TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: In the battery (B1), the negative electrode comprises at least one selected from lithium metal, lithium metal-based alloy, and lithium intercalation compound. The positive electrode is porous carbon-based material; and comprises an oxygen reduction catalyst. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: In the electrolyte (E1), the oxygen anion is derived from lithium oxide. The oxygen anion capturing compound is an oxazolidinone derivative in which an electron-withdrawing group is bound to its N-position. The non-aqueous electrolyte (E1) is selected from carbonate-based solvent, ester-based solvent, ether-based solvent, ketone-based solvent, organosulfur-based solvent, organophosphorus-based solvent, and/or nonprotonic solvent; and is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dibutyl carbonate (DBC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimthoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, gamma -butyrolactone, 2-methyl- gamma -butyrolactone, 3-methyl- gamma -butyrolactone, 4-methyl- gamma -butyrolactone, beta -propiolactone, delta -valerolactone, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and/or tritolyl phosphate. The non-aqueous organic electrolyte (E1) further comprises lithium salt. Preferred Components: The oxygen anion capturing compound has concentration of 0.1-50 or 1-5 wt.%; and is the oxazolidinone derivative of formula (I). The lithium metal-based alloy is an alloy of aluminum, tin, magnesium, indium, calcium, titanium, and/or vanadium, with lithium. The porous carbon-based material is carbon black, graphite, graphene, activated carbon, and/or carbon fibers. The oxygen reduction catalyst is noble metal-based catalyst (preferably platinum, gold, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, or osmium), oxide-based catalyst (preferably manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, or nickel oxide), and/or organic metal-based catalyst (preferably cobalt phthalocyanine). The lithium salt is at least one salt selected from LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, Li(CF3SO2)2N, LiC4F9SO3, LiClO4, LiAlO2, LiAlCl4, LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), LiF, LiBr, LiCl, LiI, and LiB(C2O4)2 (lithium bis(oxalato) borate; LiBOB); and has concentration of 1-2 M.R'=1-10C hydrocarbon (where the hydrogen is optionally substituted by -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, or -NO2), -CF3, -CN, -SO3H, -SO2R1, -NO2, -N+(R2)4, -CO-R3, -CO-OR4, -CO-N(R5)2, -F, -Cl, or -Br;R1-R5=H or 1-5C alkyl, optionally substituted by -F, -Cl, -Br, -CN, or -NO2;andx and y=natural numbers. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds i.e. 3-acetyl-oxazolidin-2-one (Ia), 2-oxo-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 3-ethyl-oxazolidin-2-one, and 3-trifluoromethyl-oxazolidin-2-one are specified as the oxazolidinone compound (I).    EXAMPLE - 3-Acetyl-2-oxazolidinone (1 wt.%) was added to propylene carbonate in which LiClO4 (1 M) had been dissolved to prepare non-aqueous electrolyte. A positive electrode active material coated with porous carbon black electrode on a carbon paper that had been subjected to a water repellent treatment was used, and lithium metal foil was used as a negative electrode. A separator was used and the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte was applied to prepare lithium air battery (test). A comparative lithium air battery was manufactured in the same manner, except that propylene carbonate in which LiClO4 was dissolved in a concentration of 1 M was added instead of 3-acetyl-2-oxazolidinone as non-aqueous electrolyte. The lithium air batteries and comparative batteries were charged at room temperature until voltages reached 4.5 V at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2, and discharged until the voltages reached 2 V at the same current density. The lithium air battery had larger charge and discharge capacity and more enhanced lifespan characteristics than the comparative battery.