexacyclo(9.5.1.13,9.02,10.04,8.012,16)octadecane-5,7,13,15-tetrone and 5,11-dioxatetracyclo(7.3.1.13,7.02,8)tetradecane-4,6,10,12-tetrone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic lithium salt is lithium sulfonate trifluoromethane, LiN(SO3CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, and LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9). The organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Preferred Definitions:    X=groups chosen from group of formulae (i)-(xi).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Cyano compound of formula (VI) is reacted with hydrazine, and oxidation is carried out to obtain tetrazine compound of formula (IV). The compound (IV) is halogenated to obtain monomer (II) (x is 1). Alternatively, monomer (II) (x is 1) is further reacted with tin-containing compound of formula (III) in the presence of a catalyst for 3 times, and halogenated to obtain monomer (II) (x is 2-4). Preferred Method: The compound (VI) is reacted with hydrazine in the presence of elemental sulfur. Oxidation is performed in the presence of isoamyl nitrite. Preferred Copolymer: The copolymer is chosen from 8 claimed copolymers e.g. copolymer of formula (1)-(5). The film or membrane further comprises an electron accepting compound having fullerene. The fullerene comprises (6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester. Preferred Definitions:    n=10-2000;    Ar=14 claimed groups e.g. group of formula (a)-(e);    R2=1-20C linear or branched alkyl, preferably hexyl or 2-ethylhexyl;    A=S;    x=1;and    R1=hexyl or 2-ethylhexyl.    EXAMPLE - N-bromo succinimide (in g) (0.57) was added to a solution of 3,6-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thien-2-yl)-s-tetrazine (0.6) in a mixture of chloroform (15 mL) and glacial acetic acid at room temperature. The solution was heated and stirred at 50 degrees C for 4 hours and 80 degrees C for 5 hours. The solution was subjected to vacuum distillation at 50 degrees C to remove solvent. The resulting red solid residue was washed with methanol and purified. 3,6-Bis(5-bromo-4-(2-ethylhexyl)thien-2-yl)-s-tetrazine (1.17) was obtained at yield of 46%. A copolymer was obtained from the obtained tetrazine monomer with number average molecular weight of 22100 and weight average molecular weight of 59700.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bench is made of polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: An exterior surface of the first adaptor, when received by the first electronic portable device, forms a portion of the exterior surface of the first electronic portable device. The system further comprises at least one latch mechanism located on a portion of the first adaptor. The universal battery comprises at least one of a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery. The first adaptor, second adaptor, and battery are located in a package suitable for displaying the first adaptor, second adaptor, and battery. The universal battery comprises a single cell or multiple cells. The second adaptor electrical contacts are configured to communicate with at least one electrical contact of a personal computer board of one of the multiple portable electronic devices. The kit further comprises at least one universal battery adapted to be received by the recess, and at least one instruction. The package comprises a see-through plastic to permit facile viewing of the contents of the package. An exterior surface of at least one of the multiple adaptors, when received by one of the multiple electronic portable devices, forms a portion of the exterior surface of one of the multiple electronic portable devices.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-propylene-diene rubber has ethylene content of 50 %mass or less. The softener (E) is poly-( alpha )-olefin. The addition amount of softener is 5-50 parts mass, with respect to 100 parts mass of rubber component (A). Preferred Properties: The adhesive sealing component has 100% modulus of 2-4 MPa, and Gehman twist test temperature of -40 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is made of polyimide, coated polyimide, stainless steel, coated stainless steel, mild steel, coated mild steel, aluminum, coated aluminum, glass, or ceramic material. Preferred Definitions:    A=copper;    B'=gallium;and    C'=selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The fuel cell catalyst layer further comprises electron-conducting particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition of the fluorescent substance is of formula MMgAl10O17:Eu, Mn.M=at least one element selected from Ba, Sr and Ca.Preferred Components: The parent material of the fluorescent substance contains one of (Ba, Sr)2SiO4, (Ba, Sr, Ca)2SiO4, Ba2SiO4, Sr3SiO5, (Sr, Ca, Ba)3SiO5, (Ba, Sr, Ca)3MgSi2O8, Ca3Si2O7, Ca2ZnSi2O7, Ba3Sc2Si3O12 and Ca3Sc2Si3O12. The parent material of the fluorescent substance is of formula M'AlSiN3. The average particle diameter of the fluorescent substance is greater than or equal to 1 to less than or equal to 50 mu m.M'=at least one element selected from Ba, Sr, Ca and Mg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material of polymer coating is methyl methacrylate resin; or is one of polyethylene and a vinyl chloride resin. The thickness of the polymer coating is greater than or equal to 70 nm. The sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as a main component. The sealing material contains at least one additive selected from organic peroxide, a crosslinking auxiliary agent and an adhesion improver. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bottom electrode layer is made of a transparent conducting oxide such as indium-tin-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic photo-active layer is made of a polymeric photoactive material or small molecule photoactive material. The grating structure is formed from poly(methyl methacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The amount of spraying is performed during manufacture of non-expanded polyester sheet to 100-1000 ml/m2. The maximum particle size of mist-like water injected is 50 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The sheet-like polyester resin has amplitude of 0.01-0.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silane-modified resin is obtained by graft-copolymerizing or copolymerizing ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and linear low-density polyethylene. Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking agent is 0.05 parts weight or less with respect to 100 parts weight of resin. The content of silanol condensation catalyst is 0.05 parts weight or less with respect to 100 parts weight of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lower unit portion is selected from the group consisting of crystalline silicon, copper indium selenide and germanium. The upper unit portion is made of from the group consisting of copper indium gallium selenide, copper gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of component (B1) and component (B2) is respectively 0.5-1.5 parts weight and 0.1-1.5 parts weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene polymer (A). The content of ethylenic unsaturated silane compound (B) is 0.6-3 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene polymer (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modified polymer of ethylene polymer (A), is obtained by performing extrusion melting of mixture of ethylene polymer (A), ethylenic unsaturated silane compound (B) and organic peroxide. The ethylene resin composition further contains a modified copolymer obtained by modifying component (B) in ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer (C) by vinyl triethoxy silane. The ethylene polymer (A) is a mixture of powder and pellets. The ethylene resin composition further comprises additive(s) chosen from ultraviolet absorber (D), optical stabilizer (E) and heat-resistant stabilizer (F). The content of modified polymer of component (C) is 90 parts weight or less, with respect to total of 100 parts weight of modified polymer of component (A) and modified polymer of component (C). Preferred Property: The component (C) has density of 850-900 kg/m3. Preferred Material: The solar cell sealing material has a sheet containing ethylene resin composition, and is integrated solar cell sealing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte salt compound is lithium salt compound. The negative electrode material contains a mixture of negative electrode active material, conductive support agent and binder. The negative electrode active material contains lithium, carbon, silicon-type compound, tin-type compound, aluminum-type compound, and/or titanium-type compound. The positive electrode material is of formula: AMO2, AM2O4, A2MO3, and/or AMB'O4.A=alkali metal;M=transition metal(s) or optionally non-transition metal;andB'=phosphorus and/or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic organic solvent is chosen from ether and ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: After coating the solid polymer electrolyte composition to main surface, crosslinking process is performed to obtain crosslinked component. The solid polymer electrolyte further contains aprotic organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte salt compound is lithium salt compound. The negative electrode material contains a mixture of negative electrode active material, conductive support agent and binder. The negative electrode active material contains lithium, carbon, silicon-type compound, tin-type compound, aluminum-type compound, and/or titanium-type compound. The positive electrode material is of formula: AMO2, AM2O4, A2MO3, and/or AMB'O4.A=alkali metal;M=transition metal(s) or optionally nontransition metal;andB'=phosphorus and/or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic organic solvent is chosen from ether and ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: After coating the solid polymer electrolyte composition to main surface, crosslinking process is performed to obtain crosslinked component. The aprotic organic solvent is further added to the solid polymer electrolyte composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (A) is liquid-crystalline phthalocyanine derivative. An active layer is formed by coating of the solution. The component (A) has alkyl group in 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25-position of phthalocyanine ring. The alkyl group is hexyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: One side of the active layer comprises poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene) or (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The shell is made of sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, iron, zinc, germanium, ruthenium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, platinum, gold, thallium and/or bismuth in circular, triangular, quadratic, rectangular, polygonal, oval or ellipsoidal cross-section.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The module tables consists of an ultra violet-resistant plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, carbon fiber, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate or fiberglass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder comprises silsesquioxane. The composition further contains coupling agent. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The tackifying resin is petroleum-based resin and/or terpene-type-resin in which full hydrogenation is carried out. The content of alpha -olefin polymer, tackifier and acidic radical-containing olefin polymer is 50-90 parts weight, 5-50 parts weight and 1-20 parts weight, respectively. The acidic radical-containing olefin polymer (C) is maleic acid addition polymer and/or maleic anhydride addition polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The multiwalled carbon nanotube are acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotube. The actuator element comprises at least 2 electroconductive thin film layer containing the conductive thin film as electrode mutually formed on the surface of ion conductive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polyester resin has biphenyl group-containing structural units of formulae (III)-(V).R31-R38=R11;X=optionally substituted coupling group;R41,R51,R52=substituents;andm,n,k=0-3.Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of total amount of structural units (I and II) and total amount of structural units (I)-(III) is 0.2-0.9. Preferred Method: The polyester resin is stretched along vertical and horizontal directions by tensile strength of 10-80 MPa. The stretched resin is held along width direction using a tenter. The stretched resin is supported with a roller or air-floated, and heat-treated without holding edge portion. The polyester resin is prepared by molten film-forming method and solution flow-spreading method. The heat-treated resin film has linear thermal expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/K or less, preferably 20 ppm/K or less, thermal contraction rate of 20 ppm or less and visible light transmittance of 90% or more. The polyester resin film has gas barrier layer and a transparent conductive layer. Preferred Definitions:    R15-R18=fluoro, chloro, bromo, 1-4C alkyl, phenyl or methoxy;and    R21-R26=H, fluoro, bromo, chloro, 1-4C alkyl, phenyl or methoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The secondary battery contains lithium salt of olivine-type iron phosphate as positive electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolytic salt is of formula: R3SO2N-SO2R4 or (B(CN)4-m(R5)m), hexafluoro phosphate, tetrafluoro borate, or trifluoromethane sulfonic acid.R3,R4=F, CF3, C2F5;R5=H, halo or 1-30C organic substituent;andm=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is a crosslinked polymer obtained using vinyl ether group-containing monomer component which contains (meth)acrylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The support is woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, porous membrane, or glass-molded product, and has thickness of 1-200 mu m. Preferred Definitions:    n=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The core contains radioactive isotope. The transducer contains bismuth telluride, lead telluride and/or germanium-silicon alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The outermost layer of the nuclear battery is made of 3003H14-type aluminum alloy. The radioactive isotope is plutonium-238, polonium-210 or strontium-90.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The radiation shield layer contains resin and nano-composite material, and nano sulfate composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mesoporous tungsten oxide carrier has pore wall. The hard template used during manufacture of cathode catalyst is 3D KIT-6 silica template and SBA-15 one dimension silica template. The tungsten precursor used during manufacture of cathode catalyst is of formula: H3PW12O40.xH2O. The weight ratio of hard template and tungsten precursor is 1:2-1:4. Preferred Properties: The thickness of pore wall is 5-15 nm. The pore has mean size of 5-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The strips are made of glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ambient comprises nitrogen or argon. The substrate comprises silicon, germanium, a compound semiconductor material, germanium, silicon-germanium, glass, quartz, or fused silica. The first electrode layer comprises aluminum or tungsten. The transparent conducting oxide material comprises zinc oxide: aluminum, tin (II) oxide:fluorine, or indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sputtering targets comprise a conductive material consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, copper, chromium, aluminum, nickel, and platinum. The copper-bearing material layer comprises a copper-gallium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high resistivity encapsulant is polyolefin or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The alloy layer comprises 1-50 molar percentages of gallium, not more than 5 molar percentages of any other impurity, and a remaining molar percentage of ruthenium. The Group IIIA material is gallium or indium. An intermediate layer e.g. molybdenum layer, is formed on the alloy layer. The conductive substrate is a stainless steel foil, an aluminum foil or a polymer foil coated with molybdenum metallic conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic fine particles contain tin oxide, titania, silica, calcium carbonate, and/or magnesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The easy-bonding layer contains a silane coupling agent and/or its hydrolyzate. The silane coupling agent is of formula: Si(OR1)4 or R2(Si(OR3)3)n.R1,R3=-CH3, -C2H5 or C2H4OCH3;R2=organic group containing functional group;andn=positive integer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: A fluororesin layer (4) is bonded with the easy-bonding layer through a contact bonding layer (3). The easy-bonding layer is provided after subjecting the surface of polyester film to corona treatment, flame treatment, or plasma processing. The easy-bonding layer is provided by application after longitudinal stretching of polyester film and before lateral stretching. Preferred Components: The easy-bonding layer contains polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and/or polyacrylic resin. The fluororesin layer contains tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, and/or polyvinylidene fluoride resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The covering layer has thickness of less than 2 mm, preferably 1.5-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The end plates are made of iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The end plate is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The plastic film of surface-protection material contains sealing material close adherence film layer having melting point of 180 degrees C or less, and weather-resistance film layer having melting point of 180 degrees C or less, or polyolefin resin layer having melting point of 180 degrees C or less and fluorine resin layer having melting point of 180 degrees C or less. Preferred Component: The cyclic olefin-type polymer is cyclic olefin-type random copolymer having cyclic olefin component of formula (I) and linear olefin component.R1-R12=H or hydrocarbyl;or R5+R10,R11+R12=bivalent hydrocarbyl;or R3+R10,R11+R12=ring;andn=0 or positive integer.Preferred Property: The sealing material has water-vapor-permeation rate of less than 1 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonized material chosen from metal carbide and carbonization semimetal is silicon carbide. The suboxide inorganic layer contains suboxidation silicon or suboxidation aluminum. The carbon containing inorganic layer is formed using target containing silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of oxygen with respect to silicon in silicon-oxide thin film is 1.6-2, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Preferred Property: The thickness of silicon-oxide thin film is 10-300 nm. Preferred Layer: An anchor-coat layer is formed between the base material and silicon-oxide thin film. Preferred Process: Reactive-ion-etching process is performed with respect to the surface of the base material, such that silicon-oxide thin film is laminated to the base material. Preferred Condition: The reactive-ion-etching process is performed in presence of argon, nitrogen, oxygen and/or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anchor-coat layer comprises polyester resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin and oxazoline-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The suboxide inorganic layer contains silicon suboxide or aluminum suboxide. The inorganic layer contains at least one of aluminum and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Heating temperature is 400-1000 degrees . Oxygen partial pressure of the atmosphere during heating is greater than or equal to 1 kPa. Preferred Parameters: Specific surface area of titanium oxide nanotube is greater than or equal to 30 m2/g. Particulate-form titanium oxide (A) is 1-100 nm. Powder resistance under 10 MPa pressure is less than or equal to 1x 107 Omega .m. Preferred Components: Titanium oxide particulate (A) is applied by precipitation reaction from titanium fluorocomplex, such as ammonium hexafluorotitanate ((NH4)2TiF6), fluorotitanic acid (H2TiF6), sodium hexafluorotitanate (Na2TiF6), potassium hexafluorotitanate (K2TiF6) and titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4). Heavy metal content of titanium oxide nanotube is less than or equal to 1000 ppm, where total content of sodium, potassium, and iron is less than or equal to 100 ppm. Preferred Process: Application of titanium oxide particulate is performed in the presence of fluoride ion trapping agent which is greater than or equal to 2 times the molar concentration of titanium fluorocomplex. Titanium oxide sol which contains titanium oxide particulate (B) and has an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 20 nm is contacted with polyaniline tube or fiber after forming titanium oxide (A) on the surface. Particulate-form titanium oxide (A) contains anatase type titanium oxide, rutile type titanium dioxide, brookite type titanium oxide, or amorphous titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The average direct descent which orthogonally crosses the long axis of the polyaniline is 8-450 nm, and the average length of the long axis of polyaniline is 0.1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-withdrawing fullerene derivative is (6,6)-phenyl-(6,6)-butyric acid methyl ester or (6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (A) has a structure of formula (AA)-(AC). The number-average molecular weight of the polymer is 15-25 kDa. The polydispersity index of the polymer is 1.5-3.n = 1-200. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = 2-ethylhexyl or 2-butylhexyl;    Z = -C(O)OCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9 or C(O)OCH2CH(C4H9)C6H13; and    W1 = H or F.    EXAMPLE - 2-Butyloctyl-4,6-dibromothieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate (32.7 mg) was weighed into a 10 ml round-bottom flask. A 3,7-Dialkyl-dithieno(2,3-d:2',3'-d')benzo(1,2-jb:4,5-jb')dithiophene compound of formula (B) (56.3 mg) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (3 mg) were added. The flask was subjected to five successive cycles of vacuum followed by refilling with argon. Then, anhydrous dimethylformamide (0.4 ml) and anhydrous toluene (1.6 ml) were added via a syringe. The polymerization was carried out at 120 degrees C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The raw product was precipitated into methanol and collected by filtration. The polymer (AB) was purified by Soxhlet extraction with hexane, methanol, chloroform and chlorobenzene. The resulting solid (30 mg, 50%) from chlorobenzene fraction was obtained after drying in vacuum overnight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Electrolyte: The electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of lithium of the lithium compound relative to the metal of the composite metal precursor is 0.97-1.05. The lithium compound comprises lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide hydrate, and/or lithium oxide. The solvent is capable of dissolving the carbon coating material, but unable to dissolve the lithium compound. The solvent is methanol, and/or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The firing is performed in air. The composite metal precursor and the lithium compound are mixed so that lithium of the lithium compound relative to the metal of the composite metal precursor is present at a mole ratio of 0.9-1.2. The lithium compensating compound is further added to compensate for the loss of the lithium compound by the solvent. Preferred Material: The carbon coating material comprises sucrose, amylose, a water-soluble hydrocarbon compound, a thermoplastic polymer, and/or a carbon powder. Preferred Definitions:    x=0.55-0.65;    y=0.15-0.25;    z=0.15-0.25;    k=0-0.1.    EXAMPLE - A NiSO4, CoSO4, and MnSO4 were mixed at ratio of 6:2:2 in a water solvent to prepare a precursor liquid. The precursor liquid, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were added to a reactor to perform a co-precipitation, to obtain a co-precipitator of Ni, Co and Mn. After the reaction, transition element precursor hydroxide products were several times gathered and rinsed and then, dried in a 120 degrees C oven. Then, lithium carbonate was added to the dried transition element precursor hydroxide to have a Li/transition element ratio of 1.03. The mixture was well mixed; and resulting product was fired to form LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2 product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bio-fuel cell fuel supply body further comprises: a fuel containing portion (2) in which fuel is contained; and a biocatalyst containing portion (4) in which the biocatalyst is contained, where the fuel containing portion and the biocatalyst containing portion are formed from the material having the biopolymer. The fuel containing portion and the biocatalyst containing portion are provided independently. The fuel is in a solid state and the fuel containing portion also serves as the biocatalyst containing portion. The biocatalyst is contained or immobilized in an inactive state. The fuel containing portion and the biocatalyst containing portion are formed from the material having the biopolymer that is different from the biopolymer of the fuel, and a first biocatalyst that metabolically decomposes the biopolymer of the material and a second biocatalyst that metabolically decomposes the biopolymer contained in the fuel are contained in the biocatalyst containing portion. The bio-fuel cell is provided with a fuel reservoir portion including a mechanism that cuts, ruptures, or crushes the fuel supply body and the fuel supply body is decomposed in the fuel reservoir portion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biopolymer is carbohydrate. The biopolymer is cellulose or starch, and the biocatalyst is cellulose or amylase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic element is made of palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frame is selected from the group of polyester, polyamide, polystyrene, polyolefin consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene, and copolymers. The bonding layer is selected from the group of silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin and bicomponent resins polymerized from polyester and urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the paste composition, a content of phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles is 6-8 mass%. The tin-containing particles comprise at least one of tin particles and tin alloy particles in which a content of tin is greater than or equal to 1 mass%. The glass particles have a glass softening point of less than or equal to 650 degrees C and a crystallization initiation temperature of more than 650 degrees C. The paste composition further comprises silver particles. In the paste composition, a content of the tin-containing particles in a total content of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and the tin-containing particles, which is defined as 100 mass%, is 5-70 mass%, a content of the silver particles in a total content of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, the tin-containing particles and the silver particles, which is defined as 100 mass%, is 0.1-10 mass%, a total content of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, the tin-containing particles and the silver particles in the paste composition is 70-94 mass%, a content of the glass particles in the paste composition is 0.1-10 mass%, and a total content of the solvent and the resin in the paste composition is 3-29.9 mass%. The electrode comprises a copper-tin alloy phase and a tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase. The tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase is positioned between the copper-tin alloy phase and the silicon substrate. EXAMPLE - Typical paste composition comprised of: glass particles (comprised of silicon dioxide, lead oxide, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide) (4.1 parts); phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles containing 7 mass% of phosphorus (39.9 parts); tin particles (41.5 parts); terpineol (14.1 parts); and ethyl cellulose (0.4 parts).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass particles have a glass softening point of 600 degrees C or lower and a crystallization starting temperature of higher than 600 degrees C. The glass particles are present at 0.5-10 mu m, in terms of a particle diameter when the cumulative mass is 50% (D50%). The content of the glass particles is 0.1-10 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further comprises silver particles. Preferred Components: The phosphorus containing copper alloy particles are present at 0.4-10 mu m, in terms of a particle diameter when the cumulative mass is 50% (D50%). The particle diameter of the glass particle (D50%) with respect to the particle diameter of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particle (D50%) is 0.05-100. The content of the silver particles is 5-65 mass%, with respect to a total content of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and the silver particles is 100 mass%, preferably 70-94 mass%. The total content of the solvent and the resin is 3-29.9 mass%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in parts) of: phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles (85.1); silicon dioxide (3); lead oxide (60); boron oxide (18); bismuth oxide (5); aluminum oxide (5); zinc oxide (9); and terpineol solution containing 3 mass% of ethyl cellulose (13.2 parts).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The petroleum derived distillate range stream is regular distillate, low sulfur distillate, hydroprocessed light cycle oil, hydrotreated straight run gas oil, ultra low sulfur distillate, and/or refinery processed middle distillate. The petroleum derived distillate range stream comprises 12-25C hydrocarbons per molecule. The bio-oil results from the thermochemical conversion of biomass in the presence of a catalyst. Preferred Method: The bio-distillate fraction is separated from a bio-oil, where at least 75 wt.% of the bio-distillate fraction has a boiling point of 180-380 degrees C, and bio-oil has not previously been subjected to an oxygen-removing hydro treatment step prior to separation of the bio-distillate fraction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The stabilizing additive comprises a material comprising a non-ionic block-copolymer having an hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) of at most eight, a non-ionic homopolymer having an HLB of at most eight, a mixture of a non-ionic block-copolymer and a non-ionic homopolymer having an average HLB of at most eight, a non-ionic surfactant having an average HLB of at most eight, and/or a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The HLB values of the non-ionic block-copolymer and/or the nonionic homopolymer, and the nonionic surfactant are at least two. The stabilizing additive is FAME. The renewable distillate composition comprises the biodistillate fraction of at least 2 wt.%, preferably 25 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): cyclics/aromatics (comprising benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) (0.46), other 1-ring aromatics (0.12), indanes/indenes (6.45), naphthalenes (53.07), 3-ring aromatics (2.60)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light-transmitting layer is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or glass. The insulating layers are made of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or an epoxy material. The protection layer is made of poly-vinyl fluoride (PVF), Tedlar (RTM: PVF)/Polyester/Tedlar (RTM: PVF) (TPT) or glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is sodium or potassium. Compound(s) of metallic element chosen from alkaline-earth metal, manganese and cobalt, are used as catalyst for transesterification process. Compound containing metallic element(s) chosen from antimony, titanium and germanium, is used as catalyst for polycondensation reaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The phosphoric acid alkali metal salt and phosphoric acid are added as mixed solution of alkylene glycol and pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 2-6. Higher aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and/or higher aliphatic monocarboxylic acid ester are dispersed with dispersion diameter of 10 mu m or less in cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction of chip containing polyester composition. Preferred Composition: The 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic acid ester compound is natural plant-derived wax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate. The content of carboxyl terminal groups in polyester composition is 20 equivalents/ton or less. Preferred Process: Polyester is melt-kneaded with 10-33C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and/or 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic acid ester. Preferred Property: The intrinsic viscosity of polyester composition is 0.55-1. The carboxyl group increase amount of polyester composition before and after treating the composition at 155 degrees C under relative humidity of 100%, is 50 equivalents/ton or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The self-supportive film has heating loss of 26-37 weight%, and satisfies the relation: ((W1-W2) /W1)x 100, where W1 is weight of self-supportive film before heating and W2 is weight of self-supportive film after heating solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide film has total light transmittance of 78% or more and thickness of 7-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The package material has particle size of 1 nm to 1 mm, and thickness of 0.1 nm to 100 mu m, and is formed by polymerizing a monomer, and crosslinking obtained polymer. Preferred Process: A surfactant is further added to the dispersion medium, to form emulsion. Another dispersion medium absorbed by the polymer is evaporated further during manufacture of ionic liquid inclusion particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of package material is 0.1 nm to 100 mu m. Thickness of polymeric membrane is 0.1-100 nm. Particle size is 1 nm to 1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Package material is formed by polymerizing monomer. Polymer obtained by polymerizing monomer is crosslinked. Package material is formed by crosslinking polymer. Surfactant is added to dispersion medium, and emulsion is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Both 1st and 2nd polymers have reactive functional groups. The 1st and 2nd polymers produce a reaction product by generating a crosslinking reaction through the reactive functional group. 1st package material or 2nd package material is formed by polymerizing a monomer and/or crosslinking polymers. Polymer obtained by polymerizing monomer is further crosslinked. Preferred Parameters: Particle size of the ionic liquid inclusion particles is 1 nm-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal foil layer is a layer which consists of annealed soft aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cladding material further has a molding-improvement layer which improves moldability is formed between the metal foil layer and the base material layer. The adhesive resin layer contains maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene. The sealant layer consists of polypropylene films. The outermost layer of the base material layer is a biaxially-stretched polyester film. The several biaxially stretched films are laminated using adhesive agent for dry laminates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sintered product of inorganic binding material is obtained by baking inorganic binding material chosen from kaolin, sericite, montmorillonite, bentonite clay, zeolite, diatomaceous earth particles, activated clay, silica, aluminum phosphate, silicone resin and silicone rubber with carbon powder. The carbon collector further contains titanium oxide, mica, talc, boron nitride, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, molybdenum sulfide and/or tungsten disulfide. The carbon powder is carbon black, graphite powder, or coke powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Active material of the negative electrode plate is lithium metal or lithium metal alloy such as lithium-aluminum, lithium-tin, lithium-nanocrystalline and lithium lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An active material of the positive electrode is manganese dioxide, thionyl chloride and graphite fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator is made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectric converting layer consists of thin film amorphous silicon. Transparent back surface electrode consists of indium tin oxide, stanum dioxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface glass substrate and back surface glass substrate consist of polyimides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing film contains 0.01-10 parts mass of hindered amine compound of formula (II) with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene vinyl acetate resin. The hindered amine compound is preferably of formula (III).R7=1-18C alkyl or 5-8C cycloalkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Particles of europium-doped aluminum oxide have average particle diameter of 20-23 mu m. Particles of europium-doped silicon oxide have average particle diameter of 20-25 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of particles of europium-doped aluminum oxide is 1.2-2.4 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of resin layer. The content of particles of europium-doped silicon oxide is 1.2-4.8 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, and/or zinc chloride. The aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, and/or aluminum chloride. The alkaline aqueous solution is aqueous ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The precipitation liquid further contains polyethyleneimine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer-containing film has particle size of 1 nm to 1 mm, and thickness of 0.1-100 nm. Preferred Process: Mixed solution (b) is cooled during formation of emulsion, and polymerization of monomer for ion gel. The mixed solution (b) is prepared as component containing surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Both the primary polymer and secondary polymer contains reactive functional group. The primary polymer and secondary polymer generates inclusion by performing crosslinking reaction through the reactive functional groups. At one of raw material is monomer which is polymerized in the inside of mixed solution (b) or mixed solution (d). The mixed solution (b) or mixed solution (d) contains surfactant. Preferred Property: The particle size of the ion gel particle of primary and secondary ion gel particle is 1 nm to 1 mm. Preferred Process: At least one of mixed solution (b) or mixed solution (d) is cooled by forming primary or secondary emulsions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (a) is manufactured by tubular method. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer further contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (b) having molecular weight distribution of more than 3. The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (a) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (b) is 99/1-60/40. Preferred Properties: The melt-flow rate of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 5-45 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g, measured based on ASTM D 1238. The melt-flow rate (MFR) and vinyl acetate content (Cva (in %mass)) in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer satisfies relation of formula: MFR=more than 0.748x Cva2-35.4x Cva+423.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert atmosphere is chosen from nitrogen, argon and helium. The substrate is transparent substrate chosen from glass, fused silica and quartz, metal substrate chosen from stainless steel substrate, aluminum substrate and nickel substrate, semiconductor substrate made of silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium alloy, II-VI group compound semiconductor, III-V group compound semiconductor and/or silicon-on-insulator, or polymer substrate. Preferred Property: The zinc sulfide material has bandgap energy of 3.66 eV or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from ethanol, ethanolamine, methoxyethanol, tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol. The zinc precursor is chosen from zinc acetate, zinc methacrylate, zinc acetlyacetonate, zinc chloride and zinc nitrate. The sulfur precursor is chosen from thiourea, thiol, thioether, thioacetamide and thiosulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron transport compound is an oxide semiconductor, preferably oxide of titanium or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photosensitization compound is organic pigment which does not contain a metal atom. The second electrode comprises gold, carbon, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid). The hole transporting compound is poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-poly(styrene sulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Heat insulating material is heat resistant polyimide resin or ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from a group consisting of polyester resin, epoxy resin, and vinylester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric resin is acryl-type polymer and/or thermosetting resin. The adhesive film is a thermosetting-type film. Preferred Process: The electroconductive particles are dispersed in the thermosetting resin composition. The conductive material is arranged on the surface of photovoltaic cell. The number of electroconductive particles is dispersed in the adhesive film in 1 cm2 (area of planar view) of connecting terminal hits is 10-1000000. The conductive material is bonded by thermo-compression at 150 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin A further contains 0.1-15 weight parts of silane compound of formula (R1-Si(R3)n-(OR2)3-n).R1=3-glycidoxy propyl group or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.Preferred Composition: The butane content of butene-ethylene copolymer is 0.5-10 wt.%. The total content of maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride modified olefin resin is 0.5-3 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The sealing material layer has thickness of 100-500 mu m and the protective layer has thickness of 20-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin B is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene ethylene copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin and tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic compound is silicon oxide. The back surface protection sheet further contains weather-resistance film (5) laminated on the outermost layer of gas-barrier film (II), and composite film layer laminated on vapor deposition layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite film layer contains hydroxyl-containing high molecular compound, metal alkoxide, silane coupling agent and/or hydrolyzate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The film base material contains polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The electroconductive porous base material is carbon paper, carbon cloth, or carbon nonwoven fabric.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: Water repellency is provided to the electroconductive porous base material by a fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric layer comprises an organic or organic-inorganic hybrid interfacial layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle has a diameter of 1-20 nm. The predetermined wavelength of the absorbed light is less than 500 nm, and the wavelength converting layer converts the absorbed light into the light with a wavelength greater than the absorbed light. The particle is made from a material having a band gap of greater than or equal to 2.48 eV, or made from inorganic material comprising zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, zinc-cadmium-selenide, zinc sulfide, and calcium sulfide, preferably zinc selenide-sulfide mixed crystal, mixed crystal of cadmium sulfide selenide, and a mixed crystal of zinc selenide-cadmium sulfide. The element as the light emission center is made from at least one manganese, europium, ytterbium, erbium, copper and terbium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least the protecting plate or the wavelength converting layer exhibits a side wall that inclines with respect to a surface of the solar cell. The solar cell module further comprises a reflecting film for reflecting light, where the reflecting film is arranged on the side wall of at least the protecting plate or the wavelength converting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solar cell is sealed with resin exhibiting transparency. The wavelength converting layer exhibits a light transmission rate of light having a wavelength of greater than or equal to 500 nm, where the light transmission rate is greater than or equal to 90%. The wavelength converting layer is made of a base material that is transparent resin or transparent glass. The transparent resin is ethylene-vinyl-acetate polymer or silicone resin. The wavelength converting layer is a transparent film, a transparent plate or a transparent coating film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The primary particles are selected from compound such as bismuth. The radical shaped secondary particles are selected from compound such as copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, lead, zinc, cobalt, titanium and magnesium. The interlayer is selected from compound such as tin lead silver bismuth, tin copper silver bismuth, tin copper bismuth and tin bismuth. The electrode portion is selected from silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Each transparent electrode layer comprises a conducting polymer. The thermoplastic resin of a first reflective layer comprises a fluoropolymer resin which comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. The thermoplastic resin of the second reflective layer comprises fluoropolymer resin which comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive resin layer is included with acid modification elastomer resin, acid-modified polyolefin-based resin and thermoplastic resin. The corrosion-prevention process layer is formed with corrosion-prevention processing agent containing trivalent chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus content of copper alloy particles is 6-8 %mass. The tin-containing particles are tin (alloy) particles having a tin content of 1 %mass or more. The content of tin-containing particles is 5-70 %mass with respect to a total of 100 %mass of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and tin-containing particles. The paste composition further includes silver particles (0.1-10 %mass). The total content of copper alloy particles, tin-containing particles, and silver particles is 70-94 %mass. The content of glass particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The glass particles have a softening point of 650 degrees C or less. The total content of solvent and resin is 3-29.9 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass particles have glass softening point of 650 degrees C or less, and onset crystallization temperature of more than 650 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus and tin in the phosphorus-tin-containing copper alloy particles is 2-15 %mass, and 5-30 %mass, respectively. The phosphorus-tin-containing copper alloy particles further contains metal atom(s) (0.1-10 %mass) chosen silver, manganese, and cobalt. The paste composition further contains silver particles (0.1-10 %mass), with respect to 100 %mass of the phosphorus-tin-containing copper alloy particles. The total content of phosphorus-tin-containing copper alloy particles and silver particles is 70-94 %mass. The content of the glass particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The total content of the solvent and resin is 3-29.9 %mass. The electrode in the solar cell element contains copper-tin alloy phase and tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The layer formed of polymer has Young's modulus of greater than or equal to 1.3 GPa according to a standard of ASTM D638. A polyethylene copolymer of polyolefin of the encapsulant consists of ethylene alpha olefin copolymer of which density is 0.865-0.9 according to a standard of ASTM D 1505, and a copolymer of ethylene-methacrylate and alkyl-anhydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The backsheet comprises fillers such as silica, alumina, calcium carbonates, carbon nanotubes, glass fibers, or modified or unmodified clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The backsheet comprises a layer formed of a polymer such as polyester and a layer formed of fluorinated polymer including difluoro vinylidene homopolymer or difluoro vinylidene copolymer and fluorinated monomer, and consists of polyethylene terephthalate ((C10H8O4)n).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin coating material contains fluoroolefin-type copolymer (A) having crosslinkable group, rheology control agent (B) and a solvent (C). The rheology control agent is fatty acid amide. The coating material further contains hardening agent capable of reacting with crosslinkable group of copolymer, and a pigment. The coating material has thixotropy index of preferably 2.5-6. Preferred Method: The protection coating film is covered on edge portion of inclined surface at interface of reflection layer and coating film. The edge portion is polished. The inclination angle of inclined surface is 30-80 degrees . The antirust coating film is formed on reflection layer using anticorrosion paint.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles further contains low-molecular weight compound having two or more hydroxyl groups, which is solid at normal temperature. The inorganic fine particles are metal powder, ceramic powder, glass powder, and/or fluorescent substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is 0.1-7.0 mol/ton. The phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is mixed with phosphorus compound and diol component, and is added as a solution or a slurry. The mixing ratio of phosphorus compound is 0.1-7.5 mole times with respect to phosphoric acid alkali metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of trifunctional copolymerization component is 0.01-1.0 mol% with respect to total acid component. 0.5-5 %Mass of ethylene glycol solution is added as trifunctional copolymerization component. Preferred Process: After the addition of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt and trifunctional copolymerization component, low quantity polyester material is filtered using a filter and polycondensation reaction is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The porous metal(s) or metalloid oxide comprises titania, silica, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, strontium oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and/or calcium oxide. The porous metal or metalloid oxide is a mesoporous layer. The light extraction layer comprises titania. The porous metal or metalloid oxide comprises metal(s) or metalloid oxide having a first refractive index and pores having a second refractive index and the difference between the first refractive index of the metal or metalloid oxide and the second refractive index of the pores is greater than or equal to 0.5 in the visible wavelength region. The light extraction layer comprises more than one porous metal or metalloid oxide layer and each layer of the porous metal or metalloid oxide layers has a gradient of refractives. The porous metal or metalloid oxide comprises a metal or metalloid oxide dopant. The transparent conducting material comprises doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, niobium-doped titanium dioxide, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or silver film or silver nanostructures. Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming layer(s) comprising an organic layer on the transparent conducting material, and forming an electrode layer on the layer. The light extraction layer is formed by solution processing, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, or vacuum thermal evaporation. The porous metal or metalloid oxide is formed from a sol gel solution comprising a surfactant template and/or a hard polymer template, where surfactant template comprises an amphiphilic tri-block copolymer comprising a poly(propylene oxide) segment capped by poly(ethylene oxide) segments on each end.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method enables manufacturing a secondary cell that comprises a partially permeable carrier coated with inorganic material such as oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates, aluminum, lithium and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier is coated with polymer and polyethylene terephthalate.
EXAMPLE - Sucrose (1 mole part) and Sunnix RP-410A (RTM: Polyol) (13 mole parts) and potassium hydroxide (10 parts) were added to reaction container. The mixture was heating at 130 degrees C. The mixture was dehydrated under reduced pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa at the same temperature for 1 hour. The mixture of ethylene oxide (220 parts, 5 mol.part)/ propylene oxide (290 parts, 5 mol.part) was dripped at 100-120 degree degrees C under reduced pressure for 2 hours. Subsequently, propylene oxide (2320 parts, 40 mol part) was dripped at 100-120 degrees C for 6 hours, kept at the same temperature for 4 hours. Ion-exchange water (85 parts) was added to the mixture at 90 degrees C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was dried at 120 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain a polyoxyalkylene compound. Metal-oxide-fine-particles i.e. LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (90 parts), carbonaceous particles (3 parts), binder (17 parts), terpolymer aqueous dispersion i.e. vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropene copolymer, sodium-salt aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose as thickener (17 parts), polyoxyalkylene compounds (2 parts) were put into a distribution container, and mixed and dispersed uniformly at 30 degrees C for 30 minutes, to obtain a microparticle dispersion for non-aqueous electrochemical elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrogenated elastomer derivative of photopolymerizable composition comprises hydrogenated polybutadiene and hydrogenated polyisoprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: A glass substrate (2) is laminated on the adhesion enhancing layer of the sealing material. The glass substrate and a solar cell element are closely adhered on the same surface of the adhesion enhancing layer of the sealing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell element is a thin film-type solar cell element (4). Preferred Process: A solar cell module is provided with the solar cell element, which is laminated on the adhesion enhancing layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of silane coupling agent, and a crosslinking agent in the sealing material composition is 0.1-10 %mass and 0.02-0.5 %mass, respectively. The amount of silane copolymer in the composition is 2000-15000 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyethylene-type resin is a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The article is a membrane comprising a porous support, and a crosslinked fluorinated polymer impregnated on the porous support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is melamine, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, bis(2-aminoethyl)amine, and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process further comprises (c) preparing a liquid composition comprising the fluorinated polymer and the crosslinking agent, and (d) applying the liquid composition onto a substrate, where the steps (c) and (d) are carried out before step (b). The liquid composition is applied onto an inert, non-porous, support in a film-forming layer which, after step (b), is removed from the support providing an article consisting of the crosslinked fluorinated polymer. The liquid composition is applied onto porous support. The step of formation of covalent bonds between at least on functional group X of crosslinking agent and the at least one functional group of sulfate compound in fluorinated polymer is promoted by heating. The formation of covalent bonds is promoted by heating at a temperature of at least 150 degrees C. Preferred Components: The amount of crosslinking agent is such that the total number of functional groups X is at least 0.1% and less than 20% of the total number of the functional groups of sulfate compound in fluorinated polymer. The fluorinated polymer contains less than 0.1% of functional groups of sulfate compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: sodium benzoate; and water, where the water is distilled water or deionized water. Preferred Components: In the composition, the polyvinyl alcohol, polylysine, and potassium or sodium sorbate are present in relative amounts of 52:4:43 parts by weight, respectively, where the relative amounts of polyvinyl alcohol, polylysine, and potassium or sodium sorbate are independently varied by as much as plus minus 2%, preferably as much as plus minus 7%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%) of: polyvinyl alcohol (12); polylysine (1); potassium sorbate (10); sodium benzoate (1); and water (76%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion containing transition metal oxide comprises manganese containing spinels or manganese containing transition metal oxides with layer structure. The manganese containing spinel is of formula (Lia(M1)bMn3-a-bO4-d) (I). The manganese containing transition metal oxide with layer structure is of formula (Li1+t(M2)1-tO2) (II). The anode is made of carbon, tin or silicon. The ion exchanger in particulate form comprises molecular sieves, zeolites or lithium containing molecular sieves.a = 0.9-1.3;b = 0-0.6;d = 0.1-0.4;M1, M2 = Al, Mg, Ca, Na, B, Mo, W or transition metal of first period of periodic table, where the transition metal is Mn; andt = 0-0.3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The layer (c) exhibits a thickness of 0.1-250 mu m, and an average thickness of 9-50 mu m. The layer (c) is a separator. The layer (c) additionally comprises (iii) a nonwoven fabric. The layer (c) covers the cathode, separator or the anode on at least one side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose or fluorine containing (co)polymers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (in %mass): phosphorus containing copper alloy particle and silver particle (70-94), glass particle (0.1-10), solvent and resin (3-29.9), and further comprises silver particle (5-65 %mass) when the total amount of the phosphorus containing copper alloy particle and the silver particle is 100 %mass. Preferred Components: The glass particle has glass softening point of 600 degrees C or less, and crystallization start temperature of more than 600 degrees C. The particle diameter (D50) of the phosphorus containing copper alloy particle is 0.4-10 mu m, and particle diameter (D50) of the glass particle is 0.5-10 mu m. The ratio of the particle diameter (D50) of the glass particle to the particle diameter (D50) of the phosphorus containing copper alloy particle is 0.05-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ligand is 5, 8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid or 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, preferably 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid. The content of ligand additive is 2 weight% or more, preferably 2-5 weight%, with respect to the content of proton conducting ionomer. The ligand is portion of complex comprising metal and ligand. The proton conducting ionomer is perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer or hydrocarbon ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The distillation is carried out in presence of a surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reaction liquid obtained after step (c) comprises (parts mass): organic solvent (500 or less) and water (100 or more). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is a benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber, preferably 2-(3-(2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 2-methylacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Monomer: The polyfunctional acryl monomer has an active energy ray reactive unsaturated group. The base material is a resin base material. The resin material contains polyfunctional acryl monomer. The silicone resin is polyfunctional acrylate and/or polyfunctional methacrylate. The resin material contains crosslinked polyorganosiloxane chain. The hard coat layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, an organic-type antioxidant, a polyorganosiloxane and a radical group initiator which absorbs wavelength. The mirror has an ultraviolet absorption layer and a gas barrier layer in between the silver reflection layers from the hard-coat layer, and a corrosion-prevention layer in the light-incidence side from the silver reflection layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester polyol contains 60 mol% or more of isophthalic acid and/or ortho-phthalic acid with respect to the total acid component in the polyester polyol. The polyester polyol contains 5C or more aliphatic glycol. The polyester polyol has glass transition temperature of -20 degrees C to 20 degrees C and number average molecular weight of 5000-40000. The polyisocyanate compound is hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate, or their adducts, isocyanurate component or biuret component. The compounding ratio of polyester polyol and polyisocyanate compound are 1-20 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polyester polyol and polyisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The increase of the ratio of absorption intensity after heating the film at 120 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 105 hours is 0.01-0.07. The film has density of 1.38-1.40 g/cm3, restraint amorphous quantity of 15-45 wt.% and the amount of increase in density after heating the film at 120 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 105 hours is 0.001-0.01 g/cm3. The film has intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-0.9 dL/g terminal carboxyl group concentration of 5-20 equivalent/ton, tensile strength of 220-280 MPa and breaking strength of 100-190 g, water vapor transmission rate at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity per 85 mu m thickness is less than 6 g/m2.day, peak temperature of 100-115 degrees C in the waveform which shows the viscous term with respect to the temperature obtained by dynamic-viscoelasticity measurement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device is provided with a housing that is made of polymers, bio-polymers, recycled polymers, paper, paperboard, metal or wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The insulation substrate is made of low-temperature co-fired ceramics and high-temperature co-fired ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal coating layer is made of copper. The sealing structure comprises a welding metal portion made of alloy of tin-silver-copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation substrate is made of synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate, the side walls, a top end and a bottom end are made up of polystyrene foam and weather resistant plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method enables utilizing a monovalent organic group selected from a group consisting of alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, mercapto group, amino group and amide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The effective absorbing zone is made of heat stabilized polymer such as polypropylene, polyolefin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyethersulfone (PES) plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mat utilizes a frame made of plastic material selected from a group consisting of polypropylene and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The milled housing is made from plastic. The holder head is made from acrylic polymethyl-methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is an air-permeable planar substrate made from microporous material including microporous plastic. The binder particle is selected from one of hydrophobic plastic, fluoropolymer and PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (B) is a polyol. The polycomponent composition is free of thermally activatable propellant. The obtained application preparation: is free of solid particles; and comprises at least one filler and/or thixotropic agent and/or drying agent with an average particle size of less than 150 nm;    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The latent curing agent at the application temperature is dissolved in liquid form or in the formulation. In the preparation of the fiber composite material, the mold is evacuated before and/or during the introduction of the application preparation. The step (b) takes place by applying a vacuum or pressure. The preparation of precured fiber composite material comprises introducing the fibers in the mold and filling the mole with the polycomponent composition and precuring the system for 0.01 seconds to 24 hours at 5-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: At least one individual cell frame is connected with the end plate by at least one interlocking connection. The interlocking connection is formed by a snap connection. The interlocking connection is formed by a first interlocking element at the individual cell frame and a reciprocally shaped second interlocking element on the adjacent individual cell frame or on the adjacent end plate. The two interlocking elements, which are arranged at different longitudinal sides of the individual frames, are arranged in rotationally symmetrical manner with respect to a vertical axis of the individual cell frame. The first and second interlocking elements are arranged alternately on the individual cell frames so that the first and the second interlocking elements are respectively present in a consecutive manner in the circumferential direction of the individual cell frame. At least two adjacent individual cells frames are laser welded with one another. At least one individual cells frame is formed by a plastic injection molded part. At least one seal is arranged between two adjacent individual cell frames.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer contains a copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The shape of corrugation (A) is wave-like shape. The shape of corrugation (B) is polygon cone shape. Preferred Composition: The ratio of number of titanium atom contained in the transparent conductive film is 2-10% with respect to total amount of metal atoms. The transparent conductive substrate contains low-valence titanium oxide chosen from titanium oxide (TiO) and titanium oxide (Ti2O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent substrate is glass substrate or resin substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive is 0.15-20 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of organic solvent. The electrolyte further comprises nanoparticle filler comprising nano-inorganic oxide chosen from at least one of titania, silica, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin-oxide, barium titanate, niobate, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, strontium-titanate, yttria, holmium oxide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide and alumina. The content of nanoparticle filler is 0.2-40 parts weight with respect to on 100 parts weight of organic solvent. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of nanoparticle filler is 5-400 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear carbon chain comprises hetero atom, arylene group and/or heteroarylene group. The additive is 1,6-dibromohexane, sodium dodecyl sulfate and/or polyoxyethylene-Q-t-octylphenylether. The organic solvent is 3-methoxy propionitrile, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, valeronitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide and/or dimethylacetamide. The additive comprises ionic or nonionic neutral functional group(s) chosen from fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, nitrate ion, cyanide ion, hydroxide ion, sulfate ion, thiol group, aldehyde group, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate, trifluoromethyl acetate, hexafluoroethyl acetate, perfluorobutyrate, perchlorate anion, p-toluenesulfonate anion (-(p-CH3C6H4SO3)-), trifluoromethyl sulfate (-(SO3CF3)-), and hypophosphite anion. Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 140 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electroactive polymer comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane, which is obtained from the reaction of a linear, difunctional and hydroxyl-terminated polyol having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500-6000 g/mole, a diol chain extender having a number average molecular weight of 60-00 g/mole and organic diisocyanates, where the molar ratio of nitro carbon monoxide groups in organic diisocyanates to hydroxyl groups is 0.9:1 to 1.1:1. The polyol comprises 1,2-polypropylene glycol polyether, 1,4-butanediol-polyetherand/or polyester polyols with 1,4-butanediol as alcohol component. The diol chain extender comprises 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and/or bis-2-hydroxy-ethoxy-hydroquinone. The organic polyisocyanate comprises 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4 ,4-diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate. The thermoplastic polyurethane has a breakdown field strength of 20-400 V/Pm, an electrical volume resistivity of 1012 to 1018 Ohm cm and a modulus of elasticity at 50% elongation of 2-40 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bottom adhering surface of the pressing block suit is made of a metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is a two-component epoxy resin or polyurethane resin or two-component acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen storage material includes a metal hydride selected from the group consisting of lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) hydride, iron-titanium (FeTi) hydride and lanthanide-nickel (MmNi5, where Mm is mixture of lanthanides) hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermally conductive material comprises copper, aluminum or brass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flexible substrate is a polyethylene naphthalene substrate, polyethylene terephthalate substrate or polyimide substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: A transparent conductive layer is formed between layer (B) surface or polymeric base material, and layer (A). Preferred Composition: The layer (B) comprises layer (B1) containing coexistence phase of zinc oxide, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, and layer (B2) containing coexistence phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide. The layer (B1) comprises (in atomic%) zinc (20-40), silicon (5-20), aluminum (0.5-5) and oxygen (35-70), measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrochemical analysis. The molar fraction of zinc sulfide with respect to total content of silicon dioxide and zinc sulfide in layer (B2) is 0.7-0.9. The transparent conductive layer contains indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-containing zinc oxide, gallium-containing zinc oxide, metal nanowire or carbon nanotubes. Preferred Property: The average surface roughness of layer (A) and layer (B) is 1 nm or less and 1.5 nm or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is titanium oxide, scandium oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lanthanum oxide, tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide and/or aluminum oxide. The electrolyte contains iodine, metal iodide and/or organic iodide, bromine, metal bromide and/or organic bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The dye in the solar cell is ruthenium type dye, xanthene dye, cyanine dye, porphyrin based dye and/or anthraquinone dye. The solar cell contains interactive adsorbent chosen from formulae: H2C=C(-R1)(CH2)n-A, H2C=C(-R1)OC(=O)(CH2)n-A, H2C=C(-R1)OB'(CH2)n-A, H2N(CH2)n-A, and groups of formulae (I), (II), preferably but-3-enoic acid, pent-4-enoic acid, hex-4-enoic acid, hept-4-enoic acid, malonic acid mono vinylester, heptanes dioic acid mono vinylester, 4-iodo-hex-5-enoic acid, acrylic acid carboxymethyl ester, 6-acryloylamino-hexanoic acid, 9-acryloyl amino nonanoic acid, 6-(2-methyl-acryloylamino)hexanoic acid, 6-(2-methyl-acryloylamino)nonanoic acid, 14-acryloyloxy-tetradecanoic acid, 14-(2-methacryloyl oxy tetradecanoic acid), 4-(4-vinylphenyl)butyric acid, 4-(4-vinylphenoxy)hexanoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid or 8-amino octanoic acid.R1=H or 1-10C alkyl;n=1-40;B'=C, N, O, Si, P, carboxylic acid, acyl halide, alkoxy silyl, silyl halide or P;m=0 or 1-10;andD'=C, N, O, Si or P.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ionically-conductive glass-ceramic is chosen from chalcogenide glass-ceramics, fluoride glass-ceramics, oxide glass-ceramics, phosphate glass-ceramic and sulfide glass-ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The redox active additive is redox active oxide, redox active oxynitride and/or redox active metal, preferably molybdenum oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, platinum, vanadium oxide, manganese oxide and/or lithium-titanate. The redox active metal is gold, platinum, palladium, tin, aluminum, iron, antimony, copper-tin alloy, copper-antimony alloy, and/or silicon. The redox active oxide is chosen from antimony oxide, barium oxide, bismuth oxide, boron oxide, calcium oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, germanium oxide, indium oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium oxide, lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphorus oxide, iron phosphorus oxide, phosphorus oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, silver oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionically-conductive polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF-hexafluoropropylene (HFP), PVDF-tetrafluoroethylene, PVDF-chlorotrifluoroethylene, PVDF-trifluoroethylene, silver-ion conducting polymers, hydrogen-ion conducting polymer, hydroxide-ion conducting polymer, lithium-ion conducting polymer, magnesium-ion conducting polymers, sodium-ion conducting polymers and/or oxide-ion conducting polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate is made of plastic such as polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt containing zinc(II) ions is zinc chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an aprotic solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran. The reducing agent is sodium naphthalenide. The monomer exhibits two different groups B1 and two different halogens (group X).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer is controlled by monomer-to-initiator ratio. The average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer is adjusted to 2000-200000 g/mole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diluting agent is selected from two or more mixer of butyl carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate, petroleum ether, stearic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, oleic acid and cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The welding belts are coated with black colored tin-containing alloy material, dark grey colored tin-cobalt alloy material or dark grey colored tin-nickel alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The battery component is provided with a frame that is provided with a toughened glass part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises mixture of polyester resin, and 0.01-1 %mass of spherical particles. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has ratio (X/Y) of thermal relaxation rate (X) and thermal relaxation rate (Y) of 0.8-1.25, and product (XY) of thermal relaxation rate (X) and thermal relaxation rate (Y) of 25-70. The polyester resin has average particle diameter of 0.03-0.3 mu m. The polyester film has ratio of length and breadth of 1-3. The polyester film has degree of plane orientation coefficients of 0.14-0.18. The polyester film has ratio of light-absorbency (Ic) in 1043 cm-1 and light-absorbency (Ia) in 1069 cm-1 of 1.2-2.5, based on infrared absorption spectrum. The polyester film has molecular orientation degree of 1-1.15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The microprobes penetrate through the microfluidic device, and are inserted into multiple single cells captured by the microchannel portion when the microfluidic device and the microprobe-array device are coupled together. The microprobes are separated from the single cells when the microfluidic device and the microprobe-array device are separated from each other. The microfluidic device comprises transparent or semitransparent portion for penetrating light for cell metabolism, and an underlayer consisting of fine material, preferably silicone resin. The fuel cell further comprises an insulating layer which protects exposed portion of the microprobe within the cell not to leak out from intracellular filling liquid to the cathode when the extracted electrons is transferred to the external circuit. The microprobe array device further comprises a stepped pulley unit. The electron receptor is oxygen which is produced in metabolism process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinkable ion conductor is low-molecular weight ion conductor having weight-average molecular weight of 1000-50000 g/mol. The crosslinkable ion conductor is of formula: Z1((O-X)a-(O-SAr1)b-(O-Ar1)c-(O-Ar2)d)n-O-Z2 (I). The cross-linked ion conductor is chosen from cross-linked sulfonated polyimide, cross-linked sulfonation polyarylethersulfone, cross-linked sulfonation polyether-ether-ketone, cross-linked sulfonation polybenzimidazole, cross-linked sulfonated polysulfone, cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene and/or cross-linked sulfonation polyphosphazene. The porous nano web supporter includes nylon, polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly tetrafluoro ethylene, polyarylene ether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone and/or its copolymer.SAr1=divalent sulfonated aryl, preferably group of formulae (i)-(iv);Ar1,Ar2=divalent aryl, preferably group of formulae (v)-(vi);X=crosslinked divalent aryl of formulae (vii)-(viii);Z1,Z2=cross-linked aryl or monovalent substituent, preferably group of formulae (ix)-(xi);B1-B3=halo, 1-5C alkyl or 1-5C perfluoroalkyl;a,c,d=0-0.999;b=0.001-1;n=10-500;M+=ion paired with monovalent cation;e1=0 or 1;f1=1-3;e2=0 or 3;f2=1-3;e3=0 or 4;f3=1-4;g1-g3=0-4;andh1-h6=0-4.Preferred Properties: The average diameter and porosity of porous nano web supporter is 0.005-5 mu m and 50-98%, respectively. The average diameter of the pore is 0.05-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: A base layer containing inorganic oxide fine particles is provided on the surface of the polyester film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The easily bonding layer contains silane coupling agent of formula: R1Si(OR2)3 (I).R1=organic group containing functional group;andR2=-CH3, -C2H5 or C2H4OCH3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The film has surface roughness of 0.05-7.0 mu m, terminal carboxyl group concentration of 15 equivalent/ton or less, endothermic peak temperature (Tmeta in degrees C) of 220 degrees C or less calculated by differential scanning calorimetry, average elongation retention after leaving-to-stand at 125 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 72 hours is 10% or more. Preferred Composition: The film has fluorine-containing resin layer (4) and adhesive resin layer (5) or easily bonding layer (6), having surface roughness of 0.05-7.0 mu m. The layer (6) contains polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin or polyacryl resin. The layer (5) contains polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyolefin resin, polyolefin copolymer resin or acrylic resin. The layer (4) contains tetrafluoroethylene ethylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin or polyvinylidene-fluoride resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic electrolyte is chosen from citric acid, isocitric acid and lactic acid. The content of organic electrolyte is 0.1-100 mmol (preferably 0.1-10 mmol) with respect to 1 g of fluoropolymer. The content of fluorine-containing anionic surfactant is 0.001-2000 ppm (preferably 0.001-50 ppm) with respect to solid content of fluoropolymer. The content of fluorine-free surfactant is 0.1-30 %mass with respect to solid content of fluoropolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid content of fluoropolymer is 35-75 %mass. The fluoropolymer is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Preferred Property: The difference in pH of fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion liquid set to 8 or more and pH of liquid after allowing to standstill at 30 degrees C for 30 days is 1.5 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The first inorganic thin film layer contains a compound comprising 3d transition metal, aluminum oxide, oxygen, and/or nitrogen, or silicon compound containing oxygen and/or nitrogen, or aluminum oxide. The thickness of first inorganic thin film layer is 0.1-500 nm, preferably 0.1-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent consists only of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-sulfonic-acid type organic compound is boro-subsalicylate (salt). The non-sulfonic-acid type organic compound is a sulfonylimide acid of formula: F-(-CF2-)m-S(=O)2-NH-S(=O)2-(-CF2-)n-F or of formula (I), and/or its salt, preferably bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide acid salt.m,n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.The monomer is 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. The polymerization liquid further comprises stabilizer(s) chosen from nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The conductive polymer layer has a density of 1.6-1.8 g/cm3 and a thickness of 1-2000 nm. Preferred Condition: The polymerization liquid is obtained by dispersing the monomer as oil drop by irradiating ultrasonic waves to a liquid containing the monomer in a quantity exceeding saturation dissolution amount.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The non-sulfonic-acid-based organic compound is boro-subsalicylate and/or its salt, or sulfonylimide acid of formula: F(C(-F)2)m-S(=O)2-NH+-S(=O)2-(C(-F)2)nF or of formula (I).m,n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.Preferred Conditions: The ultrasonic wave used during preparation of emulsion dispersion liquid has frequency of 15-200 kHz and output of 4 W/cm2 or more, and irradiated for 2-10 minutes. The ultraviolet wave used during preparation of transparent dispersion liquid has frequency of 1-4 MHz and output of 5 W/cm2 or more, and irradiated for 2-10 minutes.
Preferred Definitions:    M=metal belonging to 13 group of periodic table or lanthanoid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The buffer layer consists of an anode buffer layer (3) and a cathode buffer layer (5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The truxene-skeleton-containing compound is of formula (I).R1-R18=H, or 1-30C aliphatic hydrocarbyl 1-30C alkoxy, aryl, phosphine group, phosphine oxide group, or phosphine sulfide group (all optionally substituted).The active layer contains a phthalocyanine compound of formula (II) or a metal phthalocyanine compound of formula (III) as electron donor. Compound (II) or (III) is obtained by heat-conversion from the respective soluble precursor of formula (IV) or (V).Z1a,Z1b,Z2a,Z2b,Z3a,Z3b,Z4a,Z4b,R21-R24=H, halo, hydroxy, or monovalent organic group;Z1a+Z1b,Z2a+Z2b,Z3a+Z3b,Z4a+Z4b=ring;M=bivalent metal atom, or trivalent or higher metal boned with other atom;andY'1-Y'4=monovalent atom or atom group.The active layer contains fullerene (derivative) as electron acceptor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The active layer contains a conjugated polymer compound as an electron donor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardenable acrylic component contains methyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic-type radically polymerizable monomer of formula: CH2=CR1COO(R2O)nR3, and acryl-type polymerizable monomer is of formula: CH2=CHCOOCnH2n'+1.R1=H or CH3;R2=C2H4, C3H6, or C4H8;R3=alkyl;n=2 or more;andn'=4-18.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hardenable acrylic component contains (meth)acrylic-type polymer. The (meth)acrylic-type polymer contains methyl methacrylate unit and (meth)acrylic-type monomeric unit other than methyl methacrylate unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silane coupling agent is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of propylene-type thermoplastic elastomer, unmodified propylene-type thermoplastic resin and hydrogenated terpene resin. The content of organic peroxide and silane coupling agent is 1 part mass and 0.02-3 parts mass, respectively. The content of the nucleating agent is 0.05-0.7 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of propylene-type thermoplastic elastomer, modified propylene-type thermoplastic resin and hydrogenated terpene resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further contains organic peroxide. The content of hydrogenated terpene resin is 5-60 %mass with respect to 100 %mass of content of propylene-type thermoplastic elastomer, modified propylene-type thermoplastic resin and hydrogenated terpene resin. Preferred Property: The total light transmittance of sealing material is 90% or more, which is measured using JIS K 7361-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate film contains nickel-titanate crystal phase, and nickel oxide crystal phase. The molar ratio of nickel and titanium contained in the intermediate film is 62:38-95:5. The primary electrode contains ceria-doped samarium, nickel-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia containing nickel and/or Scandia-stabilized zirconia containing nickel and gadolinium. The interconnector has portion containing silver-palladium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyimide precursor solution is obtained by polymerizing a polyamic acid with tetracarboxylic-acid component containing 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and diamine component containing p-phenylenediamine. Preferred Composition: The polyimide film has volatile component content of 0.1 %mass or less, after heating at 450 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Properties: The width of manufactured polyimide film is 200 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The thermal storage raw material is phase-change type thermal storage raw material, where the phase change temperature is 40-110 degrees C. The phase-change type thermal storage material is filled into resin or metal wrapping material. The high temperature fermenter comprises microcapsule comprising phase-change type thermal storage material as thermal storage raw material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus atoms in the polyester film base material is 200 ppm or more, calculated by fluorescence-X-rays measurement. The coating liquid used in the manufacture of solar cell backsheet contains 50 %mass or more of solvent. The solvent is water. The solar cell module comprises transparent front substrate, in which sunlight is injected, solar cell element, and cell-structure portion having sealing material, which seals the solar cell element. Preferred Process: The polyester film base material is surface treated by flame treatment and atmospheric pressure plasma processing using the flame which introducing the silane compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total number of carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the structural component (p) is 3 or more. The polymer layer contains reflection layer having light reflectivity, and white-colored pigment. The solar cell backsheet further contains 0.1-5 mol/ton of buffering agent, and 0.1-5 %mass of carbodiimide compound, which is terminal blocker, with respect to the total content of polyester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film base material contains polyester having structural component (p), dicarboxylic acid structural component and diol structural component. The content of structural component (p) is 0.005-2.5 mol%, with respect to the total structural components in the polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid filler includes silicon gel, silicon rubber, epoxy resin and polyurethane resin. The solid filler includes thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The spring thimble connector is made of copper. The hollow magnet rod is rubidium iron boron permanent magnet rod.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Thiophene compound of formula (III), thiophene compound of formula (IV) and tin-containing compound of formula (V) are reacted at 80-120 degrees C for 12-24 hours in the presence of phenyl phosphine palladium catalyst to obtain conjugated polymer.R=1-18C alkyl;andp,q=1-18.Preferred Polymer: The conjugated polymer (I) is of formula (II). Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=group of formula (a)-(l);    k=0-16;and    Ar1,Ar2=benzene, thiophene, naphthalene, anthracene, triphenylamine, phenothiazine, pyrrole, thiazole, pyridine, bipyridine, quinoline, furan, biphenyl, thieno(3,2-b)-thiophene, thieno(3,4-b) thiophene, thieno(2,3-b)thiophene, dithieno(3,2-b:2,3-d) thiophene, carbazole, ketole, 4H-cyclopropyl(2,1-b:3,4-b)thiophene, 4,8-alkoxy benzene(1,2-b:4,5-b)thiophene, 4,4-alkyl thieno(3,2-b:2,3-d)thiophene, or benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b)dithiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride, benzene or xylene. The concentration of silica in anhydrous organic solvent is 5-50 mg/ml. Preferred Compound: The polyolefin is polyethylene. Preferred Definitions:    m=51-72;    n=48-77;    A= methacrylic acid ethyl cinnamate or methacrylonitrile acyloxy propyl trimethoxy silane;and    B'=methyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), palladium(II) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II). The organophosphorus ligand is tricycle hexyl phosphine or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The solvent is benzene, methylbenzene, glycol dimethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Property: The mole ratio of the 5,15-dibromo-10,20-alkyl carbazole porphyrin compound to the bitributyl tin-quinoxaline compound is 1:1.5-1.5:1. The reaction temperature for the Stille coupling reaction is 50-130 degrees C. The reaction time lasts for 12-72 hours. The mole ratio of the organic palladium to the organophosphorus ligand is 1:2-1:20. The mole amount of the catalyst is 0.0530% of the mole amount of the bitributyl tin-quinoxaline compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Battery composition contains binder resin and/or positive electrode active material. Preferred Definitions:    X2, X3, X7, X8=H;    X1=formula -N(X4)(X5) (2);    X4, X5=Me, Et, or propyl group optionally substituted by -SO3Y5, -COOY6, or -OY8;    X6=formula -CH(COCH3)CONHX9 (4); and    X9=aryl group optionally substituted by -SO3Y17, -COOY18, or -OY20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent nanostructure electrode is formed using zinc oxides which added indium oxide which added tin, tin oxide which added antimony oxide and fluorine, aluminum, and gallium. The hole blocking layer is made using zinc oxide or titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The holder is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorbing layer comprises carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer which can dissolve in the solvent is copolymer of acrylic ester and/or methacrylic ester, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorinated vinylidene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer or fluorinated vinylidene hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elongated support bodies are molded from plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin is chosen from polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terepthalate, polyphenylenesulfide, polypropylene, aramid, polyamideimide, polyimide, aromatic polyimide, polyether imide, polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ethylene tetrafloroethylene and polyvinylchloride. The encapsulating material contains ethylene vinyl actetate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl acetal type resin film has recessed portion with elevation difference of 20 mu m or more which embossed or continued on the surface of film. Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal-type resin film further contains 1-1000 ppm of metal organic acid salt more than bivalence in conversion of metal atom with respect to polyvinyl acetal-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water vapor barrier materials consist of silicon dioxide (SIO) and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optically transparent material layer consist of polymeric material such as polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material which operates with electric potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to lithium. At least one portion of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure, and at least one portion of the silicon is dispersed in the silicon oxide. The positive electrode active material is lithium metal complex oxide of formula: Lia(MxMn2-x-yY'y)(O4-wZw) (V), LiM'PO4 (VI), Li(M"y'Mnz')O2 (VII) or Li(Lix'M"y"Mnz")O2 (VIII), preferably of formula (V).x=0.4-1.2;y=0 or less;x+y=less than 2;a=0-1.2;w=0-1;M=Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, or Cu;Y'=Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Si, K or Ca;Z=F or Cl;M'=Co or Ni;y'=0.1-0.5;z'=0.7-0.33;M"=Li, Co or Ni;x'=0.3-0.1 (excluding 0.3);y"=0.1-0.4;andz"=0.7-0.33.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further contains a supporting electrolyte and a nonaqueous solvent containing linear fluorinated ester compound, linear fluorinated ether compound and carbonate compound. The content of compound (I), compound (II) and carbonate compound contained in the nonaqueous solvent is 1-15 volume%, 10-45 volume% and 30-89 volume%, respectively. The linear fluorinated ester compound is of formula: F(CZ1Z2)nCOO(CZ3Z4)mCH3 (III). The linear fluorinated ether compound is of formula: X1-(CX2X3)n'-CH2O-(CX4X5)m'-X6 (IV).m,n=1-4;Z1-Z4,X1-X6=fluoro or H, in which at least 1 of Z1-Z2, at least 1 of X1-X3 and at least one of X4-X6 is fluoro;n'=1-8;andm'=2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material further contains a binder including polyimide or polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic photoelectric conversion element further comprises a functional layer. The functional layer is formed using coating liquid containing electron transport material on the active layer. The electron transport material contains particulate-form zinc oxide, complex alkali metal, complex salt of alkali metal, hydroxide of alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, hydroxide of alkaline-earth metal and/or salt of alkaline-earth metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The active layer contains fullerene and/or its derivative, and conjugated polymer compound. Preferred Composition: The cathode contains nanowire, nanoparticles or nanotube of electroconductive substance, polythiophene and/or its derivatives, or polyaniline and/or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fastening element is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine. The organic palladium comprises tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride. The organic phosphine is aldrich-tri(o-tolyl) phosphine. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, chlorobenzene or toluene. Preferred Composition: The dosage of the catalyst is 0.05-50% of the compound (II). The molar ratio of the organic palladium and the organic phosphine is 1: 2-20. Preferred Process: The method further enables dropping the mixing liquid, processing the stille reaction for the liquid. The liquid is filtered, cleaned by methanol and dried. The liquid is dissolved by chlorobenzene. Water solution is added to sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and the liquid, heated at 80-100 degrees C, stirred and made to stay overnight. Organic phase of the obtained content is made to pass through aluminum oxide column chromatography. The content is cleaned and decompressed. Organic solvent is removed from the content by chloroform, and the methanol is deposited. The content is filtered and processed by soxhlet extraction using acetone. The content is deposited and filtered by the methanol. The content is extracted and made to stay overnight through a vacuum pump to obtain conjugated polymer solid containing benzoxazole bithiophene-naphthyl diphenylphosphinic acid 2-phenylbenzimidazole-1-yl ester compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nanoparticles comprise nanozirconium oxide, nanoaluminum sesquioxide, nanosilicon oxide, nanolanthanum-lithium titanate, nanotitanium-aluminum-lithium phosphate, nanobarium titanate, nanocalcium silicate, nanolead titanate, nanomagnesium oxide, nanotitanium dioxide, nanocerium oxide, nanolithium tantalate, nanolithium nitride, nanolithium metaaluminate, nanosilver-lithium iodide, nanomagnesium-lithium silicate, nanomontmorillonite, rectorite, silicon dioxide nanowire, titanium-aluminum lithium phosphate nanowire, lanthanum-lithium titanate nanowire, zirconium oxide nanowire, calcium carbonate nanowire, aluminum sesquioxide nanowire, titanium dioxide nanowire and zinc oxide nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The dibasic organic acid anhydride comprises pyromellitic anhydride, biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ketone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, chlorobiphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bisphenol A diether dianhydride or isopropyl diphenyl anhydride. The organic diamine comprises 4,4'-diamino diphenyl ether, 3,4'-diamino diphenyl ether, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 3,3'-diphenyl sulfone diamine, 4,4'-diphenyl sulfone diamine, isopropyl diphenylamine, benzidine or 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane. The solvent comprises N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, m-cresol or dimethylsulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polyimide is a compound of formula (I).A1=one or more of 9 aryl groups, e.g. a group of formula (A)-(C);A2=one or more of 10 groups, e.g. a group of formula (D)-(F);andn=50-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material includes one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), super absorbent polymer (SAP) and super desiccant polymer (SDP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin has melting point of 70-200 degrees C. The fire extinguishing composition comprises fluorinated ketone compound or solid monobasic ammonium phosphate. The fluorinated ketone compound has boiling point of 80-100 degrees C. The cell wall is sphere type cell wall or tube type cell wall. The cell wall has diameter of less than 4 mu m. The fire extinguishing composition comprises pentane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl) and acrylonitrile. The microcapsule is present in at least one of an anode, cathode, separator, and electrolyte to fabricate the lithium secondary battery. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate film contains a perovskite-type oxide of formula: AB'O3 or perovskite-type titanium oxide containing strontium, calcium or barium of formula (D1-xEx)z(Ti1-yGy)O3, preferably (Sr1-xCax)z(Ti1-yNby)O3, where A is calcium, strontium, barium, lanthanum or ytrrium, B' is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, ruthenium, palladium or rhenium, D is strontium, calcium or barium, E is rare-earth elements, G is niobium or tantalum, x=0-1, preferably 0.5-0.9, y is 0-0.5, preferably 0-0.3 and z is 0.66-1.5, preferably 0.66-0.9. The intermediate film contains n-type semiconductors. The electrode (A) contains yttrium-oxide stabilized zirconia containing nickel oxide and nickel, calcium oxide stabilized zirconia containing nickel, scandium-oxide stabilized zirconia containing nickel, tantalum oxide containing cerium-oxide stabilized zirconia containing nickel, titanium oxide containing nickel, alumina containing nickel, magnesia containing nickel, and yttria containing nickel, niobium oxide containing nickel. The interconnector has a portion containing silver or silver-palladium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film has structural component (p) containing carboxylic acid groups (a) and hydroxyl groups (b). The ratio of number of carboxylic acid groups and number of hydroxyl groups in structural component (p) is 3 or more. The total amount of number of carboxylic acid groups and number of hydroxyl groups in structural component (p) is 0.005-2.5 mol%. The polyester film further contains 0.1-5 mol/ton of buffering agent, and 0.1-5 wt.% of terminal blocker. The content of phosphorus atom contained in the polyester film, calculated by fluorescence-X-ray measurement is 200 ppm or more. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has thermal contraction rate, when heated at 150 degrees C in longitudinal direction and direct direction of film for 30 minutes, is 1% or less, heat shrink distribution of 1-20%, intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-1.2 dl/g and width is 0.5 m or more. The laminated film has surface specific-resistance of 106 Omega /(square) to 1014 Omega /(square). Preferred Process: The temperature of the cast roll is 0.2-10 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organometallic coordination compound is 0.1-7 %mass with respect to total amount of crosslinking-type base resin and polyisocyanate compound. The ratio (R) of isocyanate group of polyisocyanate compound and hydroxyl group of crosslinking-type base resin is 0.3-10. The ratio (R) is 0.3-5 when color pigment is not contained in easily bonding layer. The ratio (R) is 0.5-10 when color pigment is contained in easily bonding layer. The easily bonding layer contains 35 %mass or less of inorganic filler other than color pigment, and silane coupling agent. The filler is hydrophobic silica. The content of silane coupling agent is 10 %mass or less with respect to total amount of base resin and polyisocyanate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cross-linked resin is urethane resin, and easily bonding layer is formed on polypropylene resin base material of back surface protection sheet. The base resin is a crosslinking substituent containing acrylic resin, and has glass transition point of 25-70 degrees C. The easily bonding layer containing silane coupling agent is formed on the hydrolysis-proof polyethylene terephthalate resin base material. The sealing material contains low density polyethylene having density of 0.9 g/cm3 or less, and polyethylene-type resin having silane copolymer formed by copolymerizing linear low density polyethylene and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer (I) is prepared by subjecting dihydrobenzofuran compound of formula (IV) and compound of formula Y'-Ar'-Y' (V) to copolymerization in the action of catalyst, and obtaining the polymer.Y'=boric acid group, boric acid ester group, zinc halide group or trialkyltin group, where the boric acid group is preferably 1,3,2-dioxyboran-2-yl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3-dioxydioxolboran-2-yl or 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxolboran-2-yl; the magnesium halide group is preferably magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide or magnesium iodide; the zinc halide group is preferably zinc chloride or zinc bromide; and the trialkyltin group is preferably trimethyl tin, triethyl tin or tributyl tin; andX=I, Br or Cl.Preferred Components: The polymer (I) is of formula (II) or (III). The number average molecular weight of the polymer is 1000-1000000, preferably 20000-200000.R1-R6=1-30C alkyl or 1-30C alkoxy; andAr3=mixed arylene including N. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1, Ar2=one or more of 42 groups, e.g. formula (i)-(iii);    R=H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, ester group, sulfuryl or fluoroalkyl;    Ar'=one or more of 37 groups, e.g. formula (iv)-(vi); and    R1, R2=4-12C alkyl; and    Ar3=one or more of 16 groups, e.g. formula (vii)-(ix).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material comprises at least two materials consisting of either: first, second, third or fourth material; or first and fifth sixth or seventh material. The polymer material comprises: the third material; and a polymer including substituted 2,3-diphenyl-quinoxaline repeating unit of formula (IX). The material is the second material or the fifth material. The material is the third material or the sixth material. The material is the fourth material or the seventh material.X5, Y5 = S (preferred) or Se. Preferred Definitions:    halo = F;    X1-X4, Y-Y4 = S;    Ar1, Ar2 = phenyl (substituted by perfluoromethyl);    Ar3, Ar4 = phenyl; and    B1 = carbazole derivative;    Ar5, Ar6 = phenyl (substituted by a perfluoromethyl or perfluoroethyl); and    C1, D1 = benzene ring.    EXAMPLE - 5,8-Dibromo-2,3-bis-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinoxaline was reacted with tributyl-thiophen-2-yl-stannane in presence of N-bromosuccinimide (2 equivalents) to obtain 5,8-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinoxaline. The 5,8-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinoxaline was reacted with 2,2'-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) to give poly(5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-8-thiophen-2-yl-2,3-bis-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinoxaline).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The clipping pieces are made of polyester resin, preferably Rynite (RTM: a registered trademark of DuPont Company for its brand of thermoplastic polyester resin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layers (121,123) have thickness of 5-100 mu m. The layer (122) has thickness of 10-300 mu m. The olefin resin has ethylene content of 60-100 %mass, density of 875-920 kg/m3 and heat of fusion of 100 J/g or less by differential scanning calorimeter. The (meth)acrylic acid ester is methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethyl hexyl (meth)acrylate. The total content of (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid ester, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl acetate and maleic acid anhydride is 2-40 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid contains 50 %mass or more of solvent. The solvent is water. The solar cell backsheet further contains adhesion layer, and barrier layer, which prevents permeation of water and gas. The solar cell module comprises transparent front substrate, through which sunlight is injected, cell-structure portion, which has sealing material provided on the front substrate, solar cell element, and solar cell backsheet, which is provided on opposite side to the front substrate. Preferred Property: The adhesive strength of adhesion layer is 5 N/cm or more, with respect to sealing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-siloxane structural unit is acryl-type structural unit. The crosslinking agent is chosen from carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent, oxazoline-type crosslinking agent and epoxy-type crosslinking agent. The carboxyl content in the polyester substrate is 1-15 equivalents/ton.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer further contains 1-30 %mass of structural portion derived from crosslinking agent, with respect to the composite polymer, reflection layer having light reflectivity, white-colored pigment and coating liquid. Preferred Property: The thickness of polymer layer is 0.8-12 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are obtained by a method involving precipitating of salts of metal such as cobalt, manganese, together with components containing magnesium and aluminum in solvent by maintaining suspension with solids. The solids are separated from the suspension and after-treated by maintaining a heterological metal catalyzer including manganese, cobalt, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dye is a xanthene dye such as eosine-Y dye, coumarin dye, triphenylmethane dye, cyanine dye, merocyanine dye, phthalocyanine dye, naphthalocyanine die, porphyrin dye, polypyridine-metal complex dye, ruthenium-bipyridine dye, azo dye, quinone dye, quinonimine dye, quinacridone dye, squarium dye, perylene dye, indigo dye, polymethin dye and riboflavin dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pyrotechnic composition is selected from one of zirconium/potassium perchlorate, zirconium-boron/potassium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass contains sodium silicate (in wt%) (59), alumina (9), calcium silicate (6), potassium oxide (12), copper oxide (8) and magnesium oxide (6). The back film contains polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The damping material layer comprises (pts.wt.) butyl rubber (5-20), regenerated butyl rubber (10-50), epoxy resin (5-20), fly ash (20-60), paraffin oil (5-10), resin (2-10), and age inhibitor (0.5-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is chosen from photoinititaor and thermal initiator. The additive is chosen from fluorescent powder, ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The tung oil base resin is chosen from natural tung oil, polymerized tung oil, epoxy tung oil and acrylated epoxy tung oil. The industrial resin is chosen from petroleum-based epoxy resin, vinyl resin, unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic ester and vinyl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the device, the inner cavity plate is fixed on the tank body at the inner side of the gas inlet hole by a locating pin; an exhaust hole is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity plate; and a sealing ring is arranged between the inner cavity plate and the tank body. The bracket is fixed at the outer side of the inner cavity plate through the gas inlet hole; and the outer cavity plate is fixed on the bracket. The tank body is cylindrical or square. It is impact molded by stainless steel, injection molded by plastic, or injection molded by glass reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Semiconductor fine particles in the semiconductor fine particle layer are metal oxide chosen from oxide of titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, indium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium, preferably titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, niobium pentoxide and titanium strontium oxide. The electrode (B) contains platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon, and/or conductive polymer. The content of dye is 30-50 wt.%. Preferred Property: The semiconductor fine particle layer has thickness of less than 8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive transparent substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide and triacetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, butyraldehyde and catalyst in solid particles is 34:19:28. The weight ratio of resin particles, plasticizer, and additive in solar film is 10:3.8:0.009.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic agent in the step (A) is chlorine acid catalyst or (Karstedt) molybdenum metal catalyst. Reinforcing agent is siliceous reinforcing agent, calcium carbonate or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The isocyanate is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isocyanate polymer. The reaction of second intermediate with capping agent comprises making second intermediate subjected to temperature of 50-80 degrees C, adding blocking agent to react for 2-6 hours. Capping agent comprises cyclohexanone oxime, ketoxime, ethyl acetoacetate, sodium bisulfite, caprolactam, or propiolactone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Synthesis of organic silicon modified polyurethane comprises reacting hydrogen silicone oil and vinyl polyether under action of catalyst to obtain a first intermediate; reacting first intermediate with isocyanate to obtain second intermediate; and reacting second intermediate with capping agent to obtain capped silicon-modified polyurethane. The grafting reaction of hydrogen silicone oil and vinyl polyether comprises introducing hydrogen silicone oil and vinyl polyether at mol ratio of 1.8-2.4 into reactor, uniformly stirring, raising temperature of 60-100 degrees C, adding catalyst, and reacting for 2-6 hours to obtain first intermediate. Vinyl polyether is of formula CH2=CH-(CH2CH2O)n-OH or CH2=C(CH3)-(CH2CH2O) n-OH, where n is not defined. The reaction of first intermediate with isocyanate comprises making first intermediate subjected to 50-80 degrees C, adding isocyanate to react for 2-6 hours. The isocyanate is isocyanate polymer. Crosslinking agent is polyol or polyamine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high weather resistance HDPE middle film layer and high weather resistance LLDPE outer surface film layer are added with (wt.%) antioxidant (0.01-1), ultraviolet ray absorbing agent (0.01-1) and ultraviolet ray stabilizing agent (0.01-0.5). The antioxidant is 2,6-dibutyl-4-methylphenol, bi-(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) or tetra( beta -(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid) pentaerythritol. The ultraviolet ray absorbing agent is o-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone or 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertiary phenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole. The ultraviolet ray stabilizing agent is sebacic acid bi-2,2,6,6-tetra methyl piperidine alcohol ester, polymer of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-tetramethyl alcohol or bi(2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacic acid ester. The FPE film is added with 0.1-1 wt.% flatting agent comprising organic silicon flatting agent, acrylate flatting agent, organic fluorine flatting agent and/or polyphosphoric acid. The FPE film is transparent, milky white, white and black; and is added with titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate and carbon black pigment and other assistant. The other assistant comprises brightening agent, dispersing agent, solvent or plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The multimedia terminal is formed with video, audio, game, radio and MPEG-1 audio layer 3 (MP3) playing functions. The interface group is provided with a universal serial bus (USB) interface and an secure digital card (SD Card).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The addictive solvent comprises dimethyl sulphoxide and N-methyl pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrode is made of polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer contains thiol compound of formula: R-SH, preferably 6-nitro-1H-indole-2-thiol.R=benzimidazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo isothiazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzo pyrazinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzo(1,4)dioxanyl, benzofuranyl, 9H-a-carbolinyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, iso thiazolyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, naphtharidinyl, oxazolyl, oxothiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, phenazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolo pyrimidinyl, pyrrolzinyl, pyridazyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, thiophenyl, triizolyl, triazinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl or thiazolidinyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyamide-imide layer comprises concatemer originating from trimellitic anhydride and pyromelltic dianhydride. The porous multi layer film manufacturing method utilizes a mixture comprises polyamide-imide varnish, isocyanate compound and foaming agent, where the compound is selected from 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate, and the polyamide-imide varnish comprises concatemer originating from trimellitic anhydride and pyromelltic dianhydride comprising unreacted anhydride end or unreacted carboxyl end.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The battery further contains ion-exchange membrane chosen from DuPont Nafion (RTM: non-reinforced film), glass fiber film, fire-resistant film and/or germanium-zinc film as separator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material is chosen from inorganic sulfur compound or organic polysulfide as organic sulfur compound. The inorganic sulfur compound is chosen from molybdenum sulfide, silicon sulfide, lithium sulfide, manganese sulfide, iron sulfide, vanadium sulfide, titanium sulfide, nickel sulfide, europium sulfide, praseodymium sulfide, erbium sulfide, lanthanum sulfide, gadolinium sulfide, thulium sulfide, holmium sulfide, terbium sulfide, ferrous sulfide, copper sulfide, titanium sulfide, lead sulfide and cobalt sulfide. The cathode is silicon substrate or lithium-titanium-tin oxide-based material, and is obtained using middle-phase carbon microballoons and lithium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from glycol dimethyl ether, 5-(2-diethylamino-ethanesulfonyl)-21-hydroxy-10- isopropyl-11,19-dimethyl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triaza- tricyclo(23.2.1.00,255)octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)- pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetraone, tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, tetraglyme and o-xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution further contains sulfur-containing polymer, organic solvent and creping adhesive. The crepe adhesive is chosen from (2,2'-dithiodianiline), polyanthra(1,9,8-b,c,d,e)(4,10,5-b,c,d,e)bis-(1,6,6a(6a-S)trithia)pentalene, 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine, (poly(1,4-di(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)benzene)) and poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermosetting material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the polymer electrolyte composition, the weight average molecular weight of the poly(alkylene carbonate)-based polymer is 1,000-1,000,000. The poly(alkylene carbonate)-based polymer is poly(ethylene carbonate), poly(propylene carbonate), poly(butylenes carbonate), poly(cyclohexyl carbonate), or a mixture or a derivative. The content of the poly(alkylene carbonate)-based polymer is 5-95 wt.%. The high boiling point solvent is a single material or a mixture selected from cyclic carbonate, lactones, and normal temperature molten salts; or selected from methylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, a cyclic derivative, gamma-butyrolactone, and an ionic liquid. The redox derivative provides a redox couple of I-/I3-. The ceramic particle is a single material or a mixture selected from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), and zeolite. The average particle diameter of the ceramic particle is 0.0001-1,000 mu m. The content of the ceramic particle is 2-20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic particles in layer (P1) is 0.1-15 %mass. The ratio of content of inorganic particles in layer (P1) with respect to layer (P2) is 0.8 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The average content of the inorganic particles in layer (A) and layer (B) is 10 %mass or less. At least one of the outermost layer in the laminated sheet is layer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The difference of boiling point of primary and secondary polar solvents is 10-100 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resins: The heat resistant resins (B,C) are chosen from precursor of polyamide resin, precursor of polyimide resin, precursor of polyamidoimide resin, polyimide resin and/or polyamidoimide resin. The average particle diameter of heat resistant resin (C) dispersed in solution is 50 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The down conversion material comprises exhibits a maximum in absorption of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral range from 300 to 500 nanometers. The down conversion material exhibits a maximum in emission of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral range from 400 to 600 nanometers. Preferred Components: The down conversion material comprises a material selected from: (a) inorganic nanoparticles selected from: (i) nanoparticles of compounds containing photoluminescent lanthanide cations selected from: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), europium (Eu), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and ytterbium (Yb); and (ii) quantum dots selected from the group of semiconductor nanocrystal compounds that can produce more than one excitons from one high energy photon of sunlight; and including composites comprising one or more of the nanoparticles (i) or semiconductor nanocrystal compounds (ii) mentioned above having a core- shell structure, the nanoparticles or nanocrystals having a size range of from about 1 nm to about 200 nm; and (b) organic luminescent down conversion additives selected from the following and including its derivatives: Rhodamine, Coumarin, Rubrene, Alq3, TPD, Gaq2Cl, Perylene dye, Naphthalene carbonic acid, and Violanthrone or iso-violanthrone. The light stabilizer is selected from Cyasorb 3346, Cyasorb 3529; Chimassorb 944 LD; Tinuvin 622; Univul 4050; Univul 5050, also Hostavin N30 and Chimassorb 119. The photovoltaic cell comprises at least one of the following materials: cadmium sulfide (CdS); silicon (Si); cadmium telluride (CdTe); indium phosphide (InP); gallium arsenide (GaAs); copper sulfide (Cu2S); and Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS), Crystalline Silicon (c-Si), amorphous silicon or copper indium selenium (CIS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Material: The current collection material is a porous electrode, a current collection electrode, a current collection base material, a transparent conductive layer, or current collection wiring. The porous electrode contains a metal as a main component, and transparent conductive layer contains a metal oxide which has transparency as a main component. The photoelectrode has a porous metal electrode (31), a porous metal oxide layer (32) supported with sensitizing dye, and a porous intermediate layer (33) provided between the porous metal electrode and porous metal oxide layer. The porous intermediate layer contains conductor microparticles. The current collection material is the porous metal electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The adsorption compound is of formula: R-X.R=saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aromatic ring, alicyclic ring, and/or heterocyclyl;andX=adsorption functional group, or atom which can be coordinated to metal or metal oxide, preferably carboxylic acid group, sulfo, amino, phosphoric acid group, phosphino, silanol, epoxy, isocyanate, cyano, vinyl, thiol, or hydroxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer has a molecular weight of 10000-100000 Da. The polymer is derived from a tetrafluoropropene or a pentafluoropropene compound. The compound is 2,3,3,3 -tetrafluoro-1-propene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, pentafluoropropene, and/or their stereoisomers. The coating further comprises at least one additive. The additive comprises a surfactant. The coating comprises more than one layer. At least an upper layer of the coating comprises the polymer. The coating comprises a lower layer comprising a sol gel and an upper layer comprising the polymer. The coating is disposed on at least a portion of a first surface and at least a portion of a second surface of the substrate. The optically transparent element comprises essentially of the polymer. The coating solution is applied by roller coating. The coating solution is cured at a temperature of: less than 350 degrees C or no more than 300 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    R1 = F;    R2, R3 = H; and    n = 15-2000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Optical nanoparticles are indium tin oxide (ITO), chromium-molybdenum powder metal (Mo-Cr), molybdenum powder metal (Mo), zinc indium oxide (i-ZnO), oxidized zinc-aluminum alloy (ZnO/Al2O3), and/or copper gallium (CuGa). Nano metal particles are copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), and/or nickel ions (Ni).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Cross-linked polymer material is polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (MMA), and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Thickness of rigid polymer film is 0.15-0.30 mm, and is made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glycol polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film-forming composition further contains electroconductive oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-polymer-type binder is chosen from metallic soap, metal complex, metal alkoxide, halosilane, 2-alkoxy ethanol, ( beta )-diketone and alkyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polymer-type binder and/or non-polymer-type binder which are hardened by heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound comprises copper-zinc sulfide (CuxZnySz), where x is 2, y is 1.5-2.5, z is 2.5-3.5 and x+y+z is 7. Preferred Process: A buffer layer (5) containing compound (In2S3) comprising indium and sulfur and a metal oxide semiconductor layer (4) comprising porous structure and containing titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide and strontium oxide are formed on the light absorption layer. A translucent conductive layer (3) containing fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide and/or niobium-doped titanium oxide is formed on the metal oxide semiconductor layer. A translucent substrate (2) containing glass or plastic is provided on the translucent conductive layer. A back electrode (7) comprising molybdenum, gold, silver, aluminum, carbon and platinum is provided on the light absorption layer. A raw material solution containing copper chloride, zinc nitrate and thiourea thiocarbamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first structure and second structure comprises polycarbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Number average molecular weights of resin 1-400 million. Solubility with respect to toluene at 25 degrees C of binder resin is less than or equal to 7 g/L. Binder resin is polyimine or polyamide. Average primary particle size of metal oxide is 5-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The monomer is glycidyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The principal chain is same for first P-type organic semiconductor and second P-type organic semiconductor. The first P-type organic semiconductor and second P-type organic semiconductor are polythiophene which has side chain at third position. The oxidizing agent is bromine, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, fluorine, chlorine or iodine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is chosen from alumina, hydrated alumina, Boehmite, zirconia, magnesia, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of said binder and thickener is 0.4 or more. The amount of binder contained in heat-resistant layer is 0.4-17.2 wt.%. The amount of binder is 2-4.5 wt.%. The binder is chosen from acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyolefin resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyacrylic acid. The thickener is chosen from carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is silicon. The negative electrode active material further contains silicon oxide as metal oxide, and carbon material. Preferred Property: The Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is 0.2-0.9 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic diamine is chosen from phenylenediamine, biphenyl diamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenyl ether, diaminobenzophenone, diaminodiphenyl thioether and bis-aminophenoxy benzene. The aromatic tetracarboxylic acid is chosen from pyromellitic acid, biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid, diphenylmethane-3,3',4,4'- tetracarboxylic acid, diphenyl ether-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid, diphenyl thioether-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid and benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid. The electrolyte contains carbonate ester solvent or carboxylate ester solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin component contains polyimide or polyamide-imide resin. The mass ratio of the negative electrode active material and resin component is 7/100-25/100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic material is silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or indium gallium nitride. The particle is made of indium nitride and indium gallium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particle is made of silicon, germanium or silicon germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate film contains cobalt-titanate crystal phase and cobalt oxide crystal phase. The molar ratio of cobalt and titanium contained in the intermediate film is 40:60-80:20. The primary electrode is ceria-doped samarium, yttria-stabilized zirconia containing nickel, Scandia-stabilized zirconia containing nickel, and gadolinium-containing nickel. The interconnector has portion containing silver-palladium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of pigments in the layer is 2.5-35 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The (meth)acrylate is chosen from butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin layer further contains olefin resin having heat-of-fusion of 100 J/g or less, obtained by differential scanning calorimeter and density of 875-920 kg/m3, and has layer (a) and layer (b). The olefin resin contains 60-100 %mass of ethylene as monomer unit. The layer (a) contains 2-40 %mass of copolymer of ethylene and (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylate and/or vinyl acetate as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition comprises polyolefin resin and an organic peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flexibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride grafted styrene-butadiene-styrene segmented copolymer and/or maleic anhydride grafted acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of metal type crosslinking agent is 1:5-500:1. The metal type crosslinking agent is chosen from titanium, aluminum, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, cerium, lanthanum, oxide of tungsten, hydroxide, complex compound, organometallic compound, organic acid salt, and inorganic acid salt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode material is lithium ion compound chosen from lithium iron metal phosphate, lithium-manganese dioxide or lithium iron phosphate, where metal is nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, calcium, chromium, vanadium or strontium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous ion-conductive polymer gel is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl acrylate or acrylate based polymer gel. The battery is provided with a diaphragm that is chosen from polyethylene film, polypropylene film or polyethylene film and polypropylene composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second metals are selected from Platinum, Palladium, Iridium, Rhodium, Gold, Ruthenium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Molybdenum, Silver, Tungsten, Rhenium, or Osmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoparticles comprise nanocomposite particles containing inorganic nanocrystals with an organic polymer surface coating. The nanoparticles comprise a nanocrystal comprising cadmium selenide. The electron acceptor material comprises several cadmium selenide nanocrystals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron acceptor material comprises phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron donor material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene). The network of polymer nanostructures comprises a semiconductor polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric substrate film comprises a primer layer on its surface providing the functional groups that interact with the adhesive to promote bonding of the fluoropolymer coating to the substrate film. The compatible adhesive polymer is a functional acrylic polymer, or an amine functional acrylic polymer. The fluoropolymer is homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl fluoride comprising at least 60 mole% or at least 80 mole% of vinyl fluoride and homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride comprising at least 60 mole% or at least 80 mole% of vinylidene fluoride. The fluoropolymer coating further comprises 1-35 wt.% of pigment. The fluoropolymer coating is on both surfaces of the substrate film. The primer comprises a polymer comprising polyallylamine/melamine polymer, polyethylene imine polymer, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, and acid modified polyolefin. The fluoropolymer coating has a thickness of 0.1-2.0 mils. The substrate film has a thickness of 0.5-10 mils. The primer layer has a thickness of 20-100 nm. The surface of the substrate film is activated. The substrate film comprises filler. The thermoplastic polyester of the substrate film is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and a coextrudate of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylenenaphthalate. The functional groups on the surface of the polymeric substrate film are carboxylic acid, hydroxy, and their mixtures. The fluoropolymer coating is a surface layer of the fluoropolymer coated film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The box casing is made of polymer ethylene vinyl acetate, paradichlorobenzene, fluorine-containing polymer, polycarbonate and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-resistant layer preferably consists of unidirectional stretched polyetherimide film, and has a thickness of 25-50 mu m (preferably 25-30 mu m or 35-50 mu m). The polyetherimide can be benzene type polyetherimide and/or biphenyl type polyetherimide; and has 25000-28000 weight average molecular weight, 0.58-0.68 dL/g viscosity, and 1.28-1.42 g/cm3 density. The structure reinforcement layer has a thickness of 150-250 mu m. The adhesive layer has a thickness of 5-30 mu m (preferably 5-20 mu m).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is selected from oxide particle of silicon, titanium, aluminum and/or magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is fatty acid, fatty amide, lipid, wax, metal soap and/or low molecular wax. The antioxidant is hindered phenol, phosphite, thioether, metal ion passivant or amine. The hydrolysis-resistant agent is single carbodiimide, polycarbodiimide, or the agent type is hindered amine, styreneacrylic acid, or their mixture of at least one benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material is selected from polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and/or naphthalate. The weather photosensitive resin is selected from fluorocarbon resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin or mixture of at least two acrylic resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the composition, each conglomerated SCN of the population comprises at least 10, preferably 100 SCNs. The composition comprises a deposition on a substrate, where deposition is an array, a thin film, layers of thin films or a coating on or around an electronic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first solution further comprises a polar solvent. The second solution further comprises a polar solvent. The first solution comprises hexane and methanol, where the ratio of hexane to methanol is 1:5. The second solution comprises hexanes and butanol, where the ratio of hexane to butanol is 1:20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The preparing of the hydrophilic conglomerated SCN further comprises washing the conglomerated SCN following agitation of the conglomerated SCN with the first polymer. Preferred Components: The first polymer is poly(allylamine). EXAMPLE - Semiconductor nanocrystals (20 mg, cadmium-selenium-zinc sulfide) were purified by washing three times with hexane (5 ml) and methanol (30 ml), and centrifuged for 10 minutes, where hexane was added to the Semiconductor nanocrystals before adding methanol. The crystals were dissolved in hexane (2 ml) and butanol (40 ml) was then added. The solution was placed in a sonic washer for 10 minutes to obtain conglomerated semiconductor nanocrystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound consisting of copper and tellurium is copper telluride. The buffer layer consists of indium sulfide or zinc sulfide. The metal oxide semiconductor layer has porous structure and consists of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide and/or strontium titanate. Preferred Element: The photoelectric conversion element has a translucent conductive layer (3) consisting of an at least 1 type of transparent conductive oxide chosen from fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, gallium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide, and niobium-doped tin oxide, a translucent substrate (2) consisting of glass or a plastics, and a back electrode (7) consisting of molybdenum, gold, silver, aluminum, carbon and/or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The solar selective absorbing film layer is electroplating black chrome layer, plating copper layer and/or layer(s) provided with infrared reflection function of the black chrome layer and metal heat absorbing base plate plated with a layer provided with infrared reflection function. The solar energy selectivity absorbing film layer is formed by vacuum magnetic control sputtering method for plating the metal heat absorbing base plate. A metal heat absorbing base plate is aluminum or copper layer (3) with infrared reflection function of the solar selective absorption film layer provided with a light-to-heat conversion function of silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride layer (4), a chromium alloy or chromium alloy oxide layer (5), silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride layer (6). The metal heat absorbing base plate is aluminum metal heat absorbing base plate. The copper tube and the aluminum metal heat absorbing base plate are welded by laser welding method and the welding point is distributed on the two sides of the copper pipe. The copper aluminum metal heat absorbing base plate between the metal heat absorbing base plate is aluminum metal heat absorbing base plate. The copper tube and the aluminum metal heat absorbing base plate-width are welded together.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic resin layer is a thermosetting resin including silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin or polyester resin. The thermosetting resin is added with carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The ceramic powder material has granularity of 0.1-1.0 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is castor oil or ammonium polyacrylate. The adhesive is polyvinyl butyral or methylcellulose. The plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tert. amine catalyst uses N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, propylene glycol solution with 33 wt.% triethylene-diamine, and 1,3,5-tri(dimethyl amino propyl) hexahydrotriazine at a mass ratio of 1:3-5:6-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is formed by adding an inorganic oxide (1-35 pbw) comprising silica, titanium oxide, alumina and zirconium oxide to the polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The negative channel type semiconductor layer comprises a metal oxide unit that is made from one or combination of molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, tin oxide, copper oxide, strontium oxide, cadmium oxide and cupric oxide. The transparent conductive layer is made from one of copper oxide, copper-zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum gallium zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide and zirconia materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made from one or combination of molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, gallium-selenium sulfur compound material, copper-indium-gallium-selenium compound material, copper-indium-sulfur compound material and copper indium selenide compound material. The substrate is selected from one of stainless steel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum-metal and metal foil materials. The positive channel type semiconductor layer made of copper gallium selenium sulfur, copper gallium selenium and copper selenium material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon source is tetraethyl orthosilicate, and/or n-methyl silicate. The catalyst is chosen from hydrochloric acid, aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, propanol and ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polystyrene latex spheres have diameter of 10-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A fluoric polyamide and sulfonamide polymer is prepared by reacting thiophene compound (III) and compound of formula X-Ar'-X (IV) in the presence of catalyst, e.g. tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium (O), bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (O) or di-triphenyl phosphorus palladium chloride under polymerization to obtain the polymer.Y'=boric group, ester group, halide group or alkyl tin group; andX=I, Br or Cl.Preferred Component: The polymer is of structure (II). The number average molecular weight of polymer is 2000-1x 106.A1', A2', R1-R4=1-30C alkyl or 30C alkoxy; andAr1=impurity containing N and/or S as arylene group. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=N, S or Se, where 6 heteroatoms of single ring is optionally substituted, bicyclic, or tricyclic hetero-arylidene, optionally substituted by Ph, alkyl or NO2, or two adjacent carbon atoms on Ar' group substituted to form ethylene, or fused ring containing S group ring heteroarylene and arylene or heteroarylene, with 1-4 nitrogen ring atoms or arylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The stabilizing agent is metal salt or phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first functional master batch comprises (pts.wt.) pure polyester (35-70), titanium dioxide (27-55), barium sulfate (3-10), zinc oxide and zirconia; and prepared by taking pure polyester dry crushing, putting material and titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide or zirconia, extruding and granulating mixed material by double-screw extruder to prepare functional master batch. The second functional master batch comprises (pts.wt.) pure polyester (87-99.8), stabilizer (0.1-5), dispersant (0.05-5), and ultraviolet light absorber (0.05-3); and prepared by taking pure polyester dry crushing, uniformly mixing stabilizer, dispersant and ultraviolet light absorbent, adding to twin-screw extruder to melt, and granulating to obtain second functional master batch. The dispersant is polyethyleneglycol or silane. The ultraviolet light absorbent is benzotriazole or hindered amine. Preferred Processes: The preparation of the white polyester thin film comprises premixing pure polyester and functional master batch and drying, and melting through co-extruding die, casting melt to form unformed polyester casting plastic thick sheet on rotation of cooling roll, with thickness of polyester casting plastic thick sheet of 5000, and cooling polyester casting plastic thick sheet, preheating, and longitudinal stretching to 2-4.4 times, and transverse stretch of 2.5-4.5 times; and putting stretched film thermal molding, and cooling to obtain white polyester film. The melt extrusion temperature is 240-300 degrees C. The film forming temperature is 1700-2000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic light stabilizer is benzotriazole UV absorbent. The photosensitizer is thioxanthone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is obtained from condensation and dehydrochlorination of bisphenol A and epoxy chloropropane under alkaline catalytic condition. The acrylic polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by acrylic ester and polybasic isocyanate which is hydroxyl, or acrylic acid polyurethane prepolymer prepared by acrylic ester monomer and polyvalent isocyanate. The active diluent is acrylate active diluent. The reactive diluent is hydroxy-ethyl acrylate and/or hydroxypropyl acrylate. The solar energy component package material comprises 0.1-5 mass% processing auxiliary agent, which comprises (mass%) delusterant (0.2-1), defoamer (0.1-0.5), dispersant (0.2-2), and adhesion promoter (0.5-3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal foil has a thickness of 100-5000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adhesive layers have a thickness of 5-15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing coating or fluorine-containing polymer thin film has a thickness of 10-20 mu m. The polyolefin layer has a thickness layer of 20-150 mu m. The fluorine-containing polymer thin film is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The fluorine-containing coating comprises fluorinated ethylene vinyl ether as main resin. The polyolefin material is linear low density polyethylene or non-polyethylene film. The first or second adhesive layer comprises polyurethane glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of stainless steel foil, aluminum foil, titanium foil or polyimide and hard base material i.e. glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The chloroform solution of P3HT is p-type semiconductor organic conjugated polymer. The conductive glass is divided into Baytron P 4083 (RTM: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) (PEDOT):polystyrene sulfonate film (PSS), and spin-free coating PEDOT:PSS film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adulterant is zinc acetate, copper nitrate, iron nitrate, aluminum nitrate, sodium borate, tin tetrachloride, zirconium oxychloride, ethanol tantalum, ethyl alcohol niobium, urea, thiourea, ammonium fluoride and/or ammonium chloride. The hydrolysis inhibitor is acidic, alkaline and neutral, where the acidic inhibitor is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid and/or citric acid, the alkali inhibitor is mono-ethanol amine, diethanol amine, triethanolamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide, and the neutral inhibitor is polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The decomposer is hydrogen peroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid ammonium bicarbonate, zinc carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrite and/or azodiisobutyronitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol is ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropanol, butanol, glycol and/or propylene glycol. The titanium dioxide precursor is tetrabutyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride and/or metatitanic acid isopropyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulative strip comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulative strip comprises a material selected from the group consisting of expandable polyethylene (EPE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane (TPT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The parylene dimer consists of parylene N, parylene C, parylene D, and parylene F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cation exchange capacity of the proton conducting polymer is 1-6 meq/g. Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent contains at least two methylol groups in a molecule. The proton conducting polymer and crosslinking agent are chemically bonded together by heating at 60-250 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fine metal wire is metal nanowire and contains silver. The surface of fine metal wire is preferably sulfurized. The fine metal wire comprises sulfur element with respect to silver in ratio of 10-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The protection sheet has maximum reflected wavelength of 950 nm or more. The protection sheet further comprises adhesive layer which is positioned as outermost layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Each of one or more flexible spacers attached to at least one glass panel of a photovoltaic cell includes one selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polysulphone, polystyrene-butadiene-styrene, ethylene propylene diene monomer, polyolefins, and elastomeric polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Electron acceptor is POSS-functionalized fullerene or fullerene derivative e.g. (60)fullerene, (70)fullerene, (84)fullerene, and derivatives. Electron donor is a POSS-functionalized conjugated polymer e.g. poly((((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)methoxy-1,4-phenylene)-1,2-ethenediyl) (MEHPPV) and poly(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithienol(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl) (SiPCPDTBT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The outer frame material of frame unit is made of from aluminum frame, metal foil tape. A secondary adhesion filled layer is made of from ethylene vinyl acetate resin, ionomer resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is provided for preventing water vapor permeation from peripheral portion of the back surface protective layer to inner side of solar cell module, and is made of from butyl rubber, silicone resin, polyolefin, polyisoprene, isoprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine oil is chosen from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoropolyether, the modified portion of chlorotrifluoroethylene and the modified portion of perfluoropolyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The cathode contains metal which has an electron in d-orbit. The oxidation reaction with the anode is reaction from which onset electric potential of the oxidation reaction becomes negative from 0.05 V or more with respect to onset electric potential of the reductive reaction. The onset electric potential of reductive reaction of the carbon dioxide is positive from 0 V with respect to a normal hydrogen electrode electric potential. The cation or anion conveyed by passing the electrolyte in between is a proton or a hydroxide ion, preferably proton. The oxidation reaction is carried out using hydrogen, methanol and/or dimethyl ether. The reductive reaction is carried out using carbon dioxide. The system further has a carbon-dioxide concentration apparatus for supplying concentrated carbon dioxide with respect to the cathode. The reduction and fixation of carbon dioxide is converting carbon dioxide into another substance by reduction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first charge, the second charge and the discharge are performed at a room temperature. The steps of the first charge, the second charge and the discharge are repeated more than one. The electrolyte is a solid electrolyte. In the method (m1), a diameter of a particle of the inorganic oxide is greater than or equal to 50 nm to less than or equal to 10 mu m. Preferred Components: The ion-conducting high molecular compound is polyalkylene oxide. The inorganic oxide is at least one of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, antimony oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, graphite oxide, barium titanate or lithium meta-silicate. The lithium electrolyte salt is at least one of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate or lithium thiocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of ferrous in ferric ions in the positive electrolyte supporting solution is more than 0.2 M. The concentration of sulfur and sulfide ion in the negative electrolyte supporting solution is more than 0.1 M. The positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte supporting solutions comprise alkali metal hydroxide and/or ammonium hydroxide, and have pH of 6 or more. The negative electrolyte comprises polysulfide compound. The positive electrolyte comprises potassium ferricyanide and/or potassium ferrocyanide. The electrodes comprise carbon, preferably graphite felt, or noble metals, and have nickel coating or cobalt coating. The positive electrolyte comprises potassium ferrocyanide (K4F(CN)6 or K3F(CN)6), or sodium hydroxide. The negative electrolyte comprises sulfur and sulfide ion, and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The noble metal electrodes comprise metals chosen from nickel, cobalt, gold, platinum and stainless steels.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membrane or the separator comprises sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer, or hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fiber-reinforcement material comprises: glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers and/or basalt fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isocyanate component has a viscosity at 25 degrees C of less than 100 mPas. The isocyanate component comprises diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or polymeric MDI. The isocyanate-reactive component (b) has an average functionality of 2-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred System: In the system, the components (a) and (b) are reacted in amounts such that the isocyanate (NCO) index is approximately 1.02. Preferred Components: The polyol is a polyether polyol. The polyol has a viscosity at 25 degrees C of 600-700 mPas. The polyol includes a polyol having viscosity at 25 degrees C of 50-75 mPas. EXAMPLE - A polyurethane-forming system comprising (g): Multranol 9170 (RTM: polyether polyol having viscosity at 25 degrees C of approximately 315 mPas, functionality of 3 and hydroxyl (OH) number of approximately 350 mg KOH/g) (750); Arcol PPG 425 (RTM: a polypropylene oxide-based diol having a viscosity at 25 degrees C of approximately 73 mPas and OH number of approximately 263 mg KOH/g) (250); Incozol 2 (RTM: drying agent) (10); Niax A577 (RTM: delayed action amine catalyst) (0.3); BYK-A 560 (RTM: silicone-free material) (20); and Mondur CD (RTM: polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) having a viscosity at 25 degrees C of 40 mPas) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive form rod is made of platinum, gold, silver, nickel, titanium and copper. Etching treatment is performed using sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulation layer is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, polystyrene and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide semiconductor layer is chosen from titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, and strontium titanate. The light absorption layer consists of chalcopyrite-type semiconductor. The photoelectric conversion element has further equipped with translucent conductive layer (3), translucent substrate (2), and back electrode (7) on the opposite side to the buffer layer in contact with the light absorption layer. The translucent conductive layer is transparent conductive oxide chosen from fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, gallium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide, and niobium-dope tin oxide. The translucent substrate consists of glass or plastics. The back electrode consists of molybdenum, metal, silver, aluminum, carbon and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polymerization initiator has a heterocyclic amine structure. The functional group of initiator is of formula: -C(-N(-R1)-R2)(=N-R3), and the initiator is of formula: =(=N-C(-R4)(-R5)-C(-N(-R1)-R2)(=N-R3))2.R1-R3=H, 1-6C alkyl, or 1-6C hydroxyalkyl;two or more of R1-R3+N=ring;andR4,R5=1-6C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high-molecular compound is a highly branched polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1000-2000000 by polystyrene conversion as measured by gel permeation chromatography. The highly branched polymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer (A) having two or more radically polymerizable double bonds in a molecule in the presence of a polymerization initiator having an amino functional group (5-200 mol%) or imino functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing film further contains crosslinking adjuvant. The crosslinking adjuvant is triaryl isocyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The fluorine resin fine particles have average particle diameter of 1-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: The fluororesin of the fluorine resin fine particles is polytetrafluoroethylene. The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface-treatment agent further contains organic compound having carboxyl group(s) in a molecule, and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesion amount of chitosan with respect to aluminum foil is 1-500 mg/m2 at the time of drying. The concentration of the chitosan in the surface-treatment agent is 0.001-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinker comprises component A and component B. Component A is 2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-amyl ester. Component B is (3, 5, 5) is peroxide-2-ethyl hexyl ester carbonate, maleinoid butene diacid, peroxide-2-ethyl caproic acid tertiary amyl ester, neodecanoic tert-butyl, or amyl acid tert-butyl. Weight parts of component A is 0.5-2, and rest as B component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base layer; or layer of polymer alloy material which is mixed by PET and polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) in a manner of hot melt, where the content of PBT or PEN is 1-50 wt.%. The base layer is formed by inorganic oxide (1-35 wt.%) selected from silica, titania, alumina or zirconia which is added to PET. The thickness of the base layer is 0.1-10 microns. The fluorinated membrane or fluorine-containing coating is a membrane formed by polyvinylidene polymer membrane or terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. The fluororesin content of the fluorinated membrane or fluorine-containing coating is 30-95 wt.%. The thickness of the fluorine membrane or fluorine-containing coating is 0.01-0.1 micron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the polymer adhesive layer is 0.005-0.03 micron. The thickness of thermosetting EVA layer is highly pervious to light is 0.01-0.1 micron. The nitrogen siloxane membrane is formed on both sides of the base layer through the plasma nitrogen siloxane treatment. The fluorine siloxane membrane is formed on both sides of the fluorinated membrane or fluorine-containing coating through the plasma fluorinated siloxane treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode coating includes a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) such as an oxide of tin doped with fluorine, tin and indium oxide, oxide of indium doped with antimony, zinc oxide doped with aluminum, gallium or indium. The counter-electrode forming assembly includes of tin doped with fluorine or doped zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent includes sulfolane, dimethylsulphoxide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, amides like N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, 30-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethylene glycols like tetraglyme, ethanol, methanol, ethoxyethanol, methoxyethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, ketones like cyclopentanone, benzylacetone, lactones like gamma-butyrolactone, acetylbutyrolactone, nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, mehoxypropionitrile, benzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, anhydrides like acetic anhydride, ethers like 2 - methoxyethylether, phthalates, adipates, citrates, sebacates, maleates, benzoates and succinates, ionic liquids selected among halide salts of imidazolium, such the iodide of 1.2 - dim    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The textile web includes fibers made of polypropylene, polyester, fluorinated polymer like PTFE or fluorinated polyvinylidene (PVDF), polyamide or polyimide. The substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide or fluorinated substrates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solubilizing liquid includes an    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solubilizing liquid includes a solvent selected from one of sulfolane, dimethylsulphoxide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, amides like N dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethylene glycols like tetraglyme, alcohols like ethanol, methanol, ethoxyethanol, methoxyethanol, propanol, butanol, and hexanol, ketones like cyclopentanone, benzylacetone, lactones like gamma-butyrolactone, acetylbutyrolactone, nitriles like acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3- hydroxypropionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, benzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, anhydrides like acetic anhydride, ethers like 2 -methoxyethylether, phthalates, lesadipates, citrates, maleates, benzoates and succinates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer matrix includes a layer of polymer selected from one of copolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate, and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyimide (PI), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyether-ether-ketones (PEEK) (RTM: Colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), polyoxyethylene (POE), copolymer of epichlorohydrin and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). The substrate is made from one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphtalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC) and polyimide (PI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer has thickness of 15-40 mu m, and contains 90-95 parts weight of alkyl phenol and 5-10 parts weight of acryl adhesive. The film layer has thickness of 12.5-50 mu m, and contains polyimide. The surface layer has thickness of 5-10 mu m, and contains 10-20 parts weight of silica and 80-90 parts weight of ink compound comprising 20-30 parts weight of carbon black, 60-70 parts weight of binder, 1-5 parts weight of acrylic acid and 5-10 parts weight of polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The n-type doped II-VI group nanometer material is selected from one of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi) and silver (Ag) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer (I) further comprises one or more other repeating units (M2) of formulae (-(Ar1)m-ringA1-(Ar1)m1-), (-(Ar1)m-Z-(Ar1)m1-), (-(Ar1)m2-), (-Z-ringA1-Z-), (-Z-(Ar1)m2-Z-), (-Z-ringA1-(Ar1)m2-ringA1-Z-), (-ringA1-(Ar1)m2-ringA1-), (-Z-(Ar1)m-ringA1-(Ar1)m1-Z-) and (-ringA1-Z-ringA1-), preferably having divalent group of formulae e.g. (a)-(j).ringA1 = optionally substituted fused ring moiety, preferably e.g. (a)-(j);Ar1 = optionally substituted 5-6C membered aryl or heteroaryl;Z = conjugated linear linker, preferably (E)-but-2-ene, (E)-2,3-dimethyl-but-2-enedinitrile, (Z)-2-methyl-but-2-enenitrile, dimethyl-diazene or but-2-yne; andm, m1, m2 = 0-6.Preferred Components: The field effect transistor device has a structure comprising top-gate bottom-contact structure, bottom-gate top-contact structure, top-gate top-contact structure, and bottom-gate bottom-contact structure. The dielectric material comprises an organic dielectric material, an inorganic dielectric material, or a hybrid organic/inorganic dielectric material. The photoactive layer comprises a blend material comprising the polymer and a fullerene compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydroxybenzophenone is 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone. The antioxidant is triethylene glycol bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate and/or pentaerythritol tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The EVA copolymer has VA content of 33% and melt index of 20-33, preferably 33 g/10 minutes. The thickness of anti-aging EVA adhesive film is 0.3-0.8 mm. The light stabilizer is poly-((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-imino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)(2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-amino)-hexamethylene-(4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-imino)), and/or poly-((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)-1,6-hexanediyl((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Adhesion promoter is silane coupling agent. Anti-aging agent includes salicylate UV absorbent, hindered amine radical trapping agent and metal complex quencher. The matting agent is fumed silica or polymer wax. Thixotropic agent is fumed silica and modified ureas. Organic solvent I is propylene glycol ether acetate or butyl acetate. Organic solvent II is butyl acetate. Curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Binder further comprises aliphatic polyisocyanate. The modified hydroxy acrylic resin is crosslinked with aliphatic polyisocyanate. De-foaming agent is acrylate polymer or methyl alkyl polysiloxane. Abrasion-resistance additive includes fluorinated silane additive or PTFE wax micropowder. Wetting dispersant is block copolymer solution of polyamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluid is gas, or isotropic or anisotropic liquid. The isotropic liquid is solvent and/or monomer. The anisotropic liquid is liquid crystal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photonic crystal structure is cholesteric liquid crystal structure. The monomer can be polymerized. The membrane material is a polymer membrane connected with a light-transmitting sub-assembly comprising glass and/or high molecular film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating upper and lower covers are made of polyphenyl thioether, polyetherimide, liquid crystal high molecular polymer, polycaprolactone butyl diacyl diamine, polyamide, polyphenylene oxide, common bisphenol A-type polysulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylether, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (d) involves reacting the mixed solution at 80 degrees C and controlling pH at 3.2-3.6, preferably 3.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acrylic acid monomer is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and/or acrylamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of polyolefin fiber is 60-100%. The amount of polypropylene fiber is 0-40%. Preferred Properties: The polyolefin sheath fiber has fineness of 0.67-1 dtex and fiber length of 2-51 mm. The polypropylene fiber has fineness of 0.08-0.6 dtex or 1-1.67 dtex and fiber length of 2-51 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The fluorinated siloxane film layer is mounted at two surfaces of base layer. Preferred Layer: The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate base layer, polymer alloy base layer containing polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate (1-50 parts weight), or base layer is formed by adding inorganic oxide comprising silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide to polyethylene terephthalate, and the content of inorganic oxide is 1-35 parts weight. The fluororesin polymer layer is polyvinylidene fluoride resin layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of fluorinated siloxane film layer is 0.01-5 mu m. The base layer has thickness of 0.1-10 mm. The polymer adhesive layer has thickness of 0.001-0.05 mm, preferably 0.005-0.03 mm. The polyolefin bonding layer has thickness of 0.01-0.1 mm. Preferred Composition: The fluororesin polymer layer comprises fluororesin (30-95 parts weight). Preferred Process: The two surfaces of base layer are subjected to plasma nitrogen siloxane treatment to form nitrogen siloxane film layers. The two surfaces of fluororesin polymer layer are subjected to plasma fluorinated siloxane treatment to form fluorinated siloxane film layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting bromophenyl compound of formula (Ia) with oxachloro group of formula (Cl-C(=O)R1) in the presence of aluminum trichloride to obtain bromophenyl carboxyl compound of formula (Ib); reacting compound (Ib) with 2-thienyltributyltin in the presence of palladium tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) to obtain thienylbromophenyl carboxyl compound of formula (Ic); and reacting compound (Ic) with lithium compound of formula (R2Li) in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to obtain compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is one or more of polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyolefin and acrylic ester copolymer. The thermoplastic resin is one or more of polyamide 66, polyamide 6, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer. The fiber is macrofiber. The macrofiber is one or more of glass fiber, polymer fiber, carbon fiber, ephedrine fiber and bamboo fiber. The mass fraction of the fiber is 30-80%. The thermoplastic resin further comprises one or more of the antioxidant, stabilizer, flexibilizer, lubricating agent and UV agent. The components are passed through screwed connection, bayonet connection, card slot connection, groove connection, welding or adhesive bonding connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Layer silicate is montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin, argil, talc powder and/or mica powder. Thixotropic agent is fumed silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Epoxy active diluent is neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, dipropanol diglycidyl ether, dihydroxytoluene propane triglycidyl ether and/or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. Silane coupling agent is KH550, KH560 and/or phenyl trimethoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Bisphenol A epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin E51 and/or bisphenol A epoxy resin E44. Bisphenol F epoxy resin is bisphenol F epoxy resin 830. Modified layer silicate is long-chain quaternary amine modified polymer. Long-chain quaternary amine modified polymer is cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. Flexibilizer is liquid nitrile rubber, terminal epoxy nitrile rubber and/or terminal carboxyl nitrile rubber. Padding is fiber nano-grade padding comprising needlelike wollastonite and ground limestone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the donor layer, the high molecular polymer is poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV), the phosphorescent dye is planar (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato)platinum(II) (PtOEP), the mass ratio of high molecular polymer material with phosphorescent dye is 100:(3-20), and the mass ratio of high molecular polymer material with phosphorescent dye is 100:(5-10). The thickness of the donor layer is 20-60, preferably 25-40 nm. The thickness of the cavity transport layer is 40 nm, and the thickness of the acceptor layer is 30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoparticles are silicon dioxide nanoparticles modified by coupling agent comprising gamma -(methyl acryloxy)propyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -epoxy propoxy propyl trimethoxy silane or gamma -aminopropyl triethoxy silane. The inorganic nanoparticles and hydrophilic agent are uniformly distributed in polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The solvent is mixture of acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide at mass ratio of 8-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic/organic composite porous film layer is 50-70 mu m thick; and the particle size of the inorganic nanoparticles is 15-30 nm. The hydrophilic agent is amphoteric triblock polymer of formula EOxPOyEOz formed by ethoxy-propoxy.EO=ethoxyl;PO=propoxy;x=95-110;y=65-75; andz=100-110.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer to inorganic nanoparticles is 100:2-10; and mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer to hydrophilic agent is 0.9-1.1:0.09-0.11. The mass ratio of the solvent to polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer to hydrophilic agent is 10:0.9-1.1:0.09-0.11. The mass ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer to silicon dioxide modified by coupling agent is 100:2-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-sulfobenzide dihalide is 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-sulfobenzide dichloride. The molar ratio of perfluorobiphenyl to hexafluorobiphenyl A is (1.05-1.11):1. The molar ratio of diphenyl A to 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-sulfobenzide dihalide is (1.04-1.2):1. The perfluorobiphenyl and hexafluorobiphenyl A are reacted using N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting perfluorobiphenyl and hexafluorobiphenyl A to obtain hydrophobic tetrafluorophenyl oligomer of formula (II); reacting diphenyl A and 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-sulfobenzide dihalide to obtain hydrophilic propylphenyl oligomer of formula (III); polymerizing hydrophobic oligomer (II) and hydrophilic oligomer (III) while heating to generate compound (I). Preferred Component: The molar ratio of hydrophobic oligomer (II) to hydrophilic oligomer (III) is (1-1.60):1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The graphene thin film has 2-5 layers, and total thickness of 1-15 microns. The substrate is conductive glass sheet, indium tin oxide conductive polyester plate, polyester sheet or glass sheet. Preferred Method: The nitrogen-doped graphene is obtained by adding 30-80 mg of graphene oxide dispersion to 100 mL of deionized water, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5-1 hour, adding aqueous ammonia, adjusting pH, adding solution into a hydrothermal kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, at 100-200 degrees C, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering reaction solution, washing filtered product, and drying under vacuum at 50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate material contains transparent conductive glass, metal substrate, carbon material substrate or polyethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The composite material has thickness of 10-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent or dodecyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The electrode has sheet resistance of 44.8-551.8 Omega /square, and electrical conductivity of 1.92-23.8 ms/m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the metal sulfide is tin, zinc, indium, silicon, copper, germanium, antimony or molybdenum. The metal sulfide is tin(IV) sulfide, indium(III) sulfide, zinc sulfide, copper sulfide, germanium sulfide, antimony sulfide, molybdenum sulfide or copper indium sulfide. The transparent conductive substrate is conductive glass or conductive plastic film. Preferred Process: The precursor solution is coated on the transparent conductive substrate by casting, drip coating, spin coating, dip-coating, screen printing or inkjet printing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive material is nanometer oxide composed of (in wt.%) boron oxide (25-35), bismuth oxide (35-55), aluminum oxide (0-5), silicon dioxide (0.05-5), titanium dioxide (0-5), nickel oxide (0.05-4), zinc oxide (15-35), gallium oxide (0.5-10), lanthanum oxide (0.05-3) and lithium iron phosphate (0.5-5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is phthalic acid dioctyl resin. The dispersant is sasol wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anticorrosive glue is an epoxy resin glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic insulating layer further comprises thermal conductive filler which is modified by coupling agent and comprising diamond, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The coated metal plate layer is provided with anticorrosive coating consisting of plating layer, coating layer, or anode oxide layer. The metal plate layer is stainless steel plate, iron plate, copper plate, or aluminum alloy plate. The metal plate layer has thickness of0.1-2 mm. The solar battery back board also comprises 0.01-50 mu m thick of plated zinc layer or nickel-plating layer plated on coated metal plate layer. The solar cell back plate is obtained by corona treatment. Preferred Method: The coating step comprises extrusion coating, wire bar coating, or blade coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic insulating layer has thickness of 20-100 mu m. The organic insulating layer comprises (wt.%) titanium dioxide (4-10) and polyimide (90-96).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Suzuki or Still coupling reaction of metal-containing complex of formula (II) is carried out with metal compound of formula: (HO)2B-Ar-B(OH)2 or Me3Sn-Ar-SnMe3 in the presence of palladium catalyst to obtain narrow band gap organic conjugated polymer (I). Preferred Polymer: The organic conjugated polymer is preferably of formula (1)-(3). Preferred Definitions:    M=ruthenium, rhodium or rhenium.
Preferred Definitions:    n=50-60;    m=80-120;and    R=-CH2CH2CH2CH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diameter of the microsphere is 100-500 mu m. The surface and inside of the microsphere have several holes. The diameter of the hole formed in the surface is 2-8 mu m. The porosity of the holes inside the sphere is 0.001-0.1 mu m. The ratio of dichloromethane and polyvinyl acetate is 2:1. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinkable rubber is ethylene propylene diene monomer (M-class) rubber (preferred), polyolefin elastomers and/or silicone. The thermoplastic resin is polypropylene (preferred) and/or polyamide. The weatherable layer is at least 1 (preferably at least 10) mu .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The back layer is rigid material made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing compound comprises titanium zeolite containing butyl rubber. The transparent flexible front layer is selected from polyethylene terepthalate (PET), nylons, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polybutylene terephtalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or polyphenylene oxide (PPO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon-containing layer has a surface (82) with a contact angle with water less than 30 degrees , preferably less than 20 degrees . The fuel cell component further comprises a substrate, where the carbon-containing layer is disposed over the substrate. The substrate includes an ionic conducting polymeric layer. The substrate comprises a metal plate. The ion conducting ionomer comprises a component comprising Nafion (RTM: Perfluorosulfonate ionomer), sulfonated polytrifluorostyrene, sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polybenzimidazole, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyethylenenaphthalate, polyamide and/or polyester. The ionomeric composition includes hydrophobic domains and hydrophilic domains. The ionomer is present at 30-50 wt.%. The carbon-containing layer has a ratio of sp2 to sp3 hybridized carbon of 0.8-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene is graphene or restored graphene oxide. The strong acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide and piranha solution. Preferred Property: The length of graphene is 100-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium, dodecylsulfonic acid sodium, Triton X-100 (RTM: nonionic surfactant) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymers are polyvinyl alcohol or poly (methylmethacrylate). The content of graphene is 20-90 weight%. The content of polymer solution is 10-80 weight%. Preferred Properties: The graphene fiber has electric conductance of 10-100 S/cm, electrochemical capacity of 100-300 F/g and porosity of 1000-2000 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The glass is processed by sodium hydroxide solution soaking, and water washing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The structural plate comprises stainless steel plate with thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm. The thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.8-1.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thickness of the resin layer formed on surface of the metal film is 10-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The material is reacted in emulsification kettle with clamping sleeve. The kettle includes high speed cutting motor with rotating speed of 1080 revolutions per minute and low speed dispersion motor with rotating speed of 50-60 revolutions per minute. The emulsification kettle clamping sleeve is capable of adjusting temperature in kettle through cooling water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin aqueous emulsion comprises less than or equal to 0.2 wt.% organic volatile matter. The total amount of epoxy resin and emulsifier is at least 49.5 mass%. One of emulsifier is prepared by reacting epoxy resin and high polymer polyoxyethylene for 24 hours at special reaction condition, in which aqueous emulsion does not any have amphipathic property of current emulsifier and retains epoxy group. The epoxy emulsifier lipophilic group and epoxy resin have completely identical molecular structure, thus intermiscibility of epoxy emulsifier with epoxy resin is better. The stable epoxy emulsifier can be obtained under low emulsifier use dosage, such that when epoxy emulsifier serves as glass fiber film forming agent during post-work procedure, epoxy group takes part in curing reaction to reduce migration of emulsifier in composite and improve performance of composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The resin mixture further comprises antioxidant, stabilizer, hardening agent, lubricant and ultraviolet anti-aging agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclic polymer monomer is caprolactam. The cyclic oligomeric polymer is cyclic polybutylene terephthalate oligomer. The fiber is long fiber. The long fiber is glass fiber, polymer fiber, carbon fiber, hemp fiber or bamboo fiber. The content of fiber is 30-80 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Inorganic filler is added for filling modification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fifth layer is polyester film. The fifth layer material is polyester film, polyoxyethylene, and/or thermoplastic polyurethane. The polyester comprises polyphenyl dioctyl phthalate 2-6C alkylene glycol, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyterephthalic acid propanediol ester, polyterephthalic acid butanediol ester, polyterephthalic acid hexanediol ester, polyphthalic acid glycol ester, polyphthalic acid propanediol ester, polyphthalic acid butanediol ester, polyphthalic acid hexanediol ester, and polybasic copolymer and polymer blend of binary acid and dihydric alcohol. It comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polynaphthylene phthalate 2-6C alkylene glycol, and polybasic copolymer and polymer blend of binary acid and dihydric alcohol. The upper and lower surfaces of polyester film are subjected to activating treatment, which comprises coating, corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment, silane coupling agent treatment, surface grafting, and acid-base corrosion activation. The thickness of the fourth layer is 10-300, preferably 50-100 mu m. The base film layer is polyester film. The bonding layer is polyethylene and ethylene-based copolymer, polypropylene, modified polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, acrylic resin, and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin. Layer(s) of solar cell assembly backplanes is subjected to melt extrusion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further comprises macromolecular gel chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amide is acetamide, propionamide and/or isobutyramide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The grid structure comprises a cover made of polyethylene and polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid solution contains 68-99 %mass of nitric acid or 68-99 %mass of acetic acid. Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide powder has mean grain size of 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and/or or cellulose powder. The surfactant is polyethylene glycol, terpineol, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, acetylacetone, and/or polyethylene glycol isooctyl phenyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate and petroleum ether. The dispersant is polyethylene wax, zinc stearate and/or microcrystalline wax. The organic solvent is chosen from carbitol, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, petroleum ether and/or terpilenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acrylic ester is acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate or acrylic acid. The absorbent is acetal or ketal. The acetal or ketal is of structures (I)-(VI). The chain initiator is azo isobutyl cyanate or 2,2-dimethoxy-2-acetophenone.R1, R2=H, Me, Et, propyl, Bu or isopropyl;R3, R4=Me, Et, propyl, isopropyl or Bu; andR5=methylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron-accepting material is fullerene or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heteroaryl structure in monomeric unit of polymer block (A) and polymer block (B) having group having thiophen ring at least one in portion of chemical structure. The polymer block (A) or polymer block (B) has monomer units of formula: -a-b-. The polymer block (B) is random copolymer.a=group chosen from 8 groups e.g. groups of formulae (I)-(V);b=group chosen from 11 groups e.g. groups of formulae (VI)-(X), preferably chosen from 11 groups e.g. groups of formulae (XI)-(XV);V1=N(-NR1-), O(-O-) or S(-S-);V2=C-(CR12)-, N-NR1-, Si-(SiR12)- or -Ge(GeR12)-;V3=aryl or -(Ar)q-;V4=N(-NR1-), O(-O-) or C(-CR2=CR2-);V5=O or S;R1=1-18C alkyl;R2=H or 1-18C alkyl;R3=1-18C alkyl or optionally substituted alkoxy;R4=H, halo, optionally substituted 1-18C alkyl or aryl;R5=optionally substituted 1-18C alkyl or aryl, alkyl carbonyl or alkyloxycarbonyl;R6=H or halo;p=1-3;andq=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer dispersion further contains 0.01-10 parts weight of surfactant and 200 parts weight of pigment with respect to 100 parts weight of fluorinated polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer dispersion is obtained by dispersing 100 parts weight of fluorinated polymer in 100-2000 parts weight of water. The fluorinated polymer is vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, perfluoro(ethylvinylether), perfluoro propylvinyl ether, perfluoro hexylvinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan. The fluorinated polymer is non-functionalized fluoropolymer produced by emulsion polymerization. The polymer has particle size of 10 mu m or less, melting point of 80-175 degrees C and weight average molecular weight of 50000-1000000. The polymer film is acrylic film, polyolefin film, polyamide film, polyurethane film or polyester film. The polyester film is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polybutylene terephthalate film. The resin layer has thickness of 1-50 mu m. The substrate has thickness of 50-500 mu m. The back sheet further has primer layer. The resin layer further contains filler, ultraviolet stabilizer and thermal stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Multicharged ion conductive material contains quat.-ammonium salt of formula (A3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: X1, X2, X3 or X4 of multicharged ion conductive material is polymerized, and another part is bonded to component C. Multicharged ion conductive material is impregnated to porous base material (G).R18, R19=1-10 C alkyl group or 4-7C cycloalkyl group;R18+R19=ring;W3, W4=H, 1-10C alkyl group, fluoroalkyl group, alkoxy group, or 1-6C fluoroalkoxy group which may pass 1-3C alkylene group, 2-3C alkenylene group, or 2-10C alkenyl group as coupling group; and(Z6)-=1-10C alkyl sulfonic acid ion, fluoroalkyl sulfonic acid ion, alkoxy sulfonic acid ion, fluoroalkoxy sulfonic acid ion, alkoxyalkylene sulfonic acid ion, fluoroalkoxyalkylene sulfonic acid ion, bis (alkyl sulfonyl)imide ion, bis(fluoro sulfonyl)imide ion, bis(fluoroalkyl sulfonyl)imide ion, fluoroalkyl sulfonyl(fluoro sulfonyl)imide ion, acetate ion, fluoroalkyl carboxylate ion, perchlorate ion, tetrafluoroboric acid ion, tetracyano borate ion, fluoroalkyl(trifluoro)borate ion, fluoroalkoxy(trifluoro)borate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, hexafluoroarsenate ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, or iodide ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diamine component further comprises 1,6-hexanediamine, and the mixture of 1,9-nonanediamine and 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine. The molar ratio of 1,6-hexanediamine, and the mixture of 1,9-nonanediamine and 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine is 1:99-99:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The relative viscosity of polyamide resin solution having concentration of 1 g/dl, at 25 degrees C is 1.8-6, measured using 96% sulfuric acid as solvent. The temperature difference of 1% weight reduction temperature of polyamide resin in thermogravimetric analysis measured with the temperature increase rate of 10 degrees C/minute under nitrogen atmosphere, and melting point of polyamide resin measured by differential scanning calorific value method measured with the temperature increase rate of 10 degrees C/minute under nitrogen atmosphere, is 50 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The urethane resin has aliphatic polycarbonate polyol as structural component. The mass ratio of the urethane resin and block isocyanate is 1/9-9/1. Preferred Properties: The ratio of light absorbency (A1460) of peak of 1460 cm-1 vicinity and the light absorbency (A1530) of peak of 1530 cm-1 vicinity of the application layer derived from an aliphatic polycarbonate component is 0.50-1.55 by infrared-spectroscopy spectrum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the composition: a triblock polymer precursor is first made and then converted into the triblock polymer electrolyte; a triblock copolymer was made by performing a palladium-catalyzed chain-growth polymerization using fluorene monomers (A) and (B). Preferred Components: The polyelectrolyte has a structure of formula (-(A)x-(B1)y-(A)x-) (I) or (-(B1)y-(A)x-(B1)y) (II). The polydispersity of the triblock is 1.3-1.8. In the device, the number average molar mass of the triblock polyelectrolytes is 3-150 kDa. The triblock polyelectrolyte comprises an electron injection layer. The polyelectrolytes are made by quaternization of a neutral triblock all-conjugated polymer. The triblock polyelectrolyte possesses amphiphilic properties. The fluorene monomer (A) has a structure of formula (A1), and the fluorene monomer (B) has a structure of formula (B2).(A)x = divalent group of formula (P);R1, R2 = alkylchain (-CnH(2n+1));(B1)y = divalent group of formula (Q);R3, R4 = substituted alkyl chain (-(CH2)nR5);R5 = (-N+(CH3)3F-), (-N+(CH3)3Br-), (-N(CH3)3I-), (-N(C2H5)3F-), (-N+(C2H5)3Br-), (-N+(C2H5)I-), (pyridine+Br-), or (pyridine+I-);R6, R7 = substituted alkyl chain (-(CH2)nCl), (-(CH2)nBr), or (-(CH2)nI);n = 1-30; andx, y = 6-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass substrate is provided with suede, which is film coating layer formed on glass substrate. Preferred Method: The thermal processing is performed at 120-200 degrees C for 3-6 minutes. The tempering temperature is performed at 680-720 degrees C for 3-6 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silica sol is sol obtained by acid catalyzing, alkaline catalyzing, or acid-alkaline catalyzing. It has particle size of 10-80 nm. The titanium dioxide sol is acid catalyzing or alkaline catalyzing sol with particle diameter of 5-30 nm. The aluminum sesquioxide sol is acid catalyzing or alkaline catalyzing sol with particle diameter of 2-30 nm. The zirconium dioxide sol is acid catalyzing or alkaline catalyzing sol with particle diameter of 4-30 nm. The silica is 1.5-5 vol.% of silica sol. The titanium dioxide is 1-5 vol.% of titanium dioxide sol. The zirconium dioxide is 0.5-3 vol.% zirconium dioxide sol. The oxide is 0.5-3 vol.% of cerium dioxide, magnesium oxide and/or aluminum oxide sol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizing agent is at least one of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, zirconate coupling agent, triethanolamine, or glacial acetic acid. The surface modifier is at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, methyltriethoxy silane, or fluorosilane. The volatilization controlling agent is at least one of glycerol, ethylene glycol, butanol, or polyvinyl alcohol. The processing auxiliary ingredient is at least one of delusterant, defoamer, or film-coating adjusting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnetic nano particle modifier is nano nickle oxide, nano iron oxide or nano cobalt oxide. The surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Tween 80 (RTM: Poly sorbate 80) or dodecyl sodium sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The oxide powder has specific surface area of 100 m2/g. Preferred Method: Titanium alkoxide and acetic acid are mixed in molar ratio of 1:1, stirred for 30 minutes, and reacted. The mixture is hydrolyzed, and nitric acid is added. The mixture is hydrothermally reacted. Ethyl cellulose and terpilenol are continuously added and dispersed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal comprises calcium or strontium. The lanthanide element comprises neodymium or dysprosium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first polymer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle diameter of the silver powder and tap density are 0.1-2 microns and 4-5 g/cc. The glass powder is a mixture of boron oxide, lead oxide, vanadium pentoxide, silicon oxide, and aluminum oxide. The softening point of the glass powder is 458 degrees C. The organic phase is ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, rosin, stearate, or terpineol. The organic solvent is propylene glycol ether, propylene glycol ester, butanone, carbitol, ethylene glycol, Butyl carbitol ester (RTM: Acetate solvent). The oxide is bismuth, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, tantalum pentoxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder is silicon-boron-aluminum-lead-oxygen-type glass having softening temperature of 440-560 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The grain size of conductive ultra-fine silver powder is 0.1-10 mu m, and the shape is spherical or quasi-spherical. The thick film-forming silver slurry has fineness of 5-15 mu m, and viscosity of 140-220 Pa.second. Preferred Composition: The weight of grinding agent added during pre-processed ball milling of conductive ultra-fine silver powder and glass powder is 10-30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic phase is solvent and tackifier. The solvent is chosen from terpineol, carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate and citrate. The tackifier is chosen from cellulose and butyl cellulose. The weight ratio of the solvent and tackifier is 20:1-5:1. The grinding agent is chosen from ethanol, isopropanol, trolamine and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass powder is lead-free glass powder, bismuth trioxide-boron trioxide-silicon dioxide glass powder or bismuth trioxide-boron trioxide-zinc oxide glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic additive is zinc oxide or boric oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises (in wt.%) ethyl cellulose (8-15) having standard-10, tri-n-butyl ester (8-35) and remainder of butyl carbitol acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant is Tego 710 (RTM: Urethane copolymer solution). The defoaming agent is Tego 986 (RTM: Polymer solution with trace of silicone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The conductive agent is carbon-silicon-titanium conductive ceramics whose residual content in multi-hole sieve is less than 0.3%. The carbon-silicon-titanium conductive ceramics contain (in parts weight) titanium (8-15), carbon (35-55) and silicon (25-40). The ceramic composite material is mesoporous composite ceramic whose residual content in multi-hole sieve is less than 0.3%. The ceramic composite material contains silicon dioxide (46-62), aluminum oxide (9-18), magnesium oxide (3-9) and calcium oxide (12-18). Preferred Process: The carbon-silicon-titanium conductive ceramic is formed by mixing titanium, silicon and carbon powder in a molar ratio of 2.8:1.2:1, ball-milling, adding aluminum powder and/or nickel powder as a reaction auxiliary agent and heating resultant mixture at 1250-1280 degrees C. The ceramic composite material is formed by ball-milling and mixing acidic stone material (30-45 parts weight), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (45-50 parts weight) and superfine silicon carbide powder (10-20) and heating the resultant mixture at 1300 degrees C. Preferred Structure: The honeycomb structure of accumulator grid comprises hexagonal pores, pentagonal pores and/or quadrilateral pores.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The dielectric material is formed by mixing polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water in a weight ratio of 50:1-2.5:400-500, heating obtained mixture at 50-80 degrees C and cooling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight distribution of polypropylene resin composition is 3-10. The melt flow rate of polypropylene resin composition is 0.4-9. Preferred Composition: The isotacticy of polypropylene resin contained in polypropylene resin composition is preferably 92-98%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weatherable layer further contains carbon black or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of acrylic-based polymer is more than 50 weight%, preferably more than 90 weight%. The acrylic-based polymer is in a form of a powder coating of polymethylmethacrylate or a liquid coating of acrylic latex emulsion. Preferred Properties: The weatherable layer is opaque, colored or black. The thickness of the weatherable layer is 1 micron or more, preferably 20 microns or more. Preferred Component: The acrylic-based polymer is polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive pellets include pellets of amorphous conductive material. The amorphous conductive material is amorphous carbon, amorphous lead or glassy metal. The volume ratio of the pellets with respect to matrix is 0-10%. The substrate further has secondary conductive foil attached to the secondary surface of the matrix. Preferred Property: The size of the conductive pellets is 0.1-2 mm, preferably 0.3-1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary or secondary polymer matrix is made of thermoplastic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic material contains fluororesin comprising polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether)copolymer and/or polyvinylidene fluoride. Preferred Property: The organic material has refractive index of 1.3-1.65.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The epoxy compound is epoxy compound having hydrolyzable silyl group, trimethylol propane polyglycidyl ether or glycerol triglycidyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The functional group reactive with the epoxy group is carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and/or amino group. The resin (A) is obtained by reacting aromatic ring structure-containing polyester polyol and polycarbonate polyol with polyisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of fluorovinylether comonomer 0.01-5 wt.%. The fluorine comonomer contains tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene or chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bonding units include at least one type selected from the group consisting metal oxide, metal nitride, and metal oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The permeation suppression unit includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of epoxy resin, a silicon resin, an acrylic resin, a fluoric resin, a melamine resin, a phosphazene resin, and a polyisobutylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric layer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyester, polyimides and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layers are made of copper, tin, silver, nickel, gold, platinum, titanium, vanadium and chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier comprises polymeric material made of polyester. The carrier layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyester, polyethelene naphthalate, and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane is made of a material selected from a group consisting of rubber, polypropylene and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The moisture-proof film (A) is a film having at least one layer containing a resin composition comprising cyclic olefin-type polymer, and inorganic layer on single surface of a base material. The adhesive bond layer comprises adhesive agent essentially containing polycarbonate polyol, polyether polyol, acrylic polyol, polyurethane polyol, and/or polyester polyol. Preferred Properties: The laminated moisture-proof film further has an inorganic layer. The water-vapor-permeation rate of laminated moisture-proof film is 80% or less of (WTR(A)x WTR(B))/(WTR(A)+WTR(B)). The water-vapor-permeation rate of moisture-proof film (A) is more than 0.6 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%. The water-vapor-permeation rate of moisture-proof film (B) is more than 0.001-0.05 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: Polyimide has oxygen index of more than 22%. Preferred Composition: Polyimide is obtained by reacting aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid component and diamine component, each having purity of 99% or more. The precursor contains 70 mol% or more of tetracarboxylic acid component (a) capable of forming repeating unit (I) and 30 mol% or less of tetracarboxylic acid component other than component (a). The precursor contains 70 mol% or more of diamine component (b) capable of forming repeating unit (I) and 30 mol% or less of diamine component other than component (b). Preferred Definitions:    A=groups of formulae (III-1) to (III-4);    R1=direct bond, O, S, CH2, -C(CH3)2, SO2, Si(CH3)2 or C(CF3)2;    R2-R4=CH2, CH2CH2, O or S;    B'=group of formula (IV-1), -Ar1-NH-C(=O)-(Ar2-NH-C(=O))n1-Ar3-, -Ar4-NH-C(=O)-Ar5-C(=O)-NH-(Ar6-NH-C(=O)-Ar7-C(=O)-NH)n2-Ar8- or -Ar9-C(=O)-NH-(Ar10-NH-C(=O)-Ar11-C(=O)-NH)n3-Ar12-NH-C(=O)-Ar13-;    Ar1-Ar15=bivalent group having 6-18C aromatic ring;    n1-n3=0-5;and    R5=H or monovalent organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of sodium in n-side electrode and p-side electrode is preferably 10 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The solar cell module has filler layer formed using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating layer of the anode lead is aluminum oxide coating layer made of the aluminum, the cathode lead is copper or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flake type battery cell has a resin layer and a metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fatty amine is of formula: CnH2n+1-NH-R1.R1=H or CmH2mNH2, preferably CmH2mNH2;m=1-4;andn=8-25, preferably 12-20.The fatty amine is N-lauryl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-myristyl 1,3-diaminopropane, N-cetyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-stearyl 1,3-diaminopropane, N-icosyl 1,3-diaminopropane and N-tallow alkyl-1,3-diaminopropane. The sealing film further contains a crosslinking adjuvant, which is triaryl isocyanurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonyl compound is trichloroacetaldehyde, 1-chloroacetone, 1,1-dichloroacetone, 1,3-dichloroacetone, 1,1,1-trichloroacetone, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexachloroacetone, vinyl chloroacetate, methyl dichloroacetate, methyl trichloroacetate, (2Z)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid, 3,4-dichlorofuran-2,5-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzo-1,4-quinone or 2,3-dichlorobenzo-1,4-quinone. Preferred Process: A coating layer containing phosphate is provided on at least one portion of surface of positive-electrode active material. The positive electrode and negative electrode are laminated through a separator (23) having porous membrane as base material layer, and high-molecular compound layer provided on at least one surface of base material layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high-molecular compound layer contains polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The barrier layer of transparent gas barrier film consists of aluminum oxide (AlnOx), aluminum oxide (AlOx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SinNx), silicon nitride (SiNx), titanium oxide (TiOx), niobium oxide (NbnOx), niobium oxide (NbOx), tantalum oxide (TanOx where n and x is arbitrary real numbers), tantalum oxide (TaOx), zirconium oxide (ZrOx), magnesium oxide (MgOx) and zinc oxide (ZnOx).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mixed gas of oxygen-containing gas, nitrogen-containing gas, and hydrocarbon-containing gas is used in transparent gas barrier layer forming process. Preferred Processes: At least 1 part of laminated body is covered with transparent gas barrier film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The urethane resin contains aliphatic polycarbonate polyol as structural component. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the urethane resin and the blocked isocyanate in application layer is 1/9-9/1. Preferred Property: In infrared spectroscopy spectrum of application layer, the ratio of peak of light absorbency (A1460) of 1460 cm-1 vicinity derived from aliphatic polycarbonate component and the peak of light absorbency (A1530) of 1530 cm-1 vicinity derived from urethane component is 0.50-1.55.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second region is arranged on a side of the photovoltaic element, which is provided for an orientation towards the sun or other source of light. The luminescent material is embedded in the matrix made of inorganic, organic-inorganic and/or organic components. The photovoltaic element comprises a third region located on the side between the first region and a reflector layer (5), away from the sun or other light source. The third region comprises a long-lasting luminescent material embedded in the matrix. The nano-crystalline particles in the matrix, is present in an amount of 5-40 wt.%, based on the weight of the matrix, and the thickness of the second and optionally the third region is 0.02-1 mm, preferably at least 0.7 mm. The size of the crystallites in the nano-crystalline particles is an average of less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm. The nano-crystalline particles are obtained from an alkaline earth aluminate doped with ions of a rare earth. The matrix without the embedded nano-crystalline particles, exhibits the transmittance of at least 85%, preferably 80%, in the wavelength of 450-1100 nm, preferably 400 nm to at least 1100 nm, and the transmittance of the matrix in the same wavelength decreases by more than 5%, by embedding the nano-crystalline particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix comprises an inorganic-organic or pure organic polymer material comprising ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene, polypropylene and/or an organically modified silicic acid polycondensate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active material layers and the porous layers each contain binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride. The mass ratio of the binder in the porous layer is higher than that of the active material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester in polyester composition contains 0.025-1.5 mol% of structural component having carboxylic acid group and/or 3 or more hydroxyl groups with respect to total structural components in polyester composition. Preferred Layer: The layer (P) is layer (P') comprising white pigment or black pigment as color pigment. The content of white pigment is 1-20 wt.% with respect to total content of layer (P'). The content of black pigment is 0.5-5 wt.% with respect to total content of layer (P'). When sheet-like structure is subjected to laser Raman spectroscopy in the spectrum having wavelength of 1615 cm-1, plane-orientation coefficient (R) of layer (P) in sheet-like structure satisfies a relation: R=(R(MD)+R(TD))/2 (I), where R(MD) is I(MD)/I(ND), R(TD)=I(TD)/I(ND), I(ND) is intensity in polarized-light arrangement perpendicular to film plane direction, I(MD) is intensity in polarized-light arrangement parallel to longitudinal direction of film plane, and I(TD) is intensity in polarized-light arrangement parallel to width direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode includes indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron acceptor material includes 1,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazole)-benzene (TPBi). The heterojunction photovoltaic region includes copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) to C60 interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of bi-oxy compound is 20-30000 ppm in conversion of bismuth with respect to weight of polymer electrolyte. The bismuth-oxy compound is chosen from bismuth oxychloride, bi(oxybismuth) hydroxychloride, bi(oxybismuth) chromate, bismuth oxychloride hydrate, cesium-oxybismuth chlorate, barium-bismuth oxychloride, calcium-bismuth oxychloride, bismuth oxyfluoride, calcium bismuth (carbonyl) oxyfluoride, bismuth lead oxyfluoride, bismuth oxynitrate hydrate, oxybismuth carbonate hydrate, oxybismuth carbonate hydrate, oxybismuth hydroxy nitrate, oxybismuth hexanitrate tetrahydrate, and oxybismuth hydroxy nitrate hydrate. The aqueous solution containing bismuth ion and/or oxybismuth ion of formula Bi nO mp+. The solid polymer electrolyte and water or basic aqueous solution is made to contact and all or one part of bismuth ion or oxy bismuth ion is precipitated as bismuth oxy compound.n,m,p=integers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metallic element of the organometallic compound is chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, calcium, chromium, barium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, europium, gadolinium, neodymium, silicon, aluminum, bismuth, tin, titanium, yttrium, zirconium, silver, phosphorus, molybdenum and tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, terpene, formate ester and fluorine-type solvent. The organometallic compound is chosen from metal dionate, metal phthalocyanine, metalloporphyrin and carboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The inorganic-organic composite solid electrolyte further involves swelling of water before making the solid polymer electrolyte contact with additive solution. Preferred Composition: The solid polymer electrolyte is block copolymer having hydrophobic block which consists of hydrocarbon-type polymer and hydrophilic block which consists of hydrocarbon-type polymer or a fluorine-type polymer arranged in a line at random or regularly. Preferred Property: The pH of the aqueous solution is 3-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal silver powder comprises mixture of unshaped silver powder, sheet silver powder and spherical silver powder in a mass ratio of 6-7.5:1-3:0-1. The glass adhesive comprises lead-free glass as main component which is boron oxide powder (B2O3)-zinc oxide (ZnO)-bismuth oxide powder (Bi2O3) having D50 value of 3 or less, and softening point at 430-480 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic resin is chosen from ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral and rosin. The organic solvent is chosen from diethylene glycol butyl ether, isopropanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, terpineol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, benzyl alcohol and tributyl citrate. The rheology auxiliary agent is chosen from dibutyl phthalate, castor oil modified derivative, modified organic silicon, and lecithin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The fluorine layer comprises PTFE resin and titanium pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light scattering medium comprises gold nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, silicon dioxide nanoparticles, indium-tin oxide nanoparticles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles, transparent conductive oxide nanoparticles and monolayered or multilayered carbon nanotubes. Preferred Process: The method involves surface-treating flexible substrate. The surface treating involves plasma treatment, corona treatment, ozone treatment or chemical treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, propylene glycol methyl ether and/or cyclohexanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ink comprises (in wt.%) nanosilver (0.1-2), polymer binder (5-10), organic solvent (78-94.9) and light scattering medium (0-20). The polymer binder is polyurethane, polyurethane curing agent, thermosetting epoxy resin curing agent, silicone resin or silicone oil. The flexible substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene or polypropylene. Preferred Process: The ink is obtained by mixing organic solvent, polymer binder and light scattering medium and nanosilver. Preferred Properties: The nanosilver wire has diameter, length and an aspect ratio of 20-60 nm, 5-50 mu m and more than 100, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The electrode connecting device is shaped insulating piece made of ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The shaped insulating piece is coated with a layer of metal shielding cover, and end part of the shielding cover is provided with a flange plate. The shielding cover is electrode connecting device made of stainless steel metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrode connecting device is shaped insulating piece made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amount of mixed alcohol, aluminum trichloride, alkoxysilane, polymerization inhibitor and coalescing agent is respectively 55-75%, 2-8%, 8-15%, 2-15% and 6-15%. The alkoxysilane is tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane or methyl triethoxysilane. The coating is coated on a photovoltaic glass surface by using roller coating, dip coating or spray coating, preheating and high temperature curing to form a layer of 100-200 nm with an anti-reflection film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is calcium carbonate, mica, talc powder, titanium white, silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, and/or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is amide curing agent, anhydride curing agent, and/or isocyanate. The organic filler is UV absorbent, antiaging agent, and/or anti-hydrolysis stabilizer. The solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, and/or ethyl butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weather-resistant resin is epoxy resin, amino resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, fluorocarbon resin, and/or polyimide resin. The substrate is polyamide layer, polymethyl methacrylate layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, polyethylene naphthalate layer, PTFE layer, polyvinylidene fluoride layer, polyvinyl fluoride layer, polyethylene layer, polypropylene layer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, release paper layer, ceramic layer, aluminum layer, copper layer, or steel layer. The weather-resistant high heat conductivity coating is 5-1000 mu m thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: At least one portion of the laminate of organic electroluminescent element is coated with the transparent gas-barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-containing layer further contains oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder phase contains nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin metallic wire comprises metal nanowire or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The transparent resin layer (C) is porous layer having pore diameter of 0.5 nm to 1 mu m. The thickness of transparent resin layer (C) is 5 nm to 1 mu m. The transparent resin layer (C) has contact angle of 75 degrees or less, with respect to water in the surface. Preferred Components: The transparent resin layer (C) contains binder containing silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the crosslinking agent with respect to the silane coupling agent is 0.2-0.5. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide. The organic peroxide is dialkyl organic peroxide. The silane coupling agent is methacryloyloxy group silane coupling agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum phosphate is 1-33 parts mass. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the aluminum phosphate is 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermal fusion layer contains resin composition containing acid-modified polyolefin (100 parts mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron transport layer comprises imide derivative, quinone derivative, viologen derivative, and/or phenoxyl derivative. The electrolyte solution is aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The charge transporter is water-soluble polymer of nitroxide radical compound having organic acid salt or organic base salt, preferably poly(tetramethyl piperidinoxy)methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The color pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin-type polymer layer is colored layer containing color pigment. The composition for forming olefin-type polymer layer contains ether-type polyurethane resin (8 %mass or less, preferably 2-5 %mass) with respect to the total content of olefin-type binder. The olefin-type polymer layer of base film is arranged on the surface of opposite side to the near surface, and has weatherproof layer containing fluorine resin and silicone-acryl composite resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of olefin-type polymer layer is 30 mu m or less. The olefin-type binder has elasticity modulus of 320 MPa or less. The light reflecting power of near surface of base film at wavelength of 550 nm is 70 % or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Compound having halo or sulfonate group of formula: Q1-E1-Q2 (1) and compound having trialkyl tin residue of formula: T1-E2-T2 (2) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in the presence of palladium catalyst to obtain the cyclic compound.Q1,Q2=halo, alkyl sulfonate, aryl sulfonate or arylalkyl sulfonate;E1=structural unit chosen from formulae (I)-(IV);T1,T2=trialkyl tin residue;E2=structural unit chosen from formulae: -(Ar1)-, and formulae (III),(IV);Y'=groups chosen from groups of formulae (a)-(h);Z=-S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2, -O-, -Se-, -Te-, -C(-R30)=C(-R31)-, -N(-R32)-, -B(-R33)-, Si(-R34)(-R35)-;R10-R20,R30-R35=H or substituent;Ar1=-CC-, -C(Ra')=C(Ra')-, -N=N-, hetero arylene optionally substituted by -C(Rb')=N-, optionally substituted arylene;Ra',Rb'=H or substituent;r,rr=0 or 1;Ar2-Ar5=heteroarylene or arylene (both optionally substituted);andAr6-Ar8=aryl or heteroaryl (both optionally substituted).Preferred Property: The compound is high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 3000 or more. EXAMPLE - 5,3'-Diiodo-10,10,10',10'-tetramethyl-(3,5')bi(4-thia-tricyclo(5.2.2.02,6)undecyl)-2,5,8,2',5',8'-hexaene (157 mg) and (2,8-bis(octyloxy)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane (185 mg) were reacted in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (13 mg) and distilled toluene (4 ml) were reacted at 90 degrees C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into methanol. The orange precipitate produced was filter-collected, and washed with methanol and hexane to obtain a high molecular compound (118 mg) with yield of 60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The conductive carbon layer is arranged between electrolyte layer and opposing substrate (4), preferably fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The carbon particles are solid and non-oxidized carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The binder resin is mixture of resin cellulose, isocyanate and isocyanate catalyst. The binder resin is polyamidoimide. The conductive polymer is chosen from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester resin is obtained by carrying out solid-state polymerization of raw resin, and the ethylene glycol gas concentration during start of solid-state polymerization is more than the ethylene glycol gas concentration during finish of solid-state polymerization by 200-1000 ppm. The water vapor concentration of polyester resin during start of solid-state polymerization is more than the water vapor concentration of polyester resin during finish of solid-state polymerization by 100-500 ppm. The raw resin is dried at 130-180 degrees C in dry tank, before solid-state polymerization. The base material is formed by biaxial extruder provided with screw having diameter of more than 140 mm. Preferred Composition: The application layer contains acryl-type resin, urethane-type resin, polyester-type resin or polyolefin-type resin. The sum total content of carboxylic acid group and hydroxyl group in base material is 0.005-2.5 mol%. The base material contains terminal blocker (0.1-5 %mass) comprising isocyanate compound, carbodiimide compound and/or epoxy compound, and titanium element (2-50 ppm). Preferred Properties: The thickness of application layer is 0.05-1.5 mu m. The base material has intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-0.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting compound is compound having fullerene structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material which forms photoelectric conversion element contains electron donor comprising organic compound or conjugated polymer compound, and electron-accepting compound comprising organic compound. The conjugated polymer compound is high-molecular compound having thiophene structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The color pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The olefin-type binder is acid-modified olefin-type binder. The molar ratio of olefin unit and acidic unit in olefin-type binder is 99.9:0.1-90:10. The olefin-type binder has an ethylene unit in principal chain, and (meth)acrylic acid ester unit. The amount of coating containing color pigment with respect to the base film is 3-20 g/m2. The volume fraction of color pigment with respect to the sum total of volume of all binder resin and crosslinking agent is 20-200%. The crosslinking agent is water-soluble compound (C1) having an oxazoline group, preferably copolymer having (meth)acrylic acid ester unit. The mass ratio of compound (C1) with respect to the olefin-type binder is 10-30%. Preferred Process: The acid-modified olefin-type binder is obtained by performing acid modification using (meth)acrylic acid. Preferred Property: The olefin-type binder has melting point of 75 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The olefin-type polymer layer is formed into a film by coating. The olefin-type polymer layer and the base film are directly contacted. The easily-adhesive sheet further has layer(s) (17) containing polyester-based resin as main component between the olefin-type polymer layer and the base film, and weatherproof layer (12,14) containing fluorine resin and/or silicone-acryl composite resin, on surface opposite to surface where the olefin-type polymer layer is arranged. Preferred Composition: The olefin-type polymer layer contains solvent residual content of 0.05 %mass or less. Preferred Properties: The olefin-type polymer layer and layer(s) (17) have thickness of 30 mu m or less and less than 2 mu m, respectively. Surface where colored layer of the base film is arranged has light-reflecting power of 65% or more at wavelength of 550 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal carbide is titanium carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nano composite material is supported on flexible polymer substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves (f) separating the silver powder particles from the final aqueous solution, (g) washing the silver powder particles using deionized water, and (h) drying the silver powder particles. In step (c), the temperature is 10-35 degrees C and in step (e), the temperature is 65-75 degrees C. Preferred Components: The water soluble silver salt is silver nitrate and the reducing agent is ascorbic acid. The acidic aqueous reducing and particle modifier solution further comprises metal colloid chosen from gold colloid and silver colloid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves separating the silver powder particles from the final aqueous solution, washing the silver powder particles with deionized water, and drying the silver powder particles. The step (c) is performed at 10-35 degrees C. The step (e) is performed at 65-75 degrees C. Preferred Components: The base is sodium hydroxide. The water soluble silver salt is silver nitrate. The reducing agent is ascorbic acid. The pH of the acidic aqueous reducing and particle modifier solution is adjusted to 3-5. The acidic aqueous reducing and particle modifier solution further comprises metal colloid chosen from gold colloid and silver colloid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The packaging bag is aluminum plastic film, or aluminum shell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electronic insulating film is made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivation layer is made of from one of the following group such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The passivation layer is made of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The porous polypropylene film has 5%-shrinkage temperature of 130 degrees C or more along the width direction, gas permeability-resistance value of 50-500 seconds/100 ml and stab elongation of 2.5 mm or more at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The copper nanopaste is coated on substrate chosen from silicon substrate, polymeric substrate, glass substrate and printed circuit board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A liquid mixture comprising terpineol, dihydroterpineol and neodecanoate is prepared during the manufacture of the nanopaste. Dioctyl phthalate and surfactant are further added to the liquid mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Ethyl cellulose, butylmethacrylate-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, butyl carbitol, cellulose acetate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is added in the liquid mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbodiimide-type compound is bis-carbodiimide or aromatic polycarbodiimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface layer further contains 0.1-2 parts weight of white pigment with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic polyester (a). The content of white pigment in base material layer is 1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic polyester (b1). The white pigment is titanium oxide. Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic polyester has intrinsic viscosity of 0.55-0.80 dl/g, and terminal carboxyl group concentration of 5-25 equivalent/ton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbodiimide-type compound is bis-carbodiimide or aromatic polycarbodiimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface layer further contains 0-2 parts weight of white pigment with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic polyester (a1). The content of ultraviolet absorber in surface layer is 0.1-10 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic polyester (a1). The content of carbodiimide-type compound and white pigment in base material layer is 0.3-2.5 parts weight and 1-10 parts weight respectively, with respect to 100 parts weight of thermoplastic polyester (b1). Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight of ultraviolet absorber in surface layer is 500-1500. The thermoplastic polyester has intrinsic viscosity of 0.55-0.80 dl/g, and terminal carboxyl group concentration of 5-25 equivalent/ton. The weight reduction ratio of ultraviolet absorber is 1% or less, when heat-processed at room temperature to 250 degrees C, with temperature increase rate of 10 degrees C/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The coating composition further contains water-soluble resin and metal oxide particles with number average particle diameter of 1-400 nm. Preferred Process: The manufacture of functional coating film further involves condensing, curing under basic atmosphere and drying film at 20 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The covering plate is made of a scratch-proof plastic film that is designed as a plexiglas (RTM: polymethyl methacrylate) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer particle is polymer emulsion particle obtained by polymerizing hydrolyzable silicon compound, vinyl monomer, and emulsifier in polymerization undiluted solution containing water. The coating composition contains metal oxide particle with number average particle diameter of 1-400 nm. The content rate of the water-phase component of polymer particle is less than or equal to 15 mass%. Preferred Process: The manufacture of functional coating film includes adding and preparing coating composition containing hydrolyzable silicon containing compound, water, acidic catalyst, polymer particle and metal oxide particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber reinforced composite material is formed as a matrix material selected from a group consisting of polyurethane, polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin or silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The liquid containing the high molecular compound and solvent is coated on an electrode. The deoxidation process involves introducing nitrogen. Preferred Composition: The concentration of oxygen in the solvent is 25 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound has structural unit of formula (I), and further contains structural units chosen from formulae (II-1)-(II-10) and structural unit of formula (III).Ar1,Ar2=trivalent aryl;Z=-O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -CR1R2-, -S(=O)-, -SO2-, -Si(R3)(R4)-, -N(R5)-, -B(R6)-, -P(R7)- or -P(=O)(R8)-;R1-R8=H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, aryl alkoxy, aryl alkylthio, acyl, acyloxy, amide, imide, imino, optionally substituted amino, substituted silyl, substituted silyloxy, substituted silyl thio, substituted silylamino, monovalent heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl oxy, heterocyclyl thio, aryl alkenyl, aryl alkynyl, carboxy, or cyano;n=1 or 2;R21-R42=H or substituent;X21-X30=S, O, or selenium;X1,X2=N or =CH-;Y1=X21, -N(R43)-, or -CR44=CR45-;R43-R45=R21;andW1,W2=cyano, fluoro-substituted monovalent organic group, halo, or H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating base material consists of one type or more selected from the group which consists of an ethylene vinyl acetate type-resin, a polyvinyl butyral type-resin, an epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane type resin, an olefin resin, polyester-based resin, silicone resin, a polystyrene-type resin, a polycarbonate-type resin and a rubber-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkoxysilane oligomer which has alkenyl group with double bond at the terminal is represented by formula R1O-(Si(R2)(OR1)-O)n-R1 (I).R1=1-3C alkyl group;R2=2-10C alkenyl group with double bond at the terminal; andn=2-40.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    R2=vinyl group;    n=2-20; and    R1=Me or Et.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, or LiN(ROSO2)2. The concentration of the lithium salt solution is 1 mol/kg. N.B. R is not defined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, or lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide. The carbonic ester plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate. The octaphenyl silsesquioxane octa( gamma -chloropropyl)silsesquioxane is prepared by using gamma -chloropropyl trimethoxysilane, absolute methanol and concentrated hydrochloric acid as materials through a hydrolytic condensation method; where the ratio of the absolute methanol to gamma -chloropropyl trimethoxysilane to concentrated hydrochloric acid is 100:5-10:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lithium salt solution uses carbonic ester plasticizer as solvent. The polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methyl acrylate is obtained by using the methoxypolyethylene glycol and acrylic acid as material, hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor, p-benzene methanesulfonic acid as catalyst through esterification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal foil layer is a copper foil, preferably an electrolytic copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The weatherable layer is polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride. The first and the second adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive layer. The insulating layer is a printing ink, preferably an epoxy resin ink.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The multi-size band gap quantum dot is made of cadmium selenide or cadmium sulfide/cadmium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive metal powder is aluminium powder i.e. spherical aluminium powder. Preferred Property: The spherical aluminium powder has median particle diameter of 3-6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry alkyd resin is prepared by using dry oil and acid. The dry oil is castor oil, coconut oil and/or palm oil. The organic solvent is turpentine oil, terpineol, cetyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, borneol, carbitol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, tributyl citrate and/or tributyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The multilayer photovoltaic film has a visible light transmission between about 20% and about 40%. It further comprises an infrared light reflecting layer positioned between one of the first or second plastic films and the adhesive layer. The first and second plastic films include at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The first and second plastic films include the same materials, or different materials. The first and second plastic films have a thickness of between about 50 microns and about 500 microns. Blue organic dye is PB30TP. Green organic dye is at least one of APFO Green 1 and APFO Green 2. The multilayer photovoltaic film comprises both the blue organic dye and the green organic dye. The photovoltaic conversion layer includes phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The multilayer photovoltaic film further comprises a first electroconductive layer positioned between the photovoltaic conversion layer and the adhesive layer; and a second electroconductive layer positioned between the photovoltaic conversion layer and one of the first and second plastic films. At least one of the first and second electroconductive layers includes at least one of poly 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) and poly 4-styrene sulfonic acid (PSS). The infrared light reflecting layer is a multilayer polymer film containing a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer where the first and second polymer layers include different polymers having refractive indices that vary by about 0.05 or less. It includes at least one layer of a semi-crystalline type of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid polyester. The multilayer photovoltaic film also comprises a glass substrate adjacent to the adhesive layer. The photovoltaic conversion layer is a bulk hetero junction type photovoltaic conversion layer; or the photovoltaic conversion layer is a photoelectric conversion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer contains solid electrolyte made of rubber material containing pyrrolidinium-type ionic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: At least a part of component A is spherical silver powder with average particle diameter of 0.5-10 mu m. Preferred Compositions: Electrically conductive composition contains 0.05-1 mass part of component B with respect to 100 mass parts of component A. Electrically conductive composition contains 2-20 mass parts of epoxy resin (C) with respect to 100 mass parts of component A e.g. bisphenol-A epoxy resin (C1) of 1500-4000 g/eq epoxy equivalent and/or polyhydric-alcohol-type glycidyl-type epoxy resin (C2) of less than or equal to 1000 g/eq epoxy equivalent. Electrically conductive composition contains 0.1-10 mass parts of fatty-acid silver salt (D) with respect to 100 mass parts of component A e.g. fatty-acid silver salt (D1) consists of carboxy silver salt group (-COOAg) and hydroxyl group (-OH) and/or polycarboxylic acid silver salt (D2) consists of greater than or equal to 3 -COOAg. Component D1 is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-n-butyric-acid silver salt and/or 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid silver salt. Component D2 is 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid silver salt. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2=Me or Et;    R3=2-10C alkylene group; and    m=2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The protection sheet is further provided with a protective layer (3) on the surface of metal oxide layer. The water-vapor permeability of protection sheet is 0.5 g/(m2.24 hours) or more. The metal oxide layer contains aluminum atom and/or silicon atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble resin contains polyvinyl alcohol-type resin. The coating composition contains metal oxide particle with number average particle diameter of 1-400 nm, and polymer particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cation (A) is chosen from hydrogen ion, lithium ion and ammonium ion. The metal salt of oxoacid is sodium salt of oxoacid. The content of oxoacid or its metal salt is 0.01-10 weight% with respect to 100 weight% of total content of oxoacid or its metal salt and inorganic laminar compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second layer comprise polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar collector has adhesive layer that is made of an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) material. The adhesive layer between the external sheet and the photovoltaic sheet comprises thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive. A translucent cover is made of an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) material. The foam includes polyisocyanurate foam material and phenolic foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent comprises isocyanurate. The triazine series UV absorbing agent is hydroxyphenyl-triazine type UV absorbing agent. The hydroxyphenyl-triazine type UV absorbing agent is 2-(2-hydroxy-4-(1-octyloxy carbonylethoxy)phenyl)-4,6-bis(4-phenyl- phenyl)-1,3,5- triazine. The light stabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizer. The polyurethane resin and isocyanate group of the curing agent has an equivalence cyanate/hydroxide ratio of is 1-5. The adhesive composition comprises (in parts mass) triazine series ultraviolet absorbing agent (4-11) and light stabilizer (0.2-5) with respect to solid content of polyurethane resin (100). The fluorine resin film is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene type copolymer film. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of depositing of the dyad includes deposition of a polymer formed of the dyad as a monomer unit connected to other monomers via the first moiety such that the donor remains polymerized upon the cleaving of the chemical bond between the first and second moieties of the dyad. In the method: heating the dyad deposited causes the cleaving of the chemical bond between the first and second moieties of the dyad; and heating the dyad deposited to above 50 degrees C causes the cleaving of the chemical bond between the first and second moieties of the dyad. The chemical bond cleaved is at an ester group of the dyad. The method further comprises synthesizing the dyad by esterification of anthracen-2-ylmethanol and 2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetic acid to provide an intermediate that is Diels-Alder coupled to a fullerene. Preferred Components: The acceptor includes fullerene (preferred) and the donor includes thiophene. The donor includes at least one of arylenevinylene, fluorene, carbazole, polyselenophene, dithieneopyrrole and benzodithiophene. The dyad is fullerene anthracen-2-yl methyl 3-(thiophen-3-yl) acetate dyad. The fullerene anthracen-2-yl methyl 3-(thiophen-3-yl) acetate dyad is a repeating monomer unit in a polymer. The dyad has an ester group and fullerene anthracen-2-yl methyl 3-(thiophen-3-yl) acetate dyad. The acceptor comprises anthracene coupled to a fullerene. The donor is a polymer and includes repeating monomer units that include thiophene. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The oxidation-reduction potential of anode with respect to normal hydrogen electrode potential at operating temperature is more than 0V to 1.5V.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide concentration apparatus supplies concentrated carbon dioxide to the cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation or anion is proton or hydroxide ion. Preferred Process: Proton and electron are produced by oxidizing water, methanol and/or dimethyl ether. The reductive reaction is performed by reacting carbon dioxide and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic mineral is chosen from oxide, nitride, carbide, boride and silicate of metals chosen from boron, silicon and potassium or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The textile structure is polyamide film. Preferred Process: The manufacture of fiber-reinforced, flat semi-finished product further involves using inorganic mineral and polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid acceptor contains magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and/or barium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Monomer compound (A) of formula (2-m) or (6-m), and monomer compound (B) of formula (3-m) or (7-m) are reacted. The groups V1 and V2 of compound (A) are reacted with groups V3 and V4 of compound (B), coupled and continuously reacted, to obtain polymer (I).V1,V2=polymerization-reactive groups.Preferred Component: The polymer further has structural unit of formula (III), preferably (VII), and structural unit of formula (IV), preferably (VIII). The structural unit (I) is structural unit of formula (V). The structural unit (II) is structural unit of formula (VI).Ar4=bivalent heteroaryl or bivalent aryl (both optionally substituted);s,t=0-6;Z1=group chosen from 9 groups e.g. group of formula -O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te- and -S(=O)-, preferably -S-;R11,R12,R13,R14=monovalent organic group optionally substituted by halo;or R11+R12=ring;W2,W3=-C(R5)= or -N=;R5=H, halo or monovalent organic group;R3,R4=H, halo, optionally branched or cyclic 1-30C alkyl (optionally substituted by halo), monovalent group (in which alkyl is optionally substituted by halo) containing alkyl other than optionally branched or cyclic 1-30C alkyl, 4-60C monovalent heterocyclyl or 6-60C aryl (both optionally substituted);Z2,Z3=Z1;R21,R22,R23,R24=R11,R12,R13,R14;or R21+R22=ring;R7,R8=R5;or R7+R8=ring;Z4=group chosen from 9 groups e.g. group of formula -O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te- and -S(=O)-;R31,R32,R33,R34=R11,R12,R13,R14;or R31+R32=ring;andY'=silicon. EXAMPLE - 7-(2-Ethyl-hexyl)-7-(2-ethyl-pentyl)-2,5-dimethyl-7H-3,4-dithia-7-sila-cyclopenta(a)pentalene (in mg) (200), 1,3-dibromo-5,5-difluoro-4H-cyclopenta(c)thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (98), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (7) and toluene (2.7 mL) were provided into a test tube with lid, reacted at 110 degrees C for 24 hours in presence of argon atmosphere, obtained product was separated, and refined by Soxhlet extraction using methanol, hexane and chloroform to obtain black solid as polymer (40%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is liquid mixture of 3-methoxy propionitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, acetonitrile and/or valeronitrile. The porous electrode contains microparticles containing semiconductor. The solvent of electrolyte solution contains ionic liquid having functional group of electron pair acceptability, and organic solvent having functional group of electron pair donation property. The cation of additive is of formula (I)-(III).R1-R6=H or 1-20C hydrocarbyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer contains porous membrane containing electrolyte solution. The porous membrane contains nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric contains polyolefin, polyester or cellulose. Another additive chosen from 2-aminopyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, N-methyl imidazole, 2,4-lutidine, 2,5- lutidine and 3,5-lutidine is further added to the electrolyte solution. Preferred Properties: The porous membrane has porosity of 80-100. The molecular weight of solvent contained in electrolyte solution is 47.36 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive material includes alloy which consists of indium, zinc, gallium, tin, or bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer includes resin containing polyolefin resin, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The lubricating agent is chosen from synthetic wax-type compound, natural wax-type compound and surfactant, preferably chosen from polyolefin wax, fatty acid metal salt, natural fatty acid ester compound, synthetic fatty acid ester compound, alkyl sulfate group surfactant and polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate group surfactant. The polymer layer further contains alkoxysilane compound and colloidal silica. Preferred Properties: The polymer layer has dynamic friction coefficient of 0.4 or less. The polymer layer contains 0.3-30 mg of mat agent having mean secondary particle diameter of 0.3-10 mu m. The near surface of polymer base material at which polymer layer is arranged is corona-treated. Preferred Method: The polymer aqueous dispersion and lubricating agent aqueous dispersion are mixed to obtain coating liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (C) contains 0.1-5 wt.% of particles with average particle diameter of 1-5 mu m. The layer (B) contains 5-30 wt.% of rutile titanium oxide particles with average particle diameter of 150-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic UV absorber is selected from one of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The magnet installed in ground electrode is a neodymium magnet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as the base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water steam barrier layer consists of aluminum foil or a vapor deposition film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive or semiconductive material comprises a metal consisting of aluminum, copper, silver, platinum, iron and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal particles are chosen from gold, copper, tin, zinc, molybdenum, silver and manganese. Preferred Property: The thickness of metal-nanoparticles sintered material layer is 0.01-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The laminate further has transparent layer containing non-polymer-type binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The conductive material is copper, aluminum, silver, carbon, acetylene carbon black or polyacene. The conductive material is in the form of a powder, a granule, filament-form, compressed or tubular, where the grain diameter is less than the thickness of PEN film. The conductive material is positive temperature coefficient material or negative temperature coefficient material. The thickness of the base film is 4-14 mu m. The thickness of the composite copper foil or aluminum foil on the upper and lower end surfaces of the base film is 1-6 mu m. The thickness of the composite film is 6-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer has a number average molecular weight of 15000 or more by polystyrene conversion. The wavelength of the light absorption terminal of the polymer is 650 nm or more. The highest occupied molecular orbital of the polymer is deeper than 5.1 eV. EXAMPLE - In nitrogen atmosphere, chlorobenzene (10 ml) was added and deaerated for 30 minutes. (In mg) tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)-chloroform adduct (2), tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (4.4), 2,5-bis(5-bromo-3(2-hexyldecyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo(5,4-d)thiazole (91), and 2,5-bis(3-tetradecyl-5-trimethylstannyl)thiophen-2-ylthiazolo(5,4-d)thiazole (102) were added, refluxed for three days, and stirred. The reaction solution was poured into the mixed solution of methanol (100 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml), and reprecipitated. The reaction mixture was purified by Soxhlet extraction using methanol, hexane and chloroform, to obtain a polymer (108) of formula (IA) as a bluish purple solid with a yield of 75%. The polymer had a number average molecular weight of 20200. The wavelength of the light absorption terminal of the polymer was 660 nm or more. The highest occupied molecular orbital of the polymer was 5.2 eV. A photoelectric conversion element obtained using the polymer had a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.1%, a short circuit current density of 8.1 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.8 V, and a fill factor of 0.63.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal element is iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and/or gold, preferably copper. The ligand is derivative(s) of dithiocarbamic-acid ion of formula: C(-S-)(=S)-N(-R1)(-R2) or C(-S-)(=S)-R3, preferably piperidine dithiocarbamic acid.R1,R2=aliphatic hydrocarbyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted);andR3=optionally substituted heterocyclyl containing nitrogen atom(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coordination polymer is constructed using bromine ion or iodine ion, preferably iodine ion. The organic semiconductor is fullerene (derivative), oligothiophene (derivative), polythiophene (derivative), phthalocyanine (derivative), metal phthalocyanine, metal-less phthalocyanine derivative, polyphenylene (derivative), polyphenylenevinylene (derivative), polyvinylcarbazole (derivative), polysilane (derivative), polyfluorene (derivative), pentacene (derivative), anthracene (anthracene), rubrene (derivative), perylene (derivative), tetracyanoquinodimethane (derivative), tetrathiafulvalene (derivative), and/or oxadiazole (derivative), preferably 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)-61C and poly-3-hexylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The tackifying resin (B) is petroleum-based resin capable of carrying out hydrogenation reaction and/or terpene-type resin. The resin composition comprises (in parts weight) ( alpha )-olefin polymer (A) (50-90), tackifying resin (B) (5-49) and acidic radical-containing olefin polymer (C) (1-20). The component (C) is maleic acid-addition polymer and/or maleic anhydride-addition polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The water storage tank is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulating belt is made of multi-polymer thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The pH of aqueous slurry is 3-6. Preferred Composition: The surfactant is anionic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant, or synthetic detergent-containing ionic type surfactant and nonionic surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The compressive stress of 200 MPa or more is applied to barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The substrate is a metal substrate containing aluminum, aluminum alloy and/or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing copolymer (A) further has a unit derived from monomers chosen from alkylvinyl ether, alkylvinyl ester, alkylallyl ether, ( alpha )-unsaturated cyclic ether and (meth)acrylate, and a unit which has crosslinkable groups other than ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain. The coating composition further contains compound (C) which has two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in a molecule, and does not have fluorine atom in a molecule, solvent (D), curing agent (E) and pigment (F).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ethylenically unsaturated group is chosen from vinyl group, vinyloxy group, allyl group, (meth)acryloyl group, maleoyl group, styryl group and cinnamoyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The polymeric material is preferably of formula (II) or (III).R4-R6=R1;u,v=0-4;andw=0-5.A hole extraction layer is formed between the electrode layer (2) and layer (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the metal nanoparticles is chosen from gold, silver, copper, palladium, and their alloy. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of metal nanoparticles is 5-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent layer contains silica, titania and/or zirconia, and acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyester, alkyd resin, polyurethane, acryl urethane, polystyrene, polyacetal, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose and siloxane polymer, and has thickness of 1-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The good solvent is nitrogen-containing polar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt comprises halide, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, triflate, tosylate, formate, alkylsulfate, alkylphosphate or glycolate anion, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium or N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, pyridinium chloride and/or lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The stretchable conductive fabric or stretchable conductive fiber comprises spandex and/or nylon. The conjugated polymer comprises poly(thiophene), poly(pyrrole), poly(aniline), poly(acetylene), poly(p-phenylenevinylene), poly(3,4-alkylenedioxyheterocycle), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(l,4-bis((3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl)benzene), poly(2,5-bis((3,4-ethylenedioxy) thien-2-yl)-thiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(vinylpyridine), sulfonated polythieno(3,4-b)thiophene polystyrenesulfonate, and/or polymers derived from electrochromic precursors of structures (III)-(X).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is tri(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)phosphite, tetra( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butyl-phenyl)propionate n-octadecanol ester, N,N'-1,6-hexyldiallyl bis(3,5-bis(1,1-imethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl propionyl), phosphite tris(monononylphenyl) and/or dinonylphenyl mixed ester. The UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy-benzophenone or 2-(4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-(octyloxy)phenol. The UV stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, or bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate. The crosslinked curing agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tertbutylperoxy)hexane, or 1,1-bis(tertbutylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane. The auxiliary crosslinked agent is triallyl isocyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene vinyl acetate glue film comprises (pts.wt) ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (100), tackifier (0.3-0.4), antioxidant (0.3-0.4), UV light absorbent (0.3-0.4), UV stabilizer (0.3-0.4), crosslinked curing agents (1.1-1.4), and auxiliary crosslinked agent (0.6-0.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The long chain saturated dibasic acid is aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, octanedioic acid, azelaic acid, or decanedioic acid. The unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The catalyst is benzyldimethylamine, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, or benzyltriethylammonium bromide. The polymerization inhibitor is one or two of hydroquinone, methyl hydroquinone, benzodiazepine, 2,6-di-tert-butyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, and benzoquinone. The crosslinking agent is styrene, divinyl benzene, vinyltoluene, chlorostyrene, alpha -methyltoluene, butyl styrene, dicyclopentadiene acrylate, diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, butyl acrylate, and/or methyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The bisphenol-A epoxy resin is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether having epoxy equivalent of 176-263 g/mol. It is E44 bisphenol-A epoxy resin, E51 bisphenol-A epoxy resin, or E54 bisphenol-A epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The composite antioxidant is a mixture of 2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol at 1:1 ratio. The UV absorber is a mixture of N-(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N'-methyl-N'-phenylmethyl ether and 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone at 1:1 ratio. The crosslinking curing agent is a mixture of bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and 1-methyl-8-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate at 1:1 ratio. The tackifier is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises fully mixing (wt.%) EVA copolymer (95-99) with composite antioxidant (0.1-0.5), UV absorber (0-0.5, preferably 0.1-0.4), crosslinking curing agent (0.5-4, preferably 1-3), and tackifier (0.1-0.5), where total content is 100 wt.%. The EVA copolymer has VA content of 28-35 wt.% and melt index of 31. The thickness of EVA adhesive film is 300-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The structural reinforcing layer and the adhesive layer are polyethylene terephthalate. The weatherable layer is polyvinylidene fluoride. The E-adhesive layer is co-extruded cast film of polyethylene particles. The thickness of the structural reinforced layer is 180-300 mu m. The thickness of the weatherable layer is 20-35 mu m. The thickness of the E-adhesive layer is 40-80 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorinated active dispersant is ammonium perfluorooctanoate, perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoic acid, or perfluorononyloxybenzenesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Electrostatic spinning is carried out at a solution conveying speed of 0.5 mL/minute, where the distance between two electrodes is 10 cm and the applied voltage is 10 kV. Calcining is carried out at 240-350 degrees C for 1-2 hours, and increasing temperature to 400-550 degrees C for 1-2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The precursor solution comprises butyl titanate, ethanol, or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The mass ratio of the butyl titanate and PS nanosphere is 4:1-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The method further utilizes anatase titanium dioxide of 5-30 nm and cubic phase copper elementary substance of 35-120 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc tungstate is polyvinylidene fluoride and acetylene black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal fine wire is metal nanowire containing silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The ceramic laminate has through-hole with diameter of 10-300 mu m. The thickness of at least one layer of laminated structure is 500 mu m or less. The laminate has average aspect-ratio of 1.5 or more. Preferred Ceramic: The ceramic forming each layer is chosen from insulating material, electroconductive material, ion-conducting material, mixing carrier electroconductivity material, piezoelectric material and ferroelectric material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The ceramic laminate is produced using water-soluble polymer chosen from N-alkyl acrylamide type polymer, N-isopropyl acrylamide type polymer, sulfomethylated acrylamide type polymer, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide type polymer, polyalkyl acrylamide type polymer, alginic acid, polyethylenimine, starch, carboxy methylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxy methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneglycol, agar and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The contact bonding layer containing alkaline inorganic particles and having thermosetting property is formed by coating. Preferred Composition: The modified silica is residue of silane-coupling-agent compound. The film further has a conductive layer on the contact bonding layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of contact bonding layer is less than 5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The plastic film, contact bonding layer and conductive layer are directly laminated on film, sequentially. The plastic film is polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The film comprises polyester resin which is polymerized using a polycondensation catalyst containing aluminum, and/or its compound and phenol type compound. The polyester film comprises outermost layer and central layer. The outermost layer contains particles and central layer does not contain particles. The coating layer contains resin having oxazoline group. The peak intensity (P1) of the film is 1655 cm-1 and peak intensity (P2) is 1580 cm-1, and ratio of P1 and P2 in total reflection infrared absorption spectrum of the coating layer with respect to film thickness of the coating layer is 0.05-0.25. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ground plane includes ferroelectric material selected from barium titanate, lead titanate, sodium nitrite and lead zirconate titanate, and ferromagnetic material selected from magnetite such as hexaferrite or other ferrites composed of iron oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ferromagnetic material includes elements such as aluminum, cobalt, nickel, manganese and zinc. The percolating material combination comprises particles of conductive material dispersed in non-metallic host, in which the conductive particles are particles of metal or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-metallic host including polymer matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconductor elements are selected from a group consisting of Gallium-Nitride, Gallium-Indium-Nitrogen, Aluminum-Gallium-Nitrogen and Aluminum-Gallium-Indium-Nitrogen. The metal layer is selected from a group consisting of Titanium, Hafnium, Zirconium and Aluminum. The semiconductor elements comprise III-V group-based compound semiconductors selected from a group consisting of Gallium-Nitrogen, Aluminum-Gallium-Nitrogen, Indium-Gallium-Nitrogen and Indium-Aluminum-Gallium-Nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover includes a twin wall polycarbonate panel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode comprises indium tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture comprises reinforcing agent (0.5-1 parts weight), porous inorganic material (70-75 wt.%), and lithium salt electrolyte (25-30 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester resin has intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-0.8, and melting point of 250-260 degrees C, measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Preferred Component: The amount of terminal COOH group of the polyester in the polyester film is 2-20 eq/t.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The heat-conductive incombustible material is metal sheet or metal foil. The heat-conductive incombustible material which contacts the flat surface of electrically insulating substrates is metal sheet having rigidity. Preferred Property: The thickness of one surface of heat-conductive incombustible material which covers electrically insulating substrates is more than the thickness of heat-conductive incombustible material which covers the other surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spherical fluorescent substance contains organic fluorescent material or inorganic fluorescent material. The fluorescent material contains rare-earth metal complex. The rare-earth metal complex is europium complex or samarium complex. Preferred Properties: The spherical fluorescent group has median diameter (D50) of 1-600 mu m. The thickness of light emitting layer and total film is 10-600 mu m and 10-1000 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The spherical fluorescent group contains spherical fluorescent substance containing fluorescent material and transparent material. The solar cell sealing material further consists of light transmissive layer. The content of fluorescent material with respect to 100 parts mass of transparent material is 0.001-30 parts mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent material is acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The transmittance of transparent oxide film at wavelength of 750 nm is 93% or more. The transparent film has average refractive index of 1.59-1.8, in visible light region and water vapor permeation rate of less than 0.01 g/m2 with a thickness of 50 nm or more. The partial pressure of oxygen with respect to whole atmospheric gas is 0.05 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is resin film base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition further contains elastomer composite resin. The elastomer composite resin includes at least any one of polyester resin portion, a polyurethane-resin portion and a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer structure. The polyisocyanate has an isocyanurate structure. The content of elastomer composite resin is 2-60 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer and tackifier. The amino group or hydroxyl group is located in at least one of the terminal of the principal chain of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. The amino group or hydroxyl group is located only in the fragment-mono-terminal of the principal chain of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The transition metal element is titanium, zirconium, niobium and/or tantalum. The transition metal compound is metal halide, metal sulfate, metal alkoxide, metal acetate, metal phosphate, metal nitrate, metal organic acid salt, metal acid halide, metal perhalogen acid salt, metal hypohalous acid salt, and/or metal complex. While mixing deposit (A), compound of transition metal element chosen from iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt and manganese is further mixed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molten salt is a mixture of sodium fluorosilicate, potassium fluorosilicate, lithium-fluorine complex (KFSA) and cesium-fluorine complex (CsFSA).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The laminate film contains an aluminum foil and a resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The support film has thickness of 5-500 mu m and surface free energy of 23-70 mN/m. The adhesiveness of interface of support film and transfer layer is 0.02-1.5 MPa. The hardness of transfer layer is 0.1-0.6 GPa. The transfer film has corrugated-shaped representation pitch of 0.01-10 mu m and corrugated-shaped aspect-ratio of 0.01-3. Preferred Composition: The near surface of support film where transfer layer is laminated, contains polyolefin resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low viscosity resin system comprises dicyclopentadiene resin, polybutylene terephthalate cyclized resin, polycaprolactone resin, polyester or vinylester with high styrene content or their combinations. The high density fabric comprises glass fibers and carbon fibers or their combinations. The low matrix system comprises monomer. Preferred Composition: The composite material has fiber volume fraction of 65% or more. Preferred Method: The method further involves curing the composite material to polymerize the low viscosity resin system, and post-curing of the composite material to crosslink the polymerized low viscosity resin system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The negative electrode active material is selected from lithium compound, sodium compound, potassium compound, magnesium compound, barium compound, calcium compound, titanium compound, vanadium compound, chromium compound, manganese compound, iron compound, cobalt compound, nickel compound, copper compound, zinc compound, aluminum compound, tin compound, and lead compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent and opaque pyroelectric film comprises tri-glycerin sulfate, lead zirconate titanate, stannic titanate, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate, aluminum nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, barium titanate, and barium strontium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent and opaque pyroelectric film comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component A is polyethylene resin (A-1), polypropylene resin (A-2), or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (A-3). Layered composite metal compounds contain 100 weight parts of component A or 0.01-20 weight parts of component B. Preferred Processes: Components (i) and (iii) are heat-processed to 200-800 degrees C to obtain components (ii) and (iv), respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The intrinsic viscosity of polybutylene terephthalate type resin is 1-1.5. Preferred Component: The rubber roll is silicone rubber roll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The white pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The film is made of polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate. The white resin composition further contains thermosetting resin, curing catalyst, organic solvent, styrene resin and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner and outer pipes are made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal tube is made of stainless steel, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The external plastic part and the retainer ring of the water nozzle rubber ring is made of plastic material that is selected from polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, chlorinated PVC, polyoxometalate, polycarbonate, PVC or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The resin made back plate is provided in the battery component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene powder is obtained by chemical liquid-phase reduction of alkene powder, and the doped graphene powder is obtained by chemical liquid-phase reduction of alkene powder doped by nitrogen, sulfur or boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is ethanol. The mix ratio of graphene powder, doped graphene powder and solvent is 30 mg:3 mg:2 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000-20000. The viscosity of organic carrier and chlorine molybdate slurry is 2-6 Pa.second and 1-5 Pa.second, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass adhesive is bismuth-boron-silicon glass system, which comprises aluminum trioxide (3-10), zinc oxide (10-30), titanium dioxide (0-5), zirconium dioxide (0-5), vanadium trioxide (0-5), bismuth trioxide (40-60%), silicon dioxide (5-10), and boron trioxide (10-25). The main carrier and auxiliary carrier are mixed in mass ratio of (20:1)-(10:1). Preferred Property: The grain diameter of the conductive aluminum powder is 0.2-9 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, turpentine oil and/or ether. The organic additive is ethyl cellulose dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, carbitol, carbitol acetate, lecithin, hexylene glycol, hydrogenated castor oil and/or thixotropic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The conductive agent is obtained by mixing titanium, silicon and carbon powder in the mol ratio of 2.8:1.2:1, and aluminum powder and nickel powder as reaction additive at 1280 degrees C. The ceramic composite material is mesoporous composite material. The ceramic composite material comprises 46-65 parts weight of silicon dioxide, 9-18 parts weight of aluminum oxide, 3-9 parts weight of magnesium oxide and 12-18 parts weight of calcium oxide, or 30-45 parts weight of stone material, 45-50 parts weight of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and 10-20 parts weight of super fine silicon carbide powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The medium material is aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and poly(vinyl alcohol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ester type antioxidant is one or combination of two or more of tri(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl)phosphite ester, stearyl pentaerythritol phosphite ester, tetra( beta -(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)propionic acid)pentaerythritol ester, beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl phenyl)propionic acid n-octadecyl ester, orthophosphorous acid tri(nonyl benzene and nonyl mixed ester), and tri(nonyl phenyl)phosphorous acid ester and 3,5 ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl octadecyl ester, preferably beta -(4-hydroxyl-3,5-di-tertbutyl phenyl)propionic acid n-octadecanol ester (6 parts) and orthophosphorous acid tri(nonyl benzene and nonyl mixed ester) in a mass ratio of 1:3. The crosslinking agent is one or combination of two or more of di-tert-amyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiary butyl peroxy)hexane, dibenzoyl peroxide, 1,1-(tert-butyl peroxide)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, preferably 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiary butyl peroxy)hexane (2 parts). The hindered amine light stabilizer is one or mixture of hindered amine bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) diester, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate, poly(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine alcohol ester), di(1,2,2,6,6-methylpiperidyl)sebacic acid ester, N,N-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexamethylene diamine, preferably hindered amine bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidiny)diester and di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate (6 parts) are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1. The tackifier is one or more of gamma -glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, rosin glycerol ester, preferably gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The ethylene-vinyl acetate comprises vinyl acetate (30%), and the UV light absorbent is 0.8 parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The film comprises (in %): crosslinking agent (0.59-2%), ultraviolet stabilizer (0.29-0.5), antioxidant (0.19-0.5%), anti-yellowing agent (0.19-0.5) and coupling agent (0.59-1.5) and EVA contains 25-35 of vinyl acetate, where crosslinking agent is tert-butyl peroxide 2-hexyl-ester, ultraviolet stabilizer is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and hexadecyl ester, antioxidant is diphenylamine, anti-yellowing agent is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant is zinc borate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and/or antimony trioxide. The flame-retardant accelerating agent is OMMT, ATH, antimonous oxide and/or antimony pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises (pts.wt.) polyolefin resin (100), flame retardant (140), flame-retardant accelerating agent (30), stabilizing agent (8), crosslinking sensitizing agent (5), antioxidant (2) and lubricating agent (15). The stabilizing agent is a mixture of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone. The crosslinking sensitizing agent is trimethyl acrylate trimethylolpropane ester. The antioxidant is 2,6-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol and/or antioxidant 1010. The lubricating agent is polypropylene wax, fatty acid and/or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin is a mixture of at least two of ethylenemethyl acrylate copolymer, ethyleneacetic acid vinyl ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acetic acid and ethylene copolymer, and high density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The reaction pressure is 5.1-6.9 MPa; the amount of water in green solvent for producing bio-oil is 40-60%, preferably 60%; the mass ratio of the domestic waste and green solvent is 1:(10-15), the reaction temperature is 250-275 degrees C; and the reaction time is 20-40 minutes. The alcohol enzyme dosage mass ratio for the solid tail product is more than 1-4%; and the fermentation is carried out for 24-36 hours for bioethanol production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of perchlorate and content of hydrofluoric acid is 10-25 mol (preferably, 18 mol) and 5-15 mol (preferably, 10 mol), with respect to 1 liter of the acidic texturing liquid. The perchlorate is sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acidic texturing liquid further contains surfactant (0.05-0.2 wt.%) including silicon-based surfactant chosen from polymethylsiloxane and its derivative, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether including polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether or polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent utilized in the method for preparing the copolymer is chosen from benzene, toluene, glycol dimethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The method enables utilizing fatty acid, acidified oil and oleic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecular polymer is triton X-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium source compound is lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding a carbon-contained organic matter in the mixture of the green powder and the lithium source compound. Preferred Component: The carbon-contained organic matter is made of cane sugar, glucose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylidene difluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium chloride, nitrate, and/or sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent utilized in preparation method is ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol and/or n-butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surface active agent utilized in titanate material preparation method is polyvinylpyrrolidone K30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The content of the silane coupling agent is 0.15-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    n=1-4, preferably 4;and    R1=methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor photoelectrode layer comprises material selected from a group consisting of crystalline germanium, crystalline silicon, crystalline gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, amorphous silicon, copper zinc tin sulphide, copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The sheet further has a protective layer including fluorine-containing polymer, formed on ultraviolet absorption layer. Preferred Property: The refractive index of protective layer and ultraviolet absorption layer is 1.2-1.4 and 1.5-2, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The film-like structure is formed by chemically bonding silicon fine particles through crosslinking molecule. The semiconductor fine-particle film is formed using film compound (A) having reactive functional group (a1), and halosilyl group or alkoxysilyl group, and film compound (B) having reactive functional group (b1), and halosilyl group or alkoxysilyl group. Preferred Composition: The two types of silicon fine-particles are n-type silicon fine-particles and/or p-type silicon fine-particles. The semiconductor fine-particle film further has film (a) having reactive functional group (a1) and film (b) having reactive functional group (b1) formed on surface of semiconductor fine-particles. The chemical bonding is silicon-oxygen bonding. The reactive functional groups (a1) and (b1) are reacted to form a chemical bond (NHCONH or N-CH2CH(OH)). The chemical bond is formed by reacting amino group or imino group and epoxy group, and/or amino or imino group and isocyanate group. Preferred Property: The particle diameter of the silicon fine-particles is 10 nm to 5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is blocked isocyanate. Preferred Parameters: Boiling point of blocked isocyanate is greater than or equal to 180 degrees C. Dissociation temperature of blocked isocyanate is less than or equal to 130 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Hydroxyl (OH) end group concentration of polyester film is less than or equal to 70 eq/ton. Mass ratio (urethane resin/crosslinking agent) of urethane resin with respect to crosslinking agent in application layer is 1/9-9/1. Preferred Parameters: Haze of polyester film is less than or equal to 2%. Change in intrinsic viscosity of polyester satisfies formula ((intrinsic viscosity before heat processing - intrinsic viscosity after heat processing)=-0.05-0.05 dl/g). Preferred Processes: Adhesive polyester film is manufactured by using polyester resin, wherein crude polyester has intrinsic viscosity of 0.50-0.70 dl/g and is obtained by polycondensation reaction of dicarboxylic acid component and glycol component, and heat processing at 190-260 degrees C in the presence of water-containing inert gas, wherein water content of inert gas is 3.5-30 g/Nm3 and flow volume of inert gas is 1-10000 l/h per kg of crude polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cohesive compound is selected from rubber materials such as silicone, polyester, polyurethane, acrylate, butyl acetate, and fluorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The silica-based template particles are removed by chemical etching. The removable template particles and tetraaza-chelate precursors are selected for use so as to shift the reaction mechanism of the electrocatalytic material towards the 4 e- pathway. The method (M1) further involves selecting removable template particles to use so as to produce electrocatalytic material with a desired pore size. Preferred Components: The removable template particles are silica-based (preferably amorphous silica or mesoporous). Preferred Material: The material comprises pores having diameter of 3-10 nm or 30-70 nm. The material comprises cobalt atom centers bonded to one, two, three, or four nitrogen atoms in the 2+ form and cobalt particles coated in a thin oxide film deposited on the pyropolymer backbone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains a pressure-sensitive adhesive agent selected from acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive agents, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agents, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agents, and polyolefin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agents (preferably polyolefin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agent and rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agent). The polyolefin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agent contains a maleic acid-modified polyolefin and/or a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin. The rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agent contains a maleic acid-modified elastomer and/or a maleic anhydride-modified elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the polymer composition, the polyester is poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate). The composition is soluble in halogenated solvents. The polymer composition comprises poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) to perylenebisimide in the ratio 90:10 to 10:90 forms a film. Preferred Process: In preparing the polymer composition, the solvent used in step (a) is o-dichlorobenzene. The polymer composition comprises the thermoplastic polymer and perylenebisimide in the ratio 0.01:99.99 to 99.99:0.01. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound further contains bicyclic-type structural units of formula (II-XII). The primary solvent is aromatic chloride. The secondary solvent is aliphatic chloride compound.R21-R42=H or substituent;X21-X30=S, O or Se;X1,X2=N or =CH-;Y1=S, O, Se, -N(R43)-, or -CR44=CR45-;R43-R45=H or substituent;andW1,W2=monovalent organic group having fluoro and cyano, halo or H.Preferred Process: The liquid containing high molecular compound, primary solvent, and secondary solvent different from the primary solvent are coated, and an active layer is formed on primary electrode, and secondary electrode is formed on the active layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The lithium battery further comprises a package structure wrapped around the anode, cathode, separator and the electrolyte solution. The additive further comprises a hydroxyl-containing species, and molecular weight of the hydroxyl-containing species is less than 1000. Preferred Method: The step of filling the electrolyte solution in the containing region is directly performed after the battery jelly-roll is fabricated. The method further involves wrapping a package structure around the anode, cathode, separator and the electrolyte solution. The resultant water content in the electrolyte solution is 50-500 parts per million.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl-containing species is an aromatic or non-aromatic species. The maleimide-based compound is selected from maleimide, bismaleimide, polymaleimide, polybismaleimide, and copolymer of bismaleimide and maleimide. The content of the hydroxyl-containing species H2O in the electrolyte solution is 50-500 parts per million. Preferred Compound: The hydroxyl-containing species (I) is at least one of a compound of formula OH-PO(OH)-CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-PO(OH)-OH or OH-PO(OH)-CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-CO-OH.n=0-30. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Compounds are specified as (I) e.g. naphthalen-2-ol (Ia); benzene-1,4-diol; water; 7,11b-dihydro-indeno(2,1-c)chromene-3,4,6a,9,10-pentaol; and OH-(CH2)3-C?=C-Si-(CH3)3.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium carbide, graphite powder and modified phenolic resin is 5-15 wt.%, 70-90 wt.% and 5-20 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of titanium carbide, graphite and modified phenolic resin is 8000 meshes, 30 mu m and 30-40 mu m, respectively. The purity of graphite is 99.85% or more. Preferred Process: The conductive powder and phenolic resin are mixed, ball-milled and dried to obtain composite bipolar plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The inorganic glass bonding agent is lead-free glass powder containing bismuth trioxide (60-70%), silica (10-20%), boron trioxide (5-7%), zinc oxide (10-20%), calcium oxide (0-2%), potassium oxide (1-2%), vanadium pentoxide (0.5-1%) and iron (0.5-1%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, terpinenol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether and wetting dispersant. The additive is comprises flatting agent, wetting agent, and film-forming auxiliary agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The organic semiconductor material is chosen from formulae (Ia)-(Ic).R1=group of formula R'. Preferred Definitions:    A,D'=groups chosen from groups of formulae (a)-(o);    R=alkyl;    R3=ester, amide or alkyl;and    R4=alkyl or alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is at least one chosen from talc, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesium carbonate and barium sulfate, where the particle size of inorganic filler is 1-50 mu m. The anti-UV additive is at least one chosen from nanosilica and nano titanium dioxide. The average particle size of anti-UV additive is 5-500 nm. The antioxidant is at least one chosen from phosphite antioxidant, organic sulfide antioxidant and metal ion passivator. The metal ion passivator is antimony compound. The flexibilizer is at least one chosen from polyolefin elastomer grafted maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride grafted acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer. The modified polymer is at least one chosen from polyethylene, polyamide, ethylene propylene rubber and polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Method: The blending step involves (a) mixing (in parts weight) at least one homopolymer polypropylene and copolymer polypropylene (50-100) with modified polymer (0.1-10) for 5-30 minutes at 160-300 degrees C, (b) adding flexibilizer (0.5-20) to the mixture and mixing the mixture for 1-20 minutes, and (c) adding inorganic filler (0-50), anti-UV additive (15-25) and antioxidant (0.2-30) to the mixture and mixing the mixture for 10-50 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle size of graphene oxide is 0.5-10 mu , and oxygen content in graphene oxide is 5-20%. The macromolecular dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylic acid or chitosan. The anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The guanidine containing anion membrane is CnH2n, O, R3-CH2-M-CH2(R4-CH2-Z-CH2-5-CH2-Q-CH2)h-R6, R1-CH2-M-CH2-R2, or one or more of 4 groups of formulae, e.g. formulae (Ia). The solvent is acetonitrile, ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and/or toluene.n=0-20;R1-R3, R6=one or more of 6 groups of formulae, e.g. formula (Ib);andR4-R5=one or more of 5 groups of formulae, e.g. formula (Ic).T=Br, Cl or OH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer (0.1-20 mmol/g) is chloromethyl poly(ether sulfone), poly chloromethyl sulfoxide, chloromethylated phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone), bromomethyl poly(ether sulfone), bromomethylated polysulfone, bromomethyl of phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone), bromomethyl polyphenylene ether, chloromethylated polyphenylene ether, polyether ether ketone, chloromethyl, bromomethyl polyether ether ketone, chloromethylated polybenzimidazole, bromomethyl polybenzimidazole, polychlorinated methylated styrene and/or polychlorinated methylated styrene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic fiber is aluminum silicate fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible acrylic acid copolymerization emulsion is copolymer emulsion of nanometer silicon dioxide and acrylic acid from propylene oxidation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is selected from neoprene, rubber and/or elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoset polymer of first layer is polyester, polyurethane or epoxy resin. The polymer in the first and/or third layer is a thermoset polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The air cell has positive electrode case (1), positive electrode catalyst, separator (8), negative electrode active material, and negative electrode case (3), and filter between positive electrode case and positive electrode catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorptive substance is chosen from activated carbon, zeolite, and silica gel. The acidic solid materials are ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and ( gamma )-alumina silica. The chelate film, adsorption film, and acidic solid film have base material. The positive electrode catalysts are bismuth-ruthenium oxide (Bi2Ru2O7), lead-ruthenium oxide (Pb2Ru2O6) and lead-iridium oxide (Pb2Ir2O6.5). The positive electrode catalyst consists of pyrochloro-type metal oxide and/or oxygen defect pyrochloro-type metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelate substance is L-aspartic acid-N,N-2-acetic acid, trans-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid, carboxymethyl polyethylenimine, 6-diethylenetriamine hexaacetic acid, 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxy propane tetracetic acid, dihydroxy ethyl glycine, dihydroxyethyl ethylenediamine diacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid methylene phosphorus, glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid, ethylidene hydroxy acid 2-phosphate, hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid, hydroxyethyl iminodiacetic acid, nitrilo-3-methylene phosphoric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, 1,3-propane diamine tetraacetic acid, phosphono butane tricarboxylic acid, and/or triethylene tetramine hexaacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin composition further contains glass fiber. The epoxy resin has functionality of 2 or more. The transparent resin substrate is a plastic substrate. Preferred Property: The transparent resin substrate obtained by hardening the epoxy resin composition has glass transition temperature of 150 degrees C or more. EXAMPLE - An aromatic epoxy resin obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin and phenolic compound, was hydrogenated to obtain trifunctional hydrogenated epoxy resin. Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, hardening agent and tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide were mixed and added to trifunctional hydrogenated epoxy resin and methyl ethyl ketone was added and stirred to obtain epoxy resin varnish. The epoxy resin varnish was impregnated to glass cloth, heated and solvent was removed to obtain prepreg. The prepreg was press-molded to obtain transparent resin substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyisocyanate is derived from aliphatic diisocyanate or alicyclic diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit does not contain lead, and contains bismuth (less than 30 mol%), in conversion of bismuth(III) oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive powder is silver powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin further contains cellulose derivative. The total content of the thermosetting resin and the cellulose derivative is 2 wt.% or less. The thermosetting resin is alkyd resin. Preferred Property: The thermosetting resin has acid value of 5 potassium hydroxide mg/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass frit does not contain lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The electroconductive powder has hydrophilic property. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder is silver powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (B) contains diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene carbonate and/or n-tetradecane, preferably diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether and/or propylene carbonate, and has at least oxygen component and carbon component in molecular structure. The molar ratio of the oxygen component with respect to the carbon component is 0.3 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biaxially-stretched polyester film contains structural portion (0.1-5 %mass) derived from terminal blocker chosen from oxazoline type-compound, carbodiimide compound and epoxy compound, and has intrinsic viscosity of 0.75 dL/g or more and thickness of 180-350 mu m. The sum of number of carboxylic acid groups and the number of hydroxyl groups included in the structural unit derived from polyfunctional monomer is 3 or more. The content of the structural unit derived from polyfunctional monomer is 0.005-2.5 mol% with respect to the total content of structural units in the polyester. Preferred Properties: The difference of variation of thermal-contraction rate of the direction orthogonal to the film width direction and variation of the thermal-contraction rate of the direction parallel to film width direction is 0.03-0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (C) is phosphate ester type compound of formula (I) or (II).Q1-Q4=1-6C alkyl;R1,R2=methyl;R3,R4=H or methyl;n=1 or more;n1,n2=0-2;andm1-m4=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The component (B) has number average molecular weight of 150000-500000, and is dispersed in particulate form in the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The substrate has water vapor permeability of the substrate at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity is 0.05 g/m2.24 hours or less, preferably less than 0.005 g/m2.24 hours. The substrate has water vapor barrier layer provided on the surface of layer comprising liquid crystalline polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment layer and undercoat layer contains 5-50 %mass of crosslinking agent with respect to binder. The crosslinking agent is crosslinking agent having carbodiimide group and oxazoline group. The undercoat and white pigment layer are formed by coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The undercoat layer contains resin chosen from polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyacryl resin, and polyester resin, and inorganic oxide filler. Preferred Process: The polymer base material is surface-treated using silane compound by performing corona treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma processing and flame treatment. Preferred Properties: The polymer base material has thermal contraction rate of 0-0.5% at 150 degrees C for more than 30 minutes. The polymer base material is polyester having carboxyl group content of 35 equivalent/tonn or less. The protective sheet has reflectance of 75% or more at light having wavelength of 550 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Components: The high-molecular compound is of formula (II). The high-molecular compound (I) further contains cyclopentadiene-containing structural unit of formulae: (Ia-Ij).R21-R42=H or substituent;X21-X30=sulfur, oxygen or selenium;X1,X2=nitrogen or =CH-;Y1=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R43)- or -CR44=CR45-;R43,R44,R45=R21;andW1,W2=monovalent organic group having fluoro, cyano or halo, or H. Preferred Definitions:    W1,W2=fluoro;    X1,X2=nitrogen;and    Y1=sulfur or oxygen.    EXAMPLE - 2,7-Bis-butylstannanyl-5,5-bis-(3,7-dimethyl-octyl)-5a,8a-dihydro-5H-4-oxa-1,8-dithia-as-indacene (in mg) (500), 4,7-dibromo-5,6-difluoro-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (141) and toluene (32) were provided in a flask containing argon, to obtain a homogeneous solution. The obtained toluene solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes. Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (13) was added to the toluene solution. The tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium was stirred at 100 degrees C for 6 hours. Phenyl bromide (500) was added to the reaction liquid, stirred for 5 hours, cooled to 25 degrees C and reaction liquid was poured into methanol (300). The polymer obtained by filtering and recovering the polymers which precipitated by extraction with methanol, acetone and hexane for 5 hours. The polymer which remained in the extraction thimble was dissolved in toluene (100 mL), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (2 g) and water (40 mL), and stirred for 8 hours. Water (50 ml) was used to clean an organic layer twice after removing water layer, and further cleaned using aqueous solution (50 ml) of acetic acid and aqueous solution (50 ml) of potassium fluoride. The obtained solution was poured into methanol, and polymer was deposited. The resultant product was dried and dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (50 mL). The obtained solution is poured into methanol, polymer was deposited, filtered and dried to obtain high-molecular compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acetylene-type partial structure (I) is preferably of formula (III). The compound (A) is a copolymer of acetylene-type partial structure (I) and sulfur-containing structure of formula (IV). The compound containing structural unit (III), further contains structure of formula (V) or (VI).X2=-S-, -O-, -NR4-, -CR5=CR5'-, -CR6=N-, -CRaRb- or -N=N-;R4,R5,R5',R6,Ra,Rb= alkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl (all optionally substituted) or H;R9=alkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, acylamino (all optionally substituted) H or halo;Y'3,Y'4=-O-, -NR10-, -S-, -C(R11)=C(R11')- or -N=C(R12)-;R10-R12=alkyl, cycloalkyl (both optionally substituted) or H;andR7,R8=1-24C alkyl, 1-24C fluoroalkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 3-20C fluorocycloalkyl, 1-24C alkoxy, 1-24C fluoroalkoxy-, 1-24C fluoroalkylthio, 6-30C aryl, 6-30C fluoroaryl, 1-20C heteroaryl, 1-20C fluoroheteroaryl (all optionally substituted), H or halo.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of compound (A) is 15000-50000. Preferred Components: The electrode (a) is cathode. The electrode (b) is anode. Preferred Definitions:    X1=-S-;    Y'1=-CH=;and    L1=-COO-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass, low-alkaline earth boroaluminosilicate glass, cloth, cotton, nylon, polyester, hemp, bamboo cloth, or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The cesium carbonate layer has a thickness of 15 nm. The thickness of layer comprising poly(3,4)ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate and dimethyl sulfoxide is 600 nm. The thickness of active layer is 100-300 nm, preferably 200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Etching of ITO (10) is carried out using a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The etched ITO and substrate are cleaned using acetone, isopropanol or UV-ozone, and dried with nitrogen. The layer of cesium carbonate is prepared using a solution obtained by dissolving cesium carbonate in 2-ethoxyethanol in a ratio of 2 mg/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer solution is prepared my mixing P3HT and PCBM in a weight ratio of 1:1 in dichlorobenzene. The layer comprising poly(3,4)ethylenedioxythiophene:poly-styrenesulfonate mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide is prepared by diluting poly(3,4)ethylenedioxythiophene:poly-styrenesulfonate, filtering, and mixing dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Material of trunk part is inorganic semiconductor and/or metal oxide. Material of trunk part is titanium dioxide (TiO2), cadmium sulfide (CdS), iron sulfide (FeS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (Fe2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), silicon carbide (SiC), indium nitride (InN), InGaN, GaN, lead sulfide (PbS), lead telluride (PbTe), PbSe, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3), InBi, GaBi, thallium bismuth (TlBi), copper-indium-gallium-selenium (Cu-In-Ga-Se), and/or Cu-In-Ga-S.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive substrate further contains functional layer having function chosen from reflection preventing property, hard-coat property, infrared ray shielding, electroconductivity, ultraviolet ray shielding and anti-fouling property. The surface (A) has average roughening (Ra) value of 400 nm or less. Preferred Process: A transparent conductive layer (6) has layer made of metal microparticles and resin (5). The transparent conductive layer has mesh shaped line on the surface. The near surface where mesh shaped line exists is called surface (A) and the near surface where mesh shaped line does not exists is called surface (B). The transparent conductive layer, substrate and gas barrier layer are laminated directly to form transparent conductive substrate. The substrate is laminated directly on surface (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigmented core layer comprises pigment (5-20 wt.%) consisting of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, barium sulfate and/or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inner and outer EVA layers comprise vinyl acetate (2-20 wt.%), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (19-30 wt.%), and polyethylene (70-81 wt.%). The polyethylene comprises linear low-density polyethylene and/or low-density polyethylene. The pigmented core layer further comprises polyethylene. The polymeric film of the mid-layer comprises polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second metal grids are made from a material consisting of aluminum, silver, and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type organic semiconductor consists of: oligomeric/polymeric arylene diimides including naphthalene and perylene; (60)fullerene and higher fullerene analogues; poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)- 1,4-(1-cyanovinylene)-phenylene); poly(9,9'-dioctylfluoreneco-benzothiadiazole); perfluoro-terthiophenes; boron-doped polymers; and functionalized carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The p-type organic semiconductor consists of polythiophenes, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, polyanilines, poly-p-phenylenevinylenes, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes and poly-pphenylene sulfides, polyfluorenes, polyphenylenes, polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphathalenes, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, carbon nanotubes, and/or graphenes including functional derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic compound is selected from vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic compound is selected from aromatic amine compound, carbazole derivative, aromatic hydrocarbon, high molecular compound, or heterocyclic compound having dibenzofuran skeleton or dibenzothiophene skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The materials of the trunk portion and branch portion are made of metal oxide. The material of cathode is made of indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the conjugate polymer filler is selected from the group consisting of polymer, oligomer, macromolecule, copolymer, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, poly-phenylene vinylene, aniline, and pyrrole, thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: One of reactive terminal group (A) and reactive terminal group (B) contains groups (-SO2X or -COX), and other contains nitrogen-containing group of formula: -SO2NZ1Z2 or -CONZ1Z2.Z1,Z2=H, metal ion or SiMe3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The prepolymer has average particle size of preferably 1 nm to 1 mu m. The prepolymer has solvent solubility of 40 wt.% or more with respect to polar solvent at room temperature. Preferred Composition: The ratio of number-of-moles of reactive terminal group (B) with respect to number-of-moles of reactive terminal group (A) contained in the raw material monomer and raw material polymer is 1-4. Preferred Layer: The catalyst layer is obtained by crosslinking the prepolymer through crosslinking agent which is introduced after coating or during coating of catalyst ink on support film surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cathode is chosen from flexible polymer film, modified graphene film, graphite-coated optically transparent film containing tin oxide/indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, platinum, gold, copper, silver and/or carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The ethylene copolymer of the encapsulant further consists of ethylene alpha olefin copolymer of which density is 0.865-0.9 according to a standard of ASTM D 1505.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer forming the backsheet consists of silica, alumina, calcium carbonates, carbon nanotubes, glass fibers, or modified or unmodified clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene homopolymer of the encapsulant consists of linear low-density polyethylene, which is obtained by metallocene catalysis. The ethylene copolymer of the encapsulant consists of copolymer of alkyl-anhydride ethylene-(meth)acrylate. The backsheet comprises a layer formed of fluorinated polymer including difluoro vinylidene homopolymer or copolymer of difluoro vinylidene and fluorinated monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The exchange element is made from polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, Hostalen GHR 8110 (RTM: linear polyolefin resin), hydrophillic setting material Hostapur SAS 60F (RTM: Not defined), Nexar (RTM: not defined) polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binding rope is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic solution is prepared with 2-methoxy-5-(2'-)-1, 4-p-phenylacetylene chloroform solution of fullerene derivative with concentration of 2-15mg/ml of thiophene group according to specific ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of glass, stainless steel and flexible polymer. The back electrode layer is made of molybdenum or graphene film. The buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide. The conductive window layer is made of aluminum. The barrier layer is made of zinc oxide. The resin carrier adhered to monolayer graphite alkene is removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The n-shaped graphene film has several single layer graphene. The substrate is made of glass, stainless steel or flexible polymer. The back electrode layer is made of molybdenum. The buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Atmosphere: The inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere or helium atmosphere. Preferred Property: The carbon lead powder has size of 3-8 mu m. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of carbon lead powder and plaster is preferably 0.2-0.5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carbon source is glucose, starch, cellulose, polyvinyl cellulose or sucrose. The ratio of organic carbon source and lead powder is 0.1-0.25:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The corona treatment is plasma corona. The temperature of oven is 80 degrees C, and the drying process is coated with adhesive for PET film. Curing is done for 20 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic nano silicate has grain diameter of 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ratio of organic polymer fiber and inorganic nano silicate is (60-90):(10-40). The organic polymer fiber comprises (%) polyvinyl alcohol (70-100), polyethylene glycol (0-30), polyvinyl alcohol (0-30), and/or polypropylene (0-5). It has molecular weight of 1000-5000. Preferred Method: The method preferably comprises putting sticky mixture in mold, and drying and forming film under vacuum environment at 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass mixed material is straw biomass, agro-forestry wood waste, waste plastic or urban organic solid waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc compound is hexahydrate zinc nitrate. The inert gas is nitrogen. Preferred phenyl formic acid, lactic acid and hexahydrate zinc nitrate is 1:0.8-1.2:1-2. The organic solution is iodine/n-hexane solution or iodine/cyclohexane solution. The conductive polymer material has molecular weight of less than 500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composite material comprises (pts.wt.) ABS (40-65), PETG (6-20), CPE (5-15), PTFE (0.1-0.5), acid absorbent (1-2), brominated flame retardant (15-19), flame-resistant coordinating agent (3-4), antioxidant (0.2-0.8) and lubricating agent (0.5-1). The PETG is first-grade recovering material. The acid absorbent is magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, lanthanum stearate, hydrotalcite and magnesium oxide. The brominated flame retardant is tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromodiphenyl, brominated epoxy resin and tri cyanurate. The flame-resistant coordinating agent is montmorillonite, talc powder, antimonous oxide, zinc borate, nano kaolin, mica powder, crystal whisker magnesium oxide and quartz powder, with weight part of the antimonous oxide of less than 1 pt.wt. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1076 and/or antioxidant 168. The lubricating agent is ethylene bis stearamide, pentaerythritol stearate and oxidized polyethylene wax. Preferred Process: The temperature of the extruder is divided into 1-6 regions and machine head region from the feeding section to machine head; the temperature of each region is 170 plus minus 5 degrees C in first region of the cylinder, 180 plus minus 5 degrees C in second region, 180 plus minus 5 degrees C in third region, 185 plus minus 5 degrees C in the fourth region, 190 plus minus 5 degrees C in fifth region, 185 plus minus 5 degrees C in sixth region and 185 degrees C in the machine head region.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crystal nanopowder is copper, indium, gallium and selenium crystal nanopowder or copper, indium, gallium, selenium and sulfur crystal nanopowder. The transparent electrode is made of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, indium selenide, indium sulfide, zinc oxide, alumina zinc or aluminum nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer material is polyamide, polyimide, polyether imide, and polyamide imide or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal comprises lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tank is made of polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The other face material is a display device (50) or a face material with electric power generation layer, or both face materials are glass plates. Preferred Method: A liquid photocurable resin composition is applied to the peripheral portion of surface of face material (I) to form a non-hardened weir-like portion (42). A photocurable resin composition for layered portions (40) consisting of the photocurable resin composition is applied to the region enclosed by the weir-like portion. Face material (II) is laminated in a pressure-reduced atmosphere of 100 Pa or less to seal the weir-like portion. The weir-like portion and non-hardened layered portion are cured at 50 kPa or more, and the layered portion is hardened by light irradiation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photoinitiator is a phosphine oxide type photoinitiator. The resin composition optionally contains a chain transfer agent (1 part mass or less with respect to 100 parts mass of hardenable compound). The content of photoinitiator is 0.05-1 part mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The hardenable compound contains an oligomer having a curable group and a molecular weight of 1000-100000, and a monomer having a molecular weight of 125-600. The oligomer has acryloyloxy group and the monomer has methacryloyloxy group. The monomer contains a monomer having hydroxyl group, and monomer chosen from alkyl methacrylate having 8-22C alkyl group. The monomer having hydroxyl group contains hydroxymethacrylate having 1-2 hydroxyl groups and 3-8C hydroxyalkyl group. The irradiated light is emitted from a fluorescent lamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base material is made of polyethylene naphthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The TCM layer includes aluminum. The HUVRBL layer includes a material including silicone, cyclic olefin, acrylic, ceramic, glass, polyvinyl butyl, ethylene copolymer, and/or fluorine containing polymers. The EIM comprises materials such as metal oxide, metal salt, glass, silicone, polydimethylsiloxane, polymer, vapor deposited oxides and ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Molded object contains 50-300 weight parts of aluminum titanate ceramic sintered powder with respect to 100 weight parts of resin. Resin is a mixture of thermosetting resin and/or thermoplastic resin. Molded object contains core material on which carbon fiber reinforced composite is placed. Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of aluminum titanate ceramic sintered powder is 0.001-100 mu m. Thickness of each resin-impregnated fiber layer is 20-80 mu m. Preferred Processes: Molded object is obtained by heating and grinding aluminum titanate ceramic sintered powder formed from raw material consists of titanium dioxide, alumina, and alkali feldspar. Carbon fiber is carbon fiber draw-aligned by one direction, greater than or equal to 2 resin-impregnated fiber layers obtained by impregnating resin composition to carbon fiber are laminated on thickness direction, and carbon fiber reinforced composite is obtained, wherein carbon fiber is oriented to one direction in each resin-impregnated fiber layer and to multiple directions in resin-impregnated fiber layer as a whole. Resin composition layer is provided between resin-impregnated fiber layers. Resin composition layer is formed by applying resin composition on surface of carbon fiber reinforced composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum titanate ceramic sintered powder with respect to 100 parts weight of resin is 50-300 parts weight. The aluminum titanate ceramic sintered powder is obtained by baking and pulverizing raw material containing titanium dioxide, alumina and alkali feldspar, and has average particle diameter of is 0.001-100 mu m. The carbon fiber has fabric weight of 20-80 g/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is thermosetting resin and/or thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The resin layer (5) and reflection layer are laminated adjacently or laminated through two-layer-structured layer, or adhesion layer and reflection layer are laminated adjacently or laminated through two-layer-structured layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The transparent conductive layer contains electroconductive metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The electroconductive film has water vapor permeability of 0.5 g/m2/day or less. The reflection prevention layer has softening temperature of 100 degrees C or more and center plane average surface roughness (Ra) of 30 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent contains 1000 ppm or less of water, and is chosen from tetrahyrofuran, diethyl ether, oxetane, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. The ether solvent is non-distillate containing 1000 ppm or less of water. The solvent contains proton solvent chosen from alcohol, water, thiol, phenol, amine and carboxylic acid. The solvent further contains ketone, ester, amide and/or imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Catalyst: The polymerization catalyst is nickel phosphine group catalyst chosen from tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoethane)nickel(II) chloride, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane nickel(II) chloride and bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene nickel(II) chloride. EXAMPLE - 2-Bromo-5-iodo-3-hexyl thiophene (in g) (0.286) and tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) were added to flask under argon atmosphere. Tetrahydrofuran solution of dilithium tetra(t-butyl)zincate was added and stirred at 0 degrees C for 2 hours. 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphinoethane)nickel(II) chloride (6.7 mg) was added and polymerized. The temperature was raised to 60 degrees C, and further polymerized. The polymer was precipitated by pouring the obtained solution into methanol/water. The solution was filtered and dried to produce polythiophene having molecular weight distribution of 1.15 at yield of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic composition further contains lithium salt. The electrolytic composition is film form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A dopant chosen from halogen ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, perchlorate ion, organic sulfonate ion, organic carboxylate ion and amic acid ion is doped with the polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is copolymer containing isoindole polymer and heterocyclic compound polymer of formula (II).R6,R7=R1;or R6+R7=alkylene or -OCH2CH2O-;X=S, O orR8=H, 1-10C alkyl o 6-20C aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains copper, iron, chromium, silicon and/or their oxides. The flow volume of hydrogen gas is 1-100 sccm. Preferred Property: The surface roughness of metal substrate is 0.01 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The multilayer graphene is obtained by heat processing layer containing organic polymer compound formed on metal substrate at 800-1700 degrees C in presence of hydrogen. The hydrogen gas is contacted with organic polymer compound. The organic polymer compound has substituent comprising oxygen. Preferred Layer: The polymer film is transparent polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The luminescent organic compounds are anthraquinones, coumarins, benzocoumarins, xanthenes, benzo(a)xanthenes, benzo(B)xanthenes, benzo(C)xanthenes, phenoxazines, benzo(a)phenoxazines, benzo(B)phenoxazines, benzo(C)phenoxazines, napthalimides, naphtholactams, azlactones, methines, oxazins, thiazines, dicetopyrrolopyrroles, perylenes, quinacridones, benzoxanthenes, thio-epindolines, lactamimides, diphenylmaleimides, acetoacetamides, imidazothiazines, benzanthrones, perylenmonoimides, perylenes, phthalimides, benzotriazoles, pyrimidins, pyrazines, triazoles, dibenzofurans, triazines, barbituric acid, Lumogen (RTM: Black pigment) and Lambdachrome (RTM: Laser dyes).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The matrix includes hardener that is selected from a group consisting of hexylene diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate and dihpenylmethane diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The respective thickness of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1:2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structure reinforcing layer comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The bonding layer comprises component (E). The weatherable layer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride. The adhesive layer comprises polyethylene particle co-extrusion flow casting film. The structure enhancing layer has a thickness of 180-300 microns. The weatherable layer has a size of 20-35 microns. The component (E) of the bonding layer has size of 40-80 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon containing material includes cellulose, polymers including polysulfone, polypropylene, poly ethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, and/or polysaccharides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface-control agent is silicone-type surface-control agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus component in the hardened material is 0.1-100 mg/m2. The content of zirconium component in the organic-inorganic composite process layer is 0.5-60 mg/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the stainless steel plate is 20-400 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of resin component in the organic-inorganic composite process layer is 5-800 mg/m2. The ratio of oxazoline group-containing resin with respect to total content of carboxyl group-containing resin in the resin composition is 2-50 %mass. The resin composition further contains a basic zirconium compound. The laminated component further has acid-modified polyolefin-based resin layer having thickness of 10-100 mu m between the organic-inorganic composite process layer and the heat-fusible polyolefin resin layer, and resin layer formed on the other surface of the stainless steel plate. Preferred Property: The acid value of the carboxyl group-containing resin is 300 mgKOH/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material of trunk and branch is inorganic semiconductor and/or metal oxide, preferably titania, cadmium sulfide, iron(II) sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, indium nitride, indium-gallium nitride, gallium nitride, lead sulfide, lead telluride, lead selenide, bismuth sulfide, indium-bismuth, gallium-bismuth, thallium-bismuth, copper-indium-gallium selenide, and/or copper-indium-gallium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The electroconductive film has sheet resistance of 0.1-10000 (~o)/square, and light transmittance of 70% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanowire contains alloy with metal other than silver, and/or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used in the electroconductive film formation is water or alkaline solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of photosensitive layer is 0.01-0.3 mu m. Preferred Composition: The conductive fiber is metal nanowire. The polymer has average acid value of 50-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The photosensitive layer comprises further contains dispersion medium (B). The mass ratio (B/C) of dispersion medium (B) and conductive fiber (C) is 2.5-15. The compound having ethylenically unsaturated double bond is monomer or oligomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube is single wall carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube or fibrous carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent in the dispersion is o-dichlorobenzene, benzene, dimethylformamide, monochlorobenzene or N-methylpyrrolidone. The addition amount of the solvent is 100-500 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The radical polymer has nitroxide-containing structural units chosen from formulae (II)-(VII). The radical polymer is poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl oxy-4-yl methacrylate). The composite contains 1-20 wt.% of carbon nanotube and 80-99 wt.% of radical polymer. Preferred Process: The processing with ultrasonic wave is performed at 0-30 degrees C for 1-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transmission lines are separated by a dielectric made of benzocyclobutene or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The up-conversion phosphor contains ytterbium and erbium-doped lanthanum-molybdenum oxide or ytterbium and holmium-doped lanthanum-molybdenum oxide. The down-conversion phosphor comprises europium-doped potassium-calcium-gadolinium phosphate (KCaGd(PO4)2:Eu3+) or europium-doped potassium-strontium-gadolinium phosphate (KSrGd(PO4)2:Eu3+). The phosphor layer further contains europium and manganese-doped barium-magnesium-aluminum oxide (BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Mn2+) or europium-doped barium-strontium-magnesium-silicon oxide ((Ba,Sr,Mg)2SiO4:Eu2+). The photoelectric conversion layer contains polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and/or cadmium telluride. Preferred Layer: The phosphor-containing solar cell further has anti-reflection layer containing silicon nitride, silicon oxide and/or silicon oxynitride formed on the photoelectric conversion layer or between photoelectric conversion layer and phosphor layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of phosphor layer is 1-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The phosphor layer further has polymer coating containing polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide and/or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acquisition of the materials dates takes place before the delivery. The adjustment of the moisture content of the material to a target value takes place using a drying process. The drying process takes place using solar heat, process heat and/or an open drying process in air, where warmth for the drying process is obtained by a feedback with an allothermic gasifier. The compaction step comprises an agglomeration process. In the method, a binding agent is added before the compaction step, where the binding agent is added by mixing biogenous raw materials. The method further comprises drying and/or cooling the compact bulk material. The energy required for the preparation of the bulk material is generated from electricity of already manufactured bulk material. Preferred Components: The bulk material has a thin weight of 500-800 kg/m3 and a residual moisture of 5-15 wt.%. The bulk material is in the form of pellets or briquettes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic device further comprises a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, and a second electrode, where the active layer is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device is free of electron barrier layer or hole blocking layer. The active layer is directly arranged in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode. The active layer comprises (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester and 15-30 wt.% of (I). The weight ratio of (I) to electron acceptor is 15:85-30:70, preferably 25:75. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1, Ar4 = phenylene; and    Ar2, Ar3 = phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution concentration of sensitizing dye in a dye solution is 0.01-10 mM. The addition amount of cation compound in a dye solution is 0.01-100 molar equivalent with respect to the mole equivalent of dye. Preferred Conditions: The temperature of dye solution is 0-50 degrees C. The adsorption time of dye solution is 0.5-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): 5-membered ring-containing compound of formula (A) is reacted with halogenated alkyl compound in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and potassium hydroxide to obtain nitrogen-containing condensed ring compound of formula (B).R"=R1,R2;Wasterisk=W1,W2;Zasterisk=Z1,Z2;andR'=monovalent group containing alkane structure.Preferred Unit: The structural unit (I) is of formula (I'). The structural unit (II) is of formula (II'). The polymer further contains repeating unit of formula: -(Ar2)- or of formula (V).R0=substituent;m=0-2;Ar2=-CRa=CRb-, -CC-, or aromatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted);Ra,Rb=H, halo, or 1-20C alkyl, 6-60C aryl or 4-60C heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted);Z3=-O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)(=O)-, -C(-R13)=C(-R14)-, -C(-R15)=N-, or -N(-R16)-, preferably -S-;R7+R8+C,R13+R14+C=ring;andR7,R8,R13-R16=H, halo or monovalent group. Preferred Definitions:    Y2,Y4=single bond;    Ar1=benzene ring or thiophen ring;    Z1,Z2=-S-;and    W1,W2=-N=.    EXAMPLE - 3,3,17,17-Tetradodecyl-6,14-bis(tris(propan-2-yl)silyl)-7,10,13-trithia-5,15-diazapentacyclo(9.6.0.02,9.04,8.012,16)heptadeca-1(11),4(8),5,12(16),14-pentaene and tetrahydrofuran were added into heat-dried round bottom flask. Lithium diisopropylamide was added, nitrogen gas was substituted in round bottom flask, cooled at -78 degrees C and reacted. After stirring for 1 hour, water was added at -78 degrees C, heated at room temperature, and extracted with chloroform. The product was dried with magnesium sulfate, organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified to obtain 17,17-didodecyl-3,3-diundecyl-7,10,13-trithia-5,15-diazapentacyclo(9.6.0.02,9.04,8.012,16)heptadeca-1(11),4(8),5,12(16),14-pentaene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide semiconductor fine particle layer contains titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, strontium titanate and tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4- difluoroethylene carbonate and/or 4,5-difluoro ethylene carbonate. The component (C) is hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, dicyclohexyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate, bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,5-diylbis(methyl isocyanate), bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane 2,6-diylbis(methyl isocyanate), di-isocyanic-acid isophorone, 2,2,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, and/or polyisocyanate compound. The compound (I) contains succinic anhydride or maleic anhydride. The carbon-carbon unsaturated bond-containing carbonate is vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate and/or ethynyl ethylene carbonate. The content of components (A)-(C) in nonaqueous electrolyte solution is respectively 0.001-10 %mass, 0.001-10 %mass and 0.001-10 %mass. Preferred Definitions:    R1=-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CH=C(CH3)-, -CH2-C(=CH2)- or group of formula (i);and    M=-O-, -NH- or -N(-CH3)-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second and/or the third coating is formed as a polyimide coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrically nonconductive layer of insert includes material containing aluminum nitride, beryllium oxide, graphite, silicon carbide and/or aluminum-silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrically nonconductive layer of laminate includes material comprising thermosetting industrial laminate (FR4-G10), polyimide, Durastone (RTM: thermoset polymer) and Stablcor (RTM: thermally and electrically conductive carbon composite material).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises epoxy resin and fatty-acid silver salt. The epoxy resin is bisphenol-A epoxy resin and polyhydric-alcohol type glycidyl epoxy resin. The fatty-acid silver salt is chosen from carboxy silver salt group (-COOAg) and hydroxyl group (-OH), and/or polycarboxylic acid silver salt having three or more of carboxy silver salt group. The fatty-acid silver salt is 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl)-n-butyric-acid silver salt and/or 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid silver salt. The polycarboxylic acid silver salt is 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid silver salt. Preferred Properties: The bisphenol-A epoxy resin has 1500-4000 g/eq of epoxy equivalent. The glycidyl epoxy resin has less than or equal to 1000 g/eq.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Molecular weight of organic compound polymer is greater than or equal to 10000. Dielectric constant at 20 degrees C of solvent is 55-65. Preferred Components: Organic compound skeleton with pi electron conjugation cloud is tetrathiafulvalene skeleton. Organic compound polymer has a structure of formula (2). Solvent contains cyclic carbonate or cyclic ester. Cation in the electrolytic salt consists of anion and cation contains quaternary ammonium salt, or is a lithium ion.n=repeating number of monomer unit..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-polymer-type binder is metallic soap, metal complex, metal alkoxide, halosilanes, 2-alkoxy ethanol, ( beta )-diketone, and/or alkyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is a hardened binder chosen from at least one of polymer-type binder and non-polymer-type binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The 1st resin film base material consists of polyester resins and the 2nd resin film base material consists of fluororesins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The casing is stainless steel casing or aluminum-plated zinc plate casing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is used as polyurethane insulating layer. A heat insulating layer is formed by polyurethane integrated foaming technology.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film is formed of aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium doped tin oxide and doped gallium nitride. The non-transparent nickel-vanadium layer is used formed on back electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer middle film is made of polyvinyl butyral resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer of desired thickness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating layer is polyethylene foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic substance in composite phase change material is saturated fatty acid or linear paraffin. The saturated fatty acid is of formula: CH3(CH2)nCOOH. The linear paraffin is of formula: CmH2m+2.n=6,8,10 or 12;andm=15-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic material in composite phase change material is expanded graphite, foam aluminum, foam copper or carbon foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane is formed as a polyethylene micro-porous film, a polypropylene micro porous membrane, a polyacrylonitrile membrane, a cellulose non-woven fabric, a polyimide Nano fiber film, a polysulfone film and a modified film and composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The ethylene copolymers are obtained using comonomer (1-30 wt.%) chosen from octene, propylene, acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The backsheet comprises fluororesin layer containing polyvinylidene resin and polyester resin layer containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate. Preferred Property: The thickness of ethylene copolymer layers and polyethylene layers is 100-800 mu m and 50-200 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent comprises hydrogen iodide, hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide, preferably hydrogen iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halogen- containing reducing agent solution comprises hydrogen iodide solution and mixture of weak acid chosen from acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid and benzoic acid, preferably acetic acid. The dispersed solution further contains surfactant. The surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium octylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfate, triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium butylbenzoate, dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dextrin and/or polystyrene-polyethylene oxide. Preferred Process: The method further involves doping the substrate with nitric acid, sulfuric acid or thionyl chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass, silicon/silicon dioxide or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The reinforcing filler is silica micropowder, talc powder or chopped fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The active diluent is o-cresol single glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl dicarbinol diglycidyl ether or 1,6-diol diglycidyl ether. The accelerating agent is dimethylamino methylphenol. The coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyl triethoxy silane or gamma -glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The epoxy resin mixture comprises 35% of bisphenol F epoxy resin, 10% of bisphenol S epoxy resin and 55% of bisphenol A epoxy resin. The mixed amine hardener is polyamide and modified amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is a titanium dioxide micropowder, calcium carbonate micropowder, or zinc sulfide micropowder. It has an average particular diameter of less than 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluorochloroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-trifluorochloro ethylene copolymer, and/or vinyl fluoride hexafluoropropylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The processing agent is methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymers such as MMA/methacrylate copolymer, MMA/styrene copolymer, or acrylonitrile/styrene copolymer. The lubricating agent is fatty alcohol and its dicarboxylic acid, fatty acid alcohol of short chain alcohol, fatty acid amide, composite ester of fatty acid, natural paraffin, synthetic paraffin, montan wax, lignite wax, polyethylene wax, or polypropylene wax. The antiblocking agent is silicone master batch, erucylamide, or N,N'-ethylene stearamide. The membrane further comprising 0-20 pts.wt. flow modifier comprising phthalate ester solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The transmittance of the transparent conductive oxide glass is greater than 90%. The transmittance of the transparent polyimide substrate is 90-93%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar low-molecular-weight compound is basic amine. The basic amine is secondary or tertiary alcohol amine or alkylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The siloxane polymer has contact angle of 75 degrees or more, with respect to water. Preferred Composition: The siloxane polymer has structural unit of formula: -(SiO3/2(-Ra))- (a).Ra=optionally substituted aromatic ring or aliphatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyester polyol (A) has ester bond degree of 0.6-0.99, preferably 0.75-0.99.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The water vapor permeation rate of moisture proof film is preferably less than 0.01 g/m2.day. The back surface film has melting point of preferably 130-180 degrees C and thickness of 25-300 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The back surface film contains resin chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, polyvinyl fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride. The back surface film is polypropylene resin film having elasticity modulus of 1000 MPa or more at 23 degrees C and crystallization start temperature of 120 degrees C or more. The polypropylene resin film contains 0.05-5 parts mass of crystallization nucleating agent with respect to 100 parts mass of polypropylene. Polypropylene is homo polypropylene. The base material is a polyester-based resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ITO substrate is etched with a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The etched ITO and substrate is cleaned with trichloroethylene, acetone, and isopropanol. The weight ratio of P3HT and PCBM is 1:1. The substrate is low alkaline earth boroaluminosilicate glass, cloth, or plastics. The cloth is made of nylon cloth, cotton cloth, polyester cloth, hemp cloth, or bamboo cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer has ring structure-containing unit of formula (I).R1=H, glycidyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl or 1-20C hydrocarbyl optionally substituted having halo;R2=methylene group;R3,R5=methylene group or direct bond;R4=H, methylene optionally substituted by 1-4C alkyl, phenyl, carboxy, ester or cyano;X,Y'=1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, oxygen or sulfur;andZ=methylene optionally having 1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, oxygen, sulfur or direct bond.At least one of X, Y' and Z is oxygen, sulfur, or imino. Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent further contains hardening agent chosen from polyisocyanate (block) compound, epoxy resin and oxazoline group-containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode (a) is cathode and electrode (b) is anode. The pyrene compound is copolymer containing structural unit of formula (II).Z=carbon, silicon or germanium, preferably silicon;R5,R6=alkyl, fluoro alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkylsilyl (all optionally substituted);andor R5+R6=ring.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of pyrene compound is 15000-50000. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=alkyl, alkyl ether, alkylthio ether, fluoro alkyl, fluoro alkyl ether or fluoro alkylthio ether;and    X1-X4=nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The assembled layers are formed of glass fibers and/or basalt fibers and/or carbon fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The molar ratio of silicon dioxide and aluminum dioxide in the zeolite is 20-40. The adsorption agent has BET surface area of 450-650 m2/g, preferably 550-650 m2/g. The average particle diameter of adsorption agent observed by scanning electron microscope is 0.2-0.5 mu m, preferably 0.2-0.3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Boronic acid and 60C fullerene are reacted in presence of rhodium catalyst in o-dichlorobenzene/water, and heated at 60-100 degrees C for 1-12 hours, to obtain fullerene derivative. Preferred Property: The fullerene derivative has reduction potential of 1160 mV or more. EXAMPLE - (2,6-Bis(heptyloxy)phenyl)boranediol (362 mg), 60C fullerene (500 mg), o-dichlorobenzene (50 mL), water (12.5 mL) and bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I)tetrafluoroborate as catalyst were added and stirred under argon gas atmosphere at 60 degrees C for 2 hours. Obtained insoluble material was filtered, and solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Obtained product was separated and refined, to obtain fullerene derivative (521 mg), with yield of 67%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic glass powder comprises (in wt.%) silicon dioxide (5-15), bismuth oxide (40-80), boron oxide (2-4), zinc oxide (4-8), barium oxide (1-3) and calcium oxide (1-1.5). Preferred Components: The additive is titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide and/or antimony oxide. Preferred Property: The additive has particle size of less than 5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum paste comprises organic binder comprising (in mass%) terpineol (45-55), ethyl cellulose (5-10), diethylene glycol butyl ether acetic ester (40-50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic filler is calcium carbonate, titanium white, silica and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The antioxidant is aromatic amine antioxidant and hindered phenol antioxidant. The assistant antioxidant is thiodipropionate diester and phosphite ester. The crosslinking agent is dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxide)-2,5-dimethyl n-hexane, XD-177 and DCP crosslinking agent. The processing assistant agent is zinc stearate, calcium stearate, stearate, ceresin wax and polyethylene wax. The UV absorber is benzotriazole type comprising 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-ditert-butyl-5'-methyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-diamylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-phenylbenzotriazole-5 sulfoacid, salicylic acid-2-ethyl hexyl ester, alpha -hydroxy cyclohexyl benzene ketone, 2,4-dihydroxy dibenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxy dibenzophenone. The UV stabilizer is di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine) ester sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polyolefin resin is polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butylene copolymer, ethylene-octylene copolymer and ethylene-cycloolefin copolymer. The adhesive resin is ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer and polyvinyl butyral. The functional additive is antioxidant, assistant antioxidant, UV absorber, UV stabilizer, inorganic filler and processing assistant agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is an isocyanate, where the crosslinking agent present in the adhesive is 0.01-150 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin; and the product of hydroxy value (mg potassium hydroxide/g) of hydroxy group-containing polyolefin and number of parts by weight of hydroxy group-containing polyolefin in the adhesive relative to 100 parts by weight of polyolefin is 0.25-14250. The polyolefin is a polymer having a constitutional unit derived from at least one of propylene, butene, hexene or octene. The adhesive layer has a: thickness of 1-100 mu m; and a gel fraction of not less than 75% when extracted with an electrolytic solution with a weight ratio of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate of 1:1. EXAMPLE - Adhesive solution (composed Oppanol B80 (RTM: Polyisobutylene) (100 parts by weight), Oppanol B12 (RTM: Polyisobutylene) (25 parts by weight), Epole (RTM: Liquid hydrogenated polyisoprene having hydroxy group on the terminal) (2 parts by weight) and CORONATE L (RTM: Ethyl acetate solution of adduct of tolylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane) (3 parts by weight)) was applied to the inner surface of a wound substrate (Torayfan B02548 (RTM: Biaxially-oriented polypropylene film)) by using a reverse roll coater. The resultant substrate applied with the adhesive solution was then dried in a drying tower at 80 degrees C to form an adhesive layer. The resultant substrate having the formed adhesive layer was then wounded to obtain a roll-shaped adhesive tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper (Cu(I))-containing material comprises Cu(I) oxide, which comprises copper oxide (Cu2O) or CuxO, in which x is 1-2. The p-type sol comprises vanadic acid, vanadium(V) chloride, vanadium(V) alkoxide, nickel(II) chloride, nickel(II) alkoxide, copper(II) acetate, copper(II) alkoxide, molybdenum(V) chloride, and/or molybdenum(V) alkoxide. The Cu(I) salt comprises copper sulfide, copper selenide, telluride, copper (I) thiocyanate, and/or copper selenocyanate. The electron acceptor material comprises a material consisting of substituted fullerenes, inorganic nanoparticles, oxadiazoles, discotic liquid crystals, carbon nanorods, inorganic nanorods, polymers containing cyanide groups, and/or polymers containing trifluoromethyl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor material comprises a polymer consisting of polythiophene and/or a polycyclopentadithiophene. The polymer of the binder comprises an acrylic resin, an ionic polymer or a polymer containing an electron accepting group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first semiconductor layer is made of cadmium telluride and the second semiconductor layer is made of cadmium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pores, cracks or pinholes are filled in the semiconductor layer, preferably filled in a first semiconductor layer, before forming the second contact electrode. The polymerization is carried out as an electric-reduction polymerization. The electro-reduction-polymerization is carried out in a weak acidic solution, at room temperature, as a cyclic voltammetry, in a three-electrode cell with a counter electrode made of platinum or graphite, with a reference electrode and a working electrode, where the working electrode is the first metallic contact electrode. Preferred Components: An electrically insulating layer (2) is formed between the flexible metallic carrier layer and the first base metallic contact electrode and the pores, cracks or pinholes are filled in the electrically insulating layer, before forming the first base metal contact electrode. The polymerizable electrical insulator comprises a monomer which includes pyridines. The polymerizable electrical insulator is a vinyl pyridine, preferably 4-vinylpyridine. The weak acidic solution is an electrolyte containing a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and perchloric acid, preferably the weak acidic solution is a solution comprising a mixture of methanol and water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The male and female heads are made of steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin sealing material is (meth)acrylic-type resin. The resin sealing material has cycloalkyl (meth)acrylateo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of layer (A) is 2-15 mu m and the thickness of layer (B) is 10 mu m or more. Layer (B) contains titanium dioxide (7-50 wt.%). The polyester film is used in a solar cell having a junction box (7), such that layer (A) is not on the side of junction box. The laminated polyester film has a color tone change of less than 15 after a light resistance test and an optical density of 0.5 or more. The 90 degrees peeling strength with respect to silicone resin on the surface of layer (A) located in the outermost layer is 30 N/15 mm or more. The peeling strength retention after processing at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for 1000 hours is 50% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device is made of aluminum and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device is made of polymer material such as Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the electroconductive particles contains bismuth, indium, tin and/or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (C) contains compound having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group. The conductive adhesive composition electrically connects the electrode and metal conducting wire of photovoltaic cell. Preferred Property: The boiling point of component (D) is 20-200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (B) contains thermosetting resin. The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin. The conductive adhesive composition further contains hardening agent or hardening accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) is dissolved in a solvent. The film contains a polymer in which the thiol group-containing charge transporting material is polymerized. The compound having an unsaturated bond is a monomer, oligomer or polymer having a charge transporting skeleton or having two or more unsaturated bonds in the same molecule and having no charge-transporting skeleton. The photosensitive layer contains a lubricant particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st and/or 2nd electrode layers are sintered bodies containing metal-particle chain body which has nickel (Ni) as main component and ion-conducting ceramic. Solid electrolyte layer has oxygen ion electroconductivity or proton electroconductivity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Connection part is formed from resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing film further comprises 0.05-2 parts weight of silane coupling agent. Preferred Components: The weight ratio of multi-epoxy group with respect to the bicyclic compound is 1:0-5.3. The multi-epoxy group compounds comprise tricyclic oxygen group compounds or tetracyclic oxygen group compounds. The content of epoxy compound relative to acetic acid-vinyl acetate copolymer (100 parts) is 1.2-3 parts. The antiaging agent comprises ultraviolet absorbent, light stabilizer and antioxidant. The antioxidant is hindered phenol antioxidant, phosphoric acid ester antioxidant or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting layer is an amorphous zinc oxide layer containing zinc oxide precursor synthesized by sol-gel method and water or alcohol in weight ratio of 1:0.25-1:5. The surfactant is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol. The surfactant is dissolved in organic solvent chosen from 2-ethylhexanol, 2- butoxyethanol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, N-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit includes boron trioxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, bismuth oxide, and/or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive comprises carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, or acrylic. The solvent comprises isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethyl digol, and orterpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The viscosity of the paste at 10 revolutions per minute (rpm), 25 degrees C is 1.0 to 300 Pa-second. The particle diameter (d50) of the electrically conductive metal particles is 0.1 to 5.0 mu m. The minimum inner diameter of the discharge slot of the nozzle unit is 5 to 100 mu m. The scan speed of the nozzle unit relative to the wafer while the conductive paste was being discharged onto the wafer was 1 to 500 mm/second. Irradiance level of the UV light is 1 to 1000 mJ/cm2. The width of the electrode is 10 to 100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of the glass frit is 0.5 wt.% to 15.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the paste; the content of the electrically conductive metal particles is 40 wt.% to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the paste; and the content of the organic solvent is less than 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the paste. The content of solid components comprising the electrically conductive metal particles, the glass frit and any other solid additives is 45 to 96 wt.%, based on the total weight of the paste. Preferred Components: The photo-curable conductive paste further comprises polymeric binder, where the content of the polymeric binder is less than 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the paste. The electrically conductive metal particles have spherical shape. Preferred Method: Producing solar cell electrode by using dispenser further comprises firing the patterned and cured electrode after step (c).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition contains 0.8-50 parts weight of talc. The talc has average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5-20 mu m and apparent density of 0.05-0.5 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 2-60 parts weight of coloring agent and 2-60 parts weight of talc with respect to 100 parts weight of polyvinylidene fluoride resin. The weight ratio of coloring agent and talc is 20:1-1:20. The coloring agent is titanium oxide or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene fluoride resin is vinylidene fluoride homopolymer, vinylidene fluoride copolymer having 15 mol% or less of vinylidene fluoride unit, fluorinated vinylidene hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene trifluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene terpolymer or fluorinated vinylidene chlorotrifluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene terpolymer. The composition further contains 30 parts weight or less of another thermoplastic resin with respect to 100 parts weight of polyvinylidene fluoride resin. The other thermoplastic resin is polymethylmethacrylate. A pigment dispersant, ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer, delustering agent, lubricating agent, color regulator, crystal nucleating agent or elastomer (10 parts weight or less) with respect to polyvinylidenefluoride resin (100 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The bus electrode of photovoltaic cell is formed using a glass paste containing silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter (r) of the electroconductive particles is more than 10 point average surface roughness (Rz) of the surface electrode. The electroconductive adhesive film has elastic modulus of 0.5-4 GPa. The electroconductive particles have chestnut shell shape or spherical shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating adhesive agent contains a rubber component. The content of rubber component contained with respect to total content of insulating adhesive agent is 9-34 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The protection component layer is directly formed on the surface of sealing film sheet. The resin composition contains a resin material chosen from fluoro resin, polyvinylidene chloride and polyether imide. The fluoro resin is polyvinyl chloride or tetrafluoroethylene ethylene copolymer. The coating liquid is directly coated on the surface of sealing film sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device is made of aluminum and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device is made of thermoplastic polyurethane, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The cover material is a temperature resistant material with a transparency of at least 85% in average of 350-2000 nm selected from borosilicate glass, quartz glass, white glass and composites or their laminates. The frame material is selected from copper, aluminum, aluminum alloys, aluminum silicon alloys, aluminum silicon carbide alloys, steel, ceramics and their composites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The encapsulation material (2) is silicone. The space between encapsulation material (2), cover plate (1) and frame (7) is at least partially filled with a temperature resistant sealing material, preferably selected from viton sealing, glass fiber, ceramic sealing, graphite sealing, silicone, epoxy, polyurethane and their composites. Preferred Parameter: The encapsulation material (2) is liquid during processing and thus has a viscosity of 200-40000 mPas at 20-30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is toluene or xylene substituted by chlorine atom or bromine atom, or thiophene or furan substituted by chlorine atom or bromine atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in conductive particles is chosen from bismuth, indium, tin and zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The flux activator contains compound having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of flux activator is 10 mu m or less. Preferred Process: The electrode of the photovoltaic cell is coated with conductive adhesive composition, and wiring component is arranged such that electrode and wiring component are mutually opposed. The sealing component (2) and transparent component (1) are laminated on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell, and the sealing component and protection component (5) are laminated on the opposite side of the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell. The resultant laminated structure is heated and adhered.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive composition further contains hardening agent or hardening accelerator. The thermosetting resin contains epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal in conductive particles is chosen from bismuth, indium, tin and zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The flux activator contains compound having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in a molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting resin contains epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester material contains polyester powder (0.01-5 %mass with respect to total content of polyester pellets), titanium-type catalyst (1-50 ppm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of liquid crystal polymer resin or liquid crystalline polyester. The insulation resin base includes polymer made of phenol, phthalic acid, para hydroxy benzoic acid, and the polymer made of 6-hydroxy 2-naphthoic acid and para hydroxy benzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wiring section is provided with silver that is plated onto copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filler is provided with ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer resin, low density polyethylene resin, or ionomer resin. The end surface sealing material is provided with glass epoxy resin or high-density polypropylene resin. The contact bonding layer of solar cell module is provided with epoxy resin or acrylic resin. The front surface protective film is provided with glass, polycarbonate resin, or poly methacryl resin. The back surface protective film is provided with polyolefin resin, polyester resins, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polypropylene, aluminum, or glass. The filler is selected from copolymers which polymerized ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin-type polymer, cyclic polyethylene, ionomer, or polyacrylic acid-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The active layer further contains n-type semiconductor compound chosen from fullerene compound, borane derivative, thiazole derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzothiadiazole derivative, N-alkyl-substituted naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide, N-alkyl-substituted perylene diimido derivative, and n-type polymeric semiconductor compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second protection layer may be formed by at least one of Siloxane, poly dialkyl siloxane (PDAS) or film types of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoactive layer includes silicon. It may also include multi-crystalline silicon or nanocrystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber further comprises protective layer including polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device is made of polymer i.e. polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Polymeric resin of a solar cell unit contains acryl-type polymer or thermosetting resin. Silicon monocrystal photovoltaic cell, silicon polycrystal photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic cell that is laminated with amorphous silicon on silicon monocrystal is provided in the solar cell unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The powder filler is baked, and further contains titanium oxide. The content of powder filler with respect to 100 parts mass of curable resin is 150-700 parts mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin is compound having two or more unsaturated groups in a molecule. The curable resin composition further contains compound having one or more amino group or imino group in a molecule, and photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive particles are chosen from bismuth, indium, tin and zinc, and have average particle diameter of 2-95 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flatting agent is silicone flatting agent and/or acrylic acid flatting agent. The weight ratio of organosilicon flatting agent and acrylic acid flatting agent is 1-1:20. The crosslinking curing agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butyl peroxide)hexane, 1,1-di-t-butyl hexane peroxide, 3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane, and/or t-butylperoxide-ethylhexyl-carbonate. The ultraviolet light absorbent is 2, 2',4,4'-dimethoxy benzophenone, 2-(4,6-bi(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(octyloxy)phenol, 2,6,6-(tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate, and/or bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate. The silane coupling agent is gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane. The antioxidant is tri(2,4-di-t-butyl phenyl)phosphite ester, tetra( beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionic acid)pentaerythritol ester, beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid-n-octadecanol ester, octadecyl pentaerythritol phosphate, and/or thiodipropionate distearyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone levelling agent is polymethyl alkyl siloxane or aralkyl-modified polymethyl alkyl siloxane. The acrylic flatting agent is acrylic ester copolymer, fluorine-modified acrylate copolymer or phosphate ester modified acrylic ester copolymer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 33 wt.% and fusion index of 25-45 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoride material layer comprises at least two of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluoroethylene (tetrafluoroethylene or trifluoroethylene)-vinyl ether copolymer. The material of the polyimide film comprises at least two of thermosetting polyimide, thermoplastic polyimide, insoluble and infusible polyamide-imide, soluble polyimide and low-temperature curable polyimide. The material of the binding layer is an instant dry binder, an anaerobic adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, a thermosetting resin binder, emulsion, and latex-based binder and/or a high-temperature binder. The structure enhancing layer is thermoplastic polypyromellitimide and the material of the weathering layer is polyvinylidene fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The thickness of the weathering layer is 10-30 mu m, preferably 15-25 mu m, the thickness of the structure enhancing layer is 150-300 mu m, preferably 80-250 mu m, and the thickness of the binding layer is 5-20 mu m, preferably 8-15 mu m. The weathering layer is fluoride material layer and the structure enhance layer is a polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The iron salt is ferric nitrate, iron chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, pyrophosphate. The phosphate is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and hydrophosphate. The lithium salt is selected from lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium chloride, acetate, oxalate, formate, citrate, and lactic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon source is sucrose, glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, vitamin C, phenolic resin, vinyl acetate cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and pyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer is a group II element or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The center pin is made of tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, cupric oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The center pin is made of stainless steel, copper, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, niobium, zinc and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high molecular resin film is made of polyethylene terephthalate, poly acrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide, polystyrene, PTFE, polytetramethyleneterephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly vinyl carbazole, PVC, polyvinylidene chloride or polyvinylidene fluoride. The center pin is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The base material is selected from a group consisting of steel, nickel and titanium. The artifact is grit-blasted with 400 grit aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dry film lubricant is PTFE lubricant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic transparent resin includes a pressure sensitive adhesive or a hot melt adhesive, acrylic resin, polysilicone, or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bag is wrapped into an approximately cylindrical body. The bag is wrapped by a flat, flexible protective material, preferably a nonwoven fabric. The wrapped bag is packed into an elastic supporting cover, preferably a compressing cover (36). The bag is made of plastic. The channel is delimited by a number of parallel connecting curves, preferably welding seams, along which two oppositely lying inner sides of the bag are interconnected, which alternatively extend from a first edge of the bag up to a distance corresponding to the width of the channel between adjacent connecting curves to an opposing second edge and from the second edge to a distance, preferably the same distance of the first edge. The inlet and the outlet are provided in the vicinity of the same edge of the bag. The bag is arranged in a fixed protective housing, which is made up of two half-shells. The cavities between the protective housing and the bag are filled with an incompressible filler medium, preferably liquid or a foam filling. An abrasive protection product made of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyethylene or polyurethane, is arranged between the bag and the protective housing. The bag is attached by a cable clamp at a terminal portion of the protective housing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The continuous strand is filled with the phase change material such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and/or a block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gaseous phase contains bubble provided in the light-receiving portion. The gaseous phase includes air layer provided between the light-receiving portion and the heat transfer portion. The photothermal conversion substance is carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin containing the photothermal conversion substance is crosslinked polyolefin which is obtained by subjecting polyethylene to electron beam crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The primary membrane of gas accumulation chamber is made of laminated and calendered PVC and secondary membrane of gas accumulation chamber is made of polyester reinforced PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt is present at 11-12 wt.%. The additive is present at 0.2-5 wt.%. The salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide and/or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises 2-(3,5-difluoro-phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborinane, 2-bromo-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine, 3-bromo-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine, 2-chloro-3-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine, 2-((E)-hept-1-enyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-((Z)-1-propyl-pent-1-enyl)-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane, 2,4,6-trimethoxy-cyclotriboroxane and 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine. (II) comprises (3aR)-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(1,2-c)(1,3,2)oxazaborole or 1,5-dimethyl-4-oxa-1,5-aza-5,4-borabicyclo(3.3.0)octane-3,7-dione.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent is carbonates, furans, ethers, thioethers and/or nitriles, preferably ether polymers, polymethacrylate polymers, polyacrylate polymers and/or fluoropolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The second plate is made of copper or a copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The insulation plate is made of at least one of polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is mixture of liquid crystalline epoxy resin with biphenyl and bisphenol A type epoxy resin. The content of biphenyl liquid crystal epoxy resin is 33-100 %mass. The biphenyl liquid crystal epoxy resin is biphenyl diphenol diglycidyl ether. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is bisphenol-A type epoxy resin E-51. The unitary fatty amine is unitary nalkane amine of formula CH3(CH2)nNH2 (I), where n=1-15. Preferred Method: The method involves heating and melting the product at 160-190 degrees C. The preheating die is preheated at 140-170 degrees C. The method involves heating the product for 4-8 hours at 40-170 degrees C, and then curing the product for 0.5-2 hours at 200-220 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred layer: The transparent oxide conducting layer contains doped tin oxide, doped indium oxide and doped zinc oxide. The metal sheet is titanium-type metal sheet, tungsten-type metal sheet, molybdenum-type metal sheet, tantalum-type metal sheet or stainless steel. The aluminum titanate layer is formed using titanium salt alcohol solution or titanate colloid. The titanium alcohol salt of titanium alcohol salt solution is tetrabutyl titanate and/or isopropyl titanate. Preferred Property: The titanium oxide layer has thickness of 1-2000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent in the titanium salt alcohol solution is mixed solvent containing isopropanol and n-butyl alcohol mixed in the volume ratio of 0:10-10:0. The titanate colloid has dispersed phase chosen from water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and/or glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The flexible substrate is flexible conductive macromolecule film or metal sheet. The flexible conductive macromolecule film is made of polymer film and transparent oxide conducting layer. The polymer film contains poly(ethyleneterephthalate), poly(polyethylenenaphtalate) or polyimide. The flexible conductive macromolecule film is polyethylene glycol terephthalate film is tin-indium conductive layer or polyethylene naphthalate film. Preferred Properties: The flexible conductive macromolecule film has thickness of 100-500 mu m, and square resistance of 8-100 Omega per square.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inhibitor of the zinc powder is inorganic or organic corrosion inhibitor comprising indium oxide, thallium oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, gallium oxide, calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine-containing surfactant comprises hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and polyvinyl alcohol. The bonding agent of zinc powder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive silver powder is one or more of silver-nickel alloy powder, silver-magnesium alloy powder, and silver-copper alloy powder, where the silver powder comprises particle of 0.2-10 mu m. The glass powder is chosen from bismuth oxide powder, lead(II) oxide, diboron trioxide and silicon dioxide, or their mixtures. The phosphorus nickel alloy powder comprises particles of 1-10 microns. The organic carrier is solvent, thickening agent, plasticizer, surfactant or thixotropic agent. The solvent is turpentine oil, terpineol, carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate or tributyl citrate. The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose or butyl cellulose. The surfactant includes lecithin. The plasticizer is phthalate. The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The back plate further comprises a composite barrier to the adhesive layer and weathering layer and is formed by aluminum or silicon dioxide. The inorganic filling material is silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent in the first and second resin compositions is toluene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate or cyclohexanone. The mass ratio of the pts.mass of the resin composition is (60-80): (20-40).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene-vinyl ether copolymer, trifluorochloroethylene-vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylenevinyl ether copolymer, trifluoroethylene-alkyl ester copolymer, ethylene-alkyl vinyl ester copolymer and/or tetrafluoroethylene-alkyl vinyl ester copolymer. The matrix resin containing hydroxyl or carboxyl is polyester resin comprising a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, or a polyacrylate resin containing hydroxyl group or carboxyl group. The curing agent is epoxy resin curing agent, isocyanate curing agent and/or carbodiimide curing agent. Preferred Method: The method comprises curing the first resin composition on first parts of second resin composition and curing the first parts of the second resin composition at 30-60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive film manufacturing method further involves utilizing solution comprising the zinc peroxide precursor, where the solution comprises aluminum chloride as an additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film manufacturing method further involves utilizing (in wt.%) carbon nanotube powder (1-10) based on distributed coating liquid composition, where the distributed coating liquid further comprises (in weight parts) carbon nanotube powder (100) and surfactant (50-250). Preferred Components: The transparent conductive film manufacturing method further involves utilizing zinc peroxide precursor selected from zinc acetate dihydrate or zinc isopropoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic bonding agent is lead-free glass powder. The metal is silver, copper or gold. Preferred Method: The method utilizes a metal compound solution chosen from silver nitrate, silver carbonate, copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, or copper chloride, glass powder, complexing agent comprising citric acid, ammonia, ascorbic acid, solution of hydroquinone, ammonia, water or ethylene, metal compound, and dispersing agent chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone or alkyl alcohol i.e. oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The foaming agent is decomposable at 80-150 degrees C. The foaming agent contains carbonate salt, sulfonyl hydrazide compound, carbazide compound, azo compound, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, lithium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, azobisformamide, azobisisobutyronitrile, diazoaminobenzene and/or polymer resin. The polymer resin is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl polyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, carboxylmethylcellulose, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polyimide. The solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrolidone, acetone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformaldehyde and water. The pouch is made of nylon, and has modified-polypropylene heat-sealing layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The geometric isomer organic compound is of formula: R1O-C(=O)-CH=CH2-C(=O)-OR2 or of formula (I), or ethylene dicarboxylate.R1,R2=azobenzene derivative, spiropyran derivative, or alkylphenyl derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A resin layer containing geometric isomer organic compound is formed on the substrate. The substrate is made of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinylpluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene chlorotrifloroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate comprises a transfer layer that comprises polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron compound is iron sulfate, ferrous oxalate, iron phosphate, iron phosphate, ferric oxide, ferric nitrate and/or iron chloride. The phosphate compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate and/or ammonium phosphate. The reducing agent is sucrose, glucose, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and/or polyethylene glycol. The transition metal oxide is neodymium(III) oxide, vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium trioxide, tungsten(IV) oxide, manganese dioxide, cerium(IV) oxide, titanium dioxide, nickel(II) oxide, cobalt(II) oxide and/or copper(II) oxide. The transition metal sulfide is niobium disulfide, titanium(IV) sulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron disulfide, nickel disulfide and/or tellurium disulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic dispersant is ethanol, methanol, butanol, propyl alcohol, acetone and/or deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent substrate includes alkali series metal fluoride, soda ash glass, and plastic. The transparent electrode includes indium oxide, indium, tin, gallium, zinc, indium-tin oxide, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, gallium oxide/indium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide-indium oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, zinc/indium oxide-indium/tin oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-tin oxide and/or aluminum. The alkali series metal fluoride is chosen from lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, cesium fluoride, francium fluoride, beryllium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, strontium fluoride, barium fluoride and radium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal electrode includes silver, platinum, tungsten, copper, molybdenum, gold, nickel, and/or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-receptor includes fullerene, methyl (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyrate, methyl (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyrate, perylene, and/or 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic bis(benzimidazole).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole acceptor includes polythiophene, poly(2,3-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H- cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)), poly(3-hexylthiophene), copper phthalocyanine, cyanine pigment, thioindigo group pigment, melocyanine compound, cyanine compound, and/or poly(para-phenylenevinylene). The solar cell further has buffer layer formed between photoactive layer and metal electrode, including conductive polymer including phthalic cyanine derivative, naphthalocyanin derivative, aromatic amine compound, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), and/or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first polymer layer is made of a transparent material consisting of styrene-acrylonitrile terpolymer, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polycycloolefins, polystyrene, styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate glycol and/or poly(meth)acrylate. The second and third polymer layers are a layer of poly(meth)acrylate, a fluoropolymer or a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or a multilayer system composed of PMMA and PVDF.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main panel is made of polymeric plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulative polymer substance is polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The barrier layer comprises a heterocyclic compound. The cover layer comprises a resin composition; and a conductive material. Preferred Method: The step of forming the barrier layer and cover layer involves mixing a resin composition, a conductive material, and a heterocyclic compound, to prepare a cover layer precursor, applying the cover layer precursor to at least the partial region of first main surface and side surface of conductor layer, and heating the cover layer precursor; or involves forming a barrier layer having higher corrosion resistance to acids than that of conductor layer on at least the partial region of first main surface and side surface of conductor layer, and forming a conductive cover layer that covers the main surface and side surface of conductor layer and barrier layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material comprises at least one of a carbon material and a metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heterocyclic compound comprises nitrogen, an azole-based compound, and at least one of a tetrazole derivative, a diazole derivative, a thiadiazole derivative, and a triazole derivative. The heterocyclic compound preferably comprises a tetrazole derivative of formula (I); or a benzotriazole derivative of formula (II).R1-R4=H or a substituent group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin composition comprises at least one of phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide particle in the insulatively isolating layer is selected from a group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer of the insulatively isolating layer is selected from a group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber and siloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The small groove has a depth of 0.5-1.5 mm. The small groove is constructed in a semicircular depression structure in vertical section, where the small groove of the semicircular depression structure has a radius of curvature R of 0.3-3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The defined AOA is approximately 40 degrees . A plane of the solar cell is perpendicular to an angle defined as 0 degrees , and where the HOEs are configured to redirect sunlight impinging on the at least one material layer at angles of or -20 degrees and -85 degrees and angles of or 20-85 degrees relative to the defined 0 degrees angle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The ionic salt is lithium ion salt (0.1-3 moles/L) chosen from lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide and lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The complex of polymer further comprises a linear polymer which does not have a functional group. The content of plastic crystal matrix electrolyte doped with ionic salt contained in the solid electrolyte is 40-90 wt.%. The plastic crystal matrix electrolyte further comprises succinonitrile. The linear polymer having one functional group is chosen from polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol methylether acrylate and polyethylene glycol methylethermethacrylate. The linear polymer which does not have functional group is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyoxymethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(acrylonitrile), poly(methylmethacrylate), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyethyleneimine, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide, poly(methoxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate) and poly-2-methoxy ethyl glycidylether. The complex of polymer having crosslinking structure is obtained by polymerizing a monomer having at least 2 functional groups. The monomer having at least 2 functional groups is chosen from ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, divinylbenzene, polyester dimethacrylate, divinyl ether, trimethylolpropane and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fullerene-type compound is obtained by reacting fullerene with aromatic compound of formula (III). Preferred Properties: The square average roughness of the surface of the active layer is 0.5-5 nm. The additive is liquid at 25 degrees C. The additive has boiling point of 250-300 degrees C under normal pressure. Preferred Composition: The additive is substituted alkane having thiol group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin of the organic layer includes the structural unit of formula (1). Preferred Definitions:    n1+n2=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive component comprises a blend material, where the blend material comprises the fullerene compound as an electron-acceptor and the random copolymer as an electron-donor. The fullerene compound is (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The random copolymer is selected from 16 compounds, as given in the specification, e.g. compound of formula (I).x and y=mole fraction of 0.05-0.95;orx+y=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Overmolding on active side is performed with transparent resin e.g. acrylic. Overmolding on non-active side is performed with polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the strip sheets is a material selected from insulating materials, metals, semiconductor materials, and/or polymers. The material of the flexible material layer is a material selected from metals (preferably gold, aluminum, silver, copper, or titanium), polymers, and/or nano materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymers include: silica gel, polypropylene (PP), plexiglass, acrylic resin, acrylic acid, Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycast, transparent synthetic resin, resin glass, parylene, epoxy, polycarbonate (PC), silicone, polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), fluoropolymers, polyolefines (PE), collagen, chitin, chitosan, alginate fiber, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PEG-polylactic acid (PLA), PLA, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly amino acid, hydro gel, and/or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Inorganic primer layer on light incidence side contains polysilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The cyclic partial structure-containing compound has number average molecular weight of 15000-50000, and is preferably of formulae (II) and (III).A=saturated bivalent coupling group, preferably 6-10C branched alkyl;Q1,Q2=oxygen or biscyanomethylene;Y1,Y2=CH or N, preferably N;Z=carbon, silicon or germanium;R15,R16=substituent chosen from alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkylsilyl;andR15+R16=ring.Preferred Layer: The photoelectric conversion layer is formed by solution coating method. The primary electrode is cathode. Preferred Definitions:    X=sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate compound has three or more functional groups, an is aromatic isocyanate compound. The content of liquid (A) is 0.01-150 parts weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of liquid (B).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer contains vinyl alcohol residue unit (0.01-10 mol%), preferably vinyl acetate residue unit (15-80 weight%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iodide metal is lithium iodide and/or sodium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amine hydroiodide is triethylamine hydroiodide, tripropylamine hydroiodide, tributylamine hydroiodide, tripentylamine hydroiodide and/or trihexylamine hydroiodide. The imidazolium salt is 1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-pentyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-heptyl imidazolium iodide and/or 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium iodide. The component B is N-methylbenzimidazole, N-butyl benzimidazole and/or 4-tert-butylpyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - A charge pin is insertable in Universal serial bus (USB) slot formed on the mobile device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nanoparticle is alkali metal fluoroaluminate, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride, preferably lithium hexafluoroaluminate, sodium hexafluoroaluminate and potassium aluminum fluoride. A lithium salt is further added and dissolved in the polymer solution. The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium chlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The first and second solvents are acetonitrile, acetone, N-N dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The monomer is methacrylate, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silane coupling agent is at 2 mass% in the aqueous solution. The polyacrylamide is at 0.1 mass% in the aqueous solution. The water soluble monomer is N,N-dimethylacrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, or N,N-dimethyl-N-methacrylamide propyl-N-propane sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tube wall of the functionalized carbon nanotube is grafted with a silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The viscosity of the carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy resin material is 200 to 240mPa.s. The resin material is cured at 50-60 degrees C for 6-10 hours to prepare cured cast body with glass transition temperature of 70-85 degrees C, stretching modulus of 3.1-3.5 GPa, tensile strength of 70-80 MPa, elongation rate of 6-6.5%, flexural modulus of 3.1-3.5 GPa, and bending strength of 115-130 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Porous layer contains non-woven fiberglass material. Porous non-conductive layer contains fiberglass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Insulated non-porous layer contains plastic. Encapsulant contains layer of ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic substrates comprises: polyethylene terephthalate; polyethylenenaphthalate; polycarbonate; polypropylene; polyimide; a modified organic silicate having a three dimensional network structure that is prepared by a hydrolysis and condensation reaction of an organic metal alkoxide consisting of triacetylcellulose, polyethersulfone, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane and propyltriethoxysilane; and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass frit comprises Bi2O3, SiO2, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, TiO2 and/or V2O5. The organometallic compound is aluminum monostearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The injected molded article is a battery case (1) having a parallelepiped shape comprising a bottom part and four side parts, where the internal space is divided in many cells by at least one spacer (3). The case contains six individual cells (2) created by the spacers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin composition have the MFR determined according to International standards organization method 1133 at 230 degrees C and 2.16 kg of 4.1-7 g/10 minutes. The polydispersity index of the component (a) is 3.5-4.5. The component (a) is present at 67-74 wt.%. The component (b) is present at 13.5-18 wt.%. The component (c) is present at 13-16 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer plate consists of poly-phenylene oxide, poly-phenylene ether, and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material consisting of an epoxy, modified epoxy, silicone, and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cylindrical rotor is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide film has linear expansion coefficient of -5ppm/ degrees C to 8 ppm/ degrees C, and peeling force of 0.05-1.5 N/cm with respect to support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide film has linear expansion coefficient of -5ppm/ degrees C to 8 ppm/ degrees C, and peeling force of 1.6-7 N/cm with respect to inorganic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method comprises carrying out washing in the separation medium containing dip tank, where the multi-layer systems, which are to be separated, are inserted in the dip tank and a relative movement is generated between the separation medium and the immersion container. The dip tank has a funnel-shape. The dip tank is rotated to produce the relative movement. The relative movement is generated by stirring and/or conveying the separation medium within the dip tank. The dip tank is set in vibration. The washing is carried out in a countercurrent process. The multi-layer systems are crushed mechanically before washing and/or a size classification (4) is made. The method comprises separating the washing liquid preferably by means of a float-sink method, after washing, where the separation is carried out for non-ferrous constituents, preferably glass (18) and/or aluminum (19), precious metals (15) and/or plastic film (16). The separation medium is recovered and reused, after washing. Preferred Components: The dip tank has rotatable drums. The plant has conveying device for generating the relative motion and for switching on and discharging of the separated multi-layer systems. The dip tank has a plate-like plane having a means for displacement in a vibratory motion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoscale dispersion is formed from an organic solvent, a weak aqueous acid, preferably an organic weak aqueous acid and a surfactant, and the precursor is formed from a weak aqueous acid, preferably an organic weak aqueous acid and a surfactant. The surfactant includes anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactant and/or amphoteric surfactants. The nanoscale dispersion further comprises a hydrotrope, preferably salt, urea, or N-methylacetamide as solubilizing agents. The nanoscale dispersion contains cosurfactants, preferably a short-chain alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The magazine is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The second electrode comprises metal layer on catalyst layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The module further comprises photosensitive dye absorbed by semiconductor layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The piezo-components of the piezoelectric converters included in the piezoelectric electrical energy source may be made of ceramic based zirconate-titanate lead material, or polymeric material based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The substrate and the paste coated on the substrate are heat treated at 50-80 degrees C. The heat treating removes the second organic solvent from the coated paste. Preferred Components: The readout device includes a switching device and a charge storage device electrically connected by a pixel electrode. The switching device is a thin film transistor device and the charge storage device is a capacitor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoconductive particles include one of HgI2 particles, PbI2 particles, BiIa particles, TIBr particles, PbO particles, CdTe particles, and/or CdZnTe particles (preferably HgI2 particles).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Paste: The paste comprises the organic polymer binder (2.5-15 parts by weight (pbw) with respect to 100 pbw of the photoconductive particles); the first organic solvent (3-10 wt.%); and the second organic solvent (5-40 wt.%). Preferred Components: The first organic solvent dissolves the organic polymer binder to form a binder solution; and includes one of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME), and/or butyl cellosolve (BC). The second organic solvent includes one of butyl cellosolve acetate (BCeA), KOCOSOL (RTM: solvent), butyl cellosolve (BC), and/or ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP). The first and second organic solvent includes butyl cellosolve (BC).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer binder includes one of a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, an acryl resin, a phenoxy resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl formal resin, a polyamide resin, a polystyrene resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyvinyl acetate resin, a polyurethane resin, and/or an epoxy resin (preferably one of a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, an acryl resin, and/or a phenoxy resin). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal alkoxide is of formula: Y'M(OR)3-, Y'RM(OR)2, or Y'R2M(OR).M=metal;R=alkyl;andY'=reactive functional group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The easily adhesive film contains linear low density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The external packaging layer is made of Kovar (RTM: nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell has an inner cavity into which a vinyl polydimethylsiloxane composite material is irrigated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method of preparing ordered crystalline organic films: forming step comprises thermal evaporation; and exposing step is conducted in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 20-50 degrees C. The method of preparing an organic photovoltaic device further comprises at least one exciton blocking layer. Preferred Components: The at least one metal-containing macrocyclic compound comprises at least one substance including porphyric monomers, porphyric oligomers, fused and co-fused porphyrins, and phthalocyanine derivatives. The metal-containing macrocyclic compound comprises a porphyric monomer including tetraphenylporphyrin. The metal containing macrocyclic compound comprises zinc or magnesium. The at least one metal-containing, macrocyclic compound is a metal tetraphenylporphyrin including zinc tetraphenylporphyrin and magnesium tetraphenylporphyrin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Protection layer is a copper film layer. Ultra-white ultra-thin glass is 0.85-1.6 mm thick.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Adhesion layer is poly(vinyl butyral) film or modified structural adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The second solvent is mixing solvent composed of sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The third solvent is tetrahydrofuran, methylbenzene, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The catalyst is organic palladium and/or organic phosphorus ligand, where the amount is 0.005-0.2 times of mol weight of 3,5-dialkyl thieno(3,2-b-2',3'-d)thiophene-2,6-biradical-di(trimethyltin). The organic palladium is tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride. The organic phosphorus ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The mol ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphorus ligand is 1:1-10. Preferred Definitions:    n=20-80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first catalyst comprises propionic acid or trifluoroacetic acid. The oxidizing agent is 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone. The first organic solvent comprises trichloromethane and/or dichloromethane. The brominating agent is N-bromosuccinimide. The second organic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylformamide and/or orthodichlorobenzene. The third organic solvent comprises dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and/or methylbenzene. The solvent comprises methanol ethanol or water. The second catalyst is organic palladium and/or organic phosphorus ligand. The mol dosage of second catalyst is 0.01-20% of the mol dosage of 4,7-bis (tributyltin)-2,1,3-diazosulfide. The organic palladium comprises tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride or palladium(II) acetate. The organic phosphorus ligand comprises tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or tricyclohexyl phosphine. The fourth organic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, dioxane, dimethylformamide, glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, chlorobenzene and/or methylbenzene. The fifth organic solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dioxane. The mol ratio of 4,7-bis(tributyltin)-2,1,3-diazosulfide to tri-n-butyl tin stannic chloride is 1:(1-10). Preferred Method: The 4,7-bis (tributyltin)-2,1,3-diazosulfide is prepared by dissolving 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-diazosulfide in fifth organic solvent; cooling at - 78 degrees C by liquid nitrogen/isopropanol; dropping n-butyllithium; reacting at - 78 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours; adding tri-n-butyl tin stannic chloride; reacting at - 30 degrees C for 0.5-4 hours; warming at room temperature; and reacting 6-36 hours to obtain 4,7-bis(tributyltin)-2,1,3-diazosulfide. Preferred Definitions:    M=Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pt2+, Zr2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ or Sn2+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal nanoparticle is chosen from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide, silicone, and strontium titanium oxide. The metal oxide precursor is made of titanium tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010 or antioxidant 168. The lubricating agent is ethylene bis stearamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material comprises (wt.%) PVDF (65), polyethylene (14.3), polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (5), ethylene-octylene copolymer (15), antioxidant (0.4), and lubricating agent (0.3). The PVDF has a smelting point of 145 degrees C, and has a thermal decomposition temperature of more than 320 degrees C. The polyethylene is high density polyethylene (HDPE) 5070. The polyethylene graft maleic anhydride has a grafting of 1%. The ethylene-octylene copolymer has a melt index of 0.5 g/10 minutes, and a density of 0.868 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is silicon sheet, molybdenum sheet or glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The electrolytic salt contains lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous solvent contains cyclic carbonate or linear carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The overcharge suppression material is polymer having repeating unit of formula: -(C(-R1)(-R3)-C(-R2)(-A))- (I).A=aromatic functional group electrolytically polymerized on lithium metal reference at 4.3-5.5 V;at least one of R1-R3=functional group having ether bond or ester bond and other being H or 1-3C alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro;andn=positive integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material composition contains 30 %mass or less of tackifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer contains aromatic functional group, ether bond or ester bond. The polymer is of fomulae (-C(R11)-C(R)(A)-) (I), (-(CH2-C(R1))c-(CH2-C(R2)(C(=O-O-R3))))d-) (II) and (-(CH2-C(R4))e-(CH2-C(R5)(C(O-C(=O)CH-2-R6)))f-). The low molecular weight compound having aromatic functional group is cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl and fluorinated benzene. The non-aqueous solvent contains cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate.A=functional group, ether bond or ester bond;R,R11=H or CH3;R1,R4=functional group having aromatic ring;R2,R5=H or 1-3C alkyl optionally substituted by F;R3=1-6C alkyl or aromatic functional group (both optionally substituted by F;R6=functional group having 1-6C alkyl or aromatic ring (both optionally substituted F);c,e= greater than or equal to 1;andd,f=0 or greater than or equal to 1.Preferred Composition: The content of the low molecular weight compound is 0.1-5 wt.%. Preferred Property: The low molecular weight compound has molecular weight of less than or equal to 200.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the polymer is 0.1-5 mass%. Preferred Property: The polymer has number average molecular weight of 3000-1 million.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The positive electrode has a current collecting plate (1) and a positive mix layer (2) containing an active material provided on the current collecting plate. The negative electrode has a current collecting plate (3) and a negative mix layer (4) containing an active material provided on the current collecting plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive-electrode active material contains a lithium complex oxide of formula: LiaMnxM1yM2zO2. The negative-electrode active material contains a carbonaceous material, oxide containing IV group element, and/or nitride containing IV group element.M1=cobalt or nickel;M2=cobalt, nickel, aluminum, boron, iron, magnesium and/or chromium;x+y+z=1;a=greater than 0 and less than 1.2;x=0.2-0.6;y=0.2-0.4;andz=0.05-0.4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution contains a solvent and an electrolyte. The solvent contains a dioxolanone derivative of formula (I), a carbonate of formula: R5-O-C(=O)-O-R6 or Z1-O-C(=O)-O-Z2, and/or a dioxolone derivative of formula (II).R1-R8=H, fluoro, chloro, 1-3C alkyl, or fluoroalkyl;andZ1,Z2=polymerizable functional group containing methacryl group, acryl group, vinyl group, methallyl group, or allyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polycation contains polyamino acid, polyamine, and/or polyimine. The addition amount of polycation is 0.001-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 1-hour half life temperature of the organic peroxide component is 80-170 degrees C. Preferred Components: The polyfunctional monomer components are arylate, acrylate, or methacrylate. The silane coupling agent is a silane coupling agent which has an epoxy group, or a silane coupling agent which has an unsaturated double bond. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 1-80 vol.% of heat conductive filler with respect to 100 vol.% of contact volume layer. The filler is metal powder, metal oxide powder, metal nitride powder or metal carbide powder, preferably aluminum nitride powder, aluminum oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, magnesium oxide powder, silicon carbide powder or tungsten carbide powder. The filler has mean diameter of 0.001-30 mu m. The filler further contains carbon material chosen from graphite powder, carbon nanotube and diamond powder. The metal in the metal layer is silver, copper, aluminum, nickel or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polyvinyl acetal resin has dioxane-containing structural unit of formula (I), acetoxy-containing group of formula: -(CH2-CH(OCOCH3))- (II) and hydroxy-containing group of formula: -(CH2-CH(OH))- (III). The polyvinyl acetal resin further contains carboxylic acid group-containing group of formula: -(CH2-C(-COOH)(-R1))- (IV).R1=H or 1-5C alkyl;andR=H or 1-3C alkyl.A resin layer is further laminated on the surface(s) of the outermost layer of the component. Preferred Properties: The laminated material has heat conductivity of 0.05-50 W/m.K in the lamination direction of the contact bonding layer. The contact bonding layer has thickness of 0.05-10 mu m. The heat conductivity of the component in the direction perpendicular with respect to the lamination direction of the graphite layer, is 250-2000 W/m.K. The graphite layer has thickness of 15-600 mu m. The thickness of the metal layer is 0.01-100 times the thickness of the graphite layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base plate consists of polybutylene terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide. The outer plate consists of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene ether and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of catalyst metal is 0.1-10 mol%. The element is copper, iron, platinum, palladium or rhodium other than nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation disclosed: Thiophene compound of formula (II) and fluorene-containing compound of formula (III) are copolymerized in the presence of the metal complex to obtain the copolymer.X=halo e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, MgCl, MgBr, MgI, B(OR)2, or SnR3;Y'=halo e.g. fluoro, chloro, or bromo, MgCl, MgBr, MgI, B(OR)2, or SnR3;andR=monovalent hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl. Preferred Definitions:    n=3-60.    EXAMPLE - Tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (0) (in mg) (41) and tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine (54) are added to reaction container. 5,8-Bis-(4-Bromo-cyclopenta-1,3-die nyl)-quinoxaline (1) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.42) were added. Toluene (22 ml) and 10% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (15 ml) were added, reaction solution was heated at 95 degrees C, and stirred. Bromobenzene (35), phenylboronic acid (30), tris (dibenzylidene acetone) dipalladium (0) (2), and tris (2-methylphenyl) phosphine (2.7) were added and stirred for one day at 95 degrees C. Then, the reaction liquid was dripped into methanol/water (9/1), depositing solid was recovered by filtration, and washed. After washing the obtained solid in acetone and, the product was extracted. Chloroform was added to the solid and vacuum-dried. Copolymer (0.51) having weight average molecular weight of 34770, and polydispersion degree of 2.45 was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of compound (I) in the electrolyte layer is 0.5 mol/L or more, and the concentration of 1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dithio)-1H-tetrazole is 0.5 mol/L or more. The counter electrode contains an electroconductive polymer catalyst having catalyst activity with respect to the oxidation-reduction pair.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal alkoxide is of formula: Y'M(OR)3, Y'RM(OR)2 or Y'R2M(OR).M=metal;R=alkyl;andY'=reactive functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal alkoxide is of formula: Y'M(OR)3, Y'RM(OR)2 or Y'R2M.M=metal;R=alkyl;andY'=reactive functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The vapor deposition film has inorganic oxide vapor deposition film or aluminum vapor deposition film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal alkoxide is of formulae: Y'M(OR)3, Y'RM(OR)2 and YR2M(OR).M=metal;R=alkyl;andY'=reactive functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bath of molten salt further contains 0.25-7 g/l of 1,10-phenanthroline. The organic solvent is imidazolium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin porous component is polyurethane or melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white-colored coloring agent comprises titanium oxide having average primary particle diameter of 0.24 mu m or more. The coloring agent is green-type coloring agent, red-type coloring agent, purple-type coloring agent, yellowish coloring agent, orange coloring agent and/or blue coloring agent, preferably red-type coloring agent, green-type coloring agent, yellowish coloring agent and/or purple-type coloring agent. Preferred Layer: A steam-barrier layer as an intermediate layer is provided to laminate. A laminate has layer (11), layer (12) and layer (c) containing fluororesin, or layer (11), layer (12), layer (c) containing saturated-polyester resin and layer (d) containing fluorine resin. Preferred Property: The back-surface protective film has thickness of 30-900 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin of layer (11) and layer (12) is rubber containing aromatic vinyl-type resin, or thermoplastic resin of layer (12) is saturated-polyester resin, and thermoplastic resin of layer (11) is rubber containing aromatic vinyl-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst layer consists aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, silver, cobalt, antimony, lead, copper, bismuth, palladium, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, and/or vanadium, preferably gold and/or aluminum. Preferred Property: The catalyst layer has thickness of 1-200 nm. The polycrystal thin film contains crystal grain having maximal diameter of 50 mu m or more. Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass substrate, quartz substrate and/or resin substrate, and contains silicon and/or germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: In the proton exchange material, the side chains include end-capped chains that have at least one sulfonimide group,- SO2-NH-SO2-. The end-capped chains include between two and five sulfonimide groups. Also, 20-99%, preferably 50-99% of the side chains are the end-capped chains and 1-80%, preferably 1-50% of the side chains is the cross-link chains. A portion of the end-capped chains are capped with carbon trifluoride (CF3) and another portion of the end-capped chains are capped with sulfonic acid (SO3H). The end-capped chains that are capped with CF3 include multiple sulfonimide groups and the portion of end-capped chains that are capped with SO3H include at least one sulfonimide group. The end-capped chains are capped with CF3, or SO3H. The side chains include between two and five sulfonimide groups. Any proton exchange sites are located exclusively on the cross-link chains. The proton exchange material comprises an equivalent weight (1/mol) of 700-1,000 with regard to the proton exchange sites, where the equivalent weight is 850-950. Preferred Method: In fabricating the proton exchange material, the forming includes synthesizing a perfluorinated sulfonic acid precursor and converting sulfonic acid groups,- SO2F, in the perfluorinated sulfonic acid precursor to amide groups, -SO2NH2. The forming includes converting the amide groups, -SO2NH2, to the sulfonimide groups, -SO2-NH-SO2-. The forming of the polymer includes synthesizing a perfluorinated sulfonic acid precursor, synthesizing a linear sulfonimide precursor, and cross-linking the perfluorsulfinated sulfonic acid precursor with the sulfonimide precursor to produce the polymer. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st portion of 1st terminal pillar contains copper. The 2nd portion of 1st terminal pillar contains aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Insulation layer contains oxide film, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), urethane, nylon, and/or Teflon (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out at a temperature of less than 200 degrees C, preferably -100 to 150 degrees C. The process is carried out under a protective gas. The organic solvent is added with a complexing agent. Preferred Components: The silicon precursor is silane, polysilane, cyclic silane, halogenated derivatives of silane or organosilicon compounds. The carbon support is Vulcan XC72 (RTM: Carbon black), carbon black, Ketjen black (RTM: Electroconductive carbon black), high surface area activated carbon, graphite, graphene and/or carbon nanotubes. The carbon support is a turbostratic carbon. The average particle size of the carbon support is 1 nm to 12 mu m. The carbon support at least partially comprises a porous structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top zone of flexible stamp is formed of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylenenaftalate materials. The bottom zone of flexible stamp is formed of acrylate polymer and cured polydimethylsiloxane materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vinyl is arranged between the sealing element and a frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal plate body comprises aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and/or stainless steel. The nano material consists of aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride and/or silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic insulating layer comprises polyimide-based resin, polyphenylene resin and/or fluorocarbon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The round copper comprises flexible twisted round wire. The wire can be bare copper wire or tinned copper wire. The isolation layer is made of non-woven fabric which is wrapped on the surface of the wire core conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is low type electrolyte, the solute is lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is a cyclic carbonate and chain ethyl butyrate or styrene-butadiene rubber. The positive pole pieces further comprise thickening agent such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and water as solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte body contains nanometer vapor silicon dioxide, composite additive (3-7 wt.%), pentaerythritol (1-3 wt.%), polyethylene glycol 200 (0-0.5), cobalt sulfate (0.5 wt.%), sodium sulfate (3-5 wt.%), phosphoric acid (4.5-6.5 wt.%) and remainder of sulfuric acid solution (0.05-1 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The solar module conforms to IEC 61215 standard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sole layers are made of modified plastic material e.g. plexiglass (RTM: light transparent weather resistant thermoplastic) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing element is made of polyurethane with predetermined elasticity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate material is made of transparent substrate material i.e. glass, polymer transparent material, stainless steel or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin layer is formed from the resin composition having epoxy resin and/or an oxetane type-resin as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The optically transparent current-conducting layer is made of silver, gold, alloy of indium and tin or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, and the protective layer is made of silicon polymer. The film is provided with an intermediate clear polymeric layer that is made of polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photovoltaic material also contains water, dispersant, binder, plasticizer, polyethylene glycol, cyclohexanone and dry powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Weather-resistant binder is organic acrylic resin, and/or composite resin of organic-inorganic hybrid silicon compound. Hard-coat layer contains organic-inorganic hybrid silicon compound, and fluororesin binder. The protective film is laminated in the order UV-ray shielding layer, then hard-coat layer on the surface of a base film. The protective film has a primer layer provided in the side close to base film rather than UV-ray shielding layer and hard-coat layer. The protective film has transparent base film, such as polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, polycarbonate film, fluorine resin film, and/or acrylic resin film. Preferred Definitions:    monovalent substituent=halo, optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl group, CN, carboxyl group, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl group, optionally substituted carbamoyl group, optionally substituted alkyl carbonyl group, nitro group, optionally substituted amino group, OH, 1-20C alkoxy group, optionally substituted aryloxy group, optionally substituted sulfamoyl group, thiocyanate group, or optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl group;    substituents=halo, 1-20C alkyl group, CN, carboxyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, alkyl carbonyl group, nitro group, amino group, OH, 1-20C alkoxy group, aryloxy group, sulfamoyl group, thiocyanate group, or alkylsulfonyl group; and    R1c=substituent with positive (sigma)p value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doped graphene nanosheets comprise a monolayer or multilayer graphene. The anode comprises 0.001-30 mol% of doping element on graphene basis. The doped graphene nanosheets are agglomerated in the form of sheet, sphere or rod. The substrate is metallic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone-type elastomer is graft copolymer which is obtained by grafting vinyl-type compound monomer onto silicone-acryl composite rubber containing polyorganosiloxane and polyalkyl (meth)acrylate. The vinyl aromatic compound-type elastomer is a block copolymer of vinyl aromatic compound polymer block (a) and conjugated diene-type compound polymer block (b), and its hydrogenated substance. The monomer in the vinyl aromatic compound polymer block (a) is styrene. The monomer in the conjugated diene-type compound polymer block (b) is 1,3-butadiene. The copolymer is styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer or styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer. The content of the vinyl aromatic compound-type elastomer is 0.1-15 times the content of the silicone-type elastomer. The phosphorus-type flame retarder is phosphate ester-type flame retardant of formula (I). The polyphenylene ether resin contains 100-75 weight% of polyphenylene-ether resin and 25-0 weight% of styrene resin. The polyphenylene ether resin composition further contains (in parts weight) carbon black (0.01-5), flame-resistant adjuvant (0.01-3) and carbonate and/or sulfate (0.1-20).R1,R2=H or methyl;andn=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The scavenging filler includes a metal oxide, metal salts of long chain organic acids, hydrotalcites and/or other inorganic scavengers (preferably metal oxide, especially dehydrated or partially dehydrated oxides of calcium oxide, barium oxide, cobalt oxide, magnesium oxide, alumina, titanium oxide, zirconia and/or zinc oxide; or preferably metal salts of long chain organic acids, where the metal salt includes a metal stearate, oleate, laurate, behenate, myristate, palmitate, arachidate, lignocerate and/or cerotate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composite material further includes an elastomeric component, where the elastomeric component includes a butyl elastomer, diene elastomer, a nitrile elastomer, a fluorinated elastomer, a fluorosilicone elastomer and/or elastomeric block copolymers (preferably butyl elastomer). The nitrile elastomer includes nitrile rubber (NBR) and/or hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR). The elastomeric component is present in an amount of 5-25 wt.%. The silicone polymer includes dimethylsiloxane, diethylsiloxane, dipropylsiloxane, methylethylsiloxane and/or methylpropylsiloxane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (b) is selected from compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ii) (preferably imidazole, imidazole derivative, pyrrole, pyrrole derivative, pyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, 3-butylpyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (D242), pyridazine, pyrimidine, or pyrazine). The compound (a) comprises maleimide, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, bis((4-((vinyloxy)methyl)cyclohexyl)methyl)isophthalate), or triallyl trimellitate (preferably maleimide, especially 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide, meta-phenylene bismaleimide, 2,2'-bis(4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl)propane, 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-diethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 4-methyl-1,3-phenylene maleimide, 1,6'-bismaleimide-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane, 4,4'-diphenylether bismaleimide, 4,4'-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, 1,3-bis(3-maleimidophenoxy)benzene, or 1,3-bis(4-maleimidophenoxy)benzene). The molar ratio of compound (a) to compound (b) is 1:1 to 5:1.R1=H, alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, dimethylamino, or NH2;R2=R5=H, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, or NH2. EXAMPLE - 4,4'-Diphenylmethane bismaleimide (5 wt.%) was dissolved in gamma -butyrolactone (GBL) to form a mixture solution. 2,4-Dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 100 degrees C for 15 hours to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer (where the molar ratio of 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): (II) is prepared by reacting 9-(1'-alkyl alkylene)-2,7-bis-(4,5,5-1,3,2,boron 2)fluorene (A) and 4,7-di(5-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-di-(alkoxy)-(1, 2, 5)-benzothiadiazole reacting for several days at 100-120 degrees C under tetra(triphenyl phosphine) palladium catalyst to obtain compound (II). Preferred Method: The compound (A) is prepared by adding 2,7-dibromofluorine and potassium t-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, fully stirring, and reacting for several minutes; adding carbon disulfide and reacting; and adding iodide and reacting to obtain 2,7-bis-9-(chlorosulfite sulfomethyl)fluorene; reacting 2,7-bis-9-(chlorosulfite sulfomethyl)fluorene and low temperature reaction reagent to obtain 2,7-bis-9-(1-alkyl) fluorene; and adding 2,7-bis-9-(1-alkyl) fluorene, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4, 5, 5-1,3,2,boran-2-yl)-1,3,2-di-oxyborane and (1,1-di(diphenylphosphine) ferrocene) palladium dichloride complex into N,N-dimethyl formamide, and reacting for 3 days to obtain compound (A). Preferred Components: The copolymer (I) is of formula (II).R=1-32C saturated alkyl; andn= greater than or equal to 0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): (II) is prepared by adding 9,9-dialkyl-2 ,7- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-oxa-boran-2-yl)dibenzothiophene (A) and 4,7-bis(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-bis(alkoxy)-(1,2,5)-benzothiadiazole in tetra(triphenylphosphine) palladium-catalyst and performing reaction at 100-120 degrees Cfor several days to obtain compound (II). Preferred Method: The compound (A) is prepared by:(A) adding 2,5-nitrobenzene and copper powder in N,N-dimethyl formamide, and heating to obtain 4, 4-bis-2,2'-nitrobenzene;(B) mixing 4,4-bis-2,2'-nitrobenzene with tin powder in solution of hydrochloric acid/ethanol, and reacting to obtain 4,4'-bis-2,2'-dibromobenzene;(C) adding 4,4'-bis-2,2'-dibromobenzene to hydrochloric acid solution, and dripping sodium nitrite solution into reaction system;(D) adding whole reaction solution into potassium iodide solution to obtain 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-iodobibenzene;(E) at - 78 degrees C, adding 4,4'-2,2'-biphenyl iodine into tetrahydrofuran solution of n-butyllithium, and reacting with silanization reagent to obtain 2,7-bis-9,9-dialkyl benzene and pyrrole; and(F) adding 2,7-bis-9,9-dialkyl benzene and pyrrole, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-1,3,2, boran-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxyborane and (1,1'-di(diphenyl phosphine) ferrocene) palladium dichloride complex into N,N-dimethyl formamide, and reacting for 3 days to obtain compound (A).Preferred Compounds: (I) is of formula (II).R=saturated 1-32C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises reacting 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane and 4,4,5,5,4',4',5',5'-octamethyl-(2,2')bi((1,3,2)dioxaborolanyl) with 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene of formula (V). The method comprises processing Suzuki reaction of (V) and n-butyl lithium in the molar ratio of (1:2-1:4) in basic solvent in the condition of oxygen-free and catalyst system at a temperature of 70-85 degrees C, adding 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane and 4,4,5,5,4',4',5',5'-octamethyl-(2,2')bi((1,3,2)dioxaborolanyl), warming at room temperature for 12-48 hours to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium(II) acetate, tricyclohexyl phosphine, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)/tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. The basic solvent comprises sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution or tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution. The solvent comprises benzene, chlorobenzene, methylbenzene, glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The catalyst is present at 0.05-20% of 2,7-bis (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan)-9,9-dialkyl fluorine. The base is present at is 2-20% of 2,7-bis (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan)-9,9-dialkyl fluorine. Preferred Definitions:    m = 6;    x = 0.4-0.5;    R1 = 1,4-dimethoxyl;    R2 = H; and R3 = dodecyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium phenyl phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dimethyl phosphate, ammonium ethyl phosphate, melamine phosphate, melamine diphenyl phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, urea phosphate, expanded graphite and nanoclay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition additionally comprises at least one kind selected from fluorination ytterbium and silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, and oxidation ytterbium. Preferred Components: The board-shaped particle is platy alumina or plate shape hydrotalcite. The layered silicate compound is montmorillonite, nontronites, beidellite, hectonight (hectorite), saponite, illnite (illite), Sela toe night (celadonite), glow nose night (gluconite), clay or bentonite. The board-shaped particle has major axis rod reduction ratio (Aspect ratio) of 5-300. The board-shaped particle has longitudinal axis of 0.2-30 mu m, and the reduction of 0.01-5 mu m. The board-shaped particle or the layered silicate compound is included to 1-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material is the polyester terephthalate film. The surface roughness of the resin coated layer is 0.3-5 mu m. The primer layer is more formed in the upper side of the resin coated layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert atmosphere includes nitrogen, argon or hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aluminum trichloride and lithium-aluminum hydride is 1:3-6. The aluminum film is formed on sodalime glass board, polyethylene substrate, polyimide substrate, or paper substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate is 20-40 weight% on the basis of total amount of the ethylene copolymer resin. The melt flow rate of the ethylene copolymer at 190 degrees C and load of 2.160 kg is 0.1-100 g/10 minutes. The total amount of organic peroxide (a,b) is 3-6 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the ethylene copolymer resin. The crosslinking agent is chosen from polyallyl compound and poly (meth)acryloyloxy compound. The organic peroxide (a) is dialkyl peroxide. The organic peroxide (b) is peroxycarbonate. Preferred Composition: The adhesive sheet composition further contains ultraviolet-absorbing agent (0.1-2 parts weight) chosen from benzophenone group compound, benzotriazole group compound, triazine group compound, and salicylic acid ester compound with respect to 100 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermosetting resin is selected from epoxy resin, urea resin or phenol resin. The porous film is selected from polyolefin resin film, polyester resin film, polystyrene resin film, polyimide film, polyamide film, fluorocarbon resin film, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene film, polyacryl film, acetal group film or polycarbonate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer (B) contains aromatic polyester, aliphatic polyester, polyolefin or their copolymers. The backsheet further consists of barrier layer chosen from vapor deposition layer and metal foil comprising metal or inorganic oxide. A barriering resin layer containing aromatic polyester, aliphatic polyester, polyolefin or their copolymers is further provided in the backsheet. Alternately, the backsheet is a laminated material consisting of resin layer (D) containing polyglycolic acid, barriering resin layer, barrier layer provided on the surface of the layer (D) and resin layer (E) comprising aromatic polyester, aliphatic polyester, polyolefin or their copolymers provided on the surface opposite to the barrier layer. The aliphatic polyester is polyglycolic acid. The resin layer (B) further contains a coloring agent. Preferred Property: The vapor deposition layer has thickness of 10-500 nm. The barrier layer is formed on the surface of the layer (A) or on the surface between the layer (A) and layer (B). The resin layer (A) has thickness of 2-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyphenylene ether resin contains polyphenylene-ether resin (100-75 weight%) and styrene resin (25-0 weight%). The content of phosphoric acid ester compound in the phosphate ester-type flame retardant is less than 90 weight%. The polyphenylene ether resin composition contains elastomer (1-20 parts weight), carbon black (0.01-5 parts weight), flame-resistant adjuvant (0.01-3 parts weight) and mixture (0.1-20 parts weight) of carbonate and/or sulfate of alkaline-earth metal with respect polyphenylene ether resin (100 parts weight).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aluminum silicate or its derivative is imogolite, allophane or their derivatives. The separator includes a porous layer containing the aluminum silicate or its derivative and a porous layer composed mainly of polyolefin. The separator, positive or negative electrode has a metal adsorption amount of greater than or equal to 0.03 mu mol/cm2. The separator contains inorganic fine particles other than the aluminum silicate or its derivative or resin fine particles. The positive electrode contains at least one compound selected from spinel type lithium manganese composite oxides having formula Li(M1)x(Mn2-x)O4 (where M1 is at least one element selected from lithium (Li), boron (B), magnesium (Mn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), indium (In), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh) and x is 0.01-0.6), or having formula LiaMn(1-b-c)Nib(M2)cO(2-d)Fe (where M2 is at least one element selected from Co, Mg, Al, B, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), Mo, Sn, Ca, Sr or W, a is 0.8-1.2, b is 0-0.5, e is 0-0.5, d+e is less than 1, d is -0.1-0.2 and e is 0-0.1). The non-aqueous electrolyte has a metal adsorption amount of greater than or equal to 1.5 mu mol/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyolefin has a melting temperature of 80-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable compound further comprises a compound having a highly polar functional group having a functional group with high polarity and a polymerizable functional group and the polymer further has the highly polar functional group. The aromatic functional group has the complex-forming functional group. The polymerizable compound or the polymer has a hydrocarbon group or a 1-20C oxyalkylene group between the aromatic functional group and the polymerizable functional group. The complex-forming functional group is a substituted ether of formula (-OR), a substituted thiol of formula (-SR), a substituted ester of formula (-COOR) or a substituted sulfonic acid of formula (-SO3R). The electrolyte comprises: polymerizable compounds of formula (Z1-X-A), (Z1-A), (Z3-Y1) or (Z4-W1); and the polymer of formula (-(Z2-(X-A))-n-), (-(Z2(A)-)m-), (-(Z2-(X-A)-)d-(Z5(Y1)-)e-(Z6(W1)-)f-), (-(Z2(A)-)d-(Z5(Y1)-)e-(Z6(W1)-)f-), where d, e and f are expressed in mole%, (I) or (II). In the battery a square battery can is used.Z1 = polymerizable functional group;X = hydrocarbyl or 1-20C oxyalkylene;A = aromatic functional group, where at least a portion of the aromatic functional group is substituted with (-OR), (-SR), (-COOR) or (-SO3R);Z2, Z3, Z4 = residue of the polymerizable functional group;n, m = greater than or equal to 1;d = greater than 0 and less than or equal to 100;e = 0-100; andf = greater than or equal to 0 and less than 100.Preferred Method: The mixture is mixed and reacted with a polymerization initiator. EXAMPLE - Polymer (0.1 wt.%) of 1-vinylnaphthalene (50 mole%) and acrylic acid (50 mole%) was dissolved in an electrolytic solution to prepare a laminate battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Methods: The CIGS based light absorbing layer is formed through evaporation, sputtering, electron beam deposition, electroplating, or coating method using metallic target comprising copper, gold, and silver, indium, gallium, and aluminum, and selenium and sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anti-reflective film comprises SiO2 nanoparticles. The third layer reduces the root mean square surface roughness of the second layer by less than 20% as determined by atomic force microscopy. The third layer is 5-30% as thick as the second layer. The silica nanoparticles have an average diameter of 20-40 nm. The anti-reflective film comprises heterogeneous physical attributes selected from particle size, and/or particle morphology. The anti-reflective film has homogeneous chemical composition throughout a cross-section of the film. When the substrate is aluminum, the anti-reflective film comprises ZnO nanoparticles. When the substrate is textured silicon, the anti-reflective film comprises ZnO nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer comprises tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, and/or polysiloxane. When the substrate is polycarbonate, the nanoparticles are SiO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 20-40 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Glass: The glass is flake-shaped glass having aspect ratio of 15 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermally conductive plastic is selected from a group consisting of polyamides, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, polybutylene terephthalate and polycarbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The optical sheet is formed by hardening silicone rubber composition containing (in parts mass) organopolysiloxane (100) having polymerization degree of 100 or more, fumed silica (70-150) having specific surface area of more than 200 m2/g, organo hydrogen polysiloxane (0.1-30) and hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The organopolysiloxane is of formula: R1aSiO4-a/2.R1=optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl;anda=1.95-2.05.Fumed silica is surface treated using hexamethyl disilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight loss of positive electrode is 300-1500 ppm with respect to total amount (1000-2600 ppm) of lithium carbonate and lithium hydrogen carbonate. Preferred Composition: The positive electrode includes lithium-containing transition-metal complex oxide (LixNiyM1-yO2, where M is cobalt, manganese, chromium, iron, magnesium, titanium and/or aluminum, preferably cobalt, manganese and aluminum, x is 0.95-1.1 and y is 0.3-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains nonaqueous solvent, lithium salt, carbonate ester which differs from the cyclic carbonate and the linear carbonate, and sulfur compound as additive. The nonaqueous solvent contains cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is alkylene carbonate chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The linear carbonate is dialkyl carbonate chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, methyl-n-propyl carbonate, ethyl-n-propyl carbonate, methyl-i-propyl carbonate and ethyl-i-propyl carbonate. The linear carbonate contains diethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate, in volume ratio of 25:75-75:25. The carbonate ester is chosen from unsaturated cyclic carbonate, alkylene carbonate having a substituent, cyclic carbonate having condensed aromatic ring, diaryl carbonate, and dialkyl dicarbonate. The sulfur compound is chosen from sulfite, trithiocarbonate, sulfolane, sulfolene, sultone and their substitution compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material includes binder, electroconductive agent, water and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte contains phosphorus-containing oxo-acid ester derivative (in %mass) (5-60), disulfonate (0.05-10) and cyclic carbonate containing halogen (0.5-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion element has pair of electrode and an organic layer containing polymer comprising anthracene-containing repeating unit (I) between electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting compound is fullerene or fullerene derivative. The solvent of solution is hydrocarbon solvent, halogenated hydrocarbon solvent or ethereal solvent. Preferred Property: The surface tension of solvent is 15-100 mN/m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer further contains electron-accepting compound or electron donor. The electron donor is polymer. The anthracene-containing repeating unit (I) of polymer is of formula: -(C')-. The polymer further contains bivalent group-containing repeating unit of formula (III) and repeating unit of formula: -(C")-.C',C"=arylene, bivalent heterocyclic group, bivalent aromatic amine residue, alkylene, alkynylene (all optionally substituted);andY'=bivalent group.Preferred Property: The polymer has weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, thienyl or 1-30C aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The intrinsic viscosity of the polybutylene-terephthalate type-resin is 1-1.5. Preferred Component: The rubber roll is silicon rubber roll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxazoline group-containing monomer is of formula (I), preferably 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline or 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline.R1-R4=H, alkyl, halo or optionally substituted phenyl;andR5=acyclic hydrocarbyl having unsaturated bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material (12) is metallic film or macromolecular film. The multilayer film further has membranous polymer film and inorganic oxide layer. The membranous polymer film is chosen from acrylic film, polyolefin film, polyamide film, polyurethane film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film and polybutylene terephthalate. The fluoropolymer is homopolymer or copolymer including monomer chosen from vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethyene, perfluoromethylvinylether, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether, perfluoropropylvinylether, perfluorohexyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan. Preferred Process: The material (12) is processed using plasma, corona, primer, anchor system, coupling agent treatment and thermal process. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is 5-100. The thickness of material (12) is 50-500 mu m. The fluoropolymer has softening temperature of 100 degrees C or more. The weight-average molecular weight of oxazoline group-containing polymer is 5000-50. The thickness of the resin layer is 3-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon material is selected from graphite, carbon nanofiber or carbon nanotube. The metal of the metal layer is selected from aluminum, gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, tungsten, stainless steel or iron. The metal anti-corrosive layer is a phosphate-treated or chrome-treated anti-corrosive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluororesin is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). The substrate comprises polyester, polyolefin, polyamide or paper. The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion is O2-, O2-, O22-, O- and/or HO2-. The electrolyte further has hydrophobic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The slug is designed as ceramic plate made of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The slug is designed as a metal plate that is made of aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron donating compound semiconductor electrode are made of metallic conductive and chemically inert materials such as copper (I) sulfide, tin sulfide, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannide, magnesium antimonide, magnesium bsmuthide. The electron accepting counter electrode is made of bismuth sulfide, antimony sulfide, zinc antimonide, tin disulfide, and copper (II) sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric in the device consists of polypropylene, polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt compound is carbonate of alkali metal, hydrogen carbonate, sulfate and/or nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of glymes is 0.0005-0.1 mole times of the compound having at least 1 a hydroxyl group in the molecular structure. The compound having at least 1 hydroxyl group in molecular structure is primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and/or tertiary alcohol. Preferred Definitions:    alkoxy=primary, secondary or tertiary.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material composition further contains low density polyethylene resin with density of less than or equal to 0.940 g/cm3, crosslinking agent and crosslinking adjuvant. Preferred Definitions:    R=methacryloxy, acryloxy, vinyl or acryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Intrinsic viscosity of polyester resin is 0.6-0.9, and UV absorber is of formula (1). Terminal carboxylic acid group of polyester resin is 5-20 eq/tons. Total amount of UV absorber is 0.1-10 mass%.R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, R1e=monovalent substituent except H or OH provided that at least 1 is a substituent with positive (sigma)p value according to Hammett rule and may combine to form a ring; andR1g, R1h, R1i, R1j, R1k, R1m, R1n, R1p=H or monovalent and may combine to form a ring.Preferred Parameters: Transmittance in 390 nm wavelength is less than or equal to 5%. Intrinsic viscosity is 0.7-0.9. Content distribution of UV absorber is 0.1-5% (0.5-4%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating material is formed of polymeric material selected from polyolefin, polyimide and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The supporting base has a thickness of 3-7 mm. The supporting base has a vertical height of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the lower half portion of the round methane tank. Preferred Components: The concave upper surface of the supporting base is matched with the bottom shape of the round methane tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fluorine-containing polymer coating containing curative group is copolymer of fluorine-containing monomer and monomer containing curative functional groups. Fluorine-containing monomer is tetrafluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, and/or hexafluoropropylene. Functional group is hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, silicyl, epoxy, and/or isocyanate group. Curing agent is isocyanate curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Substrate is polyethylene glycol terephthalate sheet or polyethylene naphthalate sheet. Polyurethane coating is formed by curing polyurethane coating. The polyurethane coating comprises (pts. wt.): polyester resin (100) and curing agent (3-25). Polyester resin is polyester polyol and/or polyacrylate polyol. Curing agent is isocyanate having more than two functional groups. Polyurethane coating further comprises carbodiimide (0.3-2 pts. wt.)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder comprises (wt.%) oxide particle containing bismuth oxide (30-60), titanium oxide (5-10), zinc oxide (5-30), and antimony oxide (5-20); optionally containing tellurium oxide (5-20); and optionally containing molybdenum oxide (1-8) and selenium oxide (1-10). It has a softening temperature of glass powder is 400-600 degrees C. Preferred Method: The melting step is performed in a sintering furnace at 1200-1400 degrees C for 1-3 hours. The quenching step comprises pouring the melted glass material into cold water with temperature of 0-30 degrees C. The ball milling step is performed in a ball mill for 24 plus minus 5 hours. The oxide particle has particle size of 0.2-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The glass powder further comprises a surfactant layer coated on the surface of oxide particle, where surfactant comprises (pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. of oxide particle) sodium silicate (0-3, preferably 1-3) and/or ethyl cellulose (0-3, preferably 1-3). Preferred Method: Surfactant is added in the glass powder before ball milling and after quenching.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A P-type semiconductor is made of material selected from copper oxide, copper gallium oxide, scandium oxide and copper indium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconductor layer of the III-V is made from one of gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, arsenic phosphorus aluminum gallium, arsenic indium phosphide gallium, arsenic phosphide aluminum gallium indium, gallium nitride, indium nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, indium aluminum nitride and nitride gallium aluminum indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite metal is manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and/or silver. The metal salt is nitrate, acetate or chloride. The concentration of metal salt solution is 0.001-1, preferably 0.001-1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is non-ionic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol or Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is lithium iodide and iodide, sodium iodide and iodide, potassium iodide and iodide, cesium iodide and iodide, and/or imidazolium iodide and iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymeric gel further contains additive. The content of additive is 50-100 parts weight with respect to total content of 100 parts weight of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The additive is polypropylene carbonate, 4-tert-butyl-pyridine,guanidinium thiocyanate, 1-methyl-3-imidazolium iodide, valeronitrile and/or acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of aluminum chloride mixed with lithium aluminum hydride is 1:3-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is titanium isopropoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer substrate is polyimide substrate and paper substrate. The organic board is soda lime glass board or polyethylene board. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The cathode is formed using laminated aluminum material, aluminum, silver, gold or copper. The anode comprises transparent conducting oxide chosen from indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin oxide-silver-indium tin oxide, IZO-silver-IZO or aluminum zinc oxide-silver-aluminum zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium precursor is titanium (IV) bis (ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetrabutoxide or titanium alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer thin film contains poly(arylamine hydrochloride). The donor contains polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyvinyl carbazole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene, poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene. The substrate is flexible polymer substrate, glass substrate or flexible metal laminated substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The nanoparticles are metal particles chosen from gold, silver, copper, iron and their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of phase-change material and monomer is 5:1-1:1. The monomer contains more than 2 isocyanate groups, and is chosen from tolylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and octamethylene diisocyanate. The content of metal precursor, reducing agent and chain extender in the emulsion is 0.01-1 part weight, 0.003-0.4 parts weight and 1-10 parts weight, respectively. The chain extender contains more than two amine groups, and is chosen from ethanediamine, propanediamine, hexanediamine, phenylenediamine and polyoxyethylene. The phase-change material is chosen from tetradecane, eicosane, octadecane, hexadecane, propionamide, naphthalene, acetamide, stearic acid, polyglycol, wax, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lignocerate, camphene, 3-heptanone, polyethylene glycol, tetradecane, urea anhydride, lauric acid, hexadecanone, capric acid, caprylic acid and polyglycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer shell is made of polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, melamine resin, urea resin, gelatin and cellulose. Preferred Properties: The complex nanocapsules have diameter of 50-1000 nm and calorific value of 80-150 J/g, which is measured using differential scanning calorie curve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticle is made of metal particle i.e. gold, silver, copper, iron or their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material is the tetradecane, octadecane, hexadecane, propionamide, naphthalene, acetamide, stearic acid, polyglycols, wax, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lignocerate, camphene, polyethylene glycol, tetradecane, urea anhydride, lauric acid, tri milisterine, hexadecanone, capric acid, caprylic acid and polyglycols. The monomer contains more than 2 isocyanate radicals. The monomer contains tolylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, or octamethylenediisocyanate. The chain extender contains more than 2 amine group in end. The compound containing the amine group more than 2 in end is the ethyldiamine, propane diamine, hexanediamine, phenylene diamine and the polyoxyethylene bis-amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer shell is the polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, melamine resin, urea resin, gelatin and cellulose. The mass ratio of phase change material to monomer mix is 5:1-1:1. The metal particle is included in an amount of 0.01-100 parts by weight. The nanocomplex capsule has diameter of 50-1000 nm. Preferred process: The process involves condensation polymerization at 60-80 degrees C for 3-12 hours EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is platinum divinyl complex and/or platinum octanol/octanol complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyphenyl ether composition for photovoltaic junction box, comprises (in parts by weight) either polyphenyl ether (65-90), polystyrene resin (35-10), a flexibilizer (3-8), phosphate ester fire-retardant (8-15), an acid absorber (0.5-2), hindered phenol main antioxidant (0.2-0.5), phosphite ester auxiliary antioxidant (0.2-0.5), ultraviolet absorber (0.5-1.2), hindered amine light stabilizer (0.5-1.2), a lubricant (0.1-0.4) and a toner (0.2-0.8), or polyphenyl ether (75-85), polystyrene resin (25-15), a flexibilizer (3-6), phosphate ester fire-retardant (10-12), an acid absorber (1-1.5), hindered phenol main antioxidant (0.2-0.4), phosphite ester auxiliary antioxidant (0.2-0.4), ultraviolet absorber (0.5-1), hindered amine light stabilizer (0.5-1), a lubricant (0.2-0.4) and a toner (0.3-0.6) The polyphenylene ether viscosity is 0.35-0.55 dl/g. The polystyrene resin is high-impact polystyrene resin and its melting index is 3-10 g/10 minutes. The phosphate ester fire-retardant is triphenyl phosphate, tetraphenyl bisphenol A diphosphate and/or tetraphenyl m-phenylene bis(phosphate). The acid absorbent IS hydrotalcite of magnesium oxide or zinc oxide. The ultraviolet absorber is UVA-I, UVA-4 or UVA-19. The hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) is HALS-I, HALS-4 or HALS-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon in silicon-based bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is 5-45 (weight%/weight%). The silicon is fumed silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aliphatic amine is polyesteramine, isophoronediamine, diethylenetriamine, M-xylylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, hexamethylene tetramine, tetraethyltriamine, tetraethylene pentamine, tetramethylene ammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, N-methyl-1,3-propane diamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine, cyclohexylamine and/or polyoxypropylene diamine. The composition comprises (in parts weight) dimethyl siloxane (1-8) as foaming agent, silicon-based bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (100), mixture (20-80) of aliphatic amine and isopropyl alcohol, xylene (3-25) as organic solvent and curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The silicon-based bisphenol A-type epoxy resin has epoxy equivalent of 190-220, and point drawing of 9000-15000 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal hydroxide is 20-100 parts weight. The metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, hydro- talcite, and/or magnesia. The lithium salt is lithium chloride oxide, lithium born fluoride, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium hexafluoro arsenate and/or lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic crystallization electrolyte contains plastic crystalline substance, polymer matrix, and lithium salt. The plastic crystalline substance is succinonitrile plastic crystallization. The polymer matrix is polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoro propylene copolymer, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylchloride and/or polyurethane. The solvent chain polymer is used in manufacture of plastic crystallization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon single fiber, activated carbon single fiber and binder monofilament is 50-80 parts weight, 5-30 parts weight and 1-30 parts weight, respectively. The activated carbon single-fiber is chosen from polyacrylonitrile-type carbon single-fiber, pitch-based carbon single-fiber, polyvinyl alcohol carbon single-fiber, cellulose-based carbon single-fiber and phenol resin-type carbon single-fiber, and has specific surface area of 200 m2/g. The binder monofilament is polyvinyl acetate monofilament, low-melting point polyester staple fiber, polyethylene monofilament, polypropylene monofilament, cellulose monofilament and/or pitch monofilament.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Crystals: The crystals comprise yttrium fluoride, sodium yttrium fluoride, potassium yttrium fluoride, lutetium phosphate or ytterbium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The insulating layer is preferably provided with the weatherproof coating layer on one side and a fluoropolymer thin film on the other side. Between the insulating layer and the fluoropolymer film is set with an adhesive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first photovoltaic layer and the primer layer comprise amorphous silicon, and hydrogen having an atomic concentration of 3-5%. The primer layer consists of elements other than oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the barrier layer is aluminum (Al), lanthanum (La), tantalum (Ta), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), or their alloys (preferably Al, La, or their alloys). The material of the barrier layer is doped with boron (B), Al, or gallium (Ga). The metal substrate is a stainless substrate, titanium (Ti) substrate, copper (Cu) substrate, or a molybdenum (Mo) substrate. The transparent conductive layer is indium-tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with Al, or ZnO doped with indium (In).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The black pigment (C) is carbon black. The particles (D) are chosen from barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, alumina, clay, talc, mica and white carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-resistant resin composition further contains particles (E) having average particle diameter of 1 mu m to 1.1x t ( mu m) and melting point of 120 degrees C or more. The particles (E) are nitrogen-containing resin particles. The acryl-type copolymer (A) is a copolymer of the acryl-type monomer (a1) which has secondary or tertiary piperidinyl group which introduces the substituent into 2nd or 6th position, acryl-type monomer (a2) which has a functional group which can react with an isocyanate group, and another acryl-type monomer (a3) which does not have benzotriazole group. The plastic film is a polyethylene terephthalate film. The solar cell back surface protection sheet further has water vapor-barrier layer. Preferred Property: The film thickness (t) of the weather-resistant resin layer is 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat-spot suppression film further has protective layer which protects the graphite film. Preferred Properties: The graphite film has specific gravity of 0.4-1 g/cm3, preferably 0.6-0.8 g/cm3. The standard deviation of the thickness of the graphite film is 0.8-8 mu m. The surface roughness of the graphite film is 0.8-5 mu m. The graphite film is thicker than the polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The needle-like phosphor is europium and manganese-doped metal-magnesium oxide (MMgAl10O17:Eu and Mn, where M is barium, strontium and calcium). The parent material of needle-like phosphor contains barium/strontium silicate ((Ba,Sr)2SiO4), barium/strontium/calcium silicate ((Ba,Sr,Ca)2SiO4), barium silicate, strontium silicate, strontium/calcium/barium ((Sr,Ca,Ba)3SiO5), barium/strontium/calcium/magnesium oxide ((Ba,Sr,Ca)3MgSi2O8), calcium silicate, calcium-zinc-silicon oxide, barium-scandium-silicon oxide, calcium-scandium-silicon oxide, and metal-aluminum-silicon nitride (MAlSiN3, where M is barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium). Preferred Properties: The average length of the needle-like phosphor and average breadth of the needle-like phosphor satisfies the relation: a greater than 2b. The average length of the needle-like phosphor and thickness of sealing material sheet satisfies the relation: a greater than 1.34c.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing material has ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The sealing material contains additive of organic peroxide, crosslinking adjuvant, and adhesive improvement material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic cell has a thin film photoelectric converting layer of amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating layer contains silicon oxide. The content of silicon oxide in the coating layer is 60 %mass or more. The silicon oxide which covers the surface of the cerium-oxide particles is indeterminate form of silica. They content of cerium oxide in the surface material is 0.1-2 %mass. Hydrophobization treatment is given to the surface of the cerium-oxide particles. Preferred Properties: The surface material has light transmittance of 70% or less at wavelength of 300 nm and 80% or more at wavelength of 400 nm. The average primary particle diameter of the particles of the cerium oxide of the cerium-oxide indeterminate form of silica composite which covered the surface of the cerium-oxide particle with the indeterminate form of silica is 10-250 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber has a coating layer which covers the surface of cerium-oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororesin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene type copolymer. The filler contain ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of phosphorus atom in the flame-retardant base material layer is 1-8 weight%, with respect to the content of flame-retardant base material layer. The biaxially-oriented polyester film further comprises a heat-sealing layer on at least the single surface of flame-retardant base material layer. Preferred Properties: The flame-retardant base material layer has thickness of 2-200 mu m, and surface roughness of 0.1-2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The biaxially-oriented polyester film has tensile strength retention of 50% or more, after processing in saturated steam, average reflectance of 75-100%, in the wavelength of 400-700 nm, and density of 0.7-1.3 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The desulfurization system consists of fuel supply portion (2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The desulfurizing agent has pore diameter of 0.4-5.0 nm, and contains A-type zeolite, X-type zeolite and/or Y-type zeolite and VPI-5 zeolite. The porous material is supported with a metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrocarbon fuel contains sulfur compound and 4C or less hydrocarbon compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The acrylic polyol has hydroxyl value of 0.5-40 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent further includes hydroxyphenyl triazine-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylic polyol has 4C or more alkyl group bonded with ester bond. The outdoor-type urethane adhesive agent further contains hydroxyphenyltriazine-type compound. Preferred Process: The polyester polyol is obtained by polycondensing dicarboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol. The polyhydric alcohol includes 2C or more branched aliphatic diol in side chain in one molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cationic polymerizable compound is liquid epoxy resin at normal temperature chosen from aromatic epoxy resin which does not have hydroxyl group in a molecule and hydrogenated epoxy resin (B'). The content of component (A) is 20-80 parts mass (or) 50-80 parts mass, with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of component (A) and component (B'). The aromatic epoxy resin is distilled bisphenol-type aromatic epoxy resin or resorcinol-type epoxy resin. The hydrogenated epoxy resin is hydrogenated bisphenol-type epoxy resin. The sealant composition further comprises plate-shaped inorganic filler or scale-like inorganic filler (D). The mixing ratio of component (A) and component (B') is 5:95-40:60. The epoxy equivalent of epoxy resin in component (B') is 100-300. The photo-cationic polymerization initiator (C) is sulfonium series cationic initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflection layer is a silver reflection layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The anticorrosive layer contains a corrosion inhibitor. The hard-coat layer contains an antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The silicone-modified resin is acrylic silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The deterioration degree of the moisture-proof performance of the film calculated using the formula: (b-a)/ax 100(%) is less than 100%, where (b) is the water vapor permeation rate after heat processing at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes and (a) is water vapor permeation rate in the initial stage. The interlayer strength after heat-processing at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes is 7.5 N/15 mm or more. The laminated film has tensile storage elastic modulus (E23) of -0.3 to +0.3, where E23=(E2-E3)/E2, where E3 is tensile storage elastic modulus in 0.1% distortion at 150 degrees C and frequency of 10 Hz after pressure cooker test at 120 degrees C for 32 hours specified according to JIS C 60068-2-66. The deterioration degree of moisture-proof performance given as the ratio of water vapor permeation rate after heat processing at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes and initial stage water vapor permeation rate, is 15 times or less. The initial stage moisture-proof performance is less than 0.1 g/m2.day, preferably less than 0.05 g/m2.day. Preferred Composition: The main ingredient of the polyurethane adhesive contains 20-70 %mass of polycarbonate polyol, polyether polyol or polyurethane polyol. The plastic film is polyester film, acrylic film or polycarbonate film, or film obtained by molding mixture of ultraviolet absorber and polyester resin, preferably fluororesin film. The base material is polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant used during preparation of conductive polymer material is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant. The working electrode used during preparation of conductive polymer material is substrate of electrode plate for super capacitor. The concentration of organic monomer used during preparation of conductive polymer material is 0.01-0.6 mol/L. Preferred Property: The current density of electrochemical polymerization process used during preparation of conductive polymer material is 0.1-10 mA/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of graphene oxide to organic carbon source is 2-5:1. The concentration of graphene oxide in mixed solution is 0.1-10 g/ml. The organic carbon source is sucrose, glucose and/or polyethylene glycol. The mass ratio of carbon coated with graphene oxide in composite material is 10-50%. Preferred Property: The capacitor has charge specific capacity of 163.82-192.63 F/g and discharge specific capacity of 158.85-182.54 F/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive fiber is metal nanowire made of silver or silver alloy. The silver alloy contains gold, palladium, iridium, platinum and osmium. The conductive fiber has average major axis diameter of 1-40 mu m. The mass ratio of content of conductive fiber and water-insoluble polymer is 0.1-5. The conductive fiber is dispersed using a dispersing agent contained in amount of 0.1-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of water-insoluble polymer. The application quantity of conductive fiber in transparent conductor is 0.005-0.5 g/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The water-insoluble polymer is a polymer having ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably (meth)acryloyl group, in side chain. The ethylenically unsaturated bond is introduced using compounds of formulae (I) and (II). The water-insoluble polymer is polymeric latex, which is acryl-type polymer or urethane type polymer.R1,R2=H or hydrocarbyl;L1,L2=organic group;andW'=4-7 membered aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nitrile elastomer includes nitrile rubber and/or hydrogenated nitrile rubber. The silicone polymer includes dimethylsiloxane, diethylsiloxane, dipropylsiloxane, methylethylsiloxane, and/or methylpropylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic foils are designed as polyvinyl-butyral foils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin component of the rust-inhibitive-primer layer is acryl-silicone-type resin or polyester silicone-type resin. The rust-inhibitive-primer layer contains strontium chromate and calcium phosphate. The zinc-based galvanized steel sheet performs chemical conversion treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The diol having alicyclic structure is tricyclodecane dimethanol. The curable composition further contains colloidal silica having volume average particle diameter of 200 nm or less, and sliding agent or leveling agent having polydimethylsiloxane structure. The colloidal silica is surface-modified with a compound having a hydrolyzable silicon group. The base material consists of polycarbonate, polyester or (meth)acrylic resin. The base material is obtained by extrusion molding or injection molding polycarbonate resin, and has thickness of 500 mu m or more, preferably sheet-like material having thickness of 20-500 mu m. The laminate further has one or more layers between primer layer and hard coat layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is the polyester based resin. The polyisocyanate compound is block forming polyisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The at least one of the top layer of the encapsulant and the bottom layer of the encapsulant comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, poylvinyl butyral, silicone and polyepoxide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The brush seals or the filaments is made of bronze or bronze material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric material are selected from a group of nylon, heat stabilized nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether etherketone, KEVLAR (RTM: light, strong para-aramid synthetic fiber), NOMEX (RTM: flame-resistant meta-aramid material) or TEFLON (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nano-fumed silica, potassium hydrogen sulfate, sodium bisulfate, amino polysiloxane, polyvinyl chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate are mixed, cooled, the PH value of the resultant cooled solution is adjusted to 1.5-2.5 using sulfuric acid, again cooled, then silane coupling agent and germanium-propionate organic composite are added and stirred for 0.5-1.5 hours, to obtain electrolyte solution. The radiation treatment of electrolyte solution involves radiating coherent white light into electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel is hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The barrier layer has one or more layers containing silicon, aluminum, magnesium, their oxide, nitride or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The refractive index of low refractive index layer, ultraviolet absorption layer, and base material layer becomes large in order from light receiving surface side. The low refractive index layer contains fluorine and resin. The low refractive index layer is coated along corrugated shape of ultraviolet absorption layer more thin than the difference of corrugation of thickness of low refractive index layer in recessed portion of ultraviolet absorption layer. The low refractive index layer is coated such that corrugated shape of ultraviolet absorption layer is covered. The light receiving surface of low refractive index layer is plane. The ultraviolet absorption layer consists of ultraviolet ray cured resin containing ultraviolet absorber. The base material layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate. The cover film has elongation retention of 50% or more in machine direction after maintaining at 105 degrees C for 192 hours in elongation of 100%.