TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is: an inorganic acid, where carbon atoms contained in the inorganic acid are saturated carbon atoms bonded to each other by single bonds; or an organic acid, where carbon atoms contained in the organic acid are bonded to each other by single bonds. The inorganic acid comprises at least one of: triflate-based inorganic acid, trifluoro sulfonimide-based inorganic acid, tetrafluoroborate-based inorganic acid, perchlorate-based inorganic acid, hexafluorophosphate based inorganic acid, fluoroantimonate-based inorganic acid, silver-based inorganic acid or tellurium-based inorganic acid; or silver trifluoromethane sulfonate, scandium(III) triflate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride, bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium, silver bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide), bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, nitrosyl bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, trifluoromethanesulfonamide, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonamide, nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate, nitronium tetrafluoroborate, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver perchlorate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, silver hexafluorophosphate, hexafluorophosphoric acid, lithium hexafluorophosphate, fluoroantimonate, nitronium hexafluoroantimonate, nitrosonium hexafluoroantimonate, potassium hexafluoroantimonate, fluorosulfuric acid-antimony pentafluoride, silver hexafluoroantimonate, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver thiocyanate, silver hexafluorophosphate, silver hexafluoroantimonate, silver hexafluoroarsenate, silver cyanide, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver perchlorate, teflic acid or telluric acid. The inorganic acid/organic acid comprises a metal ion having d-orbitals filled with electrons. In the transparent electrode: light transmittance of the graphene doped with the p-dopant is greater than or equal to 75%; a sheet resistance variation rate after 14 days from the doping of the graphene with the p-dopant is less than or equal to 20%; an amount of the p-dopant remains on the surface of the graphene; and sheet resistance of the graphene doped with the p-dopant is less than or equal to 500 Omega /square. The doped graphene has a sheet resistance reduction rate of less than or equal to 20%, where the sheet resistance reduction rate is calculated by using the equation comprising (sheet resistance reduction rate (%) = absolute value of ((sheet resistance of graphene right after the graphene is doped with the p-dopant-sheet resistance of graphene before the graphene is doped with the p-dopant)/100)). The p-dopant not doped into the graphene forms a surface coating layer on the surface of the transparent substrate. The graphene is composed of 1-10 stacked layers or 2-10 stacked layers, and the p-dopant is between the graphene layers. The transparent electrode is formed of a flexible material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid comprises at least one of: oxalic acid-based organic acid, lactic acid-based organic acid, propionic acid-based organic acid, acetic acid-based organic acid, citric acid-based organic acid or trifluoroacetate-based organic acid; or oxalyl chloride, oxalyl bromide, silver lactate, silver pentafluoropionate, methyl chlorooxoacetate, ethyl chlorooxoacetate, citric acid, lithium citrate, potassium citrate, zinc citrate, cesium trifluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate anhydride or silver trifluoroacetate. The molecular weight of the acid is 120-400. Preferred Process: The graphene is treated with an acid different from the p-dopant. The graphene is formed as a mono layer having a size of 1 cmx 1 cm and the amount of the p-dopant in the graphene monolayer is 0.000025-0.0175 mmol. The graphene is formed as mono-layers, and a concentration of the p-dopant solution is 0.001-0.1 M/graphene mono-layer, preferably 0.005-0.05 M/graphene mono-layer. The graphene is formed as mono-layers, and an amount of the p-dopant solution is 0.025-0.175 ml/graphene mono-layer having a size of 1 cmx 1 cm. In the process after the step of forming the transparent electrode and before the step of doping the graphene, further comprises acid-treating the transparent electrode including the graphene. EXAMPLE - Copper foil (75 mu m) was disposed in a chamber and heat-treated at 1000 degrees C by passing hydrogen to flow at a rate of 4 sccm for 30 minutes. Then, methane (20 sccm) and hydrogen (4 seem) were made to flow for 30 minutes, and the chamber was naturally cooled to form a graphene mono-layer having a size of 2 cmx 2 cm. Then chlorobenzene solution (5 wt.%) in which polymethyl methacrylate was dissolved was coated on the substrate on which the graphene sheet was formed at 1000 rpm for 60 seconds. The resultant was immersed in copper etchant for 1 hour to remove the copper foil, resulting in isolating the graphene sheet to which the polymethyl methacrylate was attached. The graphene sheet was collected from the etchant and dried on a polyethylene naphthalate plastic substrate. Then the polymethyl methacrylate was removed using acetone to obtain the transparent electrode including a graphene mono-layer formed on the substrate.