TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template comprises a porous solid or its mixture. The porous solid is a metal oxide, preferably silicon dioxide (silica) and/or an aluminum oxide (alumina). The template comprises: a porous solid having an arrangement of its pores that is ordered on the length scale of 0.4-1000 nm; a porous solid being an ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) where its pores have an order arranged on the length scale of 2-50 nm; a porous solid metal that can be dissolved in a solvent; a metal organic framework, a covalent organic framework or a zeolitic imidazolate framework material; and a polymer or a porous carbon. The porous solid has an arrangement of its pores that is ordered on the length scale of 2-50 nm. The precursor substance comprises: sources of carbon, metal and macrocyclic compounds and elements that are capable of forming bonds between carbon and macrocyclic compounds, and between macrocyclic compounds and metal; a metal salt or a dissolved metal salt in a solvent, preferably furfuryl amine; the elements of vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cerium, tungsten (all preferred), scandium, titanium, chromium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold and/or mercury; a type of atom that forms a complex to the metal type used as catalyst; compounds containing elements of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, boron or silicon capable of forming a complex to the metal type used as catalyst; molecules that can react and form macrocyclic compounds that become chemically bound to the carbon support and capable of forming complexes with single metal ions of the metal or metals used as catalytic material; an amine that can react and form macrocyclic compounds that become chemically bound to the carbon support and capable of forming complexes with single metal ions of the metal or metals used as catalytic material, where the amine preferably acts as a source of both carbon and nitrogen for the final material, which is furfuryl amine; macrocyclic compounds that become chemically bound to the carbon support and form complexes with single metal ions of the metal or metals used as catalytic material; a catalyst for facilitating the carbonization process; a catalyst for the carbonization process, where the catalyst is introduced to the template prior to other precursor substances to ensure an efficient filling of the template with the catalyst before carbonization takes place; and a catalyst for the carbonization process, which is introduced to the template prior to other precursor substances by exposing the template to the catalyst dissolved in a solvent for a sufficient duration of time to allow for the catalyst to penetrate the template and subsequently drying the template impregnated with the catalyst for the carbonization process at 50-120 degrees C before addition of the other precursor substances. The catalyst is paratoluene sulfonic acid, which may be dissolved in a solvent, and preferably also act as a source of carbon and sulfur in the final material. The template comprises a supramolecular assembly of molecules, either pre-assembled prior to the addition of the precursor substance or co-assembled with precursor in the precursor substance upon addition of the precursor substance. The polymerizable precursor comprises elements of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, oxygen or silicon that can act as bridge between the formed polymer backbone and the catalytically active metal of the electrocatalyst. The precursor substance contains the active metal (0-40 wt.%) of the final solid material content of the electrocatalyst, and polyethylene oxide polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer:resorcinol:formaldehyde:furfuryl amine is present in weight ratio of 0.4-0.8:1:0.2-0.4:0.02-0.3 and dissolved in ethanol. The porous electrically conducting carbon substrate has an ordered mesoporous pore structure. The porous electrically conducting carbon substrate has an atomic structure in the walls enclosing its pores that provides a high electrical conductivity. The porous electrically conducting carbon substrate has an atomic structure in the walls that is partly or completely graphitized and thus provides a high electrical conductivity. The second electrode comprises an electrocatalyst different from that contained in the ink mixture. Preferred Method: The precursor substance is added in several cycles involving mixing and pyrolysis in each cycle to achieve a higher filling degree of the template. The precursor substance polymerizes into a conducting polymer with sufficient electrical conductivity to alleviate the need for subsequent carbonization. The carbonization process resulting in the carbonized template composite involves heating of the mixture of the template and the precursor substance under inert, reducing or ammonia atmosphere to sufficient temperature for the precursor substance to polymerize and carbonize, where the exact temperature is 100-2000 degrees C depending on the choice of precursor substance. The carbonization process involves heating of the mixture of the template and the precursor substance under inert atmosphere to a temperature of 250-1400 degrees C for the precursor substance to polymerize and carbonize. The carbonization process involves heating of the mixture of the template and the precursor substance under inert or reducing atmosphere to sufficient temperature for the precursor substance to polymerize and carbonize and partly or completely graphitize (i.e. form graphite-like atomic order in parts of the material, while still maintaining the templated structure at a length scale larger than 2 nm). The method comprises removing the template from the carbonized template composite. The template is removed from the carbonized template composite by exposing the composite to a treatment that selectively removes the template from the composite. In the method, removing the template comprises using a selective solvent, a selective oxidizer or a heat treatment the choice of which depends on the nature of the template. In the method, for the removal of a template, a solvent consisting of a suitably selective acid or base is used; for the removal of a template consisting of silica a solvent consisting of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or an alkaline solution (e.g. aqueous sodium hydroxide) is used; for the removal of a template consisting of a metal, a solvent consisting of a strong acid such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid may be used; and for the removal of a template consisting of organic material or amphiphilic supramolecular assemblies a UV/ozon treatment or a heat treatment under oxidizing conditions is used. The molecules in the supramolecular assembly are mixed with a polymerizable precursor substance and the catalytic metal dissolved in a solvent. The precursor substance containing the active metal is added at a later stage but before the carbonization process. The precursor substance in the mixture is allowed to polymerize by employment of a heat treatment of the mixture. The heat treatment of a precursor substance containing resorcinol is 95-105 degrees C. In the method, a polymerized composite is allowed to carbonize by heating it in an inert or reducing atmosphere to 250-1400 degrees C for 1-24 hours and by optionally employing a catalyst for the carbonization reaction that is present in the precursor substance or included at a later stage of the process but before the carbonization process. The carbonization catalyst is triethyl orthoacetate or a compound with similar catalyzing properties. The heat treatment is employed to remove partly or completely the supramolecular assembly template from the composite. The polymerized composite is exposed to a selective solvent such as an acidic aqueous ethanol solution to remove partly or completely the supramolecular assembly template from the composite. The electrochemical reaction involves transfer of charge carriers e.g. negative electrons or positive holes between reactants and the electrocatalyst and which reaction rate is increased by absorption of light in the UV to visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and hence is either a complete photocatalyst or photovoltaic system or part of a photocatalyst or a photovoltaic system. The porous electrically conducting carbon substrate having a pore structure that has been deliberately structured (templated) by the use of a template such that the pore structure provides efficient mass transport of reactants to and from the electrocatalytically active sites that are chemically bonded to the carbon substrate via macrocyclic compounds and that are present throughout the carbon support. The template used is removable, transformable or constitute an integral part of the final electrocatalyst. The pore structure is controlled or ordered on the length scale of 0.4 nanometer to tens of micrometers, and thus provides efficient mass transport of reactants to and from the electrocatalytically active sites that are chemically bonded to the carbon substrate via macrocyclic compounds and present throughout the carbon support. In the method: mixing of electrocatalyst and ionomer is done in a 0.05-20 weight ratio of catalyst-to-ionomer; sandwiching of the components in the MEA is done by pressing the components together at pressures 0.1-100 bar overpressure and optionally simultaneously applying heating of the sandwiched components at room temperature to 200 degrees C. The gas diffusion layer is pretreated so as to give it a porous layer with high electrical conductivity and desired hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance so as to facilitate mass transport of reactants and products. The ink mixture is deposited on to the Nafion (RTM: Proton conducting polymer).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is formaldehyde and/or furfuryl amine or other solvent e.g. ethanol, suitable for dissolving the precursor substrate without interfering with the subsequent chemical reactions of the manufacturing process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molecules in the supramolecular assembly comprises: amphiphilic molecules; and block copolymer or surfactant; polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer; block copolymer or surfactant that can stand the temperature needed for the polymerization of the precursor substance; metal salts and bridging ligands able to co-assemble into a metal organic structure; and bridging ligands e.g. carboxylates or azoles. The polymerizable precursor substance is any carbon precursor that can be a polymerized in the presence of an amphiphile including compounds with benzene rings having at least one OH group, including phenols, catechols, diols, aromatic diols, dihydroxyphenols, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone or compounds with benzene rings having at least one OH group and amine groups, in combination with organic compounds that have a CO group, include aldehydes e.g. formaldehyde or acetaldehyde. The molecules of the supramolecular assembly may have additional functional groups that either make them polymerizable or give them proton conducting properties or both of those effects. The ionomer is a Nafion (RTM: Proton conducting polymer). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.