TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte comprises a redox derivative and an organic solvent. The redox derivative is 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, iodine, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, quaternary ammonium salt, and pyridinium salt. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and/or tetrahydrofuran. The acrylate monomer is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, nonylphenol ethoxylate monoacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, N-butyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, monovinyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, beta -carboxyethyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, acrylated bisphenol ethoxylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, ethoxylated and propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glyceryl propoxylated triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and/or ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate. The photoinitiator is ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, alpha -methylbenzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, alpha , alpha -diethoxy acetophenone, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, anthraquinone, 2-anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropyl thioxanthone, chlorothioxanthone, benzophenone, p-chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate, and/or benzoyl benzoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The acrylate oligomer is SU-560 (RTM: trifunctional aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer) and/or EB9260 (RTM: aliphatic urethane triacrylate oligomer). Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of UV-curable resin and liquid electrolyte is 1:1-9:1. The electrolyte comprises (in wt.%) UV-curable acrylate monomer (30-95), acrylate oligomer (1-70), photoinitiator (1-70), and additive (remainder).