TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of total amount of molecular oxygen contained in the first molecular oxygen containing gas and the second molecular oxygen containing gas to the total amount of molecular oxygen required to completely oxidize all carbon contained in carbonaceous material feed to carbon dioxide is of 0.1-0.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises at least one solid transfer device effective for moving carbonaceous material from the gasification zone to the burn-up zone; and at least one gas inlet in the gasification zone, burn-up zone and tar destruction zone. Preferred Components: The gasification zone includes at least one gasification hearth. The burn-up zone includes at least one burn-up hearth. The gasification zone in apparatus, includes up to 10 hearths, and the burn-up zone includes up to 5 hearths.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gasification hearths accomplish preheating of the carbonaceous material by heat exchange with at least one of the first gaseous product and second gaseous product. The molecular oxygen is introduced into the gasification zone and burn-up zone at a rate of 0-75 lb-mole per tone of carbonaceous material on a dry basis. A temperature of the gasification zone and burn-up zone is not greater than 800 degrees C. A temperature of the tar destruction zone is greater than 900 degrees C. Preferred Components: The CO/CO2 molar ratio in the raw syngas and hot gas is greater than 1. A weight ratio of carbon content of solid ash to carbon content of carbonaceous material feed is less than 0.05 (preferably less than 0.01). The carbon content of the solid ash is less than 10 (preferably less than 5) wt.%. The mass of total oxygen per unit mass of total carbon in carbonaceous material feed entering gasification zone is less than mass of total oxygen per unit mass of total carbon in unconverted portion of carbonaceous material feed entering burn-up zone. The carbonaceous material is selected from carbonaceous material, carbonaceous liquid product, carbonaceous industrial liquid recycle, carbonaceous municipal solid waste, carbonaceous urban waste, carbonaceous agricultural material, carbonaceous forestry material, carbonaceous wood waste, carbonaceous construction material, carbonaceous vegetative material, carbonaceous industrial waste, carbonaceous fermentation waste, carbonaceous petrochemical co-products, carbonaceous alcohol production co-products, carbonaceous coal, tires, plastics, waste plastic, coke oven tar, fibersoft, lignin, black liquor, polymers, waste polymers, polyethylene terephthalate (PETA), polystyrene (PS), sewage sludge, animal waste, crop residues, energy crops, forest processing residues, wood processing residues, livestock wastes, poultry wastes, food processing residues, fermentative process wastes, ethanol co-products, spent grain and/or spent microorganisms. The raw syngas has a tar equivalent content below 10 parts per million (ppm). The tar equivalent content is equivalent to a hydrocarbon selected from benzene and/or alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.