TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cationic initiators are protonic acid, Lewis acid and/or iodine. The protonic acid is concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid and/or trichloroacetic acid. The Lewis acid is boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex, boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex, boron trifluoride methanol complex, boron trifluoride acetic acid complex, boron trifluoride ethylamine complex, aluminum chloride, titanium chloride and tin chloride. The concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 20-150 %mass, preferably, 50-98 %mass. The alkali metal is sodium and/or potassium. The sol-gel reaction catalyst is acid or alkali. The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid. The alkali is aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The content of aqueous ammonia is 1-28%, preferably 5-20%. The sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid and/or chlorosulfonic acid. The magnetic nanoparticles are ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and/or magnetic rare-earth alloy nanoparticles. The particle size of the magnetic nanoparticles is 1-1000 nm, preferably, 10-100 nm. The content of the magnetic nanoparticle to the monomer to the initiator to the solvent is 0.1-10:0.5-200:0.01-20:100-105, preferably, 1:50: 2: 2000. The oxide is tetraethoxysilane, tetrabutyl titanate, methyltrichlorosilane, tetrachlorosilicane, titanium trichloride and/or titanium tetrachloride. The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and/or hydrobromic acid. The alkali is aqueous ammonia, potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide. The concentration of the acid or alkali is 0.1-10 %mass, preferably 1-5 %mass. The mass ratio of the functional polymer nanofiber to the acid or alkali is 0.1-10:0.02-100:0.1-100, preferably 1:1:0.5. The metal salt precursor in aqueous solution is silver nitrate and/or nickel acetate. The reducer is hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate and/or glucose. The ratio of the functional polymer nanofiber in the metal salt precursor to the reducer is 0.1-10:0.01-100:0.1-100, preferably 1:10:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cationic polymerization monomers are styrene, methyl styrene, a-methyl styrene, methyl styrene, methoxy styrene, divinyl benzene, butadiene, isoprene, isobutene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, alkyl vinyl ether, chloromethylstyrene, bromomethylstyrene, iodomethylstyrene, halogenated styrene, oxetane derivative, tetrahydrofuran, trioxane, formaldehyde, alkyleneoxide, epoxy coupling agent and/or vinyl sulfide. The alkyl vinyl ether is isobutyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether or divinyl ether. The halogenated styrene is chlorostyrene, p- chloromethylstyrene or 4-bromostyrene. The oxetane derivative is oxetane or 3,3'-bis(chloromethylene) oxetane. The alkyleneoxide is ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. The epoxy coupling agent is epoxy silane coupling agent or epoxy titanate coupling agent. The anionic polymerization monomers are a-methyl styrene, styrene, butadiene, isoprene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylonitrile, methyl ketene, nitroethylene, diethyl methylenemalonate, a-cyanoacrylate, a-cyano-2,4-hexdiencate, vinylidene cyanide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, alkyleneoxide, vinyl sulfide and/or caprolactam. The free radical polymerization monomers are vinyl monomers. The vinyl monomers are divinyl benzene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and/or vinyl acetate. The sol-gel reaction monomers are hydrolyzed compounds. The hydrolyzed compounds are silicate ester, titanate, halogenated tin, trichloromethyl silane, tetrachlorosilicane, titanium trichloride and/or titanium tetrachloride. The free radical initiators are azodiisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, mixture of ammonium persulfate or hydrogen peroxide with ferrous chloride, mixture of potassium permanganate with oxalate, mixture of ceric ammonium nitrate with ethanol, mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide with N,N-dimethylaniline, mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide with cuprous naphthoate and/or mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide with triethyl aluminum. The organic metal compound is amino compound, metallic alkyl compound and/or Grignard reagent (RMgX). The tertiary amine is trimethylamine, triethylamine and/or pyridine. The metallic alkyl compound is sodium amide or potassium amide. The metallic alkyl compound is butyl lithium, ethyl sodium or phenyl isopropyl potassium. The solvent (A) or nonpolar solvent is alkane having 5-10C, cyclohexane, haloalkane, petroleum ether, gasoline and/or liquid paraffin, preferably, n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane. The anionic initiators are alkali metal, organic metal compound or tertiary amine. The mass ratio of the initiator to the solvent is 0.001-10:100, preferably 0.02-2:100. The mass ratio of the monomer to the solvent is 0.0001-50:100, preferably, 0.05-10:100. The polar solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or water. The mass ratio of initiator to the polar solvent is 0.001-10:100, preferably 0.02-2:100. The mass ratio of the monomer with respect to the nonpolar solvent is 0.0001-50:100, preferably 0.05-10:100. The mass ratio of the polymer nanofiber with respect to sulfonating agent is 1-100:100, preferably 1:10. The polymerized monomer is maleic anhydride. The initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile and/or benzoyl peroxide. The mass ratio of polymer nanofiber to the solvent to the comonomer to the initiator is 1-20:100-1000:0.1-20:0.1-5, preferably 10:250:10:1. The tertiary amine is trimethylamine and/or triethylamine. The solvent (B) is ethanol, benzaldehyde and methanol, preferably, ethanol. The alkali is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The concentration of the tertiary amine solution is 0.1-30 %mass, preferably 1-10 %mass. The mass ratio of the polymer nanofiber to the solvent to the tertiary amine solution to the alkali is 0.1-10:20-1000:1-100:0.5-50, preferably 1:100:10:5. The catalyst is cuprous chloride. The solvent is ethanol, benzaldehyde and/or methanol, preferably benzaldehyde. The ligand is pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and/or 2,2'-bipyridine. The content of the catalyst to the ligand to the polymer nanometer to the polymerized monomer to the solvent is 0.1-l0 g:0.1-10 g:l-100 g:l-1000 g:10-5000 mL, preferably 0.4 g:0.5 g:1.5 g: 30 g:l00 mL. The conducting polymer monomer is aniline, pyrrole, thiophene and/or thiophene derivative. The solute is ammonium persulfate, potassium peroxydisulfate and/or ferric trichloride. The solvent is water, ethanol and/or acetone. The ratio of the polymer nanofiber to the conducting polymer monomer to the solute in the oxidant solution is 0.1-10:0.1-5:0.01-10, preferably 1:0.5:1. The concentration of the ethanol solution is 0.1-80 %mass, preferably 1-50 %mass.R=alkyl, phenyl or benzyl having 1-8C;andX=halo, preferably benzyl magnesium chloride.